Module5/Lesson3

5.3.5 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES

Example 5.1 Show that for a simply supported beam, length 2L, depth 2a and unit width, loaded by a concentrated load W at the centre, the stress function satisfying the loading condition is

b 2 xy 6

cxy the positive direction of y being upwards, and x = 0 at midspan.

Figure 5.11 Simply supported beam

Treat the concentrated load as a shear stress suitably distributed to suit this function, and so
a

that
a

dy

W 2

on each half-length of the beam. Show that the stresses are

3W xy 4 a3

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y

0
3W y2 1 8a a2

xy

Solution: The stress components obtained from the stress function are
2 x

y2
2

bxy
0
2

x2

xy

x y

by 2 2

Boundary conditions are (i) (ii) (iii)

a a
y xy

0 for y 0 for y
a xy

a a

dy

W for x 2 0 for x L

(iv)
a a

dy

(v)
a

ydy

0 for x

Now, Condition (i) This condition is satisfied since Condition (ii)

0
c
Condition (iii)

ba 2 2
ba 2 2

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W 2

b 2 a 2 a

y 2 dy

b 2a 3 2
W 2
or b and c Condition (iv)
a

2a 3 3

2a 3b 3

3W 4a 3 3W 8a
3W xydy 4a 3
a

Condition (v)

M
a a

ydy
3W xy 2 dy 4a 3

Wx 2

Hence stress components are

x

3W xy 4a 3
0

xy

3W y 2 4a 3 2
xy

3W 8 a

3W y2 1 8a a2

Example 5.2

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Given the stress function

z tan

x . Determine whether stress function z

is

admissible. If so determine the stresses. Solution: For the stress function Bihormonic equation is given by
4 4 4

to be admissible, it has to satisfy bihormonic equation.

x4
Now,

x2 z2

z4

(i)
1

H z
2

xz x
H
2

z
1 z

tan
2 xz 2

x z
xz 2 x3 xz 2 x3

x
2

2 2

2H x2 H 8x 3 z x2 x2 2H z2
3

x3 z2
2

z2
3

Also,

z3
4

H 8 x 5 40 x 3 z 2 z2 x2 x2
z2 x2 z2
4 3

z4 z2 x
4

3x 3 z 2 z2

x4
3

H 64 x 3 z 2 24 xz 4 8 x 5 z2
4

z 2 x2
Similarly,

H x
2

2H x2 2H z
2

xz 2 z2 z2 z2 z2
4 3 2

x2
3

3x 2 x2 x2

x3
4

H 24 xz 4 24 x 3 z 2

x4

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Module5/Lesson3

Substituting the above values in (i), we get

4 x
2

1 z
2 4

24 xz 4

24 x 3 z 2

64 x 3 z 2

24 xz 4 8 x 5

8x5

40 x 3 z 2

Hence, the given stress function is admissible. Therefore, the stresses are
2 x

24 x2 24 x2 24

x3 z2 x2 z2 x2 z x2 z2
2 2 2

z2
2

x2
2

and

xy

x z

Example 5.3 Given the stress function:

F xz 2 3d 3 d

2z .

Determine the stress components and sketch their variations in a region included in z = 0, z = d, x = 0, on the side x positive. Solution: The given stress function may be written as

3F xz 2 2 d 2 6Fx 2 z d2
2

2F xz 3 3 d 12 F xz d3

and also

x2
2

x z
x

Hence

6Fz d2 6 Fx d2
0
2

6F 2 z d3 12 F xz d3 6 Fz d2 6F 2 z d3

(i) (ii)

xz

x z

(iii)

VARIATION OF STRESSES AT CERTAIN BOUNDARY POINTS (a) Variation of x

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From (i), it is clear that with z. At x = 0 and z = d, At x = L and z = 0, At x = L and z = +d, At x = L and z = -d, The variation of
x
x x

varies linearly with x, and at a given section it varies linearly =0

6 FL d2 6 FL d2 6 FL d2

12 F Ld d3 12 F Ld d3

6 FL d2 18 FL d2

is shown in the figure below

Figure 5.12 Variation of

(b)
z

Variation of z is zero for all values of x.

(c) Variation of xz We have

xz =

6 Fz d2

6F 2 .z d3
xz

From the above expression, it is clear that the variation of

is parabolic with z. However,

xz is independent of x and is thus constant along the length, corresponding to a given value of z. At z = 0, xz = 0

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At z = +d, At z = -d,

xz

xz

6 Fd d2 6F d d2
xz

6F 2 d 0 d3 6F ( d2) d3

12 F d

The variation of

is shown in figure below.

Figure 5.13 Variation of

xz

Example 5.4 Investigate what problem of plane stress is satisfied by the stress function

3F xy 3 xy 4d 3d 2

p 2 y 2

applied to the region included in y = 0, y = d, x = 0 on the side x positive. Solution: The given stress function may be written as

3F xy 4d
2

1 Fxy 3 4 d3

p 2 y 2

x2

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Module5/Lesson3
2

3 2 Fxy . 4 d3
2

2p 2

1.5

F xy d3

and

x y
2

3F 4d

3 Fy 2 4 d3

Hence the stress components are

x

y
2

p 1.5
0
2

F xy d3

x2

xy

x y

3 Fy 2 4 d3
F xy d3

3F 4d

(a) Variation of x
x

1.5

When x = 0 and y = 0 or When x = L and y = 0, When x = L and y = +d, When x = L and y = -d,
x

d,
p
x

p (i.e., constant across the section)

1.5

FL d2 FL P 1. 5 2 d p
x

Thus, at x = L, the variation of The variation of

x

is linear with y.

is shown in the figure below.

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Figure 5.14 Variation of stress

(b) Variation of z
2 y

x2

is zero for all value of x and y

(c) Variation of xy
xy

3 Fy 2 4 d3
xy

3F 4d

Thus,

varies parabolically with z. However, it is independent of x, i.e., it's value is the

same for all values of x. At y At y

0,
d,

xy

xy

3F 4d 3 F (d ) 2 3 4d

3F 4d

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3F 4d o X

d d L
Y
Figure 5.15 Variation of shear stress xy

3F 4d
xy

The stress function therefore solves the problem of a cantilever beam subjected to point load F at its free end along with an axial stress of p. Example 5.5 Show that the following stress function satisfies the boundary condition in a beam of rectangular cross-section of width 2h and depth d under a total shear force W.

W xy 2 (3d 3 2hd
2

2 y)

Solution: Now,
2

y2 W 6 xyd 2hd 3

6 xy 2

W 6 xd 12 xy 2hd 3 W 3xd 6 xy hd 3
2

x2
2 xy

and

x y

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W 6 yd 6 y 2 3 2hd W 3 yd 3 y 2 = hd 3
= Also,
4 4 4

x4

y4

2 4 x2 y2

Boundary conditions are (a) (b)

d
y xy

0 for y 0 for y
xy

0 and d 0 and d

(c)
0

.2h.dy W for x
d

0 and L 0 and x L L, M WL

(d) M
0 d

.2h.dy

0 for x

(e)
0

.2h. y.dy

0 for x

0 and x

Now, Condition (a) This condition is satisfied since Condition (b)

y

W 3d 2 3 hd

3d 2

Hence satisfied. Condition (c)

d

W 3 yd hd 3
d

3 y 2 2hdy

2W 3 yd d3

3 y 2 dy
d

2W 3 y 2 d 2 d3

3 0

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2W 3d 3 2 d3
2W d 3 . d3 2 =W

d3

Hence satisfied. Condition (d)

d

W 3xd hd 3

6 xy 2hdy
d 0

2W 3xyd 3xy 2 3 d

=0
Hence satisfied. Condition (e)
d 0

W 3xd hd 3
2W 3 xdy 2 2 d3

6 xy 2h. ydy
d

2 xy

3 0

2W 3xd 3 2 d3

2 xd 3

2W d3
Wx

1 3 xd 2

Hence satisfied

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Applied Elasticity for Engineers T.G.Sitharam & L.GovindaRaju