ONSHORE GAS RECEIVING PLANT

Numero de Documento ES021682-000-JSD-0001-0001-Rev B

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 11
1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS D OCUMENT ........................................................................................... 12
1.2 DESIGN BASES INPUT ....................................................................................................... 12
1.3 ONSHORE GAS PROCESSING STRATEGY.............................................................................. 12
2.0 GENERAL INFORMATION.............................................................................................. 14
2.1 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... 14
2.2 UNITS ............................................................................................................................. 16
2.3 LANGUAGE ....................................................................................................................... 16
2.4 FLUID DESIGNATION PHILOSOPHY ...................................................................................... 16
2.5 EQUIPMENT DESIGNATION PHILOSOPHY............................................................................... 18
2.6 LINE DESIGNATION PHILOSOPHY......................................................................................... 20
3.0 CODES, STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS . 21
3.1 DOCUMENT APPLICABILITY................................................................................................. 21
3.2 LISTS OF DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................................... 21
4.0 HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY DESIGN.......................................................... 22
4.1 AIR, LAND AND SEA DISCHARGES ....................................................................................... 22
4.2 NOISE ............................................................................................................................. 22
4.3 HOT AND COLD SURFACE PROTECTION ............................................................................... 22
4.4 ESCAPE ROUTES AND REFUGE AREAS................................................................................. 22
4.5 ESCAPE EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................... 22
5.0 SECURITY AND LOSS PREVENTION DESIGN............................................................... 23
5.1 SECURITY......................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 LOSS PREVENTION............................................................................................................ 23
5.2.1 FIRE PREVENTION PHILOSOPHY........................................................................................ 23
5.2.2 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM................................................................................... 24

5.2.3 FIREFIGHTING SYSTEMS.................................................................................................. 25

5.2.4 FIRE WATER STORAGE.................................................................................................... 27
5.2.5 FIRE WATER PUMPS ....................................................................................................... 27
5.2.6 FIRE WATER PIPING AND SYSTEM PRESSURIZATION ............................................................ 27
5.2.7 FIRE HYDRANT MONITORS AND HOSE REELS ...................................................................... 28
5.2.8 WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS ................................................................................................. 28
5.2.9 BUILDING FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS............................................................................. 29
5.2.10 FOAM SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................... 29
5.2.11 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ................................................................................................... 29
5.2.12 FIRE PROOFING ........................................................................................................... 30
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOTECHNICAL DATA............................................................ 31
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK........................................................................................... 31
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA ...................................................................................................... 31
6.3 GEOTECHNICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA [2] ................................................................... 32
6.3.1 PRELIMINARY TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND SOIL MECHANICS STUDY ..................................... 32
6.3.2 SEISMIC REGIONALIZATION.............................................................................................. 34
6.4 SITE L OCATION [2] ............................................................................................................ 35
6.4.1 LATITUDE, L ONGITUDE AND HEIGHT C OORDINATES FOR THE PRELIMINARY POLYGON OF STUDY:
35
6.4.2 GEODETIC C OORDINATES FOR THE PRELIMINARY POLYGON OF STUDY: ................................ 36
7.0 FACILITY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................... 37
7.1 DESIGN L IFE..................................................................................................................... 37
7.2 CAPACITY ........................................................................................................................ 37
7.2.1 FEED GAS FLOW RATE .................................................................................................... 37
7.2.2 LIQUID FLOW RATE ......................................................................................................... 37
7.2.3 SOLIDS ......................................................................................................................... 37
7.3 AVAILABILITY .................................................................................................................... 37
7.4 OPERABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY.................................................................................... 38

7.5 SPARING PHILOSOPHY...................................................................................................... 38

8.0 DESIGN DATA............................................................................................................... 39
8.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESERVOIR [1], [5] ..................................................................... 39
8.2 FIELD PRODUCTION PROFILE ............................................................................................. 39
8.3 INLET FEED STREAM.......................................................................................................... 41
8.4 DESIGN CASES................................................................................................................. 42
8.5 PRODUCED WATER............................................................................................................ 43
8.6 BATTERY LIMIT C ONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 43
8.7 SAND CONTROL ................................................................................................................ 43
8.8 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................. 44
9.0 SCOPE OF FACILITIES.................................................................................................. 48
9.1 SEGREGATION CRITERIA ................................................................................................... 48
9.2 ARRIVAL PLANT SCOPE...................................................................................................... 48
9.2.1 PROCESS UNITS AT AP ................................................................................................... 48
9.2.2 UTILITIES AND SERVICES ................................................................................................ 49
9.2.3 NOTES.......................................................................................................................... 50
9.3 FACILITIES DESCRIPTION (PRELIMINARY)......................................................................... 50
9.3.1 ARRIVAL PLANT (AP) ..................................................................................................... 50
9.3.2 PROCESSING PLANT (AP)............................................................................................... 51
10.0 SYSTEMS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS....................................................................... 53
10.1 PIG LAUNCHING/RECEIVING............................................................................................. 53
10.2 SLUG C ATCHER .............................................................................................................. 53
10.3 GAS FILTERS .................................................................................................................. 54
10.4 MP SEPARATOR ............................................................................................................. 54
10.5 UTILITIES SYSTEMS......................................................................................................... 55
10.5.1 FLARE ......................................................................................................................... 55
10.5.2 FUEL GAS SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 56
10.5.3 OPEN AND CLOSED DRAIN SYSTEMS................................................................................ 56

10.5.4 PLANT AIR / INSTRUMENT AIR ......................................................................................... 56

10.5.5 NITROGEN SYSTEM....................................................................................................... 57
10.5.6 CHEMICAL INJECTION SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 57
10.5.7 UTILITY AND POTABLE WATER ....................................................................................... 57
11.0 MECHANICAL DESIGN................................................................................................. 58
11.1 PRESSURE VESSELS........................................................................................................ 58
11.2 TANKS............................................................................................................................ 58
12.0 PIPING DESIGN............................................................................................................ 60
12.1 STANDARD PIPE SIZES ...................................................................................................... 60
12.2 MINIMUM LINE SIZES ....................................................................................................... 60
12.3 MATERIAL SELECTION...................................................................................................... 60
12.4 VENTS AND DRAINS ........................................................................................................ 61
12.5 RELIEF VALVES .............................................................................................................. 62
12.6 CONTROL VALVES .......................................................................................................... 62
12.7 PIPING AT EQUIPMENT..................................................................................................... 62
12.8 ROUTING........................................................................................................................ 63
12.9 ACCESSIBILITY ............................................................................................................... 63
13.0 ELECTRICAL DESIGN.................................................................................................. 64
13.1 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ..................................................................................................... 64
13.2 AREA C LASSIFICATION .................................................................................................... 64
13.3 SUBSTATIONS ................................................................................................................. 64
13.4 COURTYARD OF TRANSFORMERS ..................................................................................... 65
13.5 CABLE ROOM ................................................................................................................. 65
13.6 BATTERY R OOM.............................................................................................................. 65
13.7 ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT ROOM........................................................................................... 66
13.8 MACHINE ROOM, AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSURIZATION................................................ 66
13.9 SHORT CIRCUIT CAPABILITIES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT................................................ 66
13.10 ALARMS SIGNAL............................................................................................................ 67

13.11 TRANSFORMERS ........................................................................................................... 67

13.11.1 VOLTAGE AND TYPE OF TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS.................................................... 67
13.11.2 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................ 68
13.11.3 EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION ......................................................................................... 68
13.12 SWITCHGEAR ............................................................................................................... 68
13.12.1 MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR (ABOVE 600 VOLT) ....................................................... 68
13.12.2 LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS AT 480 AND 220 VAC.......... 69
13.12.3 COMBINATIONS OF CIRCUIT BREAKER-CONTACTOR (FOR LIGHTING) ................................. 70
13.12.4 SWITCHES DERIVATIVES AND AVAILABLE COMBINATIONS ................................................ 70
13.12.5 DISTRIBUTION PANEL BOARDS SELF-SUPPORTED IN LOW VOLTAGE, LIGHTING PANEL BOARDS
...................................................................................... 70

AND DIRECT CURRENT PANEL BOARDS

13.12.6 EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION......................................................................................... 70

13.13 MOTORS ...................................................................................................................... 70
13.13.1 MOTOR CONTROL - GENERAL....................................................................................... 71
13.13.2 EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION......................................................................................... 71
13.14 CHARGER AND BATTERY BANK ....................................................................................... 72
13.15 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEM................................................................................. 72
13.16 BANK OF GROUNDING RESISTANCE ................................................................................ 73
13.17 CAPACITOR BANKS ....................................................................................................... 73
13.18 ELECTRICAL CONDUIT & CABLE SCHEDULE ....................................................................... 74
13.19 WIRES AND CABLES ....................................................................................................... 74
13.20 CABLE TRAY................................................................................................................. 75
13.21 WELDING MACHINE OUTLETS.......................................................................................... 75
13.22 ELECTRICAL OUTLETS ................................................................................................... 75
13.23 HEAT TRACING.............................................................................................................. 76
13.24 LIGHTING SYSTEM......................................................................................................... 76
13.25 GROUNDING SYSTEM AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION ........................................................... 77
13.26 ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS ................................................................................................ 77

14.0 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL DESIGN ............................................................ 78

14.1 OVERVIEW OF CONTROL AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS.......................................................... 78
14.2 DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM....................................................................................... 78
14.2.1 SDMC BASED ON A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC C ONTROLLER PLC PLATFORM..................... 78
14.2.2 SDMC BASED IN A DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SCD. ............................................ 80
14.2.3 EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION........................................................................................... 81
14.3 SIS/ESD SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................... 82
14.3.1 SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM (SIS)........................................................................... 82
14.3.2 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM (ESD). ...................................................................... 82
14.3.3 EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION........................................................................................... 82
14.4 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM................................................................................... 83
14.5 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION ................................................................................................ 83
14.6 CABLING SYSTEM............................................................................................................ 85
14.7 METERING ..................................................................................................................... 86
15.0 CIVIL, STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN................................................ 88
15.1 LOADING ........................................................................................................................ 88
15.1.1 DEAD AND LIVE LOADS .................................................................................................. 88
15.1.2 WIND LOADS................................................................................................................ 88
15.1.3 EARTHQUAKE L OADS ................................................................................................... 89
15.1.4 THERMAL L OADS .......................................................................................................... 89
15.1.5 NEW RACK PIPE L OADING ............................................................................................ 90
15.1.6 LOAD COMBINATIONS.................................................................................................... 90
15.2 CIVIL.............................................................................................................................. 90
15.2.1 ROADS........................................................................................................................ 90
15.2.2 DRAINAGE ................................................................................................................... 90
15.3 CONCRETE..................................................................................................................... 90
15.3.1 CODES AND SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................ 90
15.3.2 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................. 90

15.4 STEEL DESIGN................................................................................................................ 91

15.4.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN................................................................................................... 91
15.4.2 STEEL GRADES ........................................................................................................... 91
15.4.3 WALKWAYS AND ACCESS PLATFORMS ............................................................................ 92
15.4.4 DEFLECTIONS AND DRIFT ............................................................................................. 94
15.5 BUILDINGS...................................................................................................................... 95
15.5.1 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 95
15.5.2 CODES AND STANDARDS ............................................................................................... 95
15.5.3 DESIGN LOADS ............................................................................................................ 96
15.5.4 GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION........................................................................................ 96
15.5.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.......................................................................................... 96
15.5.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 96
15.5.7 ELEVATION AND CLEARANCES...................................................................................... 100
15.5.8 DRAINAGE ................................................................................................................. 101
15.5.9 FIRE PROTECTION ..................................................................................................... 101
16.0 TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ................. 102
16.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION SUBSEA LAKACH TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE ............ 102
16.2 VOICE AND DATA SYSTEM.............................................................................................. 102
16.3 INTERCOM AND PAGING S YSTEM..................................................................................... 103
16.4 CCTV SYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 103
16.5 ACCESS CONTROL AND PERIPHERAL PROTECTION SYSTEM ............................................... 104
16.6 VIDEOCONFERENCE AND AUDIOVISUAL SYSTEM............................................................... 104
16.7 COMMUNICATION TRUNKING. ......................................................................................... 104
16.8 POINT TO POINT RADIO COMMUNICATION . ....................................................................... 105
17.0 RISK AND INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT...................................................................... 106
17.1 GENERAL...................................................................................................................... 106
17.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE ................................................................................................. 107
17.3 DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS.................................................................................... 108

17.3.1 NATIONAL LAWS AND STANDARDS ............................................................................... 108

17.3.2 INTERNATIONAL C ODES AND STANDARDS...................................................................... 108
17.4 RISK ANALYSIS (HAZARD AND OPERABILITY - HAZOP) STUDY .......................................... 109
17.5 HSE MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................................................... 109
17.6 RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................................................... 110
17.7 SIL DETERMINATION...................................................................................................... 110
17.8 SIL VERIFICATION ......................................................................................................... 111
17.9 PRELIMINARY FERA...................................................................................................... 112
17.10 INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY.......................................................................... 113
17.11 RAM ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 114
17.12 ADDITIONAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY STUDIES................................................................ 114
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 116
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................... 117

1.0 INTRODUCTION
11.0 MECHANICAL DESIGN
Technical requirements for design and supply of the equipment will be defined in the relevant
project documents such as project specifications, equipment datasheets, equipment drawings,
standard drawings, requisitions and purchase orders.
The following are general design criteria per type of equipment. Further details will be defined in
project specifications.
Design bases for AP mechanical design must be completed and/or revised by Contractor during
Engineering.
Los requisitos tcnicos para el diseo y suministro de los equipos ser definida en los documentos proyecto
correspondiente, tales como las especificaciones del proyecto, hojas de datos de equipos, planos de equipo,
estndar de dibujos, requisiciones y rdenes de compra.
Los siguientes son los criterios generales de diseo por tipo de equipo. Mayor detalles sern definidos en las
especificaciones del proyecto.
Las bases de diseo para el diseo mecnico de AP debe ser completada y / o revisados por el Contratista
durante la Ingeniera.

11.1 Pressure Vessels

All pressure vessels shall be design in accordance with the requirements of the NOM-020STPS-2002 and NRF-028-PEMEX-2004.
Vertical and horizontal vessels shall be designed to be self-supported unless otherwise specified
on the vessel guide drawing or datasheet.
The design requirements and variables for the calculation of seismic response loads and wind
loads are according to Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles de la Comisin Federal de
Electricidad, edicin 2008
All vessels shall receive the stamp of the Code under which they are designed and built.
All vessels shall comply with all federal, state, local laws and regulations that may be applicable.

Todos los recipientes a presin se disearan de acuerdo con los requisitos de la NOM-020-STPS-2002 y
NRF-028-PEMEX-2004.

Los recipientes verticales y horizontales debern estar diseados para ser auto-apoyo a menos que se
especifique lo contrario en el plano gua de recipiente u hoja de datos.

Los requerimientos de diseo y variables para el clculo de las cargas de respuesta ssmica y las cargas
de viento estarn de acuerdo con "Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles de la Comisin Federal de
Electricidad de 2008, Edicin".

Todos los recipientes debern recibir el estampado del Cdigo en las que se dise y construy.

Todas los recipientes debern cumplir con todas las leyes federales, estatales, locales y de regulaciones
que pudieran ser aplicables.

11.2 Tanks
Large, welded, vertical cylindrical aboveground storage tanks for atmospheric or near
atmospheric pressure shall be constructed in accordance with NRF-113-PEMEX-2007.
The design requirements and variables for the calculation of seismic response loads and wind
loads are according to Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles de la Comisin Federal de
Electricidad, edicin 2008.
All tanks shall be built in accordance with NRF-113-PEMEX-2007.
Tanks and supports shall be designed for wind loading; basic wind speed and exposure shall be
as specified on tank drawing.
Tanks installed in areas subject to earthquakes shall include design allowance for seismic loads
and earthquake risk zone shall be as specified on tank drawing.
Designs shall assume that seismic and wind loads act independently of each other.
All atmospheric tanks shall comply with all federal, state, local laws and regulations that may be
applicable.
These design bases together with the atmospheric tanks specification, vessel or tank guide
drawings or datasheets, standard drawings, requisition and purchase order define mandatory
technical requirements to be met by the Vendor in the design, material, fabrication, inspection,
testing and supply of the vessel or tank.
Storage tanks for potable water and treated water shall meet the requirements of (PEMEX
to confirm applicable Mexican standards).

Los grandes tanques de almacenamiento de presin atmosfrica o cercano a la atmosfrica, soldado,

cilndrico vertical sobre la superficie, se construirn de acuerdo con la NRF-113-PEMEX-2007.

Los requerimientos de diseo y variables para el clculo de las cargas de respuesta ssmica y las cargas
de viento estarn de acuerdo con el "Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles de la Comisin Federal de
Electricidad de 2008, Edicin".

Todos los tanques debern ser construidos de acuerdo con la NRF-113-PEMEX-2007.

Los tanques y soportes debern estar diseados para carga de viento, velocidad bsica del viento y
exposicin, y ser indicado en el dibujo del tanque.

Los tanques instalados en zonas ssmicas se incluyen diseo permisible para cargas ssmicas y la zona
de riesgo ssmico, sern las especificadas en el dibujo del tanque.

Los diseos deben asumir que las cargas ssmicas y el viento actan de forma independiente el uno del
otro.

Todos los tanques atmosfricos debern cumplir con todas las leyes federales, estatales, locales y
regulaciones que pudieran ser aplicables.

Las bases de diseo, junto con los dibujos de tanques atmosfricos, gua de especificacin, recipiente o
tanque o fichas tcnicas, planos normalizados, requisicin y orden de compra define las prescripciones
tcnicas que deben cumplir los proveedores en el diseo, materiales, fabricacin, inspeccin, pruebas y
suministro de el recipiente o tanque.

Los tanques de almacenamiento de agua potable y agua tratada debern cumplir los requisitos de... ...
(PEMEX para confirmar las normas aplicables de Mxico).

12.0 PIPING DESIGN.

Design bases for AP piping design must be completed and/or revised by Contractor during
Engineering.
Las bases de diseo para el diseo de tuberas AP debe ser completada y/o revisados por el Contratista
durante la Ingeniera.

12.1 Standard pipe sizes

Piping shall be sized on the basis of the controlling operating conditions and economic
considerations and when required, shall be sized with allowance for control of approximately 25% of
the variable friction losses at those conditions in piping and equipment, except for the following:
Hydraulic circuits associated with variable speed pumps, compressors, and blowers shall be
designed on the basis of the planned maximum operating conditions.
Possible equipment capability in excess of the maximum planned operating conditions shall not
be considered as a basis of system hydraulic design.
Piping in intermittent service and start up and bypass lines, shall be sized on the basis of the
available pressure differentials and other factors such as noise regulations and velocity constraints
as applicable.
Las tuberas debern ser dimensionadas sobre la base de las condiciones de operacin controlada y de las
consideraciones econmicas y en caso necesario, deber ser de un tamao permisible para el control de
aproximadamente el 25% de las prdidas por friccin, variable en las condiciones de las tuberas y equipos, a
excepcin de lo siguiente:

Circuitos hidrulicos asociados a las bombas de velocidad variable, compresores y sopladores, y debern
estar diseados sobre la base de las condiciones de operacin mxima planeadas.
La capacidad en exceso de los posibles equipos de las condiciones de operacin mximo consideradas no
deber ser considerada como base del diseo del sistema hidrulico.

De tuberas en servicio intermitente y puesta en marcha y las lneas de derivacin, deber ser de un tamao
sobre la base de los diferenciales de presin disponible y otros factores tales como las regulaciones de ruido y
las limitaciones de velocidad segn sea el caso.

12.2 Minimum Line Sizes

The minimum pipe to be used is 3/4 for utilities lines and 1 for process lines.
Pipe in size NPS 1 , NPS 2 , NPS 3 and NPS 5 shall not be used
La dimensin mnima de la tubera que se utilizar es de 3/4" para las lneas de servicios y de 1" de las lneas
de proceso.
No se utilizarn Tubo de dimensin NPS 1 ", NPS 2 ", NPS 3 "y NPS 5"

12.3 Material Selection

The material requirements shall be in accordance with NRF-032-PEMEX-2005.

 Materials and components shall be suitable for the planned service, the operational
environment, and the fluid characteristics in respect to factors such as corrosion, erosion, and
other physical-chemical effects (e.g. hydrogen attack, stress corrosion, material embrittlement).
a. Material selection and corrosion allowance for a particular service shall be specified in
the project piping material specification, and the material of construction specification.
b. When required, cathodic-protection in accordance with PEMEX specification may be
used for corrosion protection of buried or submerged piping.
In selecting materials, consideration shall be given when a change in pressure or temperature
occurs at equipment such as control valves, relief valves, heat exchangers, or traps. The
upstream block valve, if there is one, shall be selected for the upstream conditions. The
downstream block valve shall be selected for the upstream conditions as well. The equipment,
control valve and bypass valve shall be selected for the upstream conditions.
All steel pipe and pipe fittings NPS 4 and under for drinking water services may be galvanized.

12.4 Vents and Drains

Valved vent and drain connections shall be furnished on all equipment that is not self-venting or
self-draining. Connection shall be located on equipment, if practical, but may be located in
connected piping when there are no valves or blinds between the vent or drain connection and
the equipment. Vents and drains for pumps in services containing abrasive solids shall be
located in connecting piping.
Vent connections shall be furnished for trapped high points of piping NPS 3 andlarger nominal
diameter as follows:
a. Valved when required for operational purposes.
b. Plugged, valve omitted, for hydrostatic test purposes.
Valved drain connections shall be furnished for low points of all lines located above grade.
Vent, drain, and sample outlet connections shall be NPS minimum size, except that all
connections from piping in services involving fluids with suspended solids or materials which are
of high viscosity shall be NPS 1 minimum size.
As general rule, valved vents and drains shall be provided with plug or blind flange unless hard
piped to a closed collection system.

12.5 Relief Valves

Pressure relief valves protecting process equipment shall discharge into a closed system.
Hydrocarbon vapors released shall be collected and sent to the flare for safe disposal.
Release of un-combusted hydrocarbon vapors to the atmosphere must be avoided. Hydrocarbon
vapors and other vapors such as steam could be discharged to the atmosphere only when
absolutely necessary subject to the requirement that the discharge be contingent on adequate
safety provisions. These provisions shall ensure that no unusual hazards are created at grade or
other main operating levels due to the presence of combustible vapor mixtures, atmospheric
pollution, hydrocarbon condensate, or heat radiation as a result of the ignition of the emission at
the outlet point.
Pressure relief valves piping arrangement shall conform to the following:
a. Pressure relief valves on towers and vessels shall be located preferably in the overhead
circuit piping.

b. Discharge system shall be either self-draining or provided with drain facilities.

12.6 Control Valves

Automatic control valves shall be furnished with either a hand-wheel or with block valves and a
bypass valve for hand control during maintenance operations.
All three-way control valves shall be furnished with a hand-wheel for manually operating the
valves.
Control valves which are spared or operated in parallel services shall be furnished with upstream
and downstream block valves. Bypass valves and hand-wheels shall not be furnished.
Control valves shall not be used for shutoff functions. Dedicated on-off valves shall be provided for
isolation purposes during emergency shutdown.

12.7 Piping at Equipment

Equipment that may be removed from service during operation of the unit shall be furnished with
block valves and valved drains or valved vents and valved drains.

12.8 Routing
The major portion of the piping within most process units is used to interconnect equipment and
support controls between equipment. To minimize the cost of this bulk material, equipment
should be located in process sequence and close enough to suit safety needs, access
requirements, and piping flexibility. The components within the subsystem should be arranged to
suit the most economic piping runs, and the whole assembly should be positioned within the plot
area to provide the most economic interconnection between related process subsystems.
In process unit and utility plants, piping to equipment must run overhead to meet operator and
maintenance clearances. Short runs of piping, however, may run at grade, where they do not
obstruct access ways. Piping in such off-site areas as tank farms must run approximately 18inch above grade and must provide adequate access to controls and maintenance areas by
walk-over stiles. Off-site pipe racks must be located adjacent to storage tank dikes. Within dike
areas, piping must run by the most direct route unless limited by flexibility and tank settlement.
Piping serving a tank or tanks in a common area must not run through adjoining dike areas.
Generally, most in line plant arrangements are furnished with a central pipe rack system that
acts as the main artery of the unit supporting process interconnection, feeds, product and utility
piping, instruments and electrical cables, and, sometimes, air coolers and drums.

12.9 Accessibility
Piping systems shall be designed avoiding obstruction to access ways, maintenance areas, etc. to
allow for inspections and repairs of equipment and piping.
All valves shall be accessible for operation and maintenance.