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Revision Sheet
Date
Version
Contents
Page
Structural Design
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:1
Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:1 Guide Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:1
12 Series
Create a Single Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:9 The Required End Position - Method 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:11 The Required End Position - Method 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:12 Create Section by the Multiple Attached Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:12
Modify a Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:14 Split a Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:16 Splice a Beam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:16 Collect Elements into Temporary Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:16 Copy Parts of a Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:17
Copy Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:17 Copy Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:18 Mirror Copy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:20
Quick Way to Build a Regular Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:1 Enhance Basic Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:1
Trim Connected Section Ends to Correct Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:1 Add and Modify Simple Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:3 Add Standard Bracing Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:8 Represent Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:11
Compound Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:18 Tidy Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:18
Move Part of the Structure and Maintain Correct Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:19 To Split Structural Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:22
The Selection of Elements to Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:22 Connections at Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:26 To Split the Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:28
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Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:47
Dominant Versus Subordinate Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:49
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Split a Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:15 Merge Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:15 To Mitre a Panel with a Section or GENSEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:17 Create Negative Extrusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:18 Position Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:21
Panel Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:21 Level Vertices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:21
Create a Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:9 Create a Screed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:10 Create Trace Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:10 Split a Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:11 To Splice Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:13 To Merge Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:14 To Mitre Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:15 Modify Screed Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:16 Split a Floor/Screed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:18 Create Wall Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:19
Compound Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:25 Sub-Compound Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:26
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Modify a Straight Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:29 Modify a Ring Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:31 Modify Wall Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:32 Modify Floor/Screed Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:32
The Loop Vertex Editor Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:32
Modify Floor/Screed Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:36 Modify a Wall Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:37 Modify a Floor Fitting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:38 Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:39
Explicitly (AT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relatively (BY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Extend Wall - Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Extend Wall - By. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:39 9:39 9:40 9:40
Check and Output Design Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10:1 Structural Catalogue Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11:1
Basic Features of the Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11:1 P-line Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11:1 Some Standard Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11:3 Some Standard Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11:12
Column Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleated Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baseplate Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Double Notched End Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Single Notched End Plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11:13 11:13 11:14 11:16 11:16 11:17
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12 Series
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12 Series
Introduction
The Structural Design User Guide introduces some of the facilities provided by the AVEVA Plant Design Management System (PDMS) for the design and documentation of logically interconnected structures. It explains the main concepts which underlie PDMS and the applications that support it, and shows how to apply these to design projects.
1.1
Assumptions
The Structural Design User Guide has been written for engineers familiar with structural design practices, who may or may not have prior knowledge of PDMS. To use this manual, the sample PDMS project, Project SAM, must be correctly installed on the system with read/write access to the project databases. It is assumed that: Users have a valid PDMS licence and the sample PDMS project, Project SAM, has been correctly installed on the system with read/write access to the project databases. Users know where to find PDMS on the computer system Users are familiar with the Windows operating system installed on the computer Users are familiar with the basic Graphical User Interface (GUI) features, as described in the AVEVA document Getting Started with Plant.
1.2
Guide Structure
The Structural Design User Guide is divided into these sections: Introduction Structural Design Structures Applications Simple Structure introduces this guide and summarises its scope. gives a general overview of the main design facilities provided within the structural application. explains how PDMS stores its design data and describes the organisation of user data. Also describes the procedure to log in and how to create some administrative elements. explains how to create a simple structure with only vertical columns and horizontal beams.
Quick Way to Build a demonstrates a useful facility which provides an alternative method Regular Structure for the creation of a regularly configured structure rapidly.
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Enhance Basic Structure Panels and Plates Panel Fittings Walls and Floors Check and Output Design Data
shows how to add diagonal bracing members, how to model joints between connected members, and how to modify the design by moving interconnected parts of the structure. shows how to clad the structure by the addition of panels and plates. introduces the concept of panel fittings. shows how to add walls and floors to an existing structure. shows how to check designs for clashes, and how to generate reports and plots directly from the design data.
Structural Catalogue comprises a sample catalogue of structural steelwork sections. Guide Sample Plots shows some examples of typical plots of structural designs which may be created with PDMS.
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1:2
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Structural Design
PDMS is a powerful suite of facilities, for the design of Process Plant, the emphasis is on maximising both design consistency and design productivity: The design modelling functions incorporate a degree of apparent intelligence that enables them to make sensible decisions about the consequential effects of many of the design choices. The user can implement a sequence of related decisions with a minimum of effort. Modifications can be incorporated into a design at any stage without fear of invalidating any prior work, because data consistency-checking is an integral part of the product. PDMS automatically manages drawing production, material take-off reports, and so on, by reading all design data directly from a common set of databases, to prevent the introduction of errors when information is transcribed between different disciplines. The applications allow all aspects of a design to be checked as work progresses. Included is on-line interdisciplinary clash detection, so the chances of errors and inconsistencies reaching the final documented design are reduced to an exceptionally low level. The applications are controlled from a graphical user interface. All design, drawing and reporting operations are initiated by the selection of choices from menus, and by entering data into on-screen forms. For ease of use, many common actions are also represented by pictorial icons. The applications are designed to use specification data when structural components are selected from the Catalogue database, so that design consistency and conformity to standards are maintained. It is important, therefore, that the structural Catalogue databases are properly maintained. Structural elements are named in accordance with a predefined set of rules, so that their positions in the database hierarchy are always obvious without the need to enter specific texts during the design process. Pointers can be set up to define the storage areas in which specific types of design element are to be held in the database hierarchy. Combined with the rule-based naming facility, this minimises the amount of data which has to be entered explicitly during the build up the design model. Temporary lists of elements can be set up, so that a design operation can be carried out on all elements within the list simultaneously. A great deal of repetitive work can be avoided when commonly-repeated design modifications are carried out. The applications incorporate a number of geometric design aids, such as 3D positioning grids, to make it easy to position structural elements accurately within the design model. Where possible, the Design applications create and maintain connectivity of the structural network automatically.
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Non-standard structural components, such as complex panels and floor plates, may be created by defining the required shape as a 2D profile and then extruding this to the desired thickness. Negative primitives and shapes may be used in the structural catalogue to define complex joint geometry and end preparations for structural sections, so that weld preparations and fitting allowances can be modelled easily. Templates may be used to define the basic structure of built-up girders and similar components, so that the detailed design of such items becomes simply a matter of entering the required dimensional and positional data. Multiple copies of design components may be created simply by specifying the number of copies required and their relative positions and orientations. For example, a complete roof structure can be created by designing a single roof truss and then, in one operation, making as many copies as are necessary to support the length of the roof, with each truss displaced by a given distance relative to the preceding one. Much repetitive work can be avoided in symmetrical designs by making copies of interconnected parts of the structure and reflecting them about specified axes, so that the design pattern is repeated as required. Joint positions may be finely adjusted to make sure they are assembled accurately, using any standard datum line to define the precise alignment of a joint with its attached sections. Sections and panels (wall plates, floor plates and so on.) may be divided at intersections, after the overall size and shape have been defined, without affecting any of their logical interconnections. The macrostructure (for example, complete areas to be covered) can be designed first and then subdivided into a manageable microstructure for fabrication purposes at a later stage (typically, to make the most efficient use of stock panel sizes). The edges of panels may be notched to fit around section profiles, and the edges of adjacent panels may be shaped such they interlock automatically. Penetrations may be created as catalogue elements. Such a penetration, which can incorporate appropriate sleeving, kick plates, and so on, may be inserted into a structural section or panel as a complete entity, with the dimensions and position of the penetration derived automatically from the dimensions of the pipe/duct/cable tray passing though it. The applications make it easy to create panels and to connect them to existing panels or sections via linear joints. The facility uses intelligent pointer picking to enhance the interaction between the displayed graphics and the design creation process. Panel vertices can be derived simply by picking appropriate datum lines on existing sections; connections between panels and sections are then created automatically to give a fully connected structural model. Such panels can be used either to represent floors/walls or to build up complex plated connections. Multi-disciplinary clash checks can be carried out at any stage of the design, thus avoiding spatial conflicts within the overall model which could be expensive to rectify at the construction stage. These clash checks are particularly important where different features of the design model are under the control of different designers. At any stage of the design, reports can be created listing specified data from the current database. A standard report template can be specified, so that lists of commonlyrequired information can be derived very quickly, or report format can be designed to suit a particular need. The resultant output, which can include data from any design discipline, sorted as required, can be either displayed on the screen or sent to a file (for storage and/or for printing).
2.1
Structure of PDMS
PDMS comprises these functional parts:
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modules applications
A module is a subdivision of PDMS that is used to carry out specific types of operation. The DESIGN module, which is used to create the 3D design model, is covered in this manual. An application is a supplementary program that has been tailored to provide easy control of operations that are specific to a particular discipline. The applications used in this manual for structural design work are: Beams and Columns Panels and Plates Walls and Floors.
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2:3
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2:4
12 Series
Structures Applications
The structures application comprises four applications, which the user can use to design a structure, these applications are: Beams and Columns Panels and Plates Walls and Floors Access, Stairs and Ladders.
To enter a structures application, in this case to design interconnected beams and columns, from the main menu bar, select Design > Structures > Beams and Columns. The Beams and Columns toolbar is displayed:
3.1
Hierarchy
All database elements are owned by other elements, therefore elements must be created in a strict order, see figure below. The database elements that follow are common to all DESIGN disciplines: World Site Zone.
For more information on the generic hierarchical structure and the PDMS design database, refer to Getting Started with Plant.
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3.1.1
The part of the DESIGN database hierarchy which holds structural elements is (elements in italics, for example, RELEASE, are for analytical purposes only):
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3.1.2
Straight Sections
Each individual straight structural member (column, beam and so on) is represented in PDMS by a Section (SCTN) element. The geometry of a Section is defined by two types of attribute setting: Its cross-section is defined by reference to a Catalogue Profile (SPRF) element (I-beam, T-section, Channel, and so on). All other aspects of its geometry are defined by setting specific design attributes (in most cases these are set automatically by PDMS as the model is manipulated graphically). Two of the most important attributes are the Start Position (POSS) and the End Position (POSE), since the positions of these points effectively determine the length and orientation of the item. These and some other attributes of Sections will be looked at in more detail later.
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To provide a method for referring to individual edges and faces of a Section, each is identified by a named line which runs along the length of the Section. These reference lines (which are derived from the Sections Profile definition in the catalogue) are called P-lines. As an example, some of the most commonly used p-lines for an I-shaped Profile might be positioned and named as follows:
Note: For more information on this and other profiles, refer to Structural Catalogue Guide.
3.1.3
Nodes
PDMS uses the concept of Nodes to represent basic analytical points within a structure. Nodes have two main functions: To identify the points at which logical connections are made between adjoining Sections. To define how applied stresses can affect individual points in the structure (for passing design data to separate stress analysis programs).
Primary Nodes have their positions specified independently of other elements. Secondary Nodes are positioned along an owning Section, at a specified distance from the Sections Start Position. If a Section is moved, its Secondary Nodes move with it.
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Simple Structure
To start to build up a structural design model the user must create a simple configuration of interconnected columns and beams. Before this is done, however, it is important to understand how some of the items which make up the design are represented and accessed in the PDMS databases.
4.1
Design-to-Catalogue Cross-Reference
To make sure design consistency and conformity with company standards, the basic definitions of all items which can be used in the structural design are held in a Catalogue database. The database holds definitions of all available profiles and materials for structural columns/beams/bracing and so on, all standard types of joint, all auxiliary fittings, and so on. When an item is added to a design model, the position, orientation and so on, for the item are stored in the DESIGN database, but the physical properties of the item are specified by the setting up of a cross-reference (called a Specification Reference or SpecRef) which points to an appropriate entry in the Catalogue database.
4.2
Initial Set Up
Before a structure can be designed the definition of the default specification for profiles has to be selected and storage areas have to be defined.
4.2.1
The Storage Areas window, enables the user to select storage areas for Primary Nodes and Sections. Both types of element are stored directly under the current element in the Design Explorer, by default, both storage areas displayed are set as unset.
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4:1
12 Series
From the Storage Areas pane of the Storage Areas window, select each element displayed, the new storage area settings under the CE are displayed in the Storage Areas window and in the main menu toolbar. To close the Storage Areas window, click Close.
4.2.2
To create Primary Node at the end of a section that already exists select Create > PNode at SCTN End from the main menu toolbar. The prompt Identify end of section primary node is to be created at is displayed. Click the section ends as required and click Esc to create the Primary Node.
4.2.3
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4:2
12 Series
All of the tasks that a user would carry out that are associated with the selection of the default specification are initiated from the Section Specification (Default) window. Specification Data Use the Specification Data part of the Section Specification (Default) window to select any of the specifications from the catalogue. Click Specification to identify the current specification as the section specification (default). From the Generic Type drop-down list, select a standard from the list of available standards, once the selection has been carried out the Generic Type part of the window is automatically populated the generic types from the catalogue. Pline Settings Use the Pline Settings part of the Section Specification (Default) window to modify the Pline Settings, by default the settings are set as NA (neutral axis) (normal choice of justification setting in practice is NA). For more information on Pline Settings, refer to Straight Sections. From the Justification drop-down list, select the justification from the available list, (justification determines the Setting out position of the Section, that is the axis about which the geometry is offset).
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4:3
12 Series
From the Member line drop-down list, select the member line from the available list (determines how sections are shown in wireline views and drawings). From the Joint Line drop-down list, select the Joint Line from the available list (determines the position of a joint relative to an attached section). Options Use the checkboxes in the Options part of the Section Specification (Default) window to re-trim all attached sections or use as the default profile. Click Properties to display the properties of the profile. Click Plotfile to display a graphical representation of the profile. Click Apply to use these settings as the new default, the current specification is updated. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Section Specification (Default) window.
4.3
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4:4
12 Series
In the Section window, select Define Start/End Explicitly, which means the user enters the exact coordinates for the start of the section or picks a point in the 3D graphical view. A Define section start window is displayed and the user is prompted to Define section start (Snap) Snap: To position the start of the first column at the site origin, leave the East/North/Up coordinates at the default position (E0, N0, U0), as shown:
Note: The default entry wrt World, which means with respect to the World, defines the coordinate system within which the position is specified. Click OK, the Start position is shown in the centre of the 3D Graphical View. Rather than specifying all three coordinates for the Sections end position explicitly, its position is defined relative to the Sections start.
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4:5
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In the Section window, select Define End a Given Distance and Direction from Start. A Define section end window is displayed, enter the required data.
Click OK, then Accept in the Section window to confirm the creation of the Section. The Section is displayed as SCTN 1 in the Design Explorer and as a very small rectangle in the centre of the graphical display. Or click Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Define section end window. When all the required columns have been created, click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Section window. The Design Explorer displays the Sections (in this case, four, SCTN 1-4), is displayed below:
Note: Each newly created Section is placed before the current list position, so that SCTN 1 in the list was the last Section created. From the main tool bar, the user can click Edit > Undo to clear the SCTN creation if required.
4.3.1
Curved Section
When the user creates a GENSEC element (Create Methods pane), the user has the option to connect the ends of the new GENSEC if a suitable start or end point is selected. From the main tool bar click Create > Sections > Curved.
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4:6
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Select Connect Ends check box to create a connection between the elements picked for the start and end positions of the new GENSEC element.
4.4
4.4.1
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4:7
12 Series
The Drawlist contains the Sections just created, as well as the owning Structure element. To see all of the current design, select Zoom to Selection on the View Manipulation toolbar on the left-hand side of the main Design window. All the Sections are displayed within the 3D View window in cross section, as if viewed from above. The view is automatically scaled so that all the Sections fit neatly within it. It is often useful to display coordinate Axes. To do this, click Display Axes on CE on the Main toolbar or select Query > Axes from the main menu bar. The Define Axes window is displayed:
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4:8
12 Series
By default, the axes are positioned at the origin of the current element, but other positioning options are available from the windows Select drop-down menu. Ordinal (X,Y,Z) or cardinal (North, East, Up) directions can be specified, as can the size of the axis arrow lines. Select the tag type and required size, then select Close > Retain Axes from the windows drop-down menu. Position the mouse pointer within the 3D View window and right click to select other view directions. Do this and select Isometric > Iso 3 from the drop-down menus to set an isometric view direction. An example of an isometric view direction of columns is displayed.
Note: The status line shows the direction of view. Different view directions can be selected (Look, Plan and Isometric).
4.5
Create Sections
The next section of the user guide describes how to add horizontal beams to columns. The pointer is used to identify the start and end positions for these beams and left click to pick the columns to which they are to be connected. The advantage is that there is no requirement to remember which section is which in the Design Explorer; the work is done visually, as when a drawing board is used.
4.5.1
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4:9
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From the main menu bar select Create > Sections > Straight to redisplay the Section window and the Positioning Control toolbar, which are used to identify positions by picking them with the pointer in the 3D graphical view. Set the String Method to Single to specify the start and end points independently for each section. Select the Secondary Nodes checkbox so that secondary nodes and joints are created automatically at all connections between sections. Select the Confirm checkbox. When it is no longer required, click to clear the Confirm checkbox. Note: The Secondary Joint (SJOI) element forms the basis of the analytical model. Instead of the use of enter explicit coordinates, the Start Position is defined as a point on one of the columns that already exists which is picked with the pointer. On the Positioning Control toolbar, set the Pick Type option (right-hand drop-down list) to Element. From here the user has to pick sections themselves, rather than individual plines, to identify positions within the design model. The Pick Method setting (right-hand drop-down list) specifies how the pointer picks the positions. Set to Snap, this means the user wishes to snap to the position of the nearest Start or End of a picked section. The option remains in force until the user changes it. The user is prompted to Define section start (Snap), pick a point anywhere in the upper half of the column. The word Start is displayed in the view to mark the specified start point and the snap action has placed this at the upper end of the column. The user is then prompted to Define section end (Snap), pick a point anywhere in the upper half of the next column to define the End Position of the new beam. Note: The proposed route of the new beam is shown in the 3D View. Click Accept in the Section window to confirm the section creation. Beam 1 is shown with its start connected to the top of one column and its end connected to the top of the next column. The length of the beam is calculated automatically, with allowances for the section dimensions, but the beams position is too high. The beams position is too high because the justification datum is set to the Neutral Axis (NA), as shown by the Profile Specification setting /BS-SPEC/305x165x40kg/m (NA/NA/NA). The position must now be corrected by resetting the justification datum to the Top of Steel (TOS) pline. The result is as shown in the diagram:
Switch temporarily from event-driven graphics mode to graphical navigation mode, select Navigate to Element from the main menu toolbar (check the pick mode prompt). Change the view direction to View > Look > East in the main menu bar, move the centre of interest to the approximate mid-point of the first beam and zoom in to see more clearly what
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happens at the ends of the beam. Pick the new beam to make sure that it is the current element and select Modify > Sections > Specification in the main menu bar. In the Section Specification window, set the Justification to TOS, as shown:
Select the Use as default profile checkbox, so that when the beams are created they are all aligned correctly without further adjustment. Apply the change and the beam moves down to the correct position. Note: The default specification has changed:
Alternatively, select the Modify > Sections > Justification option in the main menu bar to realign just the current beam. The user must now create another beam, with its start position at the top of a column, which runs horizontally to connect part-way up the next column. Reset the view, if necessary, to show all sections so far created. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Section window to return to event-driven graphics mode. Select Create > Sections > Straight from the main menu bar to position the start of the next Section (check the pick mode prompt again). Position the Start for the beam at the top of the column. To pick the end position, use the snap facility with a specified offset distance along the picked Section. From the Positioning Control toolbars Pick Method list, select Distance and, in the adjacent Method Value field, enter the height of the end position column (for example, 5000) and click Enter.
The user is prompted to Pick section end (Distance [5000]), Pick anywhere in the lower half of end position column. To calculate the End Position snap to the bottom of the column and then move up (that is towards the pointer) by 5000mm. To accept the section, click Accept in the Section window.
4.5.2
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4:11
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Note: The Up coordinate is greyed out to show that it cannot be changed. The user can now pick any part of the end column to specify the beams End Position, since the elevation of the snap point is ignored in favour of the constraint that the End Position must be at the same elevation as the Start Position; only the East and North coordinates of the pick are used. OK the Define section end window, then click Reject in the Section window to cancel the creation.
4.5.3
4.5.4
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4:12
12 Series
To change the section to be copied identify another section as the CE and click CE in the Section Copy window. The Number of copies textbox shows the maximum amount of members that can be fitted to the shortest owning section at the current spacing, as shown in the Spacing textbox. By default the spacing of the columns is 1000, if required the user can change the distance. Enter the distance in the Spacing field and click Max, the maximum number of copies that can be fitted is recalculated. A graphical aid shows the direction for +ve or ve spacing with aid lines which represent the positions of the new sections to help visualise the results.
When the arrangement shown is correct, click Apply to copy the sections and connect them to the owning member(s). Any end preparations are also applied. However, if a value greater than the maximum is specified in the Number of copies textbox such that the copied elements goes beyond the length of the shortest owning section, the copies are made but the free ends are not connected or end preparations applied.
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4:13
12 Series
4.6
Modify a Section
As a design progresses it may be necessary to modify a sections parameters. From the 3D graphical view, select the section to be modified as the CE. From the main menu toolbar select Modify > Section > Specification to open the Section Specification window to change the specifications of the section.
Click Apply to accept the changes or click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Section Specification window. The user must now select the section whose definition is to be changed as the CE. From the main menu toolbar select Modify > Section > Definition to open the Modify STCN window and the Positioning Control toolbar. By default the Start position of the current element displays and shows East, North and Up co-ordinated with respect to the world.
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4:14
12 Series
The Start position is indicated in the 3D graphical view. The Position options allows the user to specify the point on the element to which the position co-ordinates apply. The user can specify Start, End or Centre. Dependant on the option specified the application of modified co-ordinates has this effect on the element: Start - Relocates the start position of the element to the specified co-ordinates, but its end position remains unchanged. End - Relocates the end position of the element to the specified co-ordinates, but its start position remains unchanged. Centre - Relocates the entire element, its centre is located at the specified co-ordinates and the start and end positions are modified.
To define a position by reference to design items that already exist, use the Positioning Control toolbar and the cursor to identify the required position by picking it in the graphical view. The Settings option allows the user to change the length and direction of the section. The End Direction option allows the user to change the end direction to Perpendicular or maintain the original direction. Click OK to modify the section. Select Modify > Section > Justification from the main menu toolbar to display the Section Justification window. The Section Justification window will be displayed in an inactive state before the section pick is completed.
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4:15
12 Series
To change the justification select the required Pline justification from the drop-down menu. To select the justification manually from the 3D graphical display click Justification and the prompt Identify Pline to justify to. appears. Select the pline with the cursor. To maintain attachment to associated sections select the Re-trim attached section checkbox. Click Apply to make the changes or click Dismiss to discard any inputs and close the Section Justification window. The modification of the wall Member Line, Joint Line and Joint Position Line is the same. The Modify Section Justification and Member Line can be used to modify the attributes of a GENSEC. The Modify Joint Position and Joint Line can be used to modify the attributes of a FIXING element, owned by a GENSEC.
4.7
Split a Beam
A beam may be created between two columns which causes the beam to pass through a third beam. For the information on how to split a beam refer to To Split Structural Elements.
4.8
Splice a Beam
The Splice method allows sections to be divided into smaller lengths and, optionally, connected End to End. For the information on how to splice a beam refer to To Splice Sections.
4.9
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4:16
12 Series
Make sure that the current element is the Sub-Frame (/testsubfrm), then from the Lists/ Collections menu bar, select Add > CE Members. All elements owned by the Sub-Frame are displayed as items within TESTLIST.
Select Control > Close to dismiss the Lists/Collections window. Note: The new list automatically becomes the current list:
4.10
4.10.1
Copy Offset
From the main menu bar select Create > Copy > Offset. A Copy with Offset window is displayed which allows the user to specify what to copy (Object), where the copies are to be stored in the database hierarchy (to), how many copies are required, and how each copy is to be positioned relative to neighbour that precedes it (Offset). Set the Object to be copied to List; since only one list exists, its name (TESTLIST) is shown without further selection. Set the to option to Rel. (Relative). The new element copies are now created in the same part of the database hierarchy as the original elements; that is, as members of the SubFrame. Input the Number of Copies in the Number of Copies field.
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4:17
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Note: The Offset must be specified in terms of the local X,Y,Z coordinates of the geometric primitives that make up the structural items, rather than the E,N,U coordinates used to position items within the overall design model. In this case, by default, X=E, Y=N and Z=U. The axes are shown automatically in the graphical view as a guide.
Click Apply to create the three offset copies, the user is prompted to confirm if the user wants to retain the copies (if that they look correct in the graphical view). Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Copy with Offset window. Click Zoom to Selection in the 3D view toolbar and select Isometric > Iso3 from the 3D View shortcut menu so that the whole of the current design can be seen. The Design Explorer now shows which elements have now been created and where they fit into the hierarchy. Note: The Sub-Frame now owns multiple Sections, which comprise the associated columns and beams, together with all of the necessary Secondary Nodes and Joints needed to define their interconnections.
4.10.2
Copy Rotate
To copy parts of a structure, from the main menu toolbar select Create > Copy > Rotate to display the Copy and Rotate window which allows the user to specify what to copy (Object), where the copies are to be stored in the database hierarchy (to), how many copies are required, and how each copy is to be positioned relative to its neighbour that precedes it (Offset).
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4:18
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4:19
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The Angle setting is determined relative to the Rotation Axis. The Direction gives the axis in which the object rotates. The distance the rotated object is from the centre of the axis is determined by the figure in the East/North/Up text boxes. The Offset, Cursor and Intersection drop-down menu selections determine how the copy appears in relation to the original.
4.10.3
Mirror Copy
For more information on Mirror Copy, refer to Add and Modify Simple Bracing.
4.11
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4:20
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As a start point, create the three most southerly beams. To do this create a single beam and then split it into three lengths to fit between the columns, refer to Split a Beam. Next, create the three beams directly to the north of those which have just been created (shown cross-hatched on the diagram). The beams are created in a sequence of operations in which the start of each section (after the first) is situated automatically at the end of the section that precedes it. In the Section window set the String Method to Continuous to create a chained configuration of sections. By default, the start of the next section is assumed to be at the end of the previous section (as shown in the 3D View); click Redefine Start to override this. On the Positioning Control toolbar, set the pick method to Intersect to show that positions are to be identified at the intersection points of pairs of sections that already exist. To create the first beam, pick first Column 3 and then Beam 2 (whose intersection is at the Start Position of the first required beam, labelled A in the diagram), then use the same method to pick the intersection which identifies the end of this beam (B in the diagram). If Confirm is selected, click Accept to create the beam. It is important to stress the behaviour of not picking the attached member first as the sequence of picking the intersections determines the ownership of the SNOD/SJOI and therefore the connectivity model. The start of the next beam is positioned automatically at B (as shown in the figure). Use the same procedure to pick points C and D to create the next two beams. Click Redefine Start in the Section window to define a new start for another section or sequence of sections. Add sufficient beams to stabilise the structure with a combination of the techniques described previously. Switch Confirm to Off to speed up the process. To correct a mistake in the middle of defining a section, click Redefine Start to go back a stage. Note: The user can use the Middle Button Drag view manipulation options available from the 3D View shortcut menu to give a clear view of the correct sections. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Section window when the results are satisfactory. Note: If the beams are simply copied, either singly or as a composite list, the copies are positioned but are not connected automatically.
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4:21
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To update the database so as to store the most recent changes to the structure which has been created, select Design Save Work from the main menu bar or click Save work.
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4:22
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To initiate the use of any available method select it from the Available Creations pane of the Section Creation window. For example, select Regular Structure, then click Dismiss. A Regular Structure window is displayed which gives the user complete control of the whole design process. For the purposes of this user guide, this window is looked at in three distinct parts. The areas labelled Column Data and Beam Data are used to set the storage areas, profile specifications and justification p-lines independently for the two types of section.
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5:1
12 Series
To enter each Storage area name, navigate to the Subframe and type CE. The name of the current element is automatically populated. To enter the Profile specifications, click Profile to display the Section Specification window and pick the required specification and pline settings. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Section Specification window when the settings are complete.
The Grid Origin area defines how the structure is to be positioned spatially.
The Datum setting defines the element, the reference axes determines the origin and orientation of the structure. The Underside of Base-Plate sets the lowest point of the structure (underside of baseplate) relative to the datum axes. From this the user can define the elevations of the structural members relative to a plane which does not correspond to the base of the overall structure. In this case this is set to 1000, so that the bottoms of the columns are truncated at an elevation of 1000mm. (The effect of this is seen when the completed model is viewed.) The East Spacings and North Spacings lists specify the relative spacing between adjacent columns in the given directions. The Elevation list specifies the absolute elevations of the beams which represent the floor levels.
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5:2
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These settings creates 16 columns on a 4x4 rectangular grid, with a uniform inter-column spacing of 3000mm in the East direction and 5000mm in the North direction. The columns are 4000mm high, to accommodate two floors at elevations of 3000mm and 5000mm relative to the datum plane, but with the bottoms of the columns truncated so that they do not extend below the 1000mm elevation specified by the baseplate setting.
Select Trim sections to Plines, so that the beams have their lengths calculated to fit between the columns to which they are connected.
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5:3
12 Series
With view limits set for zone and view direction set to Iso 3, click Preview to display a stick representation of the specified structure. Check and, if necessary, correct the settings, then click Apply to create the structure. The sections first have the specified profiles applied to give them their 3D geometry, then they are trimmed to length and connected. The process involves a lot of calculation, and might therefore take a minute or two to complete; progress is shown in the status bar. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Regular Structure window. The structure can now modified by the removal of beams. From the main menu select Delete > Identified and then pick the beams which are to be removed. Press Esc and confirm the deletion, when prompted. The user is left with some columns that do not have any beams connected to their upper ends. The height of these columns has to be reduced. Rather than modify each one separately, select Utilities > Lists from the main menu.
If a list already exists select Remove > All to remove the list and select Remove > List to remove the list name. Select Add > List to name the list, then use the Add > Identified option in the Lists/ Collections window. Add the columns into the list by picking them in the 3D graphical view. If a mistake is made, click the column again to deselect it, to exit, press Esc. From the main menu bar select Position > Extend > By.
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5:4
12 Series
The user is prompted to Identify Section, pick any of the columns and then, when the Extend Section - Explicit window appears, select the new list as the item to be modified. Note: If a column is already selected the user is not prompted to Identify Section. The Extend option list requires the user to specify which end of the item is to be moved. The user needs to adjust the upper end of each column, but is this its Start or its End? To check this, make any one of the columns the current element and select (from the main menu) Settings > Mark Section. The Start and End is tagged in the graphical view.
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5:5
12 Series
From the Extend drop-down list, select the point to extend from. Select Maintain Sections Node Positions checkbox so that the positions of secondary nodes are not affected by the length adjustments (only really relevant if the user moves the Start positions). Set the Extension by to a Distance to reduce the length of each item in the list. Click Apply then click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Extend Section Explicit window. That the secondary nodes which were at the tops of the deleted columns are still present, even though they no longer serve any useful purpose. To delete these, navigate to the Subframe and select Delete > Tidy Nodes from the main menu, which includes GENSEC element, JLDATU and FIXING elements (which are marked with aid graphics). A Tidy Nodes window is displayed populated with the redundant nodes that have been identified.
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5:6
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Select Mark Nodes for Deletion checkbox to tag these nodes in the 3D graphical view, then click OK to delete them.
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5:7
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5:8
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6.1
To correct this, the length of the beam section is trimmed to an explicitly picked pline of the owning section. These errors must be corrected before the model is developed further otherwise problems may arise when bracing is connected. Zoom in to the graphical view and change the direction of view to show the detailed geometry of each connection point in turn. Look for any examples where an attached section has been trimmed to the wrong length. The user can pick the end of a GENSEC to be trimmed, the appropriate end of the GENSEC will be marked and automatically trimmed to the: Appropriate PLine or the user can force the PLine Picked Section
From the main tool bar the user can click Edit > Undo if required. If any are found correct them, from the main menu bar select Connect > Trim to Pline > Pick (force). The user is prompted to Identify section end to be trimmed, in the 3D view, pick one of the ends to be corrected (as shown shaded in the diagram). The user is prompted to Identify pline to be trimmed to. Change the view if necessary and pick the
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6:1
12 Series
pline which corresponds to the required section end point (typically NAR/NAL for a web connection or TOS/BOS for a flange connection, as shown by the black dots in the diagram (for more information, refer also to Structural Catalogue Guide). The pointer shape changes when it is positioned on a pline and the status bar identifies which pline is selected at any given moment. Press Esc to action the change. Note: Use the graphical manipulation facilities to zoom in close to the joint of interest. Also, it is advisable to switch to wireline display mode (press F8, this toggles between wireline and shaded display modes). Repeat this sequence, alternately picking section ends and plines, until all errors have been corrected. If the user is confident that the correct selections have been made, pick any number of section/pline pairs before they press Esc. To check the current pline rule (if any), from the main menu bar, select Settings > Pick Filters > Plines. A Pline Filter window is displayed populated all currently defined rules; this probably shows No Rule and Normal, with the former selected.
The Normal rule handles the connections that the rule to be created below is going to handle. Click Define Rule to display the Define Rules window. Enter the Name as Extremities (this is used to identify the rule in subsequent lists) and the Description as Flange or web face for trimming at connection. Enter the Rule below (take care to include the apostrophes and commas exactly as shown):
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6:2
12 Series
Click OK. Select the Extremities rule on the Pline Filters tab of the Snap Settings window to make this the current rule. Click OK and close the Picking Control window. Note: A full explanation of the ways in which pline rules are set and applied is beyond the scope of this manual. Suffice it to say that the rule set here may be interpreted as Select a pline which has any of the PKEY settings specified in the list. (Refer to Structural Catalogue Guide for diagrams showing how these plines are positioned for typical steelwork profiles.)
6.2
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6:3
12 Series
When the user picks the sections to define each intersection point, the first pick defines the section to which the connection is made. In this case, therefore, the user must pick the column before the beam when each end is defined otherwise the bracing gap trimming facility does not work correctly. Click Accept, then click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Section window. In the Design Explorer check that the bracing member is the current element. If the vertical alignment of the bracing member ends looks wrong at this stage, from the main menu bar select Modify > Bracing Gap. The Brace Gaps window lists the different ways the required gap can be specified. Ignore the Default Gap setting and select Distance on picked Pline from a fixed point. The graphical representation of the Bracing is updated to show the relevant dimensions and picking sequence. Note: The user can modify bracing gap sections, which have been created between GENSEC elements.
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6:4
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Click Apply. In the Brace Gap(s) window, select the Confirm checkbox, but do not enter the Gap A data yet. The user is now in event-driven graphics mode, ready to pick the plines from which the bracing gap is to be calculated. First position the lower end of the bracing member. Use the graphical representation from the Brace Gaps window as a guide, pick plines in this order: 1. A pline on the lower face of the bracing member, such as BOS. Pick close to the connection, so that the gap is calculated for the correct end. 2. A pline on Column A along which the gap is to be defined, such as NAL or NAR. 3. A pline on the upper face of Beam 1, such as TOS. Note: Switch the graphics to a wireline view (Press F8) to make it easier to pick the plines.
Once the user has picked the third pline, the calculated distance for the current position is shown in the graphical view and is also inserted into the Gap A text-box on the Brace Gap(s) window, Accept/Reject are now active. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Brace Gaps window. To check whether or not the ends of a section are connected, select the bracing member as the current element. From the main menu bar select Utilities > Beams and Columns. From the menu bar of the small window which results, pick Tag > All ends. The ends of the current section should both be tagged as Connected. From the main menu bar select Create > Copy > Mirror. The Mirror window allows the user to specify what to copy (Object), where the copies are to be stored in the database hierarchy, and the plane in which the copy position is to reflected.
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6:5
12 Series
With the bracing member as current element, set the Object to be copied to CE and set the to option to Rel. Set the Type of mirror option to Mirror Copy (since the user must create a new element rather than simply reposition the original one). The plane in which the user wants to reflect the copied section is represented by the shaded area in the diagram:
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The plane is specified in terms of its direction (that is the direction of the normal to the plane) and of the position of any point within it. The Mirror window provides several methods by which these can be specified by picking items in the model that already exists. Column B is used to define the position and the direction entered explicitly. Select Cursor > Element from the Mirror windows menu and, when prompted, pick any part of Column B. The position identified snaps to the start or end of this column (depending on where the user picked) and its coordinates are entered into the East/North/Up text boxes automatically. A symbolic representation of the planes position and orientation is shown in the graphical view. Note: The Plane Direction text box now shows the cutplane direction of the columns start or end (namely Up or Down). Change this to East. Select the Lock checkbox to prevent its setting being updated when another position is picked.
Click Apply to create the mirrored copy and, when prompted, confirm that the user wants to retain the copy.
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Use the same procedure to copy and reflect a second member to create a third bracing member. The two copies just created should be positioned correctly, but not connected yet. To check this, instead of the Tag utility for each new bracing member, from the main menu bar select Query > End Connections. The Highlight Connections window shows the connectivity status of all relevant members of the current element.
Navigate to the SubFrame TESTSBFR and click CE in the Highlight Connections window to update the displayed data. The numbers on the coloured bar show the number of sections in each category. Select the corresponding Highlight checkboxes to colour the sections in the graphical view. To change the highlight colour click on a colour. Note: It would be assumed that the upper ends of the columns should be shown as connected. However, the beams at those points are connected (via Secondary Joints) to Secondary Nodes positioned along the columns, rather than to Primary Nodes at the column extremities. Therefore, even though the Secondary Nodes in this case happen to be coincident with the tops of the columns, the diagnoses are correct. To connect the ends of the two bracing sections to the appropriate columns, from the main menu bar, select Connect > Connect and follow the status bar prompts carefully. (Escape terminates each stage of the process in the usual way.) Use the Highlight Connections window again to confirm the results.
6.3
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From the main menu bar select Create > Sections > Bracing configurations. The Bracing window opens.
Note: The user can create bracing configurations with the appropriate connections at the end of the bracing sections, between GENSEC elements. For the purposes of this user guide, use this section data: Set the Storage area to the Subframe /TESTSBFR. Click Profile to display the Section Specification window. Profile to British Standard, Equal Angle, 70x70x6.0.
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Justification to NAL (Neutral Axis Left: this aligns the angle sections back-to-back. For more information, refer to Sample Plots); Member Line and Joint Line to NA. Bracing Plane: leave the option set to Derived by Section so that the bracing members lie in the same plane as the sections to which they are attached.
Click Apply and then click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Section Specification window. In the Available Bracing Configurations list, select Cross Bracing. The parameterised diagram shows the details of the selected configuration. The diagram shows the dimensions which must be specified (A, B) and the order in which sections that already exist must be picked (1, 2) so as to position and connect the bracing members correctly. For the cross bracing configuration it looks as shown:
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Click Apply. The Cross Bracing window is displayed, the user must input gaps A and B and select Confirm.
The user is now in event-driven graphics mode. Use the diagram on the Bracing window as a guide, pick the two columns between which the bracing members are to be connected. To achieve the required configuration, make sure that the first pick is near the bottom of the first column and that the second pick is just below the cross beam on the second column; that is, pick reasonably close to the required connection points for the bracing members. When the user is satisfied with the configuration shown in the 3D graphical view, accept the creation of the sections which forms the bracing members and then click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Bracing window. In the Available Bracing Configurations list, select Diamond Bracing. The parameterised diagram shows that user needs to specify the separations between the bracing members for each pair of opposing sections. Click Apply to display the Diamond Bracing window in which the data can be entered. Set both Gap A and Gap B, leave confirm selected, and pick the four beams (in the correct sequence, as shown in the diagram) to complete the operation. The user clicks Dismiss to discard any information and close the Bracing window when finished. The user must dismiss the Diamond Bracing window and leave the event-driven graphics mode in order to change the bracing configuration.
6.4
Represent Joints
Although each connection has created a corresponding Secondary Joint element in the DESIGN database (shown in the Design Explorer as SJOIs, owned by SNODs), these do not yet have any geometry associated with them and are not therefore shown in the 3D graphical view. In order to represent them properly, a catalogue specification must be
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associated with each joint (in the same way that each section profile is defined by an associated catalogue specification). Joints have a number of attributes whose settings allow the user to position and orientate them and to modify the ends of sections connected to them. The most important of these attributes are looked at here. The key to success lies in the optimum design of the joint as defined in the catalogue, which is a specialised field beyond the scope of this user guide. For the purposes of this user guide, these topics illustrate the main features: A Shelf Angle Joint as defined in the Catalogue (only the Neutral Axis pline is shown for clarity).
Connect a Joint to the Start of an Attached Section How the origin plane of the Joint is set with reference to the Owning Section (via the POSL attribute), while its position within the constraints of that plane is set with reference to the Attached Section (by aligning the plines defined by the JLINs of both Joint and Section). That is, with reference to the orientation of the diagram, to move the Joint horizontally change its POSL and vertically change its JLIN. Both the Section and the Joint can be rotated independently by changing their BANGs (the Section rotates about its NA, the Joint about its OPDI).
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How the Section End Configuration depends on the Joint to which it is attached (a wedge-shaped Joint is used to demonstrate the principles). For the purposes of this user guide, this section shows the user how to add some simple bolted flanges where the beams are attached to the columns. The joint elements (SJOIs in the Design Explorer) already exist as a result of connecting the sections together. To define each joints geometry, set a pointer to the joint specification in the catalogue.
From the main menu bar select Modify > Joints > Specification. The user is prompted to Identify end of section joint is connected to. Pick the end of any N-S beam (that is, any beam which abuts a column flange rather than a web) where the user wants to insert a bolted joint. A Joint Specification window is displayed for the joint to which the picked section end is attached. Note: The user can apply a Joint Specification to the connected end of a GENSEC element. Click CE to load the current element (only if the element is a FIXING) to the Joint Specification window.
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The method of selection from the available joint specifications is the same as that used to select section profiles. In this case select Column Connections, Column Flange, 6M24_flange and leave all other form settings at their defaults. Click Properties. A subsidiary Modify Properties window is displayed which allows the user to specify some local dimensional data for the selected type of joint.
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For this joint set Thickness of Plt, Dist from TOS, and Dist from BOS. Click OK to close the Modify Properties window and Apply the Joint Specification window to complete the setting of the joint specification. (The geometry of most types of joint can be modified via appropriate entries in a window such as this. How the catalogue has been set up can affect this.) To see a correct representation of the joint set up the graphical view so that it displays holes (negative volumes) as well as solid items (positive volumes). To do this, select Settings > Graphic from the main menu bar.
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On the Representation tab, select the Holes Drawn checkbox. Click OK to apply the setting and close the window. Zoom in close to the beam end to see what the joint looks like. The height and width of the endplate are set automatically from the dimensions of the beam and column, respectively, with adjustments to suit the values entered in the Define Properties window. If the joint dimensions in the catalogue are specified as design parameters whose values are derived from the attached and owning sections. The joint displayed as shown:
The attached beam has been shortened to accommodate the thickness of the plate and the bolt holes in the plate have generated corresponding holes in the column flanges. The position of the joint relative to the profile of the column (its owning section) is determined by the joints position line. To see the effect of changing this, from the main menu bar, select Modify > Joints > Position Line.
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The displayed Position Line window shows the current setting as either BOS or TOS (depending at which end of the beam the joint is situated). Change this to the opposite setting (that is TOS or BOS), select the Re-trim attached section checkbox, and click Apply. The joint and its attached section end move thus:
(view rotated)
Reposition the joint correctly, then click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Position Line and Joint Specification windows. Rather than set each joint specification explicitly, the user can apply the specification for one joint to other joints. The facility is used to specify the joint at the other end of the beam which has just been viewed. From the main menu bar select Modify > Joints > Joint Like > Maintain Pline. Note: The user can copy/pick the joints at the end of a GENSEC element or a SCTN element. The user is prompted to Identify end of section to be copied like, pick the same section end as picked previously. When prompted to Identify section end to be modified, pick the other end of the same beam. Press Escape for both of the next prompts. Zoom in close to the second joint and notice how its geometry matches that of the first joint. The position line settings for the two joints are, however, set automatically to opposite flanges of the column (TOS for one, BOS for the other), to give the correct alignment. Note: If the joints were handed, such as a shelf angle, the user would also see that the second joint has been rotated automatically about its vertical axis to match the start/ end directions of the section. The endplate does not show this, but if the user selects Query > Attributes from the main menu bar, the user is able to see which attributes differ between the two joints. If the user wants to reverse an action, from the main tool bar click Edit > Undo.
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6.4.1
Compound Joint
A compound joint is an administrative concept. It acts as a storage area for a series of joints attached to a section.
To create a compound joint select Create > Compound Joint from the main menu toolbar. The user is prompted to Pick section end to be merged into compound joint. When all the section ends to be merged into the compound joint have been selected, press Esc. A confirmation window is displayed, click Yes create the compound joint.
6.4.2
Tidy Joints
In some circumstances, for example, if an attached member is deleted from the Command line, the Cref attribute of the SJOI is set to Nulref but the SJOI is not deleted. In this case the SJOI element is redundant and it is good practice to delete the SJOI. Note: The user can delete tidy joints on a GENSEC element, JLDATU and FIXING elements will be marked with aid graphics. From the main menu toolbar select Delete > Tidy Joints to display the Tidy Joints window.
The command may be executed from any level in the hierarchy from SITE to SCTN. All SJOI elements below the CE with the Cref attribute set to Nulref are found and the number reported in the window.
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If the Mark Joint for Deletion checkbox is selected a text aid that shows the owning SNODE is displayed and the owning SCTN is highlighted.
As deletion of the SJOI may leave the SNOD empty, select the Delete Node if empty checkbox to delete the SNOD (if it does not own any other SJOI elements).
6.5
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In order to make the bracing member realign itself to maintain the specified bracing gap, the joint to which it is connected must be dominant. To make sure of this, the joints at both ends of all bracing sections must be dominant (as would be normal practice). In this section the user is shown how to make dominant the joints at both ends of each of the four beams between the columns to be moved (for example: the beams shown shaded in the diagram). From the main menu bar select Connect > Joint Dominant. Each joint is identified by picking the section end to which it is connected. When prompted, pick both ends of each bracing member created in Add and Modify Simple Bracing (six picks) and the ends of all relevant beams (eight picks), then press Esc. Note: In normal practice, only the joints at the ends of the bracing members would be made dominant. For more information on joint connectivity, refer to Connectivity. Use the Utilities > Lists facility from the main menu bar to create a new list. Select the Add > List option. In the description box insert the list name. Click OK to name the list. Select the Add > Identified option. At the bottom left of the screen the user is prompted to Identify Element or -Escape-. Click the columns to be moved (shown black in the diagram) which highlights them in red. Press Esc and the highlighted columns are added to the list.
From the main menu bar select Position > Relatively (BY). The Position By window is displayed to allow an item to be moved by a given distance in a given direction.
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From the Current Llist drop-down, select from the options available to set the item to be moved to the list which contains the columns (Current List). Enter the required movement in the Offset text boxes, for example 200 mm East. Click Apply, the columns are moved as shown in the figure below, or click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Position By window. For more information on positioning relatively refer to To Position Elements.
At first sight, this appears to be a rather disastrous result. However, as long all of the connectivity rules are set correctly, particularly the joint dominance settings, the problem can be easily rectified by the reconnection of all of the sections which should be connected to the columns. From the main menu bar select Connect > Trim to Section > all attached. When prompted, pick each of the four columns in turn, then press Esc to restore the correct geometry. Note: The Trim to Section differs from the Trim to Pline option, which was used before, in that Trim to Section maintains the pline connectivity that exists, and so retains any
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previously defined trimming, whereas Trim to Pline resets the connectivity to an explicit or rule-defined pline. For further information on connectivity, refer to Connectivity.
6.6
6.6.1
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The elements to be split are added to the Elements to split list with the options available in the Add to list drop-down menu.
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The options available are: CE CE Members Adds the Current Element to the list. Adds all members of the Current Element.
Note: The CE members option can only be applied to Frameworks and Sub-frames. It does not work if a Structure, Zone or Site is selected.
Adds the current active list (if one exists). Allows the user to select elements from the graphical display. Allows the user to select a range of items by dragging a selection box over them in the 3D graphical display.
Note: The graphical selection must be made before the Graphical window selection option is selected. The selected elements are highlighted red in the 3D graphical view. Right click anywhere in the Elements to split list, even if the list is empty, and a drop-down menu is displayed with the same selection options as those described above. However, the CE Members option is not included. If the Element to split list is empty, the bottom two menu option entries are greyed out. If the list is populated, the bottom menu options are active. Remove Selected from list - this option removes the selected members from the Elements to split list. Multiple element selections may be made with standard Windows selection methods. Clear list - this option removes all elements from the Elements to split list.
Once the beam(s) to be split has been added to the Elements to split list, where it is to be split must be specified. The Define split-on area of the window has an options list with these options:
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This option lets the user graphically select one or more sections to be split on from the graphical view. When this option is selected the prompt Pick a selection to split on: is displayed. One or more sections may be selected, the selection process is terminated when Esc is pressed.
The SCTN(s) selected to split on does not have to touch the beam that is to be split. However, the Neutral Axis must intersect the elements to be split in at least one plane. These options activate the Positioning control toolbar. The exact prompts for these options depend on the Pick Method set on the Positioning control toolbar. Define Graphical Line(s) to split on Aid This option lets the user selects points in the graphical display to create one or more aid lines to split on by selecting points in the graphical display. When this option is selected the prompt Line start (Snap) Snap: is displayed. One or more lines may be created. Press Esc to terminates the creation process. This option enables the user to create one or more planes to split the selected elements on.
The Plane Size and Plane Direction textboxes are activated in the Define split-on area of the window as are the checkboxes adjacent to them. The user is prompted to Pick to position plane (Snap) Snap:. One or more planes may be created, the Plane Size and Plane Direction are set before the next plane is created. Press Esc to terminate the creation process.
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Once graphical aid lines and /or planes have been defined the Modify Graphical aid line/ plane and Delete Graphical aid line(s)/plane(s) are enabled. Click Modify Graphical aid line/plane the user is prompted to Pick aid to be modified pick Aid: Picking a line or plane from the graphical view displays the appropriate aid modification window, that is Modify Line or Modify Plane. Click Delete Graphical aid line(s)/plane(s) the user is prompted to Pick aid(s) to be deleted. <esc to finish> pick Aid:. One or more lines or planes may be selected for deletion. Press Esc to terminate the selection process.
6.6.2
Connections at Split
The Connections at split area of the window allows the user to define what happens to the sections at the split. Only SCTN elements only have this functionality. If the Pick Section(s) to split on option is selected the Connections at split options of the Split Steel window becomes active.
The user has three options to define how the ends of the split section(s) relate to one another after the split: None - the section is split at the Justification line of the section it is split on. However, there is no connectivity created between the sections.
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Nodes - the section is split at the Justification line of the section it is split on. SNOD and SJOI elements are created which connect the split sections to the section(s) they were spilt on.
Trimmed - the section is split at the Justification line of the section it is split on. SNOD and SJOI elements are created which connect the split sections to the section(s) they were spilt on. The split sections are trimmed to the Pline at the extremity of the section(s) they split on.
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6.6.3
6.7
To Splice Sections
The Splice functionality allows sections to be divided into smaller lengths and, optionally, connected End to End. Note: The Primary Node toggle setting on the main toolbar must be switched Off. If switched On, Primary Nodes are created instead. From the main menu bar select Modify > Sections > Splice to display the Splice Section on Plane window. From this window the user can set a plane to create the splice.
To apply the splice to the CE, the current list or elements picked from the 3D graphical view select CE, List or Pick from the options listed on the top left of the window. If the List or Pick option is selected, all of the elements selected are spliced at their intersection with the plane. The value entered in the Plane size field specifies the size of the plane. To position the plane use either the Cursor or Intersection options from the window or enter the co-ordinates in the appropriate fields. If the Confirm before splicing checkbox is selected the user is prompted to confirm the splice. If the splice utility is applied to a list or pick selection this can be useful.
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In the Design Explorer, each column (SCTN) element now owns one or more Secondary Nodes at the locations of the ends of the beams. Each Secondary Node owns one or two Secondary Joints (SJOIs) with connection references to the attached beams. The logical connectivity between the sections is provided by this.
6.8
6.8.1
To Merge Sections
Any number of SCTN elements can be merged regardless of their specification, beta angle, or position provided they are collinear. From the main menu bar in the Beams and Columns application, select Modify> Section> Merge the user is prompted to Pick Panel/Section or end of first gensec to merge:. The first section picked is the dominant section. The prompt changes to Pick Section to merge or <esc> to finish:. The user must then pick the other sections to be merged from the 3D graphical view. Press Esc to terminate the picking process. If any of the picked sections are not collinear an error message is displayed.
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If panels are to be merged and they are not coplanar an error message is displayed.
If the Esc is pressed before at least two sections to merge have been picked an error message is displayed.
In each case click OK to abandon the merge. If all picked sections are collinear (or coplanar) a merge confirmation message is displayed. Click Yes to merge the picked sections with the first (dominant) section picked.
6.9
6.9.1
To Fillet Sections
From the main menu bar select Modify > Section > Fillet from the Beams and Columns application to display the prompt Pick end of first gensec/section to fillet:. The first section picked is the dominant section, that is the section whose attributes the created gensec inherits.
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On picking the end of the first section, the prompt changes to Pick the end of the second section to fillet:. If the sections picked are parallel an error message is displayed.
Click OK to abandon the filleting operation. If the sections are not coplanar an error message is displayed.
Click OK to abandon the filleting operation. As a GENSEC cannot own fittings, a Confirm window is displayed that states that filleting the sections removes all fittings and asks the user to confirm whether to proceed. Click Yes to display the input window for the fillet curve radius.
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By default the curve radius is 1000, click OK to accept this value. Alternatively enter a value greater than 0 in the text box and then click OK. If a value of 0 is entered the filleting operation is abandoned. Note: Take care when a curve radius is entered as inappropriate values (very large radii) can produce unexpected results. Once the fillet radius has been entered, the Fillet Point and Start and End of the GENSEC are displayed with aid graphics on the two sections in the 3D graphical view together with a further confirmation message.
Click Yes to create the filleted GENSEC. Click No to abandon the filleting operation. The new filleted GENSEC is given a new database Reference No.
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6.10
6.10.1
To Mitre Sections
To successfully mitre two section ends these points which concern relative position, orientation and other attributes of the two sections must be considered: The sections must not be parallel. The sections do not have to be the same Gtype but unacceptable results may occur. The sections do not have to be the same Beta Angle but unacceptable results may occur. The sections do not have to be co-planar but must be within the Offset depth tolerance. The Y direction of the sections does not have to be the same but unacceptable results may occur.
From the main menu bar of the Beams and Columns application select Modify > Sections > Mitre Ends the user is prompted to Pick first element to mitre.<ESC> to exit:. On picking the first section, the prompt changes to Pick second element to mitre.<ESC> to exit:. The end of the section may then be picked from the 3D graphical view. If the picked sections are parallel an error message is displayed.
Click OK to abandon the mitring operation. If the picked sections have different Gtypes a warning message is displayed.
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Click OK to continue the mitring operation. UNDO may be used if the mitre is unacceptable. If the picked sections have different Beta Angles a warning message is displayed.
Click OK to continue the mitring operation. UNDO may be used if the mitre is unacceptable. If the picked section ends are not co-planar and but within the Offset depth tolerance a warning message is displayed.
Click OK to continue the mitring operation. UNDO may be used if the mitre is unacceptable. If the picked section ends are not co-planar and outside the Offset depth tolerance an error message is displayed.
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Click OK to abandon the mitring operation. Note: The permissible value displayed is the current setting of the Offset depth tolerance. If the sections are valid, graphical aids display the angle bisector and additional information together with a confirmation message.
Click Yes to mitre the ends of the selected sections. Click No to abandon the mitre operation. The sections ends are now extended or shortened to the mitre plane and the start or end direction attribute of the section set to the mitre plane.
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Note: The connectivity of the mitred ends, if any, has not changed.
6.10.2
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Click Yes to mitre the section/GENSEC to the panel, or click No to abandon the mitring operation.
6.11
To Position Elements
Elements that have position attributes (for example, SCTNs) can be repositioned in a variety of ways. The two main methods are position Explicitly and position Relatively.
6.11.1
Explicitly (AT)
Positioning explicitly allows elements to be positioned at specific co-ordinates with respect to the world or other design elements. From the main menu toolbar select Position > Explicitly (AT) to display the Explicit Position window and the Positioning Control toolbar.
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The Datum option allows the user to specify the point on the element to which the position co-ordinates apply. Dependant on the option specified the application of modified coordinates have these effects on the element: Start - Relocates the start position of the element to the specified co-ordinates and leave its end position unchanged. End - Relocates the end position of the element to the specified co-ordinates and leave its start position unchanged. Centre - Relocates the entire element, its centre is located at the specified coordinates and the start and end positions are modified. Designate Position - used in conjunction with the Positioning Control toolbar to specify a point on the element for repositioning. The entire element is relocated or re-orientated with the Designated Position at the specified co-ordinates and the start and end positions modified.
When the Explicit Position window is opened a bounding box is displayed around the element together with an axes aid and the Start position. A change to the Datum re-displays the axes aid and labels the specified position.
To define a position explicitly, enter the required co-ordinates in the appropriate direction textbox. If necessary use the wrt textbox to identify the elements whose co-ordinate system is used for the position data. The bounding box adjusts to show the new position. Click Apply to reposition the element or click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Explicit Position window. To define a position by reference to an item that already exists, use the Positioning Control toolbar and the cursor to identify the required position by picking them in the graphical view. If required use the Lock checkboxes to fix the current co-ordinate along any axis. To position another section, use the Select menu options to change the focus of the window. Use the CE or Owner option if the required item is selected in the design explorer, or use the Pick or Pick Owner option and then select the required item with the cursor
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when prompted. The window displays the current position and the user can then enter new values to change any part of this.
6.11.2
Relatively (BY)
Positioning relatively allows the user to position elements by a specified distance, along one or more axes, from its current position. The directions can be with respect to the world or other design elements. From the main menu toolbar select Position > Relatively (BY) to displays the Positioning Control toolbar and the Position By window.
The window allows the user to specify a distance along a single axis or varying distances along any combination of the three axes. By default the axes directions are with respect to the world although any valid design element may be used. An axes aid is displayed at the start position of the current element.
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When distances are entered against any of the axes a New Position label is displayed at the entered distance(s) from the current position, thus enabling the user to see if the new location for the element is correct. Click Apply moves the entire element to its new location. The Positioning Control toolbar and the cursor can also be used to define distances graphically. When two points are picked the distance in the Position By window is automatically populated. If required, use the Lock checkboxes to fix the current co-ordinate along any axis.
6.11.3
Extend Through
Extend Through window allows the user to specify a plane, position and orientation to extend either end of the section to. The section only extends along its Z axis, that is its extrusion direction, as the plane is infinite in its planar dimensions. In PDMS a planes direction is defined by the direction of a vector normal (that is perpendicular in all directions) to the plane. The position of the plane is defined by the start position of that vector. From the main menu toolbar select Position > Extend > Through to display the Extend Section - Relative window.
The End of Section list allows the user to specify which end of the section is extended (or trimmed) to the plane. Four choices are available: Nearest end The default setting. The end of the section nearest to the plane is repositioned. Start The start position of the section is moved. End The end position of the section is moved.
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Pick Click Apply and the user is prompted to pick which end of the beam is to be re-positioned.
When the Extend Section - Relative window is displayed, a label is placed at each end of the section to identify which end is the Start and which is the End. The user can define the plane position explicitly by entering co-ordinates in the Plane Direction East/West, North/South and Up/Down fields of the window, or with the Cursor and Intersection functionality and selection of the position in the 3D graphical view. The Plane Direction is set by default to Up, however any direction can be entered to orientate the plane.
In the figure above the plane has been initially positioned with the Cursor > Element option and then moved by entering a new North co-ordinate. The Plane Direction has been set to S. The plane aid and direction vector displayed helps the user visualize the position and direction of the plane. Click Apply to extend the end of the current element to the plane. The position of any Secondary Nodes owned by the section is measured from its start position. Select the Maintain Sections Node Positions checkbox to make sure the Secondary Nodes stay in their original position when the start position of the section is moved. Otherwise, the Secondary Nodes move with the start position, that is their Z distance attribute are maintained. Select the Cut end(s) to plane checkbox to orientate the end of the section to the plane direction after it has been extended or trimmed.
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12 Series
6.11.4
Extend By
The Extend By functionality allows the user to lengthen or shorten the section by moving its Start or End position through a specified amount. From the main menu toolbar select Position > Extend > By the Extend Section - Explicit window is displayed.
A label is placed at either end of the section to identify the Start and End locations. The Extend drop-down menu allows the user to select which end of the section is extended, the choices are Start, End or Pick. If the Pick option is selected the user is prompted to select the end of the section that is re-positioned when the Apply is selected. The user can move the end of a section either by Distance or by a Proportion of the sections current length, by selection of the appropriate option and entering the required value. Entering a positive value lengthens the section and entering a negative value shortens it. To maintain the position of any Secondary Node owned by the section, select the Maintain Sections Node Positions checkbox.
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6:42
12 Series
6.11.5
Drag Explicitly
The Drag Explicitly functionality allows the user to re-position a section, have any attached sections lengths adjusted and realign the Secondary Nodes automatically. It is, therefore, equivalent to three operations, that is Position > Explicitly (AT), Connect > Trim to Pline > all attached and Position > Align Secondary Nodes, in one. From the main menu toolbar select Position > Drag Explicitly to display the Drag Explicitly window and Positioning Control toolbar.
The Datum drop-down list enables the user to select the element Origin or an ID Design point as the point for the dragging operation. However, the Origin co-ordinates with respect to the World are displayed by default. Any valid design element may be used to define the axis system for the direction boxes by entering the appropriate element in the wrt box. The Positioning Control toolbar may be used to determine the new position by graphical pick, as previously mentioned. A bounding box and axes aid at the start position are also displayed.
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All connected sections trim to the new position of the owning section, they adjust their length as necessary. The behaviour of the attached sections depends on whether the joint is dominant or subordinate, for more information refer to Dominant Versus Subordinate Joints.
6.12
6.13
Orientation
SCTN elements do not have a direct Orientation attribute, however, a pseudo-attribute for orientation can be queried, for example, Q ORI, which returns the normal orientation format information but is derived from the SCTNs frame of reference, the Start and End positions and the Beta Angle of the SCTN. Profiles in PDMS catalogues are defined with the NA Pline always pointing in a positive Y direction, that is Up, and the extrusion direction as positive Z, in accordance with the Right Hand Rule: The Beta Angle default is 0 which places the profile in the model in the orientation they are defined in the catalogue.
6.13.1
Axes
The Orientate window enables the user to change which axis is East, North and Up with respect to the World, or if another design element is used, with the option lists or entering the appropriate direction in the textboxes. From the main menu toolbar select Orientate > Axes to display the Orientate window.
The Orientate window only works with elements that have a direct Orientation attribute. If the user attempts to use this functionality on an element that does not have a direct orientation attribute, for example, a SCTN, SBFR or FRMW, a warning message is displayed.
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For this reason, this functionality is not frequently used in the structural discipline.
6.13.2
Rotate
From the main menu toolbar select Orientate > Rotate. to display the Rotate window.
By default, the Rotation Axis direction is U and positioned at the Start position of the element. The Rotation Axis Direction may be changed by entering another direction or its reference altered by modification of the wrt data. The centre of rotation, that is, the origin of the Rotation Axis vector, may be positioned by entering a distance against one or more directions. The Angle in degrees by which the element is to be rotated, must be entered in the Angle ($XO) textbox prior to clicking Apply. An axis direction aid is displayed, positioned at the centre of rotation, together with an axes aid that shows the rotation angles at 90 degree intervals.
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In this figure the default Rotation Axis of U is shown, that is the extrusion direction of the section. The centre of rotation is positioned at the default position of Start Position, that is at the justification Pline TOS. The centre of rotation can also be set graphically with the Cursor and Intersection options from the window menu. Put a negative value to the Angle used and click Apply again to reverse the results of the rotate command.
6.13.3
Beta Angle
The Beta Angle of a SCTN defines the rotation around its U axis. The effect of changes to the Beta Angle are shown in the diagram below.
In this diagram the Justification Line is set to TOAX. Modifying the Beta Angle rotates the section around its U axis defined by the Justification Line. Selecting Orientate > Beta Angle from the main menu toolbar allows the user to modify the Beta Angle in positive or negative increments of 90 degrees from the sub-menu.
6.13.4
Flip
The Flip functionality allows the user to change the orientation of sections by exchanging the Start and End positions, that is, the U direction of the section is orientated through 180 degrees. Only asymmetrical sections such as angles and channels are affected by this although it may be applied to all section profiles. After the selection of Orientate > Flip from the main menu toolbar, the user is prompted to select, with the cursor, the elements to Flip. Once the selection is made, press Esc to flip the chosen sections.
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12 Series
6.14
Connectivity
A connection between two SCTN elements is facilitated by a Secondary Joint (SJOI) element. The SJOI is owned by a Secondary Node (SNOD) element, which is positioned on the Justification line of the Owning section at the intersection between the Attached and Owning sections.
Sections are connected automatically when they are created if the Secondary Nodes checkbox on the Section window is selected. When SCTN elements are connected the SJOI element is created, owned by the SNOD element of the Owning section. The SJOI has a Cref (connection reference) attribute that points to the name of the Attached section.
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The Attached section has two attributes, Joistart (Joint start) and Joiend (Joint end) that point to the name of the SJOI element by which they are attached to their respective Owning members, thus creating a circular reference. SCTN elements may also be connected explicitly with the Connect menu. From the main menu bar, select Connect > Connect the user is prompted to Identify section to be connected to:
Click to select the section to be connected and the prompt changes to Identify section end to be connected: press Esc to terminate the selection process. SNODs and SJOIs are created at each Owning/Attached intersection. Where two or more sections connect to the Owning section at the same point, a single SNOD is created which owns two or more SJOI elements. The Cref attribute of each SJOI points to the name of the relevant Attached section. Connections may be updated after position changes to the owning or attached sections with one of these selections from the Connect menu: Connect > Trim to Pline - Trims the section to a Pline selected by the system in accordance with current Pline rule, that is POSL attribute of the SJOI element is modified. Connect > Trim to Section - Trims the section in accordance with the current Posline setting of the SJOI element. The incorrect connection of the attached member may result from this, for example, if the Beta Angle of the Owning SCTN has changed.
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To disconnect SCTN elements select Connect > Disconnect from the main menu tool bar the user is prompted to Identify section to be disconnected:
Click the section to be disconnected and the prompt changes to Identify section end to be disconnected:. Press Esc to terminate the selection process. Note: If required the user can undo the disconnect procedure, from the main tool bar click Edit > Undo.
6.14.1
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12 Series
The standard default is for joints to be subordinate. The default can be changed by the selection of Settings > Tolerances from the main menu toolbar to display the Section Tolerances window. Joint freedom can be changed after the joint is created by the selection of Connect > Joint Subordinate or Connect > Joint Dominant from the main menu toolbar. The user is prompted to select the section ends to apply the chosen setting to. Note: If required the user can undo the connect procedure, from the main toolbar click Edit > Undo.
6.15
Create Fittings
Section fittings are catalogue items which are referenced in Design by FITT elements which are owned by SCTN elements. Each fitting is designed to be associated with one or more appropriate Plines for the particular section profile it is attached to. Due to catalogue parameterization, one fitting type may be applied to all section sizes of a particular profile category it was designed for. A section fitting is positioned relative the start position of a SCTN element along its extrusion direction, that is its Z direction. Make sure an SCTN element is the CE, from the main menu bar select Create > Fitting > Single the Create Fitting window is displayed.
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6:50
12 Series
The Specification Data part of the Create Fitting window allows the user to specify the exact fitting required. Specification and drop-down list allows the user to select the type of fitting required, for example web stiffeners, lifting lugs, fire insulation, and so on. The Section Type shows the Generic Type (GTYPE) of the SCTN that owns the fitting, that is the current element. The Sub-Type drop-down list enables the user to select the sub-type of fitting for example a particular type or shape of insulation. The scrollable list displays all available fittings for the Specification, Section Type and Sub-Type selected. The Settings part of the window allows the user to select the position and orientation of the fitting. The Justification options list allows the user to select the Pline to which the fitting is attached.
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6:51
12 Series
Use Pick Justification to select the required Pline graphically rather than selection from the options list. The Zdistance textbox allows the user to enter the distance from the section start to the fitting along the selected Pline. The Position Element may be used, in conjunction with the Positioning Control toolbar, to determine the position of the fitting and, therefore, the Zdistance graphically. The Beta Angle field is used to specify the rotation of the fitting around the owning sections Z axis. Properties is used to specify any Design Parameters that may have been used in the catalogue definition of the fitting. If Design Parameters have been used the Modify Properties window is displayed.
Plotfile is used to display a sketch of the fitting if one has been supplied in the catalogue data set. If no Plotfile has been supplied for the fitting an error message is displayed.
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6.15.1
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6:53
12 Series
6.15.2
Compound Fitting
A compound fitting is an administrative concept, a number of sub-compound fittings can be owned by a compound fitting. Components owned by a compound fitting can be modified as a group. To create a compound fitting select Create > Fitting > Compound from the main menu to display the Create Compound Fitting window.
The procedure to create the compound fitting is the same as for a Single Fitting, for more information refer to Create Fittings.
6.15.3
Sub-Compound Fitting
Make sure a Compound Fitting is the CE. Select Create > Fitting > Sub-Compound from the main menu to display the Create Sub Fitting window.
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The procedure to create the compound fitting is the same as for a Single Fitting, for more information refer to Create Fittings.
6.15.4
Modify a Fitting
To modify the definition of a fitting select Modify > Fitting > Definition from the main menu toolbar, the Modify Fitting window is displayed.
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6:55
12 Series
The procedure to modify the definition of a fitting is the same as for the creation of a Single Fitting, refer to Create Fittings. To modify the position of the fitting, make sure the section the fitting is attached to is the CE and select Modify > Fitting > Position Line. The Position Line window is displayed but is greyed out and the user is prompted to identify the fitting. Click the fitting in the 3D graphical view and the Position Line window becomes active.
Click Justification and the user is prompted to Identify Pline to justify to: with the cursor in the 3D graphical view identify the Pline to align the fitting to. An aid arrow is displayed at the Pline location on the section, which points in the Z direction of the Pline. The aid arrow is identified by a text aid which shows the Pline name.
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Click Apply to move the fitting to its new position. Alternatively select the Pline location from the drop-down menu and click Apply. When the new position has been established click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Position Line window.
6.16
Modify Material
In this operation the user is allowed to change the material of the selected element irrespective of the default specification material. From the main menu toolbar select Modify > Material, the Set Material window is displayed.
From the drop-down menu select the element to be modified. It can be the CE, selected from a List or picked with the cursor in the 3D graphical view. Select the material from the scrollable list and click Apply to change the material. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Set Material window.
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If the Cascade Material to all offspring checkbox is selected, any associated items (for example: fittings) have their material changed as well.
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6:58
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7.1
The options available for selection, in the upper parts of the menus are common to the equivalent Beams and Columns menus, whereas many of the options in the lower parts of the menus are specific to the Panels and Plates application.
7.2
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7:1
12 Series
The panel thickness is defined by setting the Height (HEIG) attribute of the Panel Loop, the distance through which the 2D Panel Loop is extruded to form the 3D panel.
Note: The justification of a panel that results may be dependent upon the clockwise/ anticlockwise direction of creation for the panel. Each Panel Vertex can have an optional Fillet Radius setting which represents a circular arc which curves towards (positive radius) or away from (negative radius) the vertex position, as shown:
7.3
Panel Specification
A panel specification can be set so that a range of thicknesses or an explicit panel thickness can be used. As panels do not have catalogue items the Specification Reference does not have a Catalogue Reference and the selected thickness may be overwritten when the panel is created. The specification may be left unset and the panel thickness specified during panel creation. The default panel specification is shown in the Panels and Plates toolbar. The Default Panel Specification is shown as unset.
Click Set Panel Default Specification in the Panels and Plates toolbar to display the Plate Specification (Default) window.
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7:2
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Click Specification to select the default panel specification. After selection of the default panel specification the user can select the default thickness from the displayed list. Select Unset and the specification is not set. After the thickness is selected click Apply to set the specification and default thickness. Click the Dismiss to discard any information and close the Plate Specification (Default) window.
7.4
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7:3
12 Series
7.5
Set the Justification to Bottom (this allows the user to position the bottom face of the panels on the top of their supporting sections). Set the Thickness, if a panel specification had been set the default thickness would be shown. Entering a new value is permitted but this message is displayed:
Click Yes to override the default thickness value and change it to Unset. Click No to disregard the entered thickness value and retain the default value. Leave the Representation set to Predefined: Default for now. These settings (Levels and Obstruction) affect the way items are shown in 3D views and how they are dealt with when checking for clashes between design items.
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7:4
12 Series
Define four vertices, V1-V4, to define the overall area of the floor plate shown shaded in the diagram:
Create Methods enables the user to define each vertex the methods used are: Derived points from Graphic picks Derive points from centres and plines Trace boundary of another extrusion/ panel Explicitly defined position Point offset from previous Define arc fillet Derived arc passing through three points Fixed radius arc, passing through two points Allows the user to pick a point graphically with the Position Control Bar. Allows the user to construct a point from the intersection of two plines with a panel that already exists. Allows the user to create vertices which follow the shape of a panel that already exists. Allows the user to specify a position by entering explicit coordinates. Allows the user to specify a distance and direction which define a point relative to the position of the vertex that precedes it. Allows the user to construct a fillet arc with a specified radius between two picked tangent lines. Allows the user to construct a fillet arc that passes through three picked points. Allows the user to construct a fillet arc with a specified radius, that passes through two picked points, which curves towards a picked direction.
For the purpose of this user guide, two options are used to illustrate the principles: Derive Points From Graphic Picks Point Offset From Previous.
Click Derive Points From Graphic Picks. The Positioning Control tool bar indicates that the user is now in event-driven graphics mode, ready to pick the position of the first vertex.
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7:5
12 Series
Pick the column and either of the beams whose intersection coincides with V1 in the diagram. From the Create Methods part of the Create Panel window, No vertices currently defined is automatically changed to 1 Vertices defined (no Panel created). After the definition of this first vertex, Remove Previous Point becomes active. From this the user is able to delete the previous vertex definition. Note: The first vertex defined for a new panel becomes the panels origin (as displayed) by default. The user can change this if required. Repeat this point-picking procedure to define V2 and V3, in that order. As soon as the user has defined three vertices, the plane of the new panel is shown in the 3D graphical view (as a triangle) and a PANEL element added into the Design Explorer. From the Create Methods part of the Create Panel window, 1 Vertices defined (no Panel created) is automatically changed to 3 Vertices defined (Panel created). Once the third vertex has been defined, an axis aid is displayed at the default panel origin. It shows the panels axis system. The Y (North) direction is defined by the direction from vertex 1 to vertex 2.
As a demonstration, V4 is positioned relative to V3. Click Point Offset From Previous. The Define vertex window is displayed in which the user can specify the required offset.
Set the Direction and the Distance, click Apply to create the vertex, or click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Define Vortex window.
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7:6
12 Series
The Create Methods part of the Create Panel window, is automatically changed to 4 Vertices defined (Panel created). If required, the user can modify the panel vertices immediately, to do this, select the Display modification form checkbox. Click OK to complete the panel creation operation. The Design Explorer now includes one PANEL, one PLOOP and four PAVERT elements (as defined in How Panels are Represented).
7.6
Modify a Panel
Once a panel has been created, the PLOO geometry may be modified by moving, adding and deleting vertices, edges and arcs. The vertices may also be expanded or contracted by a specified amount. A group of vertices may be selected to be copied and inserted in a different part of the loop. Tools are provided to modify the group, for example move the origin or mirroring, before the group is inserted.
7.6.1
As with many of the windows used in PDMS, the Loop Vertex Editor window fulfils several functions. The window is divided into several areas which are described below.
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The window menu contains these options: Control > CE When the window is displayed, the panel becomes the CE name. If the user navigates to another panel and selects this, the CE for the new panel edited by the window is displayed. Closes the window. When set On the user must select Create or Modify to implement each creation or modification, dependant on which mode is current. When set Off, each creation or modification is implemented immediately. When set On, the user must confirm each deletion in order to complete the command. When set Off, deletions are implemented immediately. When set On, each edge is tagged with the number of the vertex at its start.
Note: Edges are tagged automatically, regardless of this setting, if the panel has incorrect geometry for any reason (for example, zero thickness). Settings > Free rotate When set On this option allows groups of vertices to be oriented automatically when they are positioned relative, to say one edge, and are then moved to a different edge. Redundant vertices, in situations where two or more vertices have the same position, are deleted.
Remove
The options in the Mode Selection area of the window allows the user to select a single vertex, an edge or a group of vertices to be modified or create a new vertex. Select all Select group to modify Select edge to modify Allows the user to select all vertices in the loop so they can be modified as a group. Allows the user to select any number of individual vertices so they can be modified as a group. Allows the user to pick an edge to be modified. The adjacent Edge gadget shows the current edge number (for example: the number of the vertex at its start). Allows the user to pick a vertex to be modified. The adjacent Vertex gadget shows the current vertex number. Allows the user to create a new vertex, which is allocated the next number in the sequence after the current vertex.
The Vertex/Edge part of the window displays a Select option and a counter that shows the current vertex or edge, dependant on the current mode. If the Select edge to modify is selected, the counter label changes to Edge and the counter shows the current edge.
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Select vertex/edge allows the user to pick a vertex in the graphical view. The adjacent Vertex/Edge counter shows the current vertex/edge number, which is also tagged in the graphical view. The user can navigate to a specific vertex/edge by typing its number in the textbox or with the up/down arrows to step through the list. When a group of vertices are modified, the options in the Group part of the window become active. These options allow the user to modify the current group in these ways: Note: These options affect only the Groups behaviour; they do not affect the vertex numbering for the panel loop. A Group may be the entire loop if the Select option has been used.
Reverses the group definition by implicitly renumbering all of the group vertices in the opposite sense (that is clockwise or anticlockwise). The origin moves to the other side of the gap. The sense of the current vertex sequence is shown by the aid arrow in the graphical view. Moves the open-side of the group, and the origin, one position forwards, that is, in the sense of the vertex numbering. Moves the open-side of the group, and the origin, one position backwards, that is, in the opposite sense to the vertex numbering.
A Group may be expanded or contracted by the value specified in the field: Expand group - moves each edge outwards to expand the group area, by the distance specified in the adjacent Expand/Contract textbox, normal to its own direction. Contract group - moves each edge inwards to contract the group area by the distance specified in the adjacent Expand/Contract textbox, normal to its own direction.
Note: Expand/Contract applies to all edges in the Group and includes those on panel protrusions, and so on, therefore, excessive expansion or contraction may lead to invalid loop geometry.
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7:9
12 Series
If an edge is modified, the options available in the Line part of the window become active. These options allow the user to modify the current edge in these ways: Extend start of line Moves the Start vertex along the edge direction to align it through a picked position. Use the Positioning Control options to pick the required position. Alternatively, if a line is selected, the Start vertex is moved along the edge direction until it intersects the picked line. These operations can change the edge length. Moves the End vertex along the edge direction to align it through a picked position. Use the Positioning Control options to pick the required position. Alternatively, if a line is selected, the End vertex is moved along the edge direction until it intersects the picked line. These operations can change the edge length. Moves the free vertex (lower case tagging) around the reference vertex to align the edge with a picked line (another edge, a Pline and so on). The operation maintains the edge length.
The options in the Rotate part of the window allows the user to rotate groups of vertices in these ways: Rotate group anti-clockwise Rotates the edge anticlockwise, through the rotation angle specified in the Angle textbox, about the reference end (uppercase tagging). The operation maintains the edge length. Rotates the edge clockwise, through the rotation angle specified in the Angle textbox about the reference end (uppercase tagging). The operation maintains the edge length.
The options in the Modify part of the window allows the user to carry out these operations on the current Group selection: Insert selected Moves a vertex group and inserts it at a different position in the loop sequence. Use the Vertex selector to navigate to the required point in the sequence; the group is inserted after the current vertex. Moves the current vertex, edge or group such that the new positions are derived by reflection of the original positions about a picked line (an edge, Pline, and so on). Deletes a group, edge or vertex from the loop definition. Manipulates a fillet arc at the current loop vertex. When selected the Modify Arc window is displayed and the Loop Vertex Editor window becomes temporarily inactive.
Mirror
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7:10
12 Series
7.6.2
To modify the thickness of a panel, make the panel to be modified the CE and select Modify > Thickness from the main menu toolbar, the Panel Thickness window is displayed.
Input the required thickness in the Thickness field and select Apply to modify the panel thickness.
7.6.3
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7:11
12 Series
Make the panel to be modified the CE and select Modify > Justification from the main menu toolbar, the Panel Justification window is displayed. Select Bottom, Centre or Top from the Justification drop-down list and click Apply to modify the panel justification.
The in/out checkbox enables the user to set the direction relative to the plane used to justify the panel as shown in the diagram.
7.7
Connect Panels
There are three principle modes of operation for connecting panels: Edge to Edges to Drag Edge to.
7.7.1
Edge To
Connect a single edge to the selected item to be connected to. If the vertices describing the edge do not align with the selected item they are modified to align. Other edges adjacent to the selected edge remain at their previous locations.
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7:12
12 Series
7.7.2
Edges To
Connect selected edges to the selected item to be connected to. If the vertices describing the edges do not align with the selected item they are modified to align. Relative geometry between the selected edges is not maintained.
7.7.3
Drag Edge To
Drags the selected edges such that the nearest edge connects to the selected item but maintains the relative geometry of the selected edges.
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
7:13
12 Series
7.7.4
To connect a panel click the connection required and follow the prompts: Vertex to vertex Edge to surface Edges to surface Drag edge to surface Edge to edge Edges to edge Drag edge to edge Edge to section Edges to section connects a vertex from a panel to a vertex of another panel. connects an edge of a panel to the surface of another panel. connects selected edges of a panel to the surface of another panel. drags selected edge of a panel to surface of another panel. connects selected edge of a panel to an edge of another panel. connects selected edges of a panel to an edge of another panel. drags selected edge of a panel to the edge of another panel. connects selected edge of a panel to selected Pline of a section. connects selected edges of a panel to selected Pline of a section.
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
7:14
12 Series
drags selected edge of a panel to selected Pline of a section. trims all edges of current panel to suit current connections.
7.8
Disconnect Panels
If required, the user can disconnect, panels, edges, an edge and a vertex, to do this from the main menu toolbar, select Connect > Disconnect.
The user selects from the drop-down menu of available options and follows the prompts.
7.9
7.10
Split a Panel
From the main menu toolbar, select Modify > Split, the Spilt Steel window is displayed. The procedure to split a panel is identical to that of splitting structural elements, for more information, refer to To Split Structural Elements. The user can only split a panel along the axis of an element that already exists. To introduce a split line anywhere else, simply create a section where the user want the split to occur, split the panel, then delete the section.
7.11
Merge Panels
Any number of PANE elements may be merged regardless of their thickness or justification as long as they are coplanar and at least one adjacent loop is coincident. From the main menu tool bar, select Modify > Merge the user is prompted to Pick Panel/ Section or end of first Gensec to merge:. The first panel to be picked is the dominant panel, that is the panel that all other picked panels are merged into and whose attributes the merged panels inherit. On picking the first panel the user is prompted to Pick panel to merge or <Esc> to finish:. The rest of the panels to be merged may be picked from the 3D graphical view. Press Esc to terminate the picking process.
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7:15
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If one or more of the picked panels are not coplanar, an error message is displayed.
If Esc is pressed before at least one panel to merge has been picked, an error message is displayed.
Click OK on either of these abandons the merge process. If all picked panels are coplanar a merge confirmation message is displayed. The panels to be merged are highlighted in the 3D graphical view.
Click Yes to merge the highlighted panels, or click No to abandon the merge. The merged panels have the database Reference No. of the panel picked first (the dominant panel).
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
7:16
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7.12
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7:17
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7.13
Vertices V1-V4 in this diagram define the negative extrusion; their numbering is independent of the panel vertices. Note: Negative extrusion vertices are shown in italic to distinguish them from panel vertices. Notice how the outer edge of the negative extrusion (V1-V2) extends beyond the outer edge of the panel to make sure that the hole always penetrates through the panel edge. Similarly, the thickness of the negative extrusion should exceed the thickness of the panel to make sure that the hole always penetrates completely through the panel. To create a negative extrusion where a column passes through the midpoint of the edge of a panel, navigate to that panel. From the main menu bar select Create > Negative Extrusion. The Create Negative Extrusion window is displayed.
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To see the negative extrusion volume in the 3D graphical view, select Settings > Graphics > Representation and clear the Holes Drawn checkbox. Select Apply and OK the change. To achieve the correct justification and orientation for the negative extrusion relative to its owning panel, from the Settings pane of the window, click Surface. Then pick the upper face of the panel. Note: To get a better view, zoom in close to the panel and the column of interest and look along (and slightly above) the panel. The hole penetrates into the panel thickness from this surface. Set Hole Depth (equivalent to the thickness of the negative extrusion) to 250. A large depth like this makes it easy to see the volume of the negative extrusion once created. A depth slightly greater than the panel thickness would normally suffice, since the application automatically adds 1mm to make sure that the hole always cuts through the referenced panel surface. The settings pane of the Create Negative Extrusion window is populated as shown:
Use any combination of the methods used to create and modify panel vertices (see Create Simple Panels and Modify a Panel). The user now creates the four vertices needed to define the required hole round the column, as shown in the diagram. For ease of positioning, align V1 and V2 with the outer face of the column (although any position beyond the panel edge would be satisfactory).
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When the four vertices are created, click OK. The Create Negative Extrusion window is dismissed and the Loop Vertex Editor window is displayed.
When created, the negative extrusion appears as an outline volume superimposed on the design in the graphical view. If positioned correctly, its upper face just protrudes from the top face of the panel, as shown:
(If not, use the Position > Relatively (BY) menu option to move the negative extrusion vertically to a position where it cuts both faces of the panel.) To see the result of applying the negative volume represented by the negative extrusion to the positive volume of the panel, revert to Holes Drawn On representation. The negative extrusion creates a hole only through its owning panel; it does not affect the column.
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
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7.14
Position Panels
Panels that have position attributes can be repositioned which is identical to positioning structural elements. For more information, refer to To Position Elements. However the Panels and Plates Application has two unique menu options: Panel Origin Level Vertices.
7.14.1
Panel Origin
When a panel is created the Origin is placed at the first vertex by default and the X and Y co-ordinates of all other vertices in the panel relate to this position. From the main menu toolbar select Position > Panel Origin and the user is prompted to Pick near vertex for new origin which allows the user to use a different vertex in the PLOO as the panel origin. If the origin is redefined in this way, the coordinates of all vertices owned by the current panel loop are recalculated relative to the new origin such that their positions in the design model remain unchanged.
7.14.2
Level Vertices
Level vertices are described in a previous section of this user guide, for more information, refer to Create Simple Panels.
7.15
Orientation of Panels
The processes for orientation of panels are identical to those used in the orientation of structural elements, for information on the orientation of panels refer to Orientation.
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7.16
Trim Panel
To trim a panel, from the main menu toolbar, select Connect > Trim, the user is prompted to Pick panel to trim, once the panel is selected it is highlighted in red in the 3D graphical view. All edges of current panel is trimmed to suit current connections.
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
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Panel Fittings
Panel Fitting elements (PFIT) can be used to represent any item which is attached to a Panel. These can be used to indicate such things as the presence of the penetrating item or an ancillary item such as an inspection cover, doorway or manhole. A PFIT is positioned relative to the origin of its own panel. Fittings are represented by these soft element types: Single Compound Sub-Compound elements.
As with the bolted joint, panel fittings can incorporate (or consist entirely of) negative volumes which represent holes in their owning panels. A panel fitting is positioned relative to its owning panels origin by setting its Position (POSI) attribute and is orientated about an axis perpendicular to the panel by setting its Beta Angle (BANG) attribute. It can be justified to align its origin plane with the top face, centre plane, or bottom face of the panel by setting its Justification (SJUS) attribute. As an example, a stylised manhole might be defined like this:
When a new panel fitting is created, it is positioned automatically at the origin of its owning panel. It can then move it to the required position in any of the standard ways.
8.1
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8:1
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The Create Panel Fitting window allows the user access to all available panel fitting specifications in the current catalogue. As a new panel fitting is created, rather than modify the specification of a panel that already exists, by default the window is set as a New Panel Fitting as the current element. To select a current detailing specification, from the Specification Data pane of the Create Panel Fitting window, select Specification for Standard Access, Access Cover, Standard Manhole Access, ACCESS_COVER. From the Settings pane of the Create Panel Fitting window, select the Justification of the single panel fitting. These options allows the user to specify the panel plane (top, centre or bottom) which is to be used as the alignment datum and the orientation of the fitting relative to this plane, as shown:
By default, the fitting is positioned at the origin of its owning panel. To position the fitting at another position, from the Create Panel Fitting window, click Pick Position. The Pick
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Fitting Position window is displayed and automatically populated with co-ordinates of the origin of its owning panel. The user is also prompted to Pick Fitting Position (Snap) Snap: Enter the new co-ordinates into the dimension fields or pick a point in the 3D graphical view.
From the Pick Fitting Position window, the coordinates of the picked position is automatically updated in the Create Panel Fitting window. Click OK, the Pick Fitting Position window is closed. To create the fitting from the Create Panel Fitting window, select Apply. The new panel fitting is displayed in the Design Explorer as a PFITTING owned by the PANEL. Click to identify the PFIT as the CE, from the main menu bar select Orientate > Angle > 90 Degrees to rotate the fitting within the plane of the panel. (The default orientation has the Beta Angle set to zero.) To see the effects of the change to the justification, from the main menu toolbar, select Modify > Fitting. The Modify Panel Fitting window is displayed:
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Modify the panel fitting as required, click OK to accept the changes or click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Modify window. Sections can also own Fittings (FITTs rather than PFITs in this case) which can serve a similarly wide range of purposes. Similar principles apply to their creation and manipulation in the Beams and Columns application, for more information, refer to Some Standard Fittings. Note: Such a fitting is positioned along its owning section by setting its distance from the sections start (the Zdistance).
8.2
Compound Fittings
More complex fittings may be represented by Compound Fittings, each of which can own a set of Subfittings. Subfittings owned by a compound fitting are modified as a group, that is if the position of a compound fitting is changed all the sub-fittings are moved in relationship to the compound fitting.
8.2.1
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The functionality of the Create Compound Panel Fitting window is identical to the Create Panel Fitting window, For more information, refer to Single Panel Fitting.
8.2.2
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The functionality of the Create Sub Fitting window is identical to the Create Panel Fitting window, For more information, refer to Single Panel Fitting.
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9.1
Look at each pull-down menu in turn. The options in the upper parts of the menus are common to the equivalent Beams and Columns menus, whereas many of the options in the lower parts of the menus are specific to the Walls and Floors application.
9.2
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9:1
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Click Set Wall Default Specification in the Walls and Floors toolbar to display the Wall Specification (Default) window.
The Specification Data area enables a specific profile to be set as default. The Pline Settings area of the window enables these attributes for the chosen profile to be set: Justification - Sets the justification of the wall with the Pline names. Member Line - Sets the position of the line displayed in Draft, for example, the centre line. Joint Line - sets the pline for joint geometry (normally NA).
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9:2
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Click Properties to display the Modify Properties window where the thickness and height of the wall are set. Click Apply in the Wall Specification (Default) window to set the wall specification. The wall specification is shown in the Walls and Floors toolbar. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Wall Specification (Default) window. Click Set Floor/Screed Specification in the Walls and Floors toolbar to display the Floor/ Screed Specification (Default) window.
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After selection of the default Panel specification, Floor Specification or Screed Specification, the user can select the default thickness from the displayed list. Select unset and the specification is not set. To set the specification and default thickness, click Apply. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Floor/Screed Specification (Default) window.
9.3
Straight Wall
A straight wall design element (STWALL) is a soft type element used as part of the building representation rather than for structural design. For more information on soft type elements, refer to Structural Specific Hierarchy. The straight wall element is a type of a Section (SCTN), used to represent a wall created by extruding a 2D catalogue profile with a start and finish position. To create a straight wall, from the main menu toolbar select Create > Wall > Straight. The Straight Wall window is displayed, the Positioning Control toolbar is activated and the user is prompted to Define Straight wall start (Snap) Snap:.
From the Straight Wall window there are three options by which walls are created available to the user: Single - Start and End points are individually defined for each section. Continuous - Start point of subsequent walls is the end point of previous. Radial - Start point for subsequent walls is the same as the first.
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The user must define the start of the wall explicitly by entering explicit X,Y and Z coordinates. From the Create Option pane of the Straight Wall window, select Define Start/ End Explicitly. The Define straight wall start is displayed.
Enter the required East, North and Up co-ordinates and the Start position is shown in the graphical view. The default wrt World defines the co-ordinate system by which the position is specified. If the start position is not in the correct place click Redefine Start to start again. Click OK to confirm the entered co-ordinates and activates all the functionality available from the Create Option display. The user is also prompted to Define straight wall end (Snap) Snap:. Or click Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Define straight wall start window. The end position may be defined in several ways, from the Create Option pane of the Straight wall window: Click Define Start/End Explicitly to display the Define Straight Wall End window which is used in exactly the same way as the Define Straight Wall Start window.
Click OK to confirm the entered co-ordinates or click Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Define straight wall end window. Click Define end a given distance and direction from start to display a Define straight wall end window.
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9:5
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Enter a direction with respect to the World or other co-ordinate system and the required distance from the wall start position. Click OK and the end position is shown in the graphical view briefly before the wall is shown. Click Perpendicular from to create a wall perpendicular to the wall specified for the new wall start. The user is prompted to Pick straight Section/Wall to derive perpendicular from:. Click Perpendicular to create a wall perpendicular to a selected wall. The user is prompted to Pick straight Section/Wall to derive perpendicular end to:. If the Confirm checkbox in the Verification window is selected a line is drawn in the graphical view to show the position of the wall. Click Accept to draw the new wall or Reject to start again.
9.3.1
Ring Wall
A ring wall (WALL) is a soft type element of a generic section (GENSEC), used to represent a wall created by extruding a catalogue profile, spine shape which follows a circular arc (up to a full circle). From the main menu toolbar select Create > Wall > Ring, the Ring Wall window is displayed.
The Circle Definition pane of the Ring Wall window, defines whether the wall is a full circle or a semi circle.
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The user must then select how the ring wall is created, from the Create Methods pane of the Ring Wall: Through 3 points Creates a ring wall which passes through three defined points. The user is prompted to define three points in the 3D graphical view. Creates an offset ring wall on a structure that already exists. The user is prompted to pick an item in the 3D graphic view. Creates a ring wall with a specified radius between two picked tangent lines. Creates a ring wall which forms the tangents to three straight lines. Creates a ring wall with a specified radius which touches another ring wall at one point. Creates a ring wall with a specified radius which passes through two picked points which curves towards a picked direction. Creates a ring wall which intersects a ring wall that already exists. Creates a Ring wall which touches two other ring walls tangentially. Creates a Ring wall from three defined points. Creates a ring wall on the working plane irrespective of the distance above the working plane the wall parameters are defined. Creates a ring wall with a fixed diameter around a single point. Creates a ring wall with a fixed diameter around a single point. The wall is created on the working plane irrespective of the distance the single point is above the working plane. Creates a ring wall to a predetermined radius. Creates a ring wall to a predetermined radius. The wall is created on the working plane irrespective of the distance the predetermined radius points are above the working plane. Creates a ring wall with a fixed radius. Creates a ring wall with a fixed radius. The wall is created on the working plane irrespective of the distance the fixed radius points are above the working plane.
Derived from a picked item Fillet Tangential to 3 lines Fixed radius, tangential to a circle Fixed radius, passing through 2 points Tangential to a circle Tangential to 2 circles Derived diameter Derived diameter on working plane Fixed diameter Fixed diameter on working plane Derived radius Derived radius on the working plane Fixed radius Fixed radius on the working plane
If required the user can create a ring wall explicitly. To do this, from the Creation Methods pane of the Ring Wall window, select Define Explicitly. A Confirm window is displayed: Click OK to replace the Define Ring Section, the Create Section (Ring) window is displayed.
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The user must set the radius of the new section ring, by default the radius is 1000.00mm. From the Settings pane of the Create Section (Ring) window, input the required radius for the wall in the Radius field. From the Angles pane of the Create Section (Ring) window, set the Angles for the start and finish positions of the segment of wall (between 0 and 360). By default, the start angle is 0 and the end angle is 180. Then click Anti-clockwise or Clockwise. From the Position and Orientation panes of the Create Section (Ring) window: Select the position the wall is to originate from and where it is located. Select the orientation of the wall to the working plane. Click Apply to create the ring wall, the wall is displayed in the 3D graphical view and in the design explorer. Or click Dismiss to discard information and close the Create Section (Ring) window. To flip the ring wall 90 degrees, click Flip Sense.
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9.3.2
The user can now create a set of panel vertices in a number of ways, specific the other attributes necessary to relate these vertices to a 3D panel representation. Floors, Screeds and User Defined Walls (GWALL) are soft types of Panel, and are created from the same window. In the latter case, the thickness of the panel is equivalent to the height of the user-defined wall. For more information, on the functionality of this window refer to Create Simple Panels.
9.4
Create a Floor
Floors are soft types of Panel, and are created from the same window as User Defined Walls and Screeds. To create a new floor, make sure a suitable default floor specification has been selected, a default storage area for the floors at the current building level and the CE is identified as a compound floor (CFLOOR). From the main menu bar select Create > Floor. The Create Floor window is displayed. The functionality available for selection from Create Floor window is identical to the functionality available from the Create Simple Panels. For more information, on the functionality of this window refer to Create Simple Panels. Once the floor element has been created, the Design Explorer now includes one FLOOR, one PLOO and four PAVE elements (as defined in How Panels are Represented).
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9.5
Create a Screed
Screeds are soft types of Panel, and are created from the same window as Floors and User Defined Walls. To create a new screed make sure a suitable default floor specification has been selected and the a default storage area for the screeds at the current building level. Identify the required compound floor (CFLOOR) or compound screed (CSCREED) as the CE. From the main menu bar select Create > Screed. The Create Screed window is displayed. The functionality available for selection from Create Screed window is identical to the functionality available from the Create Simple Panels. For more information, on the functionality of this window refer to Create Simple Panels. Once the screed element has been created, the Design Explorer now includes one SCREED, one PLOO and four PAVE elements (as defined in How Panels are Represented).
9.6
The user first identifies the floor screed or negative extrusion that already exists, from which its boundary is to be changed: From the Boundary Tracing window, select CE, or select Pick. The user is prompted to Pick Element for Boundary Tracing: The name of the selected element is displayed in the Boundary Tracing window. From the Trace pane of the Boundary Trace window, select the type of element to be created - Walls, Floor or Screed.
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In the Offsets pane of the Boundary Tracing window, the user must now input the required position of the new element: Boundary positions the edges of the new element relative to the edges of the traced element. A positive boundary offset positions the new edges outside the traced boundary, a negative boundary offset positions the new edges inside the traced boundary. Elevation positions the vertical position of the new element. Mitre Walls checkbox is only available when the element to be traced is a wall element, the functionality allows the user to determine if junctions between the walls are to be mitred. Click Apply to trace the boundary. A confirmation box appears. Click Yes to retain the boundary.
Click No to abandon the trace. Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Boundary Tracing window.
9.7
Split a Wall
It may be necessary during the design process to split a straight wall that already exists into shorter lengths where it intersects with another element. To do this, from the main menu bar select Modify > Wall > Split to open the Split Walls window. The window must be populated before any elements can be picked in the 3D graphical view.
The only method to select Elements to be split on and Elements to be split in the 3D graphical view is Pick using cursor.
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From the Connections at split pane of the Split Walls window, the user can specify how the ends of the new shorter length walls are to be connected at the split points: None Nodes Trimmed SNODs are not created at the split points and the wall ends are not trimmed back. Wall ends are connected to SNODs, but are not trimmed back. Wall ends are connected to SNODs and are trimmed back to the geometry of attached items at the point of connection. If a wall to be spilt is not perpendicular to a wall or section defining a split point, the cut planes are orientated automatically in the correct directions for the joints. By default, the Confirm before splitting checkbox is selected, this means a Confirm window is automatically displayed before each split occurs. Click Apply, the user is prompted to Identify item to be split on:. Pick these items in the 3D graphical view which determine the split points. When the items have been picked, press Esc. The user is then prompted to Identify wall to be split:. Pick the walls to be spilt in the 3D graphical view. When these items have been picked, press Esc. When the wall has been identified click Esc. If the Confirm Before Splitting box is selected a Confirm window is displayed.
An aid graphic is shown at the position of the split in the 3D graphical view. .
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Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Split Walls window.
9.8
To Splice Walls
The Splice method allows walls to be divided into smaller lengths and, optionally, connected End to End. Note: The Primary Node On/Off setting on the main toolbar must be switched Off. If switched On, Primary Nodes are created instead. From the main menu bar select Modify > Walls > Splice to display the Splice Wall on Plane window. From this window, the user must specify the plane to create the splice.
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9:13
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The splice can be applied to the CE, the current list or elements picked from the 3D graphical view by the selection of CE, List or Pick from the options listed on the top left of the window. If the List or Pick option is selected, all of the elements selected are spliced at their intersection with the plane. To specify the size of the plane enter a value in the Plane size text box. Position the plane with the Cursor or Intersection options from the window or by entering co-ordinates in the appropriate text boxes. If the Confirm before splicing checkbox is selected a confirmation message appears. If the splice utility is applied to a list or pick selection this can be useful.
Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Splice Wall on Plane window.
9.9
To Merge Walls
If required, the user can merge individual colinear walls into the CE to form a single design element. From the main menu bar in the select Modify > Walls > Merge to display the Merge Walls window.
Make the first wall to be picked the CE, this is the dominant wall, that is the wall that all other picked walls are merged into and whose attributes the merged walls inherit. Click CE in the Merge Walls window. Select the Merge from location from the drop-down menu. Click Apply and the prompt Identify walls to be included in merge is displayed in the bottom left hand corner of the screen. If Esc is pressed before at least one wall to merge has been picked, an error message is displayed.
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9:14
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If Esc is pressed before the key wall is picked an error message is displayed.
When all the walls have been identified click Esc. The confirmation message is displayed.
Click OK to merge the walls. The merged walls have the database Reference No. of the wall picked first (the dominant wall). Click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Merge Walls window.
9.10
To Mitre Walls
If required the user can mitre the ends of two straight walls which meet at a common connection point. From the main menu bar in the select Modify > Walls > Mitre Ends, the user is prompted to Pick ends of wall to be mitred.
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The user pick the two walls to be mitred, once both walls are picked, the walls are mitred automatically.
9.11
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The user must select the required screed element, from the Screed Slope window main menu bar, click Select: CE Pick Identified the element selected in the design explorer as the CE. Prompts the user to pick a screed in the 3D graphical view.
The user must now select the slope contour, angle and direction for the Screed Slope element, from the Settings pane of the window select: To define the slope contour, from the Type drop-down list, select Straight or Conical. The angle of the slope normal to the screed plane must now be defined, enter the slope angle in degrees into the Slope field. The direction along which the slope angle is measured from the screed plane, is automatically displayed in the Direction field. To make sure that the angle is calculated so that the slope passes through the defined point. To do this, select the Lock checkbox. To position a point through which the surface that slopes is to pass, from the main menu bar of the Screed Slope window, select Position: Origin Through Refers to the lowest or highest point on the surface. The slope and direction may be changed so that the slope passes through the defined point.
When an area has been subdivided into individual screeds to achieve a multi-faceted surface, if required, the user can align the slope with one or two abutting screed slopes. Click Apply and the outline of the new screed layout is displayed in the 3D graphical view.
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Click Apply and the outline of the new screed layout is shown.
Click Dismiss to confirm the new screed slope and close the Screed Slope window.
9.12
Split a Floor/Screed
A floor can only be split along the axis of an element that already exists. To introduce a split line anywhere else, create a section where the split is to occur, split the floor, then delete the section. From the main menu bar select Modify > Floor/Screed > Split, the user is prompted to Identify PANE SCREED FLOOR GWALL to be split. From the 3D graphical view, pick the floor/screed to be split. The user is then prompted to Pick STN STWALL PANE SCREED FLOOR GWALL to be split on. Pick the structure the floor/screed to be split on in the 3D graphical view. Once the selections have been made the floor/screed is split.
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9.13
Aid lines are also displayed in the 3D graphical view to show the origin for the fitting.
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9:19
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All the tasks that a user would carry out that are associated with the creation or modification of wall fittings are initiated from a central Fittings window which acts as task hub. Dependant on selections made in the Fittings window the user is presented with further windows which prompt user input. By default the Create Standard option (single fitting) is selected. From the Specification Data pane of the Wall Fittings window, by default Electrical Fittings is selected. If another type of wall fitting is required, select from the list of available options.
Specification Data The Current Selection pane of the Wall Fittings window, by default is empty. Dependant upon the selection of the specification made, the user is presented with a list of fittings available for selection from the catalogue. No Selection If required, the user can create a fitting without a specification (to be used when the user wants to create an arbitrary fitting for positioning purposes or where a compound fitting needs to be created which has its own specific sub-fittings). To do this, select the No Selection checkbox. Default When the Default checkbox is selected, only the fittings from the default specification are available for selection. Auto When the Auto checkbox is selected, the fitting is automatically selected, where only one fitting is available for selection.
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If both the Default and Auto checkboxes are selected, the default fitting is automatically selected. Once the Specification Data has been defined by the user, the required fitting can be selected from the Wall Fitting window. The Owning Type pane of the Wall Fittings window is automatically populated with the types available for selection under the specification. Click the required type and it is displayed in the Current Selection window. The Owning Type window automatically changes to the Type window which displays a list of fittings. Click to select one of the items. The selected item is displayed in the Current Selection window and a sub-section item is displayed in the Type window. Click the next selection in the Type window and the selected sub-section item appears in the Current Selection window. When the selection process is complete the Type window changes to Selection Complete.
Properties To modify the properties of the fitting, click Properties, the Modify Properties window is displayed, the name of the CE automatically displayed. The functionality available for modification depends on the type of wall fitting selected: Electrical Fittings: The user can modify the Pline offset, which uses the Pline of a wall to calculate the offset between two design elements that already exist.
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Click Default to return to the default setting. Click Reset to return to a previous setting. Click OK to accept the modified properties. Click Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Modify Properties window. Fire Protection: The user cannot modify any properties. Standard Windows: The user can modify the Insert from the Modify Properties window, the Inset from the wall face can be set manually or select Measure Inset from the wall face to pick the inset in the 3D graphical view.
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Click Default to return to the default setting. Click Reset to return to a previous setting. Click OK to accept the modified properties. Click Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Modify Properties window. Standard Door: The user can modify the inset from the wall face, from the Standard Door Modify Properties window. The Inset from the wall face can be set manually or picked in the 3D graphical view, to do this select Measure Inset from the wall face.
The Open Angle refers to the angle the door is open in the representation of the door in the graphical view. Click Default to return to the default setting. Click Reset to return to a previous setting. Click OK to accept the modified properties. Click Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Modify Properties window. Example Openings: The user can modify the dimensions for the opening. From the Example Opening Modify Properties window for General Rectangular Hole for Walls the X dimension, Y dimension, X offset dimension and Y offset dimension can be set manually or picked in the 3D graphical view. Select the appropriate option.
From the Modify Properties window for General Circular Hole for Walls only the diameter can be entered or measured. Click Default to go back the default setting. Click Reset to return to a previous setting. Click OK to accept the modified properties.
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
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Plotfile To view a pictorial representation of the wall fitting, from the Wall Fittings window, select Plotfile, the Plotfile window is displayed. The plotfile functionality depends on the type of wall fitting selected:
Electrical Fittings Fire Protection Standard Window Standard Door Example Openings Reload Positioning
Plotfile functionality is available. Plotfile functionality is not available. Plotfile functionality is not available. Plotfile functionality is not available. Plotfile functionality is not available. Returns to the default window.
From the Positioning pane of the Wall Fittings window, the user must specify the distance offset from the outside or inside of the wall. The location of the fitting in the wall is set by the input of the Distance along the wall and the Elevation. These two dimensions are measured from the origin of the owning wall indicated by the aid line in the graphic display.
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
9:24
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To position the fitting directly on the wall, click Position fitting to display the Positioning Control toolbar. The user is prompted to Position Fitting (Snap) Snap. Sub-Fitting Orientation Note: The sub-fitting orientation functionality is only available when the CE is a sub-fitting. The Sub-Fitting Orientation pane of the Wall Fittings windows allows the user to orientate a sub-compound fitting relative to its owning compound fitting. Enter the direction of the Z axis of the fitting in the Sub-Fitting Direction (Z) field. Enter the rotation of the fitting about its Z axis in the Rotation Angle (Z axis) filed. To create and insert the fitting, click Apply to insert the wall fitting. Or click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Wall Fittings window.
9.13.1
Compound Fitting
A Compound Wall Fitting (CMFI) can own a number of sub-compound fittings. Components owned by the compound fitting can be modified as a group. For example, if a power switch is created as a compound fitting, sockets can be created as sub-compound fittings owned by the switch. If the switch position is changed the sockets moves with it. Select the wall where the fittings are to be positioned as the CE in the design explorer or the 3D graphical view. From the main menu toolbar select Create > Wall Fitting > Compound to display the Wall Fittings window. By default, Create Compound is selected.
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9:25
12 Series
The procedure to create the compound fitting is the same as for the standard fitting, refer to Create Wall Fittings.
9.13.2
Sub-Compound Fitting
Select the Compound Fitting in the design explorer or 3D graphical view as the CE. From the main menu toolbar select Create > Wall Fitting > Sub-Compound to display the Wall Fittings window. By default, the Create Sub-Compound is selected. The procedure to create the sub-compound fitting is the same as for the standard fitting, refer to Create Wall Fittings.
9.14
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9:26
12 Series
Aid lines are displayed on the 3D graphical view to show the origin for the fitting.
The functionality available from the Floor Fittings window is identically to that available from Wall Fittings (for more information on Wall Fittings, refer to Create Wall Fittings) with these exception: Reference Datum.
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9:27
12 Series
Reference Datum The reference datum allows the user to specify the positioning of the fitting within the thickness of the floor/screed and the direction of fitting with respect to the floor/screed.
From the Positioning pane of the Floor Fittings window, select the reference datum from the available list. The location of the fitting on the floor is set by the input of the X Position and Y position. These two dimensions are measured from the origin of the owning wall indicated by the aid line in the graphic display. Select Position fitting to display the Positioning Control toolbar, the user is prompted to Position Floor Fitting (Snap) Snap to position the fitting directly on the floor. Click Apply to insert the floor fitting or click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Floor Fittings window.
9.14.1
Compound Fitting
A Compound Floor Fitting (CMPFI) can own a number of sub-compound fittings. Components owned by the compound fitting can be modified as a group. For example, if a table is created as a compound fitting, chairs can be created as sub-compound fittings owned by the table. If the table position is changed the chairs move with it. In the design explorer or in the 3D graphical view, select the wall where the fittings are to be positioned as the CE. From the main menu toolbar select Create > Floor Fitting > Compound to display the Floor Fittings window. By default, Create Compound is selected.
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9:28
12 Series
The functionality available is identical to Floor Fittings, for more information refer to Create Floor Fittings.
9.14.2
Sub-Compound Fitting
In the design explorer or in the 3D graphical view, select the Compound Fitting as the CE. From the main menu toolbar select Create > Floor Fitting > Sub-Compound to display the Floor Fittings window. By default Create Sub-Compound is selected. The functionality available is identical to Floor Fittings, for more information refer to Create Floor Fittings.
9.15
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9:29
12 Series
The Start position is indicated in the 3D graphical view. The Position options allows the user to specify the point on the element to which the position co-ordinates apply. The user can specify Start, End or Centre. Dependant on the option specified the application of modified co-ordinates has this effect on the CE: Start End Centre Relocates the start position of the element to the specified coordinates, and leaves its end position unchanged. Relocates the end position of the element to the specified coordinates, and leaves its start position unchanged. Relocates the entire element, locates its centre at the specified co-ordinates and modifies the start and end positions.
To define a position by reference to design items that already exist, use the Positioning Control toolbar and the cursor to identify the required position by picking it in the 3D graphical view. The Settings option allows the user to change the length and direction of the wall. The End Direction option allows the user to change the end direction to Perpendicular or maintain the original direction. Click OK to make the changes or click Cancel to discard any inputs and close the Modify STWALL window.
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9:30
12 Series
9.16
By default the Start and End positions and the orientation of the current element are displayed in the Modify Wall (Ring) window. Click Select to choose between CE or a picked curved section. The Settings options allows the user to change the radius of the ring wall. The Angles option allows the user to change the point on the circle of the ring wall where the Start and End are located. In the Position and Orientation window, click the Position drop-down menu to select the Origin, Radius or Start and End Angles to change. If required, use the Lock checkboxes to fix the current co-ordinate along any axis. The Orientation option allows the user to change orientation of the wall. The settings are mirrored by the axes shown in the graphical display. Only the Y and Z axes can be changed.
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9:31
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Click Apply to make the changes or click Dismiss to discard any inputs and close the Modify Wall (Ring) window.
9.17
To change the justification select the required Pline justification from the drop-down menu. Refer to Wall and Floor Specification for the wall pline locations. To select the justification manually from the graphical display click Justification, the user is prompted to Identify Pline to justify to., select the pline using the cursor. To maintain attachment to an attached wall select the Re-trim attached wall checkbox. Click Apply to make the changes or click Dismiss to discard any inputs and close the Wall Justification window. The modification procedure for the wall Member Line and Joint Line is the same.
9.18
9.18.1
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9:32
12 Series
From the main menu of the Loop Vertex Editor, the user can select these options: Control > CE When the window is displayed, the CE name is displayed beneath the window menu. Navigating to another floor/ screed and selecting this option makes the new CE the floor/screed being edited by the window. Closes the window. When Confirm is selected the user must click Modify at the bottom of the window to implement each modification. When Confirm is not selected each modification is implemented immediately. When Confirm is selected the user must confirm each deletion in order to complete the command. When Confirm is not selected deletions are implemented immediately. When Tag Edges is selected each edge is tagged with the number of the vertex at its start. When Display Axes is selected the axes of the floor/screed are displayed at the first vertex.
Settings > Confirm on delete Settings > Tag Edges Settings > Display Axes
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9:33
12 Series
When Free rotate is selected groups of vertices can be orientated automatically when moved from one edge to another. Vertices, in situations where two or more vertices have the same position, are deleted by this option.
Remove
The options in the Mode Selection pane of the Loop Vertex Editor window allow the modification of a single vertex, an edge or a group of vertices: Select all Select group to modify Select edge to modify Select point to modify Create points Allows the selection of all vertices in the loop so they can be modified as a group. Allows the selection of a number of individual vertices so that they can be modified as a group. Allows the selection of an edge to be modified. The adjacent Edge area shows the current edge number. Allows the selection of a vertex to be modified. The adjacent Vertex area shows the current vertex number. Allows the creation of a new vertex which is allocated the next number in the sequence after the current vertex.
The Vertex/Edge pane of the Loop Vertex Editor window, contains a Select option and a counter that shows the current vertex or edge depending on the current mode. If Select edge to modify is selected, the counter label changes to Edge and the counter shows the current edge. The Select vertex/edge option allows the user to pick a vertex in the graphical display. The adjacent Vertex/Edge counter shows the current vertex/edge number which is also tagged in the 3D graphical view. The user can navigate to a specific vertex or edge by typing its number in the text box or by using the up/down arrows to step through the list.
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9:34
12 Series
When a group of vertices are modified, the options in the Group pane of the Loop Vertex Editor window become active. These allow the modification of the current group: Reverse group definition Move start forwards Move start backwards Reverses the group definition by renumbering all the group vertices in the opposite direction (clockwise or anticlockwise). Moves the open-side of the group and the origin for the vertex numbering one place forward. Moves the open-side of the group and the origin for the vertex numbering one place backwards.
The Expand/Contract area expands or contracts a group as specified. The Expand Group moves each edge of the group outwards by the distance specified in the Expand/Contract text box normal to its own direction. The Contract Group moves each edge of the group inwards by the distance specified in the Expand/Contract text box normal to its own direction. If an edge is modified, the functionality in the Line area become active. These options allow the modification of the current edge in these ways: Extend start of line Moves the Start vertex along the edge direction to align it through a picked position. Use the Positioning Control toolbar options to pick the required position. Alternatively, if a line is selected the End vertex is moved along the edge direction until it intersects the picked line. These operations can change the edge length. Moves the End vertex along the edge direction to align it through a picked position. Use the Positioning Control toolbar options to pick the required position. Alternatively, if a line is selected the Start vertex is moved along the edge direction until it intersects the picked line. These operations can change the edge length. Moves the free vertex around the reference vertex to align the edge with a picked line. The operation maintains the edge length.
The options in the Rotate pane of the Loop Vertex Editor window allows the rotation of groups of vertices in these ways: Rotate anticlockwise rotates the edge anticlockwise, through the rotation angle specified in the Angle textbox, about the reference end. The operation maintains the edge length. Rotate clockwise rotates the edge clockwise, through the rotation angle specified in the Angle textbox, about the reference end. The operation maintains the edge length. The options in the Modify pane of the Loop Vertex Editor window enables the user to carry out these operations on the current group selection: Insert selected Moves a vertex group by inserting it at a different position in the loop sequence. Use the vertex selector to navigate to the required point in the sequence. The group is inserted after the current vertex. Moves the current vertex, edge or group such that the new positions are derived by reflecting the original positions about a picked line (an edge, pline and so on).
Mirror
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9:35
12 Series
Deletes a group, edge or vertex from the loop definition. Manipulates a fillet arc at the current loop vertex. When selected the Modified Arc window is displayed and the Loop Vertex Editor window becomes temporarily inactive.
The pane of the Loop Vertex Editor window displays co-ordinate data about the current vertex, edge or group depending on the Selection Mode. For a vertex the X and Y co-ordinates are displayed with respect to the floor/screed origin. For an edge the co-ordinates are given for the start or end of the edge. An aid is displayed in the graphical view showing which is the start and which is the end. By default the START edge is shown in uppercase and the end is shown in lowercase. Only the START is affected by any modifications made to the currently displayed co-ordinates. Select End to display the END of the edge in uppercase and the start in lowercase. Modifications made to the currently displayed co-ordinates only affect the END. Modifying the length in both these cases moves the start or end accordingly. The Aligned option displays both the START and END of the edge in uppercase.
9.19
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9:36
12 Series
Select Bottom, Centre or Top from the justification list. Click Apply to modify the panel justification or click Dismiss to discard any information and close the Set Justification window. The in/out checkbox enables the user to set the direction relative to the plane used to justify the panel as shown in the diagram. .
9.20
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9:37
12 Series
By default, Modify CE is shown in the drop-down menu and the CE is described. The functionality available from the window is identical to Wall Fittings window which is used in the creation of a wall fitting. For more information, refer to Create Wall Fittings.
9.21
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9:38
12 Series
By default, Modify CE is shown in the drop-down menu and the CE is described. The functionality available from the window is identical to Floor Fittings window which is used in the creation of a floor fitting. For more information, refer to Create Floor Fittings.
9.22
9.22.1
Positioning
Walls and floors that have position attributes can be repositioned in a variety of ways.
Explicitly (AT)
The functionality available is identical to those available from positioning elements. For more information, refer to To Position Elements.
9.22.2
Relatively (BY)
The functionality available is identical to those available from positioning elements. For more information, refer to To Position Elements.
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9:39
12 Series
9.22.3
The functionality available from the Extend Wall - Relative window is identical to the Extend Through window. For more information, refer to Extend Through.
9.22.4
Extend Wall - By
Extend By allows the user to lengthen or shorten the wall by moving its Start or End position through a specified amount. From the main menu toolbar select Position > Extend > By displays the Extend Wall - Explicit window.
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
9:40
12 Series
When the window is displayed a label is placed at either end of the section to identify the Start and End locations. The Extend drop-down menu allows the user to select which end of the section is extended, the choices being Start, End or Pick. If the Pick option is selected, the user is prompted to select the end of the wall to be re-positioned then click Apply. The user can move the end of a wall either by Distance or by a Proportion of the walls current length, by selecting the appropriate option and entering the desired amount. Entering a positive value lengthens the wall and entering a negative value shortens it. To maintain the position of any Secondary Node owned by the wall, select the Maintain Sections Node Positions checkbox.
9.23
Orientation
For more information on the orientation of elements refer to Orientation.
9.24
Connect
A connection between two walls is facilitated by a Primary Joint (PJOI) element. The PJOI is owned by a Primary Node (PNOD) element, which is positioned on the Justification line of the Owning section at the intersection between the Attached and Owning sections. If required the user can undo the connect procedure, from the main tool bar click Edit > Undo.
9.24.1
Disconnect
Select Connect > Disconnect from the main menu toolbar. The user is prompted to Identify wall end to be disconnected.. Click the wall element to be disconnected and the word END is shown in the graphic display. The user is prompted to Identify wall end to be disconnected.. Click the other wall to be disconnected and the word END is shown in the 3D graphic display. Press Esc to disconnect the walls.
9.24.2
Wall to Wall
Select Connect > Wall to Wall from the main menu toolbar. The user is prompted to Identify wall end to be connected to.. Click the wall to be connected. The user is prompted to Identify wall end to be connected.. Click the other wall to be connected and
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
9:41
12 Series
the word END is shown in the graphic display. Press Esc to connect the walls. If required the user can undo the disconnect procedure, from the main tool bar click Edit > Undo.
9.24.3
Wall Ends
Select Connect > Wall Ends from the main menu toolbar.The user is prompted to First wall end:. Click the first wall, the user is prompted to Second wall end:. Press Esc to connect the wall ends.
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9:42
12 Series
10
As these are common to all design disciplines, refer to Design Common Functionality User Guide.
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10:1
12 Series
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10:2
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11
11.1
A range of catalogue components with similar overall geometry all reference the same geometry set and point set, so that the amount of data needed to represent all possible items is kept to a minimum. The dimensions of the items are not fixed in the catalogue but are expressed in terms of design parameters. Values are allocated to these parameterised dimensions when the item is used in a specific part of the design model: they may either be set explicitly or derived from associated dimensions of other design components to which the item is to be connected.
11.2
P-line Identification
Each p-line is identified by a two, three or four letter code (known as its PKEY) which identifies its relative position in the 2D profile (remember that each p-line is extruded in the design model to represent a line running along the length of a section). The most commonly
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11:1
12 Series
referenced PKEYs use the following naming conventions (each profile uses only a subset of these): BBH BBHL BBHR BLW BLWT BOC BOS BRW BRWT FOC HBA HOA IOC LBOA LBOC LBOS LBTS LTBA LTBS LTOC LTOS LTTA NA NAB NAL NALO NAR NARO NAT RBOA Bottom bolt hole Bottom bolt hole, left Bottom bolt hole, right Bottom left of web Bottom left web top Bottom of channel Bottom of steel Bottom right of web Bottom right web, top Face of channel Hole, bottom of angle Hole, outside of angle Inside of channel Left bottom of angle Left bottom of channel Left bottom of steel Left bottom top of steel Left top bottom of angle Left top bottom of steel Left top of channel Left top of steel Left top of angle Neutral axis Neutral axis bottom Neutral axis left Neutral axis left outside Neutral axis right Neutral axis right outside Neutral angle top Right bottom of angle
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11:2
12 Series
RBOC RBOS RBTS ROA ROC RTBS RTOC RTOS TBH TBHL TBHR TLW TLWB TOAX TOAY TOC TRWB TOS TRW
Right bottom of channel Right bottom of steel Right bottom top of steel Right of angle Right outside of channel Right top bottom of steel Right top of channel Right top of steel Top bolt hole Top bolt hole, left Top bolt hole, right Top left of web Top left web, bottom Top of angle, X orientation Top of angle, Y orientation Top of channel Top right web, bottom Top of steel Top right of web
11.3
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11:3
12 Series
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11:4
12 Series
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11:5
12 Series
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11:6
12 Series
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11:7
12 Series
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11:8
12 Series
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11:9
12 Series
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11:10
12 Series
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11:11
12 Series
11.4
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11:12
12 Series
11.4.1
Column Connections
11.4.2
Cleated Connections
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11:13
12 Series
11.4.3
End Preparations
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11:14
12 Series
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11:15
12 Series
11.4.4
Baseplate Connections
11.4.5
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11:16
12 Series
11.4.6
11.5
11.5.1
Stiffeners
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11:17
12 Series
11.5.2
Fire Insulation
11.5.3
Lifting Lugs
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11:18
12 Series
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11:19
12 Series
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11:20
12 Series
12
Sample Plots
The appendix comprises some examples of typical (though relatively simple) plots the sorts of structural designs which may be created with PDMS and the AVEVA structural applications.
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12:1
12 Series
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12:2
12 Series
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12:3
12 Series
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12:4
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13:1
12 Series
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13:2
12 Series
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14:1
12 Series
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14:2
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Index
B
Basic Structure - Enhance . . . . . . . . . . . 6:1
C
Compound Fitting - Create . . . . . . . . . . . 8:4 Connect - Wall End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:42 Connect - Wall to Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:41 Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:47 Dominant versus Subordinate Joints 6:49
G
Geometry Move part of Structure . . . . . . . . . . 6:19 Geometry Correction - Trim Section Ends 6:1
H
How panels are Represented . . . . . . . . . 7:1
E
Elements Splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:28
I
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:1
F
Fitting Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:54 Modify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:55 Sub-Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:54 Fitting - Compound . . . . . . . . 8:4, 9:25, 9:28 Fitting - Create Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:54 Fitting - Create Sub-Compound . . . . . . . 8:4 Fitting - Sub-Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:26 Fitting Sub-Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:29 Fittings Create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:50 Fittings - Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8:1 Floor - Create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:9 Floor - Modify Justification . . . . . . . . . . 9:36 Floor Fitting - Create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:26 Floor Fitting - Modify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:38
J
Joint Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joints Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joints - Dominant versus Subordinate . Joints - Tidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:18 6:11 6:18 6:47 6:18
M
Material Modify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:57 Measure Distance Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:15 Mitring Sections or GENSECS with Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:36
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Index page 1
12 Series
N
Negative Extrusion Create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:18
R
Regular Structure - Quick Build . . . . . . . 5:1 Ring Wall - Modify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:31
O
Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:44 Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:44 Beta Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:46 Flip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:46 Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:45
S
Screed - Create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:10 Screed - Modify Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:16 Secondary Nodes - Align . . . . . . . . . . . 6:44 Section Fitting Create . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:53 Sections Filleting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:30 Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:29 Splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:28 Sections - Mitring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:33 SEctions - Splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:28 Split Connections at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:26 Straight Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3:3 Structural Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:1 Structural Elements Filleting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:30 Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:29 Mitring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:33 Select to Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:22 Splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:22 Structural Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3:1 Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3:2 Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3:4 Structures Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3:1 Sub-Compound Fitting - Create . . . . . . . 8:5
P
Panel Mitre to Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:17 Modify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:7 Loop Vertex Editor . . . . . . . . . . . 7:7 Modify Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:11 Modify Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:11 Move the Original . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:21 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:2 Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:15 Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:22 Panel - Mitring Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:33 Panel Connection window . . . . . . . . . . . 7:14 Panel Fitting Single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8:1 Panels Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:12 Drag Edge to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:13 Edge to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:12 Edges to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:13 Create Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:4 Disconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:15 Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:15 Orientate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:21 Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:21 Panels and Plates Default Storage Areas Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:3 Start Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:1 Position Panels Level Vertices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:21 Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:37, 9:39 Drag Explicitly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:43 Explicitly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:37 Extend By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:42 Relatively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:39 Positioning - Extend Through . . . . . . . . 6:40 Positioning - Extend Wall By . . . . . . . . . 9:40 Positioning - Extend Wall Through . . . . 9:40
T
Trace Boundary - Create . . . . . . . . . . . 9:10
W
Wall Create fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:19 Wall - Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:41 Wall - Disconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:41 Wall - Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:14 Wall - Mitre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:15 Wall - Modify Justification . . . . . . . . . . . 9:32 Wall - Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:6 Wall - Splice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:13 Wall - Straight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:4 Wall - User Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:9 Wall and Floor Specification . . . . . . . . . . 9:1 Wall Fitting - Modify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:37 Walls and Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:1
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
Index page 2
12 Series
Walls and Floors Application - Start . . . . 9:1 Window - Loop Vertex Editor . . . . . . . . 9:32
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
Index page 3
12 Series
Copyright 1974 to current year. AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
Index page 4
12 Series