CHAPTER 2 COLONIAL OUTPOSTS 1550-1650 Don Luis de Velasco is taken by Spanish in 1562 to Spain.

King Phillip II asked him to convert to Christianity. He asked to go home. He would help settle Jesuits in North America. In less than a week of been settled, he took the Jesuits wives to prove his loyalty. He killed all of them but Alonso. The Spanish came back but he never appeared so they sailed. In 1607 the English planted their first permanent colony on the mainland at Jamestown. No geographic or cultural line separated the Indians and Europeans. Each group thus knew the other moderately well. Although they disagreed in customs, they were never completely alien. In the settlements they were people that could act as go-betweens. PUSUING WEALTH AND GLORY ALONG THE NORTH AMERICAN SHORE The others European nations crossed the Atlantic looking for wealth. Sir Walter Raleigh whosoever commands the sea commands the trade; whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world, and consequently the world itself. The colonies established in the first half of the seventeenth century were outposts in the global economy. They intended to bring in the greatest amount of revenue to the other country at the lowest cost. .1 OBJETIVES The Spanish were well on their way to conquering native peoples and stripping them of their wealth. Their success inspired other European nations to search for new sources of gold and silver in non-Spanish lands. They also were seeking for a path through the Americas to Asia. For northern Europeans, colonization was not a goal for almost a century and even then their colonies were designed primarily to provide a quick return on investment. They couldnt pay for expensive expeditions comparable to that of Columbus when it became clear that the North American world was very different from New Spain in these key regards. John Cabot Sailed in 1497. Landed in Newfoundland and claimed the territory for England. England and France were sending fishing expeditions to the waters off Newfoundland, which were relatively inexpensive to sustain. New France was planted in the St. Lawrence River region of Canada. French fishermen found that the Indians were willing to trade beaver pelts at prices so low. GEOGRAPHICAL BARRIER Ferdinand Magellans expedition had completed the first round-the-world voyage for Spain. Two years later, Giovanni da Verrazano explored the coast from South Carolina to Maine and was the

first European to see New York Harbor. However, all the Verrazano had discovered was just a huge barrier between Europe and Asia. King Francois I of France financed Jacques Carties to make three expeditions to seek s route through North America and look out for any richer along the way, however all three came to naught. 90 SPANISH OUTPOSTS After the wars ended, France and English looked across the Atlantic in hopes of wealth. English did not find anything so they decided to prey on Spanish ships. They king of France, Phillips II, established forts along both coasts of Florida to avoid piracy. French Protestants, Huguenots, establish a Fort Caroline, a colony (near Georgia). 500 Spanish soldiers, in command of Pedro Menendez de Aviles, destroy the French settlements and killed its entire people. The plans Mendez de Aviles had for those territories, were destroyed by the Indians in 1576 and by Englands Francis Drake a decade later. The Spanish abandoned all of their Florida forts except St. Augustine. NEW FRANCE French discovered the beaver trade. The pelts found a ready market in Europe. The Iroquoian-speaking tribes formed the FIVE NATIONS. They become the most powerful group in the north. Their main enemies were the HURONS. THE FIVE NATIONS PROVIDED THE FRECH WITH BEAVER PELTS. 1594 Henry of Navarre converted to Catholicism and in 1598 issued the Edict of Nantes to limit religious toleration to the Huguenots. Quebec is established by Samuel Champlain.