Management of Heritage g g Places Gestion des Sites Patrimoniaux

Atelier / Thematic At li Thmatique Th ti Th ti Workshop W kh p Petra, Jordan-ie 17-19 Mai 2010

WORLD HERITAGE SITE MANAGEMENT IN LIGHT OF THE WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION AND GUIDELINES
Anna Paolini Representative of UNESCO in Jordan
EUROMED HERITAGE 4 Workshop 17th May 2010, Petra

World Heritage g Convention

1972: Convention is created to protect areas and sites which, because of their exceptional qualities, can be considered to have outstanding g universal value The Convention aims at the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value.

How the Convention manages g sites:

World Heritage g Committee World Heritage Fund (Both have been in operation since 1976) List of World Heritage in Danger The Operational Guidelines S States Parties to the C Convention are encouraged to ensure the participation of stakeholders (including site managers, g , local &regional g governments, g , local communities, NGOs, etc) in the identification, nomination and protection of World Heritage properties

Major j functions of the Committee

Review nominations submitted by State Parties Examine the state of conservation of properties (through Reactive & Periodic reporting) Moving sites to List of World Heritage in Danger Deleting properties from the List Determine how to use the resources of the World Heritage Fund

Protection and Management g

All p properties p must have: Long-term legislative, regulatory, institutional and/or traditional protection and management Delineated boundaries. Defined buffer zone (where necessary) Legislative and regulatory measures in place to assure its protection against development Management plan or other documented management system Policy for sustainable usage

Case study y Petra:

Designated as a World Heritage Site in 1985 for its unique values:

Cultural,

Ecological, Geological, Socio-anthropological

Inhabited from Epi-paleolithic era to Crusader period and into modern times

Petra: WH site

Basin

Siq q

Petra boundaries
Petra Region

Petra Archaeological Park

Petra Management g History: y

US National Parks Service -Master Plan for the Protection & Use of the Petra National Park (1968) UNESCO- Petra National Park Management Plan (1994) US/ICOMOS - Management Analysis & R Recommendations d i f for the h P Petra World W ld H Heritage i Site Si (1996) US National Parks Service -Operational Operational Plan (2000) Master Plan (PDTRA) currently being tendered

Petra Legislative g History y

1993 the PAP was established under the Antiquities Law (No. 21) 1995 the Petra Regional Council was established and in 2005 it developed into the Petra Regional Authority y acquired q its own law (No. ( 15) ) 2007 Petra Archeological Park by-law created 2009 Petra Tourism Development Zone Authority (PDTRA)

Main Recommendations of UNESCO M Management t Pl Plan 1994 for f Petra P t

Definition of boundary y & buffer zone Clear tourism strategy (carrying capacity, visitor services, sanitary facilities, circulation, etc) Urban planning (inside & outside the Park) Land-use plan Petra still does not have an endorsed management plan, nor clearly defined boundaries.

Main Risks to Petra

Natural Geological Hydrological Man-made Foot-fall Animal management Circulation

Geological Risk g
First recorded earthquake in 363 AD Average of 8 earthquakes each month Siq 2 incidents in 2009 Thneib Th ib fallen f ll tomb facade 2010
UNESCO/A Paolini UNESCO/A Paolini

Siq q

Work W k on the th stabilization of the rock (DOA/PDTRA) International Assistant (World Heritage Fund) for assessment of geological g g risk in Siq q

Water flow

Mainvisitortrail

Flood Risk
Deterioration of Nabataean water management system DOA preventive measures: Bab al Si d Siq dam; water t management in siq; drainage in theatre; and Wadi Mataha gabions. Every year lives are a e lost os

Petra National Trust

Petra National Trust

Man-made Risks
Visitor

foot-fall foot fall unmanaged

visitors in 2009 (850, 000 in

767,000

2008) High seasons April and October

Animal

Management
Petra National Trust

horse

drawn carriages/ over-grazing results in loss of top-soil and greater risk of floods

Visitor,

vehicle and animal circulation

Current

plans to exit visitors through Wadi Tukomaniya: impact on the site and path of floods
Petra National Trust

Risk-Mapping pp g partnership p p June 2010

Partnership p with RLICC (Leuven ( University), y), Jordan University, and Al Hussein University, DOA, PDTRA, PAP and UNESCO Learning experience Mapping risks that face visitors and the site:

Visitor experience; Carrying capacity; State of conservation; Facilities/ services available; Animal services; ; Shopping pp g outlets; ; Vendor information

Current Challenges g

The PDTRA is introducing some new measures to reduce the impact of tourism on the site and increase visitor enjoyment j y ( (eg: g new exit route for visitors; solar panels on kiosks; electronic ticketing system, etc). However the challenge is always to maintain a balance between the protection of the site, and the requirements of tourism.

Th k you Thank