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http://foxhugh.com/multicultural/hofstede-index/cross-cultural-organizational-behavior-andhofstedes-cultural-dimensions/
1.0) Power Distance Index (PDI)
PDI is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the
family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more
versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of
inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of
course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international
experience will be aware that 'all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others.
China (80), Thailand (64), US (40), Japan (54), World Average (55)
1.1) Egalitarian vs. Hierarchical
1.2) China is more ________ than Thailand.
1.3) The US is more _______ than China.
1.4) Thailand is more ______ than Japan.
1.5) Thailand is more ______ that the World Average.
1.6) China is less ________ than Thailand.
1.7) The US is less_______ than China.
1.8) Thailand is less ______ than Japan.
1.9) Thailand is less______ that the World Average.
1.10) How do you think PDI affects leadership, overall?
1.11) If your boss asks for your opinion, that is negative, then what should you do?
1.12) What sort of school issues should be voted on by the students, if any?
1.13) Your boss is about to release a statement in English to a newspaper. You notice several
mistakes in the statement. Your English is actually better than her English since you have
studied in an English speaking country but she hasnt. What should you do?
MAS versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which
is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM
studies revealed that (a) women's values differ less among societies than men's values; (b) men's
values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and
maximally different from women's values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to
women's values on the other. The assertive pole has been called 'masculine' and the modest,
caring pole 'feminine'.
China (50), Thailand (34), US (62), Japan (94), World Average (50)
3.1) Masculine versus Feminine
3.2) China is more ________ than Thailand.
3.3) The US is more _______ than China.
3.4) Thailand is more ______ than Japan.
3.5) Thailand is more ______ that the World Average.
3.6) China is less ________ than Thailand.
3.7) The US is less_______ than China.
3.8) Thailand is less ______ than Japan.
3.9) Thailand is less______ that the World Average.
3.10) One of your employees has a sick mother and has been absent or late almost every other
work day for more than a month. What should you do?
3.11) Is a company like a family or not?
adaptation. In short term oriented societies, values promoted are related to the past and the
present, including steadiness, respect for tradition, preservation of one's face, reciprocation and
fulfilling social obligations.
China (118), Thailand (44), US (29), Japan (80H), World Average (45)
5.1) Long-Term Orientation versus Short-Term Orientation
5.2) China has a more ________ than Thailand.
5.3) The US has a more _______ than China.
5.4) Thailand has a more ______ than Japan.
5.5) Thailand has a more ______ that the World Average.
5.6) China has a less ________ than Thailand.
5.7) The US has a less_______ than China.
5.8) Thailand has a less ______ than Japan.
5.9) Thailand has a less______ that the World Average.
5.10) You have job offers from two companies. One company is very stable and large and is
offering a low starting salary and is famous for having low salaries compared to other companies
but offers life time employment. The other company is new and much smaller and is offering a
much higher starting salary. The new company may or may not be around in two years in your
opinion. Which company should you work for?
human drives related to enjoying life and having fun. Restraint stands for a society that
suppresses gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms.
Indulgence as a cultural value also tends towards a perception of personal life control, while
restraint as a cultural value tends towards a perception of helplessness and that what happens in
one's life is beyond his/her own control.
Clinicians may find that, in response to a disability, individuals from a culture of indulgence feel
that they have control over their future level of function and participation in life activities;
meanwhile, individuals from a background of cultural restraint may have a sense of helplessness
and be less actively involved in taking control over their involvement in functional activities
outside of the clinic.
Additionally, in cultures valuing restraint, leisure activities are of lesser value, which may prove
important to consider in selecting functional therapy activities. Cultures valuing indulgence place
higher importance on leisure and so activities considered enjoyable may be more appropriate for
individuals with this cultural trait.
China (24), Thailand (45), US (68), Japan (42)
6.1) Indulgence versus Restraint
6.2) China has more ________ than Thailand.
6.3) The US has more _______ than China.
6.4) Thailand has more ______ than Japan.
6.5) China has less ________ than Thailand.
6.6) The US has less_______ than China.
6.7) Thailand has less ______ than Japan.