ADJUSTABLE

Having linear adjustment capability (usually with threads).

ADJUSTMENT DEVICE
Components which provide for linear adjustability (e.g.) Turn-buckle, Hanger Rod, Nut, and Load Coupling.

ALL THREAD ROD

A rod threaded its full length. Alloy Pipe Clamp:A Pipe Clamp made from low chrome-moly (less than 5% chrome) materials for the purpose of resisting the effects of piping temperatures in the 750 degree F. to 1,100 degree F range.

ANCHOR
A rigid device used to prevent essentially all pipe rotation and displacement at the point of application.

ANCHOR BOLTS
Threaded items used to attach embed plates into concrete on structural supports.

BARRED TEE
Bars are placed on the internal side of a tee or really any branch connection big enough to sidetrack a pig while traveling down a pipeline.

Band Hanger:A Pipe Attachment providing for vertical adjustment, consisting principally of a formed steel strap. Beam Clamp:A type of forged or fabricated clamp that is used to attach rod hangers to beams by clamping onto the load flange. Big Ton Spring:A
multi-spring coil device that lends itself to supporting very high loads and providing a great amount of stability.

BATTERY LIMIT
In a refinery plant, units,such as crude distillation unit,amine regeneration unit and others are separated such that we can identified the process flow that are directly related to that of specific unit (in a way, easy for each unit to be monitored). in that case,boundary for each unit is required.this boundary is somehow called battery limits. inside and outside battery limits simply mean

inside and outside units' boundaries.actually, boundary is not the proper word for this.

BRIDLE (STAND PIPE)

Bridle, also named stand pipe, is a vertical pipe connected to the process tank or vessel so that the level of process liquid within bridle is always equal to the level of process liquid within tank or vessel. Bridle is intended for installation of multiple level transmitter such as level gauge or level transmitter. These level instrumentation are installed to the bridle instead of the vessel or tank. The use of bridle for level transmitter reduces the number of nozzles on the vessel or tank. If each level instruments has two nozzles, then they require six nozzles on the vessel. However by using bridle, the number of nozzle that should be provided on the vessel or tank is only two (or three) for the bridle. Bridle is commonly constructed from 4 pipe and provided with vent and drain connection for maintenance. Below picture shows bridle and its level instrumentation attached to.

Bracket:Cantilevered

member, with or without a kneebrace, designed to withstand a gravity load and/or horizontal forces.

Bulk Material:Material

which has been packaged in a manner in which identical items are grouped together and are identified only by quantity, size and/or manufacturer's figure number.

Caisson
In geotechnical engineering, a caisson is a watertight retaining structure used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, or for the repair of ships. These are constructed such that the water can be pumped out, keeping the working environment dry. When piers are to be built using an open caisson and it is not practical to reach suitable soil, friction pilings may be driven to form a

suitable sub-foundation. These piles are connected by a foundation pad upon which the column pier is erected.

DEADLEG
1. "Any section of pipework or a vessel where the rate of flow is very low or zero" 2. "Section of pipe work or vessel which contain liquid under stagnant condition or where there is no measurable flow" 3. "Any unused length of pipe longer than six diameters of the unused pipe measured from the axis of the pipe in use" 4. "A pipe branch that under normal operating conditions does not experience operational flow"." Lokasi pipa yg menjadi deadleg umumnya : 1. Drains pipework at the base of vessels 2. Bridle Pipework 3. Pipework sections that are used intermittently e.g. bypass lines and nonoperating sections of spaded equipment

4. A section of pipework not in the normal flow, isolated from the normal flow e.g. obsolete lines

but

which

cannot

be

5. Pipework sections upstream or downstream of a closed valve where the intention is to keep the valve closed 6. Lowest sections of pipework runs where it is not possible to drain completely 7. Process pipework associated with a vessel, upstream of the first closed valve.

Elbow 45
A 45 degree elbow "long radius" (LR) has a centerline curvature equal to 1-1/2 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) for 3/4 inch and larger sizes. A 45 degree elbow "long radius, long tangent" is a long radius (LR) with the centerline curvature equal to 1-1/2 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) and a straight extension at both ends (long tangent) for 2 inch and larger sizes. Tangent elbows provide a straight length at the end to accept a Slip-on Flange. The tangent end for the flange is not beveled. A 45 degree elbow "three radius" is a long radius (LR) with the centerline curvature equal to 3 times the nominal pipe size (NPS).

Elbow 90
A 90 degree elbow "long radius" (LR) has a centerline curvature equal to 1-1/2 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) for 3/4 inch and larger sizes. A 90 degree elbow "short radius" (SR) has a centerline curvature equal to 1 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) for 1 inch and larger sizes. A 90 degree elbow "long radius, long tangent" is a long radius (LR) with the centerline curvature equal to 1-1/2 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) and a straight extension at both ends (long tangent) for 2 inch and larger sizes. Tangent elbows provide a straight length at the end to accept a Slip-on Flange. The tangent end for the flange is not beveled. A 90 degree elbow "short radius, long tangent" is a short radius (SR) with the centerline curvature equal to 1 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) and a straight extension at both ends (long tangent) for 8 inch and larger sizes. Tangent elbows provide a straight length at the end to accept a Slip-on Flange. The tangent end for the flange is not beveled. A 90 degree elbow "three radius" is a long radius (LR) with the centerline curvature equal to 3 times the nominal pipe size (NPS).

Elbow 180 Return

A 180 degree return "long radius" (LR) has a centerline curvature equal to 11/2 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) for 3/4 inch and larger sizes. A 180 degree return "short radius" (SR) has a centerline curvature equal to 1 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) for 1 inch and larger sizes.

FIELD WELD (FW) & FIELD FIT WELD (FFW)

there are two types of field welds: A field weld (FW), and a field fit-up weld (FFW). The difference between a FW and a FFW weld is that an additional length of pipe is added to the calculated dimension at a FFW for field trim allowance . No such allowance is provided at a FW. As Paul has said, this extra length can vary. I usually add 150mm. Check with your piping lead as to what has been decided for your project. The considerations are: 1. Avoid field weld locations that will be difficult or impossible for a welder to get to.Avoid horizontal welding (field weld in a vertical pipe). Horizontal welding poses the most problems for the welders. Molten metal tends to run downward and requires extra care to overcome this difficulty. Avoid FW and FFW

welds in 450 vertical piping also. It is preferable to place FW and FFW welds in horizontal piping. 2. Consider the threading of spools through floor, wall, and platform penetrations, and threading of spools into existing areas, particularly existing pipe racks. Extra field welds may be required to achieve this. 3. Strategically place FFW welds, e.g. in the horizontal piping between equipment in parallel, such as exchangers and pumps. Exact distances possible in the models between vessels, pumps, steel supports, foundations, etc., are unlikely to be so precise in the field. Therefore a FFW is introduced for a final hook-up, whereby the field erector takes a field measurement and trims the extra pipe to the required length. 5. Make FW and FFW placement consistent for similarly run piping configurations.

GOLDEN JOINT
GOLDEN JOINT ITU ISTILAH KALAU KITA MELAKUKAN LAS BARU TP LINE TERSEBUT GA USAH DI HYDROTEST (BIASANYA TERJADI PADA TIE-IN POINT HOOK UP YG FACINGNYA WELD BUKAN FLANGE) GOLDEN JOINT : 100% RADIOGRAPHY, 100% PENETRANT TEST.

Mitered Elbow
A mitered elbow is fabricated from pipe and is not a fitting. A miter is used for larger pipes, where pressure drop is not important and cost is a factor. A 2 piece 90 degree miter has 4 to 6 times hydraulic resistance of the corresponding long radius elbow. A 3 piece, 90 degree miter has about double the resistance. The normal number of miter pieces used are 3, 4, or 5.

ORIFICE PLATE
The orifice plate is described as a thin plate and with sharp edge, because the thickness of the plate material is small compared with the internal diameter of the measuring aperture (bore) and because the upstream edge of the measuring aperture is sharp and square. Plates should not be bent or have any nicks in the internal bore, this will create an error in the data. Information about the plate should be stamped where it can be easily identified after installation. Orifice plates have data stamped on upstream face. Following installation, care should be taken to ensure the gasket does not protrude into the flow area. Pressure Taps should be on the top or side of a pipe to prevent sediment/partials from settling in them.

PWHT (POST-HEAT WELD TREATMENT)

Proses Heat Treatment pada proses pengelasan dilakukan adalah untuk menghindari terjadinya keretakan pada saat pengelasan atau setelah pengelasan akibat pengaruh panas. Keretakan-keretakan itu dapat diakibatkan terjadinya perubahan struktur mikro di sekitar daerah las, atau dapat juga akibat terjadinya deformasi.Kebutuhan PWHT didefinisikan dengan jelas pada ASME section IX dan juga AWS D1.1

PULSATION DAMPERS
Pulsation

dampers are normal applied immediately downstream of reciprocating, positive displacement (PD) pumps. Whether simplex metering pumps or large triplex machines, reciprocating PD pumps produce pulsating flows. And with each pulsation comes a resultant pressure peak. These pressure peaks may not be desirable in a given piping system, therefore the need for pulsation dampers.

Generally, the application of pulsation dampers is based onone or more of the following criteria: To prevent potential pipe hammer / vibration To reduce the load on the pump itself To minimize or instrumentation eliminate pulsations for the benefit of downstream

Or to minimize or eliminate pulsations as a dictate of process

In these instances, the size of the pulsation dampers relative to the displaced volume per stroke of the pump, limits pressure peaks to a pre-determined level. A gas charge pressure of nominally 80% of mean system pressure is separated from the process fluid by some sort of membrane, e.g.elastomeric bladder, diaphragm, or bellows. In actuality, these devices work much like a filter in a power supply as it converts the ripple of a rectified sine wave into dc current

Pup
A pup is a short length of pipe, typically six inches in length or less that connects two piping components.

RING SPACER
Ring spacers are bored to the matching pipe ID and are the same thickness as the "single blind" that it replaces. When removing a "single blind", either the flange and associated piping must be pulled together to seal the line, or a "ring spacer" must be installed to fill the gap. Thick single blinds or rigid piping systems normally require ring spacers.

SNUBBERS
Snubbers are restraining devices used to control the movement of pipe and equipment during abnormal dynamic conditions such as earthquakes, turbine trips, safety/relief valve discharge and rapid valve closure. The design of a snubber allows free thermal movement of a component during normal operation conditions, but restrains the component in abnormal conditions.

STEAM TRAPS
A steam trap is a device which distinguishes between water and steam and automatically opens a valve to allow water to pass out but which closes to steam and traps it.

Traps are of three broad kinds. Those which distinguish water from steam owing to the difference in density of the two these are mechanical types; those which distinguish by means of temperature these are thermostatic types; and those which use velocity differences between steam and water these are thermodynamic types. The steam pressures at which steam traps must operate may be anywhere from vacuum to the highest in practical use. The quantity of condensate which steam traps have to discharge on different jobs may vary from a trickle to a flood. They may have to be suitable for saturated steam or for superheated steam. They may have to discharge condensate at steam temperature, as soon as it forms in the steam space: or they may have to discharge it below steam temperature, after it has given up some of its sensible heat units. There are about 40 steam trap manufacturers in the world today, but only few recognize the principles of operating, and out of the 40 manufacturers, probably ten share the greatest percentage of total sales volume. It is, therefore, obvious that many steam trap manufacturers produce the same type of product with slight design variations that, they claim, have exclusive advantages over others. The purpose of this website is not to identify particular manufacturers, but rather, identify the basic operating principles to help educate the marketplace.

SPECTACLE BLIND
A spectacle blind is a safety device used to isolate a section of line or piece of equipment when the line or equipment needs to be inspected or removed from service. It is different than a valve in that the blind is a permanent or long term isolation device. A spectacle blind is machined from a single piece of metal that is cut to match the pipe size, fit between two pipe flanges and requires an additional gasket when it is installed. Also, the bolts will need to be lengthened depending on what piping class and size blind is used. The thickness of the spectacle blind is specified based on the line pressure and pipe size. The specification that determines the dimensions of a spectacle blinds is ASME B16.48 - Line Blanks. A line blank conforming to this standard will be marked in the following way: B16 Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Nominal Pressure Class Material Manufacturer's Name If RTJ, the ring number

One end of the blind will have an opening to allow flow through the pipe during operation and the other end is solid to block flow during maintenance. A spec blind is a combination of a ring spacer and single blind. They are usually permanently installed in a piping system and rotated as needed.

Spec Blind - line open

Spec Blind - line closed

SWAY BRACE
A sway brace is a device used for controlling vibration, absorbing shock loadings; guiding or restraining the movement of pipe resulting from thermal expansion; bracing a pipe line against sway.

SINGLE/LINE BLIND OR BLANK

A positive shut-off device normally installed adjacent to, or in conjunction with, a valve. Their purpose is to prevent accidental flow through a pipeline

to a vessel. With the exception of cast iron, plastic, or fiberglass services, they are not drilled with bolt holes, but fit inside the bolt circle of mating flanges. Pipeline blinds or blanks are not the same as bolting blind flanges. Single blinds ues standard gaskets. A combination of a "single blind' and a "ring spacer" can be fabricated for field convenience as a single unit. Weight consideration and the associated difficulty of handling heavy pieces in the field are a primary consideration in specifying a "spectacle blind" or a combination of blinds. Spectacle blinds are meant to be rotated to change blind/spacer orientation.

Single Random Length

Single Random Length is abbreviated as SRL is line pipe with a 17.5' (almost 6 m) minimum average length or as defined by specifications. For example, pipe that has been manufactured to ASTM A-53 will have a SRL length of 16' - 22' of length.

Street Elbow
A street ell is an elbow that is threaded with a female connection on one side and a male connection on the other. This is usually used when there are space constraints since it does not need a nipple attached to the output to convert the sex of the connection. A "street ell" may have gotten it's name because it describes a 90 degree fitting particularly useful in tight, street ditches. When installing water pipes under a street, or from a water service, again under the street, into a home or business, this street ell allows one to change pipe direction with one less fitting, and in less space, than with a standard ell.

1/8" SIZE mm
A

1/4" mm in

3/8" mm in

1/2" mm in

3/4" mm in

1" mm in

1-1/4" mm in

1-1/2" mm in

2" mm in

2-1/2" mm in

3" mm in

4" mm in

in

20.57 0.81 20.57 0.81 23.62 0.93 28.45 1.12 33.27 1.31 38.1

1.5 44.45 1.75 49.02 1.93 57.15 2.25 68.07 2.68 77.72 3.06 96.77 3.81

B (Min.) 6.35 0.25 8.13 0.32 9.14 0.36 10.92 0.43 12.7 E (Min.) 5.08 G 0.2 5.08 0.2

0.5 14.73 0.58 17.02 0.67 17.78 0.7 19.05 0.75 23.37 0.92 24.89 0.98 27.43 1.08 0.3 8.64 0.34 9.4 0.87 10.67 0.42 12.19 0.48 13.97 0.55 16.76 0.66 6.6 0.26

5.33 0.21 6.35 0.25 6.86 0.27 7.62 0.1 2.54 0.1 3.05 0.12 3.3

2.29 0.09 2.29 0.09 2.54

0.13 3.56 0.14 3.81 0.15 4.32 0.17 5.33 0.21 5.84 0.23 4

H (Min.) 19.05 0.75 21.34 0.84 25.65 1.01 30.48 1.2 37.08 1.46 44.96 1.77 54.61 2.15 61.72 2.43 75.18 2.96 84.07 3.31 101.6 J L (Min.) 26.92 1.06 29.97 1.18 36.32 1.43 41.15 1.62 47.5 1.87 53.85 2.12 63.5 6.6

128.52 5.06

2.5 69.85 2.75 82.55 3.25 98.3 3.87 114.3 4.5 144.27 5.68 33.02 1.3 3.7 lb

0.26 10.16 0.4 10.41 0.41 13.46 0.53 13.97 0.55 17.27 0.68 18.03 0.71 18.29 0.72 19.3 0.76 28.96 1.14 30.48 1.2 0.2 lb 6.6 kg 0.26 lb 9.4 kg

N (Max.) 5.08 kg Weight

0.37 12.95 0.51 17.53 0.69 23.11 0.91 30.23 1.19 35.31 1.39 45.47 1.79 55.88 2.2 70.61 2.78 93.98 lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg

0.028 0.062 0.037 0.082 0.058 0.128 0.099 0.218 0.163 0.359 0.285 0.628 0.417 0.919 0.573 1.263 0.947 2.088 1.606 3.541 2.405 5.302 4.281 9.438

TEST BLANKS
A test blank is specially designed blank used for hydrostatic or other incompressible fluid testing purposes only. Their advantage is cost and weight savings since higher allowable stress values (or lower safety factors) are used in their design. An orifice plate measures the flow of a liquid or gas by the difference in pressure from the upstream to the downstream. This plate creates a restriction in a pipe that causes a difference in pressure between the two sides. A meter then measures the difference in pressure across the orifice plate. The plates should be installed in a straight run of pipe in order to avoid turbulance at the plate. The upstream side is longer than the downstream in order to straighten the flow before the plate. It is calculated at so many diameters of pipe, 10D, 12D, ect. for the length. Orifice plates are used between Orifice Flanges and are part of an Orifice Meters.

VAPOR BLIND
Similar to a "single blind", but thinner, normally 1/8" (3mm) to 5/16" (8mm) thick. These are positive sealing devices intended to prevent accidental flow or leakage of vapors into a pipeline or vessel, usually while the system is in service. Vapor blinds are not to be subject to differential pressure.