Name:

Universidad de Playa Ancha Programa de Magster en Lingstica / Seccin Ingls Test 1 / Prof. Luis Vera V. (MTESOL) 2013

A. State whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F) 1. ___Reading is simply how people process textual information
2. ___ Reading is a crucial skill for students of English as a foreign language 3. ___ Two main approaches explain the nature of reading comprehension: the bottom-up and the topdown approaches 4. ___ The bottom-up processing focuses on the background knowledge of the reader 5. ___ The top-down processing focuses on basic skill of matching sounds with letters, syllables, and words written 6. ___ The traditional top-down approach to reading was influenced by behaviorist psychology 7. ___ Behaviorist psychology claimed that learning was based on habit formation 8. ___ According to Omaggio, language learning was a response system that humans acquired through automatic conditioning processes 9. ___ Behaviorism became the basis of the audiolingual method 10. __ The audiolingual method sought to form second language habits through drilling, repetition, and error correction B. Choose the correct alternative 1. According to the bottom-up view, reading is
a) a linear process by which readers decode a text word by word, linking the words into phrases and then sentences b) a multi-task process that occurs only when there is rote learning c) a process by which a reader understands a text

2. In the bottom-up view,

a) many attempts were made to explain what happens in the mind of the reader when s/he interacts with a written text b) evaluation of text comprehension and fluency were considered c) little attempt was made to explain what happened on the mind when readers make sense of a text

3. In the bottom-up view, language is a code and the reader is a passive decoder who has
a) to identify graphemes and convert them into phonemes b) to use his world knowledge to make sense of the text c) to combine a set of strategies which include tasks based on both the bottom-up and top-down views

4. The audiolingual and the phonics methods require a strong emphasis on

a) background knowledge and cognitive aspects b) repetition and on drills using the sounds that make up words c) visual stimuli that are in some texts

5. The origin of the top-down view is on

a) how psycholinguists explain how internal representations of the FL develop within the learners mind b) behaviorist psychology c) how neurologists explain the formation of brain areas

6. Ausubel distinguishes between

a) rote learning and meaningful learning b) pre-reading and post reading activities c) bottom-up and top-down learning

7. Rote learning implies

a) learning only things that are meaningful and in the appropriate context b) oral practice c) simply memorizing lists of isolated words or rules in a new language

8. Meaningful learning occurs when

a) novelty comes up without any previewing b) the reader becomes able to decode a text and then apply its information in everyday life c) new information is presented in a relevant context and is related to what the learner already knows

C. Match the following statements

1. ___ Ausubel states that 2. ___ The top-down approach 3. ___ Reading is a dialog 4. ___ Reading is an active cognitive process in which 5. ___ Reading is a matter of making sense of written language 6. ___ The top-down approach gives origin to 7. ___ The schemata theory describes in detail 8. ___ The schemata theory states A. rather than decoding print to sound B. the schemata theory C. how the background knowledge of the learner interacts with the reading tasks D. learning which is not meaningful will not become permanent E. the readers background knowledge plays a key role in the creation of meaning F. how a students knowledge and previous experience with the world is crucial to decipher a text. G. between the reader and the text H. stresses an emphasis on meaning

D. Fill in the blanks using one of the words on the list formal schemata / schemes /content schemata / teachers / comprehension 1. Smith calls ______________ the extensive representations of more general patterns or regularities that occur in our experience 2. ______________ is the interaction between old and new information 3. The knowledge about a structure of a text is called ______________ and the knowledge about the subject matter of a text is called ______________ 4. The readers age, gender, experience, and culture are important considerations for ______________ who want to select readings that are motivating to their students E. Match the items 1. ___ Pre-reading activities 2. ___ While-reading activities 3. ___ Post-reading activities A. note taking and summarize information B. evaluate students adequacy of interpretation C. discuss everything students know about the topic to read

F. Choose one of the questions below and elaborate a concise answer (10 lines) 1. Define and exemplify Extensive Reading and ER materials 2. Explain the role of the teacher in Extensive Reading programs 2. Explain the role of the teacher in implementing Intensive Reading 3. Provide an example of reading sequences

G. Choose one of the questions below and elaborate a concise answer (10 lines) 1. Explain what is measured in reading tests 2. Summarize how teachers should prepare students for reading tests 3. Refer to the strategies students should know to take reading texts H. Choose one of the questions below and elaborate a concise answer (10 lines) 1. Refer to the strategies for reading comprehension 2. Refer to microskills and macroskills for listening comprehension 3. Write about the types of classroom reading performance 4. Write about the principles for teaching reading skills