7th Tips Physics SPM Success Modul Teknik Menjawab Kertas 2 Dan 3

2011
NAME:................................................................ CLASS:.........................
MODUL TEMBAK 32
@Version 4
Modul ini mengandungi 2 bahagian iaitu kertas 2 dan kertas 3. Diharapkan selepas menggunakan modul ini dengan bimbingan guru, pelajar-pelajar akan dapat mengusai teknik menjawab soalan SPM FIZIK (4531). Berusaha la dengan gigih bagi memastikan A+ Dalam Genggaman.
Pecahkanlah Kepompong Jadilah Kepupu, Pecahkanlah Ruyung Nikmatilah Sagu
1 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI
Mohd Ahir Bin Samsuri Mazlena Bt Murshed Guru Cemerlang Fizik SM Sains Kota Tinggi 18 JUL 2011 (019-7356656) http://fizsakti.blogspot. com
OBJEKTIF MODUL INI Understand construct (Memahami konstruk)) To know the questions with their construct (Mengenali soalan dengan konstruknya) To explore sample question based on the construct (Meneroka contoh soalan berdasarkan konstruknya). Understand the method of answering the question. (Memahami kaedah menjawab) Error done by the candidates (Kesilapan calon)
What is construct? (Apakah Konstruk?) Anything that is tested or assess. ( Perkara-perkara yang ditaksir atau diuji) Type Of Construct BIL 1 2 3 4 5 6 CONSTRUCT Knowledge(Pengetahuan) Understanding (Pemahaman) Application Of knowledge (Aplikasi Pengetahuan) Problem Solving (Penyelesaian Masalah) Conceptualized (Mengkonsepsi) Decision Making) (Membuat keputusan) SCOPE CONSTRUCT Facts, Concept, Principle, Theory, Law Translation, Interpretation, Extrapolation Concept & Principle Qualitative & Quantitative By using qualitative and quantitative Scientific Investigation (Penyiasatan Saintifik) Based on common characteristics (Ciri Sepunya) Relation of variables (Hubungan Pemboleh ubah) Based on specific criteria (Berdasarkan kriteria tertentu)
Physics Examination Format ITEM Type of Instrumen Type of item KERTAS 1 Objectives Multiple choice 3 Options (6 Items) 4 Options (36 Items) 5 Options (8 Items) SECTION A 8 QUESTION SECTION B 2 QUESTION (CHOOSE 1 ONLY) SECTION C 2 QUESTION (CHOOSE 1 ONLY) 100 MARKS 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES KNOWLEDGE 11% UNDERSTANDING 16 % APPLICATION 18% PROBLEM SOLVING 22% CONCEPTUALIZE 16% DECISION MAKING 17% ANALITIC (Point) SECTION A: 2 Q (Compulsory) SECTION B: 2 Q (Choose 1) 40 MARKS 1 HR 30 MINUTES KERTAS 2 SUBJECTIVE SECTION A STRUCTURE SECTION B ESSAY SECTION C ESSAY KERTAS 3 Written experiment SUBJECTIVE & ESSAY
No.Of Option
No.of question
50 Question
Total Marks Time Of Examination
50 Marks 1 Hour 15 Minutes Knowledge 28% Understanding 40 % Application 32%
Construct
PROBLEM SOLVING (EXPERIMENTING) ANALITIC & HOLISTIC
Marking Context area (Cakupan konteks) LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY
Dicotomus 1 or 0
ALL TOPICS ARE TESTED LOW 60% (30 Q) MEDIUM 24% (12 Q) HIGH 16% (8 Q) LOW MEDIUM HIGH 38% 35% 27% LOW 50% MEDIUM 30% HIGH 20% Q1 Q2 Q3 (16 m) (12 m) (12 m)
Q 1 : Knowledge, understanding & application (4m) Q 2 : Knowledge, understanding & application(5m) Q 3 : Knowledge, understanding & application (6m) Q 4 : Knowledge, understanding & application (7m) Q 5 : KUA and Conceptualize (8m) Q 6 : KUA and Conceptualize (8m) Q 7 : KUA and Problem Solving (10m) Q 8 : KUA and Decision Making (12m)
TARGET 2011 BIL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 BIL 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 TOPIC (TINGKATAN 4) 1.2 Measurement 2.1 Linear Motion 2.2 Inertia 2.3 Momentum 2.4 The Effect of a Force 2.5 Impuls/Impulsive Force 2.6 Gravity 3.1 Pressure 3.3 Gas and Atmospheric Pressure 3.6 Bernoulli Principle 4.3 Specific Latent Heat 4.4 The Gas Laws 5.3 Total Internal Reflection 5.4 Lenses TOPIC (TINGKATAN 5) 1.2 Refraction of waves 1.3 Difraction of waves 1.7 Electromagnetic waves 2.4 EMF and Internal Resistance 2.5 Electrical energy and power 3.3 Electromagnetic induction 3.4 DC and AC 3.5 Transformers 4.1 Cathode ray oscilloscope 4.3 Transistors 5.2 Radioisotopes 5.4 Nuclear energy RATING XX X X X XX X X X XXX XX X XXX X XX RATING X X XX X X XXX X XX X XXX X XX CATATAN CATATAN MSG/VC
KERTAS DUA-SOALAN ESEI A. SOALAN BAHAGIAN B. Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian B adalah seperti di bawah: QUESTION NO. 9 10 ELEMENT/CONSTRUCT KNOWLEDGE ( pengetahuan) CONCEPTUALISE (mengkonsepsi) UNDERSTANDING (kefahaman) PROBLEM SOLVING (penyelesaian masalah qualitative) MARKS 1 5 4 10
KNOWLEDGE 1. Menyatakan definasi dengan ayat penuh dan beserta syaratnya sekali 2. Menulis formula dengan simbol dan menyatakan maksud setiap simbol. Contoh Soalan i) What is meant by spring constant?
[1 mark]
Contoh Jawapan: Force perunit of extension of the spring OR k = F/x, where k=spring constant, F = force, x = extension of the spring LATIHAN [KNOWLEDGE] 1. What is meant by elasticity? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kekenyalan? [1 mark]
2. What is meant by electromagnet? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektromagnet?
[1 mark]
3. What is meant by refraction? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembiasan?
[1 mark]
4. What is meant by thermal equilibrium? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan keseimbangan terma? 5 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI
[1 mark]
5. State one factor that affect the pressure in liquid. Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan dalam cecair.
[1 mark]
CONCEPTUALISE (MENKONSEPSI) 1. Membuat & menyatakan pemerhatian Kemahiran Memerhati & Berfikir secara Kritis. 2. Membuat perbandingan iaitu menyatakan persamaan atau perbezaan 3. Menyatakan hubungan daripada persamaan/perbezaan atau menyatakan prinsip/ hukum Fizik yang terlibat. 4. Markahnya 5, justeru perlu beri isi sekurang-kurangnya 5 isi. 5. Jawapan ditulis dalam bentuk point form Contoh Soalan
DIAGRAM 9.1
DIAGRAM 9.2
(a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show two springs M and N. Both springs are of the same material and same wire thickness but have different spring constant. Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the mass loaded by the spring, the diameter of the spring and the extension of the spring.Relate the diameter of the spring and the extension of the spring with the spring constant. [5 marks] Contoh Jawapan: - mass in diagram 9.1 is equal to the mass in diagram 9.2 - diameter of the spring in diagram 9.1 is smaller compare to the diagram 9.2 - extension of the spring in diagram 9.1 is shorter compare to the diagram 9.2 - the bigger the diameter of the spring the lower the value of spring constant - the higher the value of spring constant the shorter the extension of the spring
LATIHAN [CONCEPTUALISE] 1.
Diagram 10.1
Diagram 10.2
(i) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 compare the current flow, the amount of iron filing and the magnetic field strength of the two electrodes. Relate the current flow and amount of iron filing attracted by the electromagnet and the magnetic field strength. Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 bandingkan pengaliran arus, kuantiti serbuk besi dan kekuatan medan magnet kedua-dua elektrod. Hubungkait pengaliran arus dengan kuantiti serbuk besi yang tertarik kepada elektromagnet dan kekuatan medan magnet. [ 5 marks ]
2.
n = 1.2
n = 1.8
Diagram 9.1
Diagram 9.2
Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the refractive index, the refracted angle and the density between medium A and medium B. Relate the refractive index with the refracted angle and the refractive index with the ratio of sin of incident angle, i to the sin of the refracted angle, r to deduce a physics law that is involved. Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkan indeks biasan, sudut biasan dan ketumpatan medium A dan medium B. Hubungkaitkan indeks biasan dengan sudut biasan dan indeks biasan dengan nisbah sinus sudut tuju,i kepada sinus sudut biasan,r bagi menghasilkan hukum fizik yang terlibat. [5 marks]
3.
(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 , compare the connection of diode to the dry cell, the lighting of bulbs and the reading of ammeter. Relate the lighting of bulbs with the connection of diode to the dry cell to make a deduction regarding the relation between the current flowing in the circuits and the connection of diode to the dry cell.. Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan sambungan diod kepada sel kering, nyalaan mentol dan bacaan ammeter. Hubungkaitkan nyalaan mentol dengan sambungan diod kepada sel kering untuk membuat satu kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara arus yang mengalir di dalam litar -litar itu dengan sambungan diod kepada sel kering. [5 marks]
UNDERSTANDING (concept explanation) 1. Kenalpasti konsep 2. Terangkan perkara sebelum sesuatu konsep berlaku 3. Terangkan konsep dan kaitannya 4. Terangkan perkara selepas konsep 5. Markahnya 4, justeru perlu beri sekurang-kurangnya 4 isi. [kalau boleh beri 6 isi] 6. Jawapan ditulis dalam bentuk point form Contoh Soalan The springs in Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 (page 6) will return to its original length when the load is removed. Explain how the forces between molecules cause the elasticity. [ 4 marks] Contoh Jawapan: - the forces between molecule are attractive and repulsive force - when the spring is stretched attractive force between molecule acts - when the spring is compress the repulsive force between molecule acts - when the forces is released, the spring return to its original position due to the force LATIHAN [UNDERSTANDING] 1. Explain why a softball player moves his hand backwards while catching a fast moving ball. Terangkan kenapa pemain softball mengerakkan tangan kebelakang sewaktu menangkap bola softball yang bergerak laju. [ 4 marks ]
2.
Explain how the generator works to produce alternating current. Terangkan bagaimana penjana berfungsi untuk menghasilkan arus ulang alik.
[ 4 marks ]
3. Explain why the roof of a house being lifted by strong winds. Terangkan mengapa bumbung sebuah rumah terangkat oleh angin yang kencang(ribut).
[ 4 marks ]
PROBLEM SOLVING (Qualitative)-Modification 1. Mengenalpasti Masalah 2. Menganalisis Masalah Kemahiran M/analisis 3. Mencari kaedah penyelesaian masalah 4. Mencadangkan kaedah Penyelesaian 5. Menulis jawapan dalam bentuk jadual 6. Kalau 10 markah, perlu nyatakan 5 aspek dan penerangannya. Penerangan atau alasan yang dibuat mestilah berkaitan dengan konsep fizik. [boleh bagi lebih dari 5 aspek. Bagi setiap aspek boleh bagi lebih dari satu alasan. JANGAN BERBEZA FAKTA] 7. Jika soalan memerlukan lukisan, pastikan lukisan dilabelkan atau ditulis apa perkara yang berlaku. Contoh Soalan spring in suspension system
DIAGRAM 9.3
(c)
Diagram 9.3 shows a spring of the suspension system in an ordinary motorcycle. (i) State two functions of the spring in the suspension system ? [2 marks] (ii) Using the suitable physics concepts, you are required to give some suggestions on designing a racing motorcycle of 500cc. Explain your suggestions based on the following aspects ; density of motorcycle parts engine power spring in suspension system size of tyre [ 8 marks]
Contoh Jawapan (i) to absob the shock
10 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
to make the rider feel more comfotable to reduce vibration Aspect Low density of motorcycle part High engine power High spring constant Wide tyre (ii) Explanation Lighter -To produce high ecceleration -High resultant force -The spring more stiffer -Less vibration -increase stability - reduce pressure
LATIHAN [ PROBLEM SOLVING (Qualitative)] 1.
You are required to give some suggestions to design a hang glider for recreation. Using an appropriate physics concept on motion, forces and the properties of materials, explain your suggestions based on the following
aspects :
Anda dikehendaki member cadangan untuk mereka bentuk glider untuk tujuan rekreasi. Menggunakan konsep fizik
yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau cara yang boleh dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keberkesanannya berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut :

Size of the sail. Saiz layer digunakan. Supporting cable. Kabel penyokong. Material use for the sail. Bahan yang digunakan untuk layer. Assembly and transportation. Pemasangan dan pengangkutan. Materials use for structure like masterframe and safely bar. Bahan untuk struktur seperti rangka utama den 'safety bar,
[10 marks]
2.A car needs an efficient hydraulic brake system for safety purposes. Suggest and explain how to build a hydraulic brake system which can function effectively, based on the following aspect: Sebuah kereta memerlukan sistem brek hidrolik yang cekap bagi memastikan keselamatan di tahap yang tinggi. Cadangkan dan jelaskan bagaimana untuk membina sistem hidrolik yang dapat berfungsi dengan cekap berdasarkan aspect berikut: -The type and characteristic of the brake fluid Jenis dan sifat bendalir brek -The size of the master piston and slave piston Saiz omboh utama dan saiz omboh kedua -The material used for the fluid transmision pipe Bahan yang digunakan untuk paip penghantaran cecair (10 marks)
QUESTION NO. 11 12
ELEMENT KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING APPLICATION DECISION MAKING
MARKS 1 4 5 10
3.An earth-monitoring satellite falls into the earths atmosphere at a high velocity and reaches a high temperature. This is caused by the earths gravitational force and air resistance. Using the appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain suitable designs or ways to protect the satellite and its equipment: Satelit pengawasan bumi telah jatuh ke dalam atmosfera bumi dengan halaju yang tinggi dan mencapai suhu yang sangat tinggi. Perkara ini adalah disebabkan oleh tarikan daya graviti dan rintangan angin. Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau care yang boleh dilakukan untuk meningkatkan
keberkesanannya berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut :
(i)
from extreme heat ; daripada haba yang tinggi
(ii)
from breaking up on landing daripada pecah sewaktu mendarat [ 10 marks]
B. SOALAN BAHAGIAN C. Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian C adalah seperti di bawah:
KNOWLEDGE Sama seperti dalam Section B UNDERSTANDING Sama seperti dalam Section B
APPLICATION (quantitaive) Menulis maklumat dlm btk simbol + unit S.I/gariskan Memilih dan menulis rumus Membuat gantian dlm. rumus Jawapan akhir + unit betul
Contoh Soalan Sebuah kuali elektrik mempunyai spesifikasi 240 V, 1000 W. Hitungkan masa yang digunakan oleh kuali itu untuk memanaskan 1000 cm3 minyak masak dari suhu 30 oC sehingga minyak itu mencapai suhu 120 oC. Anggapkan semua tenaga elektrik digunakan untuk menaikkan suhu minyak sahaja dan tiada haba hilang ke persekitaran. [Muatan haba tentu minyak ialah 2000 J kg1 oC1, ketumpatan minyak masak ialah 800 kg m-3] [5 markah] Contoh Jawapan 1 Menukar unit bagi V dengan betul 1000 x 10-6 m3 2 Menghitung jisim, m, dengan betul m =xV = 800 x 1000 x10-6 = 8 x 10-1 kg Menyatakan hubungan haba yang dibekalkan oleh pemanas dengan haba yang diterima oleh minyak Haba dibekal oleh pemanas = Haba diterima oleh minyak / pt = mc 4 5 Gantian dalam rumus yang betul 1000(t) = (8 x10-1)x 2000 x 90 Jawapan dengan unit yang betul t = 144 s
LATIHAN [APPLICATION (quantitaive)] 1. Diagram 12.3 shows a manometer with arms of different cross section. Liquid Y of density 1200 kg m-3 is poured into the manometer. The level of liquid Y is found to be the same at both arms of the manometer. 14 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan sebuah manometer dengan lengan yang berbeza keratan rentasnya. Cecair Y dengan ketumpatan 1 200 kgm-3 diisi ke dalam manometer. Paras cecair Y didapati sama pada kedua-dua lengan manometer. DIAGRAM 12.3 DIAGRAM 12.4
i. Explain why the level of liquid Y in both arms of the manometer are equal. Terangkan mengapa paras cecair Y pada kedua-dua lengan manometer adalah sama. ii.
[2 marks]
Diagram 12.4 shows the condition of liquids when another immiscible liquid, X, is poured into the right arm of the manometer. Calculate the density of liquid X. Rajah 12.4 menunjukkan keadaan cecair apabila sejenis cecair yang tak bercampur, X, dituang ke dalam lengan kanan manometer tersebut. Hitung ketumpatan cecair X. [3 marks]
2.
Diagram belows a circuit containing a transformer ammeter and two bulbs. The reading of the ammeter is 0.5 A and the two bulb lights up with normal brightness. Gambarajah di bawah menunjukkan litar yang mengandungi transformer, ammeter dan 2 mentol. Bacaan ammeter adalah 0.5 A dan dua mentol tersebut menyala dengan kecerahan yang normal. What is the output voltage of the transformer? Apakah voltage aoutput transformer? Calculate the efficiency of the transformer. Kira kecekapan transformer tersebut?
(i) (ii)
[5m]
DECISION MAKING 1. Mengenalpasti ciri-ciri yang diberikan. 2. Menerangkan sifat setiap ciri yang dipilih dan sebab dipilih. 3. Menentukan bahan yang paling sesuai berdasarkan ciri yang dinyatakan menggunakan 15 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
kaedah ranking .. 4. Memberi sebab mengapa bahan itu dipilih. 5. Menulis jawapan dalam bentuk jadual. Contoh Soalan Diagram 11.2 shows an ice cream container used by an ice cream seller using his motorcycle.
Diagram 11.2 Table 11.3 shows the specification of four types of ice cream containers P, Q, R and S, that can be used by an ice cream seller to carry ice cream. Box P Q R S Kotak Specific heat capacity of ice cream High High Low Low box Size of ice cream box Large Small Small Large Material of outer box Colour of outer box Copper PVC plastic PVC plastic Aluminium Dark Bright Bright Dark Table 11.3 You are required to determine the most suitable ice cream container to carry ice cream. Study the specification of the four types of ice cream container based on the following aspects: - Specific heat capacity of ice cream box - Size of ice cream box - Material of outer box - Colour of outer box Explain the suitability of the aspects Contoh Jawapan Aspect Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box Smaller size of ice cream box Plastic PVC Bright colour of outer box R is chosen Reason Easy get cold // becomes cool quickly Easier to carry // easy too become cool Poor conductor of heat Does not absorb heat from surrounding quickly because Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box, Smaller size of ice cream box, Plastic PVC, Bright colour of outer box
LATIHAN [DECISION MAKING] 1.Table 12 shows the specifications of four water storage tanks, P, Q, R and S, that can be used to water in a housing estate. Jadual 12 menunjukkan speksifikasi empat tangki penyimpan air, P, Q, R dan S, yang digunakan untuk menyimpan air untuk sebuah rumah dalam suatu kawasan perumahan. 16 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I store
Water storage tank Tangki penyimpan air Material used Bahan yang digunakan Density Ketumpatan Shape Bentuk
P metal logam low rendah
Q concrete konkrit high tinggi
R concrete konkrit low rendah
S metal logam low rendah
Height from the ground Tinggi daripada bumi
low rendah
high tinggi
high tinggi
low rendah
TABLE 12 You are required to determine the most suitable water storage tank. Study the specifications of all the four water storage tanks based on the following aspects : Anda diminta untuk mengenal pasti tangki penyimpan air yang paling sesuai. Kaji spesifikasi keempatempat tangki penyimpan air itu berdasarkan aspek : - The material used. Bahan yang digunakan - The density of the tank. Ketumpatan tangki - The shape of the tank. Bentuk tangki - The height of the tank from the ground. Ketinggian tangki daripada bumi Explain the suitability of the aspects. Terangkan kesesuaian aspek-aspek tersebut. [10 marks]
2.As a researcher you are assign to investigate the properties of the metal in the table to be used as the material to make a quality frying pan. Sebagai seorang penyelidik anda ditugaskan untuk menyelidik sifat bahan yang digunakan untuk membina kuali yang berkualiti.
Metal/Baha n P R S T U
Specific heat Melting capacity /muatan Density/ketumpatan point /takat lebur haba tentu kg m-3 o C J kg1 oC1 450 880 510 398 377 1540 660 1620 961 978 7873 2698 7800 10500 8400
Rate of Rusting/ kadar pengaratan High High Do not Rust Medium Do not rust
For every metal properties in the table above, explain the suitability of the properties tobe used as a material to make a frying pan. Hence determine the most suitable metal to make the frying pan. Give the justification for your choice. Bagi setiap sifat bahan di atas jelaskan kesesuaian bahan yang akan digunakan untuk membina kuali. Seterusnya memilih bahan yang paling sesuai. Berikan justifikasi di atas pilihan tersebut. [10 marks]
3. You are asked to investigate the features of cooling material and the design of a car engine radiator as in Diagram 11.2 Anda dikhendaki menyiasat cirri-ciri bahan dan rekabentuk radiator enjin kereta yang akan digunakan .
Explain the suitability of each features in Diagram 11.2 and then determine the most suitable car engine radiator to be used.Give a reason for your choice. Jelaskan kesesuaian cirri-ciri yang dipilih dan kemudian memilih radiator kereta yang paling sesuai. Berikan alasan di atas setiap pilihan anda tersebut. [10 marks]
SOALAN STRUKTUR. 19 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
5/6 7 8
- MENGKONSEPSI - MODIFICATION - MAKING DECISION
CARA MENJAWAB SAMA SEPERTI SOALAN ESEI - CUMA LEBIH PENDEK DAN MUDAH Contoh Soalan Menkonsepsi - Terengganu 2010 Diagram 5.1 shows a water jet spurts out from a hole in a tall vessel at a distance , d1. Diagram 5.2 shows an oil jet spurts out from a hole at the same depth in a tall vessel at a distance , d2. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan suatu pancutan air keluar dari satu lubang pada satu bekas tinggi sejauh di. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan suatu pancutan minyak keluar dari satu lubang pada satu bekas tinggi pada kedalaman yang sama sejauh d2.
(a) What is the meaning of density? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ketumpatan?
............................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b) Observe Diagram 5.1 and Digaram 5.2. Perhatikan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2. Compare: Bandingkan: (i) Density of water and oil. Ketumpatan air dan minyak.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (ii) The distance d1 and d2. Jarak d1, dan d2. ............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (iii) The pressure produced by the water jet and the oil jet.
Tekanan yang dihasilkan oleh pancutan air dan pancutan minyak itu.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (c) Based on your answer in (b), state the relationship between the density and the pressure of liquid. Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b), nyatakan hubungan antara ketumpatan dan tekanan cecair. ............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (d) Diagram 5.3 shows the location of a house water tank. Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan kedudukan tangki air pada sebuah rumah. Explain why the water tank should be located on top of the roof. Terangkan mengapa tangki air diletakkan di atas burn bung rumah. . . [3marks]
Contoh Soalan Modification - SBP 2010 Diagram 7 shows a fixed coil is placed in between an iron rod and a bar magnet. Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu gegelung yang tetap diletakkan di antara sebatang rod besi dan sebuah magnet bar.
When the switch is closed, both of the iron rod and the bar magnet are attracted towards the coil. Apabila suis dihidupkan, kedua-dua rod besi dan magnet bar tertarik kepada gegelung.
(a) (b)
State the polarity at X. Nyatakan kutub di X. ..[1 mark] Suggest two modifications that can be done in Diagram 7 in order to increase the force of attraction between the coil and the iron rod. Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan dalam Rajah 7 bagi menambahkan daya tarikan antara gegelung dan rod besi. .
(c)
.[2 marks] (i) What will happen to the iron rod and the bar magnet when the connections to the terminals
of the battery are reversed?
Apakah akan berlaku kepada rod besi dan magnet bar jika sambungan kepada terminal bateri diterbalikkan.
. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain your answer in 7(c)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di 7(c)(i).

. [2 marks]
(d) The battery is then replaced by a low alternating current power supply. The switch is then closed.
Bateri kemudian ditukar dengan bekalan arus ulang-alik yang berkuasa rendah. Suis dihidupkan.
(i)
Describe the motion of the iron rod. Jelaskan pergerakan rod besi. ..[1 mark] Describe the motion of the bar magnet. Jelaskan pergerakan magnet bar. ..[1 mark] Using your answers in 7(c) and 7(d),state one application of iron rod with the coil in everyday life. Dengan menggunakan jawapan anda dalam 7(c) dan 7(d), nyatakan satu aplikasi rod besi bersama gegelung dalam kehidupan harian.
(ii)
(e)
..[1 mark] Contoh Soalan Making Dicision - Selangor 2009 8. Diagram 8.1 and 8.2 show a filament bulb and an energy saver bulb. These two bulbs gives the same 21 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
amount of light intensity. Rajah 8.1 dan 8.2 menunjukkan mentol berfilamen dan mentol jimat tenaga. Kedua-dua mentol ini
menghasilkan keamatan cahaya yang sama
Filament bulb 240 V. 75Wer bulb 240 V, 20 W Mentol berfilamen 240V 75 W tenaga 240V 20 W Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1
(a) The filament bulb uses 75 W of power. What is meant by electrical power?
Filament bulb 240 V. 20W er bulb 240 V, 20 W Mentol berfilamen 240V 20 W tenaga 240V 20 W Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2
Mentol berfilamen menggunakan kuasa sebanyak 75 W. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kuasa elektrik ? ....[1 mark]
(b) State the energy transformation that occurs in both bulbs. Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam kedua-dua mentol.
.[2 marks] Filament bulb Energy saver bulb

Mentol berfilamen Energy consumed per second Mentol jimat tenaga
Tenaga digunakan per saat

Useful work per second Tenaga berguna per saat
75 J 11.25 J
20 J 10 J
Table 8/Jadual 8 (i) The filament bulb consumes 75 J of energy in one second but it only delivers 11.25 J of useful
energy per second. Name the wasted energy released by the bulb?
Mentol berfilamen menggunakan tenaga 75 J dalam satu saat tetapi cuma mengeluarkan 11.25 J tenaga berguna setiap saat. Namakan tenaga yang dibazirkan oleh mentol itu. ..[1 mark] (ii) Calculate the efficiency of the filament bulb and the energy saver bulb from Table 8. Hitung
kecekapan mentol berfilamen dan mentol jimat tenaga dari Jadual 8.
(4 marks) (iii) Which bulb is more economical to be used? Give a reason for your answer. Mentol yang manakah lebih jimat untuk digunakan? Berikan satu alasan untuk jawapan anda. . [2 marks] (d) Name one electrical appliance used at home and state one way to make it more efficient. Namakan satu alat elektrik yang digunakan di rumah dan nyatakan satu cara untuk
meningkatkan kecekapannya.
... [2 marks] KERTAS TIGA Construct- Problem Solving (Experementing)-40 markah 22 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
Contoh Soalan No 1-Section A-16 markah Trial Selangor 2009 1. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length, of a constantan wire and the potential difference across it, V. The wire is connected to a steady direct current power supply provided by an accumulator. The set up of the apparatus is shown in Diagram 1.
Diagram 1
The jockey is placed at the points where l = 20.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0 cm and 100.0 cm. The readings of the voltmeter are as shown in Diagram 1.2, Diagram 1.3, Diagram 1.4, Diagram 1.5 and Diagram 1.6 below. (a) For the experiment described above, identify (i) the manipulated variable ................................................................................................................................................ [1 marks] (ii) the responding variable ................................................................................................................................................ [1 marks] (iii) the constant variable ............................................................................................................................................... [1 marks] Note: 1. Untuk menjawab 3 soalan ini, jawapannya berada pada soalan yang diberikan seperti yang digariskan. 2. 2 variable telah diketahui dan untuk menentukan manipulated V, tengok ulangan yang dibuat pada soalan.Ulangan tersebutlah manipulatednya dan variable yang satu lagi atomatik akan menjadi responding. 3. Bagi fixed variable kadang-kadang dalam soalan ada diberitahu tetapi jika tiada ia memerlukan sedikit knowledge tentang eksperiment ini. 4. Jangan menggunakan perkataan type(contohnya type of wire/type of power supply)
1 2 3 (b) Determine the voltage, V when the length of the constantan wires,l =20.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0 cm and 100.0 cm respectively. Tabulate your results for l and V in the space below. 0
Note: 1. Lihat betul-betul skala bagi setiap alat pengukur. 2. Jika alat pengukur boleh membaca 2 tempat perpuluhan, pastikan dalam ruangan tabulated the data ada 2 tempat perpuluhan.Begitu juga kalau satu tempat perpuluhan.
[5 marks] Note: 1. Lihat khendak soalan apa yang hendak dijadualkan. Seperti Note: soalan di atas hanya 2 sahaja l and V 2. setiap column simbol dan unit 1. Pastikan Tengok tajuk graf yang ada diberi, Perkataan yang dulu adalah 3. Pastikan tempat perpuluhan betul mengikut alatadalah paksi Y dan seterusnya paksiyang X. Biasanya responding pengukur. paksi Y dan manipulated adalah paksi x 4. setiap column consistency yang sama (tempat 2. Pastikan Setiap paksi pastikan ada simbol dan unit. sama) 3. perpuluhan Pastikan sekala seragam, no tidak ganjil 5. yang seterusnya adalah secondary kotak value, kecil). pastikan 4. Jika Plotcolumn titik denga tanda X, buat besar-besar(2x2 (c) On the graph paper on page 25, plot a graph of V against l [5 marks] tempat perpuluhan lebih satuhampir berbanding value. 5. nilai Garis guna pembaris jika nampak lurus,primer gunakan freehand jika lengkung. Biasanya lurus. 6. Garis mesti sentuh paksi Y 24 | M o du l T graf emb a k 3memenuhi 2 - S A K Tkertas I 7. Saiz mesti graf. Jangan Buat kecil.(70% saiz kertas graf)
(d) Based on the graph, state the relationship between V and l [1 marks]
Note: 1. Gunakan ayat seperti yg telah diajar berdasarkan bentuk graf yang diperolehi. y x y y increase linearly to x x y x As y increase x also increase y y is directly propotional to x y x y is inversely propotional to x x y decrease linearly to x
(e) The experiment is repeated using thicker constantan wire. (i) What happens to the voltmeter readings when the jockey is placed at l = 20 cm? Assume the current that flow through the wire is constant. . ....................................... (ii) Give a reason for your answer. ............................ [2 marks] Note: 2. Kadang2 ada soalan tambahan seperti ini..
LATIHAN 1-Q1:SBP 2009
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the object distance, u, image distance, v, and focal length, f, of a convex lens. The apparatus is set up as shown in Diagram 1.1
Diagram 1.1 At the beginning, the object is placed at the distance of 40.0 cm from the lens. The screen is adjusted to find the sharp image. The image distance is then measured by using the metre rule. The above procedure is repeated by varying the values of u to be 35.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 25.0 cm and 20.0 cm. Diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 show the end of the metre rule when the image distance, v, is measured. ( Note : For each diagram, the measurement of the image distance, v is started from the zero mark of the metre rule.)
(a) For the experiment described above, identify: (i) The manipulated variable .............................................................................. [ 1 mark] The responding variable
(ii)
................................................................... [ 1 mark] (iii) The constant variable .................................................................... [ 1 mark] (b) Based on diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, determine image distance, v when the object distance, u. is equal to 40 cm, 35 cm, 30 cm, 25 cm and 20 cm. Tabulate the values of u, v, 1 1 and in the space below. u v
[6 marks]
(c) On the graph paper, plot a graph of
1 1 against v u [ 5 marks]
(d) Based on your graph, state the relationship between
1 1 and v u
..................................................................... [ 1 mark] (e) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment. ..................................................................... [ 1 mark]
Graph of
1 1 against v u
Contoh Soalan No 2-Section A-12 markah Trial Selangor 2009 2. An experiment to investigate the time taken, t by a metal sphere falling from a height, h was conducted. The graph of h against t 2 is in Diagram 2.1.
(a) Based on the graph h against t2 on page 29, (i) state the relationship between h and t, ..........................................................................................................................................[1m arks]
Note:
1. INGAT, soalan relationship based on graf pastikan gunakan ayat seperti directly propotional, increse linerally dsb. Ayat Penuh
1 (ii) determine the time taken, t by the sphere when dropped from a height, h = 44.0 cm. Show on the graph how you determine the value of t
t = [3 marks]
Note:
1. Pastikan ade garisan yang dibuat bermula dengan h=44 terus ke garisan dan kemudian ke paksi x. Tunjukkan nilainya dalam kertas graf. 2. Tulis nilai t2 dalam ruangan jawapan dan Kira nilai t dalam ruangan jawapan juga. 3. Pastikan Unit ditulis. b) Calculate the gradient of the graph. Show on the graph, how you calculate the gradient.
[3 marks]
Note:
1. Pastikan ada segitiga bersaiz sekurang-kurangnya 8 x 8 cm 2. Tunjukan koordinat pada hujung segitiga. 3. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan mencari kecerunan.(show substitution) 4. Tuliskan jawapan berserta dengan UNIT.
(c) The motion equation of a falling object with an initial velocity, u is given as
1 (i) State the initial velocity, u of the sphere. ...................................................................................................................................................................... [1 marks]
(ii) By using the gradient of the graph in (b) and equation in (c), calculate the gravitational acceleration, g .
[3 marks]
Note:
1. Soalan ini lebih kurang sama macam soalan linear law dalam addmate. 2. Gunakan persamaan yang diberi untuk bandingkan dengan graf. Biasanya kesamaan yang perlu dicari adalah pada (d) Statekecerunan one precautiondan that should taken in this experiment to improve the accuracy of the readings in the juga be y-intercept. experiment . .................... ....................................... [1 marks] Note: Gunakan 2 ayat ini sahaja.... 1. The position of eye must be pependicular to the scale reading to aviod parallax error(tak boleh guna kalau measuring instrument adalah digital stopwatch) 2. Repeat the experiment twice, then calculate the everage to get accurate reading. LATIHAN 1- Midterm T5 SBP 2011
2. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between pressure, P and depth, h of a liquid X at sea level. Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan diantara tekanan, P dan kedalaman, h bagi cecair pada aras laut. pressure P is determined using the formula : Tekanan P ditentukan dengan mengunakan rumus: P = P liquid + Patm
Where P liquid = pressure by column of liquid X, P atm = atmospheric pressure
Dimana P cecair = Tekanan oleh turus cecair X, P atm = Tekanan atmosfera (a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2.1, determine the atmospheric pressure, Patm when h = 0 m. Berdasarkan graf pada rajah 2.1, tentukan tekanan atmosfera, Patm bila h = 0 m. Show on the graph, how you determine the value of the atmospheric pressure. Tunjukkan pada graf, bagaimana anda menentukan nilai tekanan atmosfera. P atm = ........
[2 marks]
(b) The density of the liquid can be determined from the formula Ketumpatan cecair boleh ditentukan dengan mengunakan rumus = 0.012 k where k is the gradient of the graph P against h Dimana k ialah kecerunan bagi graf P lawan h (i) Calculate the gradient, k of the graph P against h. Show on the graph how you determine k. Hitung kecerunan, k bagi graf P lawan h.Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan k.
k = ........ [4 marks] (ii) Determine the density of liquid, Tentukan ketumpatan bagi cecair, = .... kgm-3 [1 mark] (c) Based on the graph on Diagram 2.1, determine the pressure, P exerted on the liquid when the depth of liquid, h = 0.4 m Berdasarkan kepada graf pada gambarajah 2.1, tentukan tekanan, P yang dikenakan di atas cecair bila kedalaman, h = 0.4 m
P = ........ [2 marks] (d) (i) If the liquid X is replaced with a denser liquid Y, what will happen to the value of k? Jika cecair X digantikan dengan cecair Y yang lebih tumpat, Apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai k? ........................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer. Terangkan jawapan anda. .................................................................................... [1 mark] (e) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment. Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang patut diambil untuk meningkatkan keputusan eksperimen. ............................................................................................................ [1 mark]
LATIHAN 2-Q2: Terengganu 2010 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between potential differeence V across the terminal of the battery and the current, I. The result of the experiment is shown in the graph of V against I below.
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2; (i) State the relationship between V and I .... [1 mark] (ii) Determine the value of E, when I = 0.0 A Show on the graph how you obtained the value of E ..... [2 marks]
(i) Name the physical quantity that is represented by the value of E in (a)(ii)
.... [1 mark] (b)

Calculate the gradient, r of the graph.
Show on the graph how you determine r.
=.............................. [3 marks] (c) From the graph, state the value of V when I = 0.60 A. Show on the graph how you
obtained the value of V.
.... [2 mark]
(d) The external resistance, R is given by the formula E = I (R + r) . By using the value of E in a(ii), r in (b) and 1= 0.60 A, calculate the value of R.
R=
[2 marks] (e) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment. .... [1 mark]
Contoh Soalan No 3/4-Section B-12 markah

Note:
1. Pastikan menggunakan ayat seperti di bawah. dan 37 | M 2. o dBentuk ul Tem b asusunan k 3 2 - seperti S A K T Idi bawah.
Item 1. Inference 2. Hypothesis 3. Aim 4. Variable
Catatan . depends on The higher the ...the higher..... To investigate the relationship between.and. a) manipulated V: .. b) Responding V: pastikan variable yang digunakan sama seperti dalam hypothesis dan juga aim c) Fixed V:. (j angan guna perkataan type)
Markah 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
5. Apparatus 6. Arrangement of apparatus 7. Prosedur
tulis semua apparatus yang diberi dalam soalan dan lain2 apparatus lukis gambarajah berlabel,guna pembaris a) controlling manipulated V: beritahu nilai pertama yang digunakan b) controlling Responding V: beritahu apa yang diukur, alat pengukur apa? Jika secondary value tunjukkan formulanya c) Repeated Exp. ulang eskperiment sekurang-kurangnya 4 bacaan lagi.
8. Tabulating of Data
- buat jadual dan pastikan ada symbol dan unit. pastikan sama dengan variable di atas Manipulated/Simbol/unit Responding/Simbol/unit 1
9.Analyzed the data
buat graf paksi y mesti responding dan paksi x-manipulated -pastikan ada symbol dan unit pada setiap paksi Simbol/unit 1 Simbol/unit TOTAL 12 M
(ada 9 item yang perlu ditulis. Prosedur 3 markah dan variable 2 markah yang membawa jumlah markah keseluruhan 12 markah)
CONTOH SOALAN DAN JAWAPAN. Trial Perlis 09 Diagram above shows a plastics bottle containing hot water. The plastic bottle is then put into a basin of ice. The found that the plastic bottle crumpled as shown in diagram 3.2
Based on the observation on diagram 3.1 and diagram 3.2 and using your knowledge of the gas law Based on the information and observation above : Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas: (a) (b) (c) State one suitable inference. Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. State one suitable hypotesis. Nyatakan satu hipothesis yang sesuai. [1 marks] [1 marks]
With the use of apparatus as capilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4(b). In your description, state clearly the following : Dengan menggunakan radas seperti capilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan dalam 4(b) Dalam penerangan anda jelaskan perkara berikut : i) ii) iii) iv) v) Aim of the experiment. Tujuan eksperimen. Variables in the experiment. Pembolehubah yang terlibat. List of apparatus and materials. Senarai radas dan bahan Arrangement of the apparatus. Susunan radas. The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable. Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas. The way you would tabulate the data. Penjadualan data. The way you would analyse the data. Cara menganalisis data. [10 marks]
vi) vii)
Jawapan (a) (b) (c)(i) Inference the volume depend on the temperature Hypothesis the higher the temperature the higher the volume Aim 1 1 1
(ii)
(iii) (iv)
To investigate the relationship between temperature and volume Variables Manipulated : Temperature Responding : volume/length of air column Constant : pressure/ mass of air trap List of apparatus and materials capilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer,bunsen burner,tripod stand,wire gouze,restord stand,mercury or concentric acid sulfuric acid,strirre, ruler and ice Arrangement of the apparatus
1 1 1
(v)
Procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable. 1 1. The water is stirred until the water temperature fall to 0 C. 2. The length of the air column, x is measured using meter rule and recorded 3. Repeated the experiment using temperature of 10,20,30 and 40 oC
o
1 1
(vi)
Tabulate the data T( 0C) 0 10 20 30 40 Analyse the data
l/cm
(vii)
l/cm
1
T( C)
o
TOTAL
12
Set 1-8, soalan no 3 dan 4 section C Based on the diagrams in Questions 1- 8, (a) make one suitable inference . (b) state one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. (c describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis In your explanation, state clearly the following : (i) aim of the experiment 40 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
(ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)
variables in the experiment list of apparatus and materials arrangement of the apparatus the procedures of the experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable the way you would tabulate the data the way you would analyse the data [12 marks] Trial Melaka 09
1. Diagram 3 shows air bubbles formed by an air pump in an aquarium . The size of the air bubbles are smaller as they emerged from the air pump at the bottom of the aquarium. The size become bigger as they approached the surface of the water.
2. Diagram 4 shows the telephone ear piece which receives a varying current from the telephone line. The permanent magnet attracts the magnet alloy diaphragm. The varying current in the coils of the electromagnet changes the strength of the magnetic field .
Trial Kelantan 09 3. Diagram shows a worker using a piece of straight long and uniform wood to determine the depth of a hole filled with water.
When the is pushed a bit into water as in Diagram 1 , he feel that a small force is needed, when the wood is pushed further down as in Diagram 2 , he found that a larger force is needed. 4 .The figures 4.1 and 4.2 show two electric bells are connected to the similar batteries.
When the switches of the two bells are on, the bell in figure 4.2 rings louder than the bell in figure 4.1 Trial Mrsm 09 5. Diagram 3.1 shows two identical lorries which are at rest when the traffic light is red. When the red light turns green, both lorries start to accelerate with the same forward thrust. Digram 3.2 shows the positions of both lorries after two minutes.
6. Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show the electric circuits which connects an electric bell to an ammeter and a power supply. When the switch is closed, it is observed that the bell in Diagram 4.2 rings louder than the bell in Diagram 4.1.
Trial N9 09 7. Diagram 3.1 shows an aluminium foil which has been shaped into a boat and put into a water container. Diagram 3.2 shows the same piece of aluminium foil that has been crumpled and put into the same water container.
Trial sbp 09 8.Diagram 4.1 shows the interference pattern of monochromatic light after passing through a double slit. Same experiment is repeated by using longer wavelength of monochromatic light. The result is shown in Diagram 4.2 Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan corak interferens cahaya monokromat selepas melalui satu dwicelah. Eksperimen yang sama diulang dengan menggunakan cahaya monokromat yang mempunyai panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang. Keputusannya ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2.
End Of Module GOOD LUCK LAMPIRAN 1 PHYSICS SPM PAPER 3 QUESTION ANAYLISIS SECTION B
Variable C TOPIC FORM 4 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Based, Derived, Scalar &Vector Quantities 1.2 Measurement 1.3 Scientific Investigations NO Responding Manipulated Fixed 29 EKSPERIMENT
FORCES AND MOTION 2.1 Linear Motion 2.2 Inertia 2.3 Momentum 2.4 The Effect of a Force 4 5 2 2.5 Impulse And Impulsive Force 2.6 Gravity 2.7 Forces In Equilibrium 2.8 Work, Energy, Power and Efficiency 2.9 Elasticity 6 7 8 9 10 11 FORCE AND PRESSURE 3.1 Pressure 3.2 Pressure in Liquids 12 13 14 15 3 3.3 Gas and Atm Pressure 3.4 Pascal Principle 3.5 Archimedes Principle 16 17 18 19 3.6 Bernoulli Principle HEAT 4.1 Thermal In Equilibrium 4 4.2 Specific Heat Capacity 4.3 Specific Latent Heat 4.4 The Gas Laws 20 21 22 23 24 5 LIGHT 5.1 Reflection Of Light 5.2 Refraction Of Light 25 26 angle of reflection angle of refraction angle of incident angle of incident light intensity light intensity rise in temperature rise in temperature (S2-2004) rise in temperature pressure(2005) pressure/volume (S1-2006: Charles Law) time mass density material volume temperature time temperature pressure/volume mass of water time 20 pressure height of big piston weight/volume of water displace weight/volume of water displace water lavel time area og big piston mass/weight object density speed density of mercury force/area small piston density of water mass/weight object density of water depth (2004/2008) water distance length difference depth of water lavel area of metal block depth depth density weight density of water density depth of thistle funnel work done extension of spring (S1-2005) extension of spring (S2-2007) distance force diameter spring/wire/length of spring mass spring constant force/weight 2 3 1 accelaration period (S3-2006,S1-2007) time to stop acceleration( S2-2008) acceleration depth time taken height mass mass force mass height of mass weight mass length of jigsaw blade force applied mass force mass height
27 5.3 Total Internal Reflection 5.4 Lenses 28 29
apparent depth(2007) angle of refraction/reflection image distance
real depth angle of incident object distance Variable
size of an object density of block focal length
TOPIC FORM FIVE WAVES 1.1 Waves
NO
Responding
Manipulated
Fixed
25 EKSPERIMENT 1 2 frequency(2006) wavelength/time taken same like form 4 wavelength depth density of water period frequency/length of pendulum size of spring size of spring/mass
1.2 Reflection of waves 6 1.2 Refraction of waves 1.3 Difraction of waves 1.5 Interference of waves
3 4
5 6
x distance/x distance/x wavelength
wavelength frequency frequency colour(diffraction)
a a a thickess
1.6 Sound waves 1.7 Electromagnetic waves ELECTRICITY 2.1 Electric fields and charge flow
7 8
9 10
current(2008) temperature(2007) potential difference (S2-2006) resistance (S4-2004, S2-2005 (Diameter), S1-2007) voltage across resistor voltage across cell power current
speed vandegraff current electric current length/crosssectional area/temperature no of resistor(2 ohm each) time voltage height
size vandegraff voltage length of constatant wire length/crosssectional area/temperature voltage supply(Siries Circiut) same baterry current mass load
2.2 Ohm Law 7 2.3 Series and parallel circuits 2.4 EMF and Internal Resistance 2.5 Electrical energy and power 8
11 12 13 14 15
ELECTROMAGNETISM 3.1 Magnetic effect of CCC 16 17 3.2 The Force on a CCC in a magnetic field 3.3 Electromagnetic induction 18 19 20 strength of electromagnet strength of electromagnet distance travel/force distance travel/force(2008) current(2005) number of turn of coil current magnetic strength current speed current number of turn current magnetic strength magnetic strength
21 3.4 DC and AC 3.5 Transformers 22 23 3.6 Generation and transm ELECTRONICS 4.1 Cathode ray oscilloscope 9 4.2 Semiconductor diodes 4.3 Transistors 4.4 Logic gates RADIOACTIVITY 5.1 Nucleus of an atom 5.2 Radioactive decay 10 5.3 Radioisotopes 5.4 Nuclear energy 5.5 Management of radioactive 25 24
current
no of turn/magnetic strength no of turn for secondary coil no of turn for primary/secondary coil
magnetic strength/ no of turn no of turn for primary coil soft iron/seloinoid
induced current/voltage frequency
angle of deflection
magnetic strength
voltage supply
thikness of aluminium
count rate
radioactice source
LAMPIRAN 2 SKEMA CHARACTERISTIC ATAU PROPERTIES BAGI SOALAN MODIFICATION DAN MAKING DICISION BI L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Chapter 1/2/3 (FORCES AND MOTION/PRESSURE) ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFI REASON/EXPLANATION CATION More sensitif/more accurate/suitable to measure a The small reading of scale 0.01 cm small length Front and rear crumple zones to increase time of impact //to reduce impulsive force. will inflate during collision/to prevent driver and Air bags passenger colliding with steering wheel and dashboard. to lengthen the time of impact so as to reduce Dashboard - made of soft material impulsive force. Seat belt to prevent passengers thrown foward due to it inertia Headrest to prevent head thrown back due to it inertia To withstand greater pressure at the bottom as the Thicker wall at the base pressure increases with depth The wall is constructed using stronger To avoid the wall from breaking / To increase the materials / Using reinforce concrete strength of the wall / To avoid leaking To avoid flooding / To channel away the overflow Equipped with the water overflow system water The mass must be high so that the vehicles becomes more stable the types of engine is diesel so the cost is low the diameter of the tyre must be bigger so the pressure is low // more stable Streamline / larus reduce the resistance of water/ kurangkan rintangan air Low Density /ketumpatan rendah higher buoyant force/ daya apungan tinggi
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
Specific heat capacity high / muatan haba tentu tinggi High strength / Kekuatan tinggi Material made from glass Small diameter of capillary tube High density of shots/added more Big diameter of bottom bulb Aerodynamics / cone shape at top Small mass Less than half of the bottle filled with water(water roket) 3 or 4 wings Angle of projection = 45 degree Low density of an object Higher density High engine power High spring constant // stiffer spring Wide tyre // smooth tyre use a spring with a bigger diameter the spring is made from steel a larger k(spring constant) spring is greatly compressed slope of inclined plane is 45 degrees The melting point should be high The material must be very strong Shaped with a curved surface at the top and a flat surface at the bottom(aerodynamic) Run with higher speed Bend pole greater // jump when the pole is maximum bend Elastic pole // strong material // low density Wear fit attire Use mattress/soft material Made of concrete thicker wall at the bottom height from ground is high(dam) Wide base cross section area High volume of air space in the ship Spring arrange in parallel Spring with thicker wire Spring with smaller diameter of coil Rope with small diameter(parachute) Long stem(for hydrometer) Stem with smaller diameter Low rate of rusting Semicircular curve shaped(for slope) Smooth surface Synthetic material
absorbs heat slowly/serap haba dengan perlahan Difficult to damage / sukar rosak Glass does not corrode with acid To increase the sensitivity of the hydrometer Makes the hydrometer stays upright/lower center of gravity To obtaine a bigger upthrust/stability Reducing of air friction Higher rate of acceleration/easy to carry Enough space for increasing air pressure/ Big buoyant force The stability of the rocket Increase the flight distance So that it is lighter/accelerate faster Bigger inertia/stability To produce high acceleration// high resultant force So that the spring is stiffer // motorcycle bounce less // less vibration To increase stability // to reduce friction so that k is bigger the type of material influences k produces a bigger elastic PE. elastic P E changes to K E so that elastic Potential Energy is bigger so that distance is maximum To be able to withstand high To be able to withstand very strong force To achieve an upward lifting force when moving at high speed To increase kinetic energy Increase elastic potential energy So that the pole can return to it original shape // So that it will not break // light Reduce air resistance increase time of collision // reduce impulsive force//increase landing time Stronger / Not easy to break // metal can rust easily able to withstand the higher pressure at the bottom to produce a greater difference in pressure So that ship can float//prevent from overturn // ship more stable // ship not sink deeper Produce air buoyant force// ship can float The spring sistem is stiffer/less extension/less elastic The spring is stiffer/wire not easily break Increase the stiffness of the spring//can with stand higher force Accupy less space/less mass Cover a wider range of densities Sink more and increase the sensitivity To ensure tha material last longer Exchange between KE and GPE easily Easily to move/reduce frictional force Light weight/air-proof material
Chapter 4 (HEAT) 48 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
BI L
ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFI CATION
REASON/EXPLANATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 BI L 1 2 3 4 5
the lid of the pan designed to lower the air pressure inside the pan the lid of the pan made of substance which has weak conductivity of heat Made from material with low specific heat capacity Made from a low density material Made from material that is not easily corroded or oxidized The handle of the pot is made from material with high specific heat capacity The pot is designed to have vertical compartments which can be added or removed High melting point Liquid that difficult to compress. High degree of hardness Large numbers of fin blade Big size of fan High boiling point High specific heat capacity Increase the length/area of cooling coil A storage tank must be place at a higher level Pipe embedded in plate must be long The pipe inside the plate must be made of metal thermometer is made from strong transparent glass the thermometric liquid chosen is mercury the capillary tube is made narrow and thin the shape of the thermometer is round the thermometer is placed in melting ice the thermometer is placed in steam Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box Smaller size of ice cream box Plastic PVC Bright colour of outer box Use insulator behind the absorber panel Use an absorber panel which is painted black.
the boiling point of water decreased heat will not absorbed by the the lid,so heat will not lost to surrounding Temperature in the pot can be increased quickly when heated. This saves fuel / cooking gas. Pot is light and more portable Pot is more durable and will not contaminate the food with dangerous material The handle becomes hot slower and can be held without scorching the hand This makes the pot versatile because different food can be cooked at the same time Does not melt easily if there is an increase in temperature. Pressure will be transmited uniformly in all directions/ flows easily Can withstand great force / does not break easily Increase surface area // release heat quickly // engine cools quickly Can suck more air // more air can be blow to the engine /Can cool down a larger area Not easily to vaporize // the volume of liquid reduce slowly // takes a longer time to boil Takes a longer time to become hot // the rise in temperature is slow increase the resistance/Can transfer the heat faster to the surrounding To give higher pressure will enlarge surface area will absorbs heat faster Metal is a good heat conductor,so it will transmit heat to water easily/resistance hih so that it is not easily broken because it easily expands uniformly so that it is more sensitive so that it has a magnifying effect to obtain the lower point to obtain the upper point Easy get cold // becomes cool quickly Easier to carry // easy too become cool Poor conductor of heat Does not absorb heat from surrounding quickly To prevent the loss of heat energy A black surface is a good absorber of radiation so it will absorb heat faster
Chapter 5 (LIGHT) ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFI REASON/EXPLANATION CATION Allow more light to involve in total internal Small critical angle. reflection strong material not easily broken. flexible material. Can easily change the shape. fine diameter can enter small holes. High refractive index Total internal reflection can occur easily
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Optical fibre in a bundle Material with weak rigidity Material with great strength A plane mirror mounted on an adjustable arm Use a converging mirror instead of plane mirror Place the filament at the centre of curvature of the converging mirror // use high powered lens Use heat filter Electric fan operates during and after the lamp is switched on Shorter // smaller size of binocular Use prism to make the total internal refleclection occur Higher density Ojective lens with larger diameter Eyepiece with higher power Shorter focal length Convex lense u a bit bigger than f periscope 2 plane mirror/prism Casing to hold the mirror Convex mirror Optcal fibre with higher densities/ refrative index inner compare than outer ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/M ODIFICATION Build near bay
Large number of signal/higher intensity of light can propagate The optical fibre can be bent easily The optical fibre can last longer/not easily spoil Reflects light to the vertical screen, corrects lateral and vertical inversion Focus the light directly to the lens // increase the intensity of light. Light goes directly from the lamp and reflect back on the same path // increase the intensity of light towards the transparency // to get brighter image To absorb excess heat to the transparency Cooling system to stabilize the temperature (heat energy produced by filament bulb) easy to carry Produce upright image Higher refractive indeks More light passes through the lens Shorter focal length Higher power/increase the magnification Can produce real image Produce maximum magnification Cheaper than cctv Can reflect light from object Easier to handle periscope Wider field view To ensure total internal reflection occur
Chapter 6 (WAVE) BI L 1 REASON/EXPLANATION Waves are calmer due to divergence of energy/ Convergence of waves at the cape/The bay is shallower . The speed of waves decreases./The amplitude of waves at the bay is small. Reduce direct impact of the waves on the shore. To reflect the waves from the shore./Protect the area from large waves /avoid erosion Waves passing through the gap will be diffracted in the childrens area/the smaller amplitude of the diffracted waves causes the sea to be calmer there energy of waves decreases. To ensure the water not overflow. To withstand high pressure at the base Easy to diffract Diffraction more obvious Can transfer more energy
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Build retaining walls Concrete barrier structure with a gap in between Build high retaining wall Thick area at the base of the wall Long wavelength Short Slit Ultrasonic wave
Chapter 7/8 (ELECTRIC & ELECTROMAGNET) ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MO REASON/EXPLANATION DIFICATION Allow each electric appliances to be switched on and off The electric appliances are connected 1 independently/Higher voltage in parallel One appliaces damage the another can still function 2 Fit fuse at the live wire in the fuse To stop the flow of current by melting when a high voltage 51 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I BI L
box/Use miniature circuit breakers (mcbs) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Earth connection to the metal case of electrical appliances Use low power lamps / install fluorescent lamp Regularly cleaning and removing dust from the air filters of air conditioners Low power lamp High efficiency Long life span Low price/cost Smaller surface area High melting point Long (coiled) metal Low rate of oxidation Low resistance Low resistivity Low rate of thermal expansion use thin diaphragm Use strong material More number of turns of coil Thicker diameter of wire of coil Using more powerful magnet to increase the strength of the magnetic field Change slip rings with commutator Use stronger magnet Use more number of turn for the coil/ Increase the speed of rotation Diameter should be large The rate of expansion should be low Use capacitor Using concave surface soft iron Using a laminated iron core Thick copper wire Using soft iron for the core Winding the secondary and primary coils on top each other.
of electric current flows through the circuit // switches itself off very quickly if the current exceeds Earth wire connected to earth, so that when a fault occurs and a current flows through the live wire and the earth wire, the fuse in the live wire will blow and cut off the supply. To reduce the energy use/do not waste the electrical energy To make sure the appliaces function effectively Safe cost//electric bill The room looks brighter//high output power//less power wastage No need to replace often Save money/cost the resistance is higher not easy to melt to increase the resistance Does not oxidize easily / can be used for a longer period Current will increase / more heat will be produced To reduce heat loss in the cables The cables will not expand under hot weather Easy to vibrate Not easy to break Increase the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage // The magnitude of the induced current or is also increased reduce the resistance of the coil Increase the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage //The magnitude of the induced current or induced electromotive force is also increased To reverse contact with brushes so that the current flow in same direction in external circuit To increase the magnetic field strength Increase the rate of change of magnetic field/increase the induced current to reduce the resistance of the cables So there is less expansion and less sagging in the cables during hot days To smoothen the current produced/to store electric charge Produce radial magnetic field to ensure smooten rotatation Reduce Eddy current in iron core reduce the resistance of the coil Reduce the hysterisis loss. Easy to magnetize and demagnitize Reduce Leakage of Magnetic Flux
BI L 1 2 3 4 5
Chapter 9 (RADIOACTIVE) ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MO REASON/EXPLANATION DIFICATION The half-life should be a few days This allows for the location to be detected and thereafter the long radioactive contamination is reduced The source should emit particles This enables the radiation to be detected above the ground/high penetrating power The detector should be able to detect High ionising particles like and particles are absorbed by particles (low ionising particles) the ground Has a long half-life Can be used for a long time hence save cost Can penetrate box and liquid and is less Emits beta dangerous than gamma
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Solid form Low ionising power Higher ionising power
Easy to handle and contain. Does not change the state and taste of juice Easy for the medium to conduct electricity
LAMPIRAN 3 SOALAN UNDERSTANDING TINGKATAN 4 CHAPTER 1 4. Explain the differences between accuracy and consistency of a measuring instrument by using suitable examples. Accuracy is the ability of the instrument to give readings close to the actual value. The value determined is accurate if it is near to the actual value The consistency of a measuring instrument is the ability of instrument to record consistent readings for each measurement with little deviation among readings. The measurement is consistent if the values determined are close to each other. CHAPTER 2 5. To accelerate 2 objects with the same acceleration, the heavier object needs a bigger force. Explain the statement. Higher mass, higher inertia To accelerate an object, need to overcome the inertia first. 53 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
Therefore, more force is needed for heavier object. 6. Can you explain why the passenger thrown forward when the bus suddenly stop and the head of the passenger were thrown back when the car started moving. When the bus was moving, the passenger were also moving at the same speed as the bus. When the bus stopped, the passengers continued moving. Hence, they were thrown foward. The people in the car tried to remain in their state of rest when the car started moving. Hence, they were thrown back. In both situations, the passengers were resisting a change in their state of motion and also known as Inertia. The concept of inertia also known as Newtons First Law of Motion, which states that an object will remain at rest or continue with a constant speed in a straight line unless an external forces acting on it 7. Can you explain why a maximum speed of supertanker might need to stop its engine over a distance of about 3 km before it can come to stop.
A supertanker at a state of motions and have a maximum velocity. A supertanker has a larger mass. A larger mass have a lot/larger inertia. When the engine stop, the supertanker will continue it state of motions. So it take a longer distance/time to stop due to its has a larger inertia. 8. Explain why a softball player moves his hand backwards while catching a fast moving ball. Other situation: bend our knee after jump? A soft ball has a high velocity. A soft ball has a high momentum. The soft ball player move his hand backward to increase time impact. The higher the time impact will reduce impulsive force. So we will not feel hurt. 9. Diagram (a) shows two identical spherical plasticine balls before being released from the same height. Diagram (b) shows the state of the
10. Explain how the forces between the molecules caused the elasticity when the spring is compressed and stretched. There are two types of force; attraction and repulsive force between the particles of the solid. When the solid is stretched, the molecules displaced away from each other Attractive forces are acting to oppose the stretching When the solid is compressed, the molecules displaced closer to each other Repulsive forces are acting to oppose the compression 11. Terangkan bagaimana anda boleh menentukan ketumpatan bagi penyumbat gabus. timbang jisim gabus ikat gabus dengan pemberat dan masukan dalam silinder penyukat perubahan isipadu air bersamaan dengan isipadu gabus ketumpatan gabus = jisim perisipadu 12. Using the principle of conservation of momentum, explain the working principle of the rocket. Fuel burns in the combustion chamber Hot gases expelled at high speed backwards A large backwards momentum is produced The rocket gains forwards momentum of equal magnitude 13. Why the boy with mass 40kg slides down the flume when the angle of inclination is 30 o and remains stationary when the angle of inclination is 17.5o.(the frictional force is 120N)
plasticine balls when they hit the wood and the sponge. It was observed that the plasticine stopped more quickly when it hit the wood.
Explain the changes in energy that occur from the moment the plasticine ball is released until reaches the position in Diagram (b) Before released, the plasticine has Gravitational Potential energy . When falling , Gravitational Potential energy changes to Kinetic energy When the plasticine hits the surface of wood , the Kinetic energy changes to Heat energy / / Sound energy The energy / work done is use to changes the shape of sponge
Boy slide down when component of weight parallel to the slope is higher than frictional force Resultant force acting to produced acceleration Boy remain stationary when component of weight parallel to the slope is equal to frictional force Resultant force is equal to zero make the boy in force equilibrium
14. Explain why the boat moves away from the jetty as a boy jumps out of the boat onto the river bank.
When the boy jumps onto the river bank, his momentum is forward. Using the Principle of conservation of momentum the total momentum before and after jumping is equal The boat moves backward to balance the forward momentum 15. Explain why the need of steel structure and the separate compartments to build in lorry carrying heavy load. The inertia of lorry and load is very big when it is moving The separate compartments make the load divided into smaller mass, thus reducing the inertia of each unit. The momentum of lorry and load is very big when it is moving and produce a bigger impulsive force. The steel structure will prevent the loads from smashing into the drivers compartment during emergency braking.
The concept involve is archimedes principle
18. Exlplain how the brake system operates when the car needs to slow down. When the brake is pressed ,a force is applied to the piston and pressure is exerted. Pressure is transmitted uniformly throughout the brake fluid. Force is exerted on the piston of the brake pads Brake pads will press against the brake discs.
19. The toothpaste flows out of its tube while squeezing at the bottom end Explain how the toothpaste flows out and name a physics principle related to it. Force is applied to the toothpaste (tube) Will produced a pressure The toothpaste carry the pressure and apply the pressure of the equal magnitude to the whole tube
16. Why we feel easier to pull the wheel barrow compared to push the wheel barrow? The object on the wheel barrow has a weight When we push the wheel barrow there is a force acting on the ground in the same direction as the weight. So the total force acting on the ground is the weight and the force produced when we push the wheel barrow. When we pull the wheel barrow the force produced is in opposite direction with the weight. So the total force acting on the floor is a weight less the force produced when we pull the wheel barrow CHAPTER 3 17. Explain why the wooden block move upwards and then float on the water surface when it release from the above of the water surface. Buoyant force increase when the volume of water displace increase. Buoyant force higher than weight of block. Boyant force pushed the wooden block upward. The wooden block then float because the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the wooden block
20. Explain how a submarine is able to submerge into deep sea water Valve release air from ballast tank. Sea water flooded ballast tank The weight of water displaced is smaller. Buoyant force < Weight of the submarine
21. Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas rises up in The balloon acted by two forces: Upthrust and the weight of the balloon The density of helium gas is less than the density of surrounding air Upthrust equals to the weight of the air displaced by the ballloon Upthrust is higher than the weight of the balloon
22. Diagram shows a copper block and a bowl shape copper sheet of same mass.
difference in pressure occurs/atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure inside the vacuum cleander forced is exerted in/pushed in the dirt. Explain why the copper block sink in water but the bowl shape copper sheet floats on water two forces act on the copper block and bowl are uptrust and weight Uptrust small because small volume // vise versa The average density of cooper sheet is smaller than density of water. Cooper sheet will float. Block sink because weight > uptrust Sheet float because weight = uptrust 26. Bunsen burner burning with yellow flame . Explain how a blue flame can be produced. High velocity of gas produce low pressure at the jet Higher atmospheric pressure pushes the air inside and mix with the gas Complete mixture of combustion will produce blue flame Enlarge the orifice to allow more air
27.
23. Diagram shows a cross-sectional of a wing of a moving aeroplane. The wing of the aeroplane experiences a lift force. Explain why the lift force acts on the wing of the aeroplane.
The roof of a house being lifted by strong winds. Explain why. the strong wind above the roof is moving very fast While the air in the house is at rest according to bernaoulli principle the higher the velocity, the lower the pressure pressure inside the house is higher than the outside. a force is generated by the difference in pressure which is strong enough to lift the roof.
Higher velocity on the upper surface and lower velocity on the lower surface Thus produced lower pressure on the upper surface and higher pressure on the lower surface Lift force = difference in pressure x area of surface
28. Explain why the hovercraft moves with constant velocity in terms of the force acting on it The forward force = friction // forward thrust
= drag
The resultant force is zero The hovercraft is in force in equilibrium
24. Explain the principle of Insect Piston Spray When the piston is pushed, air is forced out through the jet of gas at a high speed. According to Bernoullis Principle , the pressure of the moving air decreases as the speed of the air increases . The higher atmospheric pressure in the insect poison container will push the insect poison liquid up through the narrow metallic tube.
CHAPTER 4
29. Water is used as a cooling agent in a radiator. Explain how water is used as a cooling agent in the radiator. Water has high specific heat capacity When water in tube passes through the engine it can absorb large amount of heat energy Once water reach the radiator, the heat of the water absorbed by the fin blade of the radiator The same time the fan in the radiator push the heat out of the car.
25. Explain how the vacuum cleaner is able to remove dust from the floor the fan blow air out of the vent produce a partial vacuum area in the vacuum cleaner 56 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
30. Terangkan bagaimana proses sejatan mengakibatkan suhu cecair berkurang.
Di dalam air terdapat molekul yang sentiasa bergerak pada halaju berbeza Dipermukaan air molekul-molekul berhalaju tinggi memperolehi tenaga kinetik tinggi Ikatan antara molekul diatasi dan terbebas ke udara Air kehilangan molekul berhalaju tinggi jadi TK air rendah, suhu berkurang 31. According to the principle of thermal equilibrium and the working principle of a thermometer, explain how a doctor can check his patient temperature during medical treatment. Thermometer is placed in the mouth of patient, Heat is transferred from patients body to the thermometer. Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and patients body is reached when the net rate of heat transfer is zero. The thermometer and the patients body are at the same temperature. The thermometer reading shows the temperature of the patients body.
34. Apabila beberapa titik ether terkena tangan seorang pelajar, tangannya merasa sejuk. Terangkan bagaimana ini berlaku. takat didih eter adalah rendah suhu tangan lebih tinggi dari suhu eter menyebabkan haba mengalir dari tangan ke eter eter meruap//membawa haba pendam pengewapan menyebabkan suhu tangan turun dan terasa sejuk 35. Your body sweats when you are feeling hot.How does sweating helps to cool down your body? When we do the activity using the movement of our body a sweat will poduce. Acctually water evaporates from the skin when we sweat. In the process of evaporation the change of phase of matter from liquid to steam occur. The heat is needed to change this phase is call the latent heat of vapourisation. So we feel cool when evaporation occur due to the release of heat in our body. Factor influence the process: air velocity, temperature and humidity. 36. We cannot use a cooling system of a refrigerator to cool the hot room. Explain why? Cooling system of a refrigerator is smaller Less cool air from refrigerator flow out compare to the hot air flow in Position of refrigerator is on the floor The cool air does not flow upward
32. Explain the changes which occur in the liquid naphthalene when it is cooled until it changes from the liquid to the solid state. As liquid naphthalene cools, it loses energy to surroundings Its temperature begins to fall until it reaches freezing point 800C At its freezing point, naphthalene begins to solidify. Although it is losing its energy to surroundings, its temperature remains constant because the average kinetic energy remains constant
33. Why the ice cube stick to the wet finger. Not to dry Finger? Ice cube melt will absorb the heat The heat is known as latent heat of fusion When our finger wet it has a small amount of heat and it will absorb by the ice cube. The heat release from water cause it to be frozen. So the ice cube and finger will stick together due to the frozen of water Further more finger have a rough surface and it helps the ice stick to our finger
37. Why we put the fishes in the ice cube rather than cold water? Ice melts need heat known as latent heat of fusion Heat is absorb from the fish. Fish will release it heat until the temperature equal to 0 Cold water not experience a change of phase So just the process of thermal equilibrium happen when they in thermal contact. The lower temperature not to be 0 degree.
38. Cuaca yang paling sejuk dialami pada penghujung musim sejuk, iaitu apabila salji mulai melebur. Jelaskan kenapa? salji perlukan haba untuk melebur haba tersebut adalah haba pendam tentu iaitu untuk menukarkan fasa pepejal kepada cecair lebih banyak haba diserap dari persekitaran 39. Using kinetic theory of gasses, explain how the pressure increase when the temperature increase in the pressure cooker. Molecules moving freely in random motion When temperature increase, kinetic energy//velocity increase Molecules strike the walls of pressure cooker more frequently The rate of change of momentum increase Force exerted on the walls increase, pressure (P = F/A) increase
The layers of air nearer the road warmer. The density of air decrease nearer to the road surface. The light travel from denser to less dense area. The light refract away from the normal When the angle of incidence exceed the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs
43. Diagram shows a ray of light directed perpendicularly at a side of the semi circular glass block. The ray passes through the glass block to a point O before leaving the glass block. The angle of incidence in the glass block is 30 .
40. In the morning feel hot at the sea .Explain why this phenomenon happens? During the day,the land and the sea receive the same amount of heat from the sun Water has a higher specific capacity than the land The land is heated to a higher temperature than the sea The density of the air above the sea is higher than the density of the air above the land The air above the land flows up and the air above the sea flows towards the land CHAPTER 5 41. Tousrist at a beach observing the sunset. Explain why the tourist can still able to see the sun even though it has already set. Refraction of light ray occurs Light travels from less dense to a denser medium The light will bend towards the normal In the observer eyes, the sun is still not setting as they can still see the image from refraction Explain how total internal reflection occurs in diagram above? Increase the angle of incidence,i, then angle of refraction,r will also increase Keep on increasing the angle of incidence until angle of refraction is 90 The angle of incidence is called critical angle Increase the angle of of incidence more than the critical angle, the ray will be reflected.
44. Explain why a piece of paper burns when placed under a convex lens aimed towards hot sun rays. The parallel rays of the sun will pass through the a convex lens After entering the lens, the light rays is focused at the principal focus of the lens At the principal focus, the light ray is focused on one small area Heat energy causes an increase in temperature, the paper starts to burn
42. While driving a car on a hot day, you may see a mirage on the road. Explain how mirage occurred. 58 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
45. Explain how you would estimate the focal length of a convex lens in your school laboratory .
The convex lens is aimed/focused to a distant object (infinity) The screen is adjusted until a sharp image is formed on the screen The distance between the screen and the lens is measuredl Focal length = distance between the screen and the lens
The depth of the water decreasing as it travel towards the shore. The velocity and wavelength is decreasing due to the wave travel from the depth to the shallow area. The wave will bend and change their direction(refraction occurs). So, wave front of sea water will follow the shape of the shore. 50. Explain why strong double-glazed glass is used as walls of the observation tower in an airport. All particles in a material/matter/glass vibrate at its natural frequency The airplane engine produces noise which cause the air to vibrate Due to resonance, the glass vibrate at a higher/maximum amplitude Need strong glasses to withstand the effect of resonance which vibrate with high amplitude so that it does not brek easily 51. How can when the oprah singer sing can make the glass break. The singer sing with a certain frequency and produce sound energy The energy is transferred to the glass Resonance occures when the forced frequency made by the singer is the same as the natural frequency of the glass The glass will vibrate with maximum amplitude Increase in energy transferred may cause the glass to break
46. It is known that the sky is red during sunset and the formation of rainbow on the sky always appeared after raining. Explain these phenomena. Light consisting of seven colours. Red has the longest wave length and the last to refracted during sunset. A droplet of water trap in the atmosphere after raining acts a lens. Light travel through this water droplet and undergo the process of refraction ,total internal reflection and dispersion of light occurred.
47. The sound wave from the train(etc) can be heard loudly and clearly at night. Why? Air near the ground colder tha above air Air layer the ground more denser Sound travel slower in cold air/wavelength decrease in cold air Sound bend toward the observer/sound bend away to normal TINGKATAN 5 CHAPTER 6 48. Terangkan bagaimana kedalaman laut boleh diukur. kedalaman laut boleh diukur menggunakan peralatan OSK dan hidrofon hidrofon boleh mengesan gelombang ultrasonik dalam air yang dipancarkan OSK boleh menyukat masa pantulan gelombang selepas dipancarkan dan kembali semula kepada penerima. Kedalaman boleh dihitung menggunakan rumus v = (2d/t) 49. Can you explain why the wave front of sea water will follow the shape of the shore when it approaches the shore?
52. Descibe the movement of two similiar ships that are located at A and B. Explain? The ship at A will move up and down Because constructive inteference happens at point A The ship will remain calm at location B Because destructive inteference happens at point B
CHAPTER 7 53. Explain the advantages of parallel circuit in a house wiring system.

A parallel circuit can run several devices using the full voltage of the supply. If one device fails, the others will continue running normally If the device shorts, the other devices will receive no voltage, preventing overload
damage.
kedua-dua pembakar roti mempunyai voltan kerja yang sama kuasa elemen pemanas = V2/R //kuasa elemen pemanas berkadar songsang dengan rintangan pembakar roti dengan kuasa yang lebih tinggi mempunyai elemen pemanas dengan rintangan yang lebih kecil 57. Explain why the bulb connected to two dry cells lights up brighter than one bulb connected to one dry cell. The two dry cells are connected in parallel The effective e.m.f. remains the same The effective internal resistance of the two cells is smaller A larger current will flow through the bulb to make it brighter 58. Sebuah bateri yang terdiri daripada dua buah sel kering berlabel 1.5 V disambungkan kepada sebuah mentol 2.5V 0.3 A. Didapati bahawa mentol itu menyala dengan kecerahan normal apabila suis dihidupkan. Terangkan mengapa mentol itu menyala dengan kecerahan normal walaupun d.g.e bateri lebih besar daripada voltan metol itu. bateri mempunyai rintangan dalam sebahagian daripada d.g.e bateri hilang di dalam bateri/sebahagian digunakan untuk mengatasi rintangan dalam voltan//beza keupayaan yang dibekalkan kepada mentol hampir sama dengan voltan kerja mentol CHAPTER 8 59. The acceleration of a magnet that drops vertically into a solenoid is much smaller than the gravitational acceleration. Explain the statement. Magnetic flux change in the solenoid Induced current generates in the solenoid Direction of induced current always flows in the direction to generate magnetic pole to oppose the pole of the falling magnet. Therefore, acceleration is lower 60. Explain how the electromagnet crane can be used to lift scrap metal. Current flow through the solenoid, magnetic field is produced Soft iron core will be magnetized
A failure of one component does not lead to the failure of the other components. More components may be added in parallel without the need for more voltage. Each electrical appliance in the circuit has it own switch
54. Explain why a three pin plug is more suitable

compared with a two pin plug. Two pin plug has no earth wire while three pin plug has earth wire Using 2 pin plug, if there is leakage of current it will also flow through the metal
body while using 3 pin plug if there is leakage of current it will flow to the ground
The person who touches the metal body will experiences electric shock while using
3 pin plug, the current will be earthed
Using 2 pin is not safe to the consumer while using 3 pin plug is more safer to the
consumer
55. What happen to the candle flame when it place between 2 metal plate supply with Extra High Tension (EHT). Candle flame spread into two Heat from candle produced ion Positive charge will attracted to negative plate while negative charge will atracted to positive plate Candle flame spread wider to negative plate because positive charge is more haviear than negative charge
56. Pembakar roti T bertanda 240 V, 650 W dan pembakar roti U bertanda 240 V, 840 W. Tentukan pembakar roti yang manakah mempunyai elemen pemanas dengan rintangan yang lebih kecil. pembakar roti U 60 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
The scrap metal attracted to the iron core No current flow soft iron demagnetized or
metal scrap fall down 61. Most of our electric energy comes from hydroelectric power stations and thermal power station. These power station are connected by cables to transmit electricity to users in industries, offices, schools and houses. This system is called the national grid network. Explain briefly the importance of the national grid network system in distributing electric energy to the users. The electrical supply is continuous, although there is faulty in one of the power station The electrical energy from other station is directed to the the affected areas The electrical energy from other area is directed to the areas that need more energy The overall cost of production of electricity can be reduced
So the magnetic field will be stronger in the middle. 63. Using the concept of the magnetic effect of an electric current, explain with the aid of diagrams how forces are produced on a wire in the coil of direct current electric motor? The (magnadur) magnets produce a magnetic field / diagram The current in the wire produces a magnetic field / diagram The two magnetic fields interact/combine to form a resultant / catapult field / diagram The motor will rotate due to the differences of force produce//turning effect from this two forces S N
64. Explain how the generator works to produce direct current. rotate the coil in clock wise direction the coil cut across the magnetic field current is induced in the coil the commutator change the direction in the coil so that the direction of current in external circuit always the same.
62. Diagram shows the pattern of magnetic field formed when current flows in a coil. Explain why the magnetic field strength is greater at the center compared to the edge. The direction of the magnetic field on the left coil is anti clockwise The direction of the magnetic field on the right coil is clockwise
65. Explain the working principle of a transformer. When a.c. voltage is supplied to primary coil, (alternating current will flow) and the soft iron core is magnetized. The magnet produced varies in magnitude and direction. This causes a changing magnetic flux pass through the secondary coil. An induced e.m.f. across the secondary coil is produced
66. Explain the working principle of an electric bell. As the result the magnetic fields in the middle of the coil are in the same direction, ie upward. When the bell is pressed, a current flows in the coils of the electromagnet, causing the electromagnet to be magnetized.
The magnetized electromagnet attracts the soft-iron armature, causing the hammer to strike the gong. The movement of the armature breaks the circuit and causes the electromagnet to lose it magnetism. The light spring pulls the armature back, remaking the contact and completing the circuit again. The cycle is repeated so long as the bell push is pressed and continuous ringing occurs. CHAPTER 9
Put the radioactive source opposite the detector Detector is connected to the thickness indicator Detector detect the reading of the changes in counts Thickness is measured with the thickness indicator If the reading of the detector is less than the specified value, the thickness of the paper is too tick/ vice versa
67. Explain how the green shadow produced in the CRO screen? 6V heater supply produced electron on it surface When 3 kV power supply are connected Cathode rays/electron acceleratel in a straight line. Cathode rays carry kinetic energy and converts to light energy when they hit the screen .
70. Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction. Describe how the chain reaction occurs in a nuclear fission of an atom of Uranium- 235. Neutron bombarded a uranium nucleus and produced three neutral neutron The new neutron bombarded a new uranium nucleus For every reaction, the neutrons produced will generate a chain reaction Diagram of chain reaction
71. Runut alfa yang diperhatikan di dalam kebuk awan resapan adalah lurus dan tebal. Jelaskan bagaimanakah runut alfa terbentuk dan mengapakah runut itu tebal dan lurus. Zarah mengionkan molekul-molekul udara Wap lampau tepu memeluwap pada ionion yang terbentuk Runut tebal disebabkan kuasa pengionan zarah alfa adalah tinggi//zarah alfa menghasilkan banyak ion. Runut lurus kerana zarah alfa mempunyai jisim yang lebih tinggi 72. Explain how radioisotopes can be used to detect the
location of the leakage
68. Explain why the bulb light up at night At night resistance LDR increases VBE increases (higher than 0.7 V for Si) Ib increases and switch on transistor Ic, increases and lights up bulb CHAPTER 10 69. Radioisotope Strontium-90 is used to measure the thickness of paper in a paper industry Explain how Strontium-90 is used to measure the thickness piece of paper?
Radioisotope is injected into the pipe The water in the pipe flow with the radioisotope G-M tube as detector is used to find the leakage across the pipe Reading on detector increases when near a leakage
LAMPIRAN 4 KNOWLEDGE/DEFINATION
BAB 1 ITEM Derived quantity (Kuantiti DEFINATION A physical quantity derived from combinations of base quantities through
terbitan) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Error (Ralat) Hypothesis (Hipotesis) Inference (Inferens) Physical quantity (Kuantiti fizik) Prefix (Imbuhan) Random error (Ralat rawak) Scalar quantity (Kuantiti skalar) Scientific notation/Standard form (Bentuk piawai) Sensitivity (Kepekaan) Systematic error (Ralat sistematik) Variable (Pembolehubah) Vector quantity (Kuantiti vektor) Zero error (Ralat sifar) Accuracy (Kejituan) Base quantity (Kuantiti asas) Consistency (Kepersisan) Displacement (Sesaran) Distance (Jarak) Efficiency (Kecekapan) Elastic potential energy (Tenaga keupayaan kenyal) Elasticity (Kekenyalan) Energy (Tenaga) Free fall (Jatuh bebas) Gravitational acceleration (Pecutan graviti) Gravitational field (Medan graviti) Gravitational field strength (Kekuatan medan graviti) Gravitational potential energy (Tenaga keupayaan graviti) Hooke's law (Hukum Hooke) Impulse (Impuls) Impulsive force (Daya impuls) Inertia (Inersia) Kinetic energy (Tenaga kinetik) Mass (Jisim) Momentum (Momentum) Non-renewable energy resource (Sumber tenaga yang tidak boleh
multiplication or division or both multiplication and division. The difference between the measured value and the actual value. A statement of an expected outcome that usually states the relationship between two or more variables intended to be given a direct experimental test. An initial interpretation or explanation concerning the observation. A quantity that can be measured. A word, letter or value used to simplify the description of the magnitude of a physical quantity that either very big or very small. Error due to mistakes made when making measurement either through incorrect positioning of the eye or the instrument when making measurement. A physical quantity that has magnitude only. A way to write a numerical magnitude in the form A x 10", where 1 A < 10 and n is an integer. The ability of a measuring instrument to detect a small change in the quantity to be measured. An error which may be due to the error in the calibration of an instrument. A physical quantity that can be varied in an experiment. There are three types of variables; manipulated variable, responding variable and fixed variable. A physical quantity that has magnitude and direction. Error due to non-zero reading when the actual reading should be zero Accuracy of a measurement is how close the measurement made is to the actual value. A physical quantity that cannot be defined in terms of other quantities. Consistency of an instrument is the ability of the instrument to measure a quantity with little or no deviation among measurements. The length of the straight line connecting the two locations, in a specified direction. The total length of the path travelled from one location to another. The percentage of the input energy that is transformed into useful energy. The energy stored in an object when it is extended or compressed by a force. A property of matter that enables an object to return to its original size and shape when the force that was acting on it is removed. The capacity of a system to enable it to do work. The motion when an object is acted upon by a gravitational force in the gravitational field. The acceleration of an object due to the pull of the gravitational force. A region in which an object experiences a force due to the gravitational attraction towards the centre of the Earth. The gravitational force acting on a mass of 1 kg placed at a point in the gravitational field. The energy of an object due to its higher position in the gravitational field. The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force provided the elastic limit is not exceeded. The quantity of impulsive force multiplied by time. The rate of change of momentum. The inertia of an object is the tendency of the object to remain at rest or, if moving, to continue its uniform motion in a straight line. The energy of an object due to its motion. The amount of matter in an object. The momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity. An energy resource that cannot be replaced once it has been used.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
diperbaharui) Renewable energy resource (Sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui) Resultant force (Daya paduan) Speed (Laju) Velocity (Halaju) Weight (Berat) Work (Kerja) Acceleration (Pecutan) Pascal's principle (Prinsip Pascal) Pressure (Tekanan) Archimedes' principle (Prinsip Archimedes) Atmospheric pressure (Tekanan atmosfera) Bernoulli's principle (Prinsip Bernoulli) Buoyant force (Daya apungan) Heat capacity (Muatan haba) Latent heat (Haba pendam) Melting point (Takat lebur) Pressure law (Hukum tekanan) Specific heat capacity (Muatan haba tentu) Specific latent heat of fusion (Haba pendam tentu pelakuran) Specific latent heat of vaporisation (Haba pendam tentu pengewapan) Temperature (Suhu) Thermal equilibrium (Keseimbangan terma) Thermometer (Termometer) Boiling point (Takat didih) Boyle's law (Hukum Boyle) Charles' law (Hukum Charles) Focal length (Jarak fokus) Focal point (Titik folcus) Interference of waves (Interferens gelombang) Longitudinal wave (Gelombang membujur) Period (Tempoh) Real depth (Dalam nyata) Real image (Imej nyata) Refraction of light
An energy resource that is continually replaced and will not run out. A single force that represents the combined effect of two or more forces by taking into account both the magnitude and the direction of the forces. The distance travelled per unit time. It is also defined as the rate of change of distance. The speed in specified direction. The rate of change of displacement. The force of gravity acting on an object. The product of an applied force and displacement of an object in the direction of the applied force. The rate of change of velocity. Pressure applied to an enclosed liquid is transmitted uniformly to every part of the liquid and to the walls of the container of the liquid. The magnitude of the force acting perpendicular to a surface per unit area of the surface. For a body wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, the upward buoyant force acting on the body is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. The pressure exerted by the atmosphere on the surface of the Earth as well as all objects on the Earth. Where the speed of a fluid is high, the pressure is low, and where the speed is low, the pressure is high. An upward force, resulting from an object being wholly or partially immersed in a fluid. The amount of heat that must be supplied to a body to increase its temperature by 1C. The heat absorbed or the heat released at constant temperature during a change of phase. The temperature at which a substance changes its state from a solid to a liquid. For a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when its volume is kept constant. The amount of heat that must be supplied to increase the temperature by 1C for a mass of 1 kg of the substance. The amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from the solid to liquid phase without a change in temperature. The amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from the liquid to gaseous phase without a change in temperature. The measure of the degree of hotness of an object. A condition where two objects in thermal contact have no net transfer of heat energy between each other. An instrument that measures temperature or the degree of hotness. The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gaseous state, where the change occurs throughout the liquid. For a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature is kept constant. For a fixed mass of gas, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when its pressure is kept constant. The distance between the centre of a lens to its focal point. A common point on a principle axis at which beams of light parallel to the axis converge after passing through a convex lens or appear to diverge from it after passing through a concave lens. The result of the combination of two separate sets of waves with the same frequency. A wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate in the direction parallel to the direction in which the wave moves. The period of an oscillation is the time taken to complete one oscillation. The distance of the real object, 0 from the surface of the water or medium. An image that can be displayed on a screen. The bending of a light ray at the boundary as it travels from one medium to
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
(Pembiasan cahaya) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Resonance (Resonans) Total internal reflection (Pantulan dalam penuh) Transverse wave (Gelombang melintang) Virtual image (Imej maya) Angle of incidence (Sudut tuju) Angle of reflection (Sudut pantulan) Apparent depth (Dalam ketara) Concave lens (Kanta cekung) Convex lens (Kanta cembung) Critical angle (Sudut genting) Diffraction of waves (Belauan gelombang) Electromagnetic spectrum (Spektrum elektromagnet) Frequency (Frekuensi) Node (Nod) Principle of superposition (Prinsip superposisi) Reflection of waves (Pantualan gelombang) Refraction of waves (Pembiasan gelombang) Wave (Gelombang) Wavefront (Muka gelombang) Wavelength (Panjang gelombang) Amplitude (Amplitud) Angle of refraction (Sudut pembiasan) Antinode (Antinod) Coherent waves (Gelombang koheren) Damping (Pelembapan) Electric current (Arus elektrik) Electric field (Medan elektrik) Electric power (Kuasa elektrik) Electrical energy (Tenaga elektrik) Electromotive force (Daya gerak elektrik) Internal resistance (Rintangan dalam) National Grid Network (Rangkaian Grid Nasional) Parallel circuit (Litar selari)
another. An oscillating system is said to be at resonance when it is driven at its natural frequency by a periodic force. Maximum energy transfer to the system occurs and it oscillates at large amplitude. The condition where the angle of incidence, i is increased further so that it is greater than the critical angle, c. The light is no longer refracted but is internally reflected. A wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave moves. An image that can be seen by the observer but not be displayed on a screen. The angle between the incident ray and the normal. The angle between the reflected ray and the normal. The distance of the virtual image, I from the surface of the water. A lens that is thinnest at its centre. It causes parallel rays of light to diverge after passing through this lens. A lens that is thickest at its centre. It causes parallel rays of light to converge after passing through this lens. The angle of incidence in the denser medium when the angle of refraction in the less dense medium is equal to 90. A phenomenon that refers to the spreading out of waves when they move through a gap or round an obstacle. A group of waves with similar natures. The members of the electromagnetic spectrum arranged in increasing frequencies (decreasing wavelengths) are radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays and gamma rays. The frequency of an oscillation is the number of complete oscillations made in one second. A point where a destructive interference occurs. Principle of superposition states that at any time, the combined wave form of two or more interfering waves is given by the sum of displacement of the individual wave at each point of the medium. Reflection of waves occurs when all or part of the waves are deflected after they encounter an obstacle or reflector. Refraction of waves occurs when there is change of direction of the propagation of waves travelling from a medium to another medium due to a change of speed. A travelling disturbance from a vibrating or oscillating source and carries energy along with it in the direction of its propagation. An imaginary line that joins all identical points on a wave. The horizontal distance between two successive equivalent points on a wave. The amplitude of an oscillation is the maximum displacement from the mean position. The angle between the refracted ray and the normal. A point where a constructive interference occurs. Waves having the same wavefront in which the coherent sources of waves maintain a constant phase difference. Damping in an oscillating system occurs when the system loses energy to the surrounding, usually in the form of heat energy. The rate of charge flow in a circuit. A region in which an electric charge experiences an electric force. The rate of electrical energy dissipated or transferred. The energy carried by electrical charges which can be transformed to other forms of energy by the operation of an electrical device or appliance. The work done by a source in driving a unit charge around a complete circuit. The resistance against the moving charge due to the electrolyte in the cell. A network system of cables which connects all the power stations and substations in the country to the consumers in a closed network to transmit electricity. A circuit where all the electrical components are connected side by side and their corresponding ends are joined together to a cell to form separate and parallel
paths for a current to flow. 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Potential difference (Beza keupayaan) Power (Kuasa) Resistance (Rintangan) Reverse biased (Pincang songsang) Series circuit (Litar sesiri) Alternating current (Arus ulangalik) Electromagnet (Elektromagnet) Electromagnetic induction (Aruhan electromagnet) Faraday's law (Hukum Faraday) Lenz's law (Hukum Lenz) Magnetic force (Daya magnet) Transformer (Transformer) Diode (Diod) Direct current (Arus terus) Doping (Pengedopan) Emitter current (Arus pengeluar) Forward biased (Pincang hadapan) Full-wave rectification (Rektfikasi gelombang penuh) Half-wave rectification (Rektifikasi gelombang separuh) Logic gate (Get logik) Maltese Cross tube (Tiub palang Maltese) Rectification (Rekfifikasi) Semiconductor (Semikonduktor) Thermionic emission (Pancaran termionik) Transistor (Transistor) Base current (Arus tapak) Capacitor (Kapasitor) Collector current (Arus pengumpul) Gamma decay (Reputan gama) Gamma rays (Sinar gama) Genetic effect (Kesan genetik) Half-life (Setengah hayat) Isotopes (Isotop) Nuclear energy (Tenaga nuklear) Nuclear fission (Pembelahan nukleus) The work done in moving one coulomb of charge from one point to another. The rate at which work is done. The ratio of a potential difference to a current flowing through a conductor. A state when a diode does not allow current to flow A circuit where all the electrical components are connected one end after the other to a cell to form a single pathway for a current to flow. A current which flows to and fro in two opposite directions in a circuit. It changes its direction periodically. A magnet made by winding a coil of insulated wire round a soft iron core, so that a magnetic field is produced when a current is passed through the coil. The setting up of an electromotive force in a conductor due to a change in magnetic flux caused by the relative motion of the conductor and a magnetic field. The magnitude of the induced e.m.f, is directly proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux or the rate of cutting of the magnetic flux. The direction of the induced current is such that the change producing it will be opposed. A force produced as a result of the combination of the magnetic field due to a current and another magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet. A device which steps up or steps down alternating current voltages. A device that allows current to flow in one direction only. A current which flows steadily in one direction only in a circuit. A process of adding a certain amount of specific impurities called dopants to semiconductors to increase their conductivity. The current that flows through the emitter terminal of a transistor. It is equal to the sum of the base current and the collector current. A state when a diode allows current to flow. A process where both halves of every cycle of an alternating current is made to flow in the same direction. A process where only one half of every cycle of an alternating current is made to flow in one direction only. Switching circuit that is applied in computers and other electronic devices. A special cathode ray tube with a Maltese Cross in it which is used to investigate the properties of cathode rays. A process to convert an alternating current into a direct current by using a diode or diodes. A material which can conduct electricity better than insulator, but not as well as conductor. The emission of electrons from the surface of a heated metal. An electronic device which has three terminals labelled as base, collector and emitter. The current that flows through the base terminal of a transistor. A device used for storing charges and to smooth out output current in a rectifier circuit. The current that flows through the collector terminal of a transistor. It will only flow when a suitable base current flows through the circuit. A radioactive decay which emits a gamma ray photon. Electromagnetic waves with very high frequency and short wavelength. The effect of radiation that appears in the future generations of the exposed person as a result of radiation damage to reproductive cells. The time taken for the number of undecayed nuclei to be reduced to half of its original number. Atoms of an element which have the same proton number but different nucleon numbers. Energy released by a nuclear reaction as a result of a mass defect. The splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei.
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Nuclear fusion (Pelakuran nukleus) Nucleon (Nukleon) Nucleon number (Nombor nukleon) Nucleus (Nukleus) Proton number (Nombor proton) Radioactivity (Keradioaktifan) Radioisotope (Radioisotop) Somatic effect (Kesan somatik) Alpha decay (Reputan alfa) Alpha particle (Zarah alfa) Beta decay (Reputan beta) Beta particle (Zarah beta) Cathode rays (Sinar katod) Cathode ray oscilloscope (Osiloskop sinar katod) Chain reaction (Tindak balas berantai)
The combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. A subatomic particle found in the nucleus. The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. A very small core of an atom which contains most of the mass and all of the positive charge of the atom. The total number of protons in a nucleus. The spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nucleus accompanied by the emission of energetic particles or photons. Unstable isotopes which decay and give out radioactive emissions. The effect of radiation that appears in a person exposed to radiation. A radioactive decay which emits an alpha particle. Helium nucleus emitted by an unstable nucleus. A radioactive decay which emits a beta particle. High energy electron emitted by an unstable nucleus. A beam of negatively charged electrons that move at high speeds. An instrument that converts electronic and electrical signals to a visual display. A self-sustaining reaction in which the products of a reaction can initiate another similar reaction.

7th Tips Physics SPM Success Modul Teknik Menjawab Kertas 2 Dan 3

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7th Tips Physics SPM Success Modul Teknik Menjawab Kertas 2 Dan 3

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2011

2 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI

Total Marks Time Of Examination

50 Marks 1 Hour 15 Minutes Knowledge 28% Understanding 40 % Application 32%

PROBLEM SOLVING (EXPERIMENTING) ANALITIC & HOLISTIC

Marking Context area (Cakupan konteks) LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY

3 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI

4 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI

2. What is meant by electromagnet? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektromagnet?

3. What is meant by refraction? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembiasan?

6 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI

7 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI

8 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI

9 |Modul Tembak 32 - SAKTI

Contoh Jawapan (i) to absob the shock

LATIHAN [ PROBLEM SOLVING (Qualitative)] 1.

ELEMENT KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING APPLICATION DECISION MAKING

from extreme heat ; daripada haba yang tinggi

from breaking up on landing daripada pecah sewaktu mendarat [ 10 marks]

P metal logam low rendah

Q concrete konkrit high tinggi

R concrete konkrit low rendah

S metal logam low rendah

Height from the ground Tinggi daripada bumi

- MENGKONSEPSI - MODIFICATION - MAKING DECISION

(ii) Explain your answer in 7(c)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di 7(c)(i).

.[2 marks] Filament bulb Energy saver bulb

Tenaga digunakan per saat

... [2 marks] KERTAS TIGA Construct- Problem Solving (Experementing)-40 markah 22 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I

LATIHAN 1-Q1:SBP 2009

(c) On the graph paper, plot a graph of

(d) Based on your graph, state the relationship between

1 (i) State the initial velocity, u of the sphere. ...................................................................................................................................................................... [1 marks]

.... [1 mark] (b)

Show on the graph how you determine r.

Contoh Soalan No 3/4-Section B-12 markah

Item 1. Inference 2. Hypothesis 3. Aim 4. Variable

5. Apparatus 6. Arrangement of apparatus 7. Prosedur

9.Analyzed the data

Tabulate the data T( 0C) 0 10 20 30 40 Analyse the data

(ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

27 5.3 Total Internal Reflection 5.4 Lenses 28 29

apparent depth(2007) angle of refraction/reflection image distance

real depth angle of incident object distance Variable

size of an object density of block focal length

TOPIC FORM FIVE WAVES 1.1 Waves

x distance/x distance/x wavelength

wavelength frequency frequency colour(diffraction)

magnetic strength/ no of turn no of turn for primary coil soft iron/seloinoid

induced current/voltage frequency

Solid form Low ionising power Higher ionising power

The concept involve is archimedes principle

30. Terangkan bagaimana proses sejatan mengakibatkan suhu cecair berkurang.

54. Explain why a three pin plug is more suitable

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