Pile Design Guide

PRESTRESSED PILING
TECHNICAL DETAILS AND SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Prestressed Piling
Prestressed concrete piling are vital elements in the foundations of buildings, bridges and marine structures throughout the world. They vary in size from 10 in. (254 mm) square piles used in building foundations to the 66 in. (1676 mm) diameter cylinder piles used in marine structures and bridges. Many areas of North America have poor soil conditions requiring pile foundations for even relatively light structures. In such areas, prestressed concrete piling have come to be the usual method of construction, having been proven the logical choice of materials where permanence, durability and economy must be considered. Heavy marine structures often rely on prestressed concrete piling driven through deep water or through deep layers of unsuitable material for their support. Prestressed concrete piling can be designed to safely support these heavy loads as well as lateral loads caused by wind, waves and earthquakes. In marine environments these piles can resist corrosion caused by salt water and by thousands of cycles of wetting and drying.1 The following pages contain the specifications and service load interaction diagrams for the majority of the standard pile sizes for Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc. This information is to be used to assist engineers in the design of their projects. This manual is not intended to replace the necessity of a profession engineered design.
Recommended Practice for Design, Manufacture and Installation of Prestressed Concrete Piling, PCI Committee on Prestressed Concrete Piling, Mar-Apr 1993
Precast/PrestressedPiling:ServiceLoadInteractionDiagram
500
ServiceLoadInteractionDiagram
400
300
ServiceAxialLoad(kips)
200
100
0 0.0 100 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
200
ServiceBendingMoment(kip*feet)
PileSize=
Concrete NormalWeight 6000 4000 psi psi
12 "x 12 "
PrestressingStrand Type= 270 ksi,Lolax Size= 1/2"(std.) Qty.= 4 2 Area= 0.153 in Pull= 75%
Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

STANDARD PILI NG DATE
Engineering Department
12"x12" Pile,TypeA
6/9/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
12x12A
5700IH 35South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX78666,phone ,512.396.2376,www.hel denfel s .com
Precast/PrestressedPiling:DesignCriteriaandInput DesignCriteria 1)ServiceLoadDesign. 2)AllowableCompressiveStress=0.45f' cforSUSTAINEDLOADS. 3)AllowableTensionStress=0forSUSTAINEDLOADS. 4)ForTEMPORARYLOADS,AllowableCompressiveStress=0.60f' c. 5)ForTEMPORARYLOADS,AllowableTensionStress=0. 6)Assumeasustainedcompressionserviceloadequalto: 100 7)UsePCImethodforestimatingprestresslosses. 8)BendingisaboutprincipleaxesANDonlyoneaxisatatime. 9)Slendernessisnotconsidered. 10)Ultimatecapacitymustbecheckedtoensuretherequiredfactorof safetyisachievedinaccordancewithACI318.
kips.
DesignInput SectionSize: h= b=
12 12
inches inches
SectionArea(accountingforchamfers,radii,etc.): Ag= q 142 square inches PrestressingStrand: Type= 270 Size= 1/2"(std.) Qty.= 4 Area= 0.153 Pull= 75% Concrete: wc= f'c= f'ci= Ec= Eci=
ksi,Lolax
squareinchesperstrand (initial)
145 6000 4000 4,463,151 3,644,147
pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

STANDARD PILING DATE
12"x12"Pile, Type A
6/9/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
12x12A - info.
5700IH 35 South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX 78666,phone,512.396.2376, www.hel denfel s .com
kips.
12 12
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 7000 4000 4,820,754 3,644,147

STANDARDPILING DATE
EngineeringDepartment
12"x12"Pile,TypeB
6/9/2010
BY SHEET
5700IH35South,SanMarcos,TX78666,phone,512.396.2376,www.heldenfels.com
cK Structural
12x12B - info.
500
400
300
200
100
0 0.0 100 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
200
PileSize=
12 "x 12 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
12"x12"Pile,TypeB
6/9/2010
BY SHEET
5700IH35South,SanMarcos,TX78666,phone,512.396.2376,www.heldenfels.com
cK Structural
12x12B
kips.
14 14
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 6000 4000 4,463,151 3,644,147

14"x14"Pile, Type A
6/9/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
14x14A - info.
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 0.0 100 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0
200
PileSize=
14 "x 14 "

14"x14" Pile,TypeA
6/9/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
14x14A
kips.
14 14
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 7000 4000 4,820,754 3,644,147

14"x14"Pile, Type B
6/9/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
14x14B - info.
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0.0 100 200 300 10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
PileSize=
14 "x 14 "

14"x14" Pile,TypeB
6/9/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
14x14B
kips.
16 16
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 5000 4000 4,074,281 3,644,147

STANDARDPILING DATE
EngineeringDepartm ent
16"x16"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A - info.
5700IH35South,SanM arcos,TX78666,phone,512.396.2376,www.heldenfels.com
600 500 400
300 200 100 0 0.0 100 200 300 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
PileSize=
16 "x 16 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
16"x16"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A
kips.
16 16
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 7000 4000 4,820,754 3,644,147

STANDARDPILING DATE
16"x16"Pile,TypeB
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16B - info.
800 700 600 500
400 300 200 100 0 0.0 100 200 300 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0
PileSize=
16 "x 16 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
16"x16"Pile,TypeB
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16B
kips.
18 18
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 5000 4000 4,074,281 3,644,147

STANDARDPILING DATE
18"x18"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
18x18A - info.
800 700 600 500
400 300 200 100 0 0.0 100 200 300 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0
PileSize=
18 "x 18 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
18"x18"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
18x18A
kips.
18 18
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 7000 4000 4,820,754 3,644,147

STANDARDPILING DATE
18"x18"Pile,TypeB
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
18x18B - info.
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0 0.0 200 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0
400
PileSize=
18 "x 18 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
18"x18"Pile,TypeB
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
18x18B
kips.
20 20
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 6000 4000 4,463,151 3,644,147

STANDARDPILING DATE
20"x20"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
20x20A - info.
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0 0.0 200 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0
400
PileSize=
20 "x 20 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
20"x20"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
20x20A
kips.
20 20
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 8000 4500 5,153,603 3,865,202

STANDARDPILING DATE
20"x20"Pile,TypeB
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
20x20B - info.
1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 0.0 200 400 40.0
80.0
120.0
160.0
200.0
240.0
280.0
PileSize=
20 "x 20 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
20"x20"Pile,TypeB
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
20x20B
kips.
24 24
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 6000 4000 4,463,151 3,644,147

STANDARDPILING DATE
24"x24"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
24x24A - info.
1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000
800 600 400 200 0 0.0 200 400 600 40.0 80.0 120.0 160.0 200.0 240.0 280.0 320.0 360.0
PileSize=
24 "x 24 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
24"x24"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
24x24A
kips.
24 24
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 8000 4500 5,153,603 3,865,202

STANDARDPILING DATE
24"x24"Pile,TypeB
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
24x24B - info.
2,200
1,800
1,400
1,000
600
200
200
0.0
40.0
80.0
120.0
160.0
200.0
240.0
280.0
320.0
360.0
400.0
440.0
480.0
600
PileSize=
24 "x 24 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
24"x24"Pile,TypeB
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
24x24B
Sample Calculations
kips.
16 16
inches inches
ksi,Lolax
145 5000 4000 4,074,281 3,644,147

STANDARDPILING DATE
16"x16"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A - info.
Sample Calculations
Precast/PrestressedPiling:PointsforServiceLoadInteractionDiagramSustainedLoads EffectiveForceinStrand,Feff Feff= 24,729 lbs EffectivePrestressinPile,eff fpc = 779 psi Point1UpperBoundary(CompressionOnly,NoBending M1=0) P1/A+M1/S+fpc=0.45f'c A= 254 squareinches M1= 0 S= 683 inches^3 P1= 373,666 lbs Point2CompressionwithMinimumEccentricity(5%) P2/A+M2/S+fpc=0.45f'c emin= 0.80 (minimumeccentricity) M2= 0.80 Plb*inches P2= 287,955 lbs M2= 19.2 kip*feet Point3CrossoverFromCompressiontoTensionControls PartA: P3/A+M3/S+fpc=0.45f'c PartB: P3/AM3/S+fpc=0ORP3=A[(M/S)f pc] RewritePartA: A[(M3/S)fpc]/A+M3/S+fpc=0.45f'c SolveforM3: M3= 768,000 kip*inches M3= 64.0 kip*feet SolveforP3: P3= A[(M3/S)fpc] P3= 87,916 lbs Point4TensionControlsandM=0 P4/A0/S+fpc=0 P4= 197,834 lbs

16"x16" Pile, Type A
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A_02
5700IH 35South, Sa n Ma rcos , TX 78666, phone, 512.396.2376, www.hel denfel s .com
Sample Calculations
Precast/PrestressedPiling:PointsforServiceLoadInteractionDiagramSustained+TemporaryLoads EffectiveForceinStrand,Feff Feff= 24,729 lbs EffectivePrestressinPile,eff eff = 779 psi Point1UpperBoundary(CompressionOnly,NoBending) P1/A+M1/S+fpc=0.60f'c A= 254 M1= 0 S= 683 P1= 564,166 lbs Point2CompressionwithMinimumEccentricity(5%) P2/A+M2/S+fpc=0.60f'c emin= M2= P2= 434,758 lbs M2= 29.0 kip*feet Point P i t3Crossover C F FromC Compression i t toT Tension i C Controls t l PartA: P3/A+M3/S+fpc=0.60f'c PartB: P3/AM3/S+fpc=0ORP3=A[(M/S)f pc] RewritePartA: A[(M3/S)fpc]/A+M3/S+fpc=0.60f'c SolveforM3: M3= 1,024,000 kip*inches M3= 85.3 kip*feet SolveforP3: P3= A[(M3/S)fpc] P3= 183,166 lbs Point4TensionControlsandM=0 P4/A0/S+fpc=0 P4= 197,834 lbs
squareinches inches^3
0.80 (minimumeccentricity) 0.80 Plb*inches

16"x16" Pile, Type A
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A_03
5700IH 35South, Sa n Ma rcos , TX 78666, phone, 512.396.2376, www.hel denfel s .com
Sample Calculations
Precast/PrestressedPiling:PointsforServiceLoadInteractionDiagram DiagramPointsSustainedLoads P1= 373,666 lbs M1= 0.0 kip*feet P2= 287,955 lbs M2= 19.2 kip*feet P3= 87,916 lbs M3= 64.0 kip*feet P4= 197,834 lbs M4= 0.0 kip*feet DiagramPointsSustained+Temp.Loads P1= 564,166 lbs M1= 0.0 kip*feet P2= 434,758 lbs M2= 29.0 kip*feet P3= 183,166 lbs M3= 85.3 kip*feet P4= 197,834 lbs M4= 0.0 kip*feet
StandardBuildingCodeEquationforMaximumAxialLoad Pmax= (0.33f'c0.27fpc)Ag Pmax= 365,685 lbs

16"x16"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A_04
Sample Calculations
600 500 400
300 200 100 0 0.0 100 200 300 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
PileSize=
16 "x 16 "

STANDARDPILING DATE
16"x16"Pile,TypeA
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A
Sample Calculations
Precast/PrestressedPiling:PrestressLossCalculations PrestressLosses TL=ES+CR+SH+RE PCIEq.4.7.3.1 PCI6thEd.Handbook4.7.3
TL=TotalLosses(psi) ES=ElasticShortening(psi) CR=CreepofConcrete(psi) SH=ShrinkageofConcrete(psi) RE=RelaxationofTendons(psi)
ElasticShortening(ES) ES=KesEpsfcir/Eci PCIEq.4.7.3.2
Kes= 1.0 Eps= 28,500,000 Eci= 3,644,147
forpretensionedmembers psi psi
fcir= Kcir*[Pi/Ag+Pi*e2/Ig]Mg*e/Ig(PCIEq.4.7.3.3) Kcir= 0.9 forpretensionedmembers Pi= 247,860 lbs Ag= 254 squareinches e= 0 inches inches4 Ig= 5,461 Mg= fcir= ES= 6,869 psi 0 878 kip kip*inches inches psi
CreepofConcrete(CR) CR=Kcr(Eps/Ec)(fcir+fcds) PCIEq.4.7.3.4
Kcr= 2.0 NormalWeightConcrete Ec= 4,074,281 psi fcds= Pd/Ag+Msd(e)/IgPCIEq.4.7.3.5 Msd= 0 kip*inches fcds= 984 psi
CR=
26,057
psi
ShrinkageofConcrete(SH) SH=(8.2x106)KshEps(10.06V/S)(100R.H.) PCIEq.4.7.3.6 Ksh= V/S= R.H.= psi 1.0 4.00 75 forpretensionedmembers inches %PCIFig.3.10.12
SH=
4,440

16"x16"Pile,Type A
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A_06
5700IH 35South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX78666,phone,512.396.2376,www.he l denfel s .com
Sample Calculations
Precast/PrestressedPiling:PrestressLossCalculations PrestressLosses(continued) RelaxationofTendons(RE) RE=[KreJ(SH+CR+ES)]C PCIEq.4.7.3.7 PCI6thEd.Handbook4.7.3
5,000 for270ksi,LolaxStrand PCITable4.7.3.1 J= 0.040 for270ksi,LolaxStrand PCITable4.7.3.1 fpi/fpu= 0.75 C= 1.00 SeeTableBelow
Kre=
RE=
3,505
psi ForLolaxStrand fpi/fpu CValue 0.80 1.28 0.79 1.22 0.78 1.16 0.77 1.11 0.76 1.05 0.75 1.00 0.95 0.74 0.73 0.90 0.72 0.85 0.71 0.80 0.70 0.75 0.69 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.67 0.61 0.66 0.57 0.65 0.53 0.64 0.49 0.63 0.45 0.62 0.41 0.37 0.61 0.60 0.33
TotalLosses,TL TL= 40,871
psi

16"x16"Pile,Type A
2/12/2010
BY SHEET
cK Structural
16x16A_07
5700IH 35South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX78666,phone,512.386.2376,www.he l denfel s .com

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PRESTRESSED PILING

TECHNICAL DETAILS AND SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

0 0.0 100 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

5700IH 35South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX78666,phone ,512.396.2376,www.hel denfel s .com

145 6000 4000 4,463,151 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

5700IH 35 South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX 78666,phone,512.396.2376, www.hel denfel s .com

145 7000 4000 4,820,754 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

0 0.0 100 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 6000 4000 4,463,151 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

5700IH 35 South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX 78666,phone,512.396.2376, www.hel denfel s .com

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

5700IH 35South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX78666,phone ,512.396.2376,www.hel denfel s .com

145 7000 4000 4,820,754 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

5700IH 35 South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX 78666,phone,512.396.2376, www.hel denfel s .com

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

5700IH 35South,Sa n Ma rcos ,TX78666,phone ,512.396.2376,www.hel denfel s .com

145 5000 4000 4,074,281 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

600 500 400

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 7000 4000 4,820,754 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

800 700 600 500

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 5000 4000 4,074,281 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

800 700 600 500

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 7000 4000 4,820,754 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 6000 4000 4,463,151 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 8000 4500 5,153,603 3,865,202

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 6000 4000 4,463,151 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 8000 4500 5,153,603 3,865,202

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc.

145 5000 4000 4,074,281 3,644,147

pcf(concreteweight) psi(28dayConcreteCompressiveStrength) psi(RequiredConcreteReleaseStrength) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityat28days) psi(concretemodulusofelasticityattransferofprestress)