1 CORRECT A background in research methods will help people ___________.

A) read research reports critically

B) evaluate the methods used in research studies

C) decide whether research conclusions are reasonable

D) all of these

2 CORRECT Jeremy clings to his personal explanation of behavior because it seems so

obvious. He is using _________ to draw this conclusion.
A) authority

B) intuition

C) empiricism

D) the scientific method

3 CORRECT When Sergio accepts an explanation because it comes from an expert, he is

using __________ as the basis for his belief.
A) authority

B) intuition

C) empiricism

D) common sense

4 CORRECT Sally doesn't care that there isn't any scientific evidence confirming that people
can learn while they sleep. She listens to language tapes each night solely
because she feels they work. Her belief is based on ________.
A) authority

B) intuition

C) empiricism

D) common knowledge

5 CORRECT The scientific approach recognizes that both intuition and authority ________.

A) provide reliable explanations for behavior.

B) are empirically tested assumptions about behavior

C) are sources of ideas about behavior

D) adhere to scientific explanations for behavior

6 CORRECT Scientific skepticism means that __________.

A) scientists reject the ideas of non-scientists

B) scientists do not believe what they cannot see themselves

C) scientists evaluate ideas on the basis of personal logic and intuition

D) ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and the

results from scientific investigations

7 CORRECT The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is __________.

A) intuition

B) empiricism

C) replication

D) skepticism

8 CORRECT According to Goodstein's (2000) "evolved theory of science," which of the

following is NOT a characteristic of scientific inquiry?
A) Scientists make observations that are accurately reported to other
scientists and the public so others can replicate the methods and obtain
the same results. b. Science flourishes when there is an open system
for the exchange of ideas in which
B) supporters and those who disagree with an idea can report their
research and it can be evaluated by others.
C) Research studies must be reviewed by peers before they become a part
of the scientific literature.
D) Scientists search for observations that support ideas popular to
others and viewed by other scientists as publishable.

9 CORRECT What is the advantage of the scientific approach over other ways of knowing
about the world?
A) The scientific approach provides an objective set of rules for
gathering, evaluating, and reporting information.
B) The scientific approach provides a method of generating ideas,
observing biases, and supporting knowledge.
C) The scientific approach includes the assertions of authority as scientific
evidence.
D) The scientific approach provides a subjective environment to discuss
science with others.

10 Before accepting the claims of a scientist, it is worthwhile to __________.

CORRECT
A) evaluate the credentials of the individual

B) examine the researcher's source of funding

C) examine the reputation of the institution represented by the person

 D) all of these

11 The four general goals of scientific research are to __________.

CORRECT
A) explain, examine, predict, and manipulate behavior

B) describe, manipulate, evaluate and change behavior

C) describe, predict, determine the causes of, and understand or explain

behavior
D) observe, predict, evaluate and determine outcomes of behavior

12 What are test-anxious students like? Do they finish an exam more slowly or
INCORRECT faster than non-anxious students? This question addresses which goal of
scientific research?
A) prediction of behavior

B) description of events

C) determination of the causes of behavior

D) explanation of behavior

13 Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of evidence required to
CORRECT identify the cause of a behavior?
A) correlation of the effect and time

B) covariation of the cause and effect

C) elimination of alternative explanations

D) temporal precedence

14 Researchers want to know why college students prefer multiple-choice rather

CORRECT than essay exams. The goal of this research is __________.
A) prediction of behavior

B) description of events

C) determination of the causes of behavior

D) explanation of behavior

15 Basic research tries to answer questions about __________.

CORRECT
A) practical problems

B) the nature of behavior

C) a program's effectiveness
 D) problems with potential solutions

Illusory correlation is a
cognitive bias that
occurs when we focus on
two events that stand
out and occur together.
A) True

B) False

2 CORRECT The fundamental characteristics of the scientific method are intuition and
authority.
A) True

B) False

3 Peer review ensures that only the best research is published.

INCORRECT
A) True

B) False

4 CORRECT Pseudoscience often generates hypotheses that are not testable.

A) True

B) False

5 CORRECT The primary goal of science is to change behavior.

A) True

B) False

6 CORRECT Scientists' explanations of behavior often must be discarded or revised as

new evidence is gathered.
A) True

B) False
7 CORRECT Program evaluation research evaluates social reforms.

A) True

B) False

8 CORRECT Basic research is considered more important than applied research.

A) True

B) False

9 Applied research is often not published in scientific journals.

INCORRECT
A) True

B) False

10 An example of applied research is B.F. Skinner's research on operant

INCORRECT conditioning.
A) True

B) False