SHELL and TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

DESIGN DESCRIPTION Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger, U-tube type for preheating white liquor.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Shell and tube passes are determined by calculation. U-Tube type is considered.

DATA AND ASSUMPTIONS 1. Countercurrent flow. Steam as hot fluid and white liquor as cold fluid entering the heat exchanger 2. Steam enters at 130oC at shell side and exits at 95oC 3. White LIquor enters at 30oC and exits at 90oC at a rate of 3348.2 kg/10 mins 4. Specific heat of White Liquor 0.1517 kJ/kg K 5. Specific heat of steam at 150oC is 4.312 kJ/kg K (Geankoplis, A.2-11) 6. Density of water is 1000kg/m3 7. Typical (average) overall heat transfer coefficient for steam and organic solvents 750 W/m2 oC (Coulson et.al , Chemical Engineering Design)

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1. Hot fluid flow rate 2. corrected LMTD 3. Heat transfer area 4. Length and Shell Diameter 5. Number of tubes

6. Shell Thickness and Shell ID 7. Tube Pitch 8. Bundle Diameter 9. Baffle Spacing 10. No. of Baffles 11. Shell side calculations 12. Tube side calculations

DESIGN CALCULATIONS 1. Hot fluid flow rate a = steam (hot fluid) b = white liquor (cold fluid) Given: Tha = 150oC Thb = 95oC Tca = 30oC Tcb = 50oC Overall enthalpy balances: (Mccabe 11.6)

) (

( ) )(

)(

8. Corrected LMTD

( ( ( ( ( ( )

( ) )

( ) ) ( )(

From Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, 7th ed. pp.11-6

From Fig. 11-4 (b), two shell passes, four-tube pass fits R and S 0.99 ( )( )

9. Provisional Heat Transfer Area

Use = 10.08 m2 (w/ 15% safety factor) 10. Length and Shell Diameter According to Coulson et. al. (Chemical Engineering Design 4th ed. Vol.6, pp 645) Optimum tube length to shell diameter is 5 up to 10. Taking maximum ratio Shell side diameter: ( )

11. Number of Tubes

)(

12. Thickness of Shell and Shell ID Calculated nominal shell diameter: The minimum allowable shell thickness is given in BS 3274 and the TEMA standards For ranges 330-580 mm, carbon steel plate thickness: (Coulson, et.al., Chemical Engineering Design 4th ed. Vol.6, pp 647)

13. Tube Pitch Triangular pitch: ( )

14. Bundle Diameter Triangular pitch constants: single pass

)(

15. Baffle spacing By Chemical Engineering Design, Coulson et.al., 4th ed. vol. 6 pp. 652, Optimum baffle spacing 0.3 to 0.5 times the shell diameter. ( 16. Number of baffles Optimum baffle is 0.5 Shell ID )

SHELL SIDE CALCULATIONS Steam side 17. Cross flow Area For cross-flow area (Eq.12-2, Chemical Engineering Design, Coulson et.al., 4th ed. vol. 6)

( (

) )( )( )

18. Mass velocity

19. Linear Velocity

20. Coefficient for water: Eq. 2.17 ( )

( (

)( )

TUBE SIDE CALCULATIONS White liquor side 21. Mean AA Temperature

22. Tube cross sectional area

( 23. Total flow area

24. Mass velocity

25. Linear Velocity

26. Tube side coefficient Eq. 12.17 by Coulson ( )

( (

( )

))(

27. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS U-tube Type S.H.E. ITEM: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger NUMBER OF UNITS: 1 INPUT MATERIALS: White Liquor and Steam PROPOSED DESIGN TYPE: U tube SHE MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION: Carbon Steel Capacity, m3 Heating Surface Area 10.08 TANK DIMENSIONS Diameter, m 0.57 Height, m 5.70 Shell Thickness, mm 9.5 Shell and Tube EXISTING DESIGN

DESIGN DATA

40m2 1.5 -

DIMENSIONS Shell Inside Diameter, m Shell Length, m Number of Tubes, m Baffle Spacing, m Number of Baffles, Tube Pitch, m Bundle Diameter, m

0.56 5.70 30 0.171 34 0.024 0.167

POWER REQUIREMENT SUPPORT: COST: 1000USD SERVICE LIFE: INSTALLATION COST: AUXILLARIES SUPPLIER: Shandong Pulilong Pressure Vessel Co., Ltd ADDRESS: Kangxin and Anzhuang villiage, Sang Zi Dian Town, Tianqiao District, Jinan City CONTACT NO.: 86-531-82518568

DESIGN CONFIGURATION U-Tube Type SHE

SPECIFICATIONS

Shell Thickness: 9.5mm

Shell ID: 0.56 m Shell Length: 5.7m

No. of Baffles: 34 No. of Tubes: 30