Acknowledgment I have taken efforts in this project.

However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to (Name of your Organization Guide) for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of (Organization Name)for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention and time.

Decision Making - Conclusion

The decision-making approaches and theories associated with the subfield of foreign policy analysis are unique in international relations for their attention to the specific human agents behind every foreign policy choice. Rather than agent-general deductive systems, such as found in game theory, a more detailed and particularistic account of human agency is sought. In addition to this agential focus, a decision-making approach mandates that information from multiple levels of analysis be collected and synthesized in a parallel fashion as the actual decision makers collect and synthesize such information. FPA thus becomes a profoundly integrative theoretical enterprise as well.

This type of approach is noteworthy for its potential not only to integrate disparate variables from distinct levels of analysis but also to integrate currently disconnected domains of human knowledge and activity concerning international affairs. Two notable examples are the disconnect between international relations and comparative politics within the discipline of political science, and the disconnect between international relations and comparative politics as found in the academy on the one hand and the foreign policymaking establishment of the government on the other.

Decision-making approaches and foreign policy analysis can provide some needed connections here. By integrating variables at the supernational and national levels of analysis (the traditional purview of international relations) with variables at subnational levels of analysis (the traditional realm of comparative politics), FPA provides theoretical and empirical linkages that demonstrate how each subfield could usefully inform the other. By emphasizing the decision maker and the decision-making process, by exploring the agency inherent in foreign policy making, by pointing out useful lessons from the study of past foreign policy decision making's successes and failures, FPA has the potential to render the knowledge of the academy useful to real practitioners. Given the immense destructive power that can be unleashed at the international level, it is surely incumbent upon the academy to "bridge the gap" and offer its best insights as a contribution to the peace and safety of the world.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I take immense pleasure in thanking Prof. A G Menon, Chairman, and Dr. T B Rajasekar, our beloved Associate Chairman for having permitted me to carry out this project work.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my Internal Guide, Ms. K Thulasi, Scientific Staff, National Centre for Science Information, Indian Institute of Science for her able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped me in completing the project work, in time.

Needless to mention that Mr.Filber Minj, Scientific Officer, who had been a source of inspiration and for his timely guidance in the conduct of our project work. I would also like to thank Mr. Manu Rajan, Ms. K T Anuradha and Mr Francis Jayakanth of National Centre for Science Information for all their valuable assistance in the project work.

Words are inadequate in offering my thanks to the Project Trainees and Project Assisatants, NCSI for their encouragement and cooperation in carrying out the project work.

Finally, yet importantly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my beloved parents for their blessings, my friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful completion of this project.

Conlusion The ability of organisations to manage change effectively has become more important because of the rapid advances in technology and the increasing uncertainty and risk associated with the business environment. Managing change requires flexibility, good planning, an effective decision making system and an efficient management information system, as well as effective communication systems and channels. Managers must show leadership, have behavioural knowledge, especially with regards to the management of teams, demonstrate analytical skills in basic economic reasoning, be agents of change, proactive rather than reactive; be able to tolerate ambiguity and uncertainty, and understand why change is so often perceived as threatening. The possibility of change tends to provoke resistance among the employees that the change will affect. This is due to a very natural fear and mistrust of the unknown. This resistance will manifest itself in different ways, ranging from outright refusal to cooperate through to a covert undermining of proposals. This mistrust can be best overcome by a deliberate policy of keeping people informed about what is being proposed and getting them involved as far as possible in the discussions and decision making.