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Today, the breeding goal is to improve milk production , milk quality and fonctional type of the two main dairy goat breeds used intensively in France. They are:
The Alpine, the most common goat breed in France (60% of the females which are milk recorded) is an average size goat; females are high yielders. It has a smooth coat, the colour of which varies but is often fawn. These hardy goats are equally suitable to intensive indoor systems and grazing, and also to mountainous areas. The Saanen is a dairy breed of quiet goats with good body development and smooth white coats. It is the most popular dairy breed in the world. It shows very good abilities to suit intensive systems. Stocks are bred to improve milk yield and quality and fonctional type in the mean time retaining their basic qualities of fertility, prolificacy, hardiness and early maturity. The quality criteria taken into account are the milk production, protein content and fat content. The improvement programme is based on: progeny testing of bucks selected according to their parents average. Bucks are indexed according to the milk production of their daughters (30-50 per buck). Bucks classified as improvers are then used for artificial insemination; the additional use of bucks for natural service chosen according to the previous generations. More than 80,000 artificial inseminations carried out annually allow to test 70 bucks per year.
Bonchamps daughter / Hija de Bonchamp Biscuits daughter / Hija de Biscuit
SAANEN
ALPINE
Breeding
CAPGENES is responsible for the breeding programme which involves more than 750 herds of breeding stock.
MILK YIELDS AND QUALITY FOR GOATS OF THE SELECTION BASE IN 2009 RESULTADOS DE LAS CABRAS DE LA BASE DE SELECCIN EN 2009
Saanen Alpine Average lactation length (days) Duracin de la lactacin (das) Milk yield per lactation (kg) Leche (kg) Protein rat (pour mille) Tasa protica (g/kg) Fat rat content (pour mille) Tasa de grasa (g/kg)
Ref: Capgnes
La seleccin
El programa de seleccin que realiza CAPGENES que reagrupa cerca de 750 ganaderos de seleccin. Los objetivos de seleccin consisten en mejorar la produccin lechera en cantidad
Agropole - 2135, route de Chauvigny 86550 MIGNALOUX-BEAUVOIR - FRANCE Tl. : 33 (0) 5 49 56 10 75 - Fax : 33 (0) 5 49 56 46 53 E-mail : capgenes@capgenes.com http://www.capgenes.com
Selection programme for genetic improvement of dairy goats Programa nacional colectivo de mejoramiento genetico
A selection programme for genetic improvement of dairy goats unique in the world!
170 000 goats in the selection base CAPGENES is leading the national selection programme for genetic improvement of the 2 main dairy goat breeds: Alpine and Saanen. The selection base includes more than 750 breeders and 170 000 milk recorded goats. The females selected for planned matings in order to produce proven bucks for artificial insemination, are the best goats from the selection base. 2 breeding goals: milk and type The breeding goals are to improve milk production both on quantity and quality, and the functional type of females. The selection criteria are milk quantity, protein and fat kg, protein and fat %. They are ranked by an economic index (ICC: Index Combin Caprin) which is calculated according to the french economic situation. Type information is recorded in a national data base which includes nearly 80 000 goats. Goats are recorded for 14 type criteria which concern development, feet and legs, udder and teats. 360 bucks on pre progeny test assessment Bucks which enter the pre progeny test station come from planned matings with the top 3% of goats from the selection base. This pre progeny test station is unique in the world. It groups 360 bucks bred according to the european and international health standards. The use of the latest research about goat reproduction physiology allows to collect bucks the whole year round to produce doses for artificial insemination. The on farm progeny testing: unique in the world! Bucks which succesfully passed the preprogeny test assessment are progeny tested on farm. Data recorded on farm is used by the INRA to calculate indexes using the BLUP multitrait Animal Model. The top bucks ranked on these indexes are approved for artificial insemination (40 bucks each year). Genetic progress for every one Genetic progress is quickly spread thanks to the use of artificial insemination. In 10 years
PRODUCTION OF THE FEMALES SELECTED FOR PLANNED MATINGS IN 2009 RESULTADOS DE LAS MADRES DE MACHOS CABRIOS ELEGIDAS PARA LOS ACOPLAMIENTOS PROGRAMADOS EN 2009
Saanen Lactation length (days) Duracin de la lactacin (das) Milk (kg) Leche (kg) Protein rate (pour mille) Tasa protica (g/kg) Fat rate content (pour mille) Tasa de grasa (g/kg)
Ref: Capgnes
Alpine 290
297
it allowed french breeds from the selection base to make a progress of more than 130 kg of milk per goat per lactation. This genetic progress is available for foreign breeders thanks to semen and embryos exported as a result of the collaboration between CAPGENES and SERSIA FRANCE. Not just milk but also meat !!! The fantastic milking abilities of french Alpine and Saanen breeds are complemented by excellent meat producing abilities. In France, the majority of young goats are slaughtered at an average of 4/5 weeks old and 9.5 kg average live weight, achieving a 64% killing out percentage and 6.1 kg carcass weight. To achieve a kid at 13 months, at a live weight of 46 kg, the target growth rate is 60 g/day
between 210 and 400 days of age. Mature goats reach average weights of 50 to 90 kg, with some females reaching weights of more than 100 kg. Cross breeding to improve growth Cross breedings between french Alpine and Saanen breeds and local breeds of other countries have shown that the improvement of milk production of cross bred goats also improved the growth rates of kids. In viet Nam, cross breeding between the Bach Tao dairy breed and french Alpine and Saanen resulted in kids which grew faster and better than the Bach Tao pure bred. The growth rate was 35 to 45% higher.
Exemple of cross breeding between french Alpine goats and a Rwanda meat breed (male kids)
Birth Weight (kg) Local breed 3,2
Ref: INRA - 1992
30 days weight Local breed 5,1 Cross bred 7,5 Difference +47 %
Average Daily Gain (g/D) Local breed 63 Cross bred 149 Difference +137%
Multicaracteres. Los machos con los mejores ndices son aceptados para la I.A. Un mejoramiento gentico para todos La I.A. permite difundir rpidamente el mejoramiento gentico creado. Eso ha permitido a los ganaderos un progreso de la produccin lechera media de ms de 130 kg por cabra en 10 aos. Ese mejoramiento gentico est disponible tambien para los ganaderos extranjeros con la exportacin de semen y embriones congelados, resultado de un trabajo comn de CAPGENES y SERSIA. Grandes aptitudas carniceras Las cabras Alpina y Saanen no slo tienen cualidades lecheras fantsticas, sino tambien muy buenas aptitudas carniceras. En Francia, los cabritos se llevan al matadero a las 4/5 semanas. Para un parto a 13 meses, el objectivo de crecimiento es 60g/dia entre los 210 y 400 das de edad, hasta llegar a un peso
medio vivo de 46 kg. La mayor parte de los cabritos de matadero en Francia (animales de 4/5 semanas) tienen un peso vivo medio de 9,5 kg. El rendimiento a la matanza es del 64 % para un peso medio de canal de 6,1 kg. El peso medio vivo de las cabras adultas vara entre los 70 y 90 kg, y algunas hembras pueden llegar hasta los 100 kg. Cruces para un mejor crecimiento Varios cruces entre cabras Alpina o Saanen y razas locales de otros paises han permitido poner de relieve que el incremento de los resultados lecheros de las cabras cruzadas mejoran la rapidez del crecimiento de los jvenes cabritos. En Viet-Nam, cruces realizados entre la raza lechera Bach Tao y las razas Alpina y Saanen, los productos cruzados han presentado un crecimiento mucho mejor que el crecimiento de las cabras puras Bach Tao. La GMD (Ganancia Media Diaria) es superior en un 35 - 45 %.
Growth of the Bach Tao breed and cross bred goats Crecimiento de las cabras puras Bach Tao y de los cruzados
Peso a 30 das Raza local 5,1 Cabra Diferencia cruzada 7,5 +47 % Raza local 63
Growth of the french Saanen breed Crecimiento de las cabras Saanen de Francia
Ejemplo de cruce entre cabras Alpina y una raza carnicera de Rwanda (productos machos)
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