Mechanical Engineering: PhD Qualifying Examination Sub-areas (Revised in May 2012) Sub-Area: Design Engineering Design Engineering-I: Basic

equations of theory of elasticity; elementary elasticity problems in two and three dimensions; theories of plastic flow; problems in plastic flow of ideally plastic and strain hardening materials; theory of metal forming processes. Design Engineering-II: Steady and transient Vibration of single and multi degree freedom systems. Systems with distributed mass and elasticity. Non-linear and self excited vibrations, structural damping, Random vibrations, vibration analysis, vibration control - reduction, isolation and vibration absorbers. Design Engineering-III: Introduction to creative design; user research and requirements analysis, product specifications, Computer Aided Design; Standardization, variety reduction, preferred numbers and other techniques; modular design; design economics, cost analysis, cost reduction and value analysis techniques, design for production; human factors in design: anthropometric, ergonomic, psychological, physiological considerations in design decision making; legal factors, engineering ethics and society. Reference Book(s):
Timoshenko S. P. & Goodier J. N., Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edition, Mc-Graw Hill, 1982. J. Chakrabarty, Theory of Plasticity, Mc-Graw Hill Book Company, Singapore, 1987. Leonard Meirovith, "Elements of Vibration analysis", McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 1986 Kevin Otto and Kristin Wood, Product Design: Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development, 2004, Pearson Education, New Delhi

Sub-Area: Thermal Engineering Thermal Engineering-I: Introduction and generalized governing equations, steady and unsteady heat conduction, numerical modeling, melting and solidification problems, micro-scale heat conduction, internal and external convective heat transfer, natural convection and scale analysis, natural convection in enclosures, multi-dimensional and unsteady conduction, , condensation, evaporation and boiling, heat transfer by thermal radiation, analysis and design of heat exchangers. Thermal Engineering-II: Refrigeration cycle, refrigerants, compressors, oil in refrigerant circuits, condensers and cooling towers, evaporators, expansion valves, controls and other circuit components, component selection and balancing, installation and construction, distributed cooling and thermal storage, packaged units, food refrigeration and freezing, cold storage, refrigerated transport, handling and distribution, refrigeration load estimate, industrial uses of refrigeration, air and water vapour
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mixtures, air treatment, air-conditioning load estimation, air-conditioning methods, dehumidifiers and air drying, heat pumps and heat recovery, efficiency, running and carbon footprint. Thermal Engineering-III: Introduction of renewable energy, advantages, potential, status of development, broad details of different renewable energy systems such as solar, wind, biomass, microhydel, geothermal etc; Renewable energy development policy, Renewable energy industries, international co-operation, HRD and career growth opportunities, consultancy areas and future thrust areas in renewable energy development. Reference Book(s):
A.Faghri, Y. Zhang and J. Howell, Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer, Global Digital Press, 2010. A. Mills, Heat Transfer, Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition, 1998. G. F. Hundy, A. R. Trott and T. C. Welch, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 4th Edition, Butterworth and Heinemann (Elsevier), 2008. J. Twidell and T. Weir, Renewable Energy Resources, Taylor and Francis, 2nd Edition, 2006.

Sub-Area: Fluid Engineering Fluid Engineering-I: Review of elementary viscous flow equations and classical aerofoil theory, Blasius's theorem, Kutta-Joukowski theorem, Vortex motion, Kelvin's theorem, Helholtz vortex theorems, instabilities of vortex patterns, very viscous flow, flow in a Hele-Shaw cell, Boundary Layer theory, flow separation, Instabilities in fluid flow, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, Rayleigh-Benard Instability, introduction to chaos and turbulence. Fluid Engineering-II: Review of the basic equations of fluid Dynamics, review of the analytical aspects of PDEs (boundary conditions, maximum principles, boundary layer theory), Finite volume and finite difference discretization, the numerical analysis of the stationary and nonstationary convection diffusion equation, the numerical analysis of the incompressible Navier Stokes equation, the Gudonov and high resolution schemes to capture discontinuous solutions to the nonlinear scalar conservation laws. Fluid Engineering-III: Introduction to Fluid power, advantages of fluid power, applications, Introduction to Pneumatics, Air preparation and Components, Pneumatics Circuits and Applications, Electro pneumatics, Electrical Controls for fluid power circuits, , Physical properties of hydraulic fluids, Energy and Power in Hydraulic Systems, Frictional Losses in Hydraulic Pipelines, Hydraulic Pumps, Hydraulic Cylinders and Cushioning Devices, Hydraulic Motors, Hydraulic Valves, Hydraulic Circuit Design and Analysis, Ancillary Hydraulic Devices, Hydraulic Conductions and Fittings, Maintenance of Hydraulic Systems, Use of PLC programming for interfacing pneumatics and Hydraulic Circuits. Reference Book(s)
D.J. Acheson, Elementary Fluid Dynamics, Oxford Applied Mathematics and Computing Science Series, 2005. Pijush K. Kundu, Ira M. Cohen, David R Dowling, Fluid Mechanics, 5th edition, Academic Press, 2011. Pieter Wesseling, Principles of Computational Fluid dynamics, Springer, 2001. Page 2 of 7

Randall J. Leveque, Finite-Volume methods for Hyperbolic Problems, Cambridge University Press, 2004. Esposito Anthony, Fluid Power with Applications, Prentice Hall of India

Sub-Area: Manufacturing Engineering Manufacturing Engineering-I: Manufacturing properties of materials, Casting: pattern and mould, melting, gating design, cooling and solidification, defects in casting, miscellaneous casting operations, inspection of castings. Forming: plastic deformation and yield criteria, tensile and shear yield stresses, mechanics and process parameters of different bulk and sheet metal forming processes, hot and cold forming, friction and lubrication in metal forming, defects in metal forming. Welding & joining: principles of solid phase and liquid phase welding, principles of solid/liquid state joining, various joining operations, weld defects and inspection. Manufacturing Engineering-II: Generating motions of the machine tools, machines using single-point, multi-point and abrasive tools, mechanics of metal cutting, chip formation, machining forces and their measurement, specific cutting energy, friction in metal cutting, plowing force and size effect, chip thickness, analytical modeling of machining operations, analysis and measurement of temperatures in metal cutting, tool wear and tool life, effect of work material, tool material and tool geometry on tool wear, high speed machining, hard machining, cutting fluids and surface roughness in machining, economics of metal cutting operations, nomenclature of cutting tools, chip control, machine tool vibrations, grinding, design for machining, non-traditional machining processes and their comparative performance. Manufacturing Engineering-III: Tool design methods, toolmaking processes, tooling materials and heat treatment, design of cutting tools, gages and gage design, locating and clamping methods, design of drill jigs, design of fixtures, design of sheet metal blanking and piercing dies, design of sheet metal bending, forming, drawing dies, using plastics as tooling materials, tool design for numerically controlled machine tools, automatic screw machines. Reference Book(s):
A. Ghosh and A. K. Mallik, Manufacturing Science, Affiliated East West Press, 2nd Edition, 2010. W. A. Knight and J. Boothroyd, Fundamentals of Machining and Machine Tools, Taylor & Francis (Special Indian Edition), 3rd edition, 2006. C. Donaldson, G. H. LeCain and V. C. Goold, Tool Design, Tata McGraw-Hill, 3rd Edition, 2008.

Sub-Area: Materials, including Nano-materials and composites Materials, including Nano-materials and Composites-I: Study of characteristics and technology of metals, plastics, rubbers, ceramics, polymers, composites, optical fibres and other modern engineering materials and their application with particular reference to Railways. Destructive and non-destructive testing techniques.

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Materials, including Nano-materials and Composites-II:

Definition of composite materials; classification; particulates and dispersion hardened composites, continuous and discontinuous fibre reinforced composites, metal-matrix composites, carboncarbon composites, molecular composites, micro and multilayer composites, theory of reinforcement; reinforcement by continuous and discontinuous fibres, concept of microfibril; effect of orientation and adhesion; mechanical behaviour of composites, stress-strain relationship, strength, fracture thoughness and fatigue; properties of fibre reinforcement and production technology of composites. Materials, including Nano-materials and Composites-III: Structural and stimuli dependent response of Materials, Property specific activities of Smart material, Mechanical, Magnetic, optical, thermal smart material, Potential Application of Smart material, Morphology and behavior of material at nanoscale, Fullerenes, Carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, Self-assembled monolayers, Supramolecules, Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials, Application of nanomaterial. Reference Book(s):
William F. Smith, Javal Hashemi, Foundations of Material Science & Engineering, Fourth ed ition, McGrawHill international edition, 2006 William D. Callister, Jr. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, Sixth Edition Agarwal B.D. Analaysis and Performance of Fibre Composites, John Wiley & Sons. Gabor L. Hornyak, John J. Moore, H.F. Tibbals, Joydeep Dutta, Fundamentals of Nanotechnology, CRC Press, 1st Edition, 2008.

Sub-Area: Industrial Engineering and Optimization Industrial Engineering and Optimization-I: Optimization of functions of one and many variables with and without constraints; Kuhn-Tucker conditions; gradient methods; linear programming; simplex based and integer programming methods; duality theory; transportation and assignment problems; dynamic programming; branch and bound methods; models of linear production systems, sequencing and scheduling, PERT, CPM. Industrial Engineering and Optimization-II: Introduction, operations and manufacturing strategy for competitive advantage, product design and planning, forecasting product demand, facilities location, process selection and design, capacity planning, layout of facilities, job design and work measurement, aggregate planning, master manufacturing schedules, material requirements planning for dependent demand, shortterm schedules and shop floor control, independent demand inventory systems, logistics and supply chain management, just-in-time systems, maintenance and reliability, quality management, managing projects, strategies for manufacturing excellence. Industrial Engineering and Optimization-III:

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Introduction, maintenance systems, methods and tools of maintenance analysis, Reliability and safety, maintainability, supportability, design for maintenance, maintenance integration, computerized maintenance management systems, TPM, world-class maintenance systems, and maintenance effectiveness and performance evaluation. Reference Book(s):
Hamdy A Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction, Pearson Education, Eighth Edition. Rao S S, Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, John Wiley 2009 Chase R.B, Jacobs F.R., Aquilano N.J. and Agarwal, N.K., Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, 11th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition, 2006. Lindley R. Higgins and R. Keith Mobley: Maintenance Engineering Handbook,6th ed. Mcgraw-Hill, 2002. K.C. Kapur, and L.R. Lambersion: Reliability in Engineering Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1977

Sub-Area: Robotics and Mechatronics Robotics and Mechatronics-I: Classification of robots and manipulators, fields of application, synthesis of planer and spatial mechanisms, methods of function and path generation, coupler curve synthesis, linkages with open loop, actuators and drive elements, microprocessor application and control of robots. Robotics and Mechatronics-II: Concepts of measurement of electrical and non electrical parameters; displacement, force, pressure, etc and related signal conditioning techniques, drives and actuators, concepts of microprocessors/micro controllers architecture and programming, memory and I/O interfacing, system design concepts. Robotics and Mechatronics-III: Basic Concepts of MEMS, Design and Fabrication, Scaling Laws, Microsensors & Microactuatars, Microfabrication, Micromanufacturing, Modeling in MEMS, Meterology in MEMS, Electronics in MEMS, computer interfacing, Microfluidics, Microsystem design, MEMS Packaging. Reference Book(s):
R K Mittal and I J Nagrath, Robotics and Control, John Wiley 2008 J J Uicker, G R Pennock and J E Shigley, Theory of mechanisms and machines, OUP, 2011 HMT, Mechatronics, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, New Delhi, 2008 Ananthasuresh, G K et al, Micro and smart systems, WSE, 2010 Tai Ran Hsu, MEMS & Microsystems Design and Manufacture, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2006, Delhi.

Sub-Area: Manufacturing Management Manufacturing Management-I: Fundamentals of continuous improvement, waste identification and elimination, small lot production, setup time reduction, pull production, focused factories, cellular manufacturing, quality of design, scheduling for smooth flow, performance measurement, green manufacturing design, life cycle management and assessment, end of life strategies, sustainable business models, sustainable practices and measurement. Manufacturing Management-II:
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Customer driven strategies in production and distribution systems; Integrated production & distribution networks; SCM in the context of JIT and MRP-II; Distribution Resource Planning; Management of dealer networks; Total Quality Control & product innovation across the supply chain; Incoming logistics & supplier relationships; Value addition analysis; Metrics for management of supply chain performance; Mathematical models and computer assisted decision support for SCM; mathematical programming for SCM. Manufacturing Management-III: Basic concepts of probability and probability distributions, standard probability distribution, sampling and sampling distributions, confidence intervals, testing significance, statistical tolerance, various types of control charts, statistical process control techniques, value analysis, defect diagnosis and prevention, basic concepts of reliability, reliability design evaluation and control, methods of applying total quality management, production process, traditional quality management, emerging quality standards, ISO 9000, Malcom Baldridge Award, Top management commitment and involvement, customer involvement, quality function deployment, designing and controlling production processes and improving process capability, reliability concepts, developing supplier partnerships, building teams of empowered employees, quality circles, benchmarking and continuous improvement, Reference Book(s):
Pascal D., Lean Production Simplified, Productivity Press, 2007. Seliger G., Sustainability in manufacturing, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007 Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl and D V Kalra, Supply Chain Management, Pearson Education, India, 2007 Mitra A., Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2001. D H Besterfield et al, Total Quality Management, Pearson Education, 2008

Sub-Area: CAD/CIM/CAE CAD/CIM/CAE-I: CAD hardware and software, CAD tools, parametric curve, surface and solid modeling, geometric transformations, CAD/CAM data exchange formats, collaborative design, static and dynamics analysis of mechanical systems, and design of experiments. CAD/CIM/CAE-II: Introduction to automation in manufacturing, manufacturing models and metrics, industrial control systems, hardware components for automation and process control, numerical control of machine tools and CNC part programming, industrial robotics, discrete control using PLC and computers, material transport systems, storage systems, automatic identification and data capture, introduction to manufacturing systems, single-station manufacturing cells, manual assembly lines, automated production lines, automatic assembly systems, cellular manufacturing, inspection principles and technologies, machine vision, computer aided process planning. CAD/CIM/CAE-III: Overview, discretization and interpolation, higher order and iso-parametric elements, element and global matrices, assembly and numerical solution of system finite element equations. Application to solid mechanics problems, basic equations, analysis of trusses, beams, frames,
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plates, three-dimensional and dynamics problems. Application heat transfer problems, formulation and analysis of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional heat transfer problems. Application to fluid-mechanics problems, basic equations, inviscid, viscous and non-Newtonian fluids. Reference Book(s):
Zeid I., Mastering CAD/CAM, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2006 V. R. Dukkipati and R. Bhat, Computer Aided Analysis and Design of Machine Elements, NAIL, 2002. D. Montgomery, Design of Experiments, Wiley India, 2005. Grover M. P., Automation, Production Systems, and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Prentice Hall (Pearson), 3rd Edition, 2008. Rao S. S., The Finite Element Method in Engineering, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann (Indian Edition), 4th Edition, 2005.

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