INVESTIGATING MATERIALS LA : 1. FOOD PRESERVATION spoilt food is unsafe to eat.

The characteristics of spoilt food : a) unpleasant smell b) unpleasant taste c) change colour d) change texture e) mouldy

1.

1.1 Understanding food spoilage

microorganisms can spoil food bacteria and fungi. Bacteria and fungi grow well on damp foods that are exposed to the air.

Tthe conditions for microorganisms to grow : a ) air b) nutrient c) water d) suitable temperature ( 5C - 65 C ) e) Suitable acidity

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS LA : 1. FOOD PRESERVATION

BoilingMethod the heat kills most bacteria. However, those not affected by heat will grow when the conditions are suitable.

DryingMethodExamples- the removal of water from food substancesa) by leaving it in the sun b) by heating it in the oven c) by heatin it with a flame

CoolingMethodExamples- in a cool condition, bacteria become inactive and do not reproduce or give off poisonous gases.a) by storing food in a cool place such as a refrigerator

Fish, prawn, cuttlefish, fruits

Vegetables,fruits, Eggs, milk

1.2 Synthesising the concept of food preservation

FreezingMethodExamples- to keep / store food in a freezer Vacuum packingMethodExamples- the removal of air from the package where food is kept.a) by sealing the food in airtight packages Peanuts, powdered milk, crackers, fruits PicklingMethodExamples- reduces the water content. - food will last longer but the taste and nutrient content will be differenta) by soaking food in : - vinegar, salt solution, sugar solution onions, chillies, nutmegs, mangoes, cherries, papaya - preserves the quality and nutrient content of the fooda) by keeping it frozen at a temperature of -10 C.

Fish, prawn, cuttlefish, chicken

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS LA : 1. FOOD PRESERVATION

PasteurisingMethodExamples- the process that can destroy microorganisms in milk, ice cream and fruit juice.- the food is heated quickly for a few seconds. Orange juice, milk SaltingMethodExamples- the age-old way of preserving food. - the salt draws out moisture and prevents microorganisms from growing. a) by adding a large amount of salt to the food. - food are gutted, washed and coarse salt is rubbed into it.

Bottling / canningMethodExamples- the process where food is boiled before putting it in airtight cans or bottles.a) by heating and then sealing it in an airtight container Meat, fish, fruits, vegetables

1.2 Synthesising the concept of food preservation

Fish, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits

SmokingMethodExamples- the process of dry\ing food with smoke for a long period of time. - a) the food is hung over a fire to dry it ( but does not cook the food) - the smoke changes the taste of the food Meat, fish, bananas

WaxingMethodExamples- the process of covering food with wax which is obtained from plant and petroleum sources or from beef fat.a) by dipping the food into liquid wax.

* waxing can be harmful to human. Bananas, oranges, tomatoes, chillies, cucumber

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS LA : 1. FOOD PRESERVATION

1.3 Realising the importance of preserving food.

The food will last longer

The food is easy to store

To reduce wastage of food

Investigating The Earth And The Universe

Eclipses

1.1 Moon

1.2 Sun

The moon appear dark when the earth blocks the sunlight from reaching the moon

Definition

The moon blocks the sunlight from reaching from the earth

Sun Earth Moon

Position

Sun Moon - Earth

The earth between the moon and sun The earth, The earth and the moon in straight line

Courses

The moon between the earth and the sun The earth, The earth and the moon in straight line

Time Night Day

Investigating Technology
Machine

1.1

Understanding simple machine

1.2 Analysing a complex machine

1.3 Appreciating the invention of Machine Predict how life is without machines

What is machine?

types of simple Machine

Identify simple machines in a complex machine

A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster

1. screw 2. gear 3. lever 4. pulley 5. wedge 6. inclined plane 7. wheel and axle

* scissors wedge, lever,screw * puncher lever, wedge, screw * step ladder inclined plane, screw * hand drill * remote control car * mechanical pencil sharpener

Advantages of machines - helps us doing our job faster, easier, conveniently

Design a machine to solve a problem