Energy

What is Energy?

That which helps in doing work is Energy

Forms of energy

Heat

Light

Sound

Magnetic

Electricity

Chemical

Sources of energy
Biggest source of energy is our Sun Some other sources are
Coal Wood Wind Water Food Electricity

Primary Sources of Energy Secondary Sources of Energy

Sources of energy
Conventional sources
Coal Oil Gas

Non- conventional sources

Solar Wind Agricultural waste Forestry waste Biofuel

These sources of energy are being used as fuel for very long time

They are known as conventional sources of energy

These sources have not been traditionally used as Energy source However, these sources will always be available in nature and are renewable Hence it is best to use nonconventional sources Example Hydro-electric power project located at Koyna dam in Maharashtra

SOLAR WATER HEATER

FLAT PLATE CONNECTOR

It is the most common type of collector used for solar water heating. Insulated, weather-proof box containing a dark absorber plate under a transparent cover. Heat absorbed is transferred to the tubes, which carry water or the working fluid. The efficiency of the system can be increased by adding an additional glass plate. The temp. Of water achieved is around 80 C.

Evacuated tube collector

Made up of transparent, parallel glass tube. Each tube consists glass outer tube and an inner tube or absorber. It is not very common.

Concentrating Collector

Also called Parabolic focussing Collector. Usually made up of parabolic shaped mirror that concentrates the suns energy On the absorber tube.

SOLAR CONCENTRATORS

Thermosyphon System
It uses a flat plate collector and a separate storage that is located higher than the collector level. The storage tank may or may not use a heat exchanger. It is more costly and complex in manufacturing.

The solar cell

A solar cell is made using thin disc made of pure silicon Solar energy is converted into electricity in the solar cell

SOLAR CELLS - HOUSES

SOLAR POWER PLANT

Active Solar Water Heating

An active system uses an electric pump to circulate water through the system. There are five major systems in active solar water heating:1. Solar collector 2. Circulation System 3. Storage Tank 4. Backup Heating System 5. Control System

Direct Systems
Two types:1. Drain down 2. Re-collecting In the re-circulating system , heated water from the storage tank is pumped through the collectors when the temperature drops to a set value.

DIRECT SYSTEM

Re-circulating type direct Solar Heating System

INDIRECT SYSTEMS

Drain-back hot water system

Indirect System
The drain back system uses distilled water as the working fluid. The collectors in this system will have the distilled water in them when the pump is operating.

FOSSIL FUEL
Fuels which are Solid Fuels formed underground Liquid Fuels from plant and animal Gaseous Fuels remains millions of years ago,are called as fossil fuels.

Solid Fuels
Coal is the principal solid energy source. Originated from vegetable matter, which grew millions of years ago and buried. Charcoal and Coke are prepared solid fuels According to order of formation, coal is called peat, lignite. Sub-bituminous, bituminous, sub anthracite, anthracite with increasing % of carbon.