FINE

TM
/Marinenote
NoteontheBodyForcePropellerimplementation
Theory
InFINE
TM
/Marine,themomentumequationsincludeabodyforcetermf
b
,usedtomodeltheeffects
ofapropellerwithoutmodelingtherealpropeller.Therearenumerousapproachesforcalculatingf
b
including simple prescribeddistributions,whichrecoverthetotalthrust T andtorque Q,tomore
sophisticatedmethodswhichuseapropellerperformancecodeinaninteractivewaywiththeRANS
solvertocapturepropellerhullinteractionandtodistributef
b
accordingtotheactualbladeloading.
Forthelatter,specialinterfaceshouldbedevelopedtoextracteffectivewakefromRANSsolution
andtoproducef
b
calculatedbyapropellerperformancecode.FINE
TM
/Marinedoes,however,include
aprescribedbodyforcewithaxialandtangentialcomponents.Theradialdistributionofforces,with
componentsf
bx
(axial),f
br
(radial)=0andf
b0
(tangential),isbasedonnoniterativecalculationofStern
etal.
(1)
,theHoughandOrdway
(2)
circulationdistributionwithoptimumtypefromGoldstein
(3)
,and
withoutanyloadingattherootandtip:
f
bx
=A
x
r

.1r

, f
b0
=A
0
r

.1r

(1r
h
'
)+r
h
'
Theyrepresentbodyforcesperunitvolumenormalizedby jU/ L whereUisthereference
velocity,Lisareferencelength,andjthefluiddensity.Coefficientsareexpressedas:
r

=
r
'
r
h
'
1r
h
'
, r
h
'
=R
H
/ R
P
, r
'
=r / R
P
r =
.
( yY
PC
)
2
+( zZ
PC
)
2
A
x
=
C
T
A
105
16(4+3r
h
'
)(1r
h
'
)
A
0
=
K
Q
A J
2
105
n(4+3r
h
'
)(1r
h
'
)
J=
2nU
DD
P
=
U
nD
P
, D
P
=2R
P
, n=D/ 2n
C
T
=
2T
jU
2
nR
P
2
, K
T
=
T
jn
2
D
P
4
, K
Q
=
Q
jn
2
D
P
5
andwhereC
T
andK
Q
arethethrustandtorquecoefficients,Jistheadvancecoefficient,nisthe
numberofrotationspersecond(rps),Distherotationspeed,R
P
isthepropellerradius,R
H
isthehub
radius,Aisthemeanchordlengthprojectedintothexzplane(oractuatordiskthickness),andY
PC
andZ
PC
definethepropellercentercoordinates.Asderived,theseforcesaredefinedoveran"actuator
cylinder"withvolumedefinedbyR
P
,R
H
,andA.
1
FINE
TM
/Marinenote
IntegrationofthebodyforcesoverthisanalyticalvolumeexactlyrecoverstheprescribedthrustTand
torqueQ:
T=j L
2
U
2

A
f
bx
dA
Q=j L
3
U
2

A
r f
b0
dA
dA=2nr Adr
Practice
InFINE
TM
/Marine,userdoesnotexplicitlyneedtospecifyC
T
,K
Q
andJ,butprescribesthethrustT
andthetorqueQ.A
x
andA
0
coefficientsarethencomputedusingtheaboverelations.
Asanexample,afictitiouspropellerregionismaterializedbelowwherebodyforcemethodmustbe
activated:
IfthepropellertorqueQisnotknown,itishoweverpossibletoestimateitsmagnitudefromopen
watertestofthepropeller,ifavailable.Suchopenwatertestusuallyprovidestheperformancecurve
asillustratedforthepropelleroftheKRISOContainerShip(KCS)fromthetestcase2oftheTokyo
Workshop2005:
2
FINE
TM
/Marinenote
Foraprescribedthrustand/oranadvanceratioparameterknowingtheadvancespeedUandratioJ
fromthepropellerrotationspeed(norD),K
Q
isobtainedformtheperformancecurveandthe
propellertorqueQcanbededucedfromthepropellerthrustTas:
Q=T D
P
K
Q
K
T
Asanexample,forthiscase,thepropellerconditionwasD
P
=0.25mandJ=0.732.Fromthe
performancecurve,wehaveK
T
=0.170andK
Q
=0.029sothepreviousrelationwritesQ~1.47T.
References
(1) Stern,F.,Kim,H.T.,Patel,V.C.,andChen,H.C.,"AViscousFlowApproachtothe
ComputationofPropellerHullInteraction,"JournalofShipResearch,Vol.32,No.4,
December1988,pp.246262.
(2) Hough,G.andOrdway,D.,TheGeneralizedActuatorDisk,TechnicalReportTARTR
6401,ThermAdvancedResearch,Inc.,1964.
(3) Goldstein,S.,"OntheVortexTheoryofScrewPropellers",Proc.oftheRoyalSociety(A)
123,440,1929.
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