The Windows XP Boot Process Sequence

9/16/13
The Windows XP Boot Process Sequence
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Who doesn't use MS Windows? yes, MS Windows! An operating system which has approximately 93% of the market share of the client operating systems. Among all, Windows XP is one of the most popular user friendly operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, and media centers. It was released in 2001. The name "XP" is short for "eXPerience". I am not here to give you a description about the windows XP. Every windows user knows it very well. I am here to tell you what procedures bring your favourite OS into working condition right from computer power on to XP's desktop look. There are five major sequences that occur during the Windows XP Professional boot Process.
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Pre-Boot---->Boot----->kernel load----->Kernel Initialisation---->Logon 1) PRE-BOOT SEQUENCE The pre-boot sequence begins when the power is turned on. The computer runs Power-On Self Test(POST) routines to determine the amount of physical memory and the other hardware components present. If the computer has a plug and play BIOS, the hardware is recognized and configured. The computer's BIOS locates the boot device, and then loads and runs the Master Boot Record(MBR).
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2)BOOT SEQUENCE The boot sequence is when the operating system is selected, and the hardware configuration is detected and loaded. It has four sub-phases: Initial Boot Loader, Operating System Selection, Hardware Detection, and Configuration Selection. The boot sequence uses six files during its four sub-phases: Ntldr, Boot.ini ,Ntdetect.com, Ntoskrnl.exe,Ntbootdd.sys, and the optional Bootsect.dos file. a) During the Initial Boot Loader phase, the operating system loader file, Ntldr, switches the microprocessor from the real mode, in which 640k of
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RAM is reserved for MS-DOS and rest is designated as extended memory, to 32-bit flat memory mode, in which Windows XP Professional uses all of the available memory.Ntldr starts the build-in mini-file system drivers, so that it can find partitions formatted to FAT or to NTFS and begin the startup process on them. b)During the Operating System Selection Phase, if there are multiple operating systems installed on the computer, and the Boot.ini file is configured to present a list of operating systems, the Please select operating System To Start menu appears so that the user can select a system. If Windows XP is choosen, Ntldr runs Ntdetect.com. If a nonwindows operating system is chosen, Ntldr runs Bootsect. dos and relinquishes control of the system. If the user makes no selection, the default operating system loads.
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c)During the Hardware Detection phase, Ntdetect.com collects a list of currently installed hardware components and returns the list to Ntldr. This list will later be used to create the Hardware key in the registry. The components detected include bus and adaptor types, video adaptors, communications posrts, parallel ports, floating-point coprocessors, removable media, keyboards, and pointing devices. d) During the Configuration Selection Phase, if the computer has multiple hardware profiles configured, Ntldr displays the Hardware Profile/Configuration Recovery menu. Otherwise, Windows XP loads using the default hardware profile. 3)KERNEL LOAD SEQUENCE During the kernel load sequence, the operating system components are loaded into memory. Ntldr loads Ntoskrnl.exe, containing the Windows XP kernel, but does not inilialize it. Ntldr then loads the HAL.dll file. Next, the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM registry key loads, and Ntldr reads the SELECT key to determine which control set to load. Control sets are areas of the registry that contain the low-level configuration for the system, such as the list of device drivers and services to start. If the system includes any BIOS-disabled SCSI drives. Windows XP will load Ntbootdd.sys device driver 4) KERNEL INITIALISATION SEQUENCE During the kernel initiation sequence, the windows XP Professional kernel takes control of the system. Ntldr passes control to the windows XP kernel. At the point, the Microsoft WindowsXP logo appears, along with a status bar. During this sequence:-
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a) The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE registry key is created from the information gathered in the hardware detection phase. b) A copy of the current control set, called clone, is created. c) Device drivers are loaded and initialized based on the entries in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Servic es key. First, drivers with a registry Start value of 0 load, then drivers with a Start value of 1. d) Next, the session Manager starts higher-order subsytems and services. This includes the Win32 subsystem, which controls all input/output devices, provides access to the video display, and enables the Graphical User Interface (GUI). The Session Manager also starts the Winlogon process.
5)LOGON SEQUENCE During the logon sequence, Winlogon.exe starts the Local Security Authority (LSA), and the Logon screen or logon dialog box appears. Users can now log on, while Windows XP continues to load low-level drivers and services in the background. The boot procedure is considered complete when a user successfully logs on. The Clone control set built is copied to a new control set called LastKnownGood, thus preserving a copy of the settings in the successful boot sequence.
[note:- the blog has been extracted from my own blog techgeek.in)
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The Windows XP Boot Process Sequence

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9/16/13