Dream and Truth-Part II

subin nig karBit _ PaK 2 _ Rves et ralits Tome II
vanDI kaGun
Vandy Kaonn
subin nig karBit

PaK 2
RbeTskmCa ; 18631863-1992
BI sm&yGaNaniKmcas
mksm&y GaNaniKmzI
CAMBODGE : rves et ralits

Tome II
smaKm kmCa_GasI
a_GasIu qaM 2012
(Association Cambodge-Asie France - 2012)

rkSasiTi RKbEbbyag
Pi:lExr enACMnan rbb ehg sMrwn _ karksagrbb saZarNrd RbCamanitu
kmCa _GMBIRkumsamK<I bg,beg,Itpl RbePTTI 3 _ GMBIRkumsamK<Ibg,beg,Itpl
matika
-matika.. 3
-Garmkza . . .9
-lMnaMedIm .19
menaKmviCa rbs makS

kS nig
bdivtn n vN;GZn ...... 39

Le marxisme et la rvolution proltarienne
CMBUk 8 ;
cuHTwkRkeBI eLIgelIxa .. 45
_BI makS mkdl bul Bt _ bdivtn :raMg _PaBRcbUkRcbl n C&yCMnH

rbsExrRkhm _ bJasMxan>Edl bul Bt RtUvedaHRsayeRkay RBwtikarN
z 17 emsa _ karbeg,Itrdbdivt rbs ExrRkhm _ karKUsvasExSbnat

neya:yeRkARbeTs rbs ExrRkhm _ kare:ssMGat
Cnk|t enAkg
pbkS_karBRgwgTMnakTMng rvag rbbkmCaRbCaZibety nig RbeTscinRbCa

manitu _ CivPaB rbs RbCaCnExr enAeRkamrbbExr Rkhm _ sRg<amrvag cin
nig shPaBsUev[t ; eqaH eTArkkarrlMrlay n rbb ExrRkhm _ sPaB
karN enAkgrbbExrRkhm enAqaM 1978 _ karQaneTArk TIGvsan n rbb
ExrRkhm _RBwtikarNsMxan> enAqaM 1978 enAsm&yExrRkhm _ karvay

luk n kgT&Bev[tNam eTAelIRbeTskmCaenAqaM 1978_1979 _ karRbyuT
ts)U neya:y rvag cin nig ev[tNamenAqaM 1979_karRbECgkmaMg rvag

RbeTsmhaGMNac _ karts)UedjkgT&Bev[tNamecjBIRbeTskmCa _sPaB
karN RbeTskmCa eRkayRBwtikarN z 7 mkraqaM 1979 _ BIrdaPi:l

ehg sMrwn eTArdaPi:l Ebn suvN _ karbMJkbMbn lTikumynis dl kma
RbePTTI 2 nig TI 1 _ bribTGnrCati n sRg<am enAkgRbeTskmCa rvag qaM

1979_1989 _ sanPaBRbeTskmCa enA qaM 1982 _ rdaPi:l elak can
sIu _ tRmuy nkarERbRbYl sanPaBneya:y enAqaM 1983 _ karEtgtaMg

elak h)un Esn CanaykrdmRnI n rbb saZarNrdRb
14 mkra qaM 1985
-
CamanitukmCa enAz
rUbPaBmYyeT[t n sRg<am ... 86

La guerre par dautres moyens
CMBUk 9;
Xab ..140
- dMeNIreqaH eTArkkarcrca sniPaB enAqaM 1985 _ karERbRbYl n karRb
ECgkmaMgGnrCatienAqaM 1986_ RBwtikarNmunCMnYbelIkdMbUgbgs rvagsemc
neratm sIhnu nig elak h)un Esn enA EhVr GgtakdWn&r RbeTs:raMg _
dMeNIreqaHeTArkkarpSHpSa rvagKUPaKIneya:yExrTaMg 4 enAqaM 1987 _ CMnYb
rvagsemc neratm sIhnunigelak h)un Esn enAEhVrGgtakdWn&r RbeTs

:raMg enAqaM 1987 _ karExVgKMnitKa rvag semc neratm sIhnu nig rdaPi
:lcRmuH kmCaRbCaZibety _CMnYbeRkApvkar rvagPaKIExrTaMg 4 enAbUh<&r

enAExkk,da qaM 1988 _ eqaHeTArk karebIksnisITGnrCati enATIRkug:rIs _
kardk kgT&Bev[tNam CaketaPaKI ecjBIkmCa enAExemsa qaM 1989 _
yuTsaRsneya:y TIRkug:gkk cMeJH GpiRkm sniPaBenA RbeTs kmCa_

TItaMgrbs RbeTsev[tNam nigshPaB sUev[tenAkgkarpSHpSarvag KUbdibk
Exr TaMg 4 _ sRg<ampkg enAkmCa enAeBleRkaysnisIT TIRkug:rIsqaM

1989 _ sRg<ampkgmYy EdlKaneKaledA c|aslas _ karvayyktMbn
blin eday BYk bul BtenAz 22 tulaqaM 1989 _ karvivtneqaHeTArk

karbJbsRg<ampkg enAqaM1989_ EpnkarsniPaB rbs elak kaert GIuevnS
-
GksbesrIPaB .. 175
Les ennemis de la Libert
CMBUk 10 ; karpSaM GarZm(Exr CamYy vb|Zm(:raMg 179

-
karbeg,ItGaC\aZrbeNaHGasn
rbs
Gg<kar
shRbCaCati
(GaRbUnuc) _dMNakkalzI rbs bkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa enAqaM
enAkmCa
1990 _GPi
RkmsniPaB enARbeTskmCaenAqaM 1990 _ EpnkarRkbx&N n kicRBmeRB{g
rYm n KUPaKIExr rbs KNGciRny n RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCa

Cati _ TItaMg rbs KUPaKIExrTaMg 4 enAcMeJHmuxEpnkar Rkbx&N rbs Rkum
RbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati _ karminyl RBm rbs
rdkmCa GMBI
EpnkarRkbx&N rbs RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<karshRbCaCati _ karRbyuTKa
rvag KUPaKIExrbdibk eRkayGg<RbCMu RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs enATIRkug:rIs enA

ExZ qaM1990 _semc neratm sIhnu ekaRkumExrRkhmxag bul Bt ehIy
hucdetagelak h)un Esn vij _ karvilmkvij nGkdwknaMcasenAkg bribT
neya:yzI _ eqaHeTArkkarbJbGZikrNExr edayrkSaTuk nUvm(aKaneya:y

eRkARbeTs muneBlsRg<am _ semc neratm sIhnu sakl|g beg,ItrdaPi
:l cRmuH rvagKNbkS h)VnsIunebc nig KnbkSRbCaCn _ yuTsaRs rbs

elak h)un Esn enAeBlGg<kar shRbCaCati cabepImcUl mkeZVIGnraKmn
enAqaM 1992_sPaBkarN n KNbkS neya:y nana mun kare:HeqatesrI
elIkdMbUgbgs er[bcMeday G. s. b. enA qaM 1993 _ ebskkm 7 yag

rbs Gg<kar
GaRbUnuc _ TitaMg rbs ExrRkhm enAqaM 1992 _ briyakas
mun kare:Heqat qaM 1993 _ rdaPi:lk|alBIr eRkaykare:HeqatqaM 1993

_ RBwtikarN enAExmizuna qaM 1993 _ karRbQmmux dakKa rvag RBHGg<mas
5
cRkBgS nig RBHGg<masrN#Ti _ karEckGMNacKa rvag
nig
KNbkSRbCaCn
KNbkS h)VnsIunebc enAqaM 1993_ bJaExrRkhm enAeBlbeg,ItrdaPi
:lbeNaHGasn enAqaM 1993 _ karKabsg,t rbsExrRkhm eTAelIrdaPi
:lbeNaHGasn z 30 mizunaqaM 1993 _ rdZmnuJExr Edl:nRtUv

RbkasoeRbI enAz 24 kJaqaM
1993 _lTiRbCaZibety enARbeTskmCa
eRkaykare:Heqat qaM 1993 _ xwmsar n rdZmnuJ n RbeTskmCa enAqaM
1993 _ GMNac nItb|Jti nig GMNac nItiRbtibti enAkg rdZmnuJExr qaM

1993
-
el|Ikcck
cck ... 241
La fable du loup
CMBUk 11 : eqaHeTArk
rbb KNbkSEtmYy. 242
sanPaB neya:y n RbeTskmCa enAqaM 1993 _ GMBIkarvilRtLb mk

vij n bbraCaniym enAqaM 1993 _TsSnkic rbs elaknaykrdmRnI z
enARbeTskmCa enA Exmkra qaM 1994 _ mYyqaMeRkay karbeg,ItrdaPi:lqaM
1993 _ rbbneya:yExr _ vibti neya:y qaM 1994 _ bJaelIkElg
eTas oemExrRkhm eG[g sarI _karEbk:ksamK<I enAkgclnaExrRkhm

enA qaM 1996 _ GMBIKNbkS
CatiExr rbs elak sm rgSI _sPaBkarN
sg<mExrenAqaM 1996_RBwtikarNz 5 kk,daqaM 1997 _ karKabsg,t rbs
shKmn GnrCati eTAelIelak h)un Esn eRkay RBwtikarN z 5 kk,da qaM
1997 _ karer[beCIgRBYl e:Heqat sRmab nItikalTI 2 _ TIGvsan n cl

naExrRkhm enAqaM 1997_1998 _GMBI clnakumynsExr EdlsitenAeRkam
kardwknaM rbs bul Bt _ kare:H eqatsPaenA Exkk,da qaM 1998
yuTsaRs n karksagRbeTseLIg vij BIqaM 1992 mkdlqaM 1998
GMBI
GkTTYlmt(k ... 325

Les hritiers
GMBIrbbesdkic n RbeTskmCa enAkgry;eBl 5 stvtSrkngmk _ GMBI
bsK<epSg>
enAkgkarGPivDn
_sanPaBsg<m
nig
esdkic
RbeTskmCa 7 qaMeRkayGnraKmn rbsGg<kar shRbCaCati _GMBIbJa

kateTasGtItemExrRkhm_ karbUksrub RBwtikarNRbvtisaRsExr taMgBI qaM
1863
mkdl
qaM
2000_RbeTskmCa
muneBl
vtman
rbs:raMg
eqaHeTArkkarbJbsRg<am_bribTGnrCati nig PUmisaRs neya:y _vas na

d*GaRkk n KNbkSRbCaZibety _ GPiRkmTMenIbkm RbeTskmCa cabtaMg
BIedImstvtSr TI 20 _rbbneya:y kalBICMnan
sg<mraRsniym _ kar
RbyuT kgqakneya:y rbs semc neratm sIhnu _
kalRbvti segb ....375
KnnieT
...... 419
Ts
bsm
bsmn .. 432
GMBIGk
GkraviruT nig evyakrNExr
JkeBcn EdleRbI kgsikSakzaenH tRmUveTatam vcnanuRkmExr Edl
e:HBumpSay enAqaM 1967 edayBuTsasnbNit. KWCavcnanuRkm Edl

er[ber[g edayRkumCMnMuExr eJlKW KN;kmkard*ZMmYy eRkamkardwknaM rbs
semcRBHsgraC CYn Nat ehIyEdle:HBumpSayenARKaTI 5 . JkxH

sresr Ca BIrEbb JkxH sresr:nEtmYyEbb. edIm|IsRmYldl kar
Gan x\M:nsresr Ca BIrEbb Etmg ehIy JkxH sresr edayKantRmYt
tamTmab EdlGkeRbIPasaExreRkay>mkeT[t :nsresr dUcCaJk cMerIn

sMrab, sMKal
al CaedIm. cMeJHJkxHeT[t dUcCa bdivtn, GPivD
Dn CaedIm
EdleRbICa kiriyasB KuNnam x\M sesr bdivt, GPivD

D KW Kan tYGkSr n
nig sJaTNXat
(- n) enAxagcug tamk|nevyakrNExr . bEn edIm|I
RsYlsMKal kareRbI nam KuNnam enAkges[vePAenH x\M sresr bdivt
GPivD edayKan n nig TNXat EtenAkgkrNI mnusS EtbueNaH. .
Gkbdivt, BYkbdivt, GkGPivD

D . eRkABIenaH x\MsresrCa nam TaMgGs dUc
Ca clna bdivtn, KN;kmkar bdivtn .l. eTaHbI mankarBiniteRcIndgkI
k* EtgEt enAmanJksresrxusxHedayGectna enAkgkarsresr elI G&r

DINaT&r. GaRs&yehtuenH sUmelakRsIGselakGkGan emtaGP&yeTas.
eT[t enA cMeJHmuxKNbkS RbCaZibety . enAeBle:Heqat sPaZmnuJ qaM
1946 KNbkS esrI niym :nEt 4 Gasn; ehIy KNkSRbCaZibety

:nrhUteTA 50 Gasn; kgGasn;TaMgGs cMnYn 67 . rI kare:HeqatsPa
Garmkza
naExZ qaM 1947 k* pl
C&yCMnHeTAoKNbkS RbCaZibety Edr
(21
Gasn; Tl nwg 54 Gasn;) . enAqaM 1993 RbCaCnExr :ne:Heqato
enAkgPaK 2 n subin nig karBit enH x\Msakl|g Bnlehtupl
KNbkSraCaniym h)VnsIunebc. eK seg,teXIjza KNbkSEdlman :vcna
RbCaCatienAqaM 1992 nig karvilmkvij n GkdwknaMcas Edl:nRKbRKg
eTAqaM 1947 . ebIEpkeTAelITinn&y TaMgenH eKGacniyay:nza RbCaCnExr
Edl:nnaMoRsukExr vileTArkrbbcasvij eRkayGnraKmnrbsGg<kar sh
naMRbeTs eTArk karbrrcnasm&n :nTTYlsnwkeqatticNas ebIeRb{beZ[b
RbeTs munrbbsaZaNrdExr. enAkgPaKTI1 x\M:nelIkeLIgGMBI RBwtikarN
PaKeRcIn eRkay rbb kumynisBIr
rYcmkehIymk. enAkgPaKTI 2 enH x\Msakl|gqHbJaMg nUv sPaBkarN TaMg
PaKeRcIn
Edl:ncabepImCasnSwm> taMgBIqaM 1905mk CaBiesscabtaMg BIqaM 1946.
taMgBIedImqaM 1960 mk. 2 sl TsSn;sm&yTMenIb EdlbJvn RbCaZib
EdlmanCahUrEh taMgBIqaM 1952
( rdRbharRsbc|ab rbs RBHmhakSRt)
LayEdlecjmk BIneya:ybrTis n GPiRkmbr rcnasm&n sg<m_vb|Zm(
dUceyIg:ndwgrYcmkehIy karvitneqaH eTAPaBsm&yTMenIb tamEbbbT bsim
elak :nRtUvkatbnyCasnSwm> eRkayeBlEdlRsukExr :nkraCBI:raMg
(1953) . enAqaM 1955 kareRt{mlkN; EkERbsab&nrd edIm|IQaneTArk

rbb
bkSEtmYy
tamreb[bRbeTskumynis
k*:ncabepIm
enATsvtSr
1950 enaH Edr KW 2 qaMeRkayeBlEdl:raMg RbKlkraCbibUr mkoExr .

enAedIm Ts vtSr 1950 :raMgEdlkMBugRbyuT nwg ev[tmij mankar:rm
xacKNbkS RbCaZibety rbsbJvnExr manTMnakTMng CamYyclna ev[t
(1975_1993) man TsSn;neya:y
GPirkSniym . rI mUlehtu man 2 KW 1 eRkABI karsb rbbkumynis Exr

cgvileTArk
rbbcasvij
tamry;RBHmhakSRt
neratm
sIhnu
EdleKBMu:ndwg dwgedayRseBcRsBilza CaGkEdl KaMRT rbbkumynis

etyExr :nbeg,ItenAqaM 1946 tamEbbbT:raMg ehIyEdlman ExSry;bn
rhUt dlqaM 1967
(clna exmryankm nig mitPaBBiess CamYyRbeTs
cin kumynis emAniym) :nRtUv:tbnicmg> GseTAvij Cabnbnab rhUt

dlqaM 1970_1975. enAkgry;eBl 5 qaM n rbbsaZarNrdExr karniym
vb|Zm(bsimelak :nvilmkvijxH> tamry;GkecHPasa:raMg satCMnaj
bUkrYmCamYy GkecHPasaGgeKspg buEn BIqaM 1975 mk rbb bul Bt :n

pacExSry;GkecHdwg swgEtGsrlIg ehIy GkslBIkarkabsmab :nnaM
mij. ehtudUecH ehIy:nCa:raMg _ EdlCaGknaMeZVI karEkERbsab&nrd eTA
KaeTARCkekan enA breTs CaBiess enARbeTs:raMg . enAkgkare:Heqat
vijedayeRbImaRta 21 nrdZmnuJqaM 1947. mageT[tKNbkS
d*sMxan bEnmBIelIkmviZI neya:y rbs KNbkS RbCaZibety . Tinn&y
tamEbbbTRbCaZibety:raMg _ EbrCaCMruj oRBHmhakSRtExr kabGMNac
esrIniym
rbs RBHGg<mas nrinedt Edl:raMg:nbeg,It k*TTYl braC&yTaMgRsug eTA

9
qaM 1947 GkGg<masyutivgS EdlCa kSRtmYyGg<EdrenaH :nedIrtYnaTImYy
xagelIenH k *bJakoeXIj pgEdrza TsSn;eTvniym sitenACab Canickg

10
GarmN rbsRbCaCnk*BitEmn EtTnwmenaH karcg:nyutiZm( nig siTiesrIPaB
enAkgcMeNamyuvCnEdler[nenAtamviTal&y k*manxaMgNsEdr. GkEdlecH

eZVIoeKylza xneKCaGk
TiBleTAelIRbCaCndEdl.
manbuN CaGktMNagRBHRnaZiraC enAEtman

neya:ybnykarecHdwg nig karbiT :Mgmino
s<al tzPaBsg<m nig vDnPaB EpkTsSnviCa enAkgBiPBelak :nhuc nUv

lTpl d*kkekA cMeJHGkdwknaMGPirkSCatiym nig Gkbdivtkumynis GPirkS
niym . enHCapvEbkmYy RbkbedayeRKaHzak kgkarnaM RbeTs eqaHeTArk

karrIkceRmIn RKbvis&y
(accroissement des difficults dinsertion du pays
dans le monde moderne). bTBiesaZn rbsRbCaCnedIm enAshrdGaemrik
xusEbkBI es[vePA RbvtisaRs n RbeTskmCa EdlCa karlat
Rtdag GMBI dMeNIr Cabnbnab n RBwtikarN RbvtisaRs
subin nig karBit CakarsikSasg<msaRs. KWCakarviPaKEdlEpkeTAelIeKal
karN n viTasaRs dUcCa riyabz beNayxneZVIGVI tameKg tamkar

bMpusbMpulKMnitepSg> enAkgmCdan kgsg<mmYy
(effets dagrgation). :tuPUtenH dUcCa karnaMKaeRCIserIsmuxrbr EtmYy dUc
Ka EtgEt naMeTArk karRbkYtRbECgKaedaytemta eBjsg<mTaMgmUl ehIy
EdlCakta d*sMxan n kar:tbgmuxviCaCIv;epSg>eT[t nig karekIncMnYn Gk
KanGaCIBenAkgsg<m. bJti
EdlEpkeTAelI
rsenAEdleK:nkMNt
(concepts) neya:y
vicarNJaN nigTinn&yviTasaRs GacCiHCannwgsg,tsg,in
(mimtisme) kar
kMNt eCaKvasnaxn tamkartRmUv rbs mnusSPaKeRcIn enAkgsg<mCaedIm
:nbJak yagc|asnUv eRKaHzakenH eRJH vaCakargayRsYl sRmabo Gk

EdlmanviTasaRs nig beckviCaxs RBmTaMgbJti
(tude factuelle)
tamreb[brsenA n sg<m
(concepts) bdibk rvag riyabz sRmbxn
(conformisme) nig karXatecjBI reb[brbb
(dviance) k*:nRtUvykmkqHbJaMgsg<mExr Tnwm
GkRbePTTImYy KWGkEdlmanCMen] eTAelIkmaMgGcariy; nig eTAelIkarQWqal
nwgkarcUlrYmcMENk karmincUlrYmcMENk rbsRbCaCn(consensus
GPivD eKseg,t eXIjza crnviTasaRs nig TsSnviCazI> :nykQH eTA
pgEdr. karsikSasg<msaRsminGackatpacecjBIkarsikSaesdkic(Pareto)
rbs BBYkeTv cMeJHvasna rbs xneKmak> . enAkgRbvtisaRs n RbeTs
kgneya:y menaKmviCa EdlBYkvrCn
et rejet)
(les lites) :nykmkdwknaMsg<m
elICMen]TaMgLay EdlKanmUldan . tamry;karecHdwgTaMgenaH eKyleXIj
nig
RbCasaRs :neT . ebIeyagtam karEbgEck rbs :raMg nrviTasg<m
dEdlenH
viTa
(ethnologie) eT k*buEn xusBICatiBnviTa muxviCa nrviTaenH man TMnak
za KW mnusSeT Edl kMNteCaKvasna rbs mnusSCati . buEnenAkgn&y

ebIBYkmnusSJlQH
KWGkTaMgenHehIy
EdldwknaMBiPBelak.
nig vb|Zm(
(anthropologie sociale et culturelle) BMumanGVIxusEbkBI CatiBn
ehtudUecHehIy :nCaTnwmnwg vDnPaB eKRtUvmanKMnitmnusSZm( CaeKalmaK(a
TMngCitsiT nwg sg<mviTaCag . sg<mviTaekIteLIgenAstvtSr TI 19 edIm|I
mugEtjdUecHEdr ?
nig sSahkm . eKalkarNCatiBnviTa EdlsRmabeRbIkgkarviPaK sg<m
pgeT[t. ebIBMudUecHeT karrIkceRmIn k*BMumann&yGVIEdr KW dUcJkmYyXa rbs
viTasaRsEdlKanmnsika KW RKanEtCa karrlay sab
sUn n citKMnit tmKti EtbueNaH
( science sans conscience nest que
ruine de lme) .
bMeBj esckIRtUvkar n karviPaKsg<msm&yTMenIb eRkaybdivtn neya:y

xattUc BMuGacykmkeRbI sRmab karsikSasg<mEdlkMBugvivt :nTaMgGs
eT. ehtudUecHehIy :nCax\MeZVIkarsikSasg<msaRsvijeRJH taMgBIqaM 1936

mk CaBiessBIqaM 1947 sg<mExr BMuEmnCasg<mEdlenARTwgmYykEngeLIy
11
12
buEn Edlvil tam:tuPUt cRkclna
(cyclique) eday kmaMg clkr vb|Zm(
BMuTanqgput dMNakkarsMxan> n karvivtn
. eTaHCayagNakI eKseg,t
eXIjza cMeJH CatiBnviTa k* dUcCa cMeJH sg<mviTa karsikSa rcnasm&n
EbbbTsg<mviTa cabepImmanmk taMgBImugetsKIeyI

1755) nig hSg_hSak rUsS
(Montesquieu, 1689_
(J.J. Rousseau, 1712_1778) . EmnETneTA
sg<mviTasm&yTMenIb manmUldan rbsvatamry; GUh<s kug nig eD]kexm
(structure) nigkariykm (fonction) nig karviPaKRkwtRkm EdlkMNtskm
(Durkheim, 1858_1917). sg<mviCa BMuGacecjputBITsSn; rbs TsSn
BI viZIsaRs nigeKaledAepSg> n viTasaRsenH. ebIniyayBIkarkekIteLIg
viTasaRs esdkic
PaBkgsg<m Cakickard*sMxanbMput.
rbsva KWcabepIm BIsikSakza
sg<mviTa manEbbbTeRcInyag ebIKit
elxKNitneya:y rbs esdvITU Gg
eKs vilam ebTI (Essais darithmtique politique de W. Petty, 1623_1687)
enAstvtSrTI 17 nig TI 18 BI taragBN(na rbs yUhan_BIETr sU)s

em[ls
(Tableaux descriptifs de Johann-Peter Sssmilch, 1707_1767)
BI KNitsaRssg<m rbs kugD&res
(mathmatique sociale de Nicolas de
Condorcet, 1743_1794 ) . buEn eKGacniyay:nza karviPaKsg<m tam
GUh<s kug
(Auguste Comte, 1798_1857 ) kMNatzakarvivtn man
Gayukal 3 KW Gayukal eTvCMen]
(ge thologique) Gayukal brmt
(mtaphysique ou abstrait) nig Gayukal viCman (tat positif) .
GrUbI
viTUeT
(Saint-Simon, Fourier, Proudhon, Marx) ehIy k* minGacpacecjBI

(Pareto) nig RbCasaRs:nEdr (Alfred Sauvy, E.
Duprerel, D. Riesman, Stoetzel ) . sg<mviTUxH eZVIkarsikSa GMBI sg<m RbCa

ZibetyEdlBMuecjmkBIbdivtn vayrMlM BYkvN;GPiCn
(les dmocraties
qui ne sont pas issues des rvolutions, dont labolition de laristocratie)

dUcCa shrd Gaemrik CaedIm (Alexis de Tocqueville) ehIysg<mviTUxHeT[t
dUcCa malINUvs<I
(Malinowski) CaedImeZVIkarsikSa GMBIdMeNIrkarsg<m nig
bJa EdleZVIoraMgsH dMeNIrkarenaH eRJHeKylza sg<m mansirPaBRKb
RKan minERbRbYleLIy KWputBIkarraMgsH mYyeBl> EtgEtvil eTArksPaB

edImvij
(fonctionnalisme). buEn Emrtun (R.K. Merton) nig sg<mviTUepSg>
eT[t dUcCa talkut :rsun
(Talcott Parsons) EdlCaGkkariyniym (fon-
ctionnalistes) EdrenaH k*minylRsbnwgTsSn;kariyniym (analyse fonction-
nelle) EbbenHTaMgRsugNaEdr. rI TsSn; rcnasm&n_kariykar (analyse
Gayukal brmt GrUbI manbYnyag KW 1 eyagtamTsSn; rbs sINUsa
structurelle fonctionnelle) rbs Emrtun k*BMu:nRtUveKriHKnEdr eTaHbIeKyl
GkkMNt elakZmPaB
Emrtun enAEtQrenAelI bJti
Edlylza esrIPaBbuK<l manGtiPaB rbsva enAkgZmCati _ 2

niym
4
RBH Ca
(Descartes, 1596_161650) _ 3 TsSn;rUbZatu
(mat-rialisme) tamkarBnl rbs DIdWrU (Diderot, 1713_1784) _
karviPaK
EdlQrenAelI
vicarNJaN
tamkartRmUv
rbs
nastvtSr TI 18. bnabmk dMNakkalviCman rbs GUh<s kug
TsSnviTU
(Auguste
Comte, 1798_ 1857) EdlEpkeTAelI karykkarsnidan eTABiesaZkg

tzPaB.
13
za sg<m sNabZabsg<m man karERbRbYlCanic ehIy TsSn; rbs
vileTArktulPaB nsNabZabsg<mnwg
z,lEtmYydEdl. cMeJHsg<mviTUmYycMnYn bdivtnRKanEtCa
eRKaHzak Ca
cdnmYy bueNaHbuEn sg<mviTU CaeRcIneT[t ylza bdivtn CaRkitRkm n

sg<mnImYy> eRJHeK:neXIjza karvivtn eTArk sNabZabzI> manCa G
ciRny eTaHCanaMeTArk karRcbUkRcblk*eday . RbvtisaRs Casad rbs
mnusS KWminEmnCa qn;rbs BBYkeTv KW GkEdlsitenAeRkATukesak rbs
14
mnusSenaHeT . TukevTna rbs mnusS Ca RbPB n bdivtn ehIyTsSnviCa
ralistes)
eLIy.
viciRtkrTaMgbInakenH
n bdivtn karERbbYlsNabZab n karrsenA eTaH CaTsSn;enaH BMuman
ETn nBiPBelaksaCazI eLIgvij
CaGkEdl:nebIkpvvicRtkm
EdlpusecjBIkaryldwg BI mUlehtu n TukevTnaenaH CaktamYy d*sMxan
sm&yTMenIbeqaHeTArk karsakl|gEsVgrk TsSn;yldwg GMBI tzPaB Emn
lkN;RKbRKansRmabksagsg<mzIk*eday. EtenHCadMeNIr nRbvtisaRs
clnahVvis
EdlKansg<mNamYy GaceKcputenaHeT elIkElgEtsg<m EdlbiTCitsg

min
omanTsSn;zI>
cUlmk:n.
buEnsg<mEbbenH
k*minGac
eKcput
(reconstruction mentale du rel) .
(fauvisme), ehIyeRkaymkclna TsSnniym
(expression-
nisme : Dongen, Dairan, Vlaminck) EsVgrk tzPaBBiPBelak eday cab

epIm BITsSn;pal rbsviciRtkr. clna Kuyb)Is
(cubisme : Picasso,
BIkarpacxnecjBI BIPBelakEdr ehIyenATIbMput nwgRtUvsg<mnanaeT[t Edl
Braque) Ebr eTArkkarkat tzPaB CabgerxaKNit TMhMbI KWbeNay TTwg
(implosion) eRJHCasg<mEdlKanGVI EdlRbeTs eT[teKman ehIyEdl
nimitrUbniym
maneRb{b Cag sg,tsg,in dEdlCadEdl ebI sg<menaH BMupHxngenaHeT

yuvCnEtgEtcg :nEdrenaH dUcCa esrIPaBCaedIm. enAGWrub CaBiess enA
RbeTs:raMg cabtaMg BIqaM 1880 mk elakTsSn; man karERbRbYlrhUt

eRBaH
karEsVgrkscZm(
tmandac
TsSnviCa
elakTsSn;
(vrit philosophique) ecHEtmanbn
EdleK:nENnaM
oeyIgs<al
tamry;kvI
GkniBn nig tamTsSnviCa sasna nana mankarERbRbYlCanic . taMgBI

kUEBrnic h,alIeL mk eK:ndwgza EpndImUl ehIy vilCMuvij RBHGaTit .
h,alIeL :neZVIo mUldanTsSnviCa rbs GarIst rlMrlayGs. cabtaMg
BIcugstvtSr TI 19 mk eKylkanEt:nc|as GMBIGaz(kM:Mg rbsmnusS

ehIyTaMgkvI
TaMgviciRtkr
nigTsSnviTU
eKnaMKa
EsVgylGMBI
CeRmA
BiPBelak KW minTTYlykTsSn;cas Edlbgaj EtrUbragEdleyIgeXIj

tamckviJaNenaHeLIy
CaParkic rbsGkztrUb
(les apparences). mageT[t kickarenH:nkayeTA
(photographes) vij eTAehIy . viciRtkr eshSan
(Czanne, 1839_1906) van eh<ak (Van Gogh, 1853_ 1890)

h,h,aMg
nig
(Gauguin, 1848_1903) minylRsb nwg cknimitn (visions)
rbsbNaviciRtkr GarmNniym
(les impressionnistes) nigR:kdniym(les

15
nig CeRmA ehIy dakbJleTAkglMh. viciRtkrxHEdlCasavk nclna
(symbolisme) dUcCamUrU (Moreau, 1790_1862) rWWdug (Redon,
1840_1916) KIm
(Klimt, 1862_1918) minylza viJaNTaMgR:M
GacnaMeTArkkaryldwg BI
eRkamTiBl
rbs
tzPaB
kgDins<I
:neT .
(Kandinski,
KWBIeBlenaHmkehIy Edl
1866_1944)
maLWvic(
Malevitch, 1879_1935) KUbka (Kupka, 1871_1957) viciRtkm GrUbI

(peinture abstraite ou non-figura-tive) :ncabbdisni. enAkgvis&ytUrtRnI
vakEnr
maElr
(Wagner, 1813_1883) mUsS&rs<I (Moussorgski, 1839_1881)

(Malher, 1860_1911) nig eDb)UsSI (Debussy, 1862_1918)
CaBiess sunEb)r
(Musique srielle ou dodcaphonique de Schnberg,
1874_1951) :n rMedaHtUrtRnI ecjrYcBI reb[b rbs :k

1750) EdlCaEbbbTKMrU EtmYyKt enAGWrub
TsSnviTU nig KNitviTUGgeKs hS&k b)Ul
:n
sakl|gbeg,It
BICKNitmYYEbb
(Bach, 1685_
(lharmonie) . enAqaM 1847
(George Boole, 1815_1864)
(Lanalyse mathmatique de la
logique, 1947) EdlGacykeTAeZVICa Pasa skl enAkgvis&yepSg> eT[t

n viTasaRs . eTaHbI enAqaM 1854 elak :nCYb nwg karxVHxatCaeRcIn
edIm|IQan
o:ndl
eKaledA
d*
ZMeZgenHkI
16
k*
BICKNit
rbselak
CakarcabepImmYyd*sMxansRmabkarviPaKepSg> enAkg vis&y viTasaRsxH
mnusSmkRtwmkaruJPaB rbseK. nItS ylza KWRKwssasnaenHehIy Edl
(Frege, 1848_ 1925) nig Eb)rRtg
RKwssasna) Ca sIlZm( GaNitGasUrniym rbs GkexSayEtbueNaH.
enA stvtSr TI 20 Edr CaBiess CamUldan d*sMxan sRmabkarRsavRCav

tk,viTa nigKNitsaRs rbs eRhVsS
rUEsSl
(Bertrand Russel, 1872_1970).
edIm|Iylo:nc|as BI lkN; n RBwtikarN EdlekItmaneLIg enA
stvtSr TI
19 nig TI 20 eKRtUvdwgza TsSnviCa rbsmakS (le marxisme)
mYycMENk ehIymYycMENkeT[t TsSnviCamYycMnYneT[t EdlxusBI TsSn

viCa rbs makS dUcCa TsSnviCa rbs nItS
(le nietzschisme) CaedIm :n
CHTiBleTaelI GkecHdwgyagxaMgka. buEnedIm|IykTsSnviCaTaMgBIr RbePT
enHeTAeRbI kgeKaledA RbyuT neya:y eK:nnaMKa eZVIkarbkRsayxusBI
TsSnviCaedIm edaytekatERkg. GkEdlykRTwsI makSniym eTAbkRsay
:neZVImnusScuHexSay:tzamBlEmnETn rbsxnGs ehIysIlZm( (rbs

mnusSRtUvhatxnrsenAkgkarBit ehIyminRtUvtjEtr BIkarQWcab rbs xn
eLIy
(stocisme) EtRtUvksagxnedIm|IkayeTACa mnusSEdlRtUvedIrohYs
BI lkN;mnusS Edlsasna kMhito ehIy QaneTAeZVIGVI EdlCaZatuBit

rbs mnusS
(le devenir : deviens ce que tu es, volont de puissance ou
volont vers la puissance wille zur Matcht) . TsSn; rbs nItS :nRtUv
eKcatTukzaCaTsSnviCa
tn&yniymskm
(le nihilisme actif) . nItSmin
ylRsbnwg TsSnviCa sm&yTMenIbeT CaBiessTsSnviCa
Gskm
tn&yniym
(nihilisme passif) eRJHelakylza CakarnaMeTArkPaBcuHdundab
edIm|I buBVehtuneya:y manCaGaT elnIn, emA es Tug, bul Bt . l. rI
n bsimelak. elak minylRsb nwgralTsSnviCa EdlBMuRBmTTYlyk
Edr
za RBH:nTTYlmrNkal:teTAehIy
TsSnviCa rbs nItS
(Nietzsche) k*RtUveKykeTAbkRsayxus dUcKaGIucwg
(le nazisme). CakarBitNasEdlza TsSnviCa rbs makS manTiBl
d*xaMgka ehIymanRbCaRbiyPaBCag TsSnviCa rbs nItS buEnGVIEdl:neZVI

oBiPBelak mankarERbRbYl KW cMNucBIrsMxan ? cMeJHmakS KW TsSnviCa
rUbZatuniym
(le matrialisme) ehIycMeJH nItS KW mnusSRtUvQaneTAdl
kRmitbJamYyd*xsbMput
(le surhomme) edIm|IedIrtYnaTICMnYsRBHEdleKcab
epImylzaCa CMen]EdlKanmUldan. cMeJH nItS eKRtUvEbgEckoc|as rvag

TsSnviCa tn&yniym
(le nihilisme) EdlmnusSGssgwmyagxaMg kal
ebIdwgza BiPelakKanRBHRKbRKg nig CYyykGasa mnusSelak. TsSnviCa
rbs Gktn&yniym GacnaMeTArkPaBGnaZibety. buEncMeJH nItS mnusS

RtUvvileTArk
tzPaBedIm
(munRKwssasna) vij eJlKW CIvitBitR:kd
(lternel retour nig volont de puissance ) KW karedIrohYsBI karbRgYm

17
CIvit ehIyEdlnaMomnusS cuHexSay.
TsSnviCaenH EdlcabepImBIkaryl
(Dieu est mort) :nCHTiBleTA
elITsSnviTU mYycMnYn enAqaM 1960 . TnwmenaH TsSnviTU n CIvitKan
GaTieTBRKbRKg
CIvit Casad rbs mnusSxng
dUcCa saRt
(J.P.
Sartre), kamus (Albert Camus), hV)kUl (Michel Foucault), hSIt (Andr
Gide), GaEdr (A. Adler) yug (Carl Jung) hdWEh<r (Heidegger), malrU
(Andr Malreaux), valeLrIu
(Valry ) man (Thomas Mann), RhVy (Freud
CaedIm k*:nCHTiBl eTAelIyuvCnCMnaneRkay yagxaMgkaNasEdr. enA

qaM 1930 TsSnviCa rbs nIt:nRtUveKylRcLMedayBYkNahI :nyk
RTwsIenH eTAbkRsay xusBIKMnitedIm. buEn bnabBI GtbTTaMgmUl :nRtUv

bkERbehIy e:HBumpSay enAqaM 1960 eTIb bJvn :raMg ylTsSnviCa
18
enH :nRtwmRtUvvijehIy ykeTAeZVICamUldanedIm|IRbqaMgnwgTsSnviCaehh<wl

niym
(hglianisme) EdlkMBugeBjniym Etmg .
lMnaMedIm
cabtaMgBITsSvtSr 1930 mk RbelamelakExr:nRtUve:HBumpSay.
KWCaelIkdMbUgehIyEdlbJvnExrsm&yTMenIb :nbeJjsadrbseK . Gk
TaMgenH suTEt:nsikSaenAsala Edl:raMg :nbeg,ItenARsukExr. sala
RBHsIusuvtiEdl:nRtUvbeg,ItenAqaM 1873 :nkayeTACaviTal&ysIusuvti enA

qaM 1933 ehIy CaCRmk rbs GkRbqaMg nwg rdGMNac. GnaKtbJvnExr
sMxan>eRcIn EtecjBIviTal&yenH. salaTaMgenH :nebIkpvoGkEdl:n

bJbmZmsikSa GaceTA bnviCatmsikSa enATIRkughaNUy nig enARsuk
:raMg. KWcab taMgBIsm&yenaH mkehIyEdlGkecHdwgExrCMnaneRkay :n
kekIteLIg ehIycabepImeZVIskmPaB ksag sg<mExrsm&yTMenIbyag xaMg
ka. enAqaM 1936 sWn guk zan beg,It kaEst nKrvt ehIy enAqaMdEdlenaH
sisS viTal&ysIusuvti :nnaMKa eZVI:tukm RbqaMg nwg rd:l:raMg. enAqaM
1942 :tukm edj:raMg ecjBIRsuk:npHeLIg eRkamkardwknaM rbs sWn
guk zaj . GkEdl:ncUlrYmkg:tukmenaH manCaGaT ? GacarEhm ec[v
elak :c QWn elak b)un can mul CaedIm. enARsuk:raMg nisSitExr
eZVIskmPaBneya:y yagmmajwk. eKGacniyay:nzaenAeBlenaH sg<m
ExrcabepImbrrcnasm&nsg<m nigvb|Zm( CaBiessvb|Zm( nig sab&nrdExr.
enAkgn&yenH eKGaceRb{beZ[bkarvitn d*xaMgenH eTAsPaBkarN enARbeTs
:raMg nastvtSr TI 18 :nxH Edr buEn tamrUbPaBmYyedayELk n bribT

nsg<mmYyEdlvivttamsRmYl. bdivtn n karbrrcnasm&nvb|Zm( nig kar
pasbrsab&ndwknaM :nRbRBwteTA edayKankarRbqaMgGVI CadMukMPYn eRkABITMnas

19
20
nig karRbQmmuxedayminecjmux rvag GkTMn[mTmabniym nig Gksm&y

TMenIb. rIGkdwknaMtamEbbbTRbBNI k*minTatecalkarvivtnenHTaMgRsugEdr
enAkgkrNIEdlKankardeNImGMNac. eTaHCayagenHkI k* enATIbMput karbH

Tg<ic k* CakareKcBMuputEdr cabtaMgBIqaM 1952 mk CaBiess enAqaM 1967.
enAkgkarvivtn n vb|Zm( RBHsgenAtamvtGaram mantYnaTId* sMxan
minRtwmEtkgkarkarJrvb|Zm(Cati nig karrIkceRmIn nGkSrsaRsExrbueNaH
EzmeT[t
sg nig bJvnsm&yTMenIbeLIy elIkElgecjEt krNIBiess bueNaH

EdlTakTg nwg TsSnaTan PasaExr.
karsikSaGMBIsg<mExr tamviZIsaRs CatiBnviTa
(ethnologie) BMuGacman
lkN;RKbRCugeRCay nig R:kdniymeT . ebInwgeRbIviZIsaRs rcnasm&nvIZI

tamEbb kt eLvIRss k*eXIjza manlkN; nwgz,l
(statique) eBkEdr.
cabtaMgBIqaM 1905 mk CaBiess cabtaMgBIqaM 1930 mk sg<mExrcab

epIm man karERbRbYl
CasnSwm> . dUcenH eKKYr
eZVIkarsikSa tammum
karvivtn vij
(dynamique). enAkgkrNI n karsikSasg<mExr cabtaMgBI
hSg DuyvIj
(Jean Duvignaud, 1921_2007) KW viZIsaRs CMenarGarmN
qaM 1930 enaH mk x\Mylza viZIsaRs rbs sg<mviTU nig GkniBn :raMg
sg<msaRs
tamkarBit
(imagination sociologique)
KWCa
sil|armNviZI
Edl
sg<mExr ; karpasbr rcnasm&nvb|Zm( nig

sab&nneya:y enAkgGPiRkmTMenIbkm
mIsSWeL
(Michelet) :lhSak
Proust) :neRbIedayeCaK C&yrYcmkehIy> Edl Duyvj ykmkeRbICa

mag
eT[t
sg<mviTUGaemrik
sak
rayem[l
(Charles Wright Mills, 1916-1962) :nykkugsib enHmkeZVI visalPaB

21
enAcugraC hgsIusuvti elak esIn eD[b
(1850_1920/) Edl:n
eTAcUlrYm kgBiBN( enATIRkug:rIs qaM 1900 :nniBn sadmYy mancMNg

eCIgza el|IkBIRsukRBnKr eTARKug:raMegSs enATItaMtuH
niyayer[brabBI
smsS nrdZanI:raMg . RbelamelakEpkkaresIubGeg,tExr elIkdMbUgbgs
k* ecjCarUbrag enAqaM 40 enaHEdr . enAqaM 1941 elak Ehl s)Mupa Edl

Rbkbmuxrbr CaecARkm :necjsadmYy mancMNgeCIgza ecarbiTmux .
mYy qaMeRkaymk RbelamelakExrcabepImepatGarmN eTAelIsg<mExr tam

ry; er]gesha EttamkarBit KWCa karsikSasg<msaRs mYyEbb d*sMxan .
KwwenA kgn&yenHehIy EdlenAqaM 1942 elak rIm KIn (1911_1959) GtIt

sisSsala :raMg_Exr DUda DWLaeeRK
(cole Doudart de Lagre) nig Gnu
viTal&y sIusuvti :nsresr RbelamelakmYy mancMNgeCIgza sUpat .
manklN;smRsbCag .
(Balzac) h<ysav pEb)r (Gustave Flaubert) marEsl RBus (Marcel

viZIsaRssg<mviTaEtmg.
(kugsib sIBI karkekIt nig karRtYtRta n vrCnEdlkanGMNac
enAkgsg<mGaemrik, GMNac n sab&n) .
eT KWEzmTaMgcUlrYmcMENk kgkarRbqaMgnwg:raMg RBmTaMgGMeBIGyutiZm(enAkg
sg<mpgeT[t. RbkarEdlKYroktsMKal KWeKBMueXIjmanGariPaBGVI rvag RBH
Concepts de Charles Wright Mills : Formation et domination de llite
du pouvoir dans la socit amricaine, le pouvoir institutionnel,

3
sresr CaGkraviruT bcb|n ; el|IkBIRsukRBnKr eTATIRkug:raMgess enA
TItaMgtu . sUmGan malIbTGkSrsil|ExrstvtS TI 20 rbselak XIg huk

DI TMB&r 59.
22
TnwmenaH elak:nniBner]g CaeRcIneT[t nig bkERber]g:raMgmYycMnYn

Ca
dUc
manmat enAkgsg<m eJlKW GkmanGMNac bnicbnc Edlesc:nRbTan
(1916_1975)
:nmk BINa . buEn GkEdl:ner[nsURt RbqaMg nwg TsSn;enH yageBj
Le Cid rbs kvI :raMgk&rNI, Sans famille rbs ehcT&r maL CaedIm.
GtItsisS GnuviTal&y sIusuvti makeT[t eQaH nU hac
:necjpSay RbelamelakmYyeT[t d*l|I KWer]g p,aRseJn enAqaM 1949.

enATsvtSr
1940
enaHEdr
elak
jk
Ezm
(1903-1974) GkR:C\
GkSrsaRsExrmak Edl:nsikSaBuTsasna yageRCARCH enATIRkug:gkk

:necjpSayRbelamelakBIr mYyman cMNgeCIgza bisacesaha (1942)
ehIymYyeT[tmancMNg eCIgza kulabblin
(1943) . Rbelamelak TaMg
BIrenH eRkamrUbPaBn er]geshaCa Rbelamelaksg<msaRs d*sMxan Edl

qHbJaMgsg<mExrenAkgraChg munIvgS nigedImrCkal hg neratm sIhnu.
enAsm&yenaH sg<mExrkMBuge:HCMhanyagskm cUleTAkgGPiRkm TMenIbkm
tamry;vb|Zm(:raMg CaBiess karniym kvIrUmgTik
(bUl nig ev[rhSInI
rbs Eb)rNadaMg dW saMgEBr) kvIZmCatiniym (Gkra nmasIunkinRsUv rbs
o ebIBMuenaHesat KW esdIEdlCa GkmanR:kkas snwksnab edaymindwg

TMhwg. GkniBnExrenAsm&yenaH dUc Ca elak rIm KIn elak nU hac k*
elak jk EzmCaedIm eTaHCaenAman karjejItjejIm enAeLIy kgkarriHKn

TsSn;enH
k*CaGkEdlminylRsbnwg TsSn;enHEdr . enAkg er]g sUpat
elak rIm KIn minylza BYkKhbtI suTEt mancit#sSa TaMgGs enaHeT

rIGkEdlecjmk BI RbPBRkIRk k*minEmn enARkIRketakyakrhUtenaHEdr ebI
eKxMRbwgERbger[nsURt nigmankarBayamkgkargar. enAkger]g kulabblin

elak jk Ezm pSHpSa yuvCn nwg esdI tamry; esckIesha rvag yuCn
RkIRk eQaHecAciRt nig nag XunnarI kUnRsI rbs esdI rtnsm|ti ehIyeC]
eTAelIkarecHdwg nig karBayamkgkargar CagkareRbIGMNac rbs kUnmRnI.

enAkger]g bisacesha elakviPaKyagR:kdniym GMBI tmPaB n esckI
xM\ rbs GalhVgs dUeD) RBmTaMg kvI vicarNniym (LWsIut rbs EBr k&r
esha eTAelImenaseJtnabgbn . RbelamelakeRkaymkeT[t
nastvtSrTI 17 (sadmYycMnYn rbs mUElr) . citKMnityuvCnExr enAeBl
GyutiZm( nig TsSn;xusq<g rbsrd:l nig Gakb|kiya skiPUmi rbs
CIvittamkarkMhit rbsBukmay buEn cabtaMgBIsm&yqaM 1930_40 enaHmk
sadmYymancMNgeCIgza vasna n nagNaRKI . KWCa RbelamelakmYy
NI) nig kvI EdlriHKn reb[brsenA n sg<mRBNitniym enARsuk:raMg
enaHcabepImmankarERbRbYl.
tamTMn[mTmabExrtaMgBIedImmk
narIRtUvksag
narITamTar siTierIsKURskredayxngbNalomanTMnaskgRKYsar. esckI

bgR:za rbsBukmayenAeBlenaH KWcgokUnRsI er[bkar CamYyGkmanmux
sUmGan es[vePA malIbTGkSrsil|Exr stvtSTI 20 rbs bNit XIg
huk DI
ditions de la plus haute tour, 2002, e:HBum edaybNaKar Gg<r ,
PMeBj.
23
cabBIqaM
1950mk eZVIkarriHKnTsSn; nMominZMCagnaLi enHyagxaMg CaBiessGMeBI

namWun. enAqaM 1952 GkRsI s)uy eh[g
(ekItenAqaM 1929) :necjpSay
niyayBI esaknadkm nRKYsar rbs nagenAeBlEdl
kgT&Bsm&n mit
[Gaemrik_:raMg_GgeKs] TmakRKabEbk kMeTcmUldan eyaZaCbun enAqaM
1945 RBmTaMgkarelIkeLIg nUv TsSn;zImYy sRmabsg<mExr edIm|Iksag

RbeTseLIgvij. GkRsIs)uy eh[g GMJvnav oyuvCnExr naMKaRbkbmuxrbr
CaJNiCkr (Edlmann&yza kMuonaMKaeZVIEtnamWun). enAqaM 1947 elak nU kn

Edl:nniBner]gTavk enAqaM 1942 :necjpSay RbelamelakmYy man
24
cMNgeCigza tugQin EdlCaer]gRbvtisaRs TakTg nwg er]gesha
(kar
saRsExr mankarrIkceRmInd*xaMgka . RBWtikarN d* sMxanmYy KW kare:HBum
EdlkalBIenACasisSviTal&ysIusuvti :nEtg er]gelan BIr _sacBMu:nsIu
cvnanuRkmenH :ncabkMeNIteLIg enAqaM 1905 tamry; KNkmkarmYyRkum
RtUveRCIserIs rbsesc rvag esha nig RbeTsCati) . elak ekg vansak
ykqwgBrk (1944) nig GniteKaelat (1945) _ :nniBnbTkMNaB mYy

cMnYn enAeBlEdlelakRtLbmkBIsikSaenARbeTs:raMg KW citRkmMu
(1954)
Kukkamkiels (1956) . elak ekg vansak CaRBwTburs mhaviTal&y

GkSrsaRs nigmnusSsaRs nig Canayk viCasanKruekasl naqaM 1958_
1960 . enAqaM 1964 elak:nsresr sikSakzamYy d*sMxan mancMNg
pSayRKaTI 4 (qaM 1967) n vcnanuRkmExr edayviCasanBuTsasnbNit.

ZM eRkamkardwknaM rbs semcRBHsgraC KN;mhanikay CYn Nat.
nisSitExrEdl:necjeTAeZVIkarsikSa
enARbeTs:raMgmundMbUgbgs
eCIgza mUlPaB n karbeg,ItJkzI edIm|IplvisalPaBeTAoPasaExr Edl

xVHkecksBsRmabnaMmknUv bJti
(concepts) EdlCa Pasaskl. cab
taMgBIqaM 1950 rhUtdl qaM 1975 RbelamelakExr :nRtUveKniymeRcIn

enAkgcMeNam saZarNCn EdlRsLajGkSrsaRs.
:neRCIserIsykmUlbT Ebk>eT[t
GkniBn naqaM 50
dUcCa RbvtisaRs karesIubGeg,t
carkm nig sg<msaRs RBmTaMger]gvinadkm CaeRcInRbePT
(esha nig kar
RbkanGkmanGkRk, citrbsRsI EdlsitenA rvag eshBit nig karkMhit
rbs Bukmay rvagkaresaHRtg nigkarksagCIvitmYyz,Mez,Ig, Civit rkaMrkUs

kgRKYsar .l.). enATsvtS 1950 enaH elak b)Iv q lag :nniBn
er]gRbvtisaRsCaeRcIn EdlmanlkN; RbhakRbEhl nwg er]gpSgeRBg
rbs GkniBn:raMg GaeLcsgRd Duymas. enATsvtSr 1960 GkSr
enAcenaHqaM 1905_1907 sala :raMg_Exr cabepIm kekIteLIg Cabn
bnab ehIy manenAswgRKbmNl
GkniBnRbCaRbiy manCaeRcIn tKNna dUcCa ? KIm Est, CU zanI, ecA
RKwsa
(neratm cnrgSI ), PIlI zun, Kg< b)uneQ]n, rvivgS eKaviT .l. suMGan
es[vePA malIbTGkSrsil|ExrstvtSTI 20 rbs bNit XIg huk DI,
di-
tiond de la plus haute tout, 2002, e:HBum edaybNaKar Gg<r , PMeBj.

25
. enAqaM 1907 mancMnYnTaMgGs 18 .
enAPMeBj mansalaEbbenH cMnYn 3 (sala neratm, DUda DWLaeRK, RhVgsIu
h,arej ) . enAqaM 1911 man salakCnBIr sRmabnarI KW sala sutart

nig malika . cMeJH sala sIusuvti GaLaMg hVVers sresrza BIqaM 1913
mkqaM 1920 sisS mancMnYn RbEhlBI 101 nak (qaM1913) mk 129 nak
(qaM1920) 7. sala :raMg_ExrEdlmansisSeRcInCageK KW sala DUda dW

6
eyageTAtames[vePA
Le Cambodge et la colonisation franaise rbs
GaLaMg hVers, LHarmattan, Paris, 1980, . p. 152.
7
5
BI qaM 1907 mk qaM 1920 enAtamExRt ? kMBt (Rbus ; BI 20 nak mk
170 nak; narI ; BIqaM 1918 mk 1920 man BI 25 nak mk 30 nak), kMBg
sW (Rbus ; BIqaM 11910 mk qaM 1920 ;
cam
BI 10 nak mk 120 nak
) kMBg
(Rbus ; BI 85 mk 205 nak; narI ; BI 7 nak mk 16 nak) RBEvg
(Rbus BI 26 nak mk 74 nak ) :tdMbg ( Rbus ; BI 140nak enAqaM 1907

26
LaeRK
( sisSmancMnYn 450 nak enAqaM 1911 ). ebIbUksrubcMnYnsisS TaMg
bRtCaeRcIn manCaGaTsJabRtxagc|ab nig viTasaRsneya:y. enAeBl
1912 sisSEdlRtUvbJnoeTAeZVIkarsikSa enARbeTs:raMg mancMnYn 5 nak
k*RtLbmkvijEdr edIm|IBRgwgKNbkSRbCaZibety. enAEx sIhaqaM 1949
Gs enAqaM
1921 KW RsI mancMnYn 495 nak Rbusman 5351 nak. enAqaM
enAkgenaH kUnmRnI man 2 nak. GkEdlRtUveKbJnmk Rsuk:raMg enAeBl

eRkaymkeT[t eRcInEtCakUnGPiCn dUcCa RBHGg<mas sIusuvti munIvgS
(RBH
mhakSRtExr BI qaM 1927 mk qaM 1941), RBHGg<mas sIusuvti v&DqayavgS
(naykrdmRnI qaM 1947 ) RBHGg<mas nrinedt RBHGg<mas ritarasIu CaedIm.

enAqaM 1931 GkGg<massIusuvti yutivgSeTAeZVIkarsikSaenARsuk:raMg
(rhUt
dlqaM 1946). enARsuk:raMg GkGg<masyutivgS er[n:n sJabRtbNit
rdxagviTasaRs ehIycUlCasmaCikKNbkSsg<mniym:raMg. eBlRtLb

mkRsukExrenAqaM 1946 sIusuvti yutivgS CaGkdwknaMKNbkSRbCaZibety.
GkEdl:n mksikSaenARbeTs:raMg BIrrUbeT[t enACMnanenaH KWelak Qan

vm elak zun G)uk. enAqaMdEdlenaH CYn mum ecjdMeNIreTAsikSa enARbeTs
:raMg
rhUt:nsJabRtbNitKNitsaRs
salaBhubeckeTs
(cole
bkSkumynis:raMg enHebItamkar:nsanrbs RbvtiviTU edvId cinEdr
(David
Polytechnique) . enA qaM 1951 elak RbEhlCa:ncUlCasmaCik KN

P. Chandler, Pol Pot Frre Numro Un, Plon, 1992, p. 52) . elak ekg
vansak k*mker[nenARsuk:raMgenAqaM 1946 enaHEdr . elak manKMniteC]n
el]nniym
(progressiste) buEn mincUlKNbkSkumyniseT. KWenAqaM 1946
enaHEdrEdlelak sm sarI mksikSaenARbeTs:raMg. elak:nTTYlsJa
EdlRTgyutivgSRtLbmkRsukExr bJvn 2 rUb KW elak Qan vm
saLt sr eday mankarbtm BIKNbkS RbCaZibety

tamk:l La hSamaG)Ik
19 nak enAqaM 1915) .
; cMnYnnarI cuHzyBI 27 nak enAqaM 1913 mk
(La Jamaque) mker[nenARsuk:raMg
sr :nCYb yuvCnmYyRkum enAelIk:l
. saLt
La Jamaque enaH KW ecA esg, mIu
1950 :nRtLbmk RsukExrvij enAqaM 1957 bnabBI:n TTYlsJabRt

bNitrd xagc|abenAqaM 1957. enAqaM 1950enaH elak:nbeg,ItsmaKm
mitExrenARbeTs:raMg
(LAmicale des Cambodgiens en France) CamYy
elak emA say elak sm sarI
10
elak RBM zus, elak Lg Ebt, lI
cinlI . KWCa smaKm EdlCaKURbECg rbs smaKm
sm&nnisSitExr
U.
E. K . EdlRtvbeg,ItenAqaM 1956 bnabBI smaKmnisSitExr A.E.K. :n
KNbkS RbCaZibety enAeBlenaH RtUv:raMgKabsg,tyagxaMgCaBiess
elak Xwn Eq EdlCamitrYmzak elak Ehm cMerIn. smaCikKNbkS RbCaZib
ety xHeT[t manCaGaT elak sWn san (RtLbBIRsuk :raMgenAqaM 1935

bnabBI :nsJabRt viCaCanxs xag JNiCkm, HEC
) elak sun vWuns
(eTAsikSaviCa visVkm cole centrale enAqaM 1930 RtLbmkRsukExrvij enAqaM

9
10
Pol Pot Frre Numro Un, David P. Chandler, Plon, Paris, 1992, p. 50
elak sm sarI eTAer[nenARsuk :raMg enAqaM 1946
ehIyRtLbmkmatuRbeTsvij enAqaM 1950.

27
:neZVIdMeNIr
man, mIu pat, G)uc Evn. elak Duk rasIu Edlmker[nenARsuk:raMgenAedImqaM
1939
mk 150 nak enAqaM 1916
zun G)uk
28
RtUv:raMgbiTecal
neratm sIhnu
11
enAqaM
1952
tamesckIesIsMurbs
RBHmhakSRtExr
(smaKmenH:nRtUvbeg,It enA qaM1946 EdlkalenaH man
elak eG[ sIucUv CaRbZan nig elak Eym sarug CaGk<elxaZikar).
Km nisSitExr
kaledImeLIy CasmaKm EdlmanGkCatiniym
sma
(eG[ sIucUv)
pHExr
:nRtUvsmaZenAz 20 sIhaqaM 1957 eRkamGZibtI semc neratm
sIhnu . enAqaM 1960

rasIu
smaKmmitExrenARbeTs:raMg
) :n rMlaycUl CamYy
mYyeT[tman
eQaHza
smaKmExr
(emA say, Duk
(A.K.) edIm|Ibeg,ItsmaKm
C.K.O.M. (Communaut des
Cambodgiens
nigGkRbCaZibety (Eym sarug) CaGkdwknaM buEn cabtaMgBIeBlEdlelak
dOutre- mer, shKmnExr naysmuRT) . smaKmExr :nRtUvbeg,IteLIg
man elak h)U yn CaRbZan. smaKm
ecA esg GY Ca RbZan . rI smaCik epSg>eT[t man CaGaT ? DI :ELn,
eG[ sIucUv RtLbeTARsukExr:teTA :nkayeTACa smaKmmakSniym eday

sm&nnisSitExr
Edlbeg,ItenAqaM
enAz 27 kum;qaM 1955 . enAeBlenaH smaKm Ga ka
1956 CasmaKmEdlmanninakarkumynis. munRBwtikarNenH KWenAqaM 1950
rUehS kusl, saEmr
:n :nbeg,ItkwbmakSniymmYyEdlman h)U yn, CYn mum, ekg vansak,
sIhnu. rIsmaKmeskum
nisSitExrmYyRkum Edlmanninakar makSniym nig kumynis Etmg k*Gacza
plKun,
RsI
(A.K.) man elak
bug. smaKmenH EdlmanGayu
qaMbueNaH man karKaMRTBIelak jwk CULg EdlCaesnak rbs semc
(C.K.O.M.) EdlmanGayu 6 qaM man smaCik

(RbZan), Lg Ebt, G)uy patNa, PU sIu
bul Bt CaedImCasmaCik. enATsvtSr 1950 yuvCnExr mYYycMnYnEdl:n
sMxan> dUcteTA ? Ca z esg
Edll|I CageK manCaGaT ex[v sMpn h)U yn EdlCa Gkbeg,Itkwb makS
semc nertm sIhnu mkRsuk:raMg enAEx sIhaqaM 1967 samaKmmYyeT[t
bJb karsikSamZmsikSaenARsukExr k*mksikSaenARbeTs:raMgEdr. Gk
niym enA RbeTs:raMg. enAqaM 1951 sWn gukzaj:nRtUv:raMgedaHElg
G)uy,
bUramI CULg, nut Narag, cMerIn sMeG]n . enAqaM 1965 bnabBI
eQaH
smaKmTUeTA n CnCatiExr enARsuk:raMg
A.G.C.A.F.(Association
oRtLbmk matuPUmivij buEn rteTA ts)UkgRB enAqaM 1952 CamYyelak
Gnrale des Cambodgiens en France) :ncabbdisni (1965). eKaledA
:neTAbMeBjviCaenARsuk:raMg. edIm|Iec[svagkMuonisSitExr eTAsakGaRs&y
Exr
eG[ sIucUv elak hgS Znhak. enAqaM 1950_1960 yuvCnExrCaeRcIn

enA
pHsMNak sRmabnisSitmkBINcin
kumynis
(Maison dIndochine) rdExr:nsagsgpH sMNakmYysRmab
nisSitExr enA burIskl viTal&yTIRkug:rIs
11
EdlkalenaHCa sMbuknisSit
(Pavillon du Cambodge) .
TakTg nwgbJanisSitExrenARsuk:raMg sUmGanes[vePA rbs elakRsI
marIu GaeLcsgRDIn martaMg
(Le Mal cambodgien, Marie Alexandrine Mar-
n smaKmenH KWbJlsmaKm
eskum
mkCamYy smaKm
(U.E.K.) Edlman ninakar kumynis . mundMbUg edaysmaKm A.G.
C.A.F. man semc sIhnu CaGkbRgYbbRgYm smaKm
sm&nnisSitExr
(U.E.K.) k*suxcit. buEnenATIbMput EbrCarkelseKc:teTAvijeTA (kalenaH
G)uy GW ka manelak es[g hak CaGkdwknaM) . tamkarBit smaKm
GaehSkahV
man
ParkicKaMRT
clna
sg<mraRsniym
eRkaymk crnsaM n smaKm GaehSkahV
30
enARbeTs:raMg.
(Lg Ebt) k*Elgmanmux ehIy
RtUv CMnYseday eQ[g Kwm sYr EdlCaGkkNalniym.
tin, Hachette, Paris, 1989) .

29
sm&nnisSit
cabtaMgBIedImqaM 1950 enaHEdr nisSitExrmYycMnYn Edl:neTAer[nenA
Rsuk:raMgenATsSvtSr 1940 ehIy EdlmanninakareqVgniym
(GkceRmIn
niym eC]nel]nniym) nigkumynis :nRtLbmkRsukExrvijCabnbnab.
ex[v buNarI Priya rbssaLt sr EdlmkdlRsukExrenAqaM 1951 Rbkb

muxrbrCasaRsacar.
elak ekg vansak RtLbmkvijenAqaM 1952 elak
:nTTYleCaKC&y
d*RtcHRtcg
kgkare:HeqatsPaZmnuJ
Edl:raMg:n
beg,It ehIyEdl:nnaMmko RbeTskmCa nUv rbbmYyzI (raCaniymGaRs&y

rdZmnuJ). enAeBle:HeqatsPa eRkaymkeT[t KNbkS RbCaZibety k*
TTYlC&yCMnHEdr CaehtueZVIo:raMg manmankar:rmyagxaMg xacERkg KN

bkS RbCaZibety manTMnakTMng CamYyBYkev[tmij EdlCasRtUvrbseK
CYn mum enAqaM 1954 sun esn enAqaM 1956 eG[g sarI enAqaM 1957 .
enAeBlenaH. mageT[t KNbkS esrIPaB Edl:raMg:nbeg,ItehIyEdl
Edr. GkmakSniymExrCMnanTI 2 EdleTAbMeBjviCaenARsuk:raMgenAqaM 1955
ry;sPaBkarNenH eKGacniyay:nza kitanuPaB rbs KNbkS RbCaZib
nisSitExrxH EdlmanninakaresrIniym k*vilmkvij enATsvtSr 1950 enaH
sit enAeRkamkardwknaM rbs RBHGg<mas nrinedt k*TTYlbraC&yeT[t . tam
:nRtLbmkvijenAcugTsvtSr 50. ex[v sMpn Edl:neTAsikSaxagviTa
ety enAeBlenaH manktaBIrsMxan KWmYy kitnuPaBpal rbs GkGg<mas
mkRsukvij enAqaM 1959 ehIycUlCasmaCik clna sg<mraRsniym rbs
Cik n KNbkSenH. GkraCkar EdlcabepIm mankarecHdwg nig cabepImKit
saRsesdkicenAmugEblel bnabmk enATIRkug:rIsenAqaM 1955 :nvil
yutivgS ehIy ktamYyeT[t KW kmviZIneya:y niglkNsm|ti rbs sma
semc neratm sIhnu enAqaMdEdl. buEn mYyqaMeRkaymk ex[v sMpn :n
KUrer]g RbeTsCati tamEbbbTRbCaZibety :nnaMKae:HeqatoGkRbCaZib
12
RbeTskmCakMBugEtpasbrrcnasm&nvb|Zm( nig neya:yCasnSwm> taMg
beg,ItkaEstCaPasa:raMg
LObservateur (Gkseg,tkarN). bnabBI:n
RtUv CabKuk CagmYyEx sMpn cUlCa skmCn n
bkSkumyniskmCa
(P.C. K.) e nAqaM 1967.
PaKeRcIn n GkEdl:neZVIkarsikSa enARbeTs:raMg ehIyEdl:n
RtLbmkkmCavij taMgBIqaM 1946 mk :nnaMKaTamTarkraCBI:raMg yag
sVitsVaj. GkGg<mas sIusuvti yutivgS nig bJvnmYycMnYndUcCaelaksium
va elak eG[v kwH CaedIm eZVIkarts)U tamry;KNbkS RbCaZibety Edl
12
bkSkumyniskmCa
Ca bkSEdl saLt sr ehA bul Bt
enAqaM 1966 bnabBI:npacxnbnicmg> BI bkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa
:nbeg,It
Edl:n
RtUvbeg,ItenAqaM 1951 ehIyEdlkalenaH man sWn guk mij, TU samut, es[v

ehg CaGkdwknaM.
31
etyyagsnwksnab. enHCacMNucmYyd*sMxansMrabkarsikSasg<msaRs.
BIeBlenaHmk. enAqaM 1947 GkGg<masyutivgS cUlCIvg<t ehIy enAedImqaM
1950 elak eG[v kwH RtUveKKbRkabEbkeZVIXat enATIsakkarKNbkS. taMg

BIeBlenaHmk
KNbkSRbCaZibety
:n:tbg
nUvzamBledImrbsxn.
sUmktsMKalza TnwmenaHEdr manclnats)U TamTar kraCBI:raMg bIeT[t
KW clna rbs sWn guk mij ehAGacarmanEdlman ev[tmijenABIeRkay

clna rbselak sWn guk zan Edl:ndwknaM mha:tukmedj:raMg enA
Exkk,daqaM 1942 ehIyEdlrteTARbeTsCbun enAeBlEdl:raMg cabGacar
Ehm
ec[v
elak
b)un
can
mul
nig
Gkts)UmYycMnYneT[teTAdakKukenA
ekaHRtLac. clnamYyeT[t KW clna rbsGkGg<mas neratm cnrgSI
EdlkarJr rbb raCaniymCaBiess raCvgS neratm. enAqaM 1945 sWn guk

32
zaj eLIgeZVICa naykrdmRnI enAeBlEdl CbunkabGMNac enARsukExr .
ExrBIbsimRbeTs edIm|IykRbeTscinkumynis eZVICamhamitBiess. enAqaM
RtLbmkvij ehIy dakRBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu ositenAeRkam GaNa
RBHbita edIm|IcUlRbLkedaypal kgqakneya:y. enAqaM 1959 TMnas
buEn eRkaybraC&y rbskgT&BCbun enAkgsRg<amelak elIkTI 2 :raMg k*
Ba:l rbs :raMg bnmkeT[t . enAeBlEdlKNbkS RbCaZibety
:tbg GkdwknaM sMxan> smaCikxH cgereTArk RBHmhakSRtExrvij .

enAqaM
1952
edayman
karCMruj
BI:raMg
RBHmhakSRtExr
vilmkkab
GMNacvij tamry;maRta 21 n rdZmnuJ (kaEst LW mugd catTuk karvil
mkkanGMNacvij rbs RBHmhakSRt enH zaCa
rdRbharRsbc|ab
1955 RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu :ndakraC zVayeTA RBHmata nig

rvag RBH mhakSRt nig elak sm sarI EsgecjeLIgyagc|as . eq{t
Okaselak
sm
sarI
manbJaRKYsar
enATIRkugLgRd
(semc neratm
sIhnu :nnireTs elak sm sarI omkeZVICa kGK<raCTUt enARbeTs
GgeKs) semc neratm sIhnu dkxno:nqay bMputBI vrCnExrrUbenH
EdlRBHGg<dwgyagc|asza xusBIRBHGg< sm sarI CaGkEdlminRtUv nwg
Zibety elak h)uy Knl nisSitExrenARsuk :raMg :nnaMKa ez,aleTas
rbbsg<mraRsniym (Edl elak sm sarI :nxitxMCYybeg,It) ecaTelakza
luH:nGMNac mkvijehIy RBHmhakSRtExr k* cabepImTamTar kraCBI
rbs elaksWn guk zaj Edl:nrtcUlRBenAqaM 1952. buEn CaGkuss
GPirkSniym mYycMnYndUc Ca elak jwk CULg nig elak sm sarI CaedIm.
cabtaMg BI qaM 1960 mk qaM 1970 RbeTskmCa eRkamkardwknaM rbs
( Coup dEtat lgal ) . enAeBlEdl RBHmhakSRt TmakrdaPi:l RbCa

RBHmhakSRtyagxaMg (CaBiess elak h)U yn nig elak ekg vansak) .
:raMg edaytbgg edayman karcUlrYmcMENkyag skm BI bJvnsaM
enAcugqaM
1953
:raMg:nRbKlkraCmkoExr.
RbeTskumynis eLIy . cab taMgBIqaM 1959 mk elak sm sarI :nRtUv
CaCnk|tCatiEtmg. eRkay mk elak sm sarI cUleTA kg clna ExresrI
elakRtUveKlYceZVIXat enAkgsanPaBmYy d* Gaz(kM:Mg.
snisITGnrCatiTIRkug
semc neratm sIhnu Edl:nRtUvEtgtaMg CaRbmuxrd edaysPaTaMgBIr enA
ylc|asBI karKMramkMEhg BI sMNakRbeTskumynis :nesIoRbeTs
enaHsitenAeRkamkardwknaM rbs emA esTug. GtItnisSitExrenARsuk:raMg na
hSWENv :nbJakBI lkN;GnrCati n kraCExr. elak sm sarI Edl

mhaGMNacZanakraCenH o:nRtwmRtUv CaBiess sMuoExrman sTibribUr
kgkareRCIserIs
sm&nmit
rbsxn.
karts)U
d*sMxanenH
cMeJHRbvti
saRsExr :nRbRBwteTA GseBjmYyyb . eenATIbMput elak mULtuhV Gk
qaM 1960enaHmk :ncgmitPaBBiess CamYyRbeTscinkumynisEdlkal

TsvtSr 1940 Edl:nRtLbmkmatuRbeTsvij enAqaM 50-60 cabepImeZVI
skmPaBneya:y yagskm . enAqaM 1954 elak ekg vansak cUlCa
smaCik KNbkS RbCaZibety bnabmk :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa GK<elxaZikar
tMNag shPaB sUev[t k*ylRBm . buEn KWw karTamTarcugeRkayenHEtmg
rg nKNbkSenaH . enAeBle:HeqatsPa qaM 1955 elak ekg vansak
:lmYyeT[t
enAqaM 1968 eRkay karbHe:r enAsmt
EdleZVIo RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu GakGnRsBncit ehIybeg,ItrdaPi

EdlKanvtman
elak
sm
sarI
eKGacniyay:nza
KWtaMgBI eBlenaHmkehIy EdlescExrGg<enH maneKal bMNgcg pacRsuk

33
vayRbhar rbbraCaniym yagxaMg ehIy RtUveKcabdakKuk GsCitmYyEx.
(2 emsa qaM 1967 ) elak
:nRtUvbUlIs rbs semc sIhn ecaTRbkanza Ca GkbMbHbMe:r sisS o

34
beg,Itekalahl ehIyRtUveKdakXMu enAkglMenAfanrbselak ehIy ham
Cadacxat minelakeRg{nteTAeT[t. enAeBlbUlIs EqkeqrpHelak eK:n
rkeXIj es[vePA EdlsresrBI kal makS nig emA esTug . edayeRJH

Etes[vePATaMgLayenH elak vansak :nRtUveKcabdakKuk saCazIeT[t .
TalEtmkdlenAeBl EdltmesnIy ln nl eLIgkanGMNacenAEx mina
qaM 1970 eTIbelak:ncakput BITukevTna Edlsemc sIhnu :nkMhiteTA
elIrUbelak. tmesnIy ln nl :nEtgtaMgelak Ca GktMNagRbeTs

kmCa enAGg<kar yUeNss, enAqaM 1971 bnabmk Ca ParZarI RbcaMRbeTs
esA guy elakeRJb Giun elak mZura . elak esA guy elak RJb Giun
elak ecA bUrI :nRtUveKykeTARbharCIvit enARtJMgRkLwg
13
. enAeBl
EdlGkGPirkSniymesaHRtg nigsemc neratm sIhnu dwknaMRbeTs bJvn
eqVgniym k*:nRtUveKeZVIXatEdr. enAz 11 tula qaM 1959 GkkaEst

kumy nis Nub bUpan :nRtUveKeZVIXat . enAqaM 1963 enAeBlEdl
enAkgRB bul Bt deNImyk kardwknaM bkSRbCaCnbdivtn BI esa Pwm
:n
(mhasni:t bkSBlkr kmCa z 20_21 kum;) bnabBI TU samut
RtUv:txn
(20 kk,da 1962) enAPMeBj eNHvij semc neratm sIhnu
:raMg . xagbJCn Edlminniym lTimakSvij eKk*beg,InskmPaB rbseK
eRbI kll|icehA bJvn eqVgniymcMnYn 34 rUb ocUlmker[bcMKN;rdmRnI
(Phnom Penh Press) . KWCakaEstEdlman
sMpn, eTB QIv exg, h)U nwm, h)U yn, ecA esg, saLt sr, eG[g sarI,
yagxaMgkaEdr . enAqaM
mYy eQaH
1963 elak Duk rasIu beg,ItkaEst CaPasa:raMg
PMeBjeRbs
ninakarsaMniymEdlriHKn neya:y rbs semc sIhnu yagcasd ehIy

Ca KURbECg rbssarBt(man CaPasa:raMgmYyeT[teQaH
kaMbUds
La edEbs duy
( La Dpche du Cambodge) dwknaM eday ecA esg mitmak rbs
saLt sr ehIyEdlCa rdmRnI CMnitmak rbssemc neratm sIhnu. eq{t

Okas manTiBl ecA esg :ndeNIm kardwknaMkaEstenH BIelak sium va
enA qaM 1968 . shkarI rbselak Duk rasIu enAkaEst

manCaGaT elak bUlI t sYn
PMeBj eRbs
( RBwTbursviTal&y GkSrsaRs nig mnusS
saRs) elak ecA :n elak Knzav dW mugtIrU . RbvtisaRs :ncarTukza
elak Duk rasIu CaGkRbqaMg ecjmuxmak tTl nwg semc neratm sIhnu
taMgBIeBlenaHmk.
GkRbqaMgecjmuxepSgeT[t
EdlmanninakaresrIniym
man CaGaT elak sWn guk zaj zan elak sm sarI elakecA bUrI elak
. kg cMeNambJvn 34 nakenaH man eQaH Kat Qun, ekg vansak, ex[v

sun esn, CYn R:siT, Ok saKun. buEn edaydwgza CaGnak BYkGkTaMgenaH
k*minRBmTTYl esckIesI enaH. enAeBlEdl semc sIhnu bRg,abbJvvn

saRsacareqVgniym Edl ecjBI mhaviTal&yKruekasl CaeRcIn :n:t
bgCivit.
enAqaM
60_70
enaHkarRbyuTKa
rvag
bJvn
eqVgniym
nig
saMniymGPirkS :nRbRBwteTAtam ry;kaEst nig enAkgrdsPa . eRkay

karbHe:r eRbCaksik rnAsmt
(2 emsaqaM 1967 ) nig eRkay karKMram
kMEhg rbs semc sIhnu za nwgykGknaMomankarbHe:renaH eTAotula

karsik kateTas ex[v sMpn nig h)U yn k*rtcUlRB
(z 24 emsaqaM
1967) . kalenaH eKecaTRbkanza GktMNag raRseqVgniym TaMgBIrrUbenH
13
RJb GIun RtUvsemc neratmsIhnu oeKRbharCIvit enARtJMgRkLwg enAz
20 mkraqaM 1964 elak mZura nig ecA bUrI enAExZ qaM 1966 elak esA guy
enAz 22 emsaqaM 1967.
35
36
:nRtUvbUlIs rbs semc sIhnu smabecal. tamkarBit KW RksYg
raCaniymGaRs&yrdZmnuJ
yagc|as GMBIer]genH EdlBMuBitTalEtesaH . rIeKaledA neya:y KW
eTvraC vijdEdl buEn tamrUbPaBTMenIb. enAqaM 1955 RBHmhakSRt vilmk
mYyeT[t KW cin karJrCIvit GkTaMgBIrnakenaH edIm|IBRgwg clna ExrRkhm
nwg KNbkS neya:ynana. enAqaM 1960 RBHGg< :nbeg,Itsab&nRKbRKg
smatcin Edl:nbeg,It karsgS&yenH eRJH kaEstcin :nniyay er[brab
RbEhlCa edIm|I TmakeTaseTAelI tmesnIy ln nl. buEn karsnidan

EdleKsRmaMgCaeRsc edIm|I seRmceKaledA GnutrPaBcin enA kmCa eRJH
semc sIhnu RKan EtCayuTviZI bueNaH. enA z 13 kk,daqaM 1967 dEdl
enaH RksYgGbrMCati :ncabepIm GPiRkm exmryankm.
mYyzIeT[t KWsab&n
(BhJsasna) mkkareKarB elaeksVr
(tYGg<eJZistV n BuTsasna mhayan) . eRkaybdivtnBuTsasna enAst

vtSrTI14 (1336) ExrEbrmkkan lTiBuTsasnahinyan (ezrvaT buraN).
(superstructure) dUecHk*eday k*reb[b
RKbRKgRbeTs enAEtman lkN; eTvraC dEdl. eTaHbIrbbraCaniymExr
(monarchie lective) k*karbnraCBMumanc|ab
c|aslas dEdl. GkxaMg GacykGMNaceBlNak*:n.
EdlmanlkN; JkkNal rbbraCa
niym JkkNalrbbsaZarNrd tamEbbRbeTssg<mniym enAeBlenaH.

enA qaM 1970 RsukExrpasbr BIrbb eTvraC tamEbbsemc neratm sIhnu
eqaHmkrkrbb
saZarNrd
buEnGPiRkmenHRtUvkat
BIqaM 1975 mkdlqaM 1993
RbeTskmCa :nykrbbkumynismkRKbRKg ? tamEbbemAniym
(volution cyclique). enAcugstvtSrTI 12 RbeTskmCa :n
eTaHCamankarpasbr brircnasm&n
RBHRbmuxrd
paceTAvijenAqaM 1952 rhUtdl qaM 1970 .
sg<mExr mankarERbRbYleRcIn taMgBIsm&yGg<rmk buEn KWCakarvivtn
Carbb eRCIstaMgmhakSRtkI
RKbRKgRbeTs eday palRBHGg< edaycUlRbyuT kgqakneya:y tTl
kMBugQanCadMNakkar
BIsm&yGg<r mk bcb|nkal
pasbrBIkareKarBbUCaRBHsIvlwg<
eLIy). enAqaM 1952 RBHmhakSRtExr nertm sIhnu cabepImvilmkrkrbb
mkCarbbsaZarNrd tamEbbbsimRbeTs. kalBIqaM 1947 RbeTskmCa
karvivtn n sg<mExr
cRkclna
(RBHHmhakSRtesayraCsm|ti EtminRKbRKg
BIcugstvtS TI
19 mkdl JkkNalstvtSr TI 20 vb|Zm(:raMg :nRtUvpSaPabCamYy
GariyZm(Exr ehIyenAqaM 1947 rbbraCaniymRbBNI :nRtUvbrmkCarbb
1979)
nigtamEbbsUev[t
(1975_
(1979_1993). BIqaM 1993 mkqaM 1997
RbeTskmCa :nvilmkrkrbbqaM 1947 dEdl KW rbb raCaniymGaRs&yrd

ZmnuJ . cabBI qaM 1997 mk RsukExr:nZakeTAdlrbbmYyEdldkRsg
ecjBIrbb eTvraC vijdEdl. eKGacBnl karpasbr rbbneya:y BIqaM

1947 mk edayEpkeTAelI karRbECgkmaMg enAkgBiPBelak nig enAkgtMbn
buEneKk*GacBnl :tuPUt cRkclna enH eTAtam rcnasm&n vb|Zm( :nEdr

enAkgkrNIEdlCMhr n KMnitzI BMumanlkN;rwgmaM ehIy CMhrenH :nRtUv
CYb nwg PaBrkaMrkUs eRJHEtGkdwknaMExr xac:tbgGMNacrbseK eJlKW
eK:nykKMnitCatiniymtamEbbbTTMen[mTmabcasniym mkeZVICaels
tam karBit KMnitCatiniymviCman
14
sUmGan
14
(nationalisme positif) KW karCMrujRsuk
Vandy Kaonn : Le Cambodge et ses difficults dinsertion
dans le monde moderne, un sicle dHistoire sociale et politique, 1998.

37
38
oman karrIkcMerInRKbvis&y CaBiess vis&ykarecHdwg esInwg RbeTsnana

CaGaT RbeTsCitxag.
menaKmviCa rbs
rbs makS
nig bdivtn n vN; GZn

Le marxisme
et la rvolution proltarienne
39
40
skmPaB bJvnExr muneBl :nkraC

lTimakSniym :ncUlmkkgRsukExr tamry;bJvnExr mYyRkum Edlmk
BIRbeTs:raMg enAeBlEdlclnaev[tmij eRC{tERCkcUlmkRsukExr edIm|ICYy
Exredj:raMgecjBIRsuk. buEn RkumGkmakSniymExrmanRbPBCaeRcIneT[t. xH

sitenAkgclnaRbCaZibety xHeT[t mkBImCdan
GkcMerInniym
(les pro-
gressistes) . buEncMNucrYm n clnaTaMgenaH KW KMnitCatiniym nig karRbqaMg
nwg rbbraCaniympackar CaBiessRbqaMgnwgRBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu Edl
:raMgdakoeLIgesayraC enAqaM 1941. eKaledArYmenAeBlenaH KW karedj

:raMgecjBIRsuk. KNbkSRbCaZibety Edl:nRtUvbeg,ItenAqaM 1946 eday
elak sIum va elak eG[v kwH nig GkRbqaMg nwg vtman :raMgenAkgRsuk mYy
cMnYn manninakaryagehacNas k* 3 Edr KW ? GkesrIniym GkGPirkSniym
nig
GkcMerInniym . elak sWn san Ca GkRbCaZibety buEnelakylza
RbeTskmCa minGacGt RBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu :neLIy . GkGg<mas
sIusuvti yutivgS EdlCaRbZanKNbkSRbCaZibety k*Ca GkcMerInniym Edr.
elak ekg vansak Edl enAeBle:HeqatsPa na qaM 1955 CaGK<elxaZikar
rg n KNbkSRbCaZibety k*RKanCaGkeqVgniym bueNaH eJlKW GkRbCa
Rsuk:raMg Gsry;eBl 15 qaM . elak :ncUlCa smaCik KNbkS sg<m
niym :raMg ehIy er[n:nsJab&RtbNitrd xagKNitsaRs. 15 qaMeRkay

mk KW enAqaM 1946 elak ekg vansak eTAsikSa TsSnviCa enARbeTs:raMg
Edr
(La Sorbonne) . enAqaMdEdlenaH elak CYn mum k* ecjeTAsikSa enA
RbeTs:raMgEdr bnabBI:neZVIkarsikSa enA sklviTal&y TIRkughaNUy

1945). enARsuk:raMg elaksikSa KNitviTa enAsalaBhubeckeTs
(qaM
(Ecole
Polytechnique) ehIy :nsJab&RtKNitviTa. elakcUlCa smaCikKNbkS
kumynis :raMg enAqaM 1951 . enA RbeTsev[tNam nig kmCa Gacar man
ehA sWn guk mij cabepImrdIrtYnaTI mYyd*sMxan taMgBIqaM 1949 mk. enAkg
mhasni:t TI 2 na z 11_19 kum; qaM 1950 bkSkumynis Ncin
(PCI)
seRmco RbeTs nImYy> enANcin beg,ItkgT&B rbs xnpal . enATIRkug
:rIs ExrmYyRkum man CaGaT eG[g sarI ex[v ZiriT, h)U yn, ekg vansak, CYn
mum, saLut sr, mIu man, mIu pat, rt saem]n :nbeg,It kwb makS niymmYy
enAqaM
1950
dEdlenaH
enARsukExr
enAz
28
mizunaqaM
1951
15
eRkaymhasni:tTI 2 n bkSkumy nis Ncin ExrmYy Rkum:nbeg,It KN

bkSkumynismYy maneQaHza
bkSRbCa Cn bdivt kmCa
kalenaH man es[v ehg CaGkdwknaM .
(P.P.R.K.) Edl
ZibetyeqVgniym buEn minEmnCaCnkumynisseLIy. edayelakRbqaMgyag
eBj TMhwg nwgrbbraCaniym CaBiessRBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu elak

:nkay eTACaGksaZarNrdniymenAkg rbbtmesnIyln nl
(saZarN
rd esrIniymExr) . karkekIteLIg n RkumGkmakSniym ecjmkBIeRcIn RbPB
ehIyvivt eTAtam sSrCnmak> .

Gg<
enAqaM 1931 KW mYyqaMeRkay karbeg,ItbkSkumynis Ncin
mas sIusuvti
yutivgS
ecjeTAsikSaenARbeTs :raMg.
41
(PCI) Gk
yutivgSsitenA
15
cMeJH karkMNtzbeg,It
bkSRbCaCnbdivt kmCa enH mankarExVgKMnit
Ka ? xH za z 19 kum qaM 1951 ; (KW zebIk mhasni:t bkSkumynisN

cin) xHza z 18 mizuna 1951 xHeT[t za z 30 kJa qaMdEdl.
42
GkmakSniym nig RTwsI rbs makS
BIqaM 1889 mkdleBlsRg<amelIkTI1 RTwsIedIm rbs makS :n TTYl
kareBjniymyageBjTMhwg eTaHbI mankarbkRsayRTwsIenH tamEbbepSgkI .

enARbeTsGIutalI GgtUj LaRBIyULa
bk Rsay eKalkarN
kUts<I
rbb
(Antonio Labriola, 1843-1904) :n
rUbZatuniym RbvtisaRs mindacxateBk dUckal
(Karl Kautsky, 1854-1938) eLIy. kal kUts<I yl GMBI karksag

sg<mniymviTasaRs
(socialisme scientifique) dUcKMnitEdlGghwi<l
:nyk KMnit rbs makS mkeZVIsMeyaK . rI GgtUj LaRBIyULa Edl:n

ykKMnitrbs makS kalBIenACayuvCn mkeZVICamUldan :nRtUveKcatTukza Ca
PaB
TMenIb karRbQmmux karrMlM GnutrPaB n vN;KhbtI edaycMmuxRtg> Etmg
edIm|InaMsg<m eTArkrbbsg<mniym CakarmYy EdlBMuGacseRmc:neT . cMeJH

RkaMsIu karksagrbbsg<mniym minGaceZVItamrUbPaBNamYy n rdRbhar
karRbQm muxedayRtg>Etmg:neT
TsSn;rbs
TsSn;rbs luykas (Lukcs) sIBI
lkN;stanum&t (objectivit) n viTasaRs
(Hegel). GkmakSniymCMnaneRkay EdledIrtam LaRBIyULa manCa
GaT GkmakSniym GIutalI GgtUj RkamsIu
nig CnCati hugRKI luykas
(Antonio Gramsci, 1891-1937)
(Gyrgy Lukcs, 1885-1971) .
karbkRsayKMnit ksagsg<mniym tam RkaMsIu (Gramsci)
GkmakSniym GIutalI RkaMsIu ylza enAeRkam rbbmUlZnniym sm&yzI
vN;KhbtI Gac rkSakarRtYtBinitEpkesdkic dEdl edaybeNay osg<m
neya:y suxciteqIytb nwg karTamTarxH> rbs shCIB nig KNbkS

neya:y rbs mhaCn . ebIeZVIyagdUecH BYkeK beNayomanrUbPaBmYy n
bdivtnEdr buEnCa bdivtnmYyEbb EdlbnyzamBl n bdivtn EmnETn. BYk

eK :tbg EtplRbeyaCncMeJHmux rbseK EtbueNaH buEn KWCa karrkSaGnutr
PaB rbseKdEdl tamry;karpasbr rUbPaBepSg> dUcCa karEkTRmgniym

rbb hVa sIus nig karbEnmeb[vtS CMrujplitkm
(tl&rviZI) CaedIm . RkaMsIu
yleXIjza bkS nclna bdivtn RtUvmanbJaCn edIm|Its)URbqaMg nwg Gnutr
43
KWmanEtkarRbyuT tamEpkvb|Zm( tTl
nwg bJvn nvN;KhbtI bueNaH EdlGacnaM eTArkkarseRmc:n.
Gkksag rbb sg<mniymmak Edlman lkN;mnusSZm( dUc KMnitxH rbs

ehh<il
(hgmonie) rbs BYkvN;Edl kabsg<msIuvil . enAkg sg<msm&y
cMeJH luykas menaKmviCa RKanEtCa karqHbJaMgGarmN rbs vN;
KhbtI
edIm|IraMgs,atkMuovN;GZn
GacQaneTAdl
neya:y nigtYnaTIeZVIbdivtn rbseKEtbueNaH.
karyldwg
GMBI
TItaMg
luykas ylza karecHdwg
viTasaRs GacmanklN;stanum&t:n luHNaEteK:nedIrdl PaBCakEsg

TaMgmUl
( totalit concrte) :nsBVRKb. sg<mviTU hugRKI enHEdlCaGk
elIktm lkN;R:kdniym enAkgGkSrsil| ylza karBitEpkesdkic enA
kgsm&ykalmYy n RbvtisaRs BMuGacCakarBit Edlmantm rhUtenaH :n

eT.
TsSn; esIerIniym
m rbsEbnEsg ( le rvisionnisme de dEduard
Bernstein)
TsSn;esIerIniym
rbs
EbnEsg :nRtUvGksg<m-RbCaZibetyenAGWurub
ykmkBiPakSayagmmajwk buEn k*:nRtUv GkmakSniymRbkank|nedIm dUcCa

elnIn
(Lnine) kUts<I (Kautsky) nig rUhSa lucsMbYr (Rosa Luxemburg) Ca

44
edIm riHKnyagcasdEdr. EbgEsg ylza GkmakSniym KYre:HbgecalnUv
KMnit GMNacpackar rbsvN;GZn
(la dictature du proltariat) nig kareZVI
bdivtnedIm|IQaneTAksag rbbsg<mniym ehIyRtUvkarJresrIPaBbuK<l KMnit
CMBUk 8
sIlZm( nigKMnit smehtusmpl o:ncbcugcbedImvij. BYkGkesIerIniym

ylza tamry; karEkTRmg eKGabpasbr rbbmUlZnniym CabeNIr>:n.
cuHTwkRkeBI eLIgelIxa
Entre la peste et le cholra

eRkayeBlEdl rbb
kmCaRbCaZibety eJlKW BYkExrRkhm KaMRT
edayRbeTscinkumynis RtUvkgT&B ev[tNam EdlmanshPaB sUev[t enABI
eRkay vayrMlMecal enAedImqaM 1979 RbCaCnExr RtUvrseRkamrbbkumynis
mYyeT[t. buEn mgenH ExrRtUvsitenAeRkamnwm rbs kgT&BbreTs KW BYkyYn
kumynis. ExrEdlenAslBIsab CaBiess Tahan rbs ln nl nig Gk

rdkar mancMnYn ticNas eRJHRtUvBYkExrKag smab swgEt putBUCeTAehIy.
rIExrGkecHdwg EdlCasRtUv d*ZMbMput rbs rbbenH k* :nRtUv bul Bt EsVg

rkeXIj ehIysmabecal swg EtKanenAsl eRJH CaeKaledAsMxanbMput n
rbb bul Bt. TnwmnwgkarpSwkRBHsg BYk
Qb
16
EsVgrkbJvn tamRKb
meZa:y edIm|IykeTAsmabecal. kaleBlenaH sJasMKalbJvn KW Gk

JkEvnta. emaHehIy BYkQbTaMgenaH smabGkJkEvnta edayKansYrehtu
16
BYkyuvCn enAtamPUmiEdl :nRtUvGg<kar rbs bul Bt GbrMoedIrykkar
rkGkEdlk|tmaK(a rbs bdivtn . niyaymYyEbbeT[t KW nKr:l neya:y
( police politique) .
45
46
plGVIeLIy eRJH bul Bt :ndakeKalkarNmYy d*keRmal KW edIm|IkMuoGk
xN GnrCati Etmg . RbeTsev[tNam suxcit omankarcrca eRJHenAeBl
kankabTwkdIExr bJvnExrxitxMlakxnbneT[t buEn CakartRbeyACneRJHRtUv
GnrCati mYy enATIRkug:rIs EdltRmUv oRbeTsEdlCabJnB&n kgGZikrN
Na mak rtrYc RtUvsmabCnCabsgS&y TaMgGsEtmg. eBlkgT&Bev[tNam

Gks<alKa dwgGseTAehIy . mgenH BYkyYn cabbJn GkTaMgenaH eTAoer[n
sURt enAtamsalaneya:y enAkgRsuk rYcbJn oeTAer[nEzmeT[tenA TIRkug

hU CImij enATIRkughaNUyEtmg . Tnwm nwg eBlenaHEdr kgT&ByYnkumy
nis :nbeg,Itrd:lmYy dwknaMeday KN bkSkumynisExr Edlman smas
PaBcRmuH KWBYkExrRkhmEdlbHe:rRbqaMg nwg rbb bul Bt dUcCa ehg sMrwn

Ca sIum h)un Esn CaedIm RBmTaMgBYkExr EdlZabeZVIshkar CamYy ev[tmij
dUcCa Ebn suvN rs sm&y Ca suT can sIu CaedIm nig BYkEdlTTYlrg eRKaH
taMgBIz 17 emsaqaM 1975 mk edayBYk bul Bt enAkgenaHmanbJvn
mYycMnYnEdr KWGkEdlRtUveKrkeXIj ehIy RtUvbJneTAoer[n neya:y enA

RsukyYn . smasPaBcRmuHEbbenH :nnaMmk nUv bJa d*sKsaj buEn enATI
bMput k*mandMeNIrkarCabnbnab. bJasMxanbMput EdlecaTeLIg enAeBlenaH KW
karEdlExrsitenAeRkamkarkankab
rbs
yYn
karerIbRmasecj
BIGaNa
niKmkicyYn ecHEtmanCanic tammeZa:yEdlGaceZVIeTA:n buEn Gkts)U :n

RtUvyYncabykeTAdakKuk rhUtmkTleBlenH k*dkhUtecj BIrdaPi:l nig
bkS ebIGkbHe:r TaMgenaH man tYnaTIsMxan enAkgsab&n TaMgenaH . rvag Exr

Rkhm TaMgBIrRkumenH ExrEdlrsenA kgRsuksitenAkg karRb TajRbTgBIr ?
KW 1 rMedaHxnecjBIyYn 2 kMuoExrRkhmvilmkvij. karRbyuT enAqaM 1979_

1989 rvagExrTaMgBIrRkum KWRkummYy manshPaB sUev[t CabEgk ehIyRkum
mYyeT[t Edlman karCYyeRCamERCg BIcin BIRbeTsxH n smaKmGas)an nig
BI shrd Gaemrik _EdlsgwmEteTAelIkgT&BExrRkhm_ :nQanmkdlPaB
TalRck . enATIbMput cin k*suxcitomandMeNaHRsay tamkarcrca enAkgRkb

47
enaH eK:tbEgkmYy d*ZM KW shPaB sUev[t . enAqaM 1989 manebIksnisIT

ExrQbeZVIskmPaB KaMRT clnaExr Edl RbyuTKa . enAqaM 1990 RkumRbwkSa
snisuxn Gg<kar shRbCaCatiseRmceZVIGnraKmn enARsukExredIm|InaMsniPaB
mkvij. enAz 23 tulaqaM 1991 RbeTscMnYn 18 :ncuHhtelxa eTAelIkic

RBmeRB{g sniPaB enATIRkug:rIs. enAedImqaM 1992 Gg<kar shRbCaCati
cabepImeZVI GnraKmn enAkmCa. ebskkm rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati :nCYb

nwg karBi:kBneBkRk
buEn enATIbMput :ner[bcM kare:HeqatesrI:n enAqaM
1993 . karcrcaenH Gacecj CarUbrag :n eRJHEt shPaB sUev[t RtUvrlM
rlayeTA edayvibtiesdkic bueNaH. yYnk*KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABI kardkT&B
sinCapvkar enaHeLIy TRmaMrkbEgk:nzIeT[t . buEn tamkarBit KankardkT&B
eT KW manEtkarbr exaGavbueNaHeT. rIkgT&BExr rbs h)un Esn_ehg sMrwn

k*CakgT&BEdl yYn :nbgathVwkhVWnEdr. yYnylyagc|asza bsimRbeTs
eTaHCa eZVIminsUveGIeBI niwg NcineT[tkI k* minTane:Hbg tMbnPUmisaRsenaH

ecalTaMgRsug TukocinEdr enAkgkrNIEdleKmanOkasl nig CMhrmaMTaM Gac
karJrtMbnenaH minocinyk:n. eRkayGnraKmn rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati
bsimRbeTs plCMnYy CaeRcIn edIm|IkMuo ExrZak eTAkgPaBrNb nwg cinxaMg
eBk. eKCYycin nigExrRkhmenAqaM 1979_89 eRJHeKRtUvkarJrkMuo shPaB

sUev[t yktMbnenaHEtbueNaH . luH shPaB sUev[t rlMrlayeTA
shrd
Gaemrik RtUvTbkMuocin mkCMnYs shPaB sUev[t mgvij. xagshPaB sUev[t
eNaHvij eTaHCamanvibti yagNakI k*eK mincgo cin yk tMbnenaHEdr .

edIm|IykC&yCMnHeTAelIyYn:n cinKanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIrkdMeNaHRsayGnr
Cati sineLIy . eBle:HeqatesrI enAqaM 1993 bkSraCaniym Edlmancin

48
KaMRT :nTTYlC&yCMnH buEn enAEtdeNImykGMNacBI yYnmin:ndEdl. buEn
1979. yuTsaRsCamUldanrbscin KW yktMbnTaMgmUl mkdakeRkam TiBl
sgwmza yYnminGaceKc BIcin:neT. buEn TMnas rvag yYn nig cin sIBIekaH
ety tamEbbbsimRbeTs nig CaGkRsLaj karJrsiTimnusS dUcyuvCncin
edayeK BMucgobsimRbeTsRtLbmkvij cinBayamRtUvrUvCamYyyYnvijeday

s|ateL nig :raEsl minEmnRtwmEtCa bsK<mYy d*ZM enAkgTMnakTMng rvag
yYn nigcinbueNaHeT. ekaHTaMgenaH k*CatMbnyuTsaRsmYy d*sMxan rbsbsim
RbeTspgEdr .
mageT[t hU CImij :npaMza kMuoTukcitcinoesaH ehIy RtUv
rkmitBITIqayvij eTIb Zana bUrNPaBEdndIyYn:n. KW enAkgyuTsaRs rbs
cin EdlmaneKalbMNgkabGtItNcin:raMg nig tMbnTaMgmUl enHehIy :n
Casemc neratm sIhnu cgoelak hun Esn nig RBHGg<masrN#Ti rYbrYmKa

TbTl nwg karvilmkvij rbsBYkbsimRbeTs tamry;KNbkSbsimRbeTs
niymNamYyenAkgkare:HeqatRtwmRtUv.
TIRkugebkaMg :nCMrujosemcneratm
sIhnu edIrtYCa GkbRgYbbRgYmRkumExrbdibk TaMgGs CaBiesseZVIyagNa kab
elak h)un Esn o:n . TIRkugebkaMg k*xitxMeZVIkarTUt CamYy elak h)un Esn
yagxaMgNasEdr edayGeJIj elak h)un Esn oeTA eZVITsSnkicCapvkar
enAebkaMg
KWtaMgBIeBlenaHmkehIy
EdlkicRBmeRB{gsniPaBTIRkug:rIsqaM
1991 :nedIrmkdl pvbtmYyeT[t eRJH GkdwknaMExr BMuRBmyklTpl n

kare:HeqatCaZM.
edayxaccindeNImykGMNac:n
tamry;RBHGg<masrN
#Ti rdRbharmYy :npHeLIg enAExkk,da qaM 1997 . KWenAeBlenaHehIy Edl

yYnkabykRsukExr:n saCazIeT[t. buEn yYnGackabRsukExr:n luHNaEt
manbEgkesdkic mYyd*maM. ebIBMuenaHesateT KW BMuGaceZVIeTA:neLIy eRJHcin
CaRbeTsmYy EdlmankmaMgxaMgka . tamkarBit cin k*dUcCa semc neratm
rbseK.
rIbsK<
KW
bJvnTaMgenaH
EdlsuTswgCa
Edl rdGMNaccin :nbRg,ab yagRBpS enA TIval et[n Gan emn kalBIqaM
1989 dUecHEdr.
bdivtn l|I> enAkg sklelak

Les rvolutions les plus clbres dans le monde
bdivtn
mann&yza karbrrcnasm&n
h)un
Esn
edIm|IQan
eT[t EdlRbesIrCag . bdivtn kngmk EdleyIg:ndwgtamry;RbvtisaRs
eRcInEtnaMmk nUvkarbgrQam nigsRg<ampkg ehIyRtUvcayeBlCaeRcIn mun
nwgQan mkdlsirPaB . TMnasenH bNalmkBI kareRbI GMeBIhwgSa EdleK

ylza CapvEtmYyKt EdlnaMeTArk karseRmceKaledA. ktamYyeT[t n kar
bgrQam KWkarEdlGkkanGMNac eRbIGMeBIhwgSa yagxaMgka edIm|IbRg,ab GkbH

e:r. tamkarBit sg<m vivt Caer[gralz buEn edayvibtisg<m nigsab&n man
lkN;ZnZreBk ehIy edaykarKabsg,t BI sMNak GkkanGMNac BMuGaco
Gkbdivt RTaMRT:n bdivtn k*pHeLIgedayKanGVIGacTbTl:neLIy. rIkarbr
rcnasm&n k*CYbnwg karExVgKMnitKa enAkgCYrGkbdivtpgeT[t.
CagRtUvCamYyKNbkSneya:y
rbs bJCnExr EdlExrRkhm :nxitxMsmab swgEtputBUCGsenAqaM 1975_

49
reb[bRKbRKgRbeTs
eTA eZVIkarpasbrrbbdwknaM nig reb[brsenA casecj ehIy ksag rbbmYyzI
sIhnu Edr manGriPaB CamYybsimRbeTs Cag CamYyyYneTAeT[t. ehtudUecH

ehIy :nCacinsuxcitRtUvCamYy
GkniymlTiRbCaZib
50
PaBesdkic nig hirJvt Edl:nZakcuHdundabyagxaMg CaBiess KMnit Gyuti
bdivtn :raMg qaM 1789
Zm( sIBIkarTarBndar. BYkGPiCn minbgBneLIy EtRtUvecjeTAeZVIsRg<am beRmI
bdivtn:raMg naqaM 1789 cayeBlGs 10 qaM
(1789_1799) ehIy
Rbl&yCIvitmnusS GsCaeRcInryJnnak eTIb:nrkpveXIj. RKanEtGkEdl
RtUveKykeTAkatkecal enAkgkarRbyuTTbTl nwg GkRbqaMgbdivtn enA vgeD
(guerre de Vende) mancMnYn 16.594 nak . bdivtn :raMgnaqaM 1789 Ca kar
vayrMlM rbbraCaniympackarEdl:nnaMRbeTs oZakeTAkg vibti hirJvt nig
TurikSmYyd*ZM. eTaHCayagenHkI rbbraCaniym :nvilmkvijenAqaM 1815 eRkay

rdRbhar rbs NabueLGug (TI1) qaM 1899
(coup dEtat du 18 Brumaire) nig
eRkaykarrlMrlay ncRkPB:raMgenAqaM 1815 KW cRkPBEdl NabUeLGug
:nbeg,ItenAqaM 1804 . ebIKitBI karERbRbYl EdlmanCahUrEh taMg BIqaM 1789

mkdl qaM 1799 Etmg bdivtn :raMg :nqgkatdMNakkar CaeRcIn .
enAqaM 1788 GMNac EdlRKbRKgRbeTs:raMg Ca rbbraCaniympackar
eTvsiTi
(monarchie absolue de droit divin) mann&yza esc:nTTYlGMNac
BIRBH KWxusBI rbbraCaniym GgeKs EdlGMNac rbs esc RtUvedIrTnwm nwg

GMNac rbsrdsPaEdl:nRtUveRCIstaMg edayRbCaBlrd . TsSnviTU hSg_
hSak rUsS
(Jean-Jacque Rousseau, 1712_1778) yleXIjza GMNac rbs
GkdwknaM RtUvecjBIRbCaCati. TsSn;enH rbs rUsS xusTaMgRsugBI TsS n;

rbs vulETr
vicarNJaN
(Voltaire, 1694_1778) Edlylza GMNacescRtUvQr enAelI
(despotisme clair) . dUecHeXIjza vulETrmincgbM:t esceT
k* buEn edayelak minTTYls<al tYnaTI rbs sasna k*:nRtUv eKcatTuk

zaCaTsSnviTU nRkum TsSn viTU vicarNJaNniym n
stvtSrBnW
(un des
philosophes des Lumires) pgEdr . KMnit rbs TsSnviTU n stvtSrBnW

CamUldanmYy d*sMxan n karvayrMlM rbbraCaniym buEn ktabehtu KW san
51
raCaNacRk :raMg
( limpt du sang ) . rIBlrd ttiyrd (le Tiers Etats)
KWBlrd EdlminEmnCaGPiCn minEmnCa mRnIxagsasna ehIyEdlmancMnYn

95
% n RbCaCn RtUvbgBnyagZnZr eTaHbI BYkeKCaGkplitRTBsm|ti o
sg<mkI . cMeJH Bnmuxrbr k*xus KaEdrenAtamExRtmYycMnYn.
karEkTRmgnana
k*BMu:nhuc nUvlTplGVITaMgGs. eTaHbIkalenaH RbCaCn :raMgmanCMen]eTAelI
tYnaTI rbsesck*eday k*eKyl eXIjzaRtUvEtEkERbrcnasm&n nGMNac nig

sg<m buEn eKk*BMuEdlnwksanza karEkERbenH naMeTArk GMeBIhwgSayagxaMg dUecH
eLIy. esc lVI TI 15 nig lVI TI 16 k*ylza KMnit rbsbNaTsSnviTU k*min

xusEdr buEnescTaMgBIrGg<enH KankmaMgRKbRKandUclVITI 14 eLIy edIm|IbJa
oBYkGPiCn
c|ab
eZVIkarEkERbrcnasm&n oRsbnwg vicarNJaN.
ebIKitBIdMeNIr
bdivtn:raMg cabepImBIcugExsPa nig edImExkk,daqaM 1789 KWeBl
ebIkGg<RbCMu sPaRbCaCati
eGta ehSeNrU
(Etats-gnraux) . enA z 1
sPaqaM 1789 tamkarekaHehA rbs esclVITI 16 BYkGktMNagraRs
:n
mkdl raCvaMgEvrsay. GktMNagBYkGPiCn EdlmancMnYn 270 nak ehIy

BYkmRnIsasna EdlmancMnYn 291 nak :nRtUvTTYlyagOLarik rI BYkttiy
rd EdlmancMnYndleTA 584 nak BMu:nRtUveKykcitTukdakeLIy. RbCaCn
:raMg manesckIsgwmxaMgNaseTAelIGg<RbCMu n sPaRbCaCatienH . BYkeK

sgwmza CIvPaBrbsBYkeK muxCanwg:nZUrRsal. xHEzmTaMg eC]za buBVsiTi
rbs BYkmasdI nwg RtUvlubecaleT[tpg . BYkvN;KhbtI
(la bourgeoisie)
eKeC]rhUtdleTAza Gg<RbCMuenH nwgnaMmk nUvsmPaB nigkarbeg,ItrbbraCaniym

GaRs&ysPa
(monarchie parlementaire) eT[tpg. buEneBlebIkGg<RbCMu enAz
5 sPa lVI TI 16 KMramza nwgminoman KMnitzI GVITaMgGs. rI eNcEKr eTs

52
rdmRnIhirJvt BMuelIkeLIgGMBI karEkTRmgGVITaMgGs . BYkGktMNag ttiyrd
CakarseRmc n karGnuvtn eKalkarN GZibety rbs RbCaCati
(souve-
(584 nak) BMuRBmoman kare:Heqat tamRkumvN;eT ehIy TamTaro man
rainet nationale) tamTsSnTan rbs DIdWrU (Diderot, 1713_1784). esc
rgcaMGsry;eBl mYyEx rYc enAz 17 mizuna k* RbkasBYkeK zaCa
rbs BYkeK buEn RsabEtenAz 26 mizuna
kare:HeqatcUlKaEtmg. KanesckIseRmcGVITaMgGs BIbJaenH. BYk ttiyrd
Etmg tamesckIesI rbs esEys
rdsPa
(Sieyes) . BYkGPiCn nig BYkGktMNag
sasna mYycMnYn k* :ncUlrYmpgEdr . buEn enAz 20 mizuna esc lVITI 16
bJaoeKbiTbnbRbCMu buEn BYkttiyrd naMKaeTArkbnbRbCMumYyeT[t . BYkeK

EzmTaMgsnaza nwg minecjBI Gg<RbCMueLIy drabNa BYkeK eZVIrdZmnuJ mYy
lVITI 16 enAeBlenaH hakbIdUcCa beNayo GktMNag ttiyrd bnkickar
:nehAokgT&BbreTscMnYn 2 mWun
nak cUlmkkgraCZanI Etmg . BYkKhbtI mankarxkcityagxaMg . enAedImEx

kk,da karrMeCIbrMCYl ekItmaneLIg enAkEng TarBn
17
(barrires doctroi) . lVI
TI 16 dkhUt rdmRnIEdlmanKMnitesrIniym dUcCa eNcEKr CaedIm ecjBImux
tMENg . enAeBlzres[l naz 11 kk,da GkkaEst kamIy eDmULaMg
CalaylkNGkSr oRbeTs:raMg min:neTenaH. enAz 23 mizuna esc lVI
(Camille Desmoulin.) :nbMpusbMpul oRbCaCn eRt[m lkN;karJrxn .
nig ttiyrd) buEn oRbCMuKakgbnbepSgBIKa. BYkGPiCn nigGktMNag sasna
RbTH nwg kgT&BbreTs EdlmkCYyesc:raMg. enAz 13 kk,da RbCaCn :n
TI 16 ebIkGg<RbCMumYyEdlmanGktMNagTaMgbIKN; (GPiCn GktMNagsas na

eZVItambJa
rbs
sasnazakTab
esc
buEn
BMuRBmeZVItameLIy
BYkGktMNagttiyrd
.
GktMNagttiyrd
nig
BYkGktMNag
(Bailly) Ezgza ?
BYkeyIg EdlCaGktMNagRbCaCati:raMgTaMgmUl KanRtUvTTYlbJaGVI BI esc

eT. em[rabU
(Mirabeau) niyaybEnmeT[tza ; BYkeyIgmkTIenH edayeZVItam
qn; rbsRbCaBlrd ehIyeyIgnwgecjBITIenH ebIeKeRbIkaMbiT byUENt edj

BYkeyIg . BYk GPiCnRbmaNCag 50 nak nig BYkGktMNagsasnazakTab
cUlrYmcMENk CamYyBYkttiyrd. enAcMeJHmuxsPaBkarNenH lVITI 16 k* sux

cit oKN;TaMgbI cUlrYmRbCMu CamYyKa . eTaHCayagenHkI eday BYkttiyrd
man
cMnYn
eRcInCag
eKk*ERbkay
sPa
RbCaCatienH
oeTACa
sPaZmnuJ
(Constituante) Etmg. enAkg ry;eBlbunanzenaH sPaRbCaCati :nseRmc

kareZVI bdivtn mYyCMhan d*ZM BMuGac bkeRkaymkvij :neLIy . edayman
karPitP&y GktMNagraRs n KN;TaMgBIreT[t KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIsMudk
xnzy ehIysMulaElg BImuxtMENgeLIy. eKGacniyay:nza RBwtikarNenH

53
enAeBldEdlenaH enAkg Tan TVILWrIu nig GaMgvalId RbCaCnTIRkug:rIs eBIb

naMKadutkMeTc kariyal&yTarBn cMnYn 40 . BYkKhbtI
:nbeg,It kgsV&y
RtaNmYy sRmabeZVIRbtibtikarTbTl . karpuspul kanEtmanTMhM ZMeLIg> .

enA RBwkz 14 kk,da qaM 1789 BYkGkbHe:rnaMKaeTArkGavuZ enAkgGaKar
GaMgvalId bnabmk eZVIdMeNIreTArkRKabrMesv enA BnnaKar:sIy ehIyCYb nwg

RkumGkbHe:rmYyRkumZMeT[t. BYkGkbHe:r :nnaMKa kMeTcKuk:sIy
EdlCa
nimtrUb nGMeBIGyutiZm( rbs esc. karRbyuTKamanlkN; d*xaMgka. mnusS

CaeRcIn :n:tbgCIvit. bnabmk BYkbHe:rnaMKaedIreTA salaRkug:rIs ehIy
katkecAhVayRkugeQaHEpEsSl
17
(Flesselles). karvaykMeTcKuk:sIy enAz
enAqaM 1785 esclVI TI 16 :noebIkkEngykBn
(barrires doctroi)
cMnYn 57 enACMuvijTIRkug. karTarBnEbbenHkanEtmanlkN;twgrwugeLIg> enAqaM

1789
ehIyEdlCaehtu
munkarvaybnay :sIy
naMeTArkkarbHe:r
(La Bastille).
54
EdlekItman
BIr-bI
14 kk,daqaM 1789 edayRbCaCnTIRkug:rIs :nRtUveKcatTukza Ca karrlM
Rkum ehS{rugdaMg
karNRbvtisaRsenH :nRtUvRbCaCnenAtamExRt dwgRKbKa ehIyGkeshaCati
21 mkraqaM 1793 karbHe:renAEpkbsim nigenAEpkGaeKyk*pHeLIg. RbeTs
GMNac tamExRt_Rkug :npgeT[t . enAkgraRtIz 4 sIha sPaZmnuJEdl
vayRbhar bdivtn:raMg . enARbeTs:raMg enHvij bnabBIcajsRg<am BYk
rlay n rbbraCaniympackar ehIyCa karcabepIm n bdivtn:raMg . RBwti

k*naMKa beg,It KNkmaZikarbdivtn Cabnan . enATIRkugxH BYkeK :nvayyk
:nRtUvcattaMgenAz 9 kk,daqaM 1789 dEdlenaH Rbkaslubecal buBVsiTi nig
siTi nana rbs BYkescRtaj skiPUmi RBmTaMg vismPaB kgkarTarBndar
edayrkSaTuksiTi rbs BYkmasdI nig kmsiTi rbs ksikrGkman . enAz 26

sIha sPaZmnuJ :nGnum&tesckIEzgkarN siTimnusS nig siTi rbsBlrd
(Dclaration des Droits de lHomme et du Citoyen) edayyktamKMnit rbs

TsSnviTU
BnW n vicarNJaN
rbbraCaniympackar :nkayeTACa
(philosophes des Lumires) nasm&yenaH.
esc cuHexSayCalMdab .BYk;KhbtI
rbbraCaniymGaRs&yrdZmnuJ.
GMNac
(la bourgeoisie) eLIgkankabGMNac .
kareP[sxn rbslVITI 16 eTAvaErn enAz 20 mizunaqaM 1791 nig karRbkas
sRg<am rbs RbeTsGURTIsnaz 20 emsaqaM 1792 karTTYlbraC&y san
PaBcuHdundab n esdkic nig sg<m :nCMrujoGkbdivt dkhUtGMNacBIesc
(Girondins) EdlmanKMnitminc|aslas (mg vayrMlMrbbraCa
niympackar mgcgCYyesc ). bnabBIeKykesc lVI TI 16 eTAkatk enAz
GgeKs nig RbeTsEdlmanescdUcKa cgsamK<IPaBKa beg,ItkmaMgcRmuH edIm|I

hSakkU:Mg ykQHeTAelI BYkehS{rugdaMg :n ehIy k* beg,It rdaPi:lbdivt
mYy
(Comit du Salut public) . KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlBYkeKbeg,Itbriya
kasePrvkm eBjRbeTs ehIy olubbM:t sasnaRKws CabeNIr>pgeT[t.

buEn enAz 27 kk,da qaM 1794 BYkeqVghSakkU:Mg k*Gsxl ehIy rUebs
EBr k*eLIgmkkanGMNac enAKNkmkarbdivtn bnabBI:nykdgtug eTAkatk
enAz 5 emsaqaM 1794. rUebsEBr :nnaMsasnaRKwsmkvij. buEn edayGk
tMNag enAsPabdivtn kUgvgsSg Edlman mtiPaKeRcInkgcMeNam GktMNag

TaMgGscMnYn 749 nak cgbrneya:y ePrvkmecj rUebsEBrk* :nRtUveK
ykeTAkatk enAz 28 kk,da qaM 1794 dEdlenaH vijEdr . sPaZmnuJ
bdivtn eRkaykarRbharCIvit rUebsEBr
ETrmID&r tamRbtiTin saZarNrd
(z 27 kk,daqaM 1794 RtUvnwg z 9
) :n Gnuvt neya:yRbqaMg nwg GMeBIePrvkm
RbKleTAoKNkmaZikarRbtibti beNaHGasn dwknaMeday dgtug . enAz 20
RbqaMgnwgTsSn; rbsBYkhSakkU:Mg. BIqaM 1795 dlqaM 1799 RbeTs:raMg
RbKl GMNac eTAo sPaZmnuJ kugvgsg
Cik 5 nak. enAeRkamkardwknaMrbs Gg<kar eD[ercT&renH GMeBIBukrlYy ekItman
kJaqaM 1792 bnabBI kgT&BRbeTsRBus
(Prusse) dkecjBI valmI rdsPa
(La Convention) EdlRbkas
rbb saZarNrd edayKanbgg (z 21 kJaqaM 1792). C&yCMnHrbs kgT&B
bdivtn enA valmI :nelIkTwkcit obdivtn vaylukRbeTsCitxag edIm|IJMnaM
KMnitzI eTApSBVpSay enAkgRbeTsTaMgenaH . buEnenAedImqaM 1793 sPa kugvg

sg eh[b EtnwgeZVIorbbsaZarNrd :raMgrlayeTAvij eRJHEtman TMnas
pkg rvag RkumhSakkU:Mg
(Jacobins) EdlCaGksaZarNrdniymdacxat nig

55
sitenAeRkam kardwknaM rbsGg<kar RbtibtimYy
(le Directoire) Edlman sma
eLIgkgTUTaMgRbeTs . manEtkgT&B:raMgbueNaH EdleRkamkardwknaM rbstm

esnIy NabUeLGug bUNa:k rkSa kitanuPaB:n . NabUeLGug bUNa:kCa
tmesnIymakd*BUEk ehIy :nTTYlC&yCMnH swgEtenARKbsmrPUmi . Gkdwk

naM eD[ercT&r makeQaH eseys
edIm|eZVIrdRbhar
rMlMGg<kar
(Sieys) :neq{teRbITiBl rbs bUNa:k
eD[ercT&r
enaHecalEtmg
56
(coup dEtat du 19
brumaire an VIII) . buEn NabUeLGug EdlCa GkdwknaMrdRbharenH :nkay

eTACamas n rdRbharenaHEtmg. enAkgraRtI z 27 kk,da qaM1794
(19
brumaire An VIII) enaH NabUeLGug bUNa:k :noeK EtgtaMgxnCa kug
s)ulTI 1 nsaZarNrd:raMg edayKanbgg. saZarNmti GbGrsaTr cMeJH

esckIseRmcenH ehIymansMNUmBrEtBIr bueNaH KW sniPaB nigsNabZab.
NabUeLGug kanGMNac edayeRbIGaC\a yagtwgrwug buEn kitanuPaB rbsGnaKt
RBHecAGZiraC:raMgenH :nRtUvBRgwgenAelICMhr 5 yag KW ? 1 karcuHhtelxa

eTAelI GnurUbsJa CanaCamYy RKwssasna
sniPavUbnIykm
enA
vgeD
(concordat du 6 juillet 1801) _ 2
sniPaBCamYyRbeTs
GURTIs
CaBiessCamYy
RbeTsGgeKs. smiTi rbs NabUeLGug maneRcIntKNna kgkarksag

RbeTs:raMg CaBiess C&yCMnHEpkeyaZa enARbeTsmYycMnYn enAGWurub. enAz
18 sPaqaM 1804 NabUeLGug RtUvEtgtaMgCaRBHecAGZiraC nRbCaCn:raMg.
bdivtn enARbeTs rusSI qaM 1917

1917
GMBI kareqIynwg sMnYr za etIbdivtn TaMgBIrenH manTMnakTMngKaCitsiT k*yag

NaenaH. etICardRbhar Cabdivtn / BYkbuleqvikxH BMuman TsSn;kPaBKa
TaMgRsugeLIy . enAkg karniTanCIvRbvti rbselakedayxnelakpal Rtuts<I
(Trotsky) eRbIJk mgza
kubkm
(insurrection) mgza
karykGMNac:n
(conqute du pouvoir) mgza rdRbhar (coup dEtat) . narIkumynis GalWmg

rUhSa lucsMbYr k*eRbIJk rdRbhar enHEdr
EhVrrU
eRbIJk
putsch (karbHe:redayGavuZ
eTaHCayagNakI karvayyk
BMumankarRbqaMg
( coup dEtat dOctobre) . mak
BIRbCaCn
eRkamrbb esctSar
rbs
Rkumneya:ymYy).
1917
RbeTsrusSI
raCvaMgsisirrdUv na z 25 tula qaM 1917 enaH
rusSIeLIy .
munqaM
sitenA
(rgime tsariste) EdleRbIGMNacpackar sg,tsg,in RbCa
Cn. buEn enAqaM 1861 esctSar GaeLcsgRd TI 2 :nlubbM:t TasPaB
ecal . bnabBI:nTTYl esrIPaB BYkesvkCn k*naMKacUleTARbkbmuxrbr Ca

kmkrenATIRkug eRJHsm&yenaHenARbeTsrusSI sShkm kMBugman karrIkceRmIn
yagxaMgka . bdivtnsSahkm :neZVIo reb[brsenA CaRbBNI man karERb
RbYlCamUldan. buEn karrIkceRmIndlkMBUl n sSahkm BMu:neZVIo CIvPaB

RBwtikarN TaMgLay EdlekItman CahUrEh bunanEx mun ExtulaqaM 1917
kmkr nigRbCaCnrusSI man lkN;RbesIreLIy . EbbEpnplitkm enAEtman
Cabdivtn enARbeTsrusSI . enAqaM 1917 enaH man bdivtn BIr :npHeLIg enA
(85%). ksikrmYycMnYn EdlCamasdI suTEtCaGkman (les Koulaks) ehIy
8_13 mina tamRbtiTineRkRkUrag) eRkamkardwknaM rbs ekrwns<I Edl:nRtUveK
kekItCaGVI EdleKGacehAza
ehIy Edl:nnaM mkdlRBwtikarN ExtulaqaM 1917 :nRtUveKktsm<alza
lkN;casKMrwl dEdl. RbeTsrusSIu enAEt sitenACa RbeTsksikmdEdl
(RbtiTin s)ullag RtUvnwgz
CaGkKaMRTrbbesctSar. buEn ksikrEdlKandIZI mancMnYneRcInelIslub ehIy
catTukzaCa GktMNag vN;KhbtI. bdivtnmYyeT[t KW karvaylukcUlkg
rbs vN;GZn. KabCYnenAcenaH stvtSr TI 19 nig TI 20 enaH mankar
(RbtiTins)ullag RtUvnwgz 7 vicika qaM 1917 tam
sg<mrusSI CaBiessenAkgmCdan nisSit kmkr ksikrRk nig enAkgcMeNam
TIRkugebRtURkat ? 1 bdivtn naz 23_28 kum;
RsTabksikrGZn
EdleC]eTAelI KMnitbdivtn
(Palais dhiver) edayBYkkumynis buleqvIk enAkgraRtI z
kekIteLIg n clnamYYy edIm|I vayrMlM rbb esctSar enAtamRsTab nana n
RbtiTineRkRkUrag) . mkTleBlenH eKenAminTanman TsSn;RsbKa enAeLIy
BYkGPiCn pgEdr eRJH rbbrbs esctSar BMuRBmvivteqaHeTArk vDnPaBesaH.
raCvaMgsisirrdUv
25 tulaqaM 1917 dEdl
57
58
eTaHCayagenHkI
k*
karbunbgepSg>
Gg<karbUlIs GURkaNa
edIm|IvayrMlMesctSar
BMu:neRmceLIy.
(Okhrana) rbsesctSar eZVIkarbRg,abGkbHe:r eday
tGasUr. xHRtUveKcabdakKuk xHeT[trteTARCkekanenAbreTs. enAqaM 1905
bnabBI RbeTsrusSI TTYlbraC&y kgsRg<am CamYy RbeTsCbun bdivtn elIk

dMbUgbgs:npHeLIg. enaz 22 mkra qaM 1905 enaH
eZVI:tukmmYy
dakKuk.
d*ZM
TamTaro
BYkeKk*TamTar
esctSar
RbCaCnrusSI :nnaMKa
edaHElgGkbdivt
Edl:nRtUvcab
oesctSarEksRmYlsanPaBkargaro:nlRbesIr ?
RbKldIZImkoksikrvij niglubkarRtYtBinitkarbeJjmtiecalpgEdr. mha

:tukmenaH:nRtUvbRg,abenAkgkarbgrQammYyd*ZMsem|ImGsar
( Dimanche
rouge). KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlGg<kartMNagkmkr ksikr nig TahanelIk

dMbUgbgs :nRtUvcattaMgeLIg
bNalmkBI
braC&y
(les Soviet). buEn bdivtn naExkum; qaM 1917
Cabnbnab
rbsRbeTsrusSI
kgsRg<amelakelIkTI1
EdlmanmnusSsab cMnYn 1 lan 7 Esnnak nigGkrbYscMnYnCit 6 lannak.
sanPaBenH :nnaMoman TurikS kg TUTaMgRbeTs. sPa DUma EdlmansuTEt
dUcCa shCIB shkrN CaedIm ekIteLIg CaeRcInenAkgRbeTsrusSI ehIyedIr tY

CaGMNacmYyeT[t
Tnwmnwg
GMNac
rbs
raCkar
Edl:tbgbnicmg>
nUv
(la ralit du pouvoir) rbsxn . enAeBlEdl
karkab GMNacBitR:kd
sisirrdUv mkdl KWeBlEdlkarxVHcMNIGahar nig karlM:klMbin kgCIvPaB

RKbEbbyag EsgecjeLIg BYkbdivt :nRbmUl lkN;sm|ti :nRKbRKan
TaMgGs sRmabeZVIkarvayRbhar
(:tukm kUtkm ) . bnab BIkUdkm EdlekIt
man Cabnbnab enAz 23 kum; CaBiess kUdkm rbsRsI enA ebRtURkat
kUdkmCaeRcIneT[t k*EsgecjeLIg JseBjRbeTsEtmg . rIJk esak

EdlBYkeKeRbIenAeBlenaH
manCaGaT ?
kMcatsRg<am,
kMcatrbb
GtaZib
ety. esctSar bJaokgT&BbRg,ab :tukm. karRbyuTKa bNalomnusS
TaMgsgxag
sabGsCaeRcIn.
buEn
cMnYnJkkNalnkgT&B :nnaMKacUld
BYkbHe:r. enAcMeJHmux sankarNenH esctSar k* rMlaysPa DUma ecal

ehIy cattaMg KNkmaZikarmYy CabeNaHGasn edIm|ITbTl . buEn enAeBl
enaHkgT&BeyaZPUmiTaMgmUl
(garnison) :nnaMKacUlRbyuTkgCYrGkbHe:r Gs
GkesrIniym tMNagvN;KhbtI nig GkeC]nel]nniym :ntRmUvoesctSar
eTAehIy. edayBYkyuTCnbdivt maneRb{beTAelI kgT&BraCkar esnaZikardan
:ndwgGVITaMgGs eRJHkMBugvegVgsartI dacecjBI karBitCakEsg n sanPaB
RBwtikarN TaMgLayenH :nRtUvktRtaza Ca dMNakkarTI 1 n bdivtn rusSI .
cattaMgrdaPi:lbeNaHGasnmYy. buEnenAeBlenaH esctSar nIkULaTI 2 BMu

sg<mrusSITaMgRsug. mageT[t GZiraCnIGaeLcsgRda ehVGUD&rrUhVNa
(Alexan-
dra Feodorovna) EdlCaCayarbsescGg<enH ehIyEdlmanedImkMeNItGalW
mg :nRtUvRbCaCnrusSI sbexImyagxaMg . KWenAkgKMnitGariPaBenHehIy Edl

rasTIn
carburs
mYyRkum
(Raspoutine) TIRbwkSad*manTiBl rbs GaeLcsgRda :nRtUvPakgar

GgeKsmak
eRkamkardwknaM
smabenAkgGMeBIk|tmYy
rbskSRt
yUs)UbUhV
rbs nIkULaTI 2. enAqaM 1915_1916
rbs
BYkraCaniymdacxat
(Youssoupoff) EdlCasacz
KN kmkar sUev[t tamrUbPaBepSg>

59
kgT&BRbeTsrusSI :nbgMoescnIkULa cuHecjBIGMNac (z2 minaqaM 1917) .
karTmakesctSar ecjBIGMNac :nRtUvRbCaCnrusSI catTukzaCa karrMedaHmYy

d*ZM ehIy:nebIkpvo clnabdivtn eZVIskmPaBrbseKyageBjTMhwg. buEn
GMNac :nZakeTAkgd
rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn
dwknaMedayGtItmRnIraCaniym
nigBYkKhbtI. enAExmina rdGMNacenHRtUvrYbrYmCamYy Gg<kar sUev[t ehIyRtUv

Gg<karbdivtnenH dkhUtecjbunanExeRkaymk. Gg<karsUev[t :ndakoGnuvt
kmviZImYy EdltRmUvoer[ccMsniPaBo:nvij oksag rbbsaZarNrd RbCa

Zibety ehIyosgdI eTAoRbCaCnvij RBmTaMg kMhitoeZVIkar Et 8 emag
60
bueNaH kgmYyz . edaykmviZIenH ykmkGnuvtBMuekIt BYkKhbtI k*eLIgkan
BITsSn;rbs rUhSa lucsMbYr
eRJH BYkbdivt rablannakBMuRBmeTAe:Heqat. kalenaH clna bdivt manBYk
sm|tiecH sRmbxn eTAtam sankarN .
GMNacvij edayTamTaroman kare:Heqat buEn kare:Heqat k*eZVIeTAminekIt

emneqvik
(sg<mniymbdivtn) eRcInCagBYk buleqvik Edlmann&yza
PaK
eRcIn buEn EdltamkarBitman smaCik ticCagBYk emneqvik Edlmann&yza
PaKtic. eTaHCayag enHkI TaMgBYk emneqvik TaMgBYk buleqvik suTEtCaGk
EdlEpkeTAelI RTwsImakSniym TaMgGs . PaKeRcIn n GkTaMgenH k*ylpg
Edrza clnabdivtn BMuTanman bTBiesaZn RKbRKaneLIy edIm|IkanGMNac.

mageT[t
vN;GZnenAkgsg<mrusSIenAeBlenaH
BMumanlkN;sm|tiRKbRKan
enAeLIy. RbeTsrusSIkalenaH CaRbeTsksikm rI sSahkm k*sitenAkg
kRmitGnzyeT[t. bJasMxan EdlecaTeLIgenAxN;enaH KW karbJbsRg<am.

RbCaCnrusSI
sMuo rdaPi:l bJbsRg<am . buEn CakartRbeyaCn . kmkr
nigTahan k*naMKa eZVI:tukm yagKRKwkKeRKg xHRbqaMg nwg rdaPi:l xHeT[t
KaMRTrdaPi:l EdleZVIkarbRg,abyagxaMgka . KWCakarRbyuTKamYy d*ZMsem|Im
nigelIkTI 1 edayeRbIGavuZ . Gksg<mniymkNalniym cUleZVIshkar Ca

mYyrdaPi:l edIm|I Kabsg,trdaPi:l obJbsRg<am . KWenAeBlenaHehIy
Edl elnIn RtLbmk rusSIvij . enAkgniekbbT Exemsa rbselak elnIn
Bnlza
cRkB&Rtniym CadMNak karcugeRkay rbs mUlZnniym
18
. xus
18
cRkB&Rtniym cMeJH elnIn manktakMNtR:M ? 1 karRbmUlpM mUlZn
nig
karEsgecjeLIg
karpacmux(monopoles) _
karnaMecj
mUlZn_ 3 karbeg,ItRbB&nRKbRKghirJvt edaymnusSmYyRkum
(oligarchie
financire) _4 karkekIteLIg nshRKasGnrCati _ 5 karEbgEck

BiPBelak edayBYk mUlZnniym.
61
(Rosa Luxemboug) elnIn minylza mUlZn
niym RtUvrlay edayxng enaHeLIy eRJH RbB&nesdkicenH manlkN;

enAkgniekbbT ExemsaqaM 1917
enaH elnIn :nbJakza BYkKhbtI rusSI KansmtPaB nig tYnaTI dwknaMbdivtn

dUckalBImuneT[teLIy dUcenH BYkeK RtUvRbKl tYnaTIenH mko BYksUev[tvij
edIm|Ibn kareZVIbdivtn . enAExmizuna BYkbuleqvIk
eRkamkardwknaM rbs elnIn
:nkayeTACa Rkumbdivtn Edlman smaCIkeRcIn CageK. KWenAeBlenaHehIy

Edl Rtuts<I :ncUlmkrYbrYmCamYy elnIn. rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn eZVIkarKab
sg,teTAelIelnIn EdlRtUvbgMcitrteTARCkekan enARbeTss)uyEGt rI Rtuts<I
RtUveKcabdakKuk CamYyBYkTahan EdlBMu RBmeTAsmrPUmi. buEn eRkaybraC&y
n rdRbhar rbs tmesnIy K&rnILhV Rtuts<I :nRtUvedaHElgmkvij. enA

JkkNal Exkk,da tmesnIy K&rnILhV
:nTTYlbJa :jrH eTAelIBYk
TahanbHe:r Caehtu bNalo Tahan Cit 6 mWun nak :tbgCIvit. buEn kar
bRg,ab
d*sem|ImGsarenH
BMu:nTTYleCaKC&yeLIy.
pyeTAvij
Gkbdivt
buleqvIk kanEtman CMhr xaMgEzmeT[t ehIy bnabBIman karts)UmtiKa sIBI
karEdlza etIRtUvvayykGMNacEtmg k*yagNaenaH BYkbul eqvIk k*seRmc

vayykGMNacEtmg tamkarBnl rbs elnIn.
karvayluk :nRbRBwteTA enAkgraRtI z 24_25 tula
(KittamRbtiTin
s)ullag RtUvnwg z 6_7 vicika tamRbtiTineRkRkUrag) swgEtKankarbgrQam

eRJHBMusUvman karTbTl bunan . swgEtenAkgeBlEtmYy san sanIyrzePIg
ZnaKar busTUrKmnaKmn
CaedIm :nZakeTAkgd
Gs. bnabmk KWkarvaylukpacRB&Rt yk
qaMRkhm buleqvik TaMg
raCvaMg sisirrdUv. RbtibtikarenH
minBi:kbunaneT eRJH kgT&BEdlKaMRT rdaPi:l beNaHGasn mancMnYn tic

Cag kgT&BEdlRbkan CMhrGBaRkwt KWbeNayokgT&Bbdivtn vayyk
62
raC
vaMgsisirrdUv edayRsYl.
karvayRbharenHRbRBwteTAedayKankarRCYlRcbl
GVICaZMdMueLIy. cracr enAtampvzl eragelan
PNaKar haglkTMnij man
skmPaB CahUrEh tmandac . RBwkeLIg enAz 25 tula Rtuts<I Rbkas

rMlayrdaPi:l beNaHGasnCapvkar. enAeBleLIgkanGMNac enATIRkugebRtU
Rkat elnIn nig
Rtuts<I manKMnit ksag rbb sg<mniym minRtwmEt enAkg
RbeTsrusSIbueNaHT
RbeTsrusSI
EdlenAeBlenaHCaRbeTsOnaPivDenAeLIy.
GkdwknaM buleqvIk TaMgBIrenH R:zacgERbkayC&yCMnHenH oeTACa C&yCMnH
rbskmkr enAbNaRbeTsSahkm enAGWrubeT[tpg CaBiessRbeTs GalWmg

eRJHmanEtpvenHeT EdlGac Zana nirnPaB n bdivtn rusSI :n. Rtuts<I :n
EzgdUecHza ?
mYy bdivtnrusSI naMoman bdivtn enAbsimRbeTs mYy
bdivtnrusSI nwg RtUvRbeTs mUlZnniym Rc:ck ozbdegImEtmg . mYyqaM

eRkaymk bdivtn :npHeLIg enARbeTsGalWmg
RKI
(1917_1918) RbeTs hug
(1919) enA hVaMgLg (ExminaqaM 1918) buEn :nRtUvrdGMNac bRg,abyag
xaMgka . enARbeTsGalWmg kal lIbeNc nig rUhSa lucsMbYr
(Karl Lieb-
kncht et Rosa Luxembourg) emdwknaM clna bdivtn kumynis s|artaKUs
(spartakisme) :nRtUveKeZVIXat . enAqaM 1919_1920 kubkm nig kUdkm enA
RbeTsGIutalI enARbeTs:raMg GgeKs nig enA shrd Gaemrik BMu:nnaMeTArk
bdivtnkumynis GVITaMgGs . enAcMeJHmux sPaBkarNEbbenH bdivtn buleq

vik enArusSI RtUvsitenAkg ehIy RtUvksagRbeTs edayxng.
eRkayeBlykGMNac:nehIy elnInk*cabepImksag rbb sg<mniym
(lubrbbkmsiTidIZI, lubeTasRbharCIvit
RBmTaMgbuBVsiTinana,
CatUbnIykm
ZnaKar, tRmUvoksikr RtYtBinitplitkm, GZibety nigsmPaB rbsBlrd
rusSI). eTaHCayagenHkI k*sRg<ampkgmYy rvagkgT&BRkhm nigkgT&Bs (raCa
niym) Edlman breTsKaMRT :npHHeLIgEdr. bdivtn Extula rbsrusSI enAEt

63
RtUvsaZarNmti catTukza CardRbhar.
cabBIqaM 1919 mk kgT&BRkhm
kgT&BRkhm
(hIuEtr,
:neZVI obsimelak mankarRBYy:rmyagxaMg. clna menaKmviCa RbqaMg nwg

k*ekIteLIgenAeBlenaHEdr
mUsSlInI,)
buEn
cMeJHRbeTsEdlRtUv RbeTsbsimelak eZVIGaNaniKm ehIy EdlcgrMedaHxn
ecjBI nwmRtYtRta breTs bdivtnExtula rbs rusSI k*:npl esckIsgwm

mYyd*ZM
eTAoBYkeKEdr.
taMgBIeBlenaHmk
clnaCatiniymenAkgRbeTsEdl
RtUveKeZVIGaNaniKmkic :nRtUveKykmkpSaPab CamYy clna kumynis Gnr

Cati. buEnkarpSaPab KMnit Catiniym nig
GnrCatiniym n vN;GZn :n
naMmknUvbJa d*sKsaj. rI lTikumynisEdlykGMNac:n muneBlTMeCa

n rcnasm&nsg<m k*:nnaMmk nUv bJasKsaj dUcKaGIucwgEdr. edIm|ITbTl
nwgkarbHe:r bdivtn rusSIRtUvbMbiTsiTiesrIPaBRKbEbbyag ehIy dakeTas d*
ZnZrdlBYkGkRbqaMg rYmbJl TaMgGkbdivtndUcKa nigRbeTskumynisEdl

rNb nwg RbeTsrusSI pgeT[t .
eTaHCayagenHkI k*elnIn :nseRmc eKal
edA rbsxn :nEdr edayeZVICatUbnIykm n JNiCkm ZnaKar sSahkm
nigsib|km. lMenAfan :nRtUvdakCasmUhPaB edayEckcay edaytbgz.

kardwkCJnsaZarN;
Twk
GKwIsnI
k* tbgzEdr
KW
sitenAkgkarRKbRKg
rbsrdTaMgGs. . buEn rUbiyvt RtUvrlMrlay ehIyCMnYsedaykaredaHdUr nig

karplR:kEx Carbsrbr. eTaHCayagenHk*eday k*karminsb|aycit cabepIm
ekItmaneLIg enAkgCYrRbCaCnEdr eRJH plitkm nig kRmitCIvPaB :ncuHzy

yagxaMg.
ehIykarEckcay
BIsMNak
BYkbdivtbuleqvIk
k*minRtwmRtUv
eTAtamKtiyutiZm(EzmeT[t.
enAEx
mina qaM 1921 enAcMeJHmuxkarkabGMNacpacmux nig GMeBIhwgSa enAtamCnbT

TahaneCIgTwkenARkugsat :nnaMKaegIbeLIg
bH
e:r TamTaroBYksUev[tvilmkkanGMNacvij ehIy ocattaMgkare:HeqatesrI
plesrIPaBmkopSaresrI ehIylubbM:t nKr:l neya:y eqka pgeT[(t.

64
buEn karbHe:renH :nRtUvRtuts<I bRg,ab:nvij . edayemIleTAeXIjza reb[b
RbeTscin cuHexSay CaGtibrma Edr . raCvgS CIg eRkamkardwknaMrbs GZiraCnI
minxan elnIn k*seRmc vilmkrk reb[bmUlZnniym smRsbmYy Ca beNaH
cin. buEn edayTTYlbraC&y enAkgsRg<amCamYy :raMg edIm|IykTwkdINcin
eZVIbdivtn EbbenH
(communisme de guerre) c|asCa naMeTArk PaBTalRck
Gasnsin enAqaM 1921 dEdlenaH
(La Nouvelle Politique conomique ou la
(1894-1895)
kgT&Bcin
k*cuHexSay ehIy:kTwkcityagxaMg.
enAedImstvtSr TI 20 raCvgSCIg RtUvRBQmmuxnwg bJamYyd*sMxan ? mYy

bnkarEkTRmg EdleZVIoBYkGPiCn _ EdlmineZVIGVI TaMgGs edIm|IRbeTsCati _
bdivtn cin
minsb|aycit
enA stvtSr TI 19 enAeRkam rCkal GZiraCCIg RbeTscin :ncuHexSay
bnicmg> CalMdab. ekalahl ecHEtekItmaneLIg tQbQr enAkgsg<m.
esdkic k*CYbnwgkarraMgsH ehIycMnYnRbCaCn :nekIneLIgenAkg brimaNmYy d*
ZMsem|Im. TnwmenaH RbeTs mhaGMNac bsimRbeTs k*naMKa cUlmkeRC{t
ERCkkg RbeTspgeT[t. CnCatiGgeKs :nnaMKa mkeZVIJNiCkmGaeP{nxus

c|ab Caehtu bNaloman karRbyuT eyaZamYy d*ZMelIkdMbUgbgs rvag Gg
(guerre de lopium : 1840) . braC&y rbs cin:neZVIo
BYkbsimRbeTs manTiBlenAkgRbeTscin . snisJa NgkaMg naz 29
sIhaqaM 1942 :nebIkpvoGgeKs ykTwkdI hugkug sRmabeRbIkgry;eBl

mYyCakMNt ehIyebIk TItaMgrksIu enAkgkMBgEpcMnYnR:M (es[min kgtug hV)hS)
NaMgbU nig es[g h) . minRtwmEt GgeKsbueNaHeT shrd Gaemrik nig
RbeTsCbun k*naMKamkmk ykTwkdIcin eZVICaTItaMg JNiCkmuEdr. karbHe:r n

clna tBIg :nnaMoman sRg<ampkgmYyd*yUr
(1851-1864). TalEtman
CMnYy BI BYkbsimRbeTs eTIbkarbHe:renH RtUvbRg,ab:n. minEtbueNaHesat

karrMeCIb rMCYlenAtamExRtenACay Edn dUcCaenA CIg cag nig mugeh<alI CaedIm
Edlman
(Cixi) (1860-1908) :neZVITMenIbkm RbeTs
(1883-1885) ehIybnabmkcajsRg<am CamYyRbeTsCbun edIm|IdeNImyk

RbeTskUer
NEP).
eKs nig raCkarcin
GPirkSniymmak RBHnamtSW h)Iu
karbMpusbMpul
BIRbeTs
rusSI
k*CamUlehtucm|g
65
EdlbNalo
mYy
k*RtUvelIkTwkcitdlBYkbdivt
Etmg
eRJHenAeBlenaH
bdivtn kMBug ecjrUbrag Ca GktMNag GnaKt RbeTs kanEtc|asNaseTA

ehIy.
enAeBlenaH BYknamWun nig BYknayTahanekg> RBmTaMgnisSit Edl
RCYtRCabeTAeday KMnitbdivtn rbs s)un yat esn minylRsb nwg TsSn;
GPirkSniym rbs BYkGPiCneLIy . BYkeKcg ERbkaycRkPBcin oeTACa sa

ZarNrd ehIy k*naMKaer[bcMvayrMlM rbbraCaniymEtmg. enAz 10 tulaqaM
1911 karegIbeLIgbHe:r enA vU cag :nvayrMlM rbbraCaniym ehIy bgMo
GZiraCBUUyI
(Aixinjueluo Puyi) dakraC . s)un yat esn beg,It rdaPi:l
beNaHGasnmYy enA NgkaMg enAz 12 minaqaM 1912 ehIyRbkasrbb sa

ZarNrd. bnabmk s)un yat esn :nRbKlGMNaceTAo tmesnIy y&n
sIuk. buEn minyUrbunan y&n sIuk :nlubsPaCati nig sPa tamExRtecal.
BYkGksaZarNrdniym EdlCaemdwknaM sMxan> naMKa rteTAlakxnnAbreTs

ehIy s)un yat esn eTARCkekan enARbeTsCbun. enAqaM 1915 y&n sIuk
EtgtaMgxng Ca GZiraC RbeTscinEtmg . buEn mhicta d*ZMeZg rbs y&n
sIuk :nRtUvnayTahanenAeRkambg<ab RbqaMgyagxaMg . tmesnIy y&n sIuk

TTYlmrNPaB
enAExmizunaqaM
1916
ehIy
TukGMNacecalKanGkdwknaM.
karEbk:kKa enAkgRkumGksaZarNrd :nCRmujoRbeTscin ZakeTAkgPaB

66
RcbUkRcblmYy d*ZM . BYkemT&B EdleZVIsRg<amRbyuT nwg Kag rkRckecj
EdlminEmnCa rbbeyaZaniym ehIyEdlGnuvt rbbesdkicesrIJkkNal.
edIm|Ier[bcMRbeTseLIgvij edaymanCMnYyBI RbeTsrusSI nig edaycgsm&nPaB
avant) ehIyCMruj oksikr ksageragcRkelahZatu. buEnEpnkarenH TTYl
cinZakeTAkgGnaZibety :nCasaBr . evCbNit s)un yat esn EdlCa
enAkgEpnkar d* mhimaenH. emA es Tug
minrYc. enAqaM 1920 s)un yat esn beg,It mUldanbdivtnmYy enAPaKxagt|g
CamYybkSkumyniscin. elak:nbRg,ab BYktmesnIy Edl:neZVIoRbeTs

sabnik
KNbkSCatiniymcin
enAqaM 1925. ecn kay ec[k
(Kuomintang/Guomindang) TTYlmrNPaB
(Tchang Kai-chek) CaGkbnevn. enAqaM 1927
KNbkS kYmIgtaMg :nRbqaMg nwgBYkkumynis EdlCasm&nmit CaehtubNal
enAqaM 1958 emA es Tug Gnuvt neya:y
mhaelatepaH (grand Bond en
braC&yTaMgRsugenAqaM 1960. ksikrcinRbmaN 50 lannak RtUv:tbgCIvit
(1893_1976) CasmaCik bkSkumy
niscin enAqaM 1921. enAeBlEdlBYkkumynis :nRtUv BYkkYmijtaMg edj

ecjBImUldan rbseK ehIy RtUveZVIdMeNIr kattMbndacRsyal yaglM:k
lMbineqaHeTAPaKxaeCIg
(la longue marche) emA es Tug :nkayeTACaGkdwknaM
omansRg<ampkgmYyd*ZM. enAqaM1931 kgT&BCbun cUllukluyRbeTscin.
kMBUl n bkSkumyniscin. bnab BI:nkMhit rbbsmUhPaB kgkarbg,begI,t
KaeZVIdMeNIr eTAtaMgTI enAtamTIPM kgtMbnJyB
BI:ner[bcM pasbrGkdwknaMcas n KNbkS ykeTAdakenAkEngminsMxan rYc
enAqaM 1934 BYkkYmijtaMg
:nedj BYkkumynisecj . BYkkumynis :nnaM
(la longue marche) ehIy
eTAtaMgmUldanT&BenA yUNan edIm|IeZVIsRg<amRB . KWenAeBleZVIdMeNIr d*lM:k
lMbin qgkat tMbndacRsyal enHehIy Edl emA esTug BRgwgCMhrBYk

kumynis oeZVIkarts)URbqaMg nwg BYkkYmijtaMg . eTaHbI BYkkYmijtaMg nig
bkSkumyniscin RbyuTKa yagxaMgka k*eday k*BYkeK BYtdKa RbyuTedjkg

T&BCbun ecjBIRsukEdr
TTYlbraC&yenAqaM 1945
(sRg<amTI 2 rvag cin nig Cbun) . eBlEdlCbun
(enAkgRkbx&N n sRg<amelakelIkTI 2) sRg<amp
pl nig:nbeg,ItrbbdwknaM eday KN bkSEtmYy tamKMrUsUev[t ehIy bnab
ralehIy emA :nbMpusoyuvCn bHe:rRbqaMg nwg GkdwknaMsMxan> n KN

bkSkumyniscinEtmg . kalenaH eKaledA n KNbkSkumyniscin KW RtUv
qgkat dMNakkalRbCaZibetysin ehIy bnabmk eTIbksag rbbsg<m
niym. buEn emA ylza RtUvksag sSahkm sg<mniymEtmg eRJH kar

qgkatdMNakkarRbCaZibety GacnaMeTArkkarvilmkvij n BYkvN;KhbtI .
buEn tamry;kareXasna clna
1957
ekaHtvan ehIyRbkas TIRkugtebH Ca rdZanI n saZarNrdcin CabeNaH
cabykeTAjatKuk Cem{secjBIRsuk k*ykeTA smabecalEtmg . enAqaM
Gasn. enAz 1 ExtulaqaM 1949 dEdlenaH BYkkumynis EdlmktaMgTI enA

TIRkugebkaMg
(bIyIg) k*RbkassaZarNrd RbCamanitucin rbseKEdr. enAeBl
EdlBYkkumynis ksag rdkumynisenAGMLgqaM 1949_1954 BYkeKplrUb
PaBmYy EdlmanlkN;Ca rbbBhubkS buEn tamkarBit KWCa rbbpackarmYy

67
elgqakelanmYy
(campagne des cents fleurs) enA qaM
kgkanEtman RTgRTayZMEzmeT[t . enAqaM 1949 kmaMg rbs kumynis :n

deNImyk dIeKak:nTaMgGs. ecn kay c[k :nnaMrdaPi:l eTAtaMgTI enA
emA
p,a100
eZVICaebIkoman
siTiriHKn.
Edl:nnaM
eTArkesaknadkmmYyd*ZM
GkEdlh)anriHKn
emA
cMnYnrabryJnnak :nRtUveK
1962 lU ecACI :nseRmcbJb neya:y mhaelatepaH rbs emA es Tug

EdlTTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug . etg s)av BIg ylRsb nwgkarEkTRmg rbs lU
ecACI
Edl:nhuclTpll.
emdwknaMKNbkSkumyniscin
TaMgBIrnak
enH dkhUt emA ecjbnicmg> BIkEngsMxan n GMNac . enAqaM 1966 emA

68
bMpusbdivtnvb|Zm( ehIykabGMNacTaMgmUlvij. lU ecACI nig etg s)av BIg
mkraqaM 1976) CaBiess bnab BIemA EckdaneTA
enAqaM 1969 etg s)av BIg nig RKYsarRtUv emA bJnoeTAeZVICakmkr enAerag
ylza RbeTscin RtUvykkarrIkceRmIn esdkic CaZM :nyk C&yCMnHeTAelI
:nRtUvemA catTukza CaGksaMniym ehIy ykeTAdakXMuXaMg enAqaM 1968.

cRkeKayn enA caMgsIu . kUnRbusrbs etg s)av BIg :nkayeTACa mnusS
(z 9 kJa qaM 1976)
RbeTscin ZakeTAkgvibti mYy d*ZM. etg s)av BIg nig hVa kY hVwg GkEdl
BYkGkbnbdivtn vb|Zm( dwknaMeday Priyaemmay rbs emA
( la Bande des
Bikar bnabBIelat BIelIGaKar sklviTal&yebkaMg eRJHEtRTaMRT nwg TaruN
quatre) EdlRtUveKcab enAz 6 tulaqaM 1976 . elakRsI cag CIg Priya
elIxn. enAExsIha qaM 1972 etg s)avBIg RtUvbgMcitsresrsMbuRt sUmeTas
etg s(av BIg k*cabepImer[bcM RbeTscin eLIgvij edayeRCIserIsykkarrIk
km RBmTaMgkarRbmazkatTan benakbnabRKbEbbyag EdlBYkqaMRkhm eZVImk

elakRbZanemA EdlbnabBIeZVICa RbZanaZibtI enAqaM 1954_1959 ehIy eLIg
mkkanGMNacvij CaRbZanbkSpg Ca RbZanaZibtIpg enAqaM 1966
(bdivtn
vb|Zm() rhUtdl eBlTTYlmrNPaBenAqaM 1976. mYyqaMeRkaymk etg s)av
BIg :n RtUveKGnuJat oRtLbmkebkaMg ehIy cUleTAkgCYrKNbkSkumy

niscinvij. rI lU ecA CI vij edayRtUveKvaydMRcMZak xaMgeBk elak k*TTYl
mrNPaBenA kgKukenAz 12 vicika qaM 1969 . cabtaMgBIqaM 1966 mk

edayEpkeTAelIkmaMgyuvCn emA BRgIkBRgwg KMnitksag rbbsg<mniym eday
min:cqgkat dMNakkarRbCaZibety ehIy catTukGkEdlmanKMnitxusBIenH
zaCaBYk
esIerIniym
( rvisionnistes ) cUld BYkvN;KhbtI ehIyk|t
emmay
PaB sUev[t enAeBlEdl emA cgCana CamYyshrdGaemrikvij
(enAqaM 1959
emA TasETg CamYyTIRkugmUs<) . TMnasenH tamkarBitmanmk taMgBIqaM 1930

mk
KWenAeBlEdl
salIn
cgpleyabl
oemA
kgkardwknaMbdivtn) .
emA :nGeJIjelakRbZanaZibtI Gaemrik nicsun omkeZVITsSnkic enAz 10
kk,daqaM 1971. enAz 13 kJa qaM 1971 dEdl lin Jv TTYlmrNPaB

enAkgkarpHynehaH. enAqaM 1976 bnabBI CU eGn Lay TTYlmrNPaB
69
(8
emA :nRtUveKykeTA
kateTasRbharCIvit.
cabBIeBlenaHmk
ceRmInesdkic CaGaTPaB.
PaBRcbUkRcbl n C&yCMnH
rbs ExrRkhm
enAz 17 emsa qaM 1975

La confusion de la victoire des Khmers rouges
Le 7 avril 1975
tmKti kumy nis. enAqaM 1971 lIn Jv GtItGnuRbZan bkSkumynis
cin :nRtUv emA ecaTza maneKalbMNgcgk|t edaygaker eTArkbEgkBI sh
rbs
enAeBlEdlkgT&BExrRkhm
vaysRmukcUleTAkgTIRkugPMeBj
KN;
mCimbkSExrRkhm (bkS kumynis kmCa) eRkamkardwknaM rbs bul Bt :n
seRmcCem{sRbCaCn Edlrs enAkgTIRkug ecjGsBITIRkug . RbCaCnTIRkug
PMeBj cMnYn BI 2 eTA 3 lan nak RBmTaMgRbCaCnEdlrsenAkgTIrYmExRt nana

:nRtUv
bdivtn
rbsKN;mCim
ExrRkhmcatTukza
CaxaMgTaMgGs.
BMu:nRtUvpSBVpSaydlkmaPi:l
buEnkarseRmcEbb
muneBl
enH
kgT&BcUl
eTAdlPMeBjeT Caehtu eZIVoman PaBRcbUkRcblmYy d*ZM . kmaPi:lExr
RkhmxH Edl:nTTYlbJa BIeBlmun :nkMhito RbCaCn e:HbgecalpH

70
sMEbgrbseK eRkamkarKMramkMEhg n kaMePIg Ga ka 47 nigRKab eb 40 .
sitenATIRkugPMeBj. sMNMuer}g nig bJaZM> Edl bul Bt RtUvBinit nig edaH
xaMg eRJHza vaBMuKYroeC}esaHza vaGacman bJaEbbenH BIzakelI . BYkExr
:tdTeT. enHCabJamYy d*sKsaj. bul Bt minRtwmEt min:nERbkay
BYkExrRkhm EdlBMuTan:nTTYlbJaEbbenH enAeLIy mankareg}gql yag
RkhmTaMgenH Edlmin:nTTYl bJacugeRkayenH :nxitxM TbTlkMuo eKedj

RbCaCnecjBITIRkug. buEnKWenAeBlenaHEdr EdlkarEbk:k pkgbkS :ncab
epIm. bul Bt catTukGkEdlRbqaMg nwgviZankar rbsxnzaCa BYkk|t. elak

sU
ENm
EdlminylRBm
olubbM:trUbiyvt
:nRtUv
eKykeTAsmab
ecal. rI GkEdlRbqaMg nwg karvayrMlMecal Cabnan n rbb kmsiTikCn
k* RtUv bul Bt catTukza CaxaMgpgEdr . bul Bt yl edayeqatlgza
eKGaceZIVGIV :nTaMgGs kalNa eKkabGMNac :nehIy . bul Bt eC}zaeK

GacRKbRKgRbCaCn:n eday eRbIGMNacpackar . bul Bt Kitza edaykar
P&yxacRbCaCnExrc|asCa nwg eZIVGIVRKbEbbyagTaMgGsedIm|I GnuvtbJa rbs
bdivtn . viZankar TImYyenH rbs bul Bt Ca karP&nRcLM mYy d*ZM EdlCH
TiBl d* EsnGaRkk dlbdivtn enAeBleRkay> mkeT[t . kMuzaeLIyEtBYk
vN;GPiCn nig KhbtI EdlCa sRtUv CamUldan rbs bdivtn kumynis
sUm|IEtRbCaCnsamJ EdlCaGkrgeRKaH edaysar BYkesdI BYkkmaPi:l

ExrRkhm k* enATIbMput naMKak|t bul Bt TaMgGsEdr . enH mkBI esrIPaB nig
RbeyaCn rbs mnusSmak> :nRtUveKykmkCanQI nwgeCIg edaytGasUr .
eRkaymk bul Bt :ndwg GMBI braC&y n viZankarenHEdr buEnGIV> k* RCul
hYsGseTAehIy KW manEtpveZIVxusbn eTAeT[tbueNaH ERkg GachuclTpl

viCman
Rsay maneRcIntKNna edayehtuzabdivtn RtUvksagrdGMNacmYyzI eday

sRtUvoeTACamiteT Et:nERbkay mitCitsiTi oeTACa sRtUvEzmeT[t . Rtg
cMNucenH
eKseg,teXIjza
bul
Bt
minTukcit
rhUtdleTAk|nyuTsaRs
EdlxnZab:ner[npgeT[t . sMnYrEdleKecaTsYr KW ? etIeKGac ksagsg<m
Cati :neT ebIeKmineRbIkmaMgRKbRbePT kmaMg n sg<mTaMgmUlenaH / enH Ca
cMNucmYyd*sMxan sRmabGkdwknaM eRkay>mkeT[t. yuTviTU nig Gkneya:y
EdlBUEk KWGkEdlecHeRbI kmaMgsg<mTaMgmUl oedIrtam eKaledAmYy EdleK

:nRtYsRtay ehIyEdlman RbeyaCn sRmabTaMgGsKa buEn edIm|IedIro:n
dleKaledAl eKminRtUveRbIpvGaRkkeLIy eRJH suPmg<l nig esrIPaB rbs
mnusSCaeKaledA EtmYyKt n ralkarts)U. sMxanCagenHeTAeT[t eKRtUvdwgza

eKGacRKbRKg
nigeRbIR:skmaMgsg<m
edayRbsiTiPaB:n
RKbRKg GkmanesrIPaB KW minEmn RKbRKgTaskr enaHeLIy.
kalNa
eKGac
bJa sMxan> Edlbul Bt
RtUvedaHRsay eRkay RBwtikarN z 17 emsa

Pol Pot face aux problmes
qui se posent aprs le 17 Avril 1975
(La fuite en avant) . karBit pvxus minGacnaMeTA rkRtUvvij:neLIy .
bul Bt :ncUlmkTIRkugPMeBj enAz 2 emsa qaM 1975 edayKanGk
NadwgTaMgGs eJlKW 2 s:h munkarkabykrdZanIExr :nTaMgRsug. Tal
EtmYys:heRkayz 17 emsa eTIbBYkExrRkhm :ndwgza em rbs BYkeK

71
enAeBlEdl ExrRkhm vayykTIRkugPMeBj :nehIy bul Bt RtUv
RBQmmux nwg bJaZM> dUcCa kar:kEbkeRbHqapkg nigbJakarJrRbeTs

CaedIm CaBiess karksag rdGMNacbdivtn. enAEx emsa nig Ex sPa qaM
72
1975
bul
Bt
ebIkGg<RbCMukargartQbQr.
bJaEdlRtUvedaHRsay
cin CabEgkEtmYyKt rbs rbb ExrRkhm. enAEx kJaqaM 1975 semc
dlemag 11 yb kNalGaRZatEtmg. bJaEdlsKsajCageK Kw kae
bnabBI:nedaHbJaTI 1 ehIy bul Bt RtUvedaHRsaybJa mYyeT[t.
suTEtCabJaEdlKanRck emaHehIyGg<RbCMunImYy> RbRBwtieTAtaMg BIRBwkrhUt
neratm sIhnu EdlmantYnaTICaRbmuxrd dEdl:nvil RtLbmkkmCavij.
Edl BYkemkgT&BExrRkhm BMuRBmsitenA eRkambJakar rbs GMNacmCim
eRkayeBlEdlsemc neratm sIhnu yagmkdl kmCabnic RbeTsev[t
:nCa GMNacTaMgmUlrbs bdivtn RtUvEbgEck CaPUmiPaKepSg> ehIy em
CeRmIsGIVeT[tTalEtesaH eRJH mYyPaK n emkgT&BExrRkhm suTEtCaGtIt
KWsuxcit RKbRKgtMbnEdleKkankabedayxneKpalEtmg. ehtudUecHehIy
mak> rkSasV&yPaB rbseK yagmWugmat. enAeBldEdlenaH bul Bt :rm
xacERkgRbeTsz nigRbeTsev[tNam eq{tykOkasenaH vayykRsukExr
Etmg. eTAHbIGaemrik :ndkkgT&BecjBI NcineTAehIykI k* bul Bt enA

Etxac Gaemrik TmakRKabEbk bneT[tEdr. enAEx sPaqaM 1975 k:ldwk
TMnijGaemrik mayaeh<s
(Mayaguez) :nRtUveyaZaExrRkhm kakTuk Ca
ehtueZIVoGaemrik TmakRKabEbkeTAelITItaMgkMBugEp edIm|IrMedaHnavaenaH. enATI
Nam :ndaksanTUt rbseK enATIRkugPMeBj. bul Bt enAeBlenaH Kan
shkarI rbs ev[tNam EdlBMuTancuHsRmug nwg bul Bt enAeLIy . dUcenH
TIRkughaNUy enAEtman lTPaBKabsg,t GkbdivtExrCanic . bul Bt man

karcMEbgcityagxaMgkalebI:ndwgza kGK<rdTUtev[tNam KWelak paM van :
Etmg . kalBICag 20 qaM mun elak paM van : :nnaM bul Bt ocUlmk
kgRbeTskmCa edIm|IoeTAhathVwkhVWn eZIVbdivtn . mYyvijeT[t karEdl
RbeTsev[tNam RbjabdakcMNgkarTUt CamYyExrRkhm eRJH enAExemsa
bMput nava mayaeh<s k*:nRtUvBYkExrRkhm GnuJatoecjeTAvij. KWwenA
nig ExsPa kgT&BExrRkhm :neTAtaMgTI enAkgekaHCaeRcIn enAQUgsmuRT
ry;eBl 4 z. enHebIeyageTAtamkarniTan rbs Qwm sa mak Edl:n
TTYls<albUrNPaB EdndIExr enARtgelI RbPB eRbgkateRkamsmuRT . bJa
eBlenaHehIy Edl bul Bt ZakQW dac:ydacTwk h)wgRtec[k Gs
RtUvRbvtiviTU Gaemrik edvId cinEdr ykmksesr enAkges[vePAmYy Edlman

cMNgeCIgza bul Bt bgTI 1 (David
Chandler : Pol Pot Frre Numro Un,
Plon, Paris, 1992) . kgcMeNambJa cMeJHmuxsMxan> Edl bul Bt

RtUvedaHRsay manbJaBIrEdleZIVo bul Bt man karbHTg<icpvcit yagxaMg
eRJHsuTEt CabJaGtItkal . bJaTI 1 KW karKabsg,t BI sMNakRbeTs

cin bgM obdivtnExr TTYlyk semc neratm sIhnu eTAEzrrkSao:nsm
Rsb. eTaHbI enAkgeKalkarN nbdivtn vN;GZn semc neratm sIhnu
RtUvcatTukzaCa sRtUvkI k*enATIbMput bul Bt RtUvbgMciteZIVtamsinEdr eRJH
73
es[m edIm|IKabsg,t oev[tNamBiniteLIgvij nUvkarkMNtEdnsmuRT eday

sMxan mYyeT[t KW karbJlRbCaCn 17 emsa eJlKW GkTIRkugRbmaN BI
2 eTA 3 lan nak EdlRtUv bul Bt :ncabbgM oeTAeZIVERscm,ar ocUlmk

kgsg<mbdivt. enHCabJa d*sKsaj eRJHGkTaMgenaHRtUv bul Bt catTuk
za suTEtCaxaMgTaMgGs.
karbeg,It rd bdivt rbs ExrRkhm

La cration dun Etat rvolutionnaire
par les Khmers rouges
74
dUceyIg:ndwgrYcmkehIy ExrRkhm:nvayyk TIRkugPMeBj:n yag
qabrh&s.
buEneBl:nGMNacehIyeKBMudwgRtUvksagrdGMNacreb[bNaeT.
bJaEdlecaTeLIg cMeJHmux KWza etIRtUve:HbgecalkmaMg sg<mcas Etmg
k*rkSaTuksin. bul Bt
:nseRmc ykkarksagkmaMgzI edayt rYjra
eTaHbI kmaMgzI sRmabksag RbeTsenaH manenAEt kgGarmN rbs bul
Bt kI. enH CakarRsemIRsm rbsGkdwknaMswgEtRKbrUb EdlEtgEt eC}za
kMNtzTMnij. rI ParkicJNiCkm kg nigeRkARbeTs :nRtUvRbKleTAo

kuy ZYn. sun esn TTYlbnk xagsnisux kgRbeTs nigGK<bJakarkgT&B.
vn evt manParkicTTYlxusRtUv xagsSahkm Gys&yan
nigensaT . ng
sYn TTYlxusRtUv xagksikm ehIy Qwm saemak CanayxuTkal&y rbs

naykrdmRnI . sWm sug EdleRkaymk :nRtUvEtgtaMg CakGK<rdTUt RbcaM
RbeTskUer xag eCIg :nTTYlParkicxag KN;eXasna mCimbkS. ex[v ZirwT
eKGac brstiGarmN rbs mnusS kgry;eBlmYy d*xI edayeRbIGMNacpac
Priya rbs eG[g sarI :nRtUv bul Bt cattaMgoTTYlxusRtUvxagsg<mkic
ZmCati rbsRbeTs kmCa manRKbRKanTaMgGs sRmabeZIVoesdkic RbeTs
kareXasna maKa(bdivt.
karneya:yEtmYymuxbueNaH. mYyvijeT[t bul Bt eC}zaePaKRTB sm|ti
TaMgmUlmandMeNIrkarl dUcBIeBlmun k* RbesIrCagmun eTAeT[t eRJHtam
ehIy yun yat Priya rbs sun esn TTYlbnk xag vb|Zm( GbrMCati nig
tYnaTI rbs semc neratm sIhnu enAqaM 1975enaH KanGIVc|aslas eT
karviPaK rbs bul Bt k* dUcCamtiTUeTA rbs GkmakSniym dUecHEdr enA
. enAqaM 1976 CU eGnLay GkdwknaMcin EdlKaMRT semc neratm sIhnu
TukzaCasPav;GaRkkenaH k *rlMrlay GseTAEdr. buEn bJaEdlecaT KW za
ety :nRtUvRbkasoeRbI.
eBlEdlbdivtnkumynis kabGMNac:nehIy BYkmUlZnniym EdleKcat
etI eKRtUvksag rbb sg<mniymreb[bNa / bul Bt riHrkRKbmeZa:y

edIm|IrkviZIsaRsmYyzI
sRmabbeg,ItrdbdivtmYy
oxusEbkBIsab&n
Edl
RbeTssg<mniym :nbeg,It kngmk . buEn seRmcsRmYceTA edayrkmin

eXIj k*suxcitrkSaTuk nUv viZIsaRs Edl bNaRbeTssg<mniym :nkMNt
edaybeg,ItrdsPamYy nig rdaPi:lmYy. enAEx tula qaM1975 bul Bt :n

EbgEckParkicepSg> eTAoGkbdivt 11 rUb buEn rkSaTuk sRmabxnpal nUv
vis&ysMxan> 2 KW esdkic nig karkarJr RbeTs. nYn Ca :nTTYlParkic
xagGg<karcattaMg nig GbrMCati ehIy eG[g sarI RtUvcattaMgoTTYlbnk

xagkarbreTs TaMgkgbkS TaMgkgrd. ex[v sMpn TTYlbnkxagTMnakTMng Ca
mYyrNsir rYbrYmCati kmCa CaBiessCamYy semc neratm sIhnu . buEn
TnwmenaH
ex[v
sMpn
manParkicmYyeT[t
75
KW
GkkanKNeny
nig
Gk
TTYlmrNPaB. KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdlrdZmnuJ n rbb kmCa RbCaZib

sIhnu
enAz
20
mina
qaM
1976
semc
neratm
:n laElg BImuxtMENgRbmuxrd edayKankarbgitbgMGIV TaMgGs
BIsMNak bdivtnExrRkhm. buEn KWenAzenaHgEtmg EdlExrRkhmer[bcM
kare:Heqat eRCIstaMg sPaRbCaCn. sUmbJakza ebIeyageTAtamksar

rbs edvId cinEdr enAeBlEdl semc neratm sIhnu laElg BI muxtMENg
RsabEt ExrRkhm EbrCaman kareRkveRkaZeTAvij. karseg,tenH rbs edvId
cinEdr k* RtwmRtUvEdr eRJHkalBIqaM 1975 bul Bt man kareTIsETg nwg
semc neratm sIhnu yagxaMg. tamkarBiteTA ExrRkhmylza karlaElg

BI muxtMENg enH KWCaEl|gneya:ymYy EdleZIVo ExrRkhm:kmux . buEn
enAeBlenaH sanPaBrbssemc neratm sIhnu k* man sPaByabyWun

RTaMRTswgmin:nEdr
cMeJHRBHGg<
EdlZabEtmanGMNacBitR:kd.
bul
Bt :nbJnex[v sMpn oeTAniyaysRmuHsRmYlCamYysemcneratm sIhnu

76
edIm|IBnaeBlbnicsin. buEnseRmcsRmYceTA KWCakartRbeyaCn . enAkg
ehIyex[v sMpn :nRtUvEtgtaMg Ca RbZanKN;RbZanrd. bnabBIRBwtikarN
tamTmab rbs Gkneya:y kareRbIkitanuPaB rbs vrCnsMxan> edIm|IbeRmI
dMNakkar d*Bi:kbMput rbs semc neratm sIhnu EdlKansgwmGVIeT[t
qak
neya:y
El|geRbITiBlKaeTAvijeTAmkenH
CayuTviZImYyd*sMxan.
plRbeyaCn rbsRkumbkSBYkxn vaCaer}gmYy swgEtTUeTAeTAehIy . enAkg

krNI n bdivtnExrenH minzaeLIyEt semc neratm sIhnu bueNaHeT Edl
RtUvGkxaMgykeTAeRbIEbbenH sUm|IEtbJaCn EdlmanRbCaRbiyPaBRKanebI k*
RtUveKRbmUlyk eTAoKaMRT rbbmYy EdlkMBug cuHTiBl Edr . ebI h)anerI
bRmas BYkeKnwg bgcekreQaH kMuoegIbmuxrYcEtmg .
karKUsvas ExSbnatneya:y eRkARbeTs

rbs ExrRkhm
tamdan RBwtikarNGnrCati Caer[gralz . munRBwtikarNenHbnic Kw muneBl

EdlExrRkhm seRmcsuxcitTTYlykkarsMulaElgBImuxtMENg rbs semc
neratm sIhnu KN;mCimbkS kumynis kmCa :nebIkGg<RbCMumYy edIm|I
edaHRsay bJa RbeTsev[tNamEdlenAEtBMu RBm dkkgT&B rbseK ecjBI
TwkdI Epksan n RbeTskmCa . enHCabJa mYy d*sKsajbMput cMeJH
ExrRkhm KW sKsaj CagbJa kMNtRBMEdneTAeT[t eRJHza CabJa cMeJH
mux. eTaHbI bul Bt eC}za kgT&BExrRkhm Ca kgT&B d*GgGac Gacvay

:rm
kmCa enAeBlenaH maneQaHza kmCaRbCaZibety . rbbExrRkhm Edl

manlkN;xusqayNas
BIkmviZIneya:y
Edl BYkeK :n kMNt enAExsPa qaM 1970. eKalkarN CamUldan n

rbb kmCa RbCaZibety KW rbbsmUhPaBniym eJlKW rbbkumyniscM Et
mg. karGnuvtneKal karN rbbsmUhPaBniymenH tRmUvo RbCaCnRBm
TaMgRTBsm|ti nig meZa :ybg,begItplTaMgGs RtUv ykmkdakCasm|ti
rYm. rI vb|Zm(zI RtUvRbyuT vaykMeTcvb|Zm( BukrlYy n sg<mcas . CMen}

sasna RKbRbePT RtUvham Xat. enAz 2 emsaqaM 1976 dEdlenaH
ExrRkhmsuxcit TTYlkarlaElg BImuxtMENg rbs semc neratm sIhnu

77
xacERkgev[tNam
vayRbharmkelIRsukExr
enAzNamYyenAeBl
xagmuxEdr . eTaHenAkgkrNINakI k* bul Bt dwg yagc|asEdr za karrkSa
enAExmkra qaM 1976 ExrRkhm RbkasrdZmnuJ rbseK . RbeTs

kgrdZmnuJenaH
eRkABIkarvivtn n sankarN. enAkgraCvaMg RBHGg< manEtviTmYysRmab
ykTwkdIExr Edlev[tNam :nkicykeTA kalBIeBlmunkI k* bul Bt enAEt
Esquisse de la ligne politique

extrieure des Khmers rouges
kMNtenA
enH semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUvykeTAdakXMuTuk enAkgraCvaMg . enHCa
sniPaB CakarmYyd*Bi:k. enAkgsanPaBEbbenH karkMNt neya:y eRkA

RbeTs k*kanEtBi:kEzmeT[t CaBiess enAeBlmYy Edl semc neratm
sIhnu BMuRBmcUlrYmcMENk kgbdivtnExr.
za
enAkgGg<RbCMuKN;mCim naedImqaM 1976 enaH ExrRkhmmak :nEzg
semc
neratm
sIhnu
kMBugEtRtUvRbeTs:raMg
shrd
Gaemrik
nig
RbeTscin e:Hbgecal rIRbeTskmCa enAeBlenH k*CabkundUcKaGuIcwgEdr.
ebIeyag eTAtam karviPaKepSg> XacugeRkayenH sMedA CaBiess eTARbeTs

ev[tNam. ExrRkhm EdlbeJjmti rbseK enAkgGg<RbCMuenaH :nbEnm
eT[tza ; eTaHCa yagNakI k*eyIg nwgGacmanmitPki enAGaRhVIkEdr eRJH

bniceT[tenH eKKg nwg:ndwgza etI bdivtneyIg manzamBlxaMg EbbNa .
78
GkEdleLIgniyay enaH EdlBMuylGIVTaMgGs BIsankarNGnrCati RBmTaMg
TMnas rvagcin nwgev[tNamEpkTwkdI Edl:nkayeTACaTMnas rvag kmCa nig
GMBI CMen} rbseKza bnic eT[tenH clna bdivt enAkgRbeTsTaMgLay enA
bEgk rI ev[tNam eKyk shPaB sUev[t CaemekIy . taMgBIqaM 1959 mk
sankarN
neya:y
enAkgPUumiPaK
GasIuGaeKy :nktsMKalbEnmeT[t
GasIuGaeKy GacnwgykC&yCMnH:n ehIydUcenH eyIgnwgkayeTACaRKUZM rbs
eKCaBMuxan. kalebI :nsab bTGnraKmnenHehIy bul Bt EdlminEdl

GankaEst sabviTGIVNamYy eRkABIkaEst nig viTkumynis edIm|IEsVg
yldwgGMBI
sPaBkarNBiPBelak
k*manCMen}yagmaMza
clnakumynis
nwgRtUvRKbRKgBiPBelakTaMgmUl kgeBlqab> xagmuxenH . enH CacMNuc

exSaymYyd*ZM rbs bul Bt nig BYkExrRkhm ehIy k*Ca cMNucexSay rbs
Gkneya:yExrmYycMnYnEdr
EdlBMueC}eTAelIkar
viPaKGIVNamYy
eRkABIkar
eXasna rbs Rkumxn . yagNamij KaneRKaHP&yGVIZMCag karEdleKeC} Et

eTAelI karPUtPr rbs xnpalenaHeT .
ev[tNamEtmg. 2 TMnasExSry;bdivtn mann&yza ExrRkhm ykcin Ca
cin nig shPaB sUev[t mankarTasETg ExVgKMnitKa yagxaMg KW deNIm

tYnaTIKa dwknaMbdivtn enAkgBiPBelak.
enAkgbdivtn
kumynisExr
yagNamij
TMnasEdlekIteLIg
k*manRbPBecjBITMnasenHEdr.
BYkExrRkhm
EdlsitenAeRkamkardwknaM rbs bul Bt naMKaedIrtam maK(abdivt rbs cin
EdlBYkeKcatTukza Cabdivtn vN;GZn BitR:kd. xagev[tNam enaHvij
eKcatTukzalTiemAniym BMubkRsaylTimakS_elnInedayRtwmRtUveT. cin:n

ykmaK(a
mhaelatepaHmhaGsar (Le grand bond en avant) mkeZIVCa
eKalkarN bdivt rbseK. seRmcsRmYceTA bkSkumynis kmCa RtUv:k
EbkKaGs ehIyGkEdlRbqaMg nwg maK(aenHRBmTaMg RbCaCnExrstRtg Cit
2 lan nak :nRtUveKykeTAsmabecal yagexacpSa enAkgenaH PaKeRcIn

Ca
kare:ssMGat Cnk|t
RbCaCn 17 emsa
19
. GkTaMgenH RtUveKcatTukza CaxaMgsRtUv rbs
bdivtn . sRmabkmaPi:lZM> bul Bt :nbeg,It KukmYy KW
enAkg pbkS
KukTYulEsg
edIm|I eZIVTaruNkmsYrcemIy GkEdl RtUvCabsgS&yza man eKalbMNg vay

rMlM bul Bt.
Les purges de 1975-1977

enAeBlEdl bul Bt RbKltYnaTI naykrdmRnI mkoxng enAEx emsa
qaM 1976 kickarsMxanbMput KW karksag rbb sg<mniym nig karkMcatxaMg
Edl bul Bt eC}zakMBugbg,bxnenAkgCYrbkS. bul Bt sMedA CaBiess eTA
elIGkEdlmankarCabJkB&n CamYy ev[tNam Edl bul Bt catTuk za

CasRtUv TI 1. tamkarBiteTA eRkABITMnasCaRbBNI rvagGkdwknaMRbeTs TaMg
2 enARKbCMnan RKbrbb neya:y ExrRkhm man TMnasBIr eT[t KW ? 1

79
19
bJaCn nig GkdwknaM bdivtn CaeRcIn Edl:ncaje:k
RbCaCn 17 emsa CaRbCaCn EdlrsenAkgTIRkug ehIy Edl:nRtUv
ExrRkhm edjecj BIlMenAfan rbseK enAz 17 emsaqaM 1975 oeTArs
enACnbTvij edIm|IRbkbmuxrbrCaksikr. enAkgcMeNamGkERscm,ar GkTaMg

enHRtUv RbCaCnmUldan KW RbCaCnEdl manedImkMeNItenACnbT catTukza
Ca GnuRbCaCn .
80
ExrRkhmk*:nRtUv bul Bt bJneTATIienaHEdr edIm|IeZIVTaruNkm yageXareXA
Caehtu eZIVokmaPi:lCaeRcIn RtUvcabykeTAsYrcemIy enAKukTYlEsg. py
enAExkJa qaM1976 GK<mK<eTskumynis d* mhima cin KW elak emA
bJb n GMeBIk|t viZankarTaMgenH EbreTACa karcabepImrIkraldal nGMeBI
mun nwg pacCivitecal .
es Tug TTYl mrNPaB . bul Bt EdleTAcUlrYm kgBiZIbuNsB elak

RbZanemA :nEzgenAkgOkasenaHza
RbeTs kmCa Ca RbeTs EdlRbkan
lTi makS_elnIn buEn KMnitEdlsm|N(N(Ebb CageK KW KMnit rbs elak

RbZanemA. BIrzeRkaymk enARsukExr N sarn ehAmit ya EdlCa
elxabkS tMbnsan :nRtUvcabxn edayRtUvCabecaTBIbT
k|tbdivtn .
bnabmk Ekv mas :nRtUvcabxnenAz 25 kJa. enAeBlenaH bul Bt :n

RbkaslaElg BImuxtMENg naykrdmRnI edaysMGag elImUlehtu suxPaB.
bul Bt :nRbKlmuxtMENgenH CabeNaHGasnsin eTAo nYn Ca. buEn enA

Extula bul Bt k*:nvilmkkanmuxtMENgenHvij. tamkarBit karRbKl mux
tMENgenH CabeNaHGasn eTAo nYn Ca RKanEt Ca l|ic rbs bul Bt Et

bueNaH. bul Bt cgdwgza etIGkNaxH EdlmineBjcitnwgxn . muneBl
Edl bul Bt RtLbmkkantYnaTI CanaykrdmRnIvij man er}gmYy :nekIt
eLIg KW karExVgKMnitKa GMBI karkMNt zkMeNItbkS . xHza qaM1951 xHeT[t

za qaM1960. bnabBI N sarn nig Ekv mas RtUvcabxn bul Bt :n
bJakza zkMeNItbkS KW qaM 1960. GkTaMgBIrenH EdlCa CnkumyniseCIg
cas KWCMnanbNaqaM 50 BMuRBmTTYls<al bul Bt eT eRJHeKenAEtmanCMen}

eTAelIev[tNamCadrab. enAExkJa qaM 1976 enaH eG[g sarI :nelIkeLIg
GMBIkarbunbgeZIVrdRbharrMlM bul Bt buEn eG[g sarI k* :nbJak pgEdrza

kgT&B KanCabJkB&nkger}genHeT. KW cabtaMgBIeBlenaHmkehIy Edlskm
PaBZMbMputrbs bul Bt :jmuxRBYj EteTAelIGIV Edl bul Bt ehAza
Cn
k|tbdivtn . cMeJH bul Bt xaMg nig Cnk|tsitenA RKbTIkEngTaMgGs

81
BI karyleXIj rbs bul Bt za ePrvkm Ca meZa:y EdlnaMeTArk kar

k|t eBjpbkS eTAvij.
karBRgwg TMnakTMng rvag rbb

kmCaRbCaZibety nig RbeTscin RbCamanitu
Dveloppement des relations entre
Le Kampuche dmocratique et
la Rpublique Populaire de Chine
enA z 28 kJa qaM 1977 bul Bt :neTAeZIVTsSnkic Capvkar enA
TIRkugebkaMg. GkGmdMeNIr manCaGaT ; eG[g sarI, vn evt, CYn eC}n RBm

TaMgemdwknaMExrRkhm mYycMnYnpgEdr. bul Bt :nTTYl bdisNarkic yag
GZikGZm BIsMNak GkdwknaMcin zakkMBUl KW hVa kY hVwg nig etg s)av BIg.
enAkgOkasenaH bul Bt eZIVsg,zaCaeRcIn enAkgBiZICbel[gnana EdlGk

dwknaMcin :ner[bcM yagmmajwk TTYlCakitiysdlGkdwknaMExrRkhm. bul
Bt :nsMEdg karekatEs\g cMeJHelak RbZanemA RBmTaMg RTwsI ts)UvN;
CaGciRny rbs GK<mK<eTsd*mhima rbs cin . hVa kY hVwg EdlCaGk
TTYltMENgbn BI elak emA es Tug :nniyaysresIryagxaMgGMBI GIV Edl
GkdwknaMcinrUbenH ehAza maK(adwknaM d* RtwmRtUv rbs bdivtnExr . enAeBl
enaH elak etg s)av BIg EdlCa shkarI ehIy eRkaymk CaKUsRtUv rbs
emA es Tug :nRtUvmhasni:tbkS TI 11 Gnujat omanmuxmatsaCazI enA
kgbkSkumyniscin edaymanfan;Ca GkdwknaMCYrTI 3 . bnabBI emA es Tug

82
TTYlGnickmeTA RbeTscinenAqaM 1977 enaH kMBugEtsitenAkgdMNakkarmYy
rbs ExrRkhm eTAelI ExRt tay nij . tamkarBit ev[tNam cgsMEdg Ca
naM mYycMnYn riHKnyagxaMg. hVa kY hVwg mindwgza RtUveZIVkarEkTRmgEbbNaeT
edayehtuza ev[tNam cgGUsTajrbbkmCa RbCaZibety ositenACamYy
minc|aslas eRJHmaK(abdivt rbs emA es Tug :nRtUv RbCaCn nig Gkdwk

ehIy seRmcsRmYceTA k*TmakeTaseTAelI emA es Tug nig eTAelI Rkumrbs
PriyaelakRbZanemA TaMgGs
( la Bande des quatre ) EdlRbCaCncinsb
exImCaGenk. eTaHCayagenHkI eTaHCa hVa kY hVwg :nbJaeKocabRkumenHkI k*
hVa kY hVwg xitxMrkSaExSbnatneya:y rbselakRbZanemAEdr. tamkarelIk

eLIg rbs GkkaEst Nayan cna enAkg BiZI Cbel[g enAOkasTsSnkic
rbs bul Bt enATIRkugebkaMg naqaM 1977 enaH GkdwknaMcin nana xitxMRTaMsr
esIr bul Bt edayRtdr enAeBlEdl bul Bt sresIr maK(aemAniym eday
tsMc. mYyvijeT[t GIVEdleZIVo GkdwknaMcinTaMgenaH kanEttwgRTUgEzmeT[t
KW karebCa\ cit rbs bul Bt za nwgedIrtam maK(a rbsRbZanemA KW maKa(Edl

GkdwknaMcin emIleXIj enAeBlenaHza kMBugEtQaneTArkTIbJb.
enAkgOkasTsSnkic mYys:h enARbeTscin naEx sIha-tula qaM
1977 enaH bul Bt:nelIkeLIg eRkApvkar GMBI TMnasrbsxnCamYyRbeTs

ev[tNam edaysgwmzabkSkumynisemAniymnana enARbeTsz RbeTsPUuma
RbeTsmaeLsIu nig RbeTsNeNsIu muxCa nwg CYyeRCamERCgbkSkumynis
kmCaCaBMuxan . mageT[t bul Bt yleXIjza TsSnkicenaH nwg ERbkay

bdivtnkmCa oeTACa kmaMgmYy d* xaMgmhima CaBMuxan enAeBlxagmux. bnab
BITsSnkic enARbeTscin bul Bt k* :neTAeZIV TsSnkic enARbeTskUer xag

eCIgeT[t. elak Kwm eG[l s)ug k* :nTTYlKN;RbtiPUExrRkhm yag GZik
GZmNasEdr . enAeBlEdlbul Bt RtLbmkRsukExrvij bul Bt :ndwg
za enAeBl TsSnkic rbsKNRbtiPUCanxsExrRkhm enAebkaMg nig enABg
yag kgT&Bev[tNam :ncUlmkkgTwkdIExr edIm|IeqIytbeTAnwgkarvayRbhar

83
Biess nUvkarmineBjcit rbseK cMeJHkarrwtcMNgemRtIPaBrvag Exr nig cin
xn KW enAkgrgVg bdivtn rbs shPaB sUev[t EdlCa sRtUv rbs cin enA
eBlenaH . cin xwg nwg ev[tNamNas eRJHev[tNam minRBmcUlCamYy
bdivtncin ehIy EbrCayk shPaB sUev[t CabEgkeTAvij. enHCaTMnasmYy
d*ZM Edl:neZIVobkS kumynisExr Ebk:keRbHqaGs .
CIvPaB rbsRbCaCnExr
enAeRkam rbb ExrRkhm

La vie des Cambodgiens
sous le rgime khmer rouge
cabtaMgBIExZqaM
1976
mk
bdivtnExrRkhmqgkatsanPaBmYy
d*
Esn sKsaj eRJHman kar:kEbkpkg mYyd*ZM . enAkgeBldEdlenaH
RbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTsEdl:nRtUveKekN ykeTAeZIVERsdUcTaskr rkGIVbriePaK

swgmin:n. bnicmg> TrikSrIkraldal enARKbRsuk bMbnnana nRbeTs
TaMgmUl. ERs cm,ar nig meZa:ybg,beg,ItplepSg> RtUvykeTAdakrYm TaMg

Gs KW RtUvRbKl eTAo rd nig Gg<kar smUhPaB nana catEcgEckcay .
edayplitplRsUv Gg,r RtI sac nig bEn sBVsareBI ZakcuHyagxaMg RbCa

Cn KanGVIbriePaK ehIy k* ZakQWeBjRbeTs edayxVHcMNIGaharRKbRKan .
enAtamPUminana
rdGMNac
EdldwknaM
skmPaBesdkic
edayxngpal
KanlTPaB ciJwmRbCaCn esaH eLIy KW :nRtwmEck bbrrav mYyEvk
BIrrEvkmak bueNaH eRJHRtI sac Kan RKbRKan . RbCaCnExr enAeBlenaH

84
CaBiess RbCaCn 17 emsa rsenA yagevTna BneBkRk . RbCaCn
nig maKa( neya:y swgEter[gralybkI. RbCaCnmUldan tamPUmi EdlGs
RbCaCn 17 emsa bunanEdr buEn manlTPaB edaHRsaybJaeday minxac
karZujRTan nwgrbb kumynisenH EdlkanEtnaMmk nUvbJaRbcaMz eRcInCag
CakmaPi:lGg<karExrRkhm ehIy manbuBVsiTi eZIVskmPaBxHxusBI RbCa
Blkm dUcTaskr ehIy eBlyb eKRtUvcUlRbCMuer[nsURt maKa( bdivtn
mUldan Edl:nRtUvcatTukza CaRbCaCneBjsiTi k*BMumanCIvPaB RKanebICag

Gg<karbdivtn RCuleBkEdr . BYk Gk mUldan TaMgenaH mankUneZIVCaeyaZa
CnCem{s. enAkgrbbmun> eTaHbIeKman CIvPaBTITalRk yagNakI k*eKman
Gahar briePaK bribUrNEdr . buEn enAkg rbbExrRkhmenH eKkanEtZakRk

CaeRcInkMritEzmeT[t
zVIebIeKCaGkRKbRKg
PUumi_sg,at
k*edaykI
eday
plitpl n karbg,beg,Itpl dUcCa RsUv Gg,r eJt sENk dMLg CaedIm
ecHEtcuHzy CalMdabdUecH RbCaCn mUldan Edl PaKeRcIn Ca Bukmay
ry;
eBlCaeRcInqaMmkehIy
BIsm&y sg<m cas
CaGkKaMRTbdivtn
yagxaMgka
k*cabepImman
(lancien rgime) eTAeT[t. enAeBlz eKRtUveZIV
edayxanmin:n. RbCaCn mUldan k*dUcCa RbCaCn 17 emsa KansiTiedIr

ehIr
edayesrIeT
sUm|IEteTAsYrsuxTuk
bgbn
kUnecA
jatimitCitqay
k*min:nEdr . rI skmPaB KYbpSMepSg>eT[t dUcCakarbgRtI karbr:jstV
k* RtUvhamXatEdr eRJH kmsiTikCn minRtUvkekIteLIgvijCadacxat eTaHenA

kgkRmitNak*eday. GkEdlPates{t :nrMelaP bHJl eKalkarN TaMg
( KN;tMbn KN;PUmiPaK) k*man
enH RtUvcatTukza k|tsmUhPaB k|tmaKa(bdivtnEtmg. rbsrbr sBV
enH tjEtza; eZIVERsRbvas nwgemX hUb:y eZIVERs Rbvas nwg RbLay
suTEtCa rbsrd . GkEdlbHJl dlsm|tiZmCati GsTaMgenH RtUvykeTA
mamIg rbs eyaZa nig kmaPi:lZM>
kareTamnsS yagxaMg . enAtamERscMkar nig kardan eKEtgEtsUr GkTaMg
hUbbbrrav . enAsm&y bul BtenH Gg<karbdivtn o elIkTMnb CIkRbLay

yagsRsaksRsaM edim|IkMuorNb nwg TwkeP{geBk buEn seRmcsRmYceTA
RsUv Gg,r kanEtxVHeTA> KYrohYscitBneBkRk. xHedayqleBk k*niyayza
Gg<karRbEhlCa
dwkRsUvecjeTAocineRcIneBk
k*mindwg.
enAeBlenaH
BYkExrRkhm :nekNmnusS CaeRcInsnwksnab eTAoelIkTMnb CIkRbLay

edIm|I ksagehdarcnasm&n bg,beg,ItplRsUv eRJHEtBYkeK eC}za manRsUv
manGIV>RKbEbbyagTaMgGs. karBit KWza karbiTRckJNiCkm nig karham
XatminomankaredaHdUr edayesrI CamYyBiPBelakTaMgmUl edIm|IGnuvt maKa(

maskar CamUlehtu d*cm|g n TrikS kgTUTaMgRbeTsenH.
enAcMeJHmux TrikS d* ZMeZgenH TaMgRbCaCnmUldan TaMgkmaPi:l kanEt
Gs CMen}bnicmg> eTAelIbdivtn eTaHbIeKTTYlkarbMJkbMbnpvmenaKmviCa

85
sareBI RBmTaMgTwkswg bwgbY RBRBwkSa ltavli cm,arrbEn nig ZJCatiepSg>
ksag yagcasd ehIy swgEt CaTUeTA RtUvRbZanPUmi ykeTAsmabecal

edaytemta . CnEdlTTYlrgeRKaH edaysarc|abenH man cMnYneRcIn Nas
edayehtuza
ebIeKBMuRbzuyxHeTenaH
eKc|asCaGt:yRkhayTwk
daceJH
sabdUcEtKa. RbCaCn 17 emsa :n :tbgCiviteRcInCageK eRJHEter}g

enH . KanGNa GaceKcputBI kgQb ExrRkhm:neT eRJH Gg<karEPk
mas
enH
enAeBlenaH
manenARKbTIkEngTaMgGs.
KWza
gdlzakenH/
cuHehtudUcemc :nCa
tamkarBiteTA
rI
Gg<kar
sMnYr
Exr
cemIymaneRcInNas.
EdleKnaMKaecaTsYr
RkhmeZIV:bRbCaCn
buEn
GVIEdleKBMuGac
RbEkk:n KW karmanCMen]p,abmux eTAelI RTwsImYy Edl sg<mviTU rmug Garug
(Raymond Aron) ehAza GaeP[n rbs bJvn ( lopium des intel-
lectuels) . c|abk|nEdlRKbRKgsg<mmnusS eTaHecj mkBI RbPBNa

86
k*eday minEmn suTEtsRmab sRmYl dlCivitmnusSelak enaHeLIy. enA
naM clnakumynisExr :nkMNtmuxRBjCamUldan BIr ? 1) vayrMlM rbbmUl
kg krNIxH KWCakaMbiTmuxBIr . KwenAkgn&yenHehIyEdl TsSnviTU GalEb)r
Znniym rbbskiPUmi - 2) karRBQmmux nwg RbeTsev[tNam . rIyuT
exaH tamRbB&nKMnitsIlZm( tmKtieBkEtgEtnaMeTArkkarbgrQam
RTwsIenH manRbPBmkBI smaCikkariyal&y neya:y bkSkumyniscinmak
kamUs
(Albert Camus) sresrza ; karBicarNa c|aslasRtwmRtUv lt

(Les
sanglantes mathmatiques qui ordonnent notre condition) . cemIymYy

eT[t KW c|ab GMNacpackar eJlKW karhYgEhg karrMelaPeTAelIesrIPaB
rbsmnusSeRcIn hYsehtueBk edIm|IQano:ndl GIVEdlKanTaMg GtiPaB
BitR:kdpgenaH BMuEmnCakta n RbsiTiPaBeT eRJH vaeZIVo ekasika sg<m
saRsenHesat KW EpkTaMgRsug eTAelIRTwsI kraC-maskar . tamkarBit
eQaH cin yugKI . enAkgkarvayrMlM rbb skiPUmi nig rbb mUlZnniym
bul Bt :n edjRbCaCn ecjGsBITIRkug edIm|IlubbM:t skmPaB JNiC

km RKbrUbPaB RBmTaMgrUbiyvt EdlCamUldan n karedaHdUr ehIyEdl bul
Bt ylza Ca kta n karekjRbv&Jn d* GaRsUv . R:ker[lrbsExr :n
eJlKW buK<l nig RKYsar eqHexac :tbg zamBl GsCaeRsceTAehIy.
RtUvyk Gg,rval kMbug mkeZIVCa ktarUbiyvtCMnYs . edayRsUv Gg,r
eRsc EtgEtnaMmk nUv karminTukcitKarhUt. c|abkacbM:kmnusS Et mnusS
PUmi bJnoeTAeZIVERs cm,ar elIkTMnb CIkRbLay TaMgbgM . edIm|IGnuvt
karGnray. tamkarBit eKRtUveZIVGIV>TaMgGs edIm|I mnusS EtbueNaH . subin
GkEdlBMuRBmGnuvttam eTaH CaRbCaCnsamJ kmaPi:lkI RtUvykeTAvay
kareZIVc|abeday
k*GackacbM:k
QrenAelImUldan
c|ab
:nvijEdr
KanTMnukTukcit
enAkgkrNI
eTAelIRbCaCnTukCamun
EdlvanaMsg<mTaMgmUleTArk
rbs buK<l BIr-bInak minEmn suTEtCsubin rbs mnusSrablannak enaHeT

eTaHbIeKxitxM bJHbJl nig lag xYrk|alGkdT yagNakI.
sRg<am rvag cin nig shPaB sUev[t ;
eqaHeTArk karrlMrlay n rbb ExrRkhm

Guerre sino-sovitique : la chute
du rgime khmer rouge
bdivtn ExrRkhm Edl:nRKbRKgRbeTskmCa cabtaMg BIz 17 emsa
qaM 1975 mkTlz 7 mkraqaM 1979 :nsabRBsnUvvinaskmmYyd*ZMeZg.
sg<m ExrTaMgmUlRtUvEbk:k rcnasm&n yagdMNM . bul Bt EdlCa Gkdwk

87
mantYnaTI CamUldan EtmYyKt n esdkic RbCaCnExr TaMgGs RtUvBYkRbZan

Epnkar d* cEmkenH bul Bt eRbIGMeBIePrvkm enARKbTIkEng kgTUTaMgRbeTs.
nwgt|gcb smabecal eday tsayRseNaH.
enATIbMput esdkicRbeTs
TaMgmUl :nZakcuHmkeRkamsUnCaeRcInkRmit beg,IteLIgnUvTrikS eBjRbeTs.

edayxVHzaMsg,vRKbEbbyag RbCaCnExr :tbgCivit swgEtputBUC rltCati .
KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdlRbCaCnExr nig kmaPi:lExrRkhmCaeRcIn :nRtUv

ykeTA RbharCIvit swgEt er[gralz . bul Bt emIleXIjsRtUvenARKbTI
kEng . edayTTYl:nEt lTpl GaRkkdUecH bul Bt TmakeTaskMhuseTA

elI karGnuvtn TaMgRsug eJl KW eTAelI kmaPi:lrbs xn.
enAeBlEdl RbeTs TaMgmUl kMBugZakcuHdundabRKbvis&y bul Bt RtUv
RbQmmux nwgkarvayRbhar rbs kgT&B ev[tNam EdlrgcaMEt Okashuc

o bueNaH edIm|Iplemer[no bul
smaCik
kariyal&y
Bt. enA ExZ qaM 1977 enAeBlEdl
bkSkumyniscin
88
eQaH
cin
yugKI
mkeZIVTsSn
kicenAkmCa bul Bt :nesIsMu CMnYyeyaZacin edIm|IvayTbTl nwgkgT&B

ev[tNam Edl:nelIkT&B cUlmkkgTwkdIExr enAeBlEdl bul Bt eTAeZIV
TsSnkic enA ebkaMg kalBIExtula-kJa qaM dEdlenaH . buEn cin yugKI
BMuh)anelIkeLIg BIbJaenHeT eTaHbIenAeBlenaH TIRkugebkaMg cgplemer[n

mYy dlTIRkughaNUykI . TMnas rvag cin nwg shPaB sUev[t enAeBlenaH
manlkN;BuHkeRJal
xusZmta.
rI
bul
Bt
manesckIsgwmeRcIn
eTAelIkmaMg rbs cin kgkarRbyuT tTl nwgev[tNam. karBit cin k*man
sPaBkarN enAkg rbb

ExrRkhm enAqaM 1978
La situation interne du rgime

khmer rouge en 1978
RBwtikarN EdlekItmaneLIg enA qaM 1978 bJakyagc|asza rbb
karjejIt shPaB sUev[tEdr shPaB sUev[t EdlCabEgk d*maM rbsev[t
Rkhm :nQanmkdl TIGvsan yagqabrh&s eRJH bul Bt RtUvRbQm
TIbMput shPaB sUev[t :nseRmcCYyev[tNam ovayrMlM rbb ExrRkhm
d*xaMg mhima rbsev[tNam pgeT[t . enAz 6 mkraqaM 1978 kgT&B Exr
3 Jnnak ocUleTAkgTwkdIev[tNam enAedIm ExZ qaM 1977 . enAz 17
RbeTsev[t NamEtmg . TIRkughaNUy :nbJao kgT&BrbseK dkzy
es[vePAexA rbsExrRkhm - :ncUlmk kgTwkdIExr kgCeRmA 20 K. m..
eRCAbMputcUleTAkgTwkdIExr ehIy beg,Itslrd:lmYy eZIVCamUldan sRmab
(D. Chandler) ehtuEdlev[tNam elIk
ehIyEdlExrRbmaN 1 mWunnak enAPUmiPaKbUJ( :nnaMKarteP[sxneTARbeTs
TTYlykkarQb:jKaEtbueNaH. buEn edvId cinEdr k* :nsresr ktRta
eBlEdl kgT&BExrRkhm vaycUleTAkgdIev[tNam elakRsI etg yIg cav
Nam . rIbJaCakUnesakger}genH KW etIGkNa h)anvayGkNamun / enA
mux nwg TrikSpg nwg karbHe:rkgRbeTspg ehIyRtUvTbTl nwg kgT&B
Etmg bnabBIExrRkhm :nbJn Gg<PaBeyaZatUc> EdlmanKa RbmaN 2
Rkhm :neZIVkarvayRbhar tbt nwg kgT&Bev[tNam edaycUl eTAkgEdndI
Z qaMdEdlenaH kgT&B ev[tNam RbmaN 5 mWunnak - enH ebIeyageTAtam
RKbTIkEng elIkElgEtcMNuc mYycMnYnbueNaH edIm|IpMkmaMgvayrul o:n
bul Bt :nseRmcpacTMnakTMngTUut CamYy TIRkughaNUy enAcugExZqaMenaH
CYykmaMgExr Rkhm EdlkMBug bHe:rRbqaMg nwg bul Bt . KW enAeBlenaH
T&BcUlmkkgTwkdIExr enAExZqaM 1977 enaH KWCa karkMejIjbgM oExrRkhm
ev[tNam edIm|I eKcoput BIkarsmabrg<alrbs bul Bt. 12 z eRkay
pgEdrza cMeJH TIRbwkSaeyaZa rbs RbZanaZibtI Gaemrik karvaylukenH Ca
Priyaemmay rbs elak CU eGnLay :nmkeZIVTsSnkic enAkmCa edIm|I
edayRbEkkBMu:n.
semc neratm sIhnu Edr buEn ExrRkhm BMuRBmGnujatoCYbTalEtesaH.
g . cMeJHRbvtiviTU edvId cinEdr
sRg<amrvag shPaB sUev[t nig RbeTscin tamry;ev[tNam nig ExrRkhm
sakl|g oExrRkhm brneya:y. elakRsI etg yigcav cgcUlKal
enAeBlenaH TIRkugebkaMg man karRBYy:rm yagxaMg eRJHeKdwgza bul Bt

minGacTbTl
nwg
kmaMgT&Bev[t
Nam
EdlmankarKaM
RTyagrwgmaM
BI
shPaB sUev[t:neLIy . meZa:y manEtmYyKt KW RtUvbrneya:y
89
90
GkdwknaM Etmg k*Gacza:n . bul Bt CaGkneya:ymak EdlZabEt ecH
RTgRTay mYyd*ZMEtmg. edayeC}za GkdwknaM PUmiPaKbUJ(TaMgmUl muxCa nwg
KanGVIGacbnn :nesaH. enAeBlEdlelak RsI etg yIgcav kMBugsitenA
enaHTukCamun . buEn ExrRkhm n PUmiPaKbUJ( :neZIVkarTbTlvij yagxaMgka
btEbn tamsPaBkarN yagbiunRbsb buEn mgenH riyabz rbseK rwgqb
kgRbeTskmCa kgT&B n rbb kmCaRbCaZibety :neRbIkgkmaMgZM :j
cUleTAkgExRtev[tNam cUv Dwk nig tay nij. enAcugExmkraqaM 1978 enaH
elakrdmRnI karbreTsz :nmk eZIVTsSnkic enAkmCa edIm|IeZIVoTMnakTMng
rvag RbeTsTaMgBIr manlkN;RbesIreLIgvij. RbeTsz CaRbeTsmYy n
smaKm RbCaCati GasIuGaeKy (Gas)an) Edlylza ev[tNam Edlman

shPaB sUev[tBIieRkay CakarKMramkMEhgmYy d*ZM cMeJH RbeTs enAkgtMbn
GasIuGaeKy . ehtudUecHehIy :nCaz sgwmeTAelIExr Rkhm edIm|ITbTl
nwg ev[tNam . xagev[tNamenaHvij enAz 6 kum;qaM 1978 enaH eK:n

esI oExrRkhmTTYlyk EpnkarmYy edIm|IedaHRsay TMnasRBMEdn . mYyz
Rkaymk KW enAz 9 kum; ExrRkhm :n:jepagyagsem|ImGsar eTAelI

ExRt tay nij cUv Dwk nig hug gW .
kay eTACa bEgk rbsev[tNam bul Bt k*cabepImbJnT&B eTAcabGkTaMg

CaehtubNal oman karbgrQammYy d* sem|ImGsar . enHCakarRbyuT
p kgmYyd*ZMCageK . ExrRkhm nig ExrRkhm :nkabsmabKag eday

tRtaRbNI. enHCaskIkmmYyEdlbJakza rbbExrRkhm :nQanmkdl
TIGvsanenATIbMput.
GIV>k* bNalmkEtBI karminTukcitKaeTAvijeTAmkEdr .
yagNamij TIGvsan n rbbmYy k* bNalmk BIkar:tTMnukciteTAelI kar

kMNtmaKa( neya:y nig eTAelI GkdwknaMEdr.
karQan eTArk TIGvsan

n rbb ExrRkhm
Vers la fin du rgime khmer rouge
enAeBlEdlExrRkhm kMBugCabdeZIVkarvayRbhar eTAelI RbeTsev[t
Nam enAxagRBMEdnz eNaHvij kgT&BExrRkhm k *RtUvRbyuT nwg kgT&Bz
enAeBlEdl rbb kmCaRbCaZibetyrbs ExrRkhmcabepIm dwgxn
EzmeT[t. enAkgCYrGkbdivtnExr PaBRcbUkRcblmYy :nekIteLIg ? bnabBI
yagc|asza TIRkughaNUy :n eRt[mlkN;CaeRsc edIm|IvayRbhar mk
mYycMnYneT[t nig GkdwknaMPUmiPaKtr nigbUJ( k*:nRtUv bul Bt bJnkgT&B
neya:yzIenH KNRbtiPUbreTs CaeRcIn :nmkeZIV TsSnkic enAkmCa dUcCa
CU cit GkdwknaM KNRbZanPUmiPaKbsim :nRtUvcabxn GkdwknaMPUmiPaKbsim
elIxn
bul Bt k*taMg xitxMsVHEsVg rkbEgk Cabnan . enAkgRkbxN n
oeTA cabEdr. 2 zeRkaykarcabxn CU cit KWenAz 29 mina kgT&Bev[tNam
KN;RbtiPURbeTs PUma RbeTsmaeLsIu RbeTsz RbeTsrUmanI nigRbeTs
nigkMBt. TnwmenaH cabtaMgBIz 3 emsa viTTIRkughaNUy :nbMpusbMpulo
RBmTaMgGkkaEstmYycMnYn k*:nRtUvGnuJatocUlmkEdr. bul Bt :nTTYl
RbdabedayrzeRkaH :ncabepImvayRbharmkkgTwkdIExr KW enAkgExRttaEkv
yUeh<asavIu CaedIm . KN RbtiPU nbkSkumynis nRbeTsCabcamit CaeRcIn
RbCaCnExregIbeLIg bHe:r vayrMlM ExrRkhm . enAz 22 emsa
KN;RbtiPUTaMgenaH yagrakTak . KW enAkgry;eBlenaHehIy Edl bul Bt
TIRkugha
NUy eRt[mCaeRsc er[bcMkgT&B BiessmYy sRmab vayrMlMExrRkhm kg

91
suxcitniyayer[brab GMBI CIvRbvti rbsxn R:bRkumTUrTsSn RbeTs yUeh<a
92
savIuEdl :nmksakenA 10 z kgRsukExr. buEn dUckalBI eBleZIVTsSn
RbZanPUmi nigKN;tMbnCaeRcIn :nRtUv bul Bt cab ykeTAsmabecal
han rbsxneT ehIy k*minniyay TalEtesaHGMBI viCa nig karGbrM Edlxn
TakTajGarmN oRbeTs ZM> cUlmkeZIVGnraKmn vayrMlM rbbenH ecalEt
kic enARbeTskUer xageCIg dUecHEdr bul Bt BMu:nniyay GMBIvN;edIm d* hM
edIm|IykGkzImkCMnYs. GkEdlmanmuxnaTIsMxan> riHrkRKbmeZa:y edIm|I
:nTTYlenAkgsg<mcas. bul Bt taMgxnCaksikrRkIRkrhUt. sUm|IEteQaH
mg. enAExZ qaM 1978 GkkaEst Gaemrik 2 rUb KW elakRsI eGlIsaebt
eZIVkarsarPaB R:bGkkaEst TUrTsSn yUeh<asavIu za xn:neTAer[nsURt enA
TaMg GkRsavRCavGgeKsmak eQaH malxum ektEvl
BitR:kd rbsxn k*bul Bt minR:bEdr . CaelIkdMbUgbgs bul Bt :n

RbeTs:raMgEmn eTaHbIkarsarPaBcugeRkayenH CacMNucexSaymYy d*ZM rbs
xnkI . taMgBIeBlmun>mk bul Bt EtgEtsakl|g cglubbM:t nUv GtIt
kalenH Edlmins&kism nig KuNUbkar rbsbdivtn n vN;GZn. bul Bt

cgykeRb{b eTAelIGkbdivtepSg>eT[t dlsuTEtCaGkmansJabRtRKak>
mkBIRbeTs:raMg KWskIPaB EdlbJakza CaGkEdlmanbuBVsiTi kgsg<m
cas. KWGkRbePTcugeRkayenHehIy Edlbul Bt bgMoksagxneLIgvij
kgbdivtn mann&yza RtUve:HbgecalTaMgGs nUvGIV> Edlxn:ner[n BIeBl
mun edIm|Ikay eTACa ksikr Rk suTsaZ . cMeJH Gkbdivtn Edl:neTAer[n

sURt enARbeTsev[tNam eTas rbseK kanEtZnZrEzmeT[t . GkxHkg
cMeNamGkTaMgenH :nRtUvbJn eTAo eKsYrcemIy enA KukTYlEsg ehIyxH
eT[t dUcCa esa Pwm CaedIm k*daccit eZIVGtXat Etmg. xHeT[t dUcCa b)U zg
CaedIm k*rteTABYnenAEpksan ehIymYycMnYneT[t k*rteTA ev[tNam:teTA.
cabtaMgBIJkkNal qaM 1978 mk karbHe:r enAkgCYrkmaPi:lExr
ebEKr
( Elisabeth Becker) nig elak rIQit Dutman (Richard Dudman) RBm
:ncUlmkkgRsukExr . malxum ektEvl EdlmanTMnakTMngl CamYy bul

Bt :nRtUveKsmabecalenAkgPaB mYyd*Gaz(kM:Mg rkmUlehtuBMueXIj rhUt
mkdlsBVzenH . enAeBlEdl enAkgRbeTsTaMgmUl karbHe:rrbs kmaPi
:l ExrRkhm :npHeLIg kgT&Bev[tNam k*cabepIm eZIVkarvayRbharpg

Edr. enAz 2 Z qaM 1978 enaH rNsirRbqaMgnwg bul Bt k* :nRtUvbeg,It
eLIgeRkamkardwknaM rbs GtItkmaPi:lExrRkhm eQaH ehg sMrwn nig Ca
sIum. enA z 29 Z bul Bt :nniyayR:b KN;RbtiPUbkSkumynis
kaNadaza RbeTsev[tNam manbEgkmYyyagZM BIsMNakRbeTs Ca sma

Cik ktikasJa varsUvIu eJlKW BIsMNak shPaB sUev[t . mgenH bul Bt
tmankarP&nRcLM dUcsBVdgeT eRJHkgT&Bev[tNam eZIVkarvayRbhar eTAelI
rbb bul Bt enAkgRTgRTaymYy d*ZMsem|ImGsar edayeRbI smareyaZa d*
TMenIb> pgeT[t.
Rkhm kanEtmanlkN;c|aseTA> eTaHbI GkdwknaMmYycMnYn xMlakbM:Mgxn
yag NakI. GkEdlRtUv bul Bt ekaHehAmg> mankarPitP&ytk,maehIyxH

k* smabxnedIm|IeKcoput BITaruNkm d*EsnevTna dUcCayk eTAdakenAkg
TUmYy Edlrkedkk*BMu:n Gg<yk*BMu:n Qrk*BMu:n CaedIm. TaruNkm EbbenH

ExrBMuEdleRbITalEtesaH eTaHenAkg sm&ykal Na k*eday . kgmYyz>
93
(Malcom Cadwell)
94
eKRtUvEtdakmUldanT&BeLam B&TRbeTscin. xagRbeTscinnaHvij eKk*BMuRBm
RBwtikarN sMxan> enA qaM 1978
cuHjm nwg shPaB sUev[t Cadacxat CaehtueZIVo bul Bt ylza ebIman
enA sm&y rbb ExrRkhm
cinCabEgk eKGacvayTbTl nwgRbeTsev[tNam:n ehIyGacnwg QaneTA

ykTwkdIExrEdlev[tNam :nRcwbyktaMgBI cugstvtSr TI 17 mkeT[tpg.
Quelques vnements rvlateurs en 1978
eyageTAtam karRsavRCavmYy rbs raG)Ul ehSNa

RBwtikarN EdlekItmaneLIg enAqaM 1978 maneRcIn tKNna buEn
x\MsUmelIkeLIg Et cMNucsMxan> mYycMnYnbueNaH edIm|IKUsbJak GMBI kar
QaneTArkTIGvsan n rbbExrRkhm EdloeQaH rbb rbs eKza RbeTs
kmCaRbCaZibety. RBwtikarNCaktakMNt KWRBwtikarN PUmisaRs_ neya

:y eJlKWkarERbRbYl n karRbECgkmaMg
(rapports de forces) rvag mha
GMNacTaMgBIr enAsm&yenaH KW shPaB sUev[t nig shrd GaemrikEdlkal

enaH CaGkkMNteCaKvasna BiPBelak. cMeJHRbeTskmCa putBI GaemrikeTA
KWeRkayeBlEdl shrd Gaemrik dkkgT&Becj BINcin sRg<amrvag bg

bnkumynis TaMgBIr
(Les frres ennemis) eJlKW cinkumynis nig sh
PaB sUev[t k*kanEtman lkN;RsYcRsav. RbeTsev[tNam :neRCIserIs
ykTIRkugmUs<CabEgk rI bul Bt :neRCIserIsykTIRkugebkaMg CaemekIy.

ehtudUecHhIy :nCaExrRkhmEdlsitenA eRkamkardwknaM rbs bul Bt cat
Tukev[tNam nigbNaRbeTshtelxI n ktikasJa varsUvI
(Pacte de Var-
sovie) CasRtUv dUcshrd GaemrikEdr. buEnGkdwknaM rbb kmCaRbCaZibety

BMucgniyay GMBI TMnas d*ZM rvag cin nig sUev[tenHeT eRJHCaTMnas rvag
kumynisdUcKa . mYyvijeT[t bul Bt cg oman kmynisEtmYy KW kumy
nis cin . RbkarEdlKYrktsMKal KW za enAeBlenaH shPaB sUrv[t Ca
mhaGMNac nuyekEG)r dUcGaemrikEdr KW BMuGacsuxcitbeNay oRbeTscin
dwknaMbdivtnkumynis tamlTiemAniym enAkgPUmiPaKGasIuGaeKyeT. dUcenH

95
(Raoul Jennar) Edlman
cMNgeCIgza kUnesasRmabyldwg GMBIRbeTskmCa
( Les cls du Cam-
bodge ) bul Bt :nGnuvteKaledAenH taMgBIqaM 1975 mk . mkTlqaM

1978 kgT&BExrRkhm eRkambJakar rbs bul Bt :nkMeTcTIRkug rbs
ev[tNam cMnYn 25, PUmicMnYn 96 CaehtueZIVoRbCaCn cMnYn 2 Esn 5 mWun 7
JnnakKanCRmk. enATIbMput enAz 3 vicikaqaM 1978 RbeTsev[tNam Edl

kalBI sm&yts)U RbqaMg nwg Gaemrik Zab:nTTYlCMnYy BI RbeTscin k*:n
seRmcTTYl CMnYyRKbEbbyag BI shPaB sUev[tvij rYmbJlTaMg CMnYy
eyaZapg. enAkgsnisJa cuHz TI 3 vicikaenaH RbeTsTaMgBIr :nsnaza

nwg CYyKaenAkgkrNI EdlRbeTsNamYyRtUveKQanJn.
munnwgQaneTAniyay GMB karvayluk RbeTskmCa enAcugqaM 1978
nig edImqaM 1979 eyIgvilmkemIl sPaBkarN enAkg rbb kmCaRbCaZib
ety mgeT[t CaBiess sPaBkarN TakTg nwg karEbk:kpkg Edl

bNalmkBITMnasrvag bdivtnkumyniscin nigbdivtnrbs shPaB sUev[t
ehIy Edl:nkay eTACaTMnas d*RsYcRsav rvag bdivtn kumynisExr nig
bdivtnkumynisev[tNamEdr. dUceyIg:ndwgrYcmkehIy cabtaMgBIqaM 1977

mk bul Bt :n RsavRCavrkGkEdl bul Bt sgS&yzaCadeCIg rbs
ev[tNam ykeTAdakKuk smabecalEtmg. buEn GkEdlCabsgS&yza Ca
carburs CacarnarI rbs Gaemrik k*RtUv bul Bt ykeTARbharCIvitecal

ykeTAeZIVTaruNkm enAKukTYlEsg dUcKadUecHEdr. enAqaM 1977 kmaPi:l
96
Canxs CaeRcInnak :nRtUvcabxn smabecalEtmg . enA z 25 mkra
enACitRBM RbTlz. rI Rkum TI 4 Kw Rkum rbs Ebn suvN, rs sam&y, Ca
kuy ZYn rdmRnIhirJvt nig JNiCkm :nRtUvcabxn. mYyzbnabmk KW TUc
suT,
ePaK qay GtItRbZan smaKm mitPaBcin_Exr k* :nRtUvcabxnEdr KW enAz
eRkayeBl EdlGkkaEst GaemrikaMg 2 rUb KWelakRsI eG lIhSaebt ebEKr
eTAKuk TYlEsg enAz 6 kk,da KW eRkay TIv Gul bnic eRJH TIv Gul
katEvl
eP]n rdmRnIsaZarNkar. enAEx kum; dlevn rdmRnI makeT[t KW es] eD]m.

14 mina. bnabmkeT[t h)U nwm rdmRnIRksYgeXasnakar :nRtUvcabbJn
RtUvcabxn enAz 6 mizuna . KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlGnaKt naykrdmRnIExr
Ekv
cina
EdltaMgBIqaM
1954
mk :nTTYlkarhat
hVwkhVWneyaZa
enARbeTs ev[t Nam. 23 z eRkaykarbeg,ItrNsirenH ehIy mYyz
(Elizabeth Becker) nig elak Dutman (Dudman) :n dwksB elakmakxum

kgBltUc
(Macom Cadwell) ecjBIRbeTskmCa kgT&Bev[tNamcMnYn 14

(14 divisions darme) KWRbmaN 10 mWunnak :neZIVkarvay
h)un Esn :neP[sxncUlRB CamYy Guwg pn enAz 20 mizuna. kalenaH
RbhareTAelIRbeTskmCa. karvaylukenH :nRbRBwteTA enAkgRTgRTaymYy
h)un Esn nig Gwug pn rsenAkgRB Gsry;eBl CaeRcInEx munnwg rteTAdl
rzeRkaHsUev[t EdlGacTbTl:nedayRsYl nwgRKabeb 40 rbs ExrRkhm
elak Ca embJakar eyaZarg enAtMbn 21 nkgT&BExrRkhm nPUmiPaKbUJ(.

RbeTs ev[tNam .
d*ZMsMebImGsar
eRJHman
TaMgynehaH
TmaKcRk
kgkaMePIgZM
RBmTaMg
. kgT&BExrRkhm :nRbyuT tTl yagsVitsVaj buEn edaykMeTcrzeRkaH

sUev[t nwg RKab eb 40 min:n eyaZaExrRkhm k* :kTwkcit ehIy rt
karvayluk nkgT&B ev[tNam
eTAelI RbeTskmCa enAqaM 1978_ 1979

Linvasion vietnamienne en 1978-1979
eP[sxnrtatrtayGs. kgT&B ev[t Nam :nvaysRmukcUl eTAkgTwkdIExr

CaeRcIncMNuc eday katpackgT&BExr Rkhm Cakg > dac TMnakTMngKaGs.
enAz 29 Z qaM 1978
dEdlenaH bul Bt :nRbkasR:bKN;RbtiPU
kaNadaza kgT&Bev[tNam kMBugEtTTYl braC&ymYy d*ZMmhima. KwenAeBl
enaHehIyEdl bul Bt :ndwgza kgT&B ktikasJa varsUvIu :nseRmcCYy

enAz 2 Z qaM 1978 ExrRkhm EdlbHe:r RbqaMg nwg bul Bt :nmk
ev[tNam yageBjTMhwg. enAz 1 mkraqaM 1979 eKsr kar:jKa xrxar
(Front pour le Salut du Kampucha) . rNsirenHEdlsitenAeRkam
qgTenemkug tamkaNUteJg edIm|I mkrMedaH semc neratm sIhnu buEn
CybCMuKaenAsl edIm|Ibeg,It rNsirmYy maneQaHza rNsirseRg<aHCati
enA TIRkugPMeBj. enAeBlRBwkz 2 mkra kgkumgdUBiess ev[tNam :n
kardwknaM rbs elak ehg sMrwn CakarRbmUlpMkmaMg n CnkumynisExr 4
kgT&BExrRkhm :neZIVkarTbTl yageBjTMhwg ehIyBRgt semc sIhnu
kmCa
Rkum KW RkumExrRkhm enAPUmiPaKbUJ( dwknaMeday ehg sMrwn, Ca sIum, h)un
GtItRbmuxrdExr eTAlakTukenAExRt:tdMbgsin.
n RbeTskmCa nigRkumrbs say PUzg, eT[ :j, ca er[g EdltaMgTI
kmCa semc neratm sIhnu RTgKg enATIenaHGsry;eBl 3 z mun nwg
Esn
Rkumrbs b)U zg EdleZIVkarbHe:rRbqaMg nwg bul Bt enAEpksan
97
bnabBI :nRtUv BYkExrRkhm ykmkdak enAEpkJy&B n RbeTs
98
yagRtLb mkTIRkugPMeBjvij enAz 5 mkra . enAeBldEdlenaH kgT&B
ev[tNam :nvayykExRtcMnYn7 KW ExRtEdlsitenAEpkbUJ( n Tenemkug.

enAzEdlsemc
neratm
sIhnu
yagmkdl
PMeBju
bul
Bt :nEzg
sg,zamYy ez,aleTas shPaB sUev[t yagCUrct. enAeBllacz dEdl

enaH KW z 5 mkra ex[v sMpn Rbmuxrd rbb kmCa RbCaZibety :neTACYb
semc neratm sIhnu ehIy TUlRBHGg< za bul Bt sUmyagRBHGg< eTA

esayTwkEt enAviman rdaPi:l . eBlEdl rzyn EmrsWEdsmYy dwknaM
semc neratm sIhnu eTAdl viman rdaPi:l bul Bt :necj mkTTYl

RBHGg<edaylMeGankaybnicpgEdr. eyageTAtamkarktsMKalrbs semc
neratm
sIhnu
ehIyEdlGkkaEst
Nayan
canda :nykmksrsr
bnabmk bul Bt CamnusSkeRmal k*BitEmn buEnhakbIdUcCaminsbRBHGg<
bunaneT. karsnnarvag bulBt nig semc neratm sIhnu :nRbRBwtieTA
Gsry;eBl 4 emag edaymanTwkRkUc CaePsC; KWminEmnTwkEteT. mgenH
bul Bt eRbIJk RBHkruNa edIm|I niyay eTArksemc neratm sIhnu .
bnabBI :nsMueTasRBHGg< GMBIkareZVsRbEhsrbsxn EdlBMu:nCYbRBHGg<
enAeBlmun bul Bt :nesIsMuo semc neratm sIhnu yageTAGg<kar

shRbCaCati enATIRkugjIvyk edayqgkatTIRkugebkaMg. bul Bt :nesIsMu
pgEdrosemc neratm sIhnu ez,aleTasBYkQanJnTwkdIExr ehIykarJr
rbbkmCa RbCaZibetypgeT[t. enAz 6 mkra qaM 1979 enaH ynehaH
Rbtikm cinmYy :nmkTTYl semc neratm sIhnu RbmTaMg GkEhhm RBH

Gg< ykeTA TIRkugebkaMg.
karRbyuTts)U Epkneya:y
rvag cin nig ev[tNam enA qaM 1979

Lutte politique entre la Chine et le Viet nam
en 1979
enAz 6 mkraqaM 1979 semc neratm sIhnu RBmTaMgRBHCaya Gk
mag mUnik nigRBHraCbuRt 3 Gg< rbsRBHGg< KWRBHGg<mas sIhmunI nriRna
BgS nig Kitara :nyageLIgynehaH enARBlanynehaHeJZicing . Gk

Edl:n Ehhm nig:nrYmsuxTuk CamYyRBHGg< kgRKa d*Bi:kenH k*:nRtUv
ExrRkhm GnuJatoecjeTA CamYyRBHGg<Edr. ex[v sMpn
kGK<rdTUt
cin
k*:n
CUndMeNIrRBHGg<
eG[g sarI nig
mkdlCeNIrynehaHpgeT[t.
rIGkEdl:nGm dMeNIr rhUt dlTIRkugebkaMg manCaGaT elak Kat qun

elak CYn RbsiTi nig nagkJa buk mUNa . eBlEdl semc neratm
sIhnu yagmkdl TIRkug ebkaMg elak etg s)avBIg GkdwknaMxaMgzI n

saZarNrdRbCamanitucin :n GeJIjmkTTYlRBHGg< edaypal enARblan
ynehaH . enAkgRBHTInaMg lImU hSInexA EdldwknaM RBHGg< mkTIRkug elak

etg s)av BIg :nniyaysarPaBza elakBMueBjcitesaH nwg reb[b EdlGk
dwknaMExrRkhm :nRbRBwti eTAelIRBHGg< KWCariyabzmYy Edlmins&kism

nwg sartIeshaCati rbs RBHGg< bnicbnceLIy. tagnamosaZarNrd
RbCamanitucin elak etg s)av BIg :nsUmkarRBHraCTaneTas BI semc

neratm sIhnu . sUmktsMKalza elak etg s)avBIg k*dUcCa elak lU
ecACI dUecHEdr :nRtUvrbbemAniym eZIVTaruNkmyagRKaMRKa TRmaMRbeTscin
:nrkpvRtUv d* samJeXIjvij. enA kges[vePAmYyEdlsemc neratm
99
100
sIhnu RTg:nniBn palRBHGg<
20
semc neratm sIhnu :ner[brabyag
kumynisepSg>eT[t nig Cnkmynis ExrEdl:neTArsenAev[tNam taMg
Bisar GMBI bdisNarkic rbselak etg s)av BIg. rIGtbT rbsxM\ Rtg
BIqaM 1954 . ehg sMrwn EdlCaGtitkmaPi:lExrRkhm EpkbUJ( ehIy
yagNakI
rdaPi:l beNaHGasnenaH eJlKW
cMNucenH k*EpkTaMgRsugeTAelIksarRbvtisaRs d*sMxanenHEdr . eTaHCa
EdlZabeZIVCa emT&B d*sMxan mak rbs bul Bt :nRtUvEtgtaMg CaRbZan
:neZIVeTAelIRbCaCnExr kngmkkI k*cMeJH CnEdl:nTTYlkarrgeRKaH Gnra
suvN GkkumyniseCIgcas mkBI haNUy :nTTYlmuxnaTI Ca GnuRbZan
enAkgenaH
RBHraCvgSanuvgSpgEdr :nRtUvExrRkhm
kgT&Bev[tNamenaH rYmman ? elak Ca sIum rdmRnI mhap elak h)un
sMnYrecaTsYrza etIehtuGIV :nCa ExrRkhm smab BUCsasng dUecH Ca
elak can Evn rdmRnIGbrMCati elak nU ebg rdmRnIsuxaPi:l elak muk
CaecaTsMnYrenH CaBMuxan.
tulaqaM 1979 dEdl . enAz 8 mkra KW enAeBlEdl rdaPi:l beNaH
PMeBj . BYkGkdwknaMExrRkhm :nnaMKartecj BIrdZanIExr tamreTHePIg nig
RbCaCati enATIRkugjIvyk enaHvij semc neratm sIhnu tagnamo rbb
eT[t :nnaMKa ek[r ehIy Cem{s RbCaCnExr CaeRcInJnnak ykeTAdakenA
QanJn TwkdIExr . enA TIRkugebkaMg enaHvij eG[g sarI :nTTYlR:k BI
eTaHCalak etg s)avBIg min:ncUlrYmkgGVI>
EdlExrRkhm
RkumRbwkSaRbCaCnbdivt. rI Ebn
Kmn d*yWtyavenH k*CakarKann&yGVITaMgGsEdr. RbCaCnExrCit 2 lannak
RkumRbwkSa. smaCikepSg>eT[t n rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn EdlKaMRTeday
eZIVTaruNkm ehIypacCivit yagsahav RBpSbMput EdlCaehtueZIVoman
Esn rdmRnI karbreTs elak Ekv cina rdmRnI eXasnakar nig vb|Zm(
Biess karrMelIgbJvn TaMg#s orltputBUCdUecH. ExrCMnaneRkay c|as
saKun rdmRnIesdkic . rdmRnImYycMnYneT[t :nRtUvEtgtaMgbEnm enAz 14
enAz 7 mkra qaM 1979 enaHg kgT&Bev[tNam :ncUlmkdl TIRkug
Gasn KaMRTedaykmaMgT&Bev[tNam:nRtUvEtgtaMg enATIsakkarGg<kar sh
tam tmaKcRk eqaHeTATlEdnz . buEnenAkgeBldEdlenaH ExrRkhmxH
kmCa RbCaZibety :neZIVkartva ez,aleTas kgT&Bev[tNam EdlcUl
EpkJy&B nRbeTspgEdr . enATIRkugPMeBj enAzbnabmk KwenAz 8 mk
cin cMnYn 5 lan dular edIm|Ibnkarts)U edjkgT&Bev[tNam BITwkdIExr .
bJCnExrCaeRcIn
nig
ra kgT&Bev[tNam :ndak rbbkumynismYyeT[t mkoRKbRKgRsukExr.
mundMbUg KW rdaPi:l beNaHGasnmYy EdlmaneQaHza RkumRbwkSaRbCaCn
bdivtkmCa. rIGkdwknaMsMxan> EdlRbCaCn:ndwgeQaHxH>tamviT Edl
eKcab:n enAcugqaM 1978 :nRtYveRCIserIs kgcMeNam GtitkmaPi:l
ExrRkhm Edl:nrteTAev[tNam enAqaM 1977_1978 nig kgcMeNam Cn
20
karRbECg kmaMg
rvag RbeTs mhaGMNac

Les rapports de forces entre
les Grandes Puissances
Norodom Sihanouk : Prisonnier des Khmers rouges, Hachette,
Paris, 1986
101
102
RBwtikarN z 7 mkra qaM 1979 enARbeTskmCa :nRtUvGkviPaKRbvti
saRs nig neya:ybkRsayxus>BIKa. buEn GVIEdlBMuGacRbEkk:n KWkar
vay RbhareyaZa n RbeTsev[tNameTAelIRbeTskmCa edIm|IvayrMlMrbb

ExrRkhm ehIydak rbbneya:ymYy EdlrNb nwg kgT&B rbsxn
CMnYs Etmg. KW enAkgn&yenHehIy EdlenAz 13 mkra qaMdEdlenaH

RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati TamTar oRbeTs EdlcUlQan
JnRsukExr dkkgT&BrbseKecjCabnan. enAkgn&yenH Gg<kar sh RbCa

Cati KanCeRmIsGVI eRkABIRtUvbgMcit TTYls<al rbb n RbeTsEdlRtUv
QanJn enaHeLIy eJlKW rbbkmCa RbCaZibety rbsBYkExrRkhm .

enHCabJamYy d*sKsaj eRJHza ebIrbbExrRkhm min:nRtUvvayrMlM o
:nqabrh&s eTenaH RbCaCnExr nwgRtUvrgeRKaH enAkgrbbenHbneTAeT[t .
edayylc|as GMBI lkN;xusc|ab n karQan JnenH kgT&Bev[tNam
rMedaH semc neratm sIhnu :nmunz 7 mkra sPaBkarN enAeBlenaH
RbEhlCa manlkN;epSg BIesNarIyU EdlmanmkTlsBVzenH. enAkg

Rkx&N nkarRbECgkmaMgGnrCati
karvayrMlMrbb bul Bt edaykgT&Bev[t
Nam KWCa C&yCMnH mYy rbs shPaB sUev[t eTAelIcin. buEnC&yCMnHenH

BMuGaceZIVo cin nigshrd Gaemrik TTYlyk:neLIy eRJH sUev[t kayeTA
Cakta KMramkMEhg dlbNaRbeTs n smaKm RbCaCati GasIuGaeKy ehA
katza Gas)an. eTaHCayagenHkI RbeTsCasmaCik smaKmGas)an TaMgGs
BMumanTsSn; dUcKa TaMgGseT . RbeTsxHylza KW cineT EdlCaktaKMram

kMEhg ehIyRbeTsxHeT[t ylza KW shPaBsUev[teTAvij . eTaHCayag
NakI enAcMeJHmux TiBl d*xaMgka rbs ev[tNam nig shPaB sUev[t

enAkugtMbnCaBiess
enAkmCa
bsimelakEdlenAeBlenaH :nkMNtyk
shPaB sUev[t CasRtUvyuTsaRs TI 1 KanCeRmIsGVI eRkABI karcgsm&n
k* :nsakl|grMedaH semc neratm sIhnu Edr KW edaysgwmza kSRtExr
PaBCamYy cinkumyniseLIy . eTaHCayagenHkI k* semc neratm sIhnu
ExrRkhm. karBit tampvc|ab semc nertm sIhnu :n RtUvsPaTaMgBIr
eBlEdlRBHGg<yag eTAeZIVGnraKmn enAGg<kar shRbCaCati enATIRkugjIv
Gg<enH GactMNag nitanukUlPaB xH> n rbbEdleK bRmugdakCMnYsrbb
TmaktaMg BIqaM 1970 mkeNaH ehIy Gg<kar shRbCaCati k*:nTTYl

s<al rbbsaZarNrdExr rYceTAehIyEdr. eTaHCayagenHkI k*TIRkughaNUy
eC]za CadMeNaHRsaymYyEdr sRmabbg, sirPaBenAkgRbeTskmCa eRJHza
:nsakl|g rkCMhrmYyeT[t CamYyGaemriksinEdr . enAz 14 mkra KWenA

yk edIm|IkarJrrbbExrRkhm semc nertm sIhnu :nsakl|grtecj
BIBYkExrRkhm.
buEn
eTaHbIRBHGg< :neKcputBIRkjaMBYkenHkI
k*shrd
Gaemrik minh)an TTYlykRBHGg<eLIy eRJH shrd Gaemrik xacxUc sm&n
ebI semc neratm sIhnu sitenAkgkNabdcin> c|asCabg,TMnas d* sK
PaB rbseK CamYycin. enAcugExkum; qaM 1979 elak etg s)av BIg
bdivtn kumynis :neRbI yuTsaRsenH edayeCaKC&ymgrYcmkehIy. buEn
enA TIRkugebkaMgvij .
sajCaBMuxan ehIyrbbzI k* nWgRtUv:tlMnwg . kalsm&y saZarNrdExr

kgkumgd UEdleZIVRbtibti karrMedaH semc neratm sIhnu o:nmunz kgT&B
ev[tNam cUleTAkg PMeBj :nTTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug eRJHTIRkugebkaMg :n

rMedaHGtitRbmuxrdExr mun:teTAehIy. eKGacsnidan:nzaebITIRkughaNUy
103
:neZVIdMeNIr mkshrd Gaemrik ehIyk*yag smc neratm sIhnu oeTAKg

bnabBI TIRkughaNUy vayykRbeTskmCa:n enAz 7 mkra qaM
1979 TIRkugebkaMg :nplCMnYymYyJnlandular eTAoBYkExrRkhm edIm|I
bnkarts)UedjkgT&Bev[tNam ecjBITwkdIExr . enH ebIeyageTAtamelak

104
Na yan canda Edl:neZIVkarviPaKmYyyagBisar enAkgTsSnavdI neya

:y breTs
21
rbs viCasan:raMgxagTMnakTMngGnrCati ecjpSayenAEx
emsaqaM 1989. eRJHEt karRbTajRbTgKa rvag cin nig shPaB sUev[t

enH Gkneya:y nig bJvnExr RtUvRbQmmuxdakKarhUt KWminoGkNa
karts)U edj kgT&B ev[tNam

ecjBI RbeTs kmCa
Le Front anti-vietnamien
QrkNal :neT CaBiess cMeJH GkEdlcg:nGMNac cgmantYnaTI
neya:yGIVmYy. rI smasPaB nRkumbkSBYknImYy>k*manlkN; d*cEmk
pgeT[t. magmancin manExrRkhm manGkRbCaZibety Gkniymbsim

elak layLMKa. mageT[t man shPaB sUev[t man ev[tNam ehIy
manBYkExrRkhm mYyEpkpgEdr. RkumnImYy> GUsTajRbCaCn bJvnExr
oKaMRTBYkeKer[g>xn. RkumTaMgBIrenH eCrRbeTcpasaKa edaytsMc ehIy
sbexImKa rhUtmk TlsBVzenH. ExrkanEtEbksamK<IKa EzmeT[t eRJHEt

TMnasrbs breTsesaHenaH. enH CaTMB&rRbvtisaRsmYy d*exAggit nigRbkb
eTAedayeRKaHzak. ebIxagNaQHmg> xagenaHCaGkRtUvehIy GkcajRtUveK

ykeTAeZIV:b eZIVTaruNkm yageXareXA . tamry;TMB&r RbvtisaRsenH
eKGaceZIVkarsnidan za; drabNaGkdwknaMExr enAEt rNbxagenH xagenaH
edayRCulhYsehtueBk eJlKW KankraCRKbRKan Kankarbrcg,tRbeTs
tamry;kareRCIserIs edayKanlMeG[gedayec[svag karbnb rbs breTs

eTenaH RbCaCnExr BMuGacecjputBI esaknadkm :neLIy .
karvayrMlMrbb kmCaRbCaZibety edaykgT&Bev[tNamenAqaM 1979
:necaTeLIgCabJamYy d*ZM cMeJH shKmn GnrCati eRJHCakarrMelaP

eTAelI GZibety n RbeTsmYy edayRbeTsmYyeT[tyagCakEsg. enA
kgn&yenH RbeTsev[tNam RtUvshKmnGnrCatiez,aleTasyagxaMg eTaHbI
GnraKmn xusc|abGnrCatienH :nCYyCivitRbCaCnExr EdlenAslBI kar
smabrg<al eRkamrbb BYkExrRkhmkI . eTaHbI mankarKabsg,tyagxaMg
BIsMNak shKmn GnrCatikI CaBiess BIsMNakRbeTscin nig bsim

elak k*ev[tNam minRBmdkkgT&B rbseK ecjBIkmCaEdr edayehtuza
rbb ehg sMrwn BMuTanman lTPaBRKbRKan sRmabTbTl nwgBYkExrRkhm.

ebIeKmin niyayBI c|abGnrCati ehIy EbreTAemIl karRbECgkmaMg GnrCati
vij eKeXIjza karvatTI rbsev[tNamenH :neZIVo:t tulPaB yagZn
Zr. eKman kar:rmxacERkg RbeTsev[tNam EdlmanshPaB sUev[t enA
BI eRkay vat TI cUleTA dlbNaRbeTs Gas)anEtmg. karrulmYykRmit

eTAmux n kmaMg rbs shPaB sUev[tenH eJlKW rbs bkSsm&neyaZa
varsUvIu TaMgmUl rYmbJlTaMgev[tNampg minGacoRbeTscin nig RbeTs
21
Revue Politique trangre n 4 , Hiver 1989 : Le Cambodge
dans la guerre.Un article de Nayan Chanda intitul : Le Cambodge et

les Grandes Puissances, p. 639, IFRI, Paris, 1989.
105
mYycMnYn n smaKm RbCaCati GasIuGaeKy CaBiess RbeTsz nig swgburI

RBmTaMg bsim elak TTYlyk:neLIy. enA z 21 mkraqaM 1979
dEdlenaH RbeTsz EdlkalBI z 31 mkra qaM 1978
CamYy rbbkmCa RbCaZibety rYceRsceTAehIyenaH
106
:ndakTMnakTMng
:nbJakza TIRkug
:gkkKaMRTrbbExr RkhmbneT[t. enAkgRbeTskmCaenaH vij kgT&Bev[t
Rkhm bneTAeT[t. mYys:heRkaymk KwenAz 18 kum; TIRkughaNUy
n ktikasJa varsUvIu k* BRgwgkgT&B rbseK JseBj RbeTskmCa edIm|I
cuHhtelxa eTAelIsnisJa mitPaBmYy rvagrbbkumynisTaMgBIr. cabtaMg
Nam Edl:nTTYl karKaMRTRKbvis&y BIshPaB sUev[t nig BIRbeTsnana

KaMRT rbb ehg sMrwn TbTl nwgExrRkhmEdlmankarKaMRT BIRbeTscin .
cabepImeZIVGaNaniKmkic eTAelIRbeTskmCaEtmg edaybgMorbbehg sMrwn
BI eBlenaHmk RbeTsev[tNam RKbRKgRbeTskmCa TaMgmUl Etmg eRJH
edIm|IvayrMlM rbb ehg sMrwn BYkExrRkhm EdlmgenH manbEgkyagmaMBI
KanTMnukTukciteTAelI GkdwknaMExr EdlrkEtOkasl edIm|IrMedaHxn ecjBI
CamYyRkumExr epSg>eT[t . eTaHbI enAz 25 mkraqaM 1979 semc neratm
suvN :nEtgtaMgxnelak CaGK<elxaZikar bkSkumyniskmCa EdlenA
cinpg BIbsimRbeTs nig BI bNaRbeTs Gas)an pg :nsuxcit rYmkmaMg

sIhnu RTg:nRbkaspac xnecjBIExrRkhmkI k*kgT&BExrRkhm enAEtsit
enA CakmaMgsMxan CageK dEdl . edIm|IkatbnyTiBl rbs ExrRkhm

enAkgrNsirRbqaMg nwg rbb ehg sMrwn elak sWn san :nbeg,ItRkum
rbs elakmYy Edlman eQaHza eNsirCatirMedaHBlrdExr enAz 9
tula qaM 1979 dEdl enaH . elak sWn san :nesIsMuo semc neratm
sIhnu dwknaM clnaenHEdr buEn RBHGg< BMuRBmTalEtesaH ehIy :nTat
ecalsMeNIenH enAz 25 vicika KW enAOkasEdlRBHGg< CYb nwg elak
GaNaniKmkicenH rbs ev[tNam . KwenA eBlenaHehIy Edlelak Ebn

BMuTanbr eQaHmkCa bkSRbCaCn bdivt kmCa enAeLIy .
karRbECg kmaMg rvag RbeTs mhaGMNac

nig RkumExr bdibk nana
enAeBlEdl BYkExrRkhm :kT&BenAqaM 1979 ehIy naMKaeTAtaMgTI
RbZanaZibtI :raMg hSIss,aed edssaMg enATIRkug:rIs .
enA kgRBEdlsitenA CayEdn RbeTsz BYkeK k*:nekNRbCaCnExr Ca
sMrwn
RBm TaMgCMnYy d*RkasERkl BI shrd Gaemrik CaBiess bnabBI:nRtUv
enAz 17 mkraqaM 1979 kgT&Bev[tNam EdlkarJr rbb ehg
:nrul mkdl TlEdnz ehIy :nvaykMeTc kgT&BExrRkhm Edl
manKaRbmaN 4 mWun nak . enAeBlEdlkgT&BExrRkhm EbkxatxayKa
xHeTABYnsmM enAPMRkvaj xHeTAlakxn enAPMdgErk buEnEdl:nek[rRbCaCn

sIuvil tamPUmi RbmaN 10 mWunnakeTACamYypg. edIm|IbJbsRg<ampkgenH
elak RbZanaZibtI:raMg vaeLrIu hSIss,a edssaMg :nesIsMuosemc nera

tm sIhnu yagmkRCkekanenAelITwkdI:raMg. buEnRBHGg<cgbeg,It clna
mYy rbsRBHGg< edIm|IvayrMlM rbb ehg sMrwn . enAz 10 kum;qaM 1979
dEdlenaH semc neratm sIhnu :nesIsMu oRbeTscin QbKaMRT BYkExr

107
eRcInmWunnak eTACamYypgEdr. bnabBI:nTTYlCMnYysaCazIeT[t BIRbeTscin
mhasni :t Gg<kar shRbCaCati seRmcTTYls<alza kgT&BExrRkhm

Ca kgT&B Edl mankmaMgRKbRKan sRmabedj kgT&Bev[tNam BITwkdIExr
RbeTskmCa :nkay eTACasmrPUmi saCazIeT[t . enAkgRkbx&N n

TMnas rvag kumy nisTaMgBIr ExrRkhm k* Eckecj CaBIrRkumEdr . Rkum
mYydwknaM
eday
Ebn
suvN,
ehg
sMrwn,
Ca
sIum,
h)un
Esn
man
RbeTsev[tNam nig shPaB sUev[t CabEgk. RkumExrRkhmmYyeT[t dwk

naMeday bul Bt eG[g sarI manRbeTscin RbeTsz swgburI nig shrd
108
Gaemrik CabEgk . enAz 3 sIha qaMdEdlenaH Gg<kar es GIu es EG)r
bneTAeT[t eTaHbImanTMnasrvag CnkumynisExr enAkgRsuk nig Cnkumy
TaMgmUlodwgza RbCaCnExr cMnYn 2 lan 5 Esn nak :kkmaMg QW RTuD
Bt eKcgkatbny karKabsg,t rbs ev[tNamEdr buEn CakarBi:k eday
(C.I.C.R.) nig Gg<kar yUnIeshV (U.N.I.C.E.F.) :nRbkasR:b BiPBelak

eRTamyagxaMg bnabBI:nrsenA kgTrikS Gsry;eBl Cag 3 qaM eRkam
rbbExrRkhm . kickarEdlrbb ehg sMrwn RtUveZIVCaGaTPaB KWbJakGMBI
mUlehtu Edl:nCMrujoBYkeKvayrMlM rbb bul Bt. enAz 15 sIha qaM

1979 rbb ehg sMrwn :nebIktulakar kateTas emExrRkhm bul Bt nig
eG[g sarI eday kM:Mgmux. xagGkRbqaMg nwg rbb ehg sMrwn vij eK:n
naMKabeg,It clnaCaeRcIn Cabnbnab. enAcugExsIha qaM 1979 dEdlenaH
elak Kg sIulas GtItGnuesnIy kmak n GtItkgnavacrExr nig elak

Ejm supun GtItnayTahan kgqRteyagExrmakeT[t :nbeg,Itclna rMedaH
CatikmCamYy
mUlINaka
enARsukes]g
ExRt:tdMbg.
clnaenH
EdlmaneQaHza
(Moulinaka) manninakarKaM RTsemc neratm sIhnu . mYy
s:heRkay karkekIteLIg nclnarMedaHCati mUlINaka enH BYkExrRkhm
cgRKbRKg clna rMedaHExrTaMgGs EdlRbqaMg nwg rbb ehg sMrwn eday

beg,ItrNsirmYyman eQaHza rNsireshaCati RbCaZibety . BYkExr
Rkhmbeg,It rNsirenH enAeBlEdlRbCaCnExr CaeRcInJnnak :nnaMKa

eP[ssRg<am rtmkdl RbeTsz enA kgtMbn RtaR:ya xageCIg GarJ
Rbezt . edIm|Iksag rbbkumynismYyzI eT[t enARbeTskmCa Ebn suvN
emdwknaMkumynisExr n rbb ehg sMrwn
RkugmUs<.
:neTACYbelak eRbseNhV enATI
nisExrmk BIev[tNamkI. cMeJHBYkExrRkhm Edl:nbHe:rRbqaMg nwg bul
ehtuzaebIKan karKaMRT BIRbeTs ev[tNam nig BI shPaB sUev[t eTenaH

BYkExrRkhm xagbul Bt nwg vilRtLbmkvij CaBMuxan . mageT[t BYkGk
raCaniym
nig
BYkGkRbCaZibety
BMumankmaMgRKbRKan
clna rMedaHTaMgmUl :neTAeT[t . karBit sRg<amenH CasRg<am rvag bg
bnkumynis dUcKa eJlKW rvag cin nwig shPaBsUev[t. rIbsimRbeTs

eKmincUlRbLk edaypal kgsRg<amenHeT . bul Bt CaemdwknaMExr kumy
nis xagcin mansm&nmitRKak> dUcCa shrd Gaemrik nig bNaRbeTs

Gas)an CaedIm . xag rbb ehg sMrwn eKKanCeRmIsGIVeT[t eRkABI karBRgwg
CMhr rbseK CamYy RbeTsev[tNam nig shPaB sUev[t RBmTaMg bNa
RbeTs n ktikasJa varsUvIu eLIy. GkviPaKxHylza RbsinNaCaKan

rNsir vayRbhar edjkgT&Bev[tNam ecjBITwkdIExr enaHeT ev{tNam
c|as CaBMugaynwgdkT&B ecj BITwkdIExreLIy. buEn GkviPaKxHeT[t ylza

ebIKanshPaB sUev[t CabEgkeT kgT&Bev[tNam k*BMuGacQreCIg enAelIdI
Exr:neLIy ehIy ebIkMuEt shPaB sUev[t rlMrlay:teTA KanzNa
RbeTskmCa GacrMedaHxn ecjBIev[tNam :neT . KW karrlMrlay n

shPaB sUev[t enHehIyEdl:nnaMeTAdl snisITGnrCati TIRkug:rIs qaM
1989 .
enAeBlEdl CMrMcMnYn 13 ebIkeLIgenAtam RBMRbTlz nigelITwkdI z
sRmabTTYl CneP[ssRg<am RbmaN 65 mWunnak / enAkgRbeTskmCa
enaHvij karksag rbb kumyniszImYy tamniyam shPaB sUev[t ecHEt

109
edIm|Iekabkab
110
sPaBkarN RbeTs kmCa
eRkay RBwtikarN
enAqaM 1981 dEdlenaH buEn enAcug ExsPa enAkgRbeTskmCa
enaHvij Ebn suvN emExrkumynis mkBI haNUy :nRtUvEtgtaMg saCazI
eT[tCaelxa bkSkumyniskmCa EdleTIbnwg :nbreQaH mkCa bkS
RbCaCn bdivtkmCa vij. namhasni:tbkSelIkTI 4 EdlRbRBwtieTA BIz
z 7 mkra qaM 1979

Le Cambodge aprs le 7 janvier 1979
bJaEdlecaTeLIg eRkaykavayrMlMrbb bul Bt manCaeRcInt KN
na . eRkABI karksag ehdarcnasm&n esdkic nig vb|Zm( eLIgvij eday

cabepImBIsUn rbbzIRtUveZIVoRbCaCn EdlenAslBIkarsmabrg<al kgrbb
bul Bt rsran manCIviteLIgvij . edIm|ICYsCul ehdarcnasm&n oman

dMeNIrkareLIgvij rbb ehg sMrwn xitxMRbEmRbmUlbJvn GkbeckeTsExr
EdlenAessslBIsab omkCYy ksag rdGMNaczI eJlKW rbb kumy
nismYyzI tamEbb shPaB sUev[t vijmg. buEn karRbEmRbmUlenH minEmn

Ca kargayRsYl eLIy edayehtuza bJvnmak> manninakarneya:y nig
menaKmviCaxus>Ka . rIkarGbrM nigkRmitvb|Zm( k*xusKaeT[t. EtebIBMurYb

rYmKasineTenaH BYkExrRkhm xagcin nig Gaemrik nwg vilRtLb mkeZIVTuk
eTas RbCaCnExrvij CaBMuxan . mageT[t kmaMgGkraCaniym nig GkRbCa

Zibety eTaHbUkrYmKamk k* minGacekabkabkmaMg rMedaHTaMgmUl:nEdr. Exr
Rkhm dwknaMeday bul Bt mankarKaMRTyagmaM BI RbeTscin. eTaHbI semc
neratm sIhnu :nesIsMuocinQb KaMRTExrRkhmkI k*cinminRBmEdr eRJH

semc sIhnu minEmnCakUnGuk rbscinNa KWRKanEtCasm&nmit CaQan
EtbueNaH. enAz 26 minaqaM 1981 enATIRkug:rIs ExrEdlman ninakar raCa
26 dl z 29 sPa KNkmaZikarmCimbkS EdlmansmaCikTaMgGs 21

nak :n RtUvEtgtaMg. kgeBlCamYyKaenaH smaCikkariyal&y neya:y
8 rUb k*:nRtUvEtgtaMgpgEdr. KWGkTaMgenHehIy EdlCaGkdwknaM rbbehg

sMrwn rIGkeT[t> RKanEtCaGkedIrtam CaGkGnuvtbueNaH. RkumsMxan>
EdlCa smasPaB n zakdwknaMbkS nig rd enAeBlenaH man 4 Rkumecj
mkBIRbPB xusKa KW ? 1) Rkum Ebn suvN, rs sam&y, Ca suT Edl:n
TTYlkarhat hVwkhVWn enAhaNUy taMgBI eRkaykicRBmeRB{gTIRkughSWENv
qaM 1954 2) RkumExrRkhm kgRsuk EdlbHe:rRbqaMg nwg bul Bt

manCa GaT ; ehg sMrwn, Ca sIum, h)un Esn _ 3 ) Rkumman RbPBmkBI z
dUcCa say PUzg, eT[ :j, ca er[g CaedIm 4) RkumCnCati TMBYn Gkts)U
enAswgERtg man b)U zg CaedIm. 4 qaMeRkayeBlEdl Ebn suvN RtUv

eKdkhUtecjBIGMNac (1981) ehIybnabBI can sIu
elak h)un Esn Edl:n RtUvEtgtaMgCardmRnITI 1 CMnYs elak can sIu enA
qaM 1985 :nbeg,ItRkummYy eT[t EdlmanTaMgGtItExrRkhm PUumiPaKbUJ(

TaMgRkumbJaCnEdl Ebn suvN nig GkCMnajkarev[tNam :nRbEmRbmUl
enAqaM 1979_1981 . elak Ca sIum EdlCaemRkumExrRkhm EpkbUJ(

ehIyEdlmanTMnasCamYy Ebn suvN :nTTYlEttYnaTI kitiys bueNaH
bnabBI:nRtUveKdkhUt BI RksYgmhap enAqaM 1981.
niym :nbeg,It clna ts)UmYy rbs xnpal maneQaHza hVnsIunebc

(F.U.N.C.I.N.P.E.C.) ehIy Edlman semc neratm sIhnu CaGkdwknaM .
111
TTYlmrNPaBeTA
112
CaGg<karnIti Rbtibtipg. elak ehg sMrwn :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa RbZan Gg<kar
BI rdaPi:l ehg sMrwn
enH EdlmansmaCik 7 rUb . elak Ca sIum :nRtUvEtgtaMgCaRbZanrd
eTA rdaPi:l Ebn suvN
sPa.
elak
Ebn
suvN
EdlCa
GK<elxaZikarbkS :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa
naykrdmRnI. rdaPi:l elak Ebn suvN RKbRKgRbeTs :nRtwmCag 6
Du Gouvernement Hng Samrin

au Gouvernement Penn Sovan
ExbueNaH eRJHenAExZqaM 1981 dEdl enaH elak Ebn suvN :nRtUveK

dkhUt BImuxtMENg ehIy bJneTARbeTs ev[tNam:teTA bnab BIman
rbbasaZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa Edl:nRtUvRbkas enAz 11 mkra
TMnasmYy d*ZM rvag ExrRkhm RkumbUJ( nig GkEdlmkBIhaNUy . kardk
qaM 1979 RtUvRBQmmuxnwgbJasMxan> 5 yag KW ?1) karminRBmTTYl
hUt Ebn suvN BImuxtMENg d*sMxanenH :nRtUveK BiBN(na za mkBI Ebn
zaCa rbbbnb edaykgT&Bev[tNam EdlQanJn TwkdIExr _ 2) karksag
CamYyTIRkugmUs< edayrMlg TIRkug haNUy . eKseg,t eXIjmageT[tza
Bt :nbnSl Tuko CaBiesskarksagCIvPaB suxaPi:l esdkic nig
CnCatiev[tNam enAkgRbeTskmCapg ehIy karbunbgrMedaH RbeTskmCa
RBmTaMg smaCik RKYsar rbseK swgEtGs Kansl . _ 3 ) GaNaniKm
mkBI Ebn suvN EdlCaGtItExrev[tmij deNImtYnaTIdwknaM rbs Exr
s<alBI sMNak Gg<kar shRbCaCati eRJHCarbbmYy EdlRtUveKcatTuk
suvN
RbeTseLIgvij
eday:tdTeT KW enAelI KMnr:kEbk Edl rbb bul
enAeBlenaH Ebn suvN RbqaMg nwg neya:yGenaRbevsn TakTg nwg
vb|Zm( sikSaZikar Cati sRmabRbCaCn Edl:n:tbg RTBsm|ti viCaCIv;
BI karKabsg,t rbs ev[tNampg . buEn ebItam karbkRsaymYyeT[t KW
kic rbs ev[tNam _ 4) kar RbECgkmaMgKa rvagRkum Ebn suvN mkBI
RkhmkgRsuk .
RbqaMg nwg bul Bt _ 5) karRBQmmux nwgkgT&BExrRkhm xag bul Bt
elak Ca sIum TTYlbnkxagmhap . buEn enAkgrdaPi:l Ebn suvN na
kgkarrMedaHRbeTskmCa ecjBI ev[tNam.
tYnaTI CardmRnImhap :nRtUvRbKleTAo elak xag sarwn vij. bnabBI
haNUynigRkum Ca sIum _ ehg sMrwn ExrRkhmenAkgRsuk Edl:nbHe:r
RBmTaMg clna ts)UrMedaHnana EdlRbECg CamYy BYkExrRkhm bul Bt
Rbmaz
TIRkughaNUy
yagxaMg
edaycgmanTMnakTMngedaypal
enAkgrdaPi:l ehg sMrwn EdlEtgtaMgenAz 8 mkra qaM 1979
z 2 kk,daqaM 1981 elak Ca sIum BMumantYnaTI CayuTsaRsenHeT[teT.
sm&yRbCMueBjGg<
:tbg RksYgmhap enAqaM 1981 enaHmk elak Ca sIum BMu:nTTYl
enAkgsm&yRbCMuenaH
enAeBleRkaymkeT[t kI . elak Ca sIum :nTTYlmuxtMENg CaRbZan
sab&ncug eRkayenH mantYnaTI CaKNRbZanrd eJlKWGg<kar nItib|Jtipg
elak h)un Esn Edl manmuxnaTICardmRnI karbreTs enAkgrdaPi:l ehg
bnabBIrdsPaelIkdMbUgbgs
:nRtUvEtgtaMg
elIk TI 1 :ncabdMeNIrkar enAz 24 mizuna qaM 1981 ehIy enA z 7 Ex
muxnaTIGVI TaMg Gs enAkgrdaPi:l eTaHCaenAkgrdaPi:l elak
rdsPa :n EtgtaMg sab&nrd sMxan> BIr KW rdaPi:l nig RkumRbwkSard.
rdsPa rIelak ehg sMrwn elak:nTTYl muxnaTI Ca RbZanRkumRbwkSard .
dEdl
enaH
rdZmnuJmYy :nRtUvRbkasoeRbI
113
114
h)un Esn
sMrwn :nrkSaTuk muxnaTIenHdEdl enAkgrdaPi:lelak Ebn suvN . sma

Cik PaKeRcIn n rdaPi:l elak Ebn suvN suTswgCaGkEdl:nTTYl
karhVwkhVWn enAhaNUy eRkayqaM 1954 dUcCa elak can sIu elak Ca suT
esdkic Ca rbbkmynismYy EdlQr enAelIeKalkarN samK<IPaBGnr
Cati nvN;GZn KWxusBIrbb bul Bt Edlsg,tZneTAelI sartICatiniym
mYyEbb EdlmanlkN;dacxat . GtItkmaPi:lExrRkhm EdlZabTTYl
elak can Pwn CaedIm . eRkABIenaH manbJvnmYycMnYn EdlmanTMnakTMng
karGbrM BI bul Bt k*dUcCabJvnExrmYycMnYn Bi:k nwg TTYlKMnitenHNas
pun elak yit Kwm esg elak Ebn NavuZ CaedIm . enAeBlenaH kgT&B
karN GMNacpackar n vN;GZn k* mindUcenACMnan bul Bt Edr eRJH
CitsiT CamYyelak Ebn suvN pgEdr dUcCa elak Kg sMGul elak eqg
CaBiess Bi:knwgyl GMBIsamK<IPaB CamYyev[tNam. TnwmenaHEdr eKal
ev[tNam EdlQreCIgenA elITwkdIExr mancMnYnRbmaN 20 mWunnak Edl
bJvn mantYnaTI d* sMxan ehIy karedaHdUr tampSarepSa k*man skmPaB
karKaMRTyagrwgmaM BI RbeTscin nig shrd Gaemrik. enAkgsnisiTGnrCati
eZIVkartamRksYg_mnIr nana CaBiess kmaPi:lZM> :nRtUvbJn eTAoer[n
rayRKbTIkEng edIm|ITbTl nwg kmaMgExrRkhm xag bul Bt Edlman

mYyenAGg<kar shRbCaCati EdlebIk sm&yRbCMu enAz 13 rhUtdlz 17
kk,da
qaM
1981
dEdlenaH
Gg<RbCMu
:nTTYlykesckIesImYy
rbs
RbeTscin EdltRmUvoRbeTsev[tNam dkkgT&BTaMgGs ecjBI TwkdIExr
bnabmk er[bcMkare:HeqatmYy EdlsitenAeRkamOvaT rbs Gg<kar sh

RbCaCati buEn EdlKankardkhUtGavuZ BIRkumExrRkhm dwknaMeday bul Bt.
karbMJkbMbn lTikumynis
dl kmaPi:l Exr enA
eLIgvijEdr buEnenAkgTMhMmYyd*tUc. eTaHCayagenHkI k*kmaPi:lExr Edl

sURtRTwsIkmynis makS_elnIn enARbeTsev[tNam enAshPaB sUev[t
Edr. enAkgeBldEdlenaH kare[bcMrd:lRksYg_mnIr k*sitenAeRkamOvaT
rbs GkCMnajkarev[tNam TaMgGs.
vK<sikSa neya:yEdl :nRtUver[bcMeLIgTaMgkgRsuk TaMgeRkARsuk
manezrevla BI 2 Ex eTA 6 Ex ehIyCYnkaleTA rabqaMpg k*man. eKaledA
sMxan n vK<sikSaneya:yenH KWplreb[bBicarNa TsSnviCa nig neya
:y mYyzI eTAoGkdwknaMRKbrUb. vIZIlagxYrk|al enH maneKaledA CRmH
KMnit GviCman ecjBI GarmNRbtikiriya rbs GkTTYlxusRtUvRKbEpk
RKbCanzak. edaylTiEdlRKbRKgRbeTskumynisEpkeTAelI RTwsI makS_
elnIn eKRtYvylTsSnviCaenH o:nc|asRKb>Ka . kmviZI manCaGaT ?
CMnan rbb ehg sMrwn
Le lavage de cerveau dans

le rgime de Hng Samrin
rbb ehg sMrwn EdlRbeTsev[tNam nig shPaB sUev[t :nbnb
eLIg ehIyKaMRT yageBjTMhwg TaMgxag EpkeyaZa TaMgEpk neya:y nig

115
TsSnviCa smarniym vicarviTa rUbZatuniym vicarviTa
22
Matrialisme dialectique
116
22
nig smarniym
RbvtisaRs
23
. eKbgatoBicarNaza KMnitGVI k*edayekItmkBI smar
meZa:yRKbRKan . mageT[t eday TsSnviCa kumynis minTTYls<al
(La matire) BI CIvitCakEsgTaMgGs KWKanRBHGaTieTBNa Gacc
KMnitpcepIm rbsbuK<l RBmTaMgktaTaMgLay EdleKcatTukza Gtenam&t
dUcCakarRKbRKg karcattaMg kardwknaMRbCaCn kmaPi:l nig kgT&BCaedIm.
sH eRJH tamkarBiteTA dMeNIrkar esdkic manCabJkB&n Canic nwg sti
xsEbbenH CakarmYy d* Bi:kBneBkRk . GkxHtjEtza karRbyuT nwg
buK<lmak> eZIVGVI> oEtrYcBId bueNaH KW KuNPaB k*Kan brimaN k*Kan.
rUbZatu
eKbgatmuxviCaepSg>eT[t
k* bHJldl RbeyaCn rbsvN;GZn karlUtlasEpkesdkic RtUvraMg
cMeJHGkman kRmitvb|Zm( TabBIeBlmun karsikSaRTwsITsSnviCa kRmit
GarmN rbs mnusS . ebIGIV> RtUvykeTAdak Ca rbsrYmTaMgGseTAehIy
KMnit
rbs
mnusSenaHeT.
eRkABITsSnviCaenH
GavuZRsYlCag. buEn saRsacar RbedAvijza eKBMuxacsRtUvEdleRbIGavuZeT
EteRKaHzakZM bMput KWR:C\a nigkarecHdwg . karqgkatvK<sikSaenH Ca viJa

sa sMxanNas . ehtudUecHehIy :nCaeRkayBI:nsikSarYc bJvn Ca
eRcIn
:nTTYltYnaTIsMxan>
CagGkts)UeCIgcaseTAeT[t.
rIJkesak
enAeBlenaH KW ? bdivtn h)anyk kmaPi:llg 100 nakeTAdUrykGk

manR:C\amak. eTaHCayagNakI GkEdl:ner[nsURtrYcehIy enAEtBMuyl
GMBIcMNucCaeRcIn dUcCasamK<IPaB nvN;GZn nig karksagsg<mmYy Edl

manlkN;viTasaRs edaye:Hbgecal ralCMen] EdlKanmUldanCaedIm.
cMeJHGkEdlcgrkSaTMen[m TmabExr eKmankarxkcityagxaMg . Bi:kCag
enHeTAeT[t KWkarkMcatoGsBIGarmNnUvralKMnitGtenam&t
(subjectivisme)
eJl KW KitepspasEtxng. eKRtUveZIVGIVEdlRsbnwg RkitRkmstanum&t
(lois objectives) Canic.
Tnwm nwg karer[nsURt RTwsI TsSnviCa TaMgLayenHEdlRtUveRbIeBl rab
Ex kmaPi:lExrRtUvxitxMksag nig CYsCulehdarcnasm&n er[bcMRksYgmnIr

nig sab&nepSg> . buEn kickarenHBi:kRkElg eRJHxVHsBV xVHRKb xVH
23
karksag rbb
saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa

La construction de la Rpublique
populaire du Kampucha
enAeBlEdl rbb ehg sMrwn cabepImksagrdGMNaczI ehdarcna
sm&n RBmTaMgTunEpkbJa TaMgbunanEdlExreyIg Zabman BIeBlmun> :n

RtUvrbbExrRkhm
kMeTcecalexcxIGs
edIm|IGnuvtmaKa(
bdivtnvb|Zm(
rbscin . bnabBI :nbeg,It rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn EdlmaneQaHza Rkum
RbwkSaRbCaCn bdivt kmCa enAz 8 mkra qaM 1979 rbb neya:y
zI :nRbkas eQaH rbb rbseK za saZarNrd RbCamanitukmCa enA z
12 mkra qaM dEdl. kickarEdl rbbzIenH RtUveZIV man TMhM ZMRkElg .

eKRtUvCYsCul
RbB&nEckcayTwk
Eckcaycrn
GK<IsnIpg
CYsCulGaKar
saZarN;pg ehIy er[bcM mUldan esdkicmYy d*zIRsLagpg . karer[bcM
sab&nrd omandMeNIrkarsnSwm> sin k* :nCYb nwg bsK< eRcInNasEdr
Matrialisme historique
eRJHkickarenH
TamTarnUvTunEpkbJayagxaMgka
CaBiess
smtkicbeck
eTs keTsRKbRbePT . enAcMeJHmuxParkic d*ZMeZgEbbenH bJvnEdlenA

117
118
slBIsab RtUvbeJj GskmaMgkay kmaMgcit kmaMgR:C\a rbseK edIm|I
RksYgsuxaPi:l RksYg GbrMCati RksYg ksikm CaedIm k*mandMeNIrkar Ca
cMGk enAeBlenaHza ; xagNa k*dUcxagNaEdr KWEter]gdeNImGMNacKa eZIV
enAeBlEdl sab&n RksYgmnIrepSg> cabepImman skmPaB Cabn
sarRbeTs eLIgvij edayTuker]g neya:y mYyGenIsin . eKnaMKaniyay
snSwm>.
ZMhwg eRJHBYkeK tecHeZIVGVIeT[teRkABIenHeT rIGVIEdlsMxan KW eZIVoRbCa
bnab karRbuyT nwg clnats)U k*ecHEtbn tQbQrEdr. enAEx mkra qaM
:nTaneBl ebIBMuenaHesateT nwg RtUvRbeTsCitxag RbmazemIlRsal Ca
edIm|IksagkgT&BExrRkhmrbs bul Bt eLIgvij . ebIKitBIqaM 1980 mk
CnrseLIgvij er[bcMkarbg,begI,tpl beg,In smtPaB karecHdwgrbs eKo
BMuxan CaBiess edIm|IkatbnycMnYn GkCMnajkarev[tNam TRmaMman Okas

l rMedaHRbeTsoecjput BInwmGaNaniKm ev[tNam . edIm|I ksagmUldan
esdkic eKRtUvbeg,It rUbiyvt nig RbB&nhirJvt. Cabfm eKRtUvbrg,It R:k
er[l omandMeNIrkareLIgvij eRJH bul Bt :nkMeTcecalGseTAehIy.

enAz 20 minaqaM 1980 rbbzI :necjRkdasR:ker[l oeZIV cracr eLIg
vij. enAkgvis&yneya:y GkdwknaM Exr nig GkCMnajkarev[tNam :n
RbEmRbmUlGkc|abExr EdlenAslBI karkabsmabeRkam rbb bul Bt o

mker[bcMbeg,It mUldanc|abmYy sRmab RKbRKgRbeTs . bnabBI e:Heqat
RCIstaMgsPa ZmnuJenAqaM 1980 rdZm nuJmYy :nRtUvGnum&t edayGg<
RbCMusPa elIkdMbUgbgs naz 27 mizunaqaM 1981. bnabBI beg,Itsab&nrd
:n Cabnbnab karcabepImdMeNIrkar :nCYb nwg bsK<CaeRcIn edayxVH

kmaPi:l nig GkkeTs . edIm|IedaHRsaybJa GsTaMgenH eK:ner[bcM
oman vK<sikSaRKbEpk kgRbeTsTaMgmUl. buEn karsarsmtkic d*eRcIn
EbbenH minGaceZIVeTA:n eday KanCMnYy BIeRkA:neLIy ehIy k*RtUvcay
eBlevla nigR:kyagsnwksnabpgeT[t. edaymanCMnYyBI Gg<kar mnusS

Zm( dUcCa Gg<kar kak:TRkhm GnrCati CaedIm nig Gg<kar eRkArdaPi:l
1980 shrdGaemrik :nbgVilR:kedaysmat eTAo clnaenH CaBiess

Tl nwg qaM 1986 TwkR:kEdl shrd Gaemrik :npledaylYclak eTA
oExr Rkhm mancMnYn RbmaN 85 landular . enAz 5 mina qaM 1980
semc neratm sIhnu eZIVkarcrca CamYy ExrRkhm edIm|I beg,ItrNsirEt

mYy . buEn ExrRkhm:nRcanecalsMeNIenHTaMgRsug . eRkaymkeT[t enA
z 4 kJa qaM 1981 bnabBI manesckIesI BIRbeTscin enAGg<kar sh

RbCaCati sMuoman kare:Heqat edayesrIenAkmCa / enA swgburI enaHvij
semc neratm sIhnu, ex[v sMpn nig elak sWn san :nkPaBKa begI,t
rNsircRmuHmYy. enAeBlenaH kgT&Bev[tNam cMnYn 20 mWunnak :nRtUv
ykmkdakRbcaMkar Ca eRscenAtamRBMRbTlz . yagNamij karRbECg
kmaMgKa rvag ExrRkhm bdibk TaMgBIrRkum KWRkummYy manshrd Gaemrik

CabEgk ehIyRkummYyeT[t man shPaB sUev[t KaMRT CasRg<ammYy d*
sahav bMput. karrIkraldal n bdivtnkumynis sUev[t enAkgtMbn min
GacoGaemrik CaBiess cin GtOno:neLIy.
Edr kalNacin nig ev[tNam TasETgKa ExreyIgRtUvEt EckecjCaBIr

RkumdUecH CakMhit.
RbmaN 11 RBmTaMgCMnYy BIbNaRbeTs n ktikasJa varsUvIu pg RksYg

mnIrmYycMnYn EdlTakTg nwg esckIRtUvkarCabnan rbs RbCaCn dUcCa
119
buEn dUcCa sBVdg dUecH
120
GMBI RkumsamK<I bg,begItpl RbePT TI 3

Le groupe de solidarit de production
agricole type 3
bnabBIecjputBIrbb bul Bt enAedImqaM 1979 RbCaCnExrRtUver[bcM
CIvPaBrbseKeLIgvij . buEnenARKadMbUg eKsitenAkgsanPaB xVHcMNIGahar

zaMsg,v bnmkeT[t. eday:nCMnYyxH> BIGg<kar mnusSZm(pg BI shPaB
sUev[t BIev[tNam pg ksikrExe :nvilRtLbmkrkdIZI BIeBlmun rbseK
ehIy :nxitxMer[bcM ERscm,ar rbseKeLIgvij tamEbbbTdUnta. buEn bJa
EdlecaTeLIgenAeBlenaH minEmnCa bJakmsiT dIZI GIVeT KW bJaxVHsmar
sRmabbg,begItpl. rImnusSRbusEdlenAessslBIsabeRkamrbb bul

Bt k*mancMnYntic RkElg . dUecHeXIjza kmaMgplitkm suTswgCaRsI em
may . edaysg<mExreyIgtaMgBIedImmk Casg<m mataZibetyRsab ehIy
eday narIZabCaGkdwknaMpHsEm|g esdkicRKYsartaMgBIsm&yGg<rmk kare[b

cM plitkmepSg> k*ecHEtman dMeNIrkar CasnSwm> . edIm|IedaHRsay bJa
xVH smarsRmab bg,begI,tksipl rdGMNaczI :nbeg,It Gg<PaBplitkm bI
Ebb EdleKoeQaHza RkumsamK<Ibg,beg,Itpl. edayrbbzIenH Carbb
kmynis eKRtUvlubbM:t rbbkmsiTkCnCabeNIr>enAeBlEdlkarkekIt

eLIgvij n kmsiTikCn cabepImmansnHsaCazI . enAeBldMbUg eKrkSaTuk
reb[b esrIniymsin eJlKW RkumsamK<IRbePTTI 3 . tamEbbbTenH eKEck

dI oRkumRKYsarnImYy> er[bcM bg,begI,tpl niyayocM KWeZIVERs . bkrN
sRmabeZIVERs RtUvykmkdakrYm edIm|IEckKaeRbIR:s rI plRsUv RtUvEck

tamRKYsar nImYy>. RKYsarnImYy> RtUvTukRsUvmYyPaK sRmablkord .
bJaEdlecaT enAeBlenaH KW rdTijRsUvRbCaCn edayo tmezakeBk Ca

121
ehtueZIVoCIvPaB rbseK enAEtdundab dEdleTaHbI kRmitTrikS:ncuHzybnic
mg> mkvijkI. RKYsarNa EdlmanRsUvBMuRKbRKan sRmablkord RtUveK

ecaTRbkanza lYclkRsUvoxaMg eJlKW BYkExrRkhmmageT[t . enAkg
krNIEbbenH eKBMuGacTijsem{kbMJk k*rbseRbIR:ssBVsareBI BIrd
edaytmezak:neT. enAkgtMbnxHmak> rkSa:nRtwm150 KILRkambueNaH.
enAkgtMbnxHeT[t
EdlBYkExrRkhmxag
bul
Bt :nlYccUlmkbg,bxn
GaC\aZr rwbGUs yk RsUv Gg,r swgEtTaMgGs KWTukoEtbnicbnc bueNaH
CaehtueZIVoRbCaCn mankarekARkhayyagxaMg. eKnaMKaykJkRbCaRbiy

ExrmYy kalBICMnan GaNaniKm:raMg mkniyayt>Ka dUecHza ? cuHTwkRkeBI
eLIgelIxa cUlRBbna cUlpSarbUlIs . taMgBICMnanNamk RbCaCnExr
manbJaCanic CamYy RbB&nRKbRKg.
eTaHbIEbbEpnplitkm RkumsamK<IRbePTTI 3 enH manbJaEbbenHkI
k* tamkarBit va:nedaHRsay bJaCIvPaB :nmYykRmittUcEdr eRJHeKTTYl
pl tamsmamaRt . rIRsUvGg,r EdllkordCaTUeTA KW sRmabykeTA

ksag nigkarJrRbeTs eRJHsRg<amenAEtmanbnCanic TnwmKa nwgkarkekIt
eLIg n kariyaZibety d*tUcmYYy. enAeBlenaH EbbEpnplitkmRbePT TI
3 enH k*Ca karGnueRKaHmYypgEdr enAkgn&yza rbbehg sMrwn Ca rbb

kumynis eJlKW rbbsmUhPaBniym EdlcUlciteZIVkar sRsaksRsaM
ehIy EdlseRmcsRmYceTA RKYsarnImYy> rkGg,rmYykMbug RckqaMgmin:n
pg KWdUcJk casburaN ExrEtgeJlza KaeRcInGnSmexac KadUcRsemac
GnSmeqA. eTaHbIGkdwknaMExrkalCMnanenaH ylyagdUecHkI k*eKRtUvsRmb
dacxat tam rbbkumynis CaZrmanEdr ebIBMuenaHesateT nwg RtUveKbJn
eTAer[nsURt enAhaNUy EbkkUn EbkecA EbkRsukEbkeTs CaBMuxan. cMeJH

lTikumnis eKylza kmsiTkCn Cakta n karCiHCansg,tsg,in vN;
122
GZn CakarRbqaMg nwgsmPaB sg<m KW za ebIRk RtUvRk TaMgGsKa ebIman
plitkm Ca rbssmUhPaB buEn RKYsarnImYy> mandIERsrbseK ehIy
PaBniym min:neT KanzNaeK:nvilRtLbmkRsukvij :neLIy. eKal
TukkmsiTi rbseK bnmkeT[t buEn RtUvoeKxI bkrNTaMgenaH enAkgkrNI
RtUvmanTaMgGsKa. ebIer[nBMuecHeT KWebIkayeTACa Cnkumynis GksmUh

edA rbs BYkkumynis enAeBlenaH KW eZIVyagNa edIm|IBRgwgRkumsamK<I
RbePT TI 2 bnabmk RkumsamK<I RbePT TI 1 Etmg eJlKW Rkumplitkm
smUhPaB TaMgRsug.
Edlman kargarrYm . EtenHRKanEt CasPaBkarN cMeJHmuxEtbueNaH eRJH

c|abCa eKalkarNbJakza dIERs kI eKa RkbI kI ng<&l kI KWsuTEtCakm
siTi rbsRbCaCn TaMgGs KW mann&yza KankmsiTikCneT . enAqaM 1982

RkumsamK<IRbePTTI 1 EdlCaKMrU EbbEpnplitkm tamlTikumynis mancMnYn
RbmaN BI 30 eTA 38 PaKry . ebIKit BIplitpl KWmancMnYnticNas
GMBI Rkumbg,beg,Itpl
ebIeRb{beZ[b nwg RkumRbePTTI 3 nig RbePTTI 2 . tamEbbEpn plitkmenH
RbePT TI 2 nig RbePT TI 1
KW rd CaGkkabplitkmTaMgGs KWTaMgkmaMgplitkm TaMg bkrN plit

km. ksikrmak> TTYlBIrdmkvij nUvrbb rbs xn EdleKEbgEckeTAtam
Les groupes de solidarit

de production agricole type 2 et type 1
kmaMgplitkm EdlmanTaMgGs bIRbePT KW RbePT TI 1 mnusSEdlmanGayu
RkumsamK<I bg,beg,Itpl RbePT TI 3 CaEbbEpn plitkm EdlRbCa
CnExrcUlcitCageK
TTYlpleday kargar rbsxn . GkEdlman eKa RkbI BIeBlmun GacrkSa
eRJH
:nTTYl
cMENk
plRsUv
tamsmamRt
kargar rbseK. buEn EbbEpnplitkmenH :nRtUv bkSkumynisExr enA

eBlenaH riHKnyagxaMg edayeKcatTukzaCaBnk nlTimUlZnniym. enAkg
vK<sikSa neya:y nana kmaPi:l XMu_sg,at EtgEtTTYlkarsIbenas Ca
er]y> eRJH eKBMu:nxitxM bg,lkN;ERbkay RkumRbePT TI 3 enH oeTACa

RkumRbePT TI 2 nig TI 1 EdlnaMeTArk rbbkumynis. enAqaM 1979 Rkum
samK<I bg,beg,Itpl RbePTTI 3 mancMnYn 70 PaKry . buEn edayman kar
Kabsg,tBI bkSkumynis cMnYn nEbbEpnplitkmenH :ncuHzyCalMdab .
enAqaM 1980 eKeXIjman enAslEt 35 PaKrybueNaH ehIy 6 qaMeRkay

mk :ncuHmkdl 10 PaK ryEtmg. enAqaM 1986 RkumsamK<IRbePT TI 2
:nekIn mkdl 60 PaKry. tamEbbEpn TI 2 enH dIERs nig bkrN

123
BI 18 eTA 55 qaM . RbePT TI2 KW GkEdlmanGayu BI 12 eTA 18 qaM .

RbePTTI 3 kumar Edlman Gayu ticCag 12 qaM . Rkum samK<IRbePT TI 1
enH BMumanlkN;xusBI CMnan bul Bt bunaneT. KW enAkgn&yenHehIy
EdlenAeBlenaH GkdwknaMExr cabepImman karraErk CaGtibrma . rIbJa
EdlecaT Kwza etIsuxcitoplitkmRsUv cuHzy k*e:HbgEbbEpn plit

kmkumynisecalvij. KWenARtgcMNucenHehIy EdlmankarExVgKMnitKa mYy
yagZM rvag GkdwknaMExr nig GkCMnajkar ev[tNam . karmincuHsRmugKa
sIBIkarBRgwg karlubecal n RkumsamK<IRbePTTI 1 enH :nnaMmk nUv vibti
mYy d*ZM enAkgCYrzakdwknaM nig enAtammUldanplitkm. buEnenATIbMput eKk*
:nbeNay eTAtamdMeNIr rbs vasin eJlKW RTwsIepSg karGnuvtnepSg.

bnabBI karts)UmtiKa GsmYyry;eBl RkumsamK<IRbePT TI 1 :nRtUvBRgwg
eLIgvij edayman karcuHpSay nUv siti EdlbJakza RkumsamK<I TI 1

124
:nTTYlpleRcInCageK . buEn KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlRbCaCnExr naMKart
rvag cin nig ev[tNamenAkgtMbnpgEdr. karvayrMlMrbbExrRkhmenAz 7
Okas
Rkhm. buEn karvat TwkdI rbs ev[tNam nig shPaB sUev[t mkkgTwkdI
eTARbeTsz yagsnwksnab CaehtueZIVo ExrRkhm xagbul Bt :n

ekN
RbCaCnExrTaMgenaH
eTAovayExrmageT[t.
karRsavRCavrk
tYelxBitR:kdsta num&t GMBI plitplRsUv enAeBlenaH CakarBi:kRk
mkraqaM 1979 Ca braC&ymYyyagZM rbscinkumynis EdlKaMRTrbbExr
Exr :neZIVobNaRbeTs n smaKmGas)an CaBiess RbeTsz mankar
Elg . GVIEdleK:ndwgtam ry;r:ykarNnana KWza 1 qaMeRkayrbb bul
PitP&yyagxaMg eRJHsRg<am Gacraldal cUlkgRbeTs rbseK pgEdr.
5 lan nak bueNaH. enAqaM 1981 1982 nig 1983 plitkm RsUv:nekIn
Edl:ncabepImecjrUbrag saCazIeT[t enAqaM 1979 enAkg tMbn GasIu
Bt plRsUv min:nmYylan etanpg EteBlenaH RbCaCn mancMnYnRbmaN

1 Ca 2 KW sitenAkgkRmit 1 lan 8 Esnetan . eTaHCayagenHkI k*Rb
CaCnExrTUTaMgRbeTsBMumanCIvPaBZUrZar enAeLIyEdr eRJH sRg<amRtUvbn eTA
eT[t ehIykarer[bcMrd:l nig karCYsCul ehdarcnasm&n CYb nwg karxVH

xatRKbEbbyag CaBiesskarksag mUldansSahkm . xagEpkGbrMCati
karxVHxat manTMhMmYy d*ZMmhima ? NamYy ekrdMENl d*GaRkk Edlrbb
ExrRkhm:nbnSlTuko Bi:knwglubbM:tRkElg NamYyGkecHdwgk*man

cMnYntic NamYy kmviZIsikSa minRsb eTA nwg sPaBkarN .
bribT GnrCati n sRg<am
enAkg RbeTs kmCa rvag qaM 1979-1989
cMeJHshrd Gaemrik karKMram kMEhg rbs shPaB sUev[t nig ev[tNam

GaeKy k*GacnwgeZIVo shrdGaemrik :tbgTiBlrbseKenAkgtMbnEdr .
KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdlTIRkugvasIugetan xitxMBRgwg ktikasJaTIRkugmanil

eLIgvij KW ktikasJaEdledIrtY bnBIktika sJaGUtas
15
. enA Ex mizuna
qaM 1980 shrd Gaemrik :nbJnsJVvuZ yagRkasERkl mkoRbeTs
Casm&nmit rbseK enAkgtMbn GasIuGaeKy. enAcMeJHmux sPaBkarNenaH

RbeTsz mankgVlyagxaMg edayehtuza shrd Gaemrik minGac cuHmk
RbyuTedaypal:neT. mYyvijeT[t ebIRbeTsz suxciteZIVshkar CamYy
Gaemrik nig cin KW eKeKcBMuput BIkarERbkay RbeTsz oeTACasmrPUmi
:neLIy. yagNamijsRg<amenH CasRg<am tTl nwg shPaB sUev[t

yagCakEsg . ebI shrd Gaemrik caj sUev[t enAev[tNameTAehIyenaH
sRg<ammgenH k* mindwgCa mandMeNIr EbbNaEdr . buEn ebI minTbTl nwg
Contexte international de la guerre

au Cambodge entre 1979 et 1989
15
sRg<amEdlekItmaneLIg enAkmCa BIqaM 1979 mkTl nwgeBlcuH
htelxa eTAelIkicRBmeRB{g TIRkug:rIsqaM 1991 BMuEmnRtwmEtCasRg<am
rvag rbb ehg sMrwn KaMRT edayev[tNam nig clnats)UExrbueNaHeT EtCa
sRg<am rvagshPaB sUev[t nigshrd Gaemrik tamry;karRbECgkmaMg

125
ktikasJa Gutas*
( O.T.A.S.E. )
Gg<kar
ktikasJRbeTsGasIu
GaeKy :nRtUvcuHhtelxaenAqaM 1954 enATIRkugmanIl RbeTshIVlIBIn
tam
karpcepImKMnit rbs shrd Gaemrik. ktikasJaenH RtUvlubecalvij enAqaM

1977 .
126
ev[tNam Edlman sUev[t enABIeRkayeTenaH lTikumynis k*nwg Gac ral
RbeTscin. yuTsaRsEdlcin nig Gaemrik eRbIenAeBlenaH KW eka RbeTs
xneZIVCarNb dUckalBI eBleRkaysRg<amelak Edlshrd Gaemrik :n
shPaB sUev[t CabEgkkI k*eKRtUv:tbgCMnYy d* snwksnab BIsMNak
dalcUlmkkgPUmiPaK TaMgmUlEdr . enATIbMput edayxacGaemrik ykRbeTs
bJnkgT&B mkkgRbeTseK TIRkug:gkk k* seRmc cgsm&nPaB CamYy

cin EtmgeTA .
eTaHbI
TIRkug:gkkxitxMBnl
RbeTsCa
smaCiksmaKmGas)an
nana za sm&nPaB CamYycin CakMEpgmYysRmabkarJr tTl nwg karBRgIk
vatTwkdI rbs ev[tNam nig sUev[tkI k* enAeBlenaH RbeTsCasmaCik
smaKmGas)an mYycMnYn dUcCaRbeTs maLayU nig NeNsIuCaedIm eKenA

Etylza cin EdlCasm&nmit rbs Gaemrik enAkgkarRbECgkmaMgenH k*Ca
eRKaHzakmYycMeJH RbeTseKEdr . minEtbueNaHesat eKylza shPaB
ev[tNam tamry;karpacTMnakTMngesdkic . eTaHbI RbeTsev[tNam man

GtItsm&nmit cin rbseKEdr.
sanPaB RbeTs kmCa

enA qaM 1982
Situation politique du Cambodge en 1982

bnabBI elak Ebn suvN :nRtUvcabbJn ykeTAdakXMuXaMg enA
sUev[t CakmaMgmYysRmabTbTl nwg karvatTwkdI Ca yzaehtu rbscin eTA
RbeTsev[tNamenAcugqaM 1981 :teTA rbb saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa
smaKm RbCaCati GasIuGaeKy ehAkatza Gas)an KW shPaB sUev[t Et
emc:nCa TIRkughaNUysuxcit oeKdkmnusSmakEdlZab:nTTYlkarhVwk
shrd Gaemrik swgburI nig RbeTsz :nnaMKaxitxMCYyeRCamERCg kmaMgts)U
ehIyEdlenAqaM 1979-1980 CamnusSxaMg n rbbzIeT[tpgenaH / tamkar
bribT n sRg<amenAkgRbeTskmCa kgT&BExrRkhm dwknaMeday bul Bt
muxnaTInaykrdmRnI nigCaelxabkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa. cMeJHTIRkughaNUy
eBlenaH eK:ndwgyagc|asza rbb bul Bt CarbbRbl&yBUCsasng.
Gk dwknaMExrmakRbkbeTAedayeRKaHzak. eKGacniyay:nza Exrev[tmijenA
oeXIjza kgT&B rbs bul Bt RKanEtCa cMENkmYybueNaH . buEn
ev[tNam bneTAeT[teLIy. TIRkughaNUy EdlZabmanbTBiesaZn CUrct
PaB sUev[t cayR:kyageRcInedIm|ITbTl nwg clna ts)UExrKaMRTeday
CakarBitehIy Edlza xagExrRkhm bUJ( eKeh[bEt maner]gEbbenH mun
vij . xag swgburI nig RbeTsz eKeC]za eRKaHzakZM cMeJH bNaRbeTs
RtUver[bcMcattaMgGkdwknaMzI . bJaEdleKecaTsYr enAeBlenaH KW zaehtudUc
mg. eTaHCaman karExVgKMnitKayagenHkI k*cabtaMgBIqaM 1979 enaHmk cin
hVWn nig karbMJkbMbn menaKmviCa CaeRcInqaM enARbeTsev[tNamkumynis
Exr
buEnenAkg
Bit KW TIRkughaNUyEtmg Edl:nseRmcdkhUt elak Ebn suvN ecjBI
mantYnaTIsMxanCageK CaehtueZIVo mti GnrCati mankarGlEGk eRJHenA
elak Ebn suvN Edls<alneya:y ev[tNamyagc|as :nkayeTACa
edIm|IRKbdNbcMNucexSayenH eK:nbeg,It clnaepSg>eT[t edIm|IqHbJaMg
eBl kabGMNac:nehIy BMucgrNbxaMghYsehtueBk nwg bkSkumynis
kgT&Bev[tNam EdlsitenAelITwkdIExr manCMnYy d*snwksnab eRJH sh
CamYy bul Bt mgrYcmkehIy mincgoer]gEbbenH ekIteLIgmgeT[teT.
edIm|IedjkgT&Bev[tNam
ecjBIRsukExr
127
yagskmEdr.
128
elak Ebn suvN eTAeT[t kalBICag1 qaMmun KWeBlEdlkgT&Bev[tNam
rbsev[tNam buEn eK k*cgpacxnecjBImhicta BIkarRtYtRtacatEcg rbs
RksYgmhap enAqaM 1981 eRJH :nRtUvTIRkughaNUy sgS&yza :nbg,b
elakCa GK<elxaZikarbkSEtmg. KanGkNa h)anRbqaMgelakeT enAeBl
cUleTAdl TIRkugPMeBj enAExmkraqaM 1979. elakCa sIum RtUvdkecj BI
kmaMglYcvayqk kgT&Bev[tNamCaer]y> . kardak Ebn suvN Ca nayk

rdmRnI k* BMu:neZIVo RkumbUJ( KW ExrRkhmEdl:nbHe:rRbqaMg nwg bul
Bt TTYlyk:nEdr . taMgBIeBlEdl bul Bt mantYnaTIsMxan kgCYrbkS
RbCaCnbdivtkmCa TMnas rvag GkbdivtExr nig Gkbdivt ev[tNam Ca

TMnasmYy d*ZM. enAqaM 1978 ExrRkhm PUmiPaKbUJ(mak eQaH G)uk b)un
eQ]n
:nniyay CamYyev[tNam TamTar sV&yyPaB oBYkExrRkhm
RbqaMg nwg bul Bt KW minoev[tNam eRC[tERCk kgkarbHe:rRbqaMg nwg

bul BteT . ev[tNam minRtwmEtminRBmbueNaHeT KW EzmTaMgcab G)uk b)un
eQ]n ykeTAoer[nsURtyagyUrenA ev[tNampgeT[t. rI Ebn suvN vij
sm&nmitenH rbseKEdr . eBleLIgkanGMNacPam Ebn suvN EtgtaMgxn
enaH eRJHelak :nbJakR:b rYcCaeRscza elak :ncUlbdivtn taMgBI
Gayu 14 qaM dUecH elakCaGkbdivteCIgcasCageK. enAcenaHqaM 1979 1981 elak Ebn suvN xitxMRbEmRbmUlbJvn nig GkkeTsExrcMNan>
EdlenAsl BIsabeRkam rbb bul Bt omker[bcM ksagRbeTs eTAtam

reb[bmYy xusBI kardakTis rbs TIRkughaNUy nig rbsKNmCimbkS .
enAeBlenaH elak h)un Esn CaGkCMnitmak rbs elak Ebn suvN kg
cMeNambJvn sMxan> EdlminsUvylRsbbunan nwg maKa( d*rwgqb rbs
bkS kumyniskmCa enAeBlenaH EdlBMuTan:nbreQaHmkCa bkSRbCaCn
bdivtkmCa enAeLIy . enAcMeJHmux riyabzenH rbs Ebn suvN TIRkug
eTaHCa manRbvtiCaGkts)U ev[tmijkI k* enAeBleLIgkanGMNac elakcg
haNUyk*seRmcdk Ebn suvN ecjBIGMNac ehIydakGtIt Gkts)Uev[t
Ebn suvN eTACYbelak eRbseNhV enATIRkugmUs< kgeKaledArk bEgkBI
Nam :ndakbJvn rbbcas enAswgEt RKbkEngsMxan> CMnYs Gkts)U
pacxnecjBITiBl rbsev[tNamEdr. enA z 12 tula qaM 1979 elak

shPaB sUev[t palEtmg CaehtueZIVo TIRkughaNUy Edlman karbt
EbneRcIn Epkneya:y mankarGakGncityagxaMg . dUecH eXIjza eTaHCa

maneKaledAdUcKakI k* Ebn suN manTMnas CamYyRkumelak Ca sIum Edr
eRJH CaRkumbdibkKa taMgBIedImmkpg ehIy CakardNImGMNac deNIm
mijmakeT[t KW elak can sIu CMnYsvij . TnwmenaH GkCMnajkarev[t

eCIgcas edIm|IplsnHmYyzIeT[teTAobdivtn. tamkarBit Ebn suvN :n
eZIVkickarenH CagJkkNal rYceTAehIy. dUcenH bJvn TaMgenaH enAEtrkSa

TsSn; rbs Ebn suvN dEdl.
enAkgsm&yRbCMurdsPaelIkTI 2 Edl:nRbRBwtieTA BIz 5 rhUt
kardwknaMRbeTspg. enAeBlenaH TIRkughaNUy mankarGlEGk yagxaMg
dl z 11 kum;qaM 1982 GktMNagraRs :neZIVviesaZnkm sMxan> edIm|I
bul Bt eTAoGtItyuTCnEdlZabts)UkgCYrev[tmijmakeT[t/ tamkarBit
kgsm&y RbCMuenaHehIyEdlelak can sIu :nRtUvEtgtaMgCapvkarCanayk
eRJH mindwg RtUvplkarTukcit eTAoGkNa / eTAoExrRkhm RbqaMg nwg
eTA buEnCakarBit EdlBi:knwgeC] GkEdlZabrsenAyUr enAev[tNam BMusUv
mankarekatEs\g ev[tNambunaneT . BYkeKmanCMen]eTAelImaKa( yuTsaRs

129
sRml dl karbkRsayc|ab nig karGnuvtn eKalkarNrdZmnuJ. KwenA

rdmRnI CMnYselak Ebn suvN bnabBI:nTTYlParkicenH taMgBIcugqaM 1981
mk KW eRkayeBlEdl Ebn suvN :nRtUveKdkhUtecj BImuxtMENgenH

130
enAz 4 Z qaM 1981. enA qaM 1982 enaH GaC\aZrsaZarNrd RbCamanitu
CamYy kmaMg Kabsg,t rbs GaNaniKmniym rv[tNampg . minzaeLIy
rI GRtalUtlas RbCaCn KW 5 ek|{s 24 PaKry. enATIsmrPUmi enaH
kgkrNIxH karkMhit rbs ev[tNam BMuGaceZIVeTA:neLIy. kickarEdl
kmCa :nktsMKalza GRtakMeNIt:nekIn kgkRmit 5 ek|{s 5 PaKry

vij karRbyuT tTl nwg kgT&BExrRkhm xag bul Bt kanEtBi:keTA>Ca
lMdab eTaHbIev[tNam :ndakkgT&B rbseKCaeRcInkEngkI CaBiess enA
tamCayEdn Exr-z . enAz 22 mizuna qaM 1982 dEdlenaH enATIRkug
KULaLmBYr RbeTsmaeLsIu bnab BI:nTTYlkarKabsg,t BIsMNakRbeTs
smaKmGas)an GsCaeRcInExsmasPaB Gkts)UExrRbqaMg nwg kardakkg

T&Bev[tNam kgRbeTskmCa :nCYbRbCMuKa edIm|IcuHhtelxa ylRBmKa
beg,ItrdaPi:lcRmuHmYy maneQaHza rdaPi:lcRmuH kmCaRbCaZibety
(G. C. K.D.) . smasPaB n rdaPi:lenH manTaMgGs 3 Rkum KW Rkum
ExrRkhm dwknaMeday bul Bt RkumGk niymsIhnu nig rNsirCati rMedaH

BlrdExr dwknaMedayelak sWn san . BYkExrRkhm maneRb[b CagRukum
nana eRJHCa kmaMgZMCageK enAkgrdaPi:l cRmuHenaH . RkumExrRkhmenH

mankgT&BcMnYn 3 mWun 5 Jnnak xag elak sWn san 8 Jn nak ehIy
xag semc neratm sIhnu manEt 3 Jn nak bueNaH.
Edl:nRtUvEtgtaMgCMnYsrdaPi:l elak
EdlsMxanCageKenAeBlenaH
EtsitenACaTMnas rbselak cansIu bnmkeT[tEdr enAeBlEdlelak can
sIu eLIgmkkan GMNac . eq{tOkas vtman n kgT&Bev[tNam enAelITwkdI
Exr RBmTaMg karcaM :cRtUvRbyuT nwg kmaMgExr mageT[t EdlmankarKaMRT

yagmaM BIsMNak shKmn GnrCati TIRkughaNUy :nbgMGkdwknaMExr o
sRmYldl kickarGaNaniKmkic rbseK . GkdwknaMExrTaMgGs
eTaHCaRkum
Na k*eday rkSaCanic nUv CMhrRbqaMg nwg GaNaniKmkic rbs ev[tNam
ebImineRcIn k*bnicbncEdr elIkecj EtExrmYycMnYn Edlrs eedaykarEGb

Gb edIm|Ieq{teZIVCa Gkmanmuxmanmat manGMNacbuNski nigCa esdIEtmg
k*Gacza:n . KWenAeBlenaHehIy Edl clnats)Upkg ecjrUbrageLIg
TaMgenAkgCYrzakdwknaM TaMgenAkgCYrkmaPi:l. karts)UenH BMumanlkN;maMTaM
CaExScgVak CaRTgRTayZMGVIeT . enATIbMput GkRbyuTpkgmYycMnYnZM :n

RtUvev[tNamcabGs Cabnbnab enAkgcMeNamenaH manGnurdmRnI RksYg
enH CakartRbeyaCn eRJHev[tNam kankabRbeTskmCayagENn rYc
Ebn suvN taMgBIExZqaM 1981mk RtUvRBQmmux nwg bJa d*cRmUgcRmas.

bJa
bMput edayehtuza TMnas rvag elak Ebn suvN nig TIRkughaNUy k*enA
kgT&BExrRkhm Edlmanreb[brsenAtamEbbskiPUmimYy d* cEmk . karts)U
Le Gouvernement Chan Si
sIu
rdaPi:l rbs elak can sIu RtUvedaHRsay manlkN;sKsaj CaTI
mhapmakeQaH mIu ePaK pgEdr. mIu ePaK CaGtIt emkgBl 09 n GtIt
rdaPi:l elak can sIu
rdaPi:lelak can
Etelak Ebn suvNeT sUm|IEtelak can sIu k*mankarBi:kdUcEtKa eRJHenA
KWkarRbyuTTbTlnwgclnats)UExr
rMedaHRbeTs ecjBI kgT&Bev[tNam enAelI TwkdIExrpg nig TMnaspkg

131
eRsceTAehIy. putBI elak Ebn suvN dl evn elak Ca sIum vijmg

EdlenAeBlenaH enAEtbnkab kmaMgpkg mYyPaKZM dEdl eTaHbI TIRkugha
NUy :neZIVGIV RKbEbbyag edIm|I ekaelak ecjBIkickarrdaPi:l nig BI
TItaMg yuTsaRssMxan> kI . enAkgry;kalenaH enAkgRKbvK<sikSaneya

132
:y saRsacar ev[tNam EtgEtez,aleTas edayRbeyaldl GIVEdleK
eBlenaHza putBI cindlyYn putBIyYndlcin KanzNamYyGacs<alsux
ehAza rdGMNacmuxBIr . KWenAkgbribTenHehIy Edlelak can sIu RKb
:neLIy . RbsinNaCa sRg<am ecHEtbneeTAeT[tenaH
nwg elak Ebn suvN Edr dUcCaelak rs sam&y nig elak Lay samun
ExrBitCaputBUC rltCatiGsKansl eLIy.
RKgRbeTs . elak can sIu k*dUcCaelak Ebn suvN nig GkEdlesaHRtg

CaedIm Edl:nRtUvdkhUt BImuxtMENg Cabnbnab.
enAkgrdaPi:l elak can sIu RBwtikarN EdlsMxanCageK KW kar
ksagkMEpg k 5 edIm|IRbyuTTbTl nwg kgT&B ts)UExr CaBiess BYkExr
Rkhmxag bul Bt . kMEpgkarJrenaH EdlGkseg,tkarN breTs ehAza
kMEpg#sSI (Mur
de bambou) EdlcabepImBIkarekNRbCaCnExr RKbTisTI
TaMgkgcMeNamRbCaCn TaMgkgcMeNamkmaPi:l oeTAelIkTMnb CiIkRbLay

eZIVsanzl kabRBeQI KW eZIVyagNa kMuokgT&BExrRkhm Gaclakxn:n
eJlKWeZIVCa rnaMgTbTl nwg kgT&BBYkExrRkhm bul Bt EdlenAeBlenaH

eZIVkarvayluk yagxaMgcUlmkkgRbeTs. RbCaCn nwg GkdwknaMrdkar rab
Esnnak :n:tbgCivit enAkgkarksag RbB&nkarJryuTsaRs d*ZMenH.

enA tamRksYgmnIr nana Gkrdkar :nRtUvbNajrdGMNacev[tNam enA
kmCa bgMoRJtR:sbIRbBn kUnecA ecjeTAkarJr kMEpgenH CakMhit .
GkrksIutampSarepSa RBmTaMgnisSit k*eKcBMuput BI kMENnenHEdr . KW Cakar
RbyuT rvag Exr nwg Exr d*sahavGsar. magkarJrbdivtnyYn nig sh
PaB sUev{t ehIy mageT[t karJrmhictacin bNaRbeTsGas)an nwg

bsimelak. eRkABIGkEdl:n:tbgCivit enATIsmrPUmi eKeXIjman Gk
Edl:nvilRtLbmkPUmi kMeNItvijEdr
buEn edaynaMmk CamYypg nUv CmW
RKuncajCab nwg xn ehIy mksabenARsukrbs eK enAcMeJHmux Bukmay

bgbn yagevTna BneBkRk. eKeXIj nig ePg BiZIEhexac swgEtralz
enAkgTIRkug. KW CaTsSnIy PaBKYrosegVK BneBkRk . eKnaMKaniyayenA

133
Exr nwg putBUCEt
mg . karBit KWdUecHEmn ebI shPaB sUev[t BMurlMrlayTaneBleTenaH
tRmuy nkarERbRbYl sanPaB

neya:y enA qaM 1983
Vers une nouvelle donne politique

En Asie du sud-est en 1983
enAz 12 mkra qaM 1983 semc neratm sIhnu :nRbkasR:b za
edayRBHraCsuxPaB rbs RBHGg< BMusUvl RBHGg< RtUvbgMRBHraCh#T&y

pak RBHraCskmPaB rbs RBHGg<CaeRcInEx. enAeBlenaH eKseg,teXIjza
ExrRkhm :nkayeTACakmaMg d*ZMCageK enAkg rNsirRbqaM nwgvtman kg

T&Bev[tNam enAkmCa . enAeBlEdlkgT&Bev[tNam cUlmkkgRbeTsExr
RbCaCnExr RbmaN 4 mWun 5 Jnnak :nnaMKa rteTARbeTsz . enHRKanEt
enArvagedIm nigJkkNalqaM 1979 bueNaH. enAeBlenaH kgT&Bz :neZIV
karrujRcan CneP[sxnTaMgenaHmkkgRsukvij CaBiess enAmMRBHvihar. enA

eBlEdlBYkeKrtbkeRkaymkvij ExrcMnYn RbmaN 1 mWun nak :nRtUv:t
bgCivit edayCanRKabmIn. eTaHCayagenHkI k*enAcugqaM 1979 dEdlenaH

RbCaCnExrcMnYn 20 mWunnak :nnaMKartbEnmmkeT[t edayxacmaneRKaHTrikS
enAkgrbb kumyniszI pg nigedIm|IeKc BIkgT&BQanJnpg . mYyvijeT[t

GkEdlxacrbb kumy nis :ndwgtamviTza KW minEmnelakesrI NaEdl
mkrMedaHBYkeK BI rbb bul BtenaH EtKW BYkkumynis dEdlCadEdl eTaHCa

134
kumynis bdibk nwg KakI . BYkeK minGacRTaMRT rbbkumynis 2 dg dUecH
sIhnuEdlCaGdwknaMrNsirRbqaMg nwg vtmankgT&Bev[tNamenA kmCa :n
RtUvBYkExrRkhm bul Bt ykeTAeZIV CaZakbeg,InkgT&B rbsBYkeK:n yag
rd RbCamanitu kmCa . RBHGg<RTgeQVgyl enAeBlenaH za sRg<am rvag
eLIy ehIyk*minGacTukcit eTAelIrdaPi:lzI:nEdr. sPaBkarN enH :n

RsYl eRJHenAkgrNsirrMedaHCatizIenaH eK:ndwgza mansSrCn n rbb
caspgeT[t dUcCaelak sWn san nig semc neratm sIhnu pgeT[t .
BYkGkviPaK sankarNkgRsuk enAeBlenaH k* minEmn mindwgza manBYkExr
RkhmEdr buEn eKk*man ExSry; rbseK CamYy elakesrIEdr. BYkExrRkhm

sgwmza :tuPaB enHGacsRmYl oBYkeK beg,IncMnYn T&BrMedaHyagRsYl.
buEnExreP[sxn 1 PaK :necjrYcmkRbeTsTI 3 dUcesckIR:za . ebIKit
taMgBIqaM 1975 mkTl eBlenaH RbCaCnExr Edl:nrt BIrbbExrRkhm
mancMnYn 2 mWun 6 Jnnak rYceRsceTAehIy> enH edayminKitBIRbCaCnExr
cMnYnRbmaN 10 mWunnak Edl:nRtUvBYkExrRkhm ek[rykmkCamYy enA

eBlEdlkgT&ByYn vaydac KWenAeBlEdlBYkExrRkhm:kT&BenAqaM 1979
pgeT. BYkGkTaMgenH :nRtUv BYk bul Bt ykeTA bgathVwkhVWn eZIVTahan
TaMgGs. GkeP[sxnxHeT[t edaykabsPaBkarN min:nc|as Kw eday

ylza eKGacrteTARCkekan enAkgCMrM rbs elak sWn san
k* CMrM
rbs BYkraCaniymEtmg k*:n RtUvBYkExrRkhm RbmUlyk:n eTAvijGs
Edr . xagRbeTsz enaHvij edayeKP&yxac kgT&Bev[tNam vayluk

cUlmkkgTwkdIrbseK> k*eZIVkarcrca Casmat CamYycin Cabnan edIm|Ier[bcM
Ezgza RBHGg<R:zacgCYbGktMNag rbb ehg sMrwn eJlKW rbb saZarN

cin nigev[tNam CaBiess rvag shrd Gaemrik nig shPaB sUev[t Ca
sRg<amYy d*ZMmhima EdlGacERbkay RbeTskmCa TaMgmUl oeTACaepH Et

mg ehIy mYyvijeT[t ebIrNsir rbs RBHGg< ykC&yCMnH:n BYkExr
Rkhm xag bul Bt k* nwg vilRtLb eTAkanGMNacvij dEdlCadEdl rI
xnRBHGg<vij k*nwg RtUvExrRkhm ykeTAXMuTuk saCazIeT[t . RBHGg<eQVg
ylza KYrEtbJbsRg<am buEnenAeBlenaH TaMgExrRkhm TaMgrNsir rMedaH

BlrdExr rbs elak sWn san BMuGacylRsb:neT. eTaHCayagenHkI k*
enAz 6 mina qaM 1983 enaH semc neratm sIhnu :neZIVkarez,aleTas

yagxaMgdl clnaRbeTsmincUlbkSsm&n Edl:nseRmcTuk Gasn;Exr
enAGg<kar shRbCaCati oenATMenr. taMg BI qaM 1983 enaHmk sPaBkarN
neya:y TaMgxagTIRkughaNUy TaMgxagbNaRbeTs n smaKm RbCaCati
GasIuGaeKy ehA Gas)an cabepImman karERbRbYl . enAz 12 emsa qaM
1983 dEdlenaH enA kgGg<RbCMuvisamJmYy enATIRkugPMeBj GktMNag

RbeTsTaMgbI enANcin :neZIV karGMJvnav sMuoman karcrca CamYy bNa
RbeTs smaKm Gas)an.
beg,ItpvlMmYy EdlmaneQaHza pvlM etg s)avBIg . rIeKaledA KWbJn
eRK}gsJVvuZ mkokgT&BExr Rkhm. KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlkgT&BRBExr

Rkhm xag bul Bt :nekIn cMnYn dleTA 3 mWun 5 Jn nak.
enAz 7 mkraqaM 1983 enAeBlEdl smaCikrdaPi:lcRmuH kmCa
RbCaZibety
(G.C.K.D.) ebIkGg<RbCMumYy enAPMmal&y semc neratm

135
136
karEtgtaMg elak h)un Esn Ca

naykrdmRnI n rbb
saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa

enA z TI 14 mkra qaM 1985
Lavnement de Hun Sn le 14 janvier 1985

cabtaMgBIqaM 1983 RbCaCnExr TUTaMgRbeTs :necjput bnicmg>
BI eRKaHTrikS. RsUv Gg, cMNIGahar RBmTaMgeRK]gbePaK briePaKepSg>

eT[t mansPaBkanEtlRbesIr ehIyRKbRKanpgeT[t. buEn cabtaMgBI Ex
kJa qaM 1985 mk Kw cabtaMgBIeBlEdl karksag kMEpg k5 :n
RbRBwtieTA
yagKRKwkKeRKg
sanPaB
d*lenH :ncuHRsutyagxaMgmkvij.
plitkmRBmTaMg RksYg saZarN;TaMgGs CYbRbTH nwgkarrGakrGYl eRJH

kmaMgplitkm dUcCa kmkr ksikr CaedIm :nRtUveKekN ykeTARBMRbTl
okabRBeQI sag sgpvzl elIkTMnb CIkRbLay swgEtKansl. rI

mRnIrdkar tamRksYg mnIrnana k*RtUveKekN ykeTAkardan k 5 dUcKaGIu
cwgEdr. enAcMeJHmux ehtukarNEbbenH RKYsarCnrgeRKaHecaTsYrza ehtudUc
emc :nCaeKbJnRbCaCn oeTAeZIVsRg<ameT[tehIy dUecH/ GkEdlkaneCIg

rbb ehg sMrwn eqIyza KWedIm|ITbTl nwgBYkExrRkhmmageT[t kMuoBYkenH
vilRtLbmk eZIV:bRbCaCnExreT[t. xHeT[tecaTsYr bnmkeT[tza cuHehtu
dUcemc :nCa BYk bul Bt kabsmabExr KagdUecH / GkEdlyldwg

bnicbncBIneya:y eqIyR:bvijza enHKWCasRg<ammYy d*ZM eRJHGkdwknaM
137
Exr TaMgsgxag RtUvRbeTsZM> EdlTasETgKa eKCMrujoExrvayExrKag
rhUt dlputBUC rltCatiEtmg buEn xagNa k*eKtaMgxneKza eKCaGkRtUv

CaGkykGasaExrEdr . enATIbMput esrIPaB k*Kan smPaB k*eZIVBMuekIt KW:n
RtwmenAslEt TwkEPk Ebk:kRJtR:sRKYsar ehIy Rk rham CagBIeBl

muneTAeT[t . enATIbMput edayKancaj KanQH edayman karvivtn enAkg
karRbECgkmaMgGnrCati nigenAkgtMbnExr EdlRharKaGscitGscg k*:n
RtYvrUvKavij ehIy EckcayGMNacbuNskiKa eZIVRbegIyTRmaMTTYlbJa RtUv
vayKasaCazIeT[t. GkEdl:nnaMRbeTsoZakeTAkg esaknadkm k*vil

mkvijEdr ehIybeg,It clacl bneTAeT[t . rI emer[n KWza RbCaCnExr
CaGkecjzxUcxatTaMgGs tRsakRsan eRJHEtkMhus rbs BYkGkdwknaM
TaMgLayenaH EdlBMuEdlRBmsarPaB kMhus karP&nRcLM rbsxn mgNa

eLIy.
enAz 31 Z qaM 1984 elak can sIu EdlCa naykrdmRnI n rbb
saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa TTYlmrNPaB enAkgmnIreBTTIRkugmUs< sh
PaB sUev[t . enAz 14 mkraqaM 1985 elak h)un Esn
:nRtUvEtgtaMgCa
naykrdmRnI CMnYs . elak h)un Esn :neLIg mkkanGMNac enAeBlmYy
EdlRbeTskmCa kMBugqgkatvibti d*ZMmYy. enAeBlenaH elak h)un Esn

EdlmantYnaTI Ca rdmRnIkarbreTs mankarraErkbnicEdr eRJH elakBMucg
e:Hbgecalkickar rbs elakenARksYgkarbreTseT . enATIbMput eKk*:n
suxcit RbKlParkic TaMgBIrenHeTAoelak EtmgeTA . enAeBlEdlrdsPa
RbkasEtgtaMgelak Ca naykrdmRnICapvkar elak h)un Esn :neLIgmk

kanevTIka ehIyEzgza elaksUmGrKuN cMeJHkarTukcitenH k* buEnelak k*
dwgEdrza eK:nRbKl mkoelak nYvParkicmYy d*manTmnZnmhima ehIy
EdlBMusuT EtnaMmk nUvP&BVvasna d*l sRmabelakenaHeLIy. 20 zeRkay

138
eBlEdlelak :nRtUvEtgtaMgCanaykdmRnI nrbbsaZarNrd RbCamanitu
3) bnabBIev[tNam nwg dkkgT&BeK mYycMnYn CaelIkdMbUg ecjBIRbeTs
(G.C.K.D.) :nebIkGg<RbCMumYy enAPMmal&y. enAz
RbRktIkm n TMnak TMng rvag RbeTsTaMgBIr - 4) enAeBlEdlev[tNam
kmCa KW enAz 3 kum; rdaPi:lExrmYy eT[tenAkgRB KW rdaPi:lcRmuH
kmCa RbCaZibety
11 kum;
rdaPi:lenH :ncUlrYm kgGg<RbCMumYy n bNaRbeTssmaCik
kmCa cin nwg suxcit eZIVkarcrca CamYy ev[tNam kgeKaledAQaneTArk

dkkgT&B rbseKecjGsBI kmCa RbeTskmCaRtUvedaHRsaybJaxn eday
smaKm Gas)an enATIRkug:gkk. buEn 2 zbnabmkeT[t enAkgRsuk enaH
xng KWeRCIserIs RbB&nRKbRKgsg<m edayxng nwgeRCIserIsrdaPi:l
kgT&Brbs bul Bt enAPM mal&y:n. enAedImEx mina qaM 1985 dEdlenaH
snaza nwgmincUleRC{tERCk kgkickarpkg rbs kmCaeT KWRtUveKarBk
vij kgT&Bev[tNam RbmaN 1 mWun 8 Jnnak :nvaylukykmUldan
mUldanT&B rbs rNsir rMedaHBlrdExr rbselak sWn san k* :n
ZakeTAkgkNabd kgT&Bev[tNam ehIybnabmkenAz 8 mina mUldanT&B

rbs semc neratm sIhnu enA taTMu k*RtUvrbUtEdr.
EdleKR:zacg:n - 5 RbeTscin nigRbeTsnanaeT[t enAkgtMbn RtUv

raC nigGBaRkwtPaB n RbeTsenH RBmTaMglknik;n bNaRbeTs mincUl
bkSsm&npgeT[t. TnwmenaH eKRtUveZIVyagNa er[bcMomankare:Heqateday

esrI eRkamkarRtYtBinit rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati . tamry; Epnkar
sniPaB rbs cinenH eKseg,teXIjza cinBMu:nniyayGMBI kardkkgT&B

ExrRkhmpgeT . dUcenH eBlEdlev[tNam dkkgT&BecjeTA bul Bt enA
dMeNIreqaHeTArk
karcrca sniPaB enAqaM 1985

Cambodge 1985 :
vers les ngociations de Paix
karRbyuTKa rvagkgT&Bev[tNam nig kgT&BExrRkhm RBmTaMg kg
T&B rbs RkumExrnana eT[tEdlRbqaMg nwg vtmankgT&Bev[tNam enAkmCa
Edl:n cabepImtaMgBIqaM 1979 mkCasRg<ammYy EdlKanRckecj TalEt

esaH eRJH tamkarBiteTA KWCasRg<am rvag RbeTsmhaGMNac . enAz 1
minaqaM 1983 RbeTscin :nesIoRbeTsev[tNamTTYlykEpnkarsniPaB
mYy Edlman eKalkarN 5 cMNuc ? 1) RbeTsev[tNam RtUvsnaza nwg

dk kgT&BrbseK ecjBIRbeTskmCa edaytdaklkxN- 2) shPaB
sUev[t RtUvQbKaMRT karQanJn rbs kgT&B ev[tNamenAelITwkdIExr 139
EtmanmuxenAkmCa dEdleT[t . edaysMGag eTAelIehtukarNenH TIRkugha
NUy k*:nRcan EpnkarsniPaB enaHecal . enAeBlenaH semc neratm
sIhnu :nesIodkGavuZecjBIRkumExrTaMg 4 edaydakkgT&B Gg<kar sh

RbCaCati
CakmaMgrkSasniPaB
ehIy
bJbsRg<ampkg
Etmg.
semc
neratm sIhnu k*:nesIsMuorabbJl Rkumelak ehg sMrwn CacMENkmYy
n GnaKtRbeTs kmCapgEdr. sUmktsMKalza kalBIExmkra qaM 1985
eRkayGg<RbCMumYy n rdmRnIkarbreTs n RbeTsTaMg3 n Ncin elak

h)un Esn :nEzgzaelak eRt[mlkN;CaeRsc edIm|ICYb semc neratm
sIhnu nigelak sWn san enAkgkrNI EdlGkneya:yExr TaMgBIrrUb sux
cite:Hbg ExrRkhmecal.
enAz 12 mina qaM 1985 dEdlenaH KW 3 Ex bnabBI:nRtUvEtgtaMg
CanaykrdmRnI elak h)un Esn :nesIEpnkarsniPaBmYy EdlmanTaMgGs

140
6 x KW ?1) rMsaykgT&BExrRkhmecalTaMgGs-2) luHkgT&BExrRkhm :n

RtUvrMsayecalGsehIy ev[tNam nwgdkkgT&BeK ecjBIRbeTskmCa -
3) karcattaMg kare:Heqat Edlman karRtYtBinit -4) snishviCman rvag
kmCaRbCaZibetyu
(G.C.K.D.) KaMRTedayRbeTscin nig bNaRbeTs n
smaKm RbCaCati GasIuGaeKy nig bsimelak.
RbeTsGasIuGaeKy nana Edlman RbB&nsg<m nig neya:yxusKa -5)
bJb ralkareRC[tERCk BIRbeTsnana EdlminsitenAkgtMbnGasIuGaeKy

-6) beg,ItomankarZanaGnrCati nig karRtYtBinitkicRBmeRB[gnana . mYy
s:hbnabmk Kw enAz 2 emsa rbb saZarNrdRbCamanitu kmCa :n

beg,It kmviZImYy sRmab TTYlyk GkEdle:Hbgecal CYrrdaPi:lcRmuH
(G.C.K.D.).
enAkgeBlCamYyKaenaH
ev[tNam
:nRbkas
dkkgT&B
rbseK mYyPaKeT[t cMnYnRbmaN 1 mWun 5 Jnnak ecjBIkmCaCaelIkTI

4. mtiGnrCati BMueC]za ev[tNam dkkgT&BrbseKeT. tamkarBit Rbtibti
karswk
nkgT&B
ev[tNam
mkTlExemsa qaM 1985
Edl:ncabepImBIz
18
vicikaqaM
1984
:nkMeTc kgT&BrdaPi:lcRmuH kmCaRbCaZib
ety CaBiess kgT&BExrRkhm yagdMNMeTAehIy. enAz 23 emsa qaM

1985enaH semc neratm sIhnu
:nsMulaElg BIParkicRbZanrdaPi:l
cRmuH buEn 2 z eRkaymk RBHGg< :nsMudkJklaElg enaHvij .
sUmrM"keLIgvijza RkumExrTaMg 4 man CaGaT ? 1) RkumExrRkhm dwknaM
eday bul Bt 2) RkumraCaniymhVnsinebc
(F.U.N.C.I.N. P.E.C.) dwknaM
edayRBHGg<mas neratm rNTi raCbuRt rbssemc neratm sIhnu - 3)

Rkum GkRbCaZibety n rNsirCati rMedaHBlrd Exr dwknaMedayelak
sWn san
nig 4) Rkumelak h)un Esn naykrdmRnI n rbb saZarNrd
RbCamanitukmCa eJlKW rbb ehg sMrwn KaMRTedayev[tNam nig shPaB

sUev[t. RkumTI 1 TI 2 nigTI 3 rYmKa CardaPi:lcRmuHmYy KW rdaPi:l cRmuH
141
142
CMBUk 9
Xab
Ltau
rUbPaBmYyeT[t n sRg<am
La guerre par dautres moyens
RbeTskmCa sitenARtg cMNucPUmisaRs neya:ymYy d*ekA . kalBI
sm&ysRg<am rvagev[tNam nig shrd Gaemrik RsukExrRtUvTbTl nwg
bNa RbeTsGas)an EdlCa sm&nmit rbs shrd Gaemrik ehIyRtUv
RBQm mux nwg RbeTsev[tNamkumynis EdlCasm&nmit rbs cin nig

shPaB sUev[t. enAsm&y saZarNrdExr RbeTskmCaRtUvTbTl nwgkar
vayRbhar BIsMNakBYkyYnkumynis EdlmanCMnYy BIRbeTscinRbCamanitu.
kalenaH eKaledA rYm n RbeTsTaMgBIrenH KWw bM:t vtman bsimRbeTs

oGsBI tMbn. eBl bul Bt eLIgmkkanGMNac enAqaM 1975 cin RbCa
manitu manCMhr PUmisaRs neya:ymYy enANcin Caehtu eZVIoev[tNam
minsuxcit nig mankar:rm yagxaMg xacTIRkugebkaMg CmrujoExrRkhm vay

RbeTsev[tNam. enAcMeJHmuxsanPaBenH TIRkughaNUy :nehAoshPaB
sUev[t mkCYyvayrMlM rbb bul Bt. enA z 7 mkraqaM 1979 kgT&ByYn
kumynis :nvayluk RbeTs kmCa ehIy vayrMlM rbbExeRkhmdwknaM
eday bul Bt . TaMgvtman rbs cin TaMgvtman rbs ev[tNam enAkmCa
:nRtUvshKmn GnrCaticat Tukza Cakar :ttulPaB PUmisaRsneya:y
enAkgtMbn . bNaRbeTsGas)an mankar :rmyagxaMg xacev[tNam nig

143
144
sUev[t cUlmkdlRbeTs rbs BYkeKEdl minRbkanmenaKmviCa kumynis .
sanPaB RbeTskmCanaqaM 1989 Ca sanPaBTalRck cMeJH clna
manRbeTsxH n smaKm RbCaCatiGasIu GaeKy ehAGas)an EbrCa ylza
ts)UrMedaHRbeTs oecjputBIrbb EdlTIRkughaNUy :nbnb Gsry;eBl
eKRtUvEtKaMRTcin
dwknaMedaysemc
cin
k*CakarKMramkMEhg
nig
cMeJH
shrd
RbeTs
eK
Gaemrik
Edr.
EdlnaMKaBRgwg
eTaHCayagenHkI
kmaMgExrRkhm
dwknaMeday bul Bt eLIgvij edIm|I edjkgT&Bev[tNam ecjBIRsukExr .

enAcugTsvtSr
lMrlay:teTA.
CamYy cinvij.
1980
shPaB
TIRkugmus<
sUev[t
RtUvbgMcit
Edlman
vibtiyagZM
brneya:yeRkARbeTs
KW
k*
Cana
edIm|IbJbsRg<amenH cin nig yYn k*QbRbyuT ehIyGg<kar
shRbCaCati :nseRmceZVIGnraKmn enAkmCa enAqaM 1992 .
10 qaM mkehIy. mYyvijeT[t rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCaRbCaZibety (G.C.K.D.)

neratm
sIhnu
KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t
eRkABIeZIVkarcrcaeLIy
eTaHbIRkumExrRkhm cgbnkarRbyuT pveyaZaeT[tkI . karBit cMeJH RkumGk
ts)U Kwkarcrca enAkgsanPaB EbbenHEtm EdlBYkeKswgEtminGacTTYlyk
:n . enAeBlenaH rbbehg sMrwn kab 90 PaKry n TwkdI ehIyExrRkhm
k*RtUv shKmnGnrCati ez,aleTasBI bTRbl&yBYCsangeT[tpg. smas
tamry; kic
PaBepSg> eT[tmanRck EtmYybueNaH edIm|IbJbsRg<am KW karcrca CamYy
ecjBIsRg<am . edaysar GnraKmn GnrCatienH RbeTskmCa :neXIjBnW
KW rbb ExrRkhm eTAvijeT EdlKUPaI TaMgsgxag RtUvkMcatecj BIqakneya
kardkkgT&Becj BIRsukExreLIy. tamkarBit sRg<ameyaZa RtUvbJbEmn
dkkgT&B ecjBIkmCa KWenAslEt rbb ehg sMrwn bueNaH EdlRKbRKgTwk
RBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs naz 23 tulaqaM 1991 RbeTskmCa :nrMedaHxn
sniPaBvij. RbeTsv[(tNamEdl:tbEgkmYyd*ZM k*KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABI
buEn sRg<ammYyeT[t :ncabepIm tamrUbPaBepSg KW karRbyuTneya:ymYy

RbkbedayBisBul rvag GkdwknaMExr EdlmancinCabEgk nig Gk dwknaMExr
Edlman yYnCaGkkanExSjak.
rbb ehg sMrwn eTaHCaeKRtUveZIVsm|TansMxan> k*edaykI. seRmcsRmYceTA
:yExr. buEn edayshPaB sUev[tRtUvrlMrlay ehIy edayev[tNam RtUv

dI. tamkarBit mun nwg kkgT&B ecjev[tNam nig shPaB sUrv[t :nRgwg
rd:l n bb ehg sMrwn TukrYcCaeRsc edIm|IykeRb[beTAelI PaKIepSg>
eT[t . GkviPaKxHylza ev[tNam dkkgT&B Emn Etvilmk CasIuvilvij
dEdlCadEdl . ev[tNam mine:HbgTwkdIkmCaecal edayRsYleBk dUecH

enaHeT eRJHxaccin cUlmkkmCa ehIy vayyk TwkdI ev[tNameT[t enAeBl
karbeg,It
GnaKt. buEn enAcMeJHmux edaysUev[t rlMrlayeTAehIy eKRtUv dkzy
GaC\aZr beNaHGasn
CayuTsaRs sin TRmaMrkbEgkzI :neT[t . dUecHeXIjca clna ts)UExr
rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati
enA RbeTs kmCa (GaRbUnuc)

( LA.P.R.O.N.U.C.)
145
Bi:kykeRb[beTAelI rbb ehg sMrwn Nas ebIKankgT&B ExrRkhm EdlCa

kmaMgRbyuT BitR:kd rbs cineTenaH . mYyvijeT[t shrd Gaemrik k*Kan
RbeyaCn GIV nwgCYyclna ts)Uo :nrBjdeBjeCIgEdr KWRbKlParkicenH

eTAocinEtmg. xagrbb ehg sMrwn eNaH ebIkMuEtev[tNam EbreTArkcinsin
146
bnab BIsUev[tbrneya:y eKswgmin:c eZIVkarcrcapg . buEnGVI EdleK
dleTABIrrUb
ksagRbeTs nig kmaMgeK eLIgvijsin. eBlEdlshPaB rlMrlayeTA
man karcUlrYmcMENk BIsMNak GkRbCaZibety EtbueNaH ehIy bnabmk
RtUvkar KWkarTTYls<al BIGnrCati edIm|I TTYlykCMnYy nig vinieyaK sRmab
ev[tNam manEtcinbueNaH CabEgk edIm|IksagRbeTs RkaysRg<am . eday

ehtuRbeTsev[tNam enAEtkSarbbkumynisdEdl shrd Gaemrik minGac
TTYls<al rbbenH eBjmux:neLIy. seRmcsRmYceTA RbeTskmCa sit

enAeRkamTiBl rbbkumynis enHdEdl ebIniyayocM BMuGaceKcputBI
vb|Zm( packarniym bkSBYkniym vin&y d*twgEtgkgCivitrsenA nig eKal

karNRKYsarniym EdlTaMgenHsuTEtCa mUldan nemaTnPaB rbs GkdwknaM
neya:y nbNaRbeTsGasIu :neLIy. bNaRbeTsTaMgenH Edlminpl
tmeTAobuK<l mankarBi:keRcIn kgkareKarB eKalkarN RbCaZibety nig
kgeBlCamYyKakI
cMeJHRbeTscin
k*dUcCa
cMeJHRbeTs
ev[tNam kare:HeqatenH RKanEtsRmabzwnEPk saZarNmti nig sRmabo

eK manmeZa:y RKbEbbyag edIm|IbJlGk TaMgenHmkkgsm&n rbseK.
eTaHCayagenHkI RbeTsev[tNam minEmnCaRbeTs EdlGacrkSasm&nPaBenH

:neT eRJH RbeTsev[tNamxac RbeTscin vatTIykTwkdI rbseK ehIy
enA kgn&yenH rgcaMEt Okasl edIm|IrkbEgkNamYy EdlKaneRKaHzak dUc
EdleK Zab:neZIVkngmk CamYyshPaB sUev[tdUecHEdr. bsimRbeTs k*rg
caMEt OkasenHEdr . munnwgQaneTA dldMNakkarenaH x\MsUmniyayer[brab
GMBI sanPaB n RbeTs kmCaenAqaM 1990 CahUrEh dUcteTA ?
edIm|IQan eTAdl karer[bcM e:Heqat edayesrI o:nqabrh&s
sTimnusS. GkviPaKCaeRcIn yleXIj zamgenH RbeTskmCa Bi:k nwg
RbeTs mhaGMNacTaMg 5 n RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati :n
BRgwgcMNgmitPaB CamYy ev[tNam o:nsitrmYt edIm|IkMuoev[tNam yk
1 enA z 15-16 mkra; TI 2 enAz 11-12 kum; enATIRkugjIvyk; TI 3 enA
rMedaHxn ecjBIRbeTskmynis TaMgBIeenHNas eRJHenAeBlenaH cin xitxM
bsimRbeTseZIVCabEgkpg ehIy CaBiess edIm|IeRt[mlkN;kMcatralkmaMg
rYmRbCMuKa yagmmajwk . RKanEtenAqaM 1990 eK :nebIkGg<RbCMu 7 dg ? TI
z 12-13 mina enATIRkug:rIs; TI 4 enAz 25-26 sPaenA TIRkugjIvyk;
EdlmankarKaMRT GacmankarKaMRT BI bsimRbeTspg eRJH RbeTscin man
TI 5 enAz 16-17 kk,da enATIRkug:rIs TI6 enAz 27-28 sIha enATIRkug
edIm|ITukmuxmat
RkumRbwkSa snisux naz 15-16 mkra rdaPi:lcRmuH kmCaRbCaZibety
mhictamYyd*ZM KW RKbRKgTVIb GasIuTaMgmUl enAGnaKtkal. eTaHCayagenHkI

rbsxnxH
bsimRbeTs
KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t
eRkABIRbKl
jIvyk; TI 7 enAz 25-26 vicika . enAz 3 kum; eRkayGg<RbCMuelIkTI 1 n
Parkico RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati eZIVGnraKmn edIm|er[bcM
(G.C.K.D.) :nbreQaHmkCa rdaPi:lCati n RbeTskmCa dUecHvij .
sRmabsRmYl oRbeTskmCa Gacman lTPaB dkxnecjBI TiBl n
eRkayGg<RbCMu naz11-12 kum; manGg<RbCMueRkApvkarmYy enATIRkug yakarta
omankare:Heqat edayesrIeLIy. mageT[t enHk*CaRckmYy d* sMxanEdr

RbeTskumynisTaMgBIr enAkgtMbn enAzNamYy. buEn kare:Heqat naqaM
1993 :nbJakza eTaHbI KNbkSraCaniym QH k*eday k* rbb ehg sMrwn
EdlCasm&nPaB
rbskumynis
minsuxcitEdr
147
eTaHbIRtUvman
naykrdmRnI
enAeBlenaH TgCati rbsExrRkhm :nRtUvCMnYseday TgCati munqaM 1970.

RbeTsNeNsIu edIm|IBiPakSa GMBIreb[bEbbbTeZIVGnraKmn sIuvil nigeyZa
rbsGg<kar shRbCaCati eJlKWGg<kar GaRbUnuc (APRONUC) Edlmann&y
za GaC\aZr beNaHGasn n Gg<kar shRbCaCati enARbeTskmCa .
148
bnab BIGg<RbCMuRkumRbwkSa snisux naz 12-13 mina RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMg
RtUveKcabxn. xHeT[t :nRtUveKbgMocUlnivtn Etmg. tamkarBit KW Cakar
Cati Can xs buEnsmasPaB n RkumRbwkSaCati sRmab RKbRKgRbeTskmCa
niyay:nza eRkayeBlenaHbnic elak h)un Esn nigRkum rbs elak :n
5 :n esIoGasn;Exr enAGg<kar shRbCaCati RtUvRbKleTAo RkumRbwkSa

RtUvkMNt edayPaKIExrTaMgbYn .
TTYleCaKC&ymYy d*ZM kgkardeNImGMNacenH eRJHkmaMgts)U BIqaM 1979
mkTlqaM 1990 :nQanmkdl TIGvsan rbseK :teTAehIy edaykar

pasbr sankarN ebIniyayocM karpasbryuTsaRsrbs clna kumy
dMNakkalzI rbs
nis enAkgBiPBelak nig enAkgtMbn GasIuGaeKy . elak h)un Esn Edl
bkS RbCaCnbdivt kmCa
mankarKaMRTyageBjTMhwg BIclnakumynistMbn man ParkicmYyd*sMxan enA
eBlenaH KWRtUvdeNImyktYnaTI BIGkRbCaZibetyesrIniymBitR:kdo:n.
enA qaM 1990
La nouvelle phase du Parti

populaire rvolutionnaire du Kampucha
RBwtikarN EdlekItmaneLIg enAqaM 1990 man lkN;RcbUkRcbl
KYroktsMKal. enAeBlEdlRkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCatier[bcM

GnraKmn neya:y nig eyaZa enAkmCa yagmmajwk bkS RbCaCn bdi
vtikmCa mankareRbHqamYyd*ZM . elak h)un Esn EdlenAeBlenaH kMBug
brriyabz BI Cnkmynis mkCaGkesrIniym edIm|IsRmbxn eTAtamdMeNIr
BiPBelak :ndeNImykcg,tdwknaMbkS RbCaCnbdivtkmCa (P.P.R.K.) Et
mg CaehtueZIVoGkts)Ukumynis nanaeT[t eZIVkarKabsg,t yagxaMg eTAelI
elak h)un Esn enAkg kariyal&yneya:y . eyageTAtam ksarmYy
rbs elak raG)Ul eyNa
EbgEck GMNacKa min:nc|aslasEtbueNaH . eTaHCayagNakI eKGac
(Raoul Jennar) Edlman cMNg eCIgza kUnsa
n RbeTskmCa (Les cls du Cambodge)
casecal ehIyrNsirTI 2 KW kMeTcclnaRbCaZibetyesrIniym Edlman
Rbvtits)U taMgBIqaM 1946 mk. cMeJHclnaenH Edlman elak sWn san

CaGktMNagenAeBlcrca eKseg,t eXIjmankareRbHqamYyd*ZMrvagelak sWn
san EdlCaGkRbCaZibety buEnEdlKaMRTomanvtman semc neratm sIh

nu enAkgqak neya:yExr nig elak saks)ut saxn EdlCaGtItGK<Jakar
esnaZikardan kgT&B tmesnIy ln nl .
Gaemrik yk b)Us
25
bnab BIelak RbZanaZibtI
:nRbkas brneya:y rbs shrd Gaemrik cMeJH
RbeTskmCa . enAz 24 sPaqaM 1990 tmesnIysaks)ut saxn :n

beg,ItKNbkSneya:ymYy maneQaHzaKNbkS RbCaZibetyesrIniym.
rI elak sWn san vij elaksuxcit rkSakaresaHRtg cMeJHsemcneratm

sIhnu EdlCaGkbeg,It clnaraCaniym hV)nsIunebc .
sSrCn R:MmYyrUb EdlCit
siT nwg elak h)un Esn ehIyEdl:nRtUvecaTRbkanza kMBuger[bcMbeg,It
KNbkS neya:yzImYy sRmabCMnYsKNbkS RbCaCnbdivtkmCa :n

149
niyaymYyEbbeT[t KWRtUvvayrNsirBIr ? rNsirTI 1 KW brrcnasm&n bkS
25
Buk elakRbZanaZibtI dabb)ilyU b)Us ( George W. Bush)
150
cMeJH Gg<kar shRbCaCati eKaledA manEtmYy bueNaH KWer[bcM kar
e:HeqatedayesrI enARbeTskmCa edIm|IQanCaCMhan> eqaHeTArk lTiRbCa
Zibety. rI clnakumynis enAkgtMbn vij KW eZIVyagNa ERbkay elak

h)un Esn oeTACaGkdwknaMExemak d*cMbg enAkgbribTneya:yzI eJl KW
eRkayeBlkare:Heqat. niyaymYyEbbeT[t KWCayuTsaRs sRmab TbTl
nWg Gkneya:yEdl manTMenar eTArkbsimRbeTs. bJacMeJHmux KWeZVIyag

Na osemc neratm sIhnu cUlrYmcMENk saCazIeT[t EtbueNaH. rI bJa
mYyeT[t KWeZIVyagNa oKNbkSraCaniym hV)nsIunebc dwknaMeday RBHGg<
mas neratm rN#T sitenAkgrgVgclna kumyniszIo:n eTaHbI kSRtGg<
enH EdlCaRBHraCbuRt rbs semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUvTIRkugvasIugetan

sgwmeRcInyagNakI . dUcenHEpnkar Parkic rbselak h)un Esn enAeBl
enaH manTMhMZMRkElg eRJHrNsirrbselak eJalKW bkSRbECg :nQan

BI BIrdl bI enAqaM 1993 eJlKW KNbkSraCaniym h)VnsIunebc dwknaM
edayRBHGg<mas rNTi mYyEzmeT[t . buEnenATIbMput RkwtRkm PUmisaRs_
neya:y enAEtCa ktasMxandEdl. x\MnwgelIkbJaenH eTAviPaKEzmeT[tenA
cMBUkeRkay ehIy sUmvilmkniyay GMBI sPaBkarN enAqaM 1990 bnmk
eT[t. enAz 29 sPa semcneratm sIhnu :nyagmkkantYnaTI CaRbZan

rdaPi:lCati n RbeTskmCa vij bnabBI :nsMuQb mYyry;kal BIz
7 sPa. enAz 4 mizunaqaM 1990 dEdl RBHGg<:nyageTACYbelak h)un
Esn enATIRkugtUkRbeTsCbun edIm|IBiPakSaGMBIkarbeg,ItRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs.
GPiRkm sniPaB
enA RbeTs kmCa

enAqaM 1990
La mise en place du processus de paix

au Cambodge
enAz12 kum; qaM 1990 RkumRbwkSasnisux :nseRmcbeg,ItkmaMg kg
T&B sRmabeZIVGnraKmn* enAkmCa . enAkgGg<RbCMu naz 13-14kum; enATIRkug

jIvyk RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMg 5 :nQan
mkdl kicRBmeRB[gmYy Edl
manTaMgGs 4 cMNuc ? 1) karkMNtEbbbT sRmabBinitza etIRbeTsev[t
Nam :ndkkgT&B rbseK ecj BIkmCa Emn k*yagNa/ - 2) karcaM:c
oQbmankar:jKa_ 3) karcaM:c bBabralCMnYyeyaZa BIsMNakRbeTs
CabBakB&n eTAoRkumExrnImYy> _ 4) karpMkgT&B n RkumExrnImYy> enAtam
kEngepSg>. enAz 21 kum; semc neratm sIhnu nig elak h)un Esn :n
mkCYbKaenATIRkug:gkk edIm|IBiPakSa ylRBmKa GMBI kardakkmaMgkgT&B Gg<
kar shRbCaCati enAkmCaeTAtamkRmitmYy o:nsmRsb. GkdwknaM bdibk
TaMgBIr k*:nBiPakSa KapgEdr GMBI karbeg,It Gg<kar kMBUlmYy sRmabtMNag
GZibety nigkPaBCati n RbeTskmCa . BIrz bnabmk semc neratm

sIhnu RTg:nR:bodwgza RBHGg< nwgRTgyageTAKg CasaBr enAkg PUmi
esrIPaB
KW
tMbnrMedaHmYy
EdlkankabedaykgT&B
rbsRBHGg<.
enAz
26_27 nig 28 Exkum; dEdlenaH RbeTsNeNsIu :nebIkGg<RbCMu Gnr
CatimYy eRkamkardwknaM rbs GktMNag snisITTIRkug:rIs . eRkABIGk

tMNag xag rdaPi:lCatikmCa nig xag rdkmCa GktMNagRbeTs n
smaKm RbCaCati GasIuGaeKy cMnYn 6 enAeBlenaH RBmTaMgRbeTs 4 eT[t

151
152
KW RbeTs:raMg RbeTslav RbeTsev[tNam nigRbeTsGURsalI k* :ncUl
GtiprNa ekInkgmYyqaM> enAkgkRmit 200 PaKry. ebIniyayCasrubeTA KW
kgGg<RbCMuenaH PaKIExrTaMgsgxag enAEtrkSaTItaMgrbseK BIeBlmun er[g>xn
tMbnb
rYmEdr . rI kmvt nGg<RbCMu KW EpnkarsniPaB rbs RbeTsGURsalI . enA

dEdl . enA z 12_13 mina GktMNag RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMg 5 n Rkum
RbwkSasnisux :nebIkGg<RbCMumYyenATIRkug:rIs edIm|IRsuHRsYlKa GMBIkarer[b

cMkare:Heqat enAkmCa . enAz 30 Ex mina dEdlenaH Gg<kar shRbCaCati
:nbJn ebskCn beckeTs rbseK mkRbeTskmCa mgeT[t edIm|IBinit
emIlTidPaB n rd:lsRmabRbtibtikar Cayzaehtu rbs Gg<kar shRbCa
Cati enAkgRbeTskmCa. swgEteBjmYyEx KW BIz 8 dlz 25 emsa kar

RbyuTKa EpkeyaZa rvag PaKIExr manlkN; xaMgka xusZmta .
enAeBlEdl Gg<kar shRbCaCati kMBuger[bcM dak GPiRkmsniPaB
GnCag
sanPaBesdkic
lin
rbsBYkExrRkhmeTAeT[t.
Edlsm|reTAedayt|g
BYkExrRkhm
sMrwn kanEtcuHRTuDeRTameTA> CalMdab .
rdkmCa
5 lan dular Edr . xag rbb ehg sMrwn R:kcMNUl:nmkBI karnaMecj

kgmYyqaM> KW Rtwm 50 landularbueNaH enAkgenaH R:kbMNul sitenAkg
kRmit 40 PaK ry. buEn karepaHbredayesrI minEmn naMmkEtkta GviCman

bueNaHeT. Tnwm nwgsanPaBenH eKk* seg,teXIjpgEdrza shRKas plit
km kCn :nekIncMnYn ehIytamry;enaH RbeTskmCak*cabepIm rIkceRmIn
eTAtamenaH Edr .
KW rbbehg
enAqaM 1990 ehIy CaBiess enAqaMbnab edayshPaB sUev{t
kat bnybIPaKbYn n CMnYyeTAo rbb ehg sMrwn sanPaB esdkic n
RbeTskmCacuHRsutyagxaMg. eKRtUvTijplitplnaMcUl eTAtamkarkMNt z
pSaresrI. rI plitplnaMecj dUcCa ekAs)U nig eQI CaedIm k* cuHzy Edr .

bkrN sRmab brpasmasIun karxVHxat CIrsRmabeZIVERs karxVH eRbgnn;
swgEt eZIVodMeNIrkar ksikm nig sSahkmraMgsH. enAtamCnbT RbCaCn
xVHsBVxVH RKb kgkarRbkbGaCIvkm rbseK .
CakarBit ehIyEdlzaenAqaM
1989 rbb ehg sMrwn man plitplRsUv Gg,r RKbRKan sRmabciJwm RbCa
Cn KW 2 lan 5 Esnetan. Tnwm nwg karkat bnyCMnYy BIsMNakshPaB

sUev[t zvikaCati k*manOnPaBEdr KWcuH 35 PaKry enAqaM 1991 CaehtueZIVo
153
manR:krkSaTukdleTA
100 lan dular ehIybEnmBIenaH eKrkR:k:n kgmYyEx>yagticNas k*
enA kmCa ehIyenAeBlEdlRkumExr TaMgsgxag RbyuTKa pacRB&Rt edIm|I

ykeRb{b eZIVkarcrca sanPaBesdkic nRkumExr xag
edaysareKkankab
154
krNIEdlkarpl eyablenaHRsbeTAnwgTisedA nkaredaHRsayrYm. cMNuc
Epnkar Rkbx&N n kicRBmeRB{grYm
sMxanmYyeT[t nRkbx&N n kicRBmeRB{g KWRtUver[bcMyagNa beg,ItnUv
n KUPaKIExr rbs KNGciRny
lkN;neya:y GBaRkwtmYy o:nsRmabkare:Heqat . dUcenH Gg<kar

nana
n RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<karshRbCaCati
RksYgkarBarCati
RbCMuelIkTI 6 RbeTsmhaGMNac TaMg 5 :nbeg,ItEpnkarmYy KW Rkbx&N
nkicRBmeRB{g neya:yrYmmYy nGZikrNExr . EpnkarenH EdlEbkecj

Ca 5 cMBUk elIkeLIg GMBIbJasMxan>caM:c sRmabQan o:ndldMeNaH
1) karRsuHRsYlKamYy enAkgrykalqgkat sI BI rd
:l nRbeTskmCa enAeBlmunkare:Heqat. 2) karRsuHRsYlKaEpkeyaZa
enAkgrykalqgkat . 3) kare:Heqat eRkamkarbtm rbs Gg<kar sh
RbCaCati . 4) karkarBarsTimnusS . 5) karZanaGnrCati . cMNucsMxan
CageK EdlmanEcg enACMBUkTI 1 KWkarplGMNacCabeNaHGasn rbs Rkum

RbwkSaCat iCanxs eTAo GaC\aZr beNaHGasn n Gg<kar shRbCaCati
EdleKehAza
GaRbUnuc
(A.P.R.O.N.U.C.)
enAkgEpnkarRkbx&N
karRsuH RsYlKaenaH EdlmanTaMgGs 36 maRta eKseg,teXIjmancMNuc
mYyEdr KWzaRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs RtUvpleyabl rbsxn eTAo GaRbUnuc

ehIy GaRbUnuc
nwgsRmbtam enAkgkrNI EdlmankarylRBmBI Rkum
RbwkSa Cati TaMgmUl eJl KWsmaCik TaMg 4 n RkumRbwkSaCati ehIy enAkg

26
dMeNIrkare:HeqatRtUv
sitenAeRkam
hirBavt
snisux
saZarN;
nig
RksYgBt(man
eTs
RtUv
sitenAeRkamGaC\aZr Gg<kar shRbCaCati CakMhit . dUecHeXIjza ebIeyag
naGg<RbCMuz 27_28 sIha qaM 1990 enATIRkugjIvyk eBalKW Gg<
26
eTAelI
GMNacrbsGg<kar shRbCaCatiTaMgGs . enAkgn&yenH RksYgkarbr
Le Plan cadre des Accords politiques

globaux conu par les 5 Permanents
du Conseil de scurit de lO.N.U.
Rsay neya:y ?
EdlGaceZIVkarKabsg,t
eTAtamEpnkarenH rbb rdkmCa eBalKW rbb ehg sMrwnBMuGaceZIVGVI :neT
ehIy :tbgnUvTItaMgedIm nigkarTamTar rbseKswgEtTaMgGs . EpnkarRkb
x&NenH TTYls<al Capvkar nUvrbb neya:yrbs ExrRkhm eTaHbIeKman

smaCikEtBIrrUb enAkgRkumRbwkSaCatikI RkumRbwkSaCati Edlman smaCikTaMg
Gs 12 rUb. TnwmenaH rbb ehg sMrwn RtUv:tsiTi RKbRKgTwkdI RbmaN

90 PaKry nig RbCaCn pgeT[t. rbb ehg sMrwn enAeBlenaH Kanels
GIVeT[t eRkABIykBak GZibety mksMGageT eTaHbIkarkekIteLIg n rbb
rbseK :ncabepImBIkar:tGZibetyenHkI ehIydUcenH BMuGacykeTAeRb{b

eZ[b nwg krNI n RbeTs NamIb)I :neLIy .
CMBUkTI 2 n EpnkarRkbx&N TakTg nwgkarRsuHRsYlKa EpkeyaZa.
eyageTAtamEpnkarenaH
Gg<kar
Gg<kar
GaRbUnuc GaCa\Zr
shRbCaCatienAkmCa manebskkmmYycMnYn
beNaHGasn
dUcteTA ?
1) RtYt
BinitkarQb:jKa _2 ) BinitkardkkgT&Bev[tNam nigbBab ralCMnYy

eyaZa mkBIxageRkA _ 3) karravrk nig kardkhUt kEnglakGavuZ epSg>
rbsKUPaKIExrnImYy> ehIyTnwmenaH bgathVwkhVWnCnCatiExroecHdk mIn.
ebskkm d*Bi:kmYyeT[t KWkardkhUt GavuZ BIkgT&Brbs PaKIExrnImYy>.
Autorit Provisoire de lO.N.U. au Cambodge

155
156
enH CakargarmYy d*sKsaj . cMeBaHrbb ehg sMrwn KankarBi:keT buEn
cMeBaHkmaMgts)U CaBiesscMeBaH BYkExrRkhm bBaaecaTeLIg swgEt edaHmin
rYc eRBaHza BYkenH bg,bkmaMg rbs eK enAswgEtRKb TIkEng KW RbmaN 2
PaK 3 n TwkdIExr CaBiessenAkgRB dUcCa RB PMRkvaj CaedIm. dUcenH

karRbmUl kgT&B ExrRkhmTaMgGs ykmkdak mYykEng CakarmYy EdlBMu
GaceZIVeTA:neT. rbb ehg sMrwn :nyksPaBkarNenH eZIVCaels Etmg

eday
GHGagza
ExrRkhm
manlTPaBRKbRKan
edIm|IdeNImykGMNac.
CMBUkTI 3 n EpnkarRkbx&N elIkeLIg GMBIkare:Heqat eRkamkarbtm rbs
Gg<kar shRbCaCati . cMNucsMxan EdleKGacdk ecjBIcMNucTI 3 enH
KWza
GnaKtrdZmnuJ
nRbeTskmCa
RtUvEpkeTAelI
lTpl
kar
e:Heqat KWminEmn eTAelI karcrca rvag KUPaKIExreT . enAcMeJHmux Epnkar

Rkbx&NenH rbb ehg sMrwn xitxMeZIVyagNa edIm|IGac manvtman rbseK
bneTAeT[tenA kgkare:HeqatesrIenH EtbueNaH .
TItaMg rbs KUPaKIExrTaMg 4

enAcMeJHmux Epnkar Rkbx&N
rbs RkumRbwkSa snisux
Gg<kar shRbCaCati
Les quatre factions rivales cambodgiennes

Face au Plan cadre des Accords propos
par les cinq Grands du Conseil de Scurit
de lO.N.U.
eRkABIkartRmUv odkhUtGavuZBI KUPaKIExr epSg> nig karbJbral
CMnYyeyaZa mkBIxageRkA CMBUkTI 3 nEpnkarkMNt EbbbTTUeTA n kar

e:Heqat RbCaZibety edayman karTMnukbRmug BIGg<kar
shRbCaCati.
cMNucEdlBi:kbMput KW karkMNt critlkN; GMBI sJati n BlrdExr

eRJHRtUveZIVyagNa
kMuoCnCatiev[tNamEdlsitenAelITwkdIExr
GaccUlrYm
kgkare:Heqat. bJa sMxanbMput enAkgsartIn EpnkarenaH KW karbeg,It

sPaZmnuJ
edIm|ItakEtg
rdZmnuJmYy
EdlQreenAelIlTpl
kar
e:Heqat CaesrI nig CaTUeTA KW minEmnQrenAelI karcrcaNamYy rvag KUPa
KIExrenaHeT . eKalkarNenH :neZIVoPaKI Exr n
rdkmCa
eJl KW rbb
ehg sMrwn man karRBYy:rmyagxaMg dUcPaKIExr RkhmEdlman cinKaMRT

dUecHEdr. buEn PaKIcugeRkayenH Edl:nRtUvrbb ehg sMrwn ez,aleTas BI
bTRbl&yBUCsasn BMu :nRtUv EpnkarRkbx&NenaH bJako:nc|as GMBI

bJaenHeT CaehtueZIVorbb ehg sMrwn minylRsb eRJHeKcg orbbenH
:tGtiPaB rbseK Etmg CaBiess GkdwknaM ZM> n rbbenH. enAkgCMBUk

157
158
sI BI siTimnusS EpnkarRkbx&N RKanEtEcg dUecHza RtUvcatviZankarcaM
RsYlKa RtgcMNucenH eKGacniyay:nza rbb bul Bt :neZIVsm|Tan
Epn Edlman enAGtItkal vilmkvij :nbueNaH .
sMuo RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs manGMNac EtgtaMg smaCik TI 13 karcrca k*
:c sRmabZana kareKarB siTimnusS min oneya:y nig reb[brbb Ebb
cMNucsMxanmYyeT[t
Edl manEcg enACMBUk cugeRkaybgs KW kartRmUvoRbeTskmCazI rkSa nig
karJro:n nUv kraC GZibety nig bUN(PaBEdndI nUv kPaBCati nig
GBaRkwtPaB Canicnirn rbsxn . cMNucTaMgLayenH caM:cRtUv manEcgenA

kgrdZmnuJ rbs RbeTskmCa . enAkgn&yenH RbeTsTaMgLay Edl:n
cUlrYm kgsnisIT GnrCati TIRkug:rIs RtUvcuHhtelxaeTAelI kicRBmeRB{g

mYy edIm|I TTYls<al eKalkarN TaMgLayenH . tamry;maRtamYykg
cMeNammaRta eT[t> sIBI GBaRkwtPaB RbeTskmCa RtUvlubecal TaMg

Gs nUv snisJa nig kicRBmeRB{g TaMgLay EdlbHJl dl eKal
karNenH .
mYyd*ZM . buEnedaysemc neratm sIhnu :nesIeLIg nUv cMNucmYyeT[t

raMgsH Gsry;eBl 6 Ex KW taMgBI Gg<RbCMu naz 17 kJa enATIRkug:gkk
mk . rbb ehg sMrwn yleXIjdUecHza ebIEtgtaMg semc neratm sIhnu
enAkgKNRbZanRkumRbwkSa
clnats)U
Etmg ehIyEtgtaMg elak h)un Esn CaGnuRbZanRkumRbwkSa . buEnsMeNI
enH :nRtUvBYkbul Bt nig elak sWn san RbZan rNsirCati rMedaH
BlrdExr EdlCaGkRbCaZibetykNalniym buEn EdlmanninakareTArk
semc neratm sIhnu RcanecaleTAvij .
Rkbx&NenH sIBIGBaRkwtPaB rbbehg sMrwn mankarsakesIreRcIn. dUcenH

eK:nrkels CaeRcIn edIm|ITamTaroman karEklMGEzmeT[t edayGHGagza
EpnkarenH RKanEtCaksar CamUldan bueNaH. buEnxagGkts)U edjkgT&B
ev[tNam enaHvij eKmankareBjcitTaMgGs . eTaHCayagNakI enAkgGg<
RbCMumYy naz 9 nig z 10 kJa enATIRkugya kata RbeTs NeNsIu Gk
tMNagKUPaKIExrTaMg 4 k* :nsuxcitTTYlyk ksar Rkbx&N EdlRbeTs

mhaGMNacTaMg 5 n RkumRbwkSasnisux :nesIeLIgenaHEdr . cMeJH cMNuc
mincuHsRmugKa eK nwg ykeTA crca enAeBleRkayeT[t . enAkgGg<RbCMuenaH

TaMgGs
suxcitTTYlyk
KW
karbeg,ItRkumRbwkSa
CatiCanxs Edlman smaCikTaMgGs cMnYn 12 rUb KWxag rbb ehg sMrwn 6

rUb ehIy BIrrUb sRmab KNbkSnImYy> nclnats)U.
159
edIm|IsRmYl
sMeNIenH semc neratm sIhnu k*esIsMu oman smaCik TaMgGs 14 rUb
cMeJHGtn&y nig GtbTCakEsg Edl:nRtUvelIkeLIg enAkgEpnkar
sMeNIZMBIr :nRtUvKUPaKI
GacnwgmaneRb{b.
tamry;karRsuH
160
karminylRBm rbs rbb rdkmCa 27
KW RkumExrRkhm xag bul Bt RkumraCaniym rbs semc sIhnu nig RkumGk

RbCaZibety dwknaMeday elak sWn san eKman GktMNagTaMgGs 6 rUb KW
GMBI Epnkar Rkbx&N rbs RkumRbwkSa
GktMNag 2 rUb sRmabRkumnImYy>. xag rbb rdkmCa eK k*man Gk
tMNag 6 rUbEdr . bJaEdlecaTeLIg enAeBlenaH KW karEtgtaMg semc
snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati
neratm sIhnu EdlCa RbZanrdaPi:lcRmuH Ca smaCikTI 13 nRkumRbwkSa
Le refus du rgime de lEtat du Cambodge

de souscrire au Plan du cadre des Accords des
CinqGrands du Conseil de Scurit de lO.N.U.
CatiCanxs EdlCaehtu eZIVo:ttulPaB nRkumRbwkSa. buEn minEmnRtwmEt

tYnaTI nRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxsenHeT Edlrbbehg sMrwn_h)un Esn _Ca sIum
cgeZVIkartva . rbb
eRkayGg<RbCMu TIRkugyakata naz 9 nig 10 kJaqaM 1990 eTaHbI
PaKIExr TaMg 4 suxcit TTYlyk EpnkarRkbx&N rbs RbeTs mhaGMNac

TaMg 5 n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCaCatikI k*rbb
rdkmCa enAmankarsakesIrEdr eRJHmancMNucmYycMnYn EdlxusBIeKaledA
rbseK. elak h)un Esn naykrdmRnI n rbb
rdkmCa
BMueBjcit nwg
tYnaTI rbs RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxseT eRJHelakcgo Gg<karenH KanGMNac
GVITaMgGs KW RKanEtsitenA CanimitrUbbueNaH. eyageTAtamEpnkarRkbx&N

ExrRkhm EdlmanGktMNag rbseK 2 rUbenAkgRkumRbwkSaCati k* :nRtUv
TTYls<alpgEdr. xag rdaPi:lCati 28 EdlmanExr 3 RkumCa smasPaB
27
Gg<RbCMu visamJrdsPa naz 29_30 emsa qaM 1989 :nbreQaH rbb
saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa mk Ca rdkmCa dUecHvij .

28
eQaH
rdaPi:l
ts)URbqaMg
nwg
kgT&B
ev[tNamenAelITwkdIExr
rdkmCa
cgoRkumExrnImYy> RKbRKgEtTwkdI Edlxn
kankabbueNaH ehIy mino rMlay rbb rbseK munkare:HeqateLIy. mun
eBlGg<RbCMu bNaGkCMnajkar enATIRkugyakata naz 9 vicika rbb ehg

sMrwn_h)un Esn :nep\I GnusSrN;
(mmorandum) mYy eTAoelak rULg
Duymas rdmRnI karbreTs :raMg. rbb ehg sMrwn_h)un Esn :nesI dUecH
za ; Gg<kar GaRbUnuc minRtUvman tYnaTI Ca GkrkSasniPaBeT KW RKanEt Ca
Gg<kar sRmaber[bcM kare:HeqatEtbueNaH . Gg<karenHRtYtBinit RksYgTaMg
5 n rbb rdkmCa EtenAkgvis&y EdlTakTg nwgkare:HeqatbueNaH .

cMeJHkarTukskGavuZ
( stocks darmes) rbb rdkmCa esIsMuoPaKI nImYy>
rkSa nig TukGavuZ rbseK eRkamkarRtYtBinit rbs Gg<kar GaRbUnuc sin
TRmaMM man rdaPi:lmYy eRkaykare:Heqat . enAkg GnusSrN;enaH rbb
RbCaZibety
(G.C.K..D.)
KWCardaPi:l
Edlman
RkumExrRkhm RkumrNsirCati rMedaHBlrdExr dwknaMeday elak sWn san

.
rdaPi:lenH :nRtUvbeg,IteLIg enA z 22 mizuna qaM 1982 enA TIRkugKULa
nig Rkum GksIhnuniym cUlrYm . enAz 3 kum;qaM 1990 rdaPi :lcRmuH

eRkARbeTsenH breQaH mkCa rdaPi:lCati n RbeTskmCa vij .
lMBY RbeTsmaeLsIu ehIyEdl kalenaH maneQaHza rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCa

161
eRkARbeTs
162
rdkmCa KW rbb ehg sMrwn_h)un Esn k*:n esIsMupgEdr ovtman rbs
Gg<kar shRbCaCati enAkmCa man ezrevlaEt 9 Ex bueNaH eRkaykarcuH

htelxa n kicRBmeRB{g .
edIm|I kMuokarGnuvtn EpnkarRkbx&N raMgsH RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMg 5
n RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati :nebIk Gg<RbCMumYyeT[t enAz
25 nig 26 vicika enATIRkug:rIs . Gg<RbCMu :neZIVkarlMGitEzmeT[t GMBI
karedaHRsay TMnasneya:y TUeTA edayrkSaxabnUvmUldan nEpnkarRkb

x&N Edl:nRtUvkMNt enAz 28 sIha. bJadkGavuZ bJakare:Heqat nig
bJasI BITMnakTMng rvagRkumRbwkSaCati Canxs nig Gg<karGaRbUnuc k*:n
karRbyuTKa rvag KUPaKIExr
bdibk eRkayGg<RbCMu RkumRbwkSaCati Canxs

enA TIRkug :rIs naExZ qaM 1990
Lutte entre les factions rivales cambodgiennes

aprs la runion du CNS Paris en dcembre
1990
enAz 21_22 nig 23 Z qaM 1990 smaCikRkumRbwkSaCati CanxsTaMg
RtUvlMGitbEnmEdr . buEn eTaHCayagenHkI k* rbb ehg sMrwn_h)un Esn enA
12 rUb :nmkcUlrYmRbCMuenATIRkug:rIs edayman vtman nshRbZanTaMgBIr
minylRsbdUcrbb ehg sMrwn Edr CaBiessRtgcMNucRBmeRB{gKamYy sI
enAkg Gg<RbCMuenaH shRbZan:raMg :nxitxMrujRcan oKUPaKIExrTaMg 4 RsuH
rbb ehg sMrwn _ h)un Esn xitxMBRgwgTItaMgrbseK edayTamTar minoeK
ExrKan qn;xitxMrkRckecjenaHeT shKmnGnrCati k*minGacKitKUrbJaExr
shRbCaCati RtYtBinit RksYgTaMg 5 rbs eKpgeT[t edaysMGag eTAelI
x&N TaMgRsug buEnxag rdkmCa EdlBMu:nseRmc nUv eKaledA rbseK
bJnBYkdwknaM ExrRkhm xag bul Bt eTAotulakarkateTas BI bTRbl&y
kMNtehtu eRkApvkarmYy bJakza ; bJaEdlenAesssl nwg RtUvyk
. enAeBlEdl TMnasenH EsgecjeLIg BYkExrkumynis RbkanKMnit cas
kMBugEtRbRBwteTA RsabEtelak h)un Esn GktMNag rdkmCa xlKr Et
rvagCnkumynis
karRkbx&N manTisedAmYyyagc|as KWpacRbeTskmCa oecjputRsLH
k*
n snisIT TIRkug:rIs nig GktMNagGg<kar shRbCaCati rahVWDIg Gaemd .
BIkarRtUv rMlay rbb rdkmCa munkare:Heqat . Gsry; eBl CaeRcInEx
RsYlmUlmtiKa edIm|Iksag sniPaB nig sg<mCatieLIgvij edayEzgza ;ebI
dkhUt GavuZ BI kgT&B rbs xn munkare:Heqat ehIy minRBmoGg<kar
rhUt:nEdr. xagGkts)U TaMgbIRkum eK:nRsuHRsYlKaTTYlyk EpnkarRkb
eKalkarN* GZibety . TnwmenaH rbb rdkmCa k* TamTarpgEdr oeK
eKBMueBjcit nwg EpnkarenaHeT . GktMNag Gg<karshRbCaCati :necj
BUCsasn KW mann&yza RtUvdksmasPaB RkumenHoecjput BI kare:H eqat
eTABinit sIuCeRmA enAeBleRkay . enAeBlenaH KW enA eBlEdlGg<RbCMu
naMKaelIkeLIg GMBI KeRmagkarN d*cEmkmYy KW BYkeKcgoman sm&n PaB
mg ehIyRtUveKdwkeTABa:l Cabnan enAmnIreBT . sUmktsMKalza Epn
TIRkughaNUy . KeRmagkarNenH Edl:nRtUvrdZanI TaMgBIrenHKaMRT
BIbJaGnrCati mann&yza ebIExredaHRsay bJaxn min:neT KWvaCa er]g
EtminylRsbEdr.
enAeBlenaH
KaMRTeday
eKseg,teXIjza
TIRkugebkaMg
RtUv elakh)un Esn rMlayecal GseTAvij.

163
nig
RbeTsev[tNam
Cnkumynis
KaMRTeday
:n
rbsExr suTsaZ . ebI EpnkarenaH BMuTTYls<al GtiPaB n BYkExrRkhm
164
eTenaH cin c|as CaBMusuxciteLIy ehIyenAkgkrNIenaH Epnkar sniPaB k*
Nam nigcin xitCitKavij rbb rdkmCa k*eZIV karvayluk mYy d*ZM eTAelI
enaHteTA ebIExr rkRckecj CamYyKamineXIjeT KWmanEtkarvayKarhUt dl
BIExmkra dlExsPa BMu:nhucnUvlTpl
BMuGacGnuvt:nEdr. GVIEdlKUPaKIExr RtUvyl enAeBlenaH KWza cabBIeBl

exSaHQamdacxlxngEtmg ehIyedayeRbImeZa:yxngpal. RbeTs
cin
KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABICMruj oExrRkhmTTYl ykEpnkarenaHeT eRJH
RbeTsz :nbiTRck mino cindwkGavuZ eTAoExrRkhmrYceTAehIy. rI xag

rdkmCa KW CarbbmYy EdlGnr Cati BMuGacTTYls<al:neT ebIeyageTA
tameKalkarNGnrCati . niyaymYyEbbeT[t xagExrRkhmbul Bt nig
xagExrRkhm ehg sMrwn xagNa k* RtUvmti GnrCati ez,aleTas dUcEtKa .
magRtUveK ez,aleTas BIbT Rbl&yBUCsasng ehIymageT[t ekItecj

BIkarQanJn rbs kgT&Bev[tNam .
tamkarBiteTA eRkABIRkumGkRbCaZibety rbs elak sWn san
nig RkumGkraCaniym dwknaMedayRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti KanRkumNamYy
kmaMgGkts)U . karvayRbharenH Edl:nRbRBwteTA Gsry;eBl 5 Ex KW

GVITaMgGs
eTaHbIxagPaKI
rbb
rdkmCa eRbIR:s T&BrabJnnak RBmTaMgrzeRkaH tmaKcRk nig ynehaH

Rbedj kI .
semc neratm sIhnu eka
RkumExrRkhm xag bul Bt
ehIy hucdetagelak h)un Esn vij

Le prince Norodom Sihanouk
tourne le dos aux Khmers rouges fidles
Pol Pot et tend la main Hun Sn
EdlKYrecjmux enAeBle:HeqateT k*buEneKBMuGacbMePcRkumkumynis TaMgBIr
RkumenaH:neT eRJHCa RkumEdlman kmaMgRbyuT ZMCageKpg ehIyEdlCa

mUldan nGZikrNExrTaMgmUlpg. eTaHCayagNakI manEtRckmYy bueNaH
sRmaboExrGaccabepIm ksagRbeTssaCazI enaH KWkare:Heqat edayesrI
nig RbkbeTA edayKtiyutiZm( . EpnkarRkbx&N rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati

sg,t Zn eTAelIcMNucenH . edIm|IGnuvteKalkarNenH edIm|IlublagkMhus
rbseKBIeBlmun RbeTsmhaGMNac EdlZab:nCabJkB&nkgGZikrNExr

suxcitcayR:kRbmaN
Jn
500landular
edIm|Ier[bcM
kare:Heqat
enAkmCa. enAedImqaM 1991 ExrbnvayKa rebHre:HeT[t buEn mgenH eday
KanCMnYyBIeRkA sRg<amkgRsukenH BMumanRTgRTayZMeT . enAcMeJHmux sPaB
karNenH RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMgR:M ZakTwkcityagxaMg . muneBlEdlev[t

165
karRbyuTeRkayGg<RbCMu RkumRbwkSaCanxs enATIRkug:rIsnaExZqaM 1990
rvag kmaMg ts)UExrnwgrbb rdkmCa KaMRTedayRbeTsev[tNam :nbJak

oeXIjza
kgT&Bxag
rdkmCa
maneRb{bCag.
CakarBitehIyEdlza
karvayRbhar n rbbEdlkanGMNacenATIRkugPMeBj eTAelIkgT&BExrRkhm
xagbulBt BI Exmkra qaM 1991 rhUtdlEx sPa BMu:nykTItaMgNamYy

rbs bul Bt :nCasaBreT KW TaMg sVayeck TaMg zBYk TaMg blin buEn
kgkmaMgts)U k*KankmaMg nig smarRKbRKan edIm|IvaysRmukeTAelI kgT&B
nrbb rdkmCa Edr eTaHbIRtUveRbIeBlevlayUr k*eday. enAcMeJHmux san
PaBTnexSayenH rbs kgT&B nkmaMgts)U elak h)un Esn rdmRnITI 1 n

rbb rdkmCa k*eq{tBRgwgTItaMg rbselak kgkarcrca KWbgMo kgT&Bts)U
166
eZIVsm|Tan bEnmeT[t. edIm|Io karcrca GacecjCaEpp,a shRbZanTaMgBIr
GZibtIPaB rbs semcneratm sIhnu
oman karQb:jKa cabtaMg BIz 1 sPa eTATlnwg karbJbGg<RbCMu
RbRBwteTA mYys:h munGg<RbCMu enAebkaMg rvag RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMg 5
nsni sITTIRkug:rIs nig GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati :nGMJvnav

RkumRbwkSaCati Canxs enATIRkugyakarta . PaKIExrTaMg 4 k*ylRBm ehIy k*
bJnGktMNag rbseKer[g>xn oeTAcUlrYmRbCMu enATIRkug yakata naz 2

nig z 4 mizuna qaM 1991 dEdl . eq{tkasenaH semcneratm sIhnu
GkdwknaM
clnats)UExr
:nesIoelak
h)un
karer[bcMrcnasm&nRkumRbwkSaCatieLIgvij
Esn
suxcitTTYlylRBm
edayEtgtaMgRbZanmYyrUbKWsemc
neratm sIhnu nig GnuRbZanmYyrUb KW elak h)un Esn . buEn ExrRkhmxag

bul Bt BMuRBmTTYlyksMeNIenHeT. eTaHCayagenHkI k*ExrRkhm xag bul
Bt BMuGac bgakdMeNIrkarer[bcM rcnasm&n RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs :nEdr

ehIy EzmTaMgpacxneK ecjBI RkumExrepSg>pgeT[t. enAeBlenaH eKeXIj
yagc|asza mankicRBmeRB{gmYyyagmaM rvag semc neratm sIhnu nig
elak h)un Esn. rI yuTsaRs KW naMKUPaKIExrTaMg 3 eT[t oe:Hbgecal
PaKI ExrRkhm xag bul Bt . enAz 4 mizuna KWmYyzeRkay Gg<RbCMu enA

yakata mankarRbyuTKamYy yagZM enACMuvijtMbn blin .
enAz 6 mizuna qaM 1991 semc neratm sIhnu eRt[mlkN;CaeRsc
yageTATIRkugPMeBj edIm|IeTA taMgTI RkumRbwkSaCati Canxs enAkgrdZanIExr.

edayGVI> k*vivt eTArkkarbJbsRg<am ehIy edaycin nigev[tNam kMBugxit
cabdKa saCazIeT[t elak qg CI ecn rdmRnI karbreTscin k*beJj
karriHKnyagxaMgcMeJH riyabz rbs ExrRkhm EdlCasm&nmit CaRbBNI
rbsxn . KW enAeBlenaH ehIy Edl TIRkugebkaMg EbreTArk elak h)un Esn

Etmg.
BIrs:h bnab
BIGg<RbCMu
RkumRbwkSaCati
CanxsenA :taya
/ RbeTscin :nGeJIj elak h)un
Esn oeTAeZIVTsSnkic CapvkarmYy enA TIRkugebkaMg . TsSnkicenaH :n
n KN;GciRny RkumRbwkSasniPaB n Gg<kar shRbCaCati KW Gg<RbCMu na
z 18 kk,da ehIy bYnz munGg<RbCMueRkApvkar n RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs enA

kgrdZanI cin. enAkgGg<RbCMu KN;GciRny RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar sh
RbCaCatinaz 18 kk,da RkumRbwkSasnisux :nseRmcbJn ebskkm mYy
eTATIRkugPMeBj tam esckIesIsMu rbsRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs . eyageTAtam
karBiPakSa enAkgGg<RbCMuenaH 70
PaKry n kmaMgkgT&B rbs KUPaKIExr
nImYy> RtUvrMsayecal. enAz 19 kk,da smaKm RbeTsGasIuGaeKy ehA

Gas)an :nTTYls<al RkumRbwkSaCati Canxs ehIyenAz 20 nig 21 kk,da
semc neratm sIhnu nig elak h)un Esn eTAeZVITsSnkic CapvkarenA

RbeTskUerxageCIg. enAz 22_23 nig 24 kk,da RbeTscin :nTTYl elak
h)un Esn yagGZikGZm enAkgRkbx&N n TsSnkicCapvkarmYy .
karvilmkvij n GkdwknaMcas
mkkgbribT neya:y zI;
karkatbny TiBl GkRbCaZibety

nig GkraCaniym edIm|ITukpvo
GtItRkumkumynis
RbeTsz naz 24_26 mizuna KW Gg<RbCMuelIkdMbUgbgs EdlsitenAeRkam

167
168
n GkRbqaMg nwgshrd Gaemrik kalBIsm&ysRg<amNcinelIkTI 2. rI
Le retour des anciens dirigeants dans

le nouveau contexte politique : la mise
au rancart des dmocrates et des royalistes
au profit des ex-communistes
eRkayGg<RbCMu
RbeTs
mhaGMNacTaMg
nKN;
RBHGg<masneratm
rN#Ti
RbZan
clnaraCaniym
hV)nsIunebc (F.U.N.
C.I.N.P.E.C.) k*sitenAeRkamXab rbs GkGtItkumyniseT[t. GVIEdleK Gac

edaHRsay:n enAcMeJHmux KW karQaneTArk karekaBYkExrRkhm xag bul
GciRny Rkum
Bt EtbueNaH. karcabd rvag semc neratm sIhnu nig elak h)un Esn
RbwkSasnisux Gg<karshRbCaCati enATIRkugebkaMg naz 18 kk,daqaM 1991
KWCa plitpl nkarCanaKavij rvag TIRkugebkaMg nwg TIRkughaNUy Edl
:nsuxcitrMsay 70 PaKry n cMnYnkgT&B rbseK . Gg<kar shRbCa
cMeJHmuxsanPaBenH TIRkugvasIugetan :nbJak enAz 24 kk,da qaM 1991
bNaRbeTs nsmaKm RbCaCatiGasIuGaeKy ehA Ga s)an :nTTYls<al
RtUv mankarRbugRby&txs KWeZIVyag Naokare:Heqat GacRbRBwteTA eday
naykrdmRnI nrbb ehg sMrwn eZIVTsSnkic Capvkar enARbeTscin RbCa
eRkamkardwknaM rbs RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti :nTTYlC&yCMnH k*BitEmn
br. sJaR:saTkMBUl 3 Edlman enAkg TgCati CMnan rbb sIhnu rbb
karKaMRT BIRbeTskumynis TaMgBIr enAkgtMbn .
TgCati
Gaemrik
eT[tehIy enAeBlEdleKxitxMpSHpSa Gkneya:yExreLIgvij kgeKaledA
CabEgk ehIy Edl:nCYy rbb bul Bt ovay rMlMrbb saZarNrd
tamRKbrUbPaB n lTiRbCaZibety tamEbbbT bsimRbeTs bkSRbCaCn
GPiRkmsniPaB enARbeTskmCa :ncabepImecjCarUber[g. PaKIExr nImYy>
eTIbnwg :tbEgkmYyd*ZM bnabBI shPaB sUev[trlMrlay:teTA . enA
Cati eRt{mlkN;CaeRsc edIm|IbJn ebskCn rbseK eTATIRkugPMeBj.
dUecHza ; karedaHRsay vibtiExr KW :nEtmYyPaKbueNaH . dUcenH GVIEdleK
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxsExrenAz 19 kk,da . enAeBlEdl elak h)un Esn
RtwmRtUv.
manitu enATIsakkar Gg<kar shRbCaCati enaH vij TgCatiExr :nRtUvpas
buEn BMumankmaMgRKbRKan
ln nl nigrbbExr Rkhm:nRtUvykmkdakCMnYs sJaR:saTkMBUlR:M n

n
rbb
ehg sMrwn.
eTaHCayagenH
k*eday
k*shrd
rIkarBit
KWza
enAeBle:Heqat
qaM
1993
KNbkSraCaniym
edIm|IeZIVkarTbTl nwg GtItGkdwknaMExr Edlman
enAeBlEdl RbeTskumynis TaMgBIr enAkgtMbn :nxitCitKasaCazI
enAmankar:rmxaMgEdr GMBI karEdlGkdwknaMZM> CaRbvtisaRs Edlmancin
BRgwg TiBl rbseK enANcineLIgvij edIm|IRbQmmux nwg karvilmkvij
Exr :nkayeTACaGkdwknaM RbeTskmCa saCazIeT[t. niyayocM KWkarvil
bdivt kmCa
RbCaZibety nig GksaZarNrdniym tamEbb bsimRbeTs EdlenAeBl
kumynisExrEdl:nRtUvsemc neratm sIhnu biTecalenAqaM 1962. bkS
(Parti du peuple rvolutionnaire du Kampuchea) k* :nbr
(Parti du peuple du Kampuchea) vij KW bkS
mkvij n GkdwknaM n rbbcas kalCMnankumynis. rIGkRbkanninakar
eQaHmkRtwm bkSRbCaCn
enaH manelak sWn san CaGktMNag k*BMusUvmankmaMgxaMgka bunaneTAeT[t
RbCa CnbdivtkmCa enaH :nRtUv bul Bt ERbeQaH mkCa bkSBlkr
GnrCati ez,aleTasyageBjTMhwg. eKGacniyay:nza KW Cakarvilmkvij
kumyniskmCa Etmg
eTaHbI tamkarBit KW Caevn rbs BYkeKkI bnabBI rbbExrRkhm :nRtUvmti
169
kmCa enAqaM 1960 ehIyeRkaymk enAExkJaqaM 1966 ERbeQaHCa bkS
(Parti communiste du Kampuchea) . eRkayeBl

170
EdlRbeTsev[tNam elIkT&B cUlmk kgRsukExr vayrMlM rbb bul Bt
mYys:h eRkayGg<RbCMu n RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs enA :taya naz
enAExmkraqaM 1979 bkSkumyniskmCa rbs bul Bt EdledImeLIy
26_29 sIha qaM 1991 RbeTscin:nbJakza eKQbplCMnYy eyaZa
bkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa . buEn enAeBlEdl clna kumynis enAkgtMbn
Gaemrik vasIugetan bus
ecjmkBI
bkSRbCaCnbdivt
ERbRbYlyuTsaRs
rbseK
kmCa :nERbeQaHmk
edIm|IsRmbeTAtam
CaeQaHedImvij
sankarN
naqaM
KW
1990
bkSenH :nbreQaHmkCa bkSRbCaCn . eTaHbIelak h)un Esn man tYnaTI
Ca GnuRbZan n bkSRbCaCn enH kI k* tamkarBit bkSenH manEteQaH
bueNaH eRJHelak h)un Esn CamnusSxaMgEtmakKt enAkgbkSenH. elak Ca

sIum Edl:nRtUvEtgtaMgCa RbZanbkS CMnYselak ehg sMrwn k*Kan tYnaTI
sMxanGVIEdr eRJHelak h)un Esn :nbeg,It rcnasm&n mYyeT[t RKb dNb

BIelI:teTAehIy.
enAkgbribT
karCanaKa
rvag
TIRkugebkaMg
nwg
TIRkughaNUyenH elak h)un Esn manParkic cabd semc neratm sIhnu
CacaM:c edIm|IraMgs,at kMuoGkRbCaZibety Edlman ninakar niymbsim

elak Gacvil mkkanGMNac :nvij .
eqaHeTArk karbJb GZikrN Exr

edayrkSaTuk nUv maK(aneya:y
eRkARbeTs muneBlsRg<am
Vers la fin du conflit cambodgien

et le retour la
politique extrieure des annes 60
eTAoExrRkhmeT[tehIy buEnekSaTuk karplCMnYy esdkic dEdl. kaEst

:nktsMKalza ; ExrRkhm enA blin lkt|g
:n 300 landular RKanEtkgry;eBl 2 qaMkngmk. enAz 10 kJa

rdmRnIkarbreTsev[tNam
nigrdmRnIkarbreTscin :nCYbKaenATIRkugebkaMg
edIm|Iniyayo:nc|asmgeT[t GMBIkardakTMnakTMngKaCaRbRktIeLIgvij rvag

RbeTskumuynisTaMgBIr ehIy suxcitTTYlyk EpnkarsniPaB enAkmCa .
enAeBlenaH RbeTskmCa :nTTYlrgeRKaH eday TwkCMnnmYy d*ZM sem|Im
Gsar CaehtubNalomnusS 110 nak :tbgCIvit ehIy 70 mWunnakKan
CRmk . rI dMNaMRsUv xUcxatGs RbmaN 14 mWun hikta . enAeBlebIk

Gg<RbCMu mhasni:t Gg<kar shRbCaCati enATIRkug jIvyk naz 16 kJa
semc neratm sIhnu RTg :nCYbsnna CamYyelak h)un Esn. Gasn;

kmCa
enAGg<kar
shRbCaCati :nRtUvRbKleTAoRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs
ehIyreb[be:Heqat EdleZIVoman karExVgKMnitKa enAGg<RbCMuenA:taya :n

RtUv KUPaKIExr suxcit RsuHRsYlKa KW kare:Heqat smamaRt enAtamExRt
nImYy>. enATIRkugjIvyk enaHEdr semc neratm sIhnu :nCYbsnnaCamYy

elak RbZanaZibtI Gaemrik yk b)Us29
(George Herbert Walker Bush) .
karsnnaKaepat CaBiesseTAelI ExrRkhm KW GkdwknaM rbb kmCaRbCa
Zibety kngmk. elak yk b)Us :nsMEdgenAeBlenaH nUvkarRBYy:rm
29
elak yk b)Us Buk rbselak yk vleKI b)Us CaRbZanaZibtI shrd
Gaemrik BIqaM 1989 dlqaM 1993 . kUnrbselak KW elak yk vleKI b)Us

Ca RbZanaZibtI shrd Gaemrik BI qaM 2001 dlqaM 2009 .
171
172
rbselak xacERkg GkTaMgenaHvilmk kanGMNacsaCazIeT[t. buEn semc
pgEdrza RBHGg<minylTas niwg karykGkdwknaMExrRkhm eTAkateTaseT.
kare:Heqat. enAz 17-18 tulaqaM 1991 dEdlenaH bkS RbCaCn bdivt
KNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc nig elak h)un Esn CakUn rbs RBHGg< .
RbCaCnbdivtkmCa
esn mkdl TIRkugPMeBj elak h)un Esn :nEzg enAkgsnisITkaEst
neratm sIhnu RTg:nEzgza KW elak h)un Esn eT Edl nwg QHenAkg

kmCa
mkCa
:nebIk mhasni:t visamJ rbs xn . enAkg OkasenaH bkS
( P.P.R.K.) :nkMNt kmvIZIzI rbseK ehIy breQaH
bkSRbCaCnkmCa
(P.P.C.) sBVzenH. bkSkumynisExrenH :n
seRmc e:Hbgecal eKalkarN smUhPaBniym ehIy kMNtyk eKal

karN BhubkS nig esdkicpSarvij
pgeT[t.
enAz
Cati :nbeg,It
23
tula
RkumGnraKmn
GnrCatimYy :nRbRBwteTA
bnab
RBmTaMgeKalkarN eKarB sTimnusS
BIRkumRbwkSa
mIeRbnuc
snisuxGg<kar
QaneTAdl
mYys:heRkaymk enAeBlEdlKNRbtiPUExrRkhm dwknaMedayelak sun

mYyza
; elak BMuylTas nwgkarpleTAoRbeTskmCa nUv rbbraCaniym
mYyeT. elak:nGHGagza ; KNbkS hVnsIunebc nig KNbkS RbCa

Cn maneKaledAdUcKa. KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlrdmRnI karbreTsz :n
shRbCa
R:bodwgza bul Bt :ncakecjBI Rtat eTAtaMgTI enAkgTwkdIExrvij .
kicRBmeRB[g
bkS RbCaCn maneKaledAdUcKa KW CakarbJakTukCamunza bkSraCaniym
(M.I.P.R.E.N.U.C.)
enATIRkug:rIsedIm|I
cMeJHGkdwknaMzIRBHGg<RTg:nelIkeLIgza RBHGg<mas neratm rN#TiRbZan
30
snisIT
cMeJHkarEdlelak h)un Esn :nEzgza KNbkS hVnsIunebc nig KN
neya:y CasrubmYy sRmabbJb GZikrN enAkmCa . GktMNagrdaPi
nig GtItbkSkumynis RtUvedIrpvEtmYy KW RtUvTbTl nwg GkRbCaZibety
etyRbeTs kmCa :ncuHhtelxa eTAelI kicRBmeRB{genaH .
rbs Gkneya:y Edl:neRCIserIsyk RbeTscin nig RbeTsev[tNam
:l RbeTs cMnYn 18 nigsmaCik nRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs tMNagGZib
enAz 11 vicika elak h)un Esn :nGeJIj eTATIRkugebkaMg edIm|I
yagsemc neratm sIhnu mkPMeBj. GtItGkdwknaMExr sm&yqaM 1941 1970 enH :nRtLbmkmatuPUmivij enAz 16 vicika. semc neratm sIhnu
RbZan nRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs :nEzg snrkzamYy enAcMeJHmux RbCaCn

Exr ez,aleTas karQanBan rbs RbeTsev[tNam yagxaMg buEnRBHGg< k*
RTg:nktsMKalpgEdrza
ebIKanev[tNameT
rsenA mkTlsBVzenHEdr. semc neratm
30
eyIgTaMgGsKa
sIhnu
esrIniym EdlGacmanneya:yeRkARbeTsxusBI kareRKagTuk karsgwm
kumynis eZIVCasm&nmiRt. enAz 20 vicikaqaM 1991 dEdlenaHbkSRbCaCn

nigrdaPi:l
rbb
rdkmCa :necjpSayesckIEzgkarNmYyez,aleTas
yagxaMg dlGVIEdlGkTaMgenaH ehAza rdRbhar z 18 minaqaM 1970
ehIyTTYls<al semc neratm sIhnu CaRBHRbmuxrd n RbeTskmCa .
k*BMumanCIvit
RTg:nbeJjodwg
Mission prparatoire des Nations unies au Cambodge : ebskkm
rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati eRt[mlkN; eZIVGnraKmn enA kmCa .

173
174
GksbesrIPaB
Les ennemis de la libert
175
176
KWkarEsVgrkkarBit o:neRcInbMput CaBiess karyldwg GMBI BiPBelak
karKabsg,
karKabsg,t eTAelI esrIPaB buK<l
GMBIcRkvaL tamkarecHdwg viTasaRs . etIcRkvaLCaGVI / enAkges[vePA mYy
nig karkMNt RBMEdn rbsva enAkgsg<m
rbs
GkEdlsbesrIPaB minEmnRtwmEtCa GkEdlkanGMNacpackarbueNaH
eT EtCaCnRKbrUb EdlminRBmTTYls<al mitiGkdT ehIy EdlBMueC]za Gk
eT[tGacrsenA GaceZIVGVImYy edayKanxn . GkEdlylza karBitmanEt

mYy
RBmTaMgGkEdlylza
CIvitrbsbuK<lmak>
manGkRKbRKg
manGk
EzrkSaxn ehIy manCMen]p,abmux eTAelIGkTaMgenaH k*Ca GkEdlminRsLaj
esrIPaBEdr . esrIPaB kgkarKitCamUldan nesckI zzr rbsmnusS ehIy

Cakta nkarrMedaHxnecjBIGVI> EdleKkMhitoeZVI oyltamedayggwtggl
KanlkN;viTasaRs CaBiess CakarrMdaHxn ecjBI TasPaB . GkEdl
RsLaj esrIPaBBitR:kd KW CaGkEdlh)aneZVIGVImYy Eth)anTTYlxusRtUv n

GMeBIrbsxn. GkniBnGIutalImakeQaH GalEb)rtU mUraviya
1907-1990) :nBnltam ry;Rbelamelak
(Alberto Moravia,
La Noia (LEnnui) dUecHza
? Ca karP&nRcLMmYy d*ZM kalebIeKylza eKGackabmnusSmak rbs GVI

mYy:nrhUtenaH .
eKminGacbRgm esrIPaB mkRtwm karmanluykak sMrab
sIucay bueNaHeT eRJHGkNa k*man siTiRbNaMgRbECg RKbEbbyagEdr .

samK<IPaB CakmaMgrYm sMrabTbTl nwg sankarN EdlnaMmk nUv eRKaHzak
cMeJHsg<m mnusSCatiTaMgmUl buEnminGacykeTA beRmIRbeyaCn rbs
mnusSmYyRkumtUc:neLIy. dUcenH eKRtUvBinit GVIEdleKehAza eRKaHzakenaH

o:nRtwm RtUvsin munnwgcUlrYmKaeZVIGIVmYy eRJHza Gkneya:yxHbeg,It o
maneRKaHzakGVImYy edIm|IGaceq{tykOkassRmabxn nig bkSBYkxn tamry;
samK<IPaBmYy EdleKcg:n edIm|IeZVIGVImYy sRmabeK . esrIPaBBitR:kd

177
R:yyan
RKIn
mancMNgeCIgza
The Elegant universe, 1999
(LUnivers lgant de Brian Green, Ed. Robert Laffont, 2000, Poche 2005)
eKdwgyagc|asza ebIRTwsI ynkm K&gTik (Dynamique quantique) nig RTwsI
Thorie de la relativit gnrale rbs GalEb)r Gajsaj (Albert Einstein)
cUlKa:n eKnwgGacrkedImkMeNIt n cRkvaLeXIj yagc|as.
tamry;RTwsI
bcb|nenH
Thorie des cordes eKmansgwmza esckIbgR:za rbs
Einstein nig :nseRmc . enAqaM 1543 stvtSTI 16 GkR:C\ viTasaRs

bULj
(GlWmg k*Gacza:n) kUEBrnic (Copernic, 1473-1543) :nrk
eXIjza EpndI vilCMuvijxng nig CMuvijRBHGaTwt.

Jk
esrIPaB mann&y d*TUlMTUlay rIkarkMNt visalPaB nig
RBMEdn n skmPaB rbs mnusSenAkgsg<m CabJamYy d*sKsaj. eyag

eTAtamn&yTsSnviCa esrIPaBrbs mnusSmak> KW kareKarBqn;pal rbseK
ehIy minbeNayosg<m GkNamakeT[t Kabsg,t:n k* ykeTAeRbI
edIm|IRbeyaCnpal rbs buK<lNamak
RkummnusS NamYy
(bJti sIBI
GkCa nig Taskr) . rd manParkic karJrsiTi rbs buK<l EdlmankMNt
enAkg kicsnasg<m . buEn edIm|IGacZanaesrIPaB rbs GkdTeT[tenAkg
sg<m eKk*RtUvkMNtRBMEdn rbsva CakMhitEdr? esrIPaB rbs buK<lmak min

RtUvbHJldlesrIPaB rbsGkdTeLIy. ebItamn&ymYyeT[t esrIPaBrbs
buK<l
KWkarecHdwg
GMBI
RkwtRkmCIvit
RkitRkm
sg<m
ehIyminbeNay
otNa bhicta jaMjI:n edayQr enAelI mUldan vicarNJaN nig

scZm(. ebItamTsSnviCa
CIvitniym
(existentialisme) mnusS manesrIPaB
EtgEtrkSa tmKtizzr rbseK buEn k*RtUvTTYlxusRtUv GMeBIGMeBI rbsxnEdr
( Lhomme est condamn tre libre). enAkgvis&yneya:y esrIPaB KW

178
esrIPaBenAkg karbeJjmti nigkareKarB mitiGkdT . rdmanParkic karJr

esrIPaBenH
CakMhit
enAkgkrNI
EdlesrIPaBenaH
manlkN;Rsbc|ab
(rdZmnuJ) . ebIBMuenaHesateT KWCaGMNacpackar EdlminGacRbEkk:n (kar

bM:tsiTibeJj
mtienAkgrdkumynis nig
rdeyaZaniym
nKr:l karJr EtsiTi rbs rdaPi:l edayxusc|ab) .
CMBUk 10
RBmTaMgrdEdl
mayaKti neya:y
Les illusions politiques
mkTlnwgeBlbcb|nenH karts)UedIm| IesrIPaB BMuTancb sBVRKb enA
eLIyeT. edaysMGag eTAelImUlehtuepSg> BYkGkkanGMNacpackar enA
Etman GtiPaB bnmkeT[t . xHbRgYmesckIRtUvkarcaM:c rbsmnusS mk

Rtwm
karmanGaharbriePaK
buEnmnusS
k*dUcCa
stVEdlKankarGbrMEpk
sIlZm( k*enAEtRtUvkaresrIPaBdEdl. dUecHeXIjza enAkgsg<m EdldwknaM
edayGkkanGMNacpackar mnusSRtUveKbRgYm mkRtwmstnikr Gnzy Cag
stVeTAeT[t. mnusSEtgEtEsVgrk n&y n CIvitrbseK Canic ehIyEtgEtman
esckIR:zaepSg> pgeT[t. mnusSmak> cgecjput BIsanPaBCIvit EdleK

Bi:krsenA EdleZVIo eKGpSktbRbml . GkKanesrIPaB kgsg<m kumy
nis RBmTaMgsg<mpackar epSg>eT[t cg:nesrIPaB rbseK mkvij. Gk
RkcgmanR:kkasZUrZar ehIyGkmanxHEdlZujRTan nwgreb[brsenA GMeBI
minl nmCdan rbsBYkeK EbrCaman karZujRTan nig sbexImmCdanenaH

eTAvij ehIy EtgEtcgecjoqayBImCdanenaH eTaHCa RtUvkayeTACa mnusS
GnazakI. mnusSxHcgecHehaHdUcstVsab ehIyxHeT[tcgyldwg BI#sKl
RBhlixit rbs xn .
mnusSCastVEdl manesckIbgR:za
(rves et
aspirations). enAkgn&yenH karlubbM:t siTiKitBicarNa nig kardakeTas
179
180
GkEdlKitrMedaHxnecjBI sanPaB GabGY TaMgenaHrbseK suTEtCaGMeBIRbqaMg
mnusSJl EdlKMramsg<m TaMgmUl .
TaMgGsenaHeT dUcCakarcgkayxneTACaGaTieTBCaedIm buEn KW CasubinmYyd*ZM
kayeTACamnusSGaRkk. enAkger]gramekr eBlEdlR BHlkSN eh[bEtnwg
nwgmnusSTaMgGs.
CakarBitehIy Edlza subinminEmnnaMeTArkPaBlRbesIr
RtUveRbIeBlyUrNas
eTIb:nQH.
eTaHCayagNakI GktMNagsPavl
buEnQH
GackayCacaj
ebIGkQH
ebIeKcgERbkaymnusS oeTACastnikr mag EdlmanlkN;GnzyCagstV
Rbl&yCIvit RnCit RsabEtBiePkk EbrCaXateTAvij eRJHRtUvsMuc|ab BI RBH
mnusS mkoeZVIRtwmTaskr nig sRg<am edIm|ItamTar ykesrIPaBmkvij .
pvZm(bueNaH
eTAeT[tenaH. eKGacniyay:nza sRg<am manBIryag KW sRg<am edIm|IbRgYm

k*buEn sMnYrEdleKGaecaTsYr KWzaehtudUcemc :nCaRbCaBlrd nRbeTsxH
BMuRBmegIbeLIgbHe:redjGkkanGMNacpackar ecjBIGMNac/ karBit KaneT
RbeTs RbCaCnEbbenaH! KWRKanEtCakarylRcLMbueNaH eRJHza sUm|I Et
RBhsin ebImindUecHeT BiPBelak nwgrlaysabsUnminxan. manEtkarQH

EdlGacfitezr:n.
Gkman
sIlZm(lRbesIr
EdlykZm(
bisac mkeRbIedIm|IQH k*minGaccatTukza QH:neLIy . yagNamij eK

seg,teXIjza GkkanZm(bisacykQH:n k*edaysarykZm(l mkRKbbiT
:MgEdr. eKkRmeXIj Gkkanriyabzbisac ykQH edayRbkaselIktem,Ig
stV k*vabRmHecjoput BIRkjaMdGkEdlcgbM:t esrIPaBrbsvaEdr. yag
GMeBI GaRkk rbseKNas .
Tnwmnwgkarsakl|g lubbM:tesrIPaBenaH. dUecHeXIjza KWRKanEtCa bJa
GaRkk. rI RBMx&N rvag sPavTaMgBIrenH :nRtUvGkneya:y nig TsSn
epSg> dUcCakarbMPanmitiCaedIm k*karbMEbrGarmNRbCaCn eqaHeTArkTis
stvtSr TI 20 edaymankarsgS&yza KanRBHNa CaGkRKbRKgBiPB elak
Namij enAkgRbvtisaRs karEsVgrkesrIPaB nig yutiZm( EtgEtman mindac
eBlevlaEtbueNaH . RkumGkdwknaM rbbpackarxH ecHBnaeBl edayeRbIviZI
edAepSgeT[t ehIyTnwmenaH bnykarecHdwg eRCARCH mkRtwmGVIEdleKodwg

bueNaH nig elIkTwkcit oQkvegVgkg GMeBIJla karRsLaj RTBsm|ti
buNski GMNacelak.l.). buEn rbs TaMgGsenH EtgEt naMmk nUv
RbvtisaRs
viCaxH
eJreBjeTAeday
karRbyuT
eZVIomanlkN;RseBcRsBil.
dUecHza ?
sPavl
enAcugstvtSrTI
eKk* ylza GkNataMgxneZVICaRBH k*:nEdr.

rbs GkniBnrusSI dusyeyvs<I
rvag
19
nigsPav
nig
edIm
tYGg<makenAkg Rbelamelak
(Dostoevski, 1821-1881) :nniyay
Si Dieu est mort, alors les hommes seront des dieux les uns
karelaePaeTaesa nig kark|tKa edayeKcBMuput eRJH CamaK(a EdlminRsb
pour les autres . enA stvtSr TI 19 TsSnviTU nItS (Friedrich Nietzsche,
suTEtRtUvsabputBUC TaMgGsenaHEdr . CakarBitNas Edlza eKBMuGaclub
nwg GkxaMg . TsSnviCa rbs nItS :nRtUveKyk eTAbkRsayxusTis
nwgKtibNit . rbbpackar BMusUvmanGayuEvgeT ehIyGkstRtg k*minEmn

bM:t GMeBIGaRkk:n CasaBr ehIykarTamTarrk yutiZm( k*ecjmk BI sg<m
EdlKanyutiZmEdr.
enAkgxnmnusSmak> manbdivaTkm rvag Zatul nig
ZatuGaRkkCanic . GMeBIGaRkk Bi:kykQHeTAelI GMeBIl:nNas enAkg
krNI EdlmankarRyuTts)Umindac rvag GkRsLaj eKarB vicarNJaN nig

181
1844-1900) yleXIjza? sIlZm( CaGavuZ rbsGkexSay sRmabtTl

CaehtubNaloBYk
NahSI eq{tbeg,ItesaknadkmmYy d*ZMenAkg Rbvti
saRs. TsSn; rbsnItS KW karminylRsb nwg TsSnviCa sm&yTMenIb

mYycMnYn EdlGacnaMeTArk karcuHdundab n TVIbGWrub . elaklatRtdag nUv
TidPaBGviCman nTsSnviCa suJniym TaMgLay
182
(les aspects du nihilisme
passif) n sIlZm( CaRbBNI dUcCa crn TsSnviCa rbs shKmn CVIs
enAqaM 1955 RBHGg< :ndakraCsm|tizVay eTARBHraCbita nig RBHraCmata
sKlmkBI TsSn viCasURkatniym ehIyEdlkatbny zamBl BitR:kd
EtgtaMgCaRBHRbmuxrd n RbeTskmCa edaysPaTaMgBIr . enAz 18 mina qaM
nig RKwssasna
(courant judo-chrtien) CaedIm Edlelakylza man
rbs mnusSEtbueNaH . nItS ylza TsSnviCaTaMgenaH naMmnusS oeKcevH

BI CIvitBitR:kd rbs eK. ebItamTsSn;enH rbs nItS GkxaMg GkBUEkRtUv
rNb nwg GkexSayeTAvij . Jkza
mnusStm(
surhomme ) EdlnIt
rbsRBHGg< edIm|IcUlRbLkkgqakneya:y . eBldakraC RBHGg<:nRtUv
1970 RBHGg< :nRtUvsPaTaMgBIr dkecjBImuxtMENgenH edIm|IebIkpvo tm

esnIy ln nl EdlkalenaH CanaykrdmRnI n rdaPi:l eRsacRsg
Cati edjkg&Bev[tmij nigev[tkug ecjBIRsukExr . eBlExrRkhm eLIgkan
:n ykmkB IkvI h,Wt mann&yza mnusSRtUvxMRbwgERbgedIrohYs BIcrit Tn
GMNac bnabBI:nRtUvEtgtaMgCaRbmuxrd nrbbenH RBHGg< :nRtUvExrRkhm
GacCMnYsRBH:n kgkareRsacRsgmnusSCati edayehtuza RBHBMuman GtiPaB
eBlEdl kgT&Bev{tNam cUlmkdlTIRkugPMeBj vayrMlMbegIy rbb bul
exSayrbsxn ( volont de puissance) edIm|IQan eTAeZVIGMeBI d*tm Edl
enAkgelakeyIgenHeLIy. KYrktsm<alza BYkNahSI BMumanriyabz CaGk

eRsacRsg CYyykGasa mnusSeLIy.
ykeTAdakXMuXaMg enAkgRBHraCvaMg . enAz 6 mkraqaM 1979 KW mYyzmun

Bt RBHGg<:nRtUvynehaHrdaPi:lcin dwkecj Cabnan BIRbeTskmCa edIm|I
kMuo ZakeTAkgkNabd TIRkughaNUy. enATIbMput bnabBIsitenAeRkARbeTs

Gsry;eBl 12 qaM RBHGg< :nvil mk matuRbeTs vij ehIy mgenH kg
namCaRbZan RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs kgRkbx&N n GnraKmn rbs Gg<kar
semc neratm sIhnu sakl|gbeg,It
shRbCaCati . enAkgGg<RbCMu RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs naz 22 vicika qaM
rdaPi:lcRmuH rvag KNbkS hVnsIunebc
1991 enaH eKBMueXIj vtman elak sun esn nig elak ex[v sMpn Gk
tMNagRkumExrRkhmeT . cMeJH semc neratm sIhnu bJasMxancMeJHmux
nig KNbkS RbCaCn
KWeZIVyagNa beg,ItRkumneya:ymYy EdlKNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc
Norodom Sihanouk entend crer

un gouvernement de coalition
entre le F.U.N.C.I.N.P.E.C. et le P.P.C
dwknaMeday RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti CakUn rbsRBH Gg<eZIV shkarCitsiT

CamYyGtIt bkSkumynis dwknaM eday elak h)un Esn . enAz 23 vicika qaM
1991
dEdlenaH
semc
neratm
sIhnu
RTg:nRbkasR:bza
nwgman
:nRb
karbeg,It rdaPi:lcRmuHmYy rvag KNbkS neya:yTaMg 2 . buEn elak
sIhnu yagmkdl RbeTskmCa . sUmrM"keLIgvijza semc neratm sIhnu
catTukza RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs Ca rdaPi:lExrEtmYyKt. enAkgn&yenH
Gg<RbCMu
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs enATIRkugPMeBjelIkdMbUgbgs
RBwteTA enAz 22 vicika qaM 1991 KW 5 z eRkayeBlEdl semc neratm
sWn san EdltMNagGkRbCaZibety enAeBlenaH minylRsbeT ehIy
CakSRtExrmYyGg< Edl:raMg:neRCIserIsoeLIgesayraCenAqaM 1941 .
enAz 26 vicika kariyal&y RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs :necjpSay esckI
183
184
CUndMNwg mYybJakCapvkarza semc neratm sIhnu CaRBHRbmuxrdRsb
rYmRbCMuKa enAblin edIm|Ivaytm sPaBkarN sIBIkarGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{g
:nRtUvedaHRsayenAeLIy KW bJaExrRkhm. eKenAcaM:nza enAz 23 kum;
kg:tukmhwgSamYy nisSit nig sisSsalaCaeRcIn :nnaMKaez,aleTas GMeBI
c|ab nig eBjsiTi n RbeTskmCa . eTaHCayagNakI bJaEdlBMuTan

KW
enAedImqaM
1991
bnabBI
manrdRbharmYyenARbeTsz tmesnIyz
sucina :nEzgza ; ebIcg edaHRsay bJaExr eKRtUvEckGMNac oExrRkhm
pg. enAz 27 vicika bnabBIRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs pltYnaTIRbmuxrd zVayeTA
semc neratm sIhnu elak ex[v sMpn :nmkdl TIRkugPMeBj . buEn
sniPaB. enAExZenaHEdr manRBwtikarNmYy :nekIteLIg. enAz 17 Z enA

BukrlYy.
nKr:l
:necjeZIVGnraKmn
ehIy :n:jrH eTAelI:tukr
Etmg. :tukmenH Edl:nRbRBwteTA rhUtdl z 23 Z :nbNalo

mnusS 11 nak yagtic :tbgCIvit . mYyzbnabmk bNakGK<rdTUt
nRbeTsmhaGMNacTaMg 5 enAPMeBj :nebIkGg<RbCMu rZIVkargar er[bcM Gnra
:tukmmYy:nRtUver[bcMeLIg edIm|Iez,aleTaselak ex[v sMpn CasaZarN;.
Kmn rbsGg<kar shRbCaCati . Gg<RbCMu reb[beenH ecHEtmanCahUrEh
beJjkMhwg rbseK GMBI karEdlrbbExrRkhm :nkabsmabRbCaCnExr
ZacRmuH nbNaRbeTsEdlRtUveZIVGnraKmn :nrYmRbCMuKaeZIVkickar yagmma
BYk:tukrxH :nnaMKa vayelakex[v sMpn rhUtdlEbkk|alecjQam edIm|I
kalBI qaM 1975_1979 . ebIkMuEtkmaMg rbselak h)un Esn eZIVGnra
KmnTan elakex[v sMpn RbEhlCaRtUvBYk :tukr ykeTAsmabecal :t

eTAehIy.
eyageTA
tamGkseg,tkarNxH
:tukmenH
:nRtUver[bcMeLIg
edayKNbkS RbCaCn buEn edayman karBuHkeRJalxaMgeBk enAeBlenaH
eKk*:rmxacminGacTbTlnwg karvivtn rbsva:n . eRkay bTvehtuenH

bnic ex[v sMpn :nseRmc RtLbeTA TIRkug:gkk vij.
BIrzeRkay Gg<RbCMu RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxsnaz 3 Z enA :taya
eJlKW enAz 5 Z semc neratm sIhnu RTg:nEzgza ; sm&nPaB rvag
KNbkS
hVnsIunebc
nwg
KNbkSRbCaCn
minGac
kayeTACardaPi
:lcRmuH munkare:Heqat:neT eRJHRBHGg<TukciteTAelI elak h)un Esn Et

50
PaKrybueNaH.
rkeXIjksar
RtUveKvaykMeTc.
enAz
mYycMnYn
ZenaHg
enARbeTskmCa
enAkgkariyal&yExrRkhm
tamry;ksarenaH
eK:ndwgza
GkkaEst:n
enAPMeBjEdl:n
BYkExrRkhmenA
PMeBj
ep\Ir:ykarNCaer]y> eTA bul Bt. enA z 13 Z GkdwknaMExrRkhm :n

185
bnabmkeT[t ehIy:nBRgIkdleTA 11 RbeTs. enA z 28 Z Rkumeya

jwk ehIyenAz 30 Z RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs k* ebIkGg<RbCMurbs eKEdr.
smaCikTaMgGs nRkumRbwkSa:ncUlrYm ehIy:n GMJvnav Capvkar oGg<kar
shRbCaCati bJn ebskCn nana rbsxn omker[bcM GPiRkm sniPaB

enA kmCa.
yuTsaRs rbselak
h)un Esn enAeBlEdl
Gg<kar shRbCaCati cabepImcUl

mkeZIVGnraKmn enAqaM 1992
La stratgie de Hun Sn au dbut

de lintervenrion de lO.N.U. en 1992
186
enAedImqaM
1992
enAeBlEdlGg<kar
shRbCaCati
cabepImeZIV
GnraKmn enAkmCa rdaPi:l rbs elak h)un Esn riHrkRKbmeZa:y

edIm|Ikatbny
Edlelak
Ca
TiBl
sIum
rbs
nig
PaKIExrepSg>eT[t.
elak
h)un
Esn
buEn
KWenAeBlenaHEdr
deNImTiBlKa
sUmkt
sMKalza enAcenaHqaM 1979_1980 KwenAeBlEdlkgT&Bev[tNam cabepIm
BRgwgvtman nkgT&B rbseK enAelI TwkdIExr elak Ca sIum EdlCaemdwk
naMkarbHe:r RbqaMg nwg bul Bt enAkgRsuk :nRtUvTIRkughaNUy sak

l|g dkhUtecjBIGMNac ehIydakelak Ebn suvN CMnYsvij. elakEbn
suvN EdlCaGkts)UCamYyGg<karev[tmij enA GMLgqaM195031 ehIyEdl
eRkaykicRBmeRB[g TIRkughSWENv qaM 1954 :nRtUvbJn eTARbeTsev[t
Nam. enAqaM 1979_1980 TMnas rvag elak Ebn suvN nig elak Ca
sIum :nCRmujo TIRkughaNUy bJreCIg elak Ca sIum Etmg. buEn
bnabBI mankarts)UpkgyagxaMg rvag GkdwknaMTaMgBIrenH elak Ebn suvN

k*RtUvTIRkughaNUy dkhUtGMNac ehIy nireTs eTARbeTsev[tNam enAz
4 Z qaM 1981 bnabBI:nkanmuxtMENg CaGK<elxaZikarbkS RbCaCnbdivt
kmCa nig CanaykrdmRnI n rbb saZarNrdRbCamanitukmCa KaMRT
eday ev[tNam . mageT[t elak Ebn suvN k*dUcCa elak Ca sIumEdr

suTEtCaGkEdl:nsakl|g erIbRmasecjBInwm GaNaniKmnrbs RbeTs
ev[tNam. GtItExrev[tmijmakeT[t KW elak can sIu :nRtUvEtgtaMgdak
CMnYs elak Ebn suvN CanaykrdmRnI. buEn bnabBI elak can sIu
TTYlmrNPaB
qaM 1985.
32
elak h)un Esn :nTTYlmuxtMENgenH enAz 14 mkra
enAcenaH qaM 1985_1991 elak Ca sIum deNImGMNac
min:nvijesaH KW :nRtwm rttamelak h)un Esn nig Gkts)U mkBIhaNUy

nig GkCMnaneRkayEdlelak h)un Esn nig TIRkughaNUy:nGbrM nig o
buNski CabnbnabmkeT[tEtbueNaH. elaknaykrdmRnIh)un Esn :npSH

pSaRkumkumynis bdibkTaMgBIr
33
RBmTaMgRkumepSg>eT[t
34
ehIy rYmrsCa
mYyKarhUt dl qaM1990 . buEn elak Ca sIum vil mkrkTItaMgrbs elak

enAcenaH qaM 1978-1979 dEdl. enAqaM 1990 enAeBlEdlelak h)un
Esn kMBugman muxmat enAkgkarcrca CamYysemc neratm sIhnu elak Ca

sIum k*Kan tYnaTIGVIsMxanEdr eRkABImaneQaHza Ca GktacaMRsuk makEdl
man kareKarB d*xgxs BIsMNak bkS RbCaCn nig elak h)un Esn.
karRbyuTdeNImTiBlKa edayminecjmux rvag elak h)un Esn nig elak
32
elak can sIu EdlCMnYselak Ebn suvN bnab BI elakEbn suvN
RtUvdkhUtrcjBIGMNac :nRtUvEtgtaMgCapvkarCa naykrdmRnI edayGg<RbCMu
rdsPa EdlebIk sm&yRbCMu BIz 5 dl z 11 kum; qaM 1982 . elak

TTYlmrNPaB enAz 31 Z qaM 1984 enAmnIreBT TIRkugmUs< .
33
KW Rkum GtItExrRkhm TisbUJ( ( esa Pwm, ehg sMrwn, Ca sIum, G)uk
b)uneZ]n .l. ) nig RkummkBI RbeTsev[tNam ( Ebn suvN, Ca suT, rs

31
elak Ebn suvN :neZVIkarts)U kgclna
sSr ;enAcenaHqaM 1949_
1954. elak :ncUl CasmaCik n bkSkumynisNcin

1951.
187
(P.C.I.) enAqaM
sam, Lay samun .l. ) .

34
dUcCa RkumekaHkug (say PUzg, ca er[g, eT[ :j .l. ) nig
RkumTissan rbs b)U zg, sWy Ekv CaedIm .

188
Ca sIum enAeBlGnraKmn rbsGg<kar shRbCaCati enAEtman bnmkeT[t.
17 mkraqaM 1992 dEdlenaH BYkExrRkhm :nsakl|gbJnExr enACuMrMu
eRsceTAehIy. enA z 31 mkra qaM 1992 edIm|I sakl|g eKcoput BI
kgRbeTskmCa . buEn kickarenH :nTTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug .
buEn elak h)un Esn :nkayeTACamnusSxaMg EtmakKt n rdkmCa rYc
karRtYtBinit BIGg<kar GaRbUnuc ( A.P.R.O.N..U.C.) ehIy edIm|IeRbITiBl

rbs PaKImageT[tpgEdr elak h)un Esn :nbJl jtivgSanuvgS rbs
semc neratm sIhnu mkkgrdaPi:l rbs elak KW rdaPi:l munkare:H

eqat . enAeBlenaH RBHGg<mascRkBgS buRt mYyGg< rbs semc neratm
sIhnu
35
:n RtUvEtgtaMg CabnaykrdmRnI ehIyRBHGg<maskSRtI neratm
bu:eTvI36 RBHraCbuRtImYyGg<eT[t :nTTYltYnaTICaGnurdmRnI bnabmk Ca rd

mRnI RksYgvb|Zm(. edIm|Isak l|gbnrbriyakas CamYy elak Ca sIum
elak s exg EdlCajati xagelak Ca sIum k* :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa b

naykrdmRnIEdr. yuTviZIenH rbs elakh)un Esn enAkgtMNakkarTI 1 KW
QaneqaHeTArk karRbmUlkmaMg nig TiBl CamYysemc neratm sIhnu o
GUrRtav cMnYn RbmaN 1 muWn 7 Jn 6 ry nak (17 000 nak) mkrayKa
sPaBkarN n KNbkSneya:y
nana munkare:HeqatesrI elIkdMbUg bgs
er[bcM eday G. s. b. enAqaM 1993
Situation des partis politiques avant

les premires lections libres organises par
lO.N.U. en 1993
enAz 21 mkra qaM 1992 enAeBlEdlelak GakasIu GktMNag
:nsin ehIy bnabmk eka KUPaKIepSg> eT[t dUcCa rNsirrMedaHBl
Biess n GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati GeJIjmkeZIV TsSnkic enA
Gg<mas neratm rN#Ti nig BYkExrRkhm Rkum bul Bt_eG[gsarI CaedIm .
omnusS 21 nak:tbgCIvit. Gg<kar mIeRbnuc rbs Gg<kar shRbCa Cati
rdExr rbselak sWn san bkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc dwknaM edayRBH
kmCa kgT&BExrRkhm :neZIVkarvayRbharmYyd*ZM enAExRtkMBgZM bNal
enAcMeJHmux yuTviZIenH rbs elak h)un Esn BYkExrRkhm xag bul Bt
Edlman
ebskkmer[bckare:Heqat
enAkmCa
:nbJn
Gg<PaBeyaZa
Kan CeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIrMelaPeTAelIkicRBmeRB{gQb:jKaenaHeT. enAz
mYyeTAbRg,ab. enAeBlenaH RbCaCnenAExRtkMBgZM RbmaN 1
35
Qb:jKaenH BIsMNak PaKIExrRkhm maneKaledAeZIV karKabsg,t oman
RBHGg<mascRkBgS RbsUtenAz 21 Ex tula qaM 1945 CabuRt rbs
semc neratm sIhnu CamYyRBHGg<mas sIusuvti BgSanmunI (26 mizuna

1929 _ 1974) .
36
RBHGg<maskSRtI neratm bu:eTvI RbsUtenAz 8 mkra qaM 1943 Ca buRtI
rbssemcneratm sIhnu CamYyGkmagkJl (1920 _

189
1968) .
mWunnak naMKa
ObbegVcrtecjBI karRbyuT saCazIeT[t . karrMelaP eTAelI kicRBmeRB{g

karplGMNac o:nkanEteRcInEzmeT[t dlsemc
neratm sIhnu enAkg
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs. enAz 6 kum; qaMdEdlenaH BYkExrRkhm :nrYm
RbCMuKa enAblin. eKaledA KWnaMKaebCa\ cit minRBmGnuvt kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug
:rIs. bul Bt :neZIVsnrkzamYy edIm|ICRmuj oExrRkhm eZIVGVIRKbEbb
190
yag edIm|I GukLk karGnuvtn kicRBm eRB{gsniPaB. enAedImqaM 1992 enaH
mas neratm rN#Ti :nRtUvEtgtaMg CaRbZaneBjlkN; ehIyEdllk
suvN GtItnaykrdmRnI nrbb saZarNrdRbCamanitu kmCa :nRtLb
KW enAz 28 kum;enA TIRkugjIvyk enaHvij RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar sh
zbnabmk KWenAz 28 mkra elak Guwg pn EdlCamitmakrbs elak h)un
RbCMu :nsRmcza nwgeZIVyagNa Gnuvt karQb:jKa o:nsBVRKbenA z
eKseg,teXIjman RBwtikarN sMxan>mYycMnYn. enAz 26 mkra elak Ebn
BIev[tNam mkrsnA kmCa kgExRttaEkv RsukkMeNIt ebselakvij. 2

Esn :nRtUv eKbunbgeZIVXat eRJHEt:nriHKn GMeBI BukrlYy rbsGkdwknaM
GtIt rbbkumynis kngmk. elak Guwg pn :nEzgza ; GtItCnkumynis

TaMgenaH
:nkayeTACa
mhaesdI
kum;
tmesnIy
saksu)t
nl
ehIyEdleRkaymk
manR:krabJnlan.
saxn
enAJkkNalEx
:nvilRtLbmkTIRkugPMeBj.
elak
saks)ut saxn CaGtItembJakar kgT&BExr kalCMnan tmesnIy ln

:neZIVkarts)UenAkgCYr
rNsirrMedaHBlrdExr
nik; epSg> RBmTaMgkmviZI neya:y mYy:nRtUvGnum&t . mYyz bnabmk
RbCaCati :nGnum&t EpnkarmYy sRmabGnuvt kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs. Gg<
31 sPa ehIyseRmc bJnkgT&B cMnYn 70 PaKry CaelIkdMbUg o
:nmunz 30 kJa. rIkare:Heqat RtUvRbRBwteTA yagyUrbMput enAExsPa
qaM 1993. tamkarRbemIemIlTukCamun nUvbsK< kgkarGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{g

TIRkug:rIs
eKeXIjman
bsK<EtmYybueNaH
KW
karmincUlrYmcMENk
BI
sMNakExrRkhm. ebIeKBinitemIl sPaBkarNenAeBlenaH eKseg,teXIj
za KNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc manlkN;RKbRKan edIm|IRbQmmux nwg
rbs elak sWn san . enAeBlmanTMnas CamYyelak sWn san elak
GtItKNbkSkimynis eRJHGkbeg,ItclnaenH Casemc neratm sIhnu rI
niym .
RBHGg< pgeT[t.
sak s)ut saxn :nsakl|gbeg,ItKNbkSmYymaneQaHza KNbkSesrI
KW enAExkum;enaHehIy EdlBYkExrRkhm beg,In karRbyuT rbsBYk
eKyagxaMgkaenAExRtkMBgZM. ExrRkhm :nRbkasminRBmeZIVshkar CamYy
kgT&B mIeRbnuc rbsGg<kar shRbCaCati ehIy minRBmo kgT&BsniPaB

enH cUlmkkgtMbn EdleK kankabeLIy.
enAcMeJHmux karminRBmeZIVshkarenH BIsMNak RkumExrRkhm semc
neratm sIhnu :nyageTAeZIVTsSnkic enAblin enAz 27 kum;. RBHGg<
RTgman RBHraCbnl enAeBlenaHza RtUvEteKarB kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIso

:n 100 PaKry. enAzdEdlenaH enA rMCag enaHvij KW tMbnmYy rbs
GkKaMRT semc neratm sIhnu clna raCaniym hV)n sIunebc :nebIkGg<
RbCMumYy
edIm|IERbkay
clnaraCaniymenH
eTACa
KNbkSneya:ymYy
RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti EdlCaGkdwknaMclna enH k*CaRBHraCbuRt rbs
ebskkm 7 yag rbs

Gg<kar GaRbUnuc
Les sept missions de lA.P.R.O.N.U.C.

enAz 28 kum;qaM 1992 RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati
:nGnum&t Cakcn nUv esckIseRmccitmYy elx 745 sIBI karbeg,It
GaC\aZrbeNaHGasnmYy enAkgRbeTskmCa . GaC\aZrenH EdlmanQaH Ca
eBjlkN;. KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlGkdwknaM kgT&BraCaniym KW RBHGg<

191
192
GkSrkatza GaRbUnuc (A.P.R.O.N.U.C.)
TTYlbnker[bcM omansniPaB vij
EsgecjeLIg ehIybJaEdlecaTeLIgZM CageK enAeBlenaH KwkarminRBm
kgT&BmYkex[v cMnYn1 muWn 5 Jn 9 rynak nwg RtUvbJneTARsukExr . ebI
rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati edaytsMc . enAkgGg<RbCMu RkumRbwkSaCati
37
enAkmCa ehIyer[bcMkare:HeqatedayesrI edIm|IQaneTAbeg,It sPaZmnuJ.
KitTaMgkgeyaZa kgnKr:l nig GkeZVIkar sIuvilpg KW manTaMgGs 2 mWun 2
cUlrYmcMENk BIsMNakExrRkhmEdleZIV karvayRbhar GukLk GnraKmn

Can xs naz 8 kk,da PaKI Exr Rkhm :nbJakmgeT[tza eKBMuRBmGnuvt
Jnnak . rI ebskkm KWmanParkic R:MBIryag xus> BIKa KW ? 1) tRmUv o
kicRBmeRB{gCadacxat. bnabBIkarRbyuT CamYykgT&B rdkmCa enAz 18
enAEx sPa qaM 1993 _ 3) Zana dMeNIrkareyaZa rd:lsIuvil nig
kgT&BExrRkhm :neZIVkarvayluk cUleTAkgExRtRBHviharEtmg. enAz 3
mankareKarBsTimnusS _ 2) er[bcMkare:HeqatedayesrI o:nyagyUr bMput
nKr:l KW EpnkarEdl elak b)URtUs_b)URtUsh,alI
38
:neRKagTukCaeRsc
_ 4) karTTYlbnk er[bcM matuPUminivtn n CneP[ssRg<am cMnYnRbmaN 36

muWn nak nig GkEdlRtUveKbrTIkEng cMnYnRbEhl 17 muWnnak. TwkR:k
sRmabeZIV GnraKmnenH kgry;eBl 15 Ex KW 1 Jn 8 ry 70 landular

39
GnraKmn enH CakarGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs EdlcuHhtelxa
mizuna
deNImyk
zlCati
elx
12
EdlcgPabkMBgZM
nwg
RBHvihar
sIha RbeTs z minRBmRbkas bJbkarrksIu rvag shRKaszmYycMnYn
nigBYkExr RkhmeT. RbeTscin :nesIoTIRkug:gkkylRBmBRgwgGMNac
rbs RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs. enAz 4 sIha GkkarTUtcinmak :neTACYb
bul Bt edaysmat buEn ExrRkhm minRBmbnnriyabz dEdl.
eTaHCaBYkExrRkhm Rbkanriyabz rwgrus yagNakI k*tmesnIy sun
enAz 23 tula qaM 1991. elak b)URtUs_b)URtUs h,alI :nbJak ehIy
EDrsun n kgT&B GaRbUnuc enAEtmanCMen]za elaknwg GaceZIVyagNa o
eBjTMhwg BIsMNak Gkneya:yExr nig eTAelI KUPaKI TaMgGsEdlCab
RbCMu RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs enAes[mrab elak GakasIu GktMNag elak
ExrylRBm
ExrRkhmminylRBmk*eday . cabBI z 17 sIha KNbkSneya:y nana
bJakeT[tza ; eCaKC&y nGnraKmnenH EpkTaMgRsugeTAelI karshkar d*
ExrRkhm Gnuvt kicRBmeRB{g sniPaB:nEdr . enA z 5 sIha enAkgGg<
JkB&n. GtbT n esckIseRmccitelx 745 enaH k*:nesIsMu oGaC\aZr
GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati :nRbkas oeRbIc|abe:Heqat eTaHbI
CakMhitmun karcuHeQaHe:Heqat . enAqaM 1992 enaH RBwtkarNCaeRcIn :n
:nsakl|gnaMKa
37
beg,It
rMsaykgT&BrbseK
TaMgGspgEdr.
kickarenHRtUveZIVo:n
Autorit Provisoire de lOrganisation des Nations Unies au Cambodge
( GaC\aZr beNaHGasn n Gg<kar shRbCaCati enA kmCa).

38
Boutros-Boutros Ghali (eQaHelak GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati
enAeBlenaH ).
39
cuHeQaH
CabeNaHGasn
edIm|IcUlRbkYtRbECgkg
kare:Heqat ehIy enA z 22 sIha RbeTsz nig RbeTsCbun :nesI sMuo

rcnasm&n
rd:lmYy
Edlman
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs
Ca
Gk
RKbRKg. elak ex[v sMpn xagPaKIExrRkhm BMu:nRcanecal sMeNIenH eT.

enAkgkarer[bcMoman
sniPaBeLIgvij
enAkmCa
manbJamYyecaTeLIg?
enAkgesckIseRmccit rbs RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati eKt
manniyay BIkare:HeqateRCIstaMgRbZanaZibtIeT eTaHbImankartva BIRbeTs
1, 87 milliard de dollars
193
194
cinkI. enAqaM 1992 enaH eTaHbI Gg<kar shRbCaCati cuHZIV GnraKmn eTA
ehIykI
k*Gsnisux ekItmaneLIg tQbQr .
cUlmkdlqaM 1993 briyakas GnisuxenAEtdEdl . enA z 11 mkra
qaM 1993 elak GakasIu :nEzgza ; karbeg,ItlkN;neya:yGBaRkwt

EdlcaM:c sRmabeZIVkare:Heqat BMuTanGaceZIV:nenAeLIyeT. karlYcsmab
smaCik KNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc ecHEtekItmaneLIgCahUrEh. enAz
18
mkraRBHGg<mas
neratm
:nnaMmux:tukmRKYsarCnrgeRKaH
rN#Ti
edIm|RbqaMg
RbZanKNbkS
nwg
hVnsIunebc
XatkmTaMgLayenaH
RBHGg< :necaT elak h)un Esn elak Ca sIum nig GPi:lExRt:tdMbg za

CaGkEdlnaM omaner]gEbbenH.
TItaMg rbs ExrRkhm enAqaM 1992 La

position des Khmers rouges en 1992
enAeBlEdl Gg<kar shRbCaCati eZIVGnraKmn enA RbeTskmCa BYk
ExrRkhm EdlmanGktMNagrbseK 2 rUb enAkg RkumRbwkSaCati Canxs
EbrCaRbqaMg nwg GnraKmnenH eTAvij . mUlehtu nriyabzenH EckecjCa
eRcInkta buEn
ktaEdlsMxanCageK KW
karEdlBYkeKRtUv:tbgGMNacTaMg
Gs enAeBle:Heqat. minEtbueNaHesat eKGacnwgRtUvbJnxneTAo tula

karkateTas BIbTRbl&yBUCsasnEzmeT[t . eTaHbI eKRtUvRbQmmux nwg
shKmn GnrCati TaMgmUlkI ehIy eTaHbIRbeTs cin:nbryuTsaRs rbs
eKeTAehIykI k*BYkExrRkhmTaMgenaH KanCeRmIs GVIeT[t eRkABIbnkarRbyuT
rbseKeT . tamkarBiteTA ExrRkhm RtUvrlMrlay taMgBIcugqaM 1978 mk

eNaH buEn enAeBlEdl kgT&Bev[tNam vayluk mkkgTwkdIExr enAqaM
195
1979 edayman bEgkZMmhima BIshPaB sUev[t edIm|IcUlmkvayrMlM rbb

ExrRkhm EdlmanRbeTscin CabEgk RbeTsmYycMnYn n smaKmRbCaCati
GasIuGaeKy
ehA
Gas)an
Ca
BiessRbeTsz
mankarPitP&yyagxaMg
xacERkgshPaBsUev[t BRgIk TiBlmk dlRbeTsrbseK EzmeT[t .

RbeTsTaMgenaH EdlCasm&n mit rbsRbeTscin pg nig shrd Gaemrikpg
RtUvbgMcitBRgwgkgT&B rbs ExrRkhm eLIgvij edIm|IeZIVkarTbTl nwgev[t
Nam CaBiess nwg shPaB sUev[t Etmg. rI shrd Gaemrik EdlCa

dKU bdibk rbs sUev[t enAsm&yenaH k*RtUvcUlrYmcMENk kgkarTbTlenH
Edr . buEn edayExrRkhm :nRtUv mtiGnrCati ez,aleTasBI bTsmabRbCa

Cng Cit 2 lannak enAeBlEdlBYkeK kanGMNac enAqaM 1975_1979
eKk* beg,ItrNsirmYy d*ZMEtmg edaymankarcUlrYmcMENk BIkmaMg nig nina
kar
neya:yepSg>eT{t dUcCa clnaraCaniym nig clna GkRbCaZib
etyCaedIm. eTaHCayagenHkI k* kmaMgkgT&BExrRkhm dwknaMeday bul Bt

enAEtCa kmaMgRbyuT ZMCageK dEdl . enAeBlEdl shPaB sUev[t rlM
rlayeTA GkEdlKaMRT RkumExrRkhmenH k*KanRbeyaCnGVIeT[t nwg BRgwg
kmaMgExrRkhmbneTAeT[tEdr. saCazImgeT[t BYkExrRkhmRtUvvileTArkPaB

maskar rbseKvij . RbeTscinkumynis k*RtUvbJbsRg<am enAkmCa
Edr edayeyageTA tamkal;eTs;zI eJlKWkarERbRbYl n karRbECgkmaMg

enAkgtMbn . eTaHCayagenHkI eTaHCaev[tNam nig cinRtUv CanaKa vijkI
k*TIRkugebkaMg enAEtminTukcitTIRkughaNUydEdl . dUcenH eKRtUvEt rkSa
kmaMgenH kgRbeTskmCabneTAeT[t eTaHbICaRtUvbJb ralskmPaBRbyuT

RTgRTayZM sinkI .
snisIT GnrCati enAExkk,da qaM 1989 enA TIRkug:rIs :nxNbJb
GZikrN rvag RbeTscin EdlmanTiBlZMenAkgtMbn nigshPaB sUev[t.

196
2 qaMeRkaymk kiceRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs qaM 1991 tRmUvo KUPaKIExr Qb
RbyuTKabneTAeT[t . edIm|Ier[bcM omansniPaB eLIgvij enA kmCa Gg<kar
shRbCaCati k*cuHmkeZIVGnraKmnenAqaM 1992 ehIyer[bcMkare:Heqat eday
briyakas munkare:Heqat qaM 1993

Avant les lections de 1993
esrI tamEbbbT lTiRbCaZibetybsimRbeTs . buEnkicRBmeRB{gd*sMxan
enH EbrCahucpleRcIn eTAoRbeTskumynis enAkgtMbneTAvij. edIm|I rkSa

TiBl GnutrPaB rbseK enARbeTskmCa oenA dEdl CaBiess edIm|I
TbTl kMuobsimRbeTs cUlmkBRgIkTiBl rbseK:nvij RbeTscin nig
RbeTsev[tNam EdlCaKURbECgKa enAkgkardeNImyk RbeTskmCa RtUv

BRgwgkUnGukcas rbseK vijer[g>xn . enAkgdMNakkarTI1 semc neratm
sIhnu KaMRTedayRbeTscin RtUvcabd CacaM:c CamYyelak h)un Esn KaM

RTedayev[tNam
buEn
karkMNttulPaB
rvag
TIRkuugebkaMg
nigTIRkug
haNUy enAkgRbeTskmCa enAEtsitenA Ca bJa Bi:kdEdl. ExrRkhm

xag bul Bt_eG[g sarI RtUvxitxMeZIVyagNa bny TiBl rbs rbb rd
kmCa dwknaMeday elak h)un Esno:n . sRg<ameyaZa :nRtUvbJb
k*BitEmn buEnExrRkhm RtUveZIVyagNa BRgwgTiBl rbs semc neratm
sIhnu sinEdr. KwenAkgn&yenHehIy Edl ExrRkhm RtUvGukLk GnraKmn
rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati ehIy bg,bkmaMg rbseK enAkgtMbnsMxan> .

ExrRkhm yleXIj enAeBlenaH za ebskkm rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati
man ry;eBlEt 18 Ex bueNaH. dUcenHeKGacnwgbn vtman rbseK enA

kmCadEdl edIm|ITbTl nwg TiBl rbs ev[tNam enAkmCa CaBiess
enAkg krNIEdlev[tNam manbEgkmYy zIeT[t enA eBlGnaKt . eTaHCa
yagNakI enAcMeJHmux RbeTskumynis TaMg 2 enH RtUvrkSasamK<IPaBKa
o:nsinEdr KWedIm|IrbQmmux nwgkmaMgepSg>eT[t CaBiess karvilmkvij

n Gkneya:yExr Edlman ninakar bsimRbeTs .
197
RBwtikarN TaMgbunan EdlEsgecjeLIg enAqaM 1992 KW enAeBl
EdlGg<kar
shRbCaCati
er[bcMkare:Heqat
edayesrI
bJakoeXIjza
xagPaKI rdkmCa eKenAEtrkSaeRb{b rbseK bnmkeT[t . KanPaKIExrNa
mYy xag rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCaRbCaZibety (G.C.K.D.) GacykeRb{beTAelI
:neT. mageT[t kmaMgRbqaMg rbsBYkExrRkhm dwknaMeday bul Bt k*

BMu:nRKbdNb eTAelI RbeTskmCa TaMgmUl:nEdr . eTaHCayagenHkI kar
sMxan KW kare:Heqatbeg,It sPaZmnuJ nig rdsPao:nsin . enHCapv
EtmYyKt sRmabxNbJbTMnas BieBlmun . tamkarBiteTA tYGg< Edl
sMxanCageK enAeBlenaH KW semc neratm sIhnu nig elak h)un Esn Et

bueNaH. buEnsaCazImgeT[t eKseg,teXIjza semc neratm sIhnu Edl
CaGkbeg,It clna raCaniym hVnsIunebc EbrCa BMucgo clnaenH Edl

dwknaM edayRBHGg<masneratm rN#Ti CaRBHraCbuRt TTYlC&yCMnHEtmak g
enAkgkare:HeqateTAvij.
eKenAcaM:nza
kalBIz
15
vicikaqaM
1991
enAeBlEdl GktMNagRbeTs nig rdaPi:lcMnYnCag 30 :nmk RbKl

sartaMg
enAcMeJHmux
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs
EdltMNagGZibety
RbeTskmCa PaKIExrRkhm :neZIVkarGMJvnav sMuoKNbkS hVnsIunebc

nig KNbkS rNsirCati rMedaHBlrdExr rbs elak sWn san rYbrYmKa
enAkgkare:Heqat. buEnenAz 16 vicika enAeBlEdl semc neratm sIhnu

Ezgsunrkza
enAcMeJHmuxRbCaCnExr
RBHGg<RTg:nbeJj
tRmuyodwgza
RBHGg<R:zacg oKNbkS raCaniym hVnsIunebc rYbrYmCamYy KNbkS
RbCaCn eTAvij. RBHGg<:nEzgCaGaT za ; RBHGg<masrN#Ti nig elak

198
h)un Esn CakUnBIr rbs RBHGg< . enAz 23 vicika qaM 1991 dEdl enaH
TaMgGs mancMnYn 338 krNI ehIy karcabmnusS mancMnYn 114 krNI.
er[bcMbeg,It rdaPi:lcRmuHmYy rvag KNbkS raCaniym hVnsIun ebc nig
cMnYnGk
semc
neratm
sIhnu
RTg:nR:b
odwgRtg>
Etmgza
nwgman
kar
eTaHCayagenHkI k*RbCaCnExrnaMKa eTAe:HeqatyagKRKwkKeRKgKW 90 %

Edl:ncuHeQaH
e:Heqat
KNbkSraCaniym
hVnsIun
GtItKNbkSkumynisExr KW KNbkSRbCaCn . enA eBlenaH elak sWn
ebc :nTTYl 45 % n snwkeqat KWw QHbkSRbCaCn Edl:nRtwm 38
bIzbnabmk KWenAz 26 vicika kariyal&y n RbZan RkumRbwkSaCati Can
bkS RbCaCn :n 51 Gasn;. KNbkS rbselak sWn san KW rN
RbkasCapvkarza semc neratm sIhnu CaRbmuxrdRsbc|ab nig eBjsiTi
esrIniym BuTsasna taMgBI z 21 sPaqaM 1992 mk :nTTYl 10
san enAEtcatTukza RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs Ca rdaPi:lEtmYyKtdEdl.

xs :necjpSayesckI CUndMNwgmYyR:bodwgza KUPaKIExrTaMg 4 :n
% bueNaH. ebIKitCaGasn; KNbkS hVnsIunebc :n 58 Gasn; KN

sir CatirMedaHBlrdExr Edl:nERbeQaHmk CaKNbkS RbCaZibety
nRbeTskmCa taMgBIqaM 1960 mk. kare:HeqatedayesrIer[bcMeLIg eday
Gasn; .
. RbCaCnExr CaeRcIn :ncUlrYme:HeqatEtgtaMg sPaZmnuJ KW 89, 56 %
rdaPi:l k|alBIr eRkaykar
Gg<kar shRbCaCati :nRbRBwteTAenAz 23 rhUtdlz 28 sPaqaM 1993

ehIyenH eTaHbImankarKMramkMEhg BIsMNakExrRkhmkI. sUmkt sMKalza
enAeBl er[bcM kare:Heqat Ca RbvtisaRs enH briyakas man sPaB
GabGY
RkElg
xagCYrKNbkS
raCaniym
hVnsIunebc
GkEdl
RtUveKeZIVXat man cMnYnRbmaN 30 nak. Exr RkhmEdlZabl|Il|aj xag
e:Heqat qaM 1993
Le gouvernement bicphale
aprs les lections de 1993
GMeBIEbbenH :nRtUveKecaTRbkanza CaGkeZIVGMeBIXatkm TaMgGsenaH. Tnwm
enaHEdr kariyal&y e:Heqat CaeRcIn:nRtUvvayRbharGukLk ehIy Gkbk

ERbPasa mYycMnYn :nRtUveKsmabecal. snwkeqat EdleKcatTukza min
RtwmRtUv tameKalkarN :nRtUveKlYcykkMeTcecalGs. karKMramkMEhg
tamrUbPaB ecjmux k* maneRcInNasEdr . kUnsisS nig RKUbeRg{n :nRtUv
eK kMEhgza sJabRt rbsBYkeK nwg :tsuBlPaB ebIeKseg,teTA eXIj
za enAkgPUmi sg,at rbseK manGke:HeqatxusTis. enAkgry;eBl 2 Ex
cugeRkay nyuTnakareXasnae:Heqat GMeBIhwgSa mankRmitxsCaGtibrma.

GkEdl:nRtUveKeZIVXat mancMnYn 200 nak. karvayRbharepSg> Kit srub
199
enAz 10 mizuna qaM 1993 elak GakasIu GktMNag GK<elxaZikar
Gg<kar shRbCaCati Rbkasza; kare:Heqat:nRbRBwteTA edayesrI nig
Rsb eTAtamKtiyutiZm( . buEnedayKNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc :n
TTYlC&yCMnH GtItKNbkSkumynis eJlKW KNbkS RbCaCn EbrCa

Rbkas minTTYls<al lTpl n kare:HeqateTAvij. mYyzbnabmk Exr
Rkhm eRkamkardwknaM rbs bul Bt :n RbkasTTYls<allTpl n

kare:Heqat ehIyEzmTaMg GMJvnav osmab GkdwknaM 6 nak n KNbkS
RbCaCn pgeT[t.
dUecHeXIjza
taMgBIqaM
200
1952
mk CaBiess
taMgBI
eBlEdlRsukExrZakeTAkgPksRg<am Gsry;eBl 20 qaMmk karGnuvtn
ev[tNamEdr. enAkgyuTsaRs rbselak h)un Esn k*dUcCa rbs ev[t
ehtu enAqaM 1993 KW bNalmkBI KNbkS RbCaCn Edlman rcna sm&n
bkS RbCaCn Edlman elak h)un Esn CamnusSxaMg cg:n semc sIhnu
eKalkarN RbCaZibety enAkmCa CakarmYy d*Bi:kBneBkRk. rI mUl

rbseK
yagrwgmaM
enAkgRbeTs
catTukza
KNbkS
nanaeT[t
RKan
EtCaKNbkSsRmabyk eTAeZVICa rNb rbseK EtbueNaH . GVIEdlsMxan
cMeJHBYkeK KWtYGg<semcneratm sIhnu EtmYyGg< bueNaHeT . k*buEn KN
Nam semc neratm sIhnu CaktamYyd*sMxan . niyaymYyEbbeT[t KN

buEn mincg:n GkKaMRTRBHGg<eT . munkare:Heqat semc neratm sIhnu
k*ylBIeKalbMNgenH rbs elak h)un EsnEdr buEn RBHGg<ylza RBHGg<
GacnwgRKbdNbeTAelI elak h)un Esn :n eJlKW El|g cck cas nig
bkS RbCaCn CaBiess Rkumelak h)un Esn palEtmg k*BMucgRbKl
cckekg. eTaHCayagenHkI k*enAeBlxH RBHGg< mankgVlxaMg NasEdr .
RkumeKbueNaH.
sIhnu RTg:nktsMKalza ; kgnamRBHGg< CaRbZanRkum RbwkSaCatiCanxs
GMNacGVImYy zVayeTARBHGg<Edr KWRKanEt TuksRmabeZVICa rnaMg ZmanurUb rbs
RbCaCn
cMeJHKNbkSraCaniym
catTukza
sankarN*Edr.
buEn
Kanrcnasm&n
enAcMeJHmux
hVnsIunebcvij
RKbRKan
KNbkS
k*
KN
sRmabRbQmmux
RbCaCn
bkS
nwg
RtUvriHrkRKbmeZa
enAkgRBHraCsarmYy CUnRbCaCnExr cuHz 7 mkraqaM 1993 semc neratm
RbeTskmCa
RBHGg<
KanGMNacGVIeT
RBHGg<RKanEtCaGaygmYyEdl
eKcRmajykTiBlsIlZm( nig RbCaRbiyPaBEtbueNaHehIyenHKW edIm|Ipl
:yedIm|IbM:ksartI bM:ttYnaTI n crnenH enAkgRbvtisaRs oTalEt:n
nUvZmanurUb nig PaBRsbc|ab eTAoesckIseRmcepSg> EdlPaKeRcIn man
:yenAEtecaTdEdl . mYyvijeT[t cMeJHRkum elak h)un Esn RkumraCa
Canxs rbs Cati matuPUmi rbseyIgpgeT[t .
edayehtuza eTaHbIev[tNam dkkgT&BeTAehIykI k* bJa PUmisaRs_neya

niymenHGac nwg kayeTACabEgkmYyd*sMxan
rbssemc neratm
sIhnu
lkN;pyRsLHBI:vcna eshaCati rbsRBHGg< ehIypyBI sarRbeyaCn
eTaHbI RBHGg<eQVgylza Rkumelak h)un Esn man eRb{beTAelI
EdlCakUnGuk rbscin. mYyEpkeT[t RBHGg<masrN#Ti Gacnwg naMoman
RBHGg<kI k*RBHGg<KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIsRmb
pvEdlsemc neratm sIhnu RtUvraMgs,atoTan eTaHCaRtUve:Hbg KNbkS
EdlTIRkugebkaMg nig TIRkughaNUy RtUvrUvKa CabeNaHGasneLIgvij. dUc
karERbRbYl karRbECgkmaMg enAkgtMbn edayEbreTArkbsimRbeTsEtmg KW
hVnsIunebc rbs RBHGg< ecalkI . RbeTskumynis TaMgBIrenH eZVIGVI
rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCatiEdr CaBiess RBHGg<RtUvsRmb eTAtamsanPaBzI

enH karEdlKNbkS hVnsIunebc QHeqat Etmakg k* GacCa eRKaHzak
RKbEbbyagedIm|IbiTpv minobsimRbeTs vilmkvij :nedayRsYl> eBk
mYy sRmabsm&nPaB
cindUcKa ehIy ev[tNamGac niwg seRmcmhicta rbseK:n
dUcRBHGg<
enaHeLIy eRJHza cink*cgvatTIykNcin ev[tNam k* cgvatTI ykN
manbEgk
d*maMmYyeT[t
bnabBI
shPaB
sUev[t
luHNaEt eK
rlMrlayeTA
dUecH
eXIjza kare:Heqat enAkgRbeTskmCa k*Caer]gmYyd*sMxan cMeJHcin nig

201
eTAtam esckIseRmccit
CabeNaHGasn rvagRbeTs kmynis TaMgBIr enH
Edr eRJHza RBHGg<mas rN#Ti EdlBMumanTsSn;neya:y nigmenaKmviCa

Gacnwg
pacRbeTskmCa
ecjBIExSbnatEdlRbeTskumynis
TaMgBIrenH :nkMNt rYcCaeRsc eJlKW rkSaTuk tMbnNcinenH CaTItaMg
deNIm TiBlKa edaynaMKabiTRck mino bsimRbeTs cUlmkeRC{tERCk

202
:n. cMeJHev[tNam eKcg emAyktMbnenH Etg eTaHCazNamYy eKRtUv
cgsm&nmit CamYy bsimRbeTsvij edIm|ITbTl nwg TiBlcinkI. er]g
enAz 3 mizuna KW bunanz eRkaykare:Heqat ehIymYys:h munzRtUv
sMxanbMput rbs ev[tNam KW RtYtRtaNcin minoZakeTAkg kNabd cin
RbkaslTpl Capvkar semc neratm sIhnu:n RbkasEtgtaMgxnRBHGg<
niym eRC{tERCk cUlmkkgyuTsaRsenH :nEdr . KWenAkgn&yenHehIy
#Ti nig elak h)un Esn Ca bnaykrdmRnI . enHCa RBwtikarNmYy EdleZVI
karNmYy ez,aleTas dlGVIEdleKehAza rdRbharz 18 minaqaM 1970
:lCati n RbeTskmCa . ExrRkhmEdlenAsbes{mGsmYyry;eBl ZM
Cadacxat. buEn TnwmenaH ev[tNam k*minoGkneya:yExr bsimRbeTs

EdlenAz
20
vicika
qaM1991
KNbkS
RbCaCn :necjesckIEzg
CanaykrdmRnI nig CaGK<bJakarkgT&BExr edayeRCIserIsRBHGg<mas rN

omankarP\akepIl yagxaMg. rI rdaPi:lenaH :nRtUvRbsiTinamza rdaPi
ehIy suxcitTTYls<alsemc neratm sIhnu CaRbmuxrd EtmYyKt . min
BMu:nRtUvbJl mkkgrdaPi:l enaHeT . elak GakasIu GktMNag GK<
Gnum&t Cakcn nUv esckIseRmccitmYy Edllubecal kare:HeqatrdsPa
k*:n catTukza karpcepImKMnitenH rbs semc neratm sIhnu man sar;
EtbueNaHesat eRkaymkeT[t enAz 14 mizuna qaM 1993 sPaZmnuJ :n

Edl :nTmaksemc neratm sIhnu ecjBIGMNac naz 18 minaqaM 1970
pgEdr . ehIy KWenAkgn&yenHEdr Edlsemc neratm sIhnu :nCRmuj

obeg,ItrdaPi:lcRmuH rvag KNbkShVnsIunebc nig KNbkS RbCaCn
eRkaykare:HeqatqaM 1993 eTaHbI KNbkS hVnsIunebc EdlCaKNbkS

rbs RBHGg<esaHenaH QHeqat k*eday. enAz 16 mizuna dEdlenaH semc
neratm sIhnu EtgtaMgRBHGg<mas rN#Ti nig elak h)un Esn Cash

naykrdmRnI KWnaykrdmRnI dleTA BIrrUb kgeBlEtmYy . enHCaRBwtikarN
EdlminZabEdlmanesaHenAkgRbvtisaRs. bnabBIkarEtgtaMgenH KNbkS

RbCaCn k*suxcit TTYls<allTpl n kare:Heqat naqaM 1993 enaH .
elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati nig CaGkTTYlxusRtUvGg<kar GaRbUnuc

sMxanEdr . elak ex[v kJarwTi GknaMJkmakxag rdkmCa :nbJak
R:bza PaKI rbsxn nwg rMlayrdaPi:l rbs xn KW rdaPi:l Edl:n

RKbRKgRbeTsGsry;eBl
14
qaMmkehIy.
elakex[v
kJarwTi :nEzg
za ; karbeg,ItrdaPi:lzIenH BMuGacCMnYs lTpl n kare:Heqat:neT buEn

RKanEtsRmabqgkat GnrkalmYy bueNaH. karBit KWza xag rdkmCa eK
suxcitTTYlyksemc neratm sIhnu buEn minGacTTYlyk RBHGg<mas
rN#Ti :neT. RbeTsCbun RbeTs ev[tNam nig RbeTszk*BMuylTasGIV
nwg dMeNaHRsayenHEdr eRJHeK catTukza eKKansiTi cUleRC{tERCk kg

bJaExeT. enAz 3 mizunaenaH GVI> hakbIdUcCa GaceZIVeTA:n . buEnRsabEt
zbnab KW z 4 mizuna semc neratm sIhnu EbrCaRbkasrMlay rdaPi
:lenaHecaleTA vij. karseRmccugeRkayenH rbs semc neratm sIhnu
RBwtikarN naEx mizuna
bNalmkBIkarminylRBm BIKNbkShVnsIunebc . RBHGg<mas neratm
qaM 1993
esrIvuD n KNbkSraCaniymenH :nRbkas odwgza ; shKmn GnrCati
Les principaux vnements de Juin 1993

203
BMuGacTTYlykrdaPi:lEdlekItecj BIkarcrcadUecH:neT. sUmktsMKal

204
za
enAeBlenaH
shrd
Gaemrik
RbeTsGgeKs
RbeTsGURsalI
ehIy
RbeTs cin pgEdr k*minylRsb nwg karbeg,It rdaPi:lenHEdr. shrd
Gaemrik xacERkgkarRbmazdl kare:Heqat EbbenH Gacman bneTAeT[t enA
karGHGag rbselak GakasIu enAeBlenaH 40 % nTwkdIExr :nRtUvRbkas

opacecj KW ExRtTaMgbunanEdlsitenAeRtIyxagekIt n Tenemkug .
eyageTAtam
kicRBmeRB{g
TIRkug:rIs
qaM
1991
vasna
rbs
zmux . mYyvijeT[t kareZIVreb[benH GacbHJl yagZnZr dl sPaZm
RbeTskmCa RtUvkMNt edaykare:Heqat . PaKIExrNa k*ylRBmEdr buEn
rdZmnuJ .
bkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc nwg TTYlC&yCMnH . semc neratm sIhnu RTg
nuJeT[tpg eRJHman Et sPaZmnuJ bueNaHEdl manParkicRbkas Gnum&t
eRkaykare:Heqat KWenAeBl rabsnwkeqat beNIr> eKdwgCaeRscza KN
BIrzeRkay karrMlay rdaPi:lenaH GknaMJk xag rdkmCa Rbkas
eQVgylza ebIKNbkSraCaniym QHEmnenaH vibti nwg GacekItmaneLIg
:nQancUl mkdl vibtimYyeT[t . Gg<kar shRbCaCati cabepImman kar
enAeBlyuTnakar eXasna e:H eqat EdlsmaCikKNbkS CaeRcInrUb:n
enAz 8 mizuna Gg<kar GaRbUnuc :nsuxcit TTYlyk Epnkar rbs semc
Gac nwgnaMRbeTs eqaH eTATisedAmYyEdlRBHGg<minylRsb. mYyvijeT[t
BMuTTYls<al lTpl n kare:HeqatbneT[t. saCazImgeT[t RbeTskmCa

:rmsaCazI bnabBI:n TTYleCaKC&y kgkardwknaM kare:Heqat edayesrI.
neratm sIhnu buEnGVI> k*RCulhYs GseTAehIy. xagExrRkhm eKk*Rbkas
KaMRTEpnkarenaH Edr. GVIEdleKktsMKal enAeBlenaH KW za xag KNbkS

RbCaCan eKminEdleC]za eKGaccaj
enAkg kare:HeqatenaHeT. minEt
bueNaH eKEzmTaMgeC]za eKnwgTTYl:n 70 % n snwkeqateT[tpg . buEn

enAeBlrabsnwkeqat
eK:ndwgza
KWCakarPanRcLMmYy
d*ZM
eRJH KNbkSRbCaCn nwgminRBmCadacxat dUcmantRmuyxH> rYcmkehIy
RtUveKlYcsmabecal. tamkarBit RBHGg<minTukcitRBHGg<masrN#Ti Edl
bJakgRKYsar rbs RBHGg< k*ecaTeLIg kgeBlCamYyKaEdr . xagelak

h)un Esn enaHvij GVIEdlelak h)un Esn R:zacg:n kgkare:Heqat enaH
KW
PaBRsbc|ab
nig
karTTYls<alBIshKmn
GnrCati
nUv
GMNacmYy
Edl:nRtUveKez,aleTas Gsry;eBl 14 qaM mkehIy . buEn RbCaCnExr
eRJHGg<kar
PaKeRcInenAeBlenaH EbrCae:Heqat oKNbkS hVnsIunebc eTAvij eRJH
RtUvbMput. enAcMeJHmuxsanPaBenH rdaPi:l rdkmCa minRBmoKNbkS
kMEhg BIsMNakGtItKNbkSkumynis yagNakI eKk*brpac naMKae:Heqat
GaRbUnuc :neZIVGVI RKbEbbyag edIm|Io kare:Heqat RbRBwteTA edayRtwm
hVnsIunebc QHCadacxat. enAz 9 mizuna tmesnIy Cag 40 nak n
GtItrbb saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCaEdlenAkgenaH manelak et[ :j
eKylza Ca KNbkS rbs semc neratm sIhnu . eTaHbI mankarKMram
zVayGMNaceTA GtItRbmuxrdExr kalsm&y sg<mraRsniym vijEdr eRJH
eKRseNaH sm&ykalenaH EdlRsukExr mansniPaB . edayeKBMu :ndwg
rdmRnIkarJrCatipgEdr :n naMKaeTAKal semc neratm sIhnu enA RBHraC
GMBITMnas
ebc
neratm
vaMg. BYkeK :nTamTar oRBHGg< eZIVkarKabsg,t eTAelI KNbkS hVnsIun

edIm|IeZIVkarEbgEckGMNac.
enAz
10
mizuna
RBHGg<mascRkBgS
bnaykrdmRnI n rbb rdkmCa :nRbkas eZVIGbKmn Etmg . ebItam

205
neya:y
nig
GMNac
EdlRbTakRkLaKa
yagsKsaj
EdlExr:n:tbg
enAeBlsRg<am
kgRKYsar eKsgwmza RBHGg<mas rN#Ti EdlCabuRtmYyGg< rbs semc

sIhnu
BitCanwgnaMmk
nUvGIV>
CaBMuxan . eTaHCayagNakI eKseg,teXIjza enAeBlenaH elak h)un Esn BMu

206
GacRKbdNbeTAelI kitanuPaB rbs semc neratm sIhnu :nEdr eTaH bI
CayagenHkI k*BYkGkseg,tkarN BMumankarRBYy:rmGVIEdr eRJH RbeTsev[t
rbs RBHGg< eTAeRbIR:smYyry;eBl k*eday. enAcMeJHmux karRtUv:tbg
eT . enAcMeJHmux sankarNenH RBHGg<mas rN#Ti Rbkasza RBHGg<eRt{m
RBHGg< Zab:nbeNayxn oBYkExrRkhm xag bul Bt yk kitanuPaB

GMNacEbbenH elak h)un
Esn eRt{mlkN; CaeRsc edIm|IdeNImyk
GMNacmkvij . mundMbUg KW minTTYls<al lTpl n kare:Heqat ehIy
bnabmk eZIVkarKabsg,t eTAelI semc neratm sIhnu. enAeBlEdlsemc
neratm sIhnu RbkasrMlay rdaPi:lCati rbsRBHGg< kalBIz 14
mizuna KWmYyzeRkay karbeg,ItrdaPi:lenH rdaPi:lputGMNac rbs elak
h)un Esn :n beJjRbtikmyagxaMg . bnabBI tmesnIy 40 rUb n

GtItrbb
kumynis
:nnaMKacUleTAkgRBHraCvaMg
edIm|ITamTaroeZIVkarEbg
EckGMNac RBHGg<mascRkBgSRBHraCbuRtmYyGg<eT[t rbs semc neratm

sIhnu EdlcUlxag KNbkS RbCaCn rbs elak h)un Esn :nseRmc
Nam BMuKaMRT karbHe:r enH rbs RBHGg<mas cRkBgS nige lak siun sug
lkN;CaeRsc edIm|I RbmUl kgT&B rbsRBHGg<cMnYn 5 Jn nak edIm|Ivay

deNImykExRtTaMgbunanenaH mkvij .
karRbQmmuxdakKa
rvag RBHGg<mas cRkBgS

nwg RBHGg<mas rN#Ti
Les princes ennemis
eZIV GbKmn TwkdIEtmg . elak tmesnIy suin sug GtItrdmRnIsnisux n

rdaPi:lputGMNac rbs elak h)un Esn k* cUlrYmcMENkkgkarTamTar eZIV
GbKmn enaHEdr .
RBHGg<mas
cRkBgS :nTamTar
enAeBlenaH
sMuobeg,ItrdaPi:lCati
mYy dUcEdlsemc neratm sIhnu CaRBHbita :nRbkaskalBIz 3 mizuna

dUecHEdr. enAkgeBldEdlenaH man:tukm CaeRcInenATIRkugPMeBj TamTar
oGg<kar GaRbUnuc ecjBIRbeTskmCa ehIy TamTar oKNbkS hVnsIun
ebc nig KNbkS RbCaZibetyesrIniymBuTsasna rbs elak sWn
san dkxnecj BItMbn GbKmn. :tukmTaMgenaH manlkN;hwgSa d*xaMg

mhima KWmandleTAGavuZ bgMotmaKcRk rbsGg<kar GaRbUnuc ehaH ecj
EzmeT[t. cracrN tampveKak nig tampvTwk :nRtUvhamXat . GkCab
eqat nKNbkS RbCaCn cMnYn 30 nak :n sMulaElgBImuxtMENg . eTaH

207
bnabBI RBHGg<mascRkBgS RbkaseZIV GbKmnExRtTaMgbunan Edl
sit enA xagekIt Tenemkug RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti GkdwknaM KNbkS
raCa niym hVnsIunebc ehIyEdlCabg rbsRBGg<mascRkBgS40 KMramza

nwg ekNT&B 5 Jnnak vayykExRt TaMgenaHmkvij . RBHGg<masrN#Ti
kMejIjKNbkS RbCaCn za RBHGg<nwgyageTARbeTsnana kgsklelak
edIm|IesIoeK kates|{g KNbkS RbCaCn pgeT[t . buEn enAeBlenaH

elak Guwg hUt EdlCaGkcatEcg yuTnakar eXasnae:Heqat rbs KN
40
RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti nig RBHGg<mas neratm cRkBgS CabuRt
rbs semc neratm sIhnu buEn mayTIT . may rbs RBHGg<mas rN

#Ti KW Gkmag kJl ehA s)uysan rImay rbs RBHGg<mas
RBHGg<mas sIusuvti BgSanmunI .
208
cRkBgS KW
bkS hVnsIunebc :nplCaeyabldUecHvijza ; eyIgRtUveRbIR:s mrZa
eRkayGg<RbCMu elak h)un Esn nig elak Ca sIum :nelIkeLIg GMBIeRKaH
sRg<amo:n . enAkgeBl dEdlenaH smaCik KNbkS hVnsIunebc
enAz 11 mizuna qaM 1993 Gg<kar GaRbUnuc Rbkas Capvkar
:y neya:y nig eKalkarN RbCaZibetyvij eRJHeyIgRtUvec[svag

RbmaN 4 Jnnak :nnaMKartecjBIExRtcMnYn 3 EdlsitenA xagekIt Ten
emkug edIm|IeKcBI karvayRbhar rbsRBHGg<mas cRkBgS nig tmesnIy
suin sug . sUmktsMKalza xag rdkmCa eKmankgT&BcMnYn 4 mWun 5

Jnnak ehIy kgCIvBl
CaembJakarkgT&B
RBHGg<masrN#Ti
(milice) cMnYn 1 mWunnak. tmesnIy bul saer]n
rIelak
ebIbUkrYmCa
sIun
sug
mYykgT&B
CardmRnImhap.
rNsirCati
xag
kgT&B
rMedaHBlrdExr
zak d*ZM EdlGacekItecjBI kareZIVGbKmn enH .
lTpl nkare:Heqat ehIy pSBVpSay eQaH GkEdl:nRtUveRCIstaMgCa

smaCik sPaZmnuJ . rIlTpl n kare:Heqat mandUcteTA ?
_
KNbkS
hVnsIunebc
:nTTYl
45,
47
snwk
eqat.
ebIKitCacMnYnGke:HeqatoKW 1 lan 8 Esn 2 mWun 4 Jn 188 nak . ebI
Kit Ca Gasn; KW 58 Gasn; .
_ KNbkS RbCaCn :nTTYl 38, 22 % n snwkeqat. Gke:Heqato
rbs elak sWn san pg KW mancMnYnRbmaN 1 mWunnakbueNaH . eTaHCa
mancMnYn 1 lan 5 Esn 3 mWun 3 Jn 471 nak . ebIKit CaGasn; KW 51
eqatkI k*eKeZIVesckIEktRmUvza KanrdRbhar GVINamYyekIteLIgeT . enAeBl
_ KNbkS RbCaZibety esrIniym BuTsasna :n TTYl 3, 81 % n
yagenHkI eTaHbI KNbkS RbCaCn minRBmTTYls<al lTpl n kare:H
Edler]g TaMgLayenaH ekItmaneLIg ExrRkhm Rbkasza eK RbqaMg nwg

GbKmn enaHCadacxat rI semc neratm sIhnu vij tamry;viT RBHGg<
RKanEtEzgzaRBHGg<mankgVlyagxaMg
buEnRBHGg<
mindwg
CaRtUvedaHRsay
Gasn.
snwkeqat . Gke:Heqat oKNbkSenH mancMnYn 1 Esn 5 mWun 2 Jn

764 nak . Gasn;EdlRtUvTTYl KW 10 Gasn; .
_ KNbkS mUlINakaEdlTTYl:n 1, 37 % n snwkeqat :n
EbbNaeT . Gkseg,tkarNxH yleXIjza RBHGg< mascRkBgS eZIVdUecH
Et 1 Gasn; bueNaH .
KNbkS hVnsIunebc rYbrYm CamYy KNbkS RbCaCn . buEn Gkseg,t
snwk eqatEdlBMuGacTTYlyk:n bnabBI karBinitp<p<g man 1 Esn 4 mWun
edayman karylRBm BI semc sIhnu KWw yuTsaRsmYy sRmabbgM o

karNxHeT[t yleXIjza; BMuEmndUecHeT eRJHRBHGg<mascRkBgS RbEhl
CaGnuvt EpnkarmYy Edler[bcMtaMg BIqaM 1989 mkeNaH KW eRkayeBl
snwkeqatEkgbnM mancMnYn 1 Esn 2 mWun 2 Jn 761 rI
1 Jn 8 rysnwk .
eKseg,teXIjza
kgcMeNam
GktMNagraRscMnYn
51
nak
Edlev[tNam dkkgT&B . EpnkarenaH CaEpnkar rbs KNbkS RbCaCn
KNbkS RbCaCn eKBMurXIjman sSrCn CMnanbkSkumynis RbCaCn
deNIm ykGMNactampveyaZa. muneBlebIkGg<RbCMu sPaZmnuJ nazTI 14
:nTTYlC&yCMnH eTAelIKNbkS RbCaCn k*eday k*cMnYnGktMNagraRs
Edlman KeRmagTbTl nwgkgT&BExrRkhm enAkgkrNI EdlBYkenH vay

mizuna
eKkatsanza
GkdwknaMKNbkS
209
RbCaCn
enABIeRkay
buEn
bdivt kmCaeT . sUmktsMKalza eTaHbIKNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc
PaKeRcIn enAkgrdsPa BMuRKbRKan sRmabGnum&trdZmnuJ:nEdr KwmancMnYn

210
Et 58 nak bueNaH . enAz 11 mizuna KNbkS hVnsIunebc nigKNbkS
GkbeckeTs CaGkRKbRKgrd:lenaHeT . xagKNbkS hVnsIunebc
sm&nPaB . buEn ebIbUksrubTaMgGsmk :nRtwm 68 sMeLg bueNaH KW ebI
kalBIeBlsRg<am ehIyEdlCa GkdwknaMkar ts)URbqaMg nwgrbb ehg sMrwn.
RbCaZibety esrIniymBuTsasna rbs elak sWn san :nRbkas eZIV
eyageTAtamkicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs
rdZmnuJ :neT .
BMumanlkN;RKbRKan
sRmabGnum&t
GktMNagKNbkS raCaniym hVnsIunebc enAkg sPaZm nuJ BMuman cMnYn
RbCaZibetyesrIniym BuTsasna rbs elak sWn san k*eday k* enA
EtBMumancMnYnRKbRKanEdr. enAkgGg<RbCMusPaZmnuJ elIkdMbUgbgsnaz 14
RbCaCn nwg KNbkS
mizuna
enaH
tamry;esckIseRmccitmYy
eK:n
RbKlGMNaceBjelj
Biess zVayeTAsemc neratm sIhnu. buEn tamkarBiteTA eKBMudwgza GMNac
hVnsIunebc enAqaM 1993
enaH manvisalPaBbunNaeT . eTaHCayagNak*eday Gg<kar GaRbUnuc :n
Partage des pouvoirs entre

Le P.P.C. et le F.U.N.C.I.N.P.E.C.
ktsMKal enAeBlenaHza ; esckIseRmccitenaH KanGnuPaBGVITaMgGs drab
Na sPaZmnuJ BMuTanGnum&trdZmnuJ ehIyBMuTanEtgtaMgrdaPi:lenAeLIy.
BIrz eRkayeBlEdl Gg<kar GaRbUnuc :nRbkas lTpl n
kare:Heqat eJlKWenAz 14 mizuna sPaZmnuJ :nebIksm&yRbCMuelIk
dMbUgbgsrbsxn. xagKNbkS RbCaCn manGktMNag 51 rUb. Rbkar
enAkg GtItrbbkumynis
BIeBlmun mancMnYnticNas ehIy GkEdlman TiBl d*xaMgka enAkgrbb

Edlbnb eday kgT&Bev[tNam k*mineXIjman enAkgcMeNam GktMNag
TaMg 51 rUbenaHEdr . eKGacsnidan:nza cabtaMgBIz 14 mizunaqaM 1993
enaHmk RbeTsev[tNam KanTiBlGVIeT[teT eTAelIRbeTskmCa eTaHbI Gk
tMNag CaRbvtisaRs n rbbcas dUcCa elak ehg sMrwn, Ca sIum, h)un
Esn CaedIm enAEtmanvtman bnmkeT[tkI . GktMNag xagKNbkS RbCa
Cn eRcInEtCaGkEdl kalBIrbbmun BMumanGMNacGVI eRkABItYnaTI rbseK Ca

211
GkTaMgenH RcInEtCaksikr. eRkABIenaH KWsuTEtCaGkEdlRtLbmkBIbreTs.
RKbRKan sRmab Gnum&t rdZmnuJeT . eTaHbIcgsm&nPaB CamYyKNbkS
karEckGMNacKa rvag KNbkS
EdlKYroktsMKal Kwza GkEdl:neZIVkarts)U
GktMNagman 58 rUb enAkgenaH 40 rUb CaGkEdl :nrsenAkgRbeTs
enAkg Gg<RbCMunaz 14 mizunaenaH bNaGktMNag :nnaMKaylRsbeTA elI
esckIseRmccitmYy EdlcatTuk RBwtikarN z 18 minaqaM 1970 CaemaX;

eJl KwzEdl sPaTaMgBIr kal eBlenaH :ne:HeqatTmak semc neratm
sIhnu BImuxtMENgRbmuxrd. enAz 16 mizuna edayEpkeTAelIGMNac Biess
EdlsPaZmnuJ :nzVay mkRBHGg< semc neratm sIhnu :nRbkasza

bniceT[tenH nwg man karEtgtaMg rdaPi:lmYy EdlmankarylRBm BI sPa
ZmnuJ .
bJaEdlecaTeLIg
rdZmnuJ
KWza
:nRtUvmtixHylza
karEtgtaMg
BMuRsbeTA
rdaPi:lmYy
munkarGnum&t
nwgkicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIsnaqaM
1991 eT eRJHza enAeBlEdl sPaZmnuJ BMuTanGnum&t rdZmnuJpg KW BMu
TanERbkayxnCa Gg<kar nitib|Jtipg RsabEteK naMKaEtgtaMgrdaPi:l mYy

212
Pam.
tamkarBitkicRBmeRB{genH
Ecgyagc|asenAkgEpk
TI1
sI
BIry;
kalqgkatRtg cMBUk TI1 maRta 1 dUecHza TalEt sPaZmnuJ ylRBm
TTYlyk rdZmnuJsin ehIy kayeTACa Gg<kar nItibJtisin eTIbGg<karenH

GacEtgtaMgrdaPi:l . buEnpyeTAvij kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs niyayEtBI
karRbKl vasna nRbeTs kmCa eTAokare:Heqat esrI EtbueNaH ehIy k*

BMuniyay BIkarEtgtaMgRbmuxrdesaH. buEn bnabBIkarCRmuj oEtgtaMg rdaPi
:lmYy edaysPaZmnuJEtmg eday sPaZmnuJ minTan:n Gnum&t rdZm
nuJpg bJanItivIZI k*ecaTeLIg . tamZmta sPaZmnuJ RtUv Gnum&t rdZmnuJ
sin eTIbEtgtaMgrdaPi:lCaeRkay. buEnenAeBlenaH eKnaMKaylza karbeg,It

rdaPi:l
munkarGnum&trdZmnuJ
k*minEmnCakarrMelaP
eTAelIkicRBmeRB{g
TIRkug:rIsNaEdr drabNaman karylRBmBI PaKIExr TaMg 4 ehIyman

karylRBm BI sPaZmnuJpgeT[tenaH. PaKIExrRkhm eKsuxcitKaMRT KMnit
mYyepSgeT[t Kwkarbeg,It rdaPi:lbeNaHGasnmYy buEnTalEtenA kgkrNI
Edl semc neratm sIhnu manGMNaceBjeljEdr . eTaHCayagNakI
KNbkS RbCaCn nig KNbkSraCaniym :nnaMKaKitEt BIkarEckGMNacKa

bueNaHsin eTaHbI kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs sg,tZneTAelI kare:HeqatkI KW
minoeZVIkarcrcaKaEbbenHeLIy. enAz 30 mizuna qaM1993 dEdlenaH sPa

ZmnuJ :noscab&n eTAelI smasPaB n rdaPi:lEtmg. rdmRnI man
cMnYn 33 rUb ehIyGnurdmRnI mancMnYn 29 rUb. elak sWn san :nRtUv
EtgtaMgCa RbZan nsPaZmnuJ ehIy elak Ca sIum CaGnuRbZan . elak

h)un Esn nig RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa naykrdmRnI
TaMgBIrnakEtmg sRmabdwk naMrdaPi:lEtmYy. enHCaRBwtikarNmYy minZab
EdlmanesaH kg RbvtisaRs. rI karbeg,It rdaPi:l munkarGnum&t rd
ZmnuJ k* CakrNI EdlminZabEdlmanEdr enAkgRbvti n bNaRbeTs

RbCaZibety .
bJaExrRhm enAeBlbeg,It
rdaPi:l beNaHGasn enAqaM 1993
Problme relatif aux Khmers rouges

pendant la formation du Gouvernement
provisoire de Juillet 1993
edayBMuTanbeg,It Gg<karnitib|Jti enAeLIy ehIyedaysPaZmnuJ Etg
taMgrdaPi:l munkarGnum&t rdZmnuJ bJacRmUgcRmas k* EsgecjeLIg.

bnab BIrdaPi:l beNaHGasn dwknaMeday shnaykrdmRnIBIrrUb KW RBH
Gg< masrN#Ti nig elak h)un Esn :nRtUv sPaZmnuJ RbKlkarTukcit
bJaEdlecaTeLIgenAeBlenaH KWbJa Kan Gg<karnItib|Jti sRmabtakEtg

c|ab
eRJHsPaZmnuJ
minTankayeTACardsPaenAeLIy.
dUecHeXIjza
edayrdZmnuJ k*BMuTanmanRbB&nc|ab k*BMuTanman rdaPi:lBMuTanmanlkN;

RKbRKansRmabeZIVdMeNIrkareLIy. sPaZmnuJ k*seRmcyk nItikm cas
mkeRbIsin.
dUcenH
eTaHbIeRkaykare:Heqat
k*eday
k*GVI>RtUvRbRBwteTA
enAelImUldan nkarRsuHRsYlKa rvagKUbdibk bneTAeT[tEdreJlKW BMuRsb
eTA tameKalkarN n kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIseLIy eRJH kicRBmeRB{genH
minoyk karcrcaKa sRmabedaHRsaybJaeT eRkaykare:Heqat KWoyk

rdZmnuJ
eZIVCamUldan.
xagPaKIExrRkhmenaHvij
eK:ndaklkxNmYy
KWwza TalEt semc neratm sIhnu mansTiGMNac RKbRKan eTIbeKyl
Rsb. eTaHCayagNakI bnabBI rdaPi:lbeNaHGasnenH :nRtUvEtgtaMg
213
214
ExrRkhm k* :nesIsMu EtsiTi eZIVskmPaB rbseK bneTAeT[t EtbueNaH .
zIeT eRJH enAkgkrNIenH BYkExrRkhm EdlsitenA eRkambJakar rbs bul
mij nig elakrdmRnI TI 1 cin lIbuwg :nep\IlixitmYysresIr semc neratm
KansirPaBl kgkarksagRbeTseLIgvij . RbeTsz mankar:rm yagxaMg
cM rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn elak ex[v sMpn GtItRbmuxrd rbbExrRkhm
Gg<kar shRbCaCati k* mankar:rm dUcKaGuIcwgEdr. RBHGg<mas neratm
mageT[t enAz 3 kk,da qaM 1993 dEdlenaH elakRbmuxrd cin yg ey
sIhnu yagRCaleRCA GMBI karbeg,ItrdaPi:lenaH . enAeBlEdleKkMBuger[b

kmCaRbCaZibety
esIsMu
semc
neratm
sIhnu
oGnuJatoxneK
:nvilRtLbmkkmCavij ehIyTnwmenaH sMurkSaTukRkumeK CaKNbkSmYy d*
samJbueNaH. mundMbUg semc neratm sIhnu:nylRBm buEn eRkaymk

:nRcanesckIesIenHecaleTAvij.
munkarebIksm&yRbCMu
sPaZmnuJ
naz
26 mizuna semc neratm sIhn Rbmuxrd n rbbzI :nEzgza; eyIg
Zab:ns<alrsCati n JkEpmElm rbs ExrRkhmehIy. EpeQI rbs

bul Bt lVIgCUrctNas ehIy maneBlxH manTaMgCatiBuleT[tpg .
enAeBlEdlsemc neratm sIhnu RcanecalesckIesI rbs PaKI
ExrRkhm elak h)un Esn EbrCabnr riyabz bniceTAvij. enHCaer]g mYy
d*cEmk eRJH kngmk elak h)un Esn EtgEtRbqaMgdacGhg,ar nUv ralkic
RBmeRB{g CamYyRkum bul Bt . tamkarBit elak h)un Esn cgbJl

kgT&BExrRkhm mkkgkgT&BCati EtbueNaH KWpackgT&BExRkhm ecjBIBYk
emdwknaMrbseK. buEnKeRmagkarenH BMu:nseRmceT eRJHBYkemdwknaM ZM> n

GtItrbb
kmCaRbCaZibety
Edl:nsmabRbCaCnExrGsCit
lan
nak :ndaklkxN mYy Cabnan KW eKsuxciteZVIdUecH:n TalEt BYkeK

sitenAkg CYrrdaPi:lEdr .
cUleTAkgrdaPi:leT
buEn
tamkarBit BYk bul Bt Kansgwmza nwgGac
eKniyaydUecH
Kw
edIm|I
ykcMeNjeBl
Et
bueNaH eRJH eKaledABitR:kd rbseK enAeBlenaH KW kankabtMbn rbs

BYkeKbneTAeT[t.
sPaBkarNenH BMumanGMeNaypllbunan sRmabrbb

215
Bt dEdlGac nwgdwknaM sRg<amRB enAkgrbbzI bneTAeT[t KWeZIVo rbbenH

cMeJHkarTuko ExrRkhmsit enAeRkAc|abdUecH. elak GakasIu GktMNag
rN#Ti shnaykrdmRnI TI 1 n rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn k* eC]za Ca

karBMuRsYlEdr
bneTAeT[t.
eTaHCayagNakI
Gg<kar
shRbCaCati
ExrRkhm
enAEtTamTaroman
:ndaklkxNmYy
Kwza
karcrca
TalEtExr
Rkhm suxcitbJlkgT&B rbseK eTAkgkgT&BCati ehIysuxcitrNb nwg

rdaPi:lzI. enAz 7 kk,da qaM 1993 dEdlenaH BYkExrRkhm :ncUl
kankab tMbnRBHvihar Etmg .
karKabsg,t rbs BYkExrRkhm

eTAelI rdaPi:l beNaHGasn
z 30 mizuna qaM 1993
La pression des Khmers rouges sur

Gouvernement provisoire du 30 juin 1993
dUceyIg:ndwgrYcmkehIy smasPaB n rdaPi:lbeNaH GasnEdl
:nRtUvsPaZmnuJoscab&nenAz 30 mizunaqaM 1993 BMuman karcUlrYm BI

GtItGkdwknaM nrbb kmCaRbCaZibety eT. edIm|IeZIVkarKabsg,t eTAelI
rdaPi:lenH Edlman naykrdmRnI dleTA 2 rUb BYkExrRkhm:neZIVkar
vayRbhareTAelI kgT&Belak h)un Esn enA RBHvihar enAz 7 kk,da . enA

216
eBlenaH elak ex[v kJarwTi GknaM Jk nrdaPi:lzI :necaTRbeTsz za
shRbCaCati :nseRmc bnGaNti GnraKmn rbsxn enAkmCa rhUtdl
:nTatecalkarecaT RbkanenHedaydacGhg,ar. enAz 16 kk,da rdaPi:l
enAkgkarRbyuTKa rvagBYkExRkhm nwgrdaPi:lbeNaHGasn BYkExr
:nCYyBYkExrRkhm
ovayykR:saT
RBHvihar.
buEn
TIRkug:gkk
eBlRbeTskmCa man rdZmnuJ .
Exr k* :nTTYls<alza RbeTsz BMumanCabJkB&n kger]genHeT . eTaHCa
Rkhmminsgwmza nwgGacvayrMlMrdaPi:lenHeT ehIy k*minsgwmza rdaPi
kab RBHviharEdr. GIVEdlBYkExrRkhm cgbgajoeXIj enAeBlenaH KWza
rdaPi:lzI BMuGacksagRbeTs :neT eRJHRtUvRbQmmux nwgsRg<ampkg.
yagenHkI k* rdaPi:l rN#Ti _ h)un Esn BMuGacbeNayoExrRkhm kan
sRg<ampkg enAEtmanbnmkeT[t. mYyzeRkaykarvayykRBHvihar BYkExr

Rkhm
:nvayyk
PUmiCaeRcInenAkgExRtkMBgqaMg.
Rbtibtikar
eyaZaenH
:lenH suxciteZIVsm|TanZM> GVIEdr. buEn GVI EdleKsgwmeTAvijenaH KWza
mageT[t eK k*manlkN;RKbRKan edIm|I bMEbkbM:k rdaPi:lzIenHEdr.
BYkeK ylza karRbTajRbTgKa CakareKcBMuput enAkgrdaPi:lk|alBIr enH
rbs BYkExrRkhm :nRbRBwteTA Gsry;eBl 5 z . enAz 13 kk,da
KW rvag KNbkSraCaniym nwg KNbkS RbCaCn . BYkExrRkhm ylyag
ex[v sMpn . KNRbtiPUenHEdlman elak can yUran elak mk Ebn nig
RtUvkarkmaMg eyaZamYy d* xaMgka edIm|ITbTl nwgelak h)un Esn yag
semc neratm sIhnu :nTTYl KNRbtiPUExr RkhmmYy dwknaMeday elak

elak Giun sUPaB Ca smaCik :nesIsMu bJlkgT&BExrRkhm mkkgkgT&B
c|asza
enAkgkrNIEbbenH
RBHGg<mas
neratm
rN#Ti
muxCanwg
ehacNas k* edIm|IykeRb{b rkSatulPaBEdr. buEn enHCakickarmYy d*
rdaPi:lzI buEnCazr eK:nsMuordaPi:lenH EtgtaMg TIRbwkSaExrRkhm mYy
Bi:k cMeJH RBHGg<masrN#Ti edayehtuza shrd Gaemrik RbqaMgdacxat
oExrRkhm RbKlRBHvihar nigtMbnkankab edayExrRkhmmko rdaPi:l
:raMg k*eRt{mlkN;lubkicRBmeRB{geyaZa rbseK CamYykmCaEdr enAkg
cMnYn kgCYrrdaPi:l . semc neratm sIhnu :nqkykOkasenaH TamTar

vij . esckIesITaMgLayenH nwg RtUvykeTABinitenAkg Gg<RbCMu tumUlenA
ExkJa. enAcMeJHmux sPaBkarNenH
rdaPi:l rN#Ti_ h)un Esn Edl
Ca rdaPi:lk|alBIr RbTajRbTgdeNImykTiBlKa eTAvijeTAmk k* riHrk
meZa:yer[g> xn edIm|I Tajyk RbeyaCn rbseK mak> . enAkgeBl

dEdlenaH
BYkExrRkhm
:neZVIkarvayRbhar
eTAelIkgT&B
Gg<kar
sh
RbCaCati enAtamtMbn CaeRcIneT[t. enAz 8 sIha kgT&B rdaPi:l :neZIV
karvayluk enA kgtMbnepSg> EdlExrRkhmkankab dUcCaRBHvihar kMBgZM
es[mrab bnaymanC&y CaedIm. enAz 27 sIha RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar
217
nwg vtman rbs BYkExrRkhm enAkgrdaPi:lExr . mYyvijeT[t RbeTs

krNI EdlrdaPi:lzI bJlkgT&BExrRkhm mkkgkgT&BCati . buEnebImin
eZVIdUecHeT RbeTskmCa nwgRtUvCYb nwgsRg<ampkgmYy d*yUr CaBMuxan . enA

TIbMput RBHGg<mas rN#Ti :nseRmcRbzuy suxcit dacCMnYy breTsvij
edIm|IbJbsRg<ampkg. elak h)un Esn k*ylRsbnwgKMnitenHEdr. elak

:nEzgCaGaTza; kPaBCati vaRbesIr CagCMnYybreTs ehIy mageT[t
eKBMuRtUvbeNayobreTs ykCMnYy rbseK mkbMEbkbM:k kPaBCatieT.
edIm|I
CRmujordaPi:l
eRCIserIsykpvenH
BYkExrRkhm
k*bg,vinaskm
EzmeT[t edaymgenH bukmuxRBYj eTArkGg<kar GaRbUnuc edayRtg>Etmg.
218
rdZmnuJExr
Ca RBHmhakSRt ehIy RBHCaya Gkmag mUnic
Edl:nRtUvRbkasoeRbIenAz
24 kJa qaM 1993
41
:nTTYlfan;Ca RBH
mehsI. elak h)un Esn nig RBHGg<masrN#Ti enAEtCa shnaykrdmRnI
dEdl KW RBHGg<masrN#Ti Ca naykrdmRnI TI 1 elak h)un Esn Ca

naykrdmRnI TI 2. enAeBlEdlman rdZmnuJ manrdsPa man rdaPi:l
La Constitution khmre promulgue

Le 24 septembre 1993
enAeBlEdlExrRkhmeZIVkarvayRbharbeg,ItomanGsnisuxenAkgRbeTs
bn mkeT[t kgT&BrdaPi:l k*xitxM eZIVkarTbTlvij yag eBjTMhwgEdr.
mgenH kgT&BExrRkhm :kTwkcityagxaMg eRJH eKRtUvbMpajCivitmnusS nig

ehdarcnasm&n rbs ExrGsCaeRcIn. BYkeK:n:jkabsmab GkeZIVdMeNIr
stRtg tamrzePIg kMeTcsan nig zlCati terkatERkg . mYyvijeT[t

kgT&BrdaPi:l k*dUcCakgT&B hVnsIunebc nig rNsirrMedaH BlrdExr
CaedIm EdleZIVRbtibtikarswk eRkamTg rbseK paler[g>xn :neZIVkarTb
Tl xbminoBYkExrRkhmecj BItMbn EdleKkankab :neLIy. KWenAeBl

enaHehIyEdleyaZa ExrRkhm CaeRcInrynak RBmTaMg nayTahan sMxan>
rbseKpgEdr naMKasMucuHcUlrdaPi:l. enAz 16 kJaqaM 1993 dEdlenaH
KeRmagrdZmnuJ :nRtUvykmk BiPakSa GseBl CaeRcInz ehIyenATIbMput

:nRtUvsPaZmnuJ Gnum&tEtmg . bnabBI :nGnum&t rdZmnuJehIy sPa
ZmnuJ k*:nkayeTACardsPa KWGg<kar nItib|Jti eBjlkN;. enAz 24

kJardZmnuJ :nRtUvRbkasoeRbI . semc neratm sIhnu :nRtYvEtgtaMg
219
ehIy RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs k* RtUvbJbebskkm rbs xn CasV&yRbvti .
RbkarEdl KYroktsMKalKWza tamry;rdZmnuJenH RbeTskmCa :nkay

eTACaraCaNacRkvij bnabBI:nqgkat rbb neya:y 3 KWrbb saZarN
rdExr42 rbb kmCaRbCaZibety43 rbb sZarNrdRbCamanitu kmCa44
Edl :nbreQaHmkCa rdkmCa enAqaM 1989 .
enAkg rbbraCaniym zIenH RBHmhakSRt RTgRKgraC buEn minkan
GMNaceT . eKehAza rbb raCaniymGaRs&yrdZmnuJ buEn mindUc rbb
raCaniymGaRs&yrdZmnuJ kalqaM 1947 eT eRJHkalenaH RBHmhakSRt
manGMNac GaceZVIGnraKmn :n enAkgkrNIEdlRBHmhakSRtylza Cakar

caM:c. enAkgrbbraCaniym qaM 1993 enH RBHmhakSRt EdlRtYveRCIserIs
edayRkumRbwkSaraCsm|timantYnaTICa RBHRbmuxrdGsmYyCIvit . rIrbbneya

:yvij
41
KW
RtUvRbkanyklTiRbCaZibety
esrIniym
BhubkS
dUckal
Monique Izzi ekItenAz 18 mizuna 1936 . enAExkum; qaM 1992 man
fan;Ca semc RBHraCCaya . enAqaM 1993 manfan; Ca semc

RBHmehsI .
42
rbbRbCaZibety esrIniym tamEbbbT bsimRbeTs .
43
rbb kumynis rbs ExrrRkhm bul Bt
44
rbb kumynis ehg sMrwn

220
CMnan qaM 1947 Edr KW sm&y:raMgRtYtRta45 . Gg<karnitib|Jti KW rdsPa
snisJa nig GnusJaGnrCati RBmTaMg nItiRkmepSg>eT[tCa edIm munnwg
viZIeRCIserIseqat Casmat . enAkg rdZmnuJ EdlRtUvRbkasoeRbI enAqaM
CaZrman. c|ab TaMgLayenaH GacnwgRtUv 1 PaK 4 nsmaCikRBwTsPa nig 1
RtUvecjBIkare:HeqatCaskl edayesrI edayesIPaB edaycMeJH nig tam
bJneTAzVayRBHmhakSRt rdmRnI TI 1 RbZanRBwTsPa edIm|IRbkasocUl
1993 enaH RBWTsPa BMuTan:nRtUvbeg,ItenAeLIyeT KW TalEt z 8 minaqaM
PaK 10 n smaCikrdsPa yagticbMput RBHmhakSRt nig tulakarbJn
ZM> dUcCa rdsPa rdaPi:l CaedIm eKk*eXIjmansab&nmYyEdr sRmabZana
nuJ
1999 eTIbsab&nenH:nRtUvbeg,It tamry; viesaZnkmmYy . eRkABI sab&n

ZmnuJPaB KW RkumRbwkSaZmnuJ. buEn Gg<karenH Kan TItaMgfananuRkm enAkg
GMNactulakareT .
enAkgrdZmnuJ
1993
Edl :nRtUveZIVviesaZnkm
dg
mkTl
nwgeBlenH KW enAz 14 kk,daqaM 1994 mg ehIy enAz 8 minaqaM 1999

mg fananuRkm n GMNactulakar manEt 3 bueNaH KW ebIrabBIeRkameTAelI
rYmman ? saladMbUg salaTrN nig tulakarkMBUl. dUcenH rdZmnuJExr

BMuman
reb[bdUc
rdZmnuJ
GgksaksugeT
taMgBIrdZmnuJqaM
1947
rhUtmkdlqaM 1964 eKBMuEdl eXIjmanRbB&n sRmabRtYtBinit ZmnuJ
PaBeT.
enAkgmaRta
119
rdZmnuJ
1993
eKeXIjman
EtsiTibk
RsayGtbT rdZmnuJ bueNaH . manEtrdZmnuJ z 30 emsaqaM 1972
eTAoRkumRbwkSaZmnuJBinit.
rdZmnuJ
qaM
1993
:n
vileTArk
reb[b:raMg
dEdlvij . eTaHCayagenHkI enAkgrdZmnuJ enH RkumRbwkS ZmnuJ man

smtkic
45
sMxanmYycMnYnEdr
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:neZIVGnraKmn ykGMNacmkkan xnRBHGg<vijedayyk maRta 21 eZVI

CamUlgan . enAqaM 1955 man viesaZnkmmYy d*sMxan .
221
nUvesckI
seRmc
citTaMgLay rbs
rdsPa
enAkgkrNIEdlesckIseRmc citTaMgenaH pynwg eKalkarN rkSao:n
nUvkraC bUN(PaBEdndI nig kPaB neya:y rbsRbeTsCati .
lTiRbCaZibety
enA RbeTs kmCa
eRkaykare:Heqat qaM1993
La dmocratie au Cambodge
aprs les lections de 1993
bueNaHEdl:nEcg BItulakarZmnuJ buEn Gg<karenHeT[t k*KantYnaTIGIV enA

kgGMNactulakarEdr.
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smtkic sMxanmYyeT[t rbsRkumRbwkSa Zm
cabtaMgBIqaM 1993 mk bnabBImanrdZmnuJehIy RbeTskmCa RtUv
ksagxneLIgvij
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BhubkS
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ehIy karGnuvtneKalkarNenH CakickarmYy d* Bi:kBneBkRk . GVI>Edl
RbvtisaRs:n
46
bnSlTuko
dUcCavb|Zm(
sab&nraCaniymeTvraC46
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:nEtgtaMgedayBBYkeTv; ehIyCaGtMNageTv;TaMgGsenAfanmnusSelak.
222
RKYsarniym CaedIm enAEtsitenA Cakta kMNt bdivaTkm vibti GMNac nig
GnuvtlTiRbCaZibety o:nlenAeLIy . karecaTRbkanEbb enHBMuRtwmRtUv
RbCaZibety edaysuTciteT. GkviPaKxHylza bNalmkBI kaksMNl
laPsk,arKa edaytekatERkg KW hakbIdUc CaeKyk GMNac sRmabEt
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n lTikumynispackar. karBit KWmkBIktaTaMgBIrenHrYmKa minGacpacecj
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eT eRJHkarBit KW Gkneya:yeT EdleQaHRbEkk deNImGMNacdeNIm

buNwg
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karvivtn
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sIBIbJaenH
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nis EdldeNImTiBlKa RtYtRtaRsukExrpgeT. Gkcaj kgkare:Heqat BMu
groupes) enAeBlenaH dUcteTA ? RkumEdlxaMgCageK KWRkum rbs elak h)un
epSg> dUcCakarkMhit rbs RKYsarsacjatiCaedIm. GkRbePT cugeRkayenH
TMnas nigkarCanaKavij CayuTsaRs rvag cin nwg ev[tNam eKGacniyay
ehIy TTYlGMNac Ekgkay bnicbnc
nisTaMgBIrenH Etmg edIm|IRbQmmux nwg RkumGkRbCaZibety esrIniym
RBmcajeT
rIGkQHenAkgkrNIxH
k*suxcitcaj
eTAvijEdr
edayRbkar
suxcite:HbgesckIbgR:za rbs Gkmaseqat ehIysuxciteZVIcajeTAvij

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nig enAcMeJHmuxkarKMramkMEhgrbs GkEdlxitxMBRgwgbnmkeT[t nUvGMNac

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Edr. eTaHbI kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs qaM1991 :nbJakyagc|asza vasna

rbs RbeTskmCa RtUvkMNt edaykare:Heqat k*edaykI k* eKalkarNenH
ykmkGnuvtRtwmRtUv minekItTalEtesaH KWhakbIdUcCa Gkneya:y ExrBMu
TanmansartI stiGarmN RKbRKansRmab sRmbeTAtameKalkarN Ebg

EckGMNac nig eKalkarNeprGMNac tamEbbbTRbCaZibety esrI Bhu
bkSesaH
(alternance) . emaHehIy edIm|IedaHRsay vibtiepSg> GkdwknaM n
GMNacnImYy>
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oRBHmhakSRt
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Esn nig KNbkS RbCaCn KaMRTedayev[tNampgEdr. enAkg bribT n
:nza elak h)un Esn nig KNbkSRbCaCn mankarKaMRTBIRbeTs kumy

bsimRbeTspg ehIy edIm|ITukkEng sRmabBYkeK eZIVvinieyaK nig BRgIk
visalPaB GnutrPaB rbseK enAkgtMbnpg Ca Biess edIm|I RbqaMg nwg

eKalkarN RbCaZibety BhubkS nig sTimnusS EdlbsimRbeTs dak
kMhitpg. RbeTsTaMgenaHeKylza ebIRbeTskmCa brGkdwknaM tamEbbbT

RbCaZibety eKnwg:tbglT PaBBRgIkTiBl rbseK enAkgtMbn Ca BMu
xan
rIRkumGkRbCaZibety
esrIniymvij
BYkeK:nRtUvBYkExrRkhm
EdlCasm&nmit rbs cin vaykkMeTcecal taMgBIqaM 1975 mkeNaH .

elak sWn san :nsakl|g ksag clnaenH CazImgeT[t enAqaM 1979
buEn:nRtUv ExrRkhm nig semc neratm sIhnu RKbdNbvij . sUm|IEt
KNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc EdlCaKNbkS rbs RBHGg< esaHenaH k*

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sMKalza eRkaykare:Heqat enAExsPa qaM 1993 EdlRbCaCnExr CaeRcIn
ec[svagdacxat minoer eTAtambsimRbeTs .
rbbcas BImundEdlvij . eKEtgEtniyayza RbCaCnExrBMuTan mankRmit
tMNagrbbraCaniymenARsukExr. bnabBIsemc neratm sIhnu bgMoRBHGg<
GsarKWCit 90 % :ncUlrYm RbeTskmCaZak bnicmg> eTAkg reb[b
223
Rkumneya:yZM mYyeT[t KW Rkumrbs RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti Gk
224
masrN#Ti rYbrYmCamYy elak h)un Esn KNbkSraCaniymenH k* Gaccat
TiBl
ehIyEdlenAkgenaH man RkumGkGtItkumynis. eTaHbI maneBlxHGkdwknaM
rkSaCanic nUv KMnit beNjRBHGg< ecjBI qakneya:yExr. sUm|IEtRBH
Tukza sitenAkgceg,am nmhaRKYsar neya:y RbqaMg nwgbsimRbeTsEdr

n KNbkS raCa niymExrenH ercuHereLIg BwgEpkeTAelIkmaMgepSg> eT[t
enAeBl manTMnaspkgmg>kI
k*tamkarBit eKBMuGacpacxnecjBI
mhaRKY
sarenHEdr . rITMnaspkg Edl kMNtkarbtEbn TaMgbunanenaH KWGaRs&y
eTAtamkal;eTs;pg nig tamkarcaM:c kMNttulPaB rvagdKU rbseKpg

eRJHeKsgwmza eKGac deNImykGMNac BIelak h)un Esn:n eTaHenAkg
bribTPUumisaRs_neya:ydEdlkI. eKaledA KWrkSaGtiPaB rbseKpgehIy
vayyk
TItaMgdKU
rbseKEtmgebI
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CaBiessebImankarERb
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Ca mnusSxaMg . eK nwgseg,teXIj Cabnbnab enAeBleRkay> mkeT[tza
edIm|IeZIVkickarenH
RBHGg<mas
rbsRBHmhakSRt neratm
neratm
sIhnu
pg
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kmaMg TI 3 Canic KW ebIKan KWRtUvbeg,Itoman ehIy ebImanrYcehIy RtUvecH

eRbIkmaMgenaH edaysartIcRbDitbMput eJlKW minoman TMnas CamUldan
RBHGg<masrN#Ti smwgemIlkarERbRbYl nsPaBkarNCanic ehIysgwm

za zNamYy Gacnwg ykGMNac:nTaMgmUlmkvij.
dUecH rvag kmaMgmYy
EdlGaccuHTiBl nwg kmaMgmYyeT[tEdl kMBugcabepIm kekIteLIg saCazI

RBHGg<masrN#Ti eZIV karzwgEzg yaghtct . rIeKalkarN KWRtUvmanvt
manCanic kgqakneya:y. karBit enAeBlmYyEdl cin nig ev[tNamman

225
yuTsaRsenH BMugay nwgGnuvt:neLIy.
pyeTAvij
RBHGg<masrN#Ti sitenACa eRKaHzakmYyd*ZMsRmabGtItCnkumynis Edl
mhakSRt k*BMuGacman KMnit epSgBI GkTaMgenaH :neLIy . KWwenAkgbribT
PUmisaRs _ neya:yenHehIy EdllTiRbCaZibety enA kmCa EtgEtCYb

nwg vibti Caer]y> .
xwmsar n rdZmnuJ n RbeTskmCa
qaM 1993 ( rdZmnuJ Edl:nRtUvGnum&t

enAz 21 kJaehIyEdl:nRtUvRbkas
oeRbI enAz 24 kJaqaM 1993
Le contenu de la Constitution du
Cambodge de 1993
( adopte le 21 septembre 1993 et
promulgue le 24 septembre 1993)
eLIy ehIy ebIman RtUvkMcatecjCabnan. CaBiess RtUv eZIVyagNa kMuo
kmaMgTI 3 enaH deNImykGMNac:n Cadacxat . edayeRbI neya:yenH
enAkgtMbn
rdZmnuJExr Edl:nRtUvGnum&t enAz 21 kJa qaM 1993 ehIy
Edl:nRtUvRbkasoeRbI
zbnabmk
(KW
rdZmnuJEdlBMuTan:nRtUveZIV
viesaZnkmenAeLIy) manTaMgGs 139 maRta ehIyEckecj Ca 14 CMBUk .

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EtgeLIg
enAkg
kal;eTs;mYy
EdlRbeTskmCa
kMBugqgkatdMNakkar
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226
seg,teXIjza bJakarkar JrGZibety CabJamYyd*ZM ehIy :nRtUvelIk
tamry;maRta 7 CMBUk TI 2 RbeTskmCa :nvil mkrk rbb
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raCaniym GaRs&yrdZmnuJvij bnabBI:nqgkat rbb saZarNrd BIr nig
karJr CatimatuPUmi rbsxn TbTl nwg kareRC{tERCk BIsMNak breTs KW
kmkr ksikr nig Blkr n RsTabsg<m nana EtbueNaH . rdZmnuJqaM
CaskIkm EdlbJakza GksresrGtbT mansartIRbugRby&txs kgkar
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rbb bul Bt EdlRKanEtEcgza ; rdkmCa CardRbCaZibety Card rbs
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KWCa kardkbTBiesaZnmYy d* muWgmat eRkayeBlEdl breTs :ncUlmk
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kmCa :npugxn eTAkgsRg<amGsry;eBlCag 20 qaMmkeRJHEtGkdwknaMxH
ehIy edIm|I ec[svag vibti enAeBlGnaKtpg maRta 10 Ecgyagc|asza
eRC{tERCkkgRbeTs
swgEtrkkledaHxnBMurYc
ehIyeRkayeBlEdlRbeTs
emIlRsalsPaBkarN ehIy eZVsRbEhs Tukcit mhamit rbs eK RCul
RBHmhakSRt CaRBHRbmuxrdmYyCIvit. edIm|IsRmbeTAtamsanPaBbcb|n pg
rbbraCaniym kmCa CarbbeRCIstaMg. RBHmhakSRt tmanGMNac eRCIs
hYsehtueBk . KwenAkgn&yenHehIy EdlmaRta 1 vakxNTI 2 :n Ecgza
taMg RBHrCTayaT sRmabRKbRKg raCsm|tieLIy. bnabmk maRta 13
mincUlbkSsm&n . eRkABIkardkbTBiesaZn EpkRbvtisaRsenH eKk*seg,t
edayRkumRbwkSaraCsm|ti . RkumRbwkSaraCsm|timan ? RbZanrdsPa nayk
; RBHraCaNacRkkmCa Card kraC GZibety sniPaB GBaRkwtGciRny
eXIjpgEdrza eKmankarBi:keRcIn kgkarRbKl karxusRtUvepSg> eRJHRtUv

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mankarsKsajRkElg
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nig
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Edlza RbeTskmCa :neRCIserIsyk rbbesdkic esrI buEn man maRtaCa
bJakyagc|asza
rdmRnI
RBHmhakSRtzI
semcRBHsgraC
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nig
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KN;Zmyutiknikay
Gnu
RbZan TI 1 nigGnuRbZan TI 2 n rdsPa. eKseg,teXIjza RbZanrdsPa

mantYnaTImYy d*sMxan enAkgrbbneya :yExrenH KwtakEtg nItikmTaMgmUl
rbsRbeTs k*buEn eKBMueXIjman karkMhitoman Gg<RbCMuCaGciRnyeT .
rIlTPaBBitR:kdrbs GktMNagraRs kgkarRtYtBinitskmPaB rbsrda
eRcIn EdlxitxMyagNa edIm|IkMuoZakeTAkg karRbkYtRbECg dacbeg{r. Gt
Pi:l k* tictYcsc esIgeTAeT[t . enAkgrdZmnuJ sm&yTMenIb> Edl
Biess siTirbsRsI. ebIeRb{beZ[b eTAnwg rdZmnuJ rbs RbeTsmYycMnYn
GMNac nItiRbtibti .
bTCaeRcIneZIVkarTbTl yagmZ&t edIm|I rkSayutiZm(sg<m nig siTibuK<l Ca

eKGacniyay:nza rdZmnuJExr qaM 1993 enH manklN;eC]nel]neRcIn
eRCIserIsyk rbbsPa eKeXIjmanbeckeTseRcInNas sRmabRtYtBinit
enAkgrdZmnuJ qaM 1993 eTaHbI mankarEcg yagc|asza RBHmha
dUcCa karTTYls<alsTirbsnarI esInwg burs kgkareRCIserIsmuxrbr k*dUc
kSRt n RbeTskmCa RTgRKgraCsm|ti buEn minkanGMNackI k* eKseg,t
c|as enAkgmaRta 36 .
na kraCCati GZibety bUN(PaBEdndI Zana kareKarBsiTi nig esrIPaB
CakarTTYlR:kbMNacesIKa cMeJHkargardUcKaCaedIm. siTienH manEcg yag
227
eXIjpgEdrza RBHmhakSRtTTYlxusRtUvkickarRbeTs RKbvis&y KWtaMgBIZa
228
rbsBlrd ZanakareKarB snisJaGnrCatirhUtdleTA LayRBHhselxa
BIrdZmnuJ qaM 1947 EdlmaRta 21 Ecgza GMNacTaMgGs Ca rbs RBH
karseRmc yagNaenaH GMBI kickarepSg> EdlRBHmhakSRt RtUvTTYlxus
rdZmnuJ. karBit KWmann&yza ; KWRBHmhakSRteTEdlCamasGMNac Kw min
elIRBHraCRkwtEtgtaMgpasbr dkhUt ecARkmEpkyutaZikareT[tpg.
buEn
RtUv Kw manEt rdsPa nig rdaPi:lbueNaH EdlCaGkmansiTiseRmc eRJH
eyageTAtammaRta 18 RBHmhakSRt RTgTakTg CamYyrdsPa eday RBHraC

sar bueNaH ehIyRBHraCsarenHeT[t rdsPa minGacykeTA CECkBiPakSa
:neLIy. dUecHeXIjza RBHmhakSRt minEmnRtwmEtCa nimitrUb n RbeTs
CatibueNaHeT EtRTg k*RtUvTTYlxusRtUvelIkickar EdlRBHGg< min:nseRmc

ylRBm pgeT[t . cMeJHsab&nEdlmansTieZIV nig seRmckickarepSg>
k* seRmcGVI min:nRtwmRtUv tamnItiviZI Edr ebIKan karLayRBHhselxa
mhakSRt buEn
GMNac
TaMgenaH
RtYveRbIeTAtamEbbbT
EdlmanEcgenAkg
Emn RbCaraRsNaEdlCa masGMNacenaH. buEnenAkgrdZmnuJ qaM 1947

enaH kareRbIR:sGMNac rbsRBHmhakSRt CaParkic rbssSrCn sab&n
epSg>. enAkgn&yenH RBHmhakSRt GacvilRtLb mkkanGMNacvij enAkg
kal;eTscaM:c KW eBlEdlGg<karepSg> minGaceZIVskmPaB:n. enAkg

rdZmnuJ qaM 1993 RBHmhakSRt BMuGac ykGMNac:nesaHeLIy KW biTCit
sgTaMgGs.
cMeJHkareZIVviesaZnkm
edIm|Ibrrbb
raCaniymGaRs&yrdZm
nuJ k*BMuGaceZIVeTA:nEdr eRJHmaRta 134 hamdacxatminoeZIV. k*buEn kar
vtman CanimitrUb rbs RBHmhakSRt. ebIRBHmhakSRt RTgminylRsb nwg
bHJldl RbB&nRbCaZibetyesrIBhubkS k*minGaceZIVeTA:nEdr. niyay
eT[t
minkanGMNacEmn EtCaGkTTYlxusRtUvrYm) k* vtman nig karLayRBHhs
GMeBI karseRmcepSg> rbs sab&nrdnana RBHmhakSRt k*KansiTidakraC

eRJHmaRta
rdmYyCIvit.
vakxN
eTaHbIRBHmha
TI
Ecgza
RBHmhakSRtRTgCaRBHRbmux
kSRtExrRKanEtCanimitrUb
nRbeTsCatikI
k*eK
emIleTAeXIjza vaBMuEmndUecHTaMgGsenaHeT eRJHRBHmhakSRt k*mansiTi pc
epImKMnitEdr oEtmankarylRBmBI GMNacnItib|Jti nig GMNacnItiRbtibti.

TahrN; maRta 132 enAkgCMBUkTI 3 sIBIGanuPaBkaresIerI nig viesaZnkm
rdZmnuJ EcgdUecHza; karepImKMnitesIerI karepImKMnit eZIVviesaZnkm rdZm
nuJ CasiTi rbsRBHmhakSRt rbs naykrdmRnI nig rbsRbZanrdsPa
tamesckIesI rbsGktMNagraRsmYyPaK 4 (1/ 4) ncMnYn smaCik rdsPa
TaMgmUl .
edaysegb eTaHbI RBHmhakSRt minkanGMNack*eday ( ebIniyayocM KW
elxa rbs RBHmhakSRt CakarcaM:c ehIy enAkgmaRtaxH RBHGg<mansiTi

Edr buEn siTienaH RseBcRsBilNas eRJHRtUvcgPab CamYy siTi rbs
sab&nnanadEdl . kickarTaMgLay nig dMeNIrkar n rdZmnuJ minGac

RbRBwteTA
tamnItiviZIRtwmRtUveT
manviesaZnkmmYyenAz
14
ebIKannimitrUbTaMgGm|almanenaH.
kk,daqaM
1994
GaccuHht
elxaCMnYs:n . buEnenAkgkrNIenH KWTalEtRBHmhakSRt manCmWQWZnZr

edayman karbJk dUcmanEcgkgGtbT .
eTaHCayagenHkI GVIEdleKktsMKal enAkgrdZmnuJ Edl:nRtUvGnum&t
enA z 21 kJaqaM 1993 enaH KWza eK:neZIVGVIRKbEbbyagedIm|I kMuoRBH

mhakSRtcUlmkeRC{tERCkkgkickarrd eJlKW CakardkbTBiesaZn d*CUrct
229
eTIbRbmuxrdsITI
TalEt
230
RKanEt cglbgaj naykrdmRnI bueNaH buEn Kw rdsPaeT EdlCaGkpl
GMNac nItib|Jti nig
karTukcit minTukcit. enAkgrdZmnuJExrsBVz k*dUcCardZmnuJ:raMg qaM
GMNac nItiRbtibti enAkg
1946
GuIcwgEdr
Gg<karEdleZIVc|ab
eJlKW
Gg<karnItib|Jti
CaGg<karEt
mYyKt EdleRCIstaMg naykrdmRnI k*BitEmn k*buEn rdaPi:l Gg<kar nIti
rdZmnuJExr qaM 1993
Le pouvoir lgislatif et le pouvoir excutif dans la

Constitution khmre de 1993
Rbtibti manGMNac d*ZMeZg eRJHmanGktMNagraRs n KNbkS rbseK

EdlCaGkQHeqat
KW
mtiPaKeRcIn
CaGkeZIVc|ab
Gnum&tesckIseRmc
rbs rdaPi:l dEdlCadEdl. ebIcMnYnenH QaneTAdl 2 PaK 3 n cMnYn
CardZmnuJ
smaCik rdsPaTaMgmUlenaH KwrdaPi:lEtmg EdlCaGkseRmcvasna rbs
n&yenH GMNacTaMgmUl Ca rbsRbCaBlrd. maRta 51 Ecg yagc|as GMBI
:l buEn enAkgrdZmnuJ sBVz enH meZa:y nig beckeTs manminRKb
Catirbsxn. GMNacTaMgGs CarbsBlrd . RbCaBlrdeRbIGMNac rbs
manbeckeTssMxan> sRmab ordsPa RtYtBinitskmPaB rbsrdaPi:l
minaqaM 1999 :nbEnm sab&nmYyeT[t KWRBwTsPa . rdsPa mantYnaTI d*
kar sRmabeZIVkarGeg,t sMNMuer]gepSg> k*svnkmGVIc|aslaseT. eK
eRCIstaMg edayRbCaBlrd tamkare:Heqat Caskl edayesrI edayesI
eBlbueNaH .
mRnI _KWGkdwknaMrdaPi:l_ maRta 119 zI Ecgza; tamesckIesIBIRbZan
96 dEdlenaH enARtg vakxN TI 5 cMeJH cemIypalmat RbZanrdsPa
RTgcattaMg vrCnmYyrUb kgcMeNamGktMNagraRs n KNbkS EdlQH
xNTI 6 enAkgkrNIEdlebIkoman karedjedal k* karbreyablenaHmin
rdZmnuJ:raMgqaM 1946 EdlpleTAordsPa nUv tYnaTImYy d*sMxan ehIy
rdsPaGacTmak smaCik KNrdmRnI TmakrdaPi:l BI tMENg eday
vibti rdaPi:leRcIneBk. enAkgrdZmnuJ:raMgqaM 1946 enaH RbZanaZibtI
smaCik rdsPa TaMgmUl . buEn rdsPa GacelIkyk bJaenH mkBinit:n
dUceyIg:neyIjrYcmkehIy
rdZmnuJ
qaM
1993
EdleRCIserIsyk rbbneya:y RbCaZibetyesrIniymBhubkS . enAkg
RbeTs. CakarBitNasEdlza rdsPa Ca GkXaMemIlskmPaB rbsrdaPi
RbPBnGMNacenH edaybJakza ; R bCaBlrdExr Camasvasna n RbCa
RKaneT sRmabeZIVkickar d*ZMenH . enAkgrdZmnuJExrqaM 1993 eKBMueXIj
xn tamry; rdsPa raCrdaPi:l nig salaCRmHkI . viesaZnkm naz 6
o:nditdleT. eKBMueXIjmanEcgo:nc|as GMBI lTPaBcattaMg KNkm
sMxan eRJHGnuelam eTAtammaRta 76 vakxNTI 2 Casab&n Edl:nRtUv
eXIjmanEt sMnYr Ca laylkNGkSr nig karehAsYr edjedal EtmYy
PaB edaycMeJH nig tamviZIeRCIseqatCasmat. sIBI karcattaMg naykrd
CakarBitehIyEdlzamaRta 96 EcgGMBIkarRtYtBinitenH . buEnenAkgmaRta
rdsPa edaymanmti kPaB BI GnuRbZanTaMgBIr n rdsPa RBHmhakSRt
GacseRmcebIkoman minoman karCECk edjedal ehIy enARtg vak
eqat obeg,ItraCrdaPi:l. rdZmnuJExrenHmanlkN;RbhakRbEhl nwg
Gacman ezrevla hYsBI mYyeBlRbCMu :neLIy. eyageTAtammaRta 98
EdlcgcgPabrdsPa nwg rdaPi:l o:n CitsiT edIm|Iec[svag kMuoman
Gnum&t jtibenas
231
(motion de censure) tamsMeLgeqat 2 PaK 3 n cMnYn
232
TalEtmanGktMNagraRscMnYn
30
nak :nesIeLIg.
dUecHeXIjza
bJa
EdlsMxan KW karXaMemIlskmPaB rbsrdaPi:l> EdlkabGMNac swgEt

TaMgGseTAehIy eJlKW EpnkarrdTaMgGs rIrdsPaRKanEtGnum&t bueNaH.
enAkgrdZmnuJ qaM 1993 rdsPa RbCMuCa samJ 2 dgkgmYyqaM . sm&y

RbCMu nImYy> manezrevla yagtic 3 Ex . ebImansMNUmBr BIRBHmhakSRt
esckIesI BInaykrdmRnI BI smaCikrdsPa cMnUn 1 PaK 3 yagtic
KNkmaZikarGciRny rdsPa ekaHRbCMurdsPaCa visamJ. dUcenAkgrdZm

nuJ eT[t>Edr rdsPaGnum&t zvikaCati Epnkarrd karordmRnIxIR:kBIeK
k* oeK xIR:k kicsnanana EpkhirJvt nig karEkERb lubecalBndar
RBmTaMgkickarRbeTsCatiZM> mYycMnYneT[t dUcCakarylRBm lubecal
snisJa GnusJaGnrCati karGnum&tc|absIBI karRbkas sRg<am karGnu
m&tc|ab sIBIkarelIkElgeTasCaedIm . kickarenH manTMhMZMNas ehIyebI
el|Ikcck
cck
La fable du loup
rdsPaKan KNkmkar Geg,t eRcIneT KW Gac nwgRtUv rNbTaMgRsug eTAtam

Gg<kar nItiRbtibti .
233
234
kicRBmeRB{g sniPaB TIRkug:rIs :nRtUv ykmkGnuvt:nRtwmkare:H
eqatesrI qaM 1993 bueNaH ehIy min:ndUceKaledAEdl kicRBmeRB{genaH

:nkMNtpg eRJH elak h)un Esn minRBmTTYls<allTpl n kare:H
CMBUk 11
eqat Edl:nRbRBwteTA tameKalkarNRtwmRtUv. bkS RbCaCn nig bkSraCa
vilmkrkcMNucedImvij
enAstvtSr TI 19 kvIExr snr muk :nniBner]g el|Ikcck
niym h)VnsIunebc EbrCa EbgEckGMNacKa edIm|IraMgs,atkMuobkSepSgeT[t
ykGMNac:n ehIybrneya:yeRkARbeTs rbsBYkeK. edayGkdwknaMExr

47
edIm|I
niyayBI KMnitcgZM elIseKg rbscck EdlenATIbMputkay eTACacckvij

buEnRtUv:tbg narICaTIRsLaj nigesckIsuxsan EdlZab mankalBIeBl
mun . RBwtikarN EdlekItman enARsukExr k*GaceRb{b:n eTAnwg er]genH

Edr. eBlEdlExr:nkraCBI:raMg ExrmanlTPaB RKbRKanTaMgGs edIm|I
ksagRbeTsCati oedIrTansm&y ehIymankarZanaGnrCati sBVEbbyag.
buEn pyeTAvij GkdwknaM ExrEbrCae:Hbg P&BVsMNagenH ecalTaMgGseTA

vij
(snisITTIRkughSWENv qaM 1954). eRkaykarrlMrlayshPaB sUev[t
enAqaM 1991 Exr:nTTYl P&BVsMNagmYyeT[t KW kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs
buEn saCazIeT[t GkdwknaMExr nasm&yenaH :ne:Hbg kicRBmeRB{g enaH
ecaleT[t edIm|IvileTArk karxusq<g kalBI TsvtSrM 1960. kvI snr muk

:nniTan er]gcck dUecHza ? eBl cck niyayza xneKR:za cgekIt Ca
RBHsuriya ykSeRbtmYy EdlEsVgrkGahar ehIyEdl:nsab Gsesc

kI k*kaLaxn CaRBHRnaZiraC mkCYbcck . ykSeRbtenaH R:b cckza KWCa
enAeBlenaH mineKarB eKalkarN kicRBmeRB{g GnrCatienaH EdlkMhito

yklTpl
kare:HeqatCaZM
shKmn
RbCMuer]geRBgExr PaK 4, Institut Boudhique, 3
me
beNayosankarN vivt eTAtam yzakmEtmgeTA. semc neratm sIhnu
EdlcgbRgYbbRgYmExr edaypalRBHGg< k*eZVIkarbRgYbbRgYmenH BMuekIt ehIy

ykGMNacBI bkSRbCaCnvij k*BMuekIt. rdRbharExkk,da qaM 1997 :n bJb
GpiRkm sniPaBenH ehIy ebIkpv osRg<ammYyeT[t cabepIm saCazI eT[t.

RbeTsev[tNamEdlKaMRTelakh)un Esn enAeBlenaH cabepImelb TwkdIExr
ehIy RbeTscin Edlmansemc sIhnu CakUnGuk
k*xMeZVIyagNa ykTwkdI
Exrvij o:ndUckalCMnan bul Bt . CnCatiExrEdlylBIer]genH ehIy
EdlmkRCkekan enAbreTs CaBiess enA shrd Gaemrik nig RbeTs:raMg

xitxMTamTar oyk kicRBmeRB{g sniPaBTIRkug:rIs mkGnuvt vij buEn
GnrCati mankarsakesIr eRJHxacer]g cRkclna ZakzyeRkay dEdlenH

ekItmaneLIgmgeT[t.
Edition ; Institut
de lAsie du Sud-Est, 1982

235
EdlRbjabbJb
GZikrN rvag RbeTs EdlCabJkB&n k* GslTPaB CYyExreT[t ehIy
kargayNas KWRKanEtbeNayxn oykSbisacqIsacQamKWCakareRsc.

47
GnrCati
236
eq{trMedaH TwkdIExr EdlRbeTsev[tNam:nelb taMgBIstvtSrTI 17 mk
sanPaB PUumisaRs_neya:y n RbeTs
vij:npgeT[t. eday eRJHEtehtuenHehIy :nCaRbeTsev[tNam Edl
kmCa enAqaM 1993
mankarKaMRT yageBjTMhwgBI shPaB sUev[t taMgBIsm&y hU CImij mk

:nsakl|gkabyk tMbnenH o:nmuncin. rIRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti
Situation gopolitique du Cambodge

en 1993
dUceyIg:ndwg
rYcmkehIy
rdaPi:l
Edl :nTTYlC&yCMnHeTAelI elak h)un Esn nKNbkS RbCaCn enA
kgkare:HeqatesrI elIkdMbUgbgs eRkamOvaT rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati
Edl:nTTYlkarTukcit
rdsPa enAz 29 tula qaM 1993 Ca rdaPi:lk|alBIr
BI
(Gouverne-ment
bicphale) eRJHman naykrdmRnI dleTABIrrUb KW RBHGg<mas neratm
rN#Ti GkdwknaM KNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc nig elak h)un Esn
GkdwknaMmak nGtItKNbkSkumynis kalsm&ykgT&Bev[tNam elIkT&B
cUl mkkgTwkdIExr vayrMlM rbb bul Bt EdlCa sRtUvrbseK ehIyEdl

:nsmabRbCaCnExr GsCit 2 lannak . cMeJHRbvtisaRsExr vrCnTaMg
BIrrUbenH suTEtmanKuNUbkar;er[g> xn. elak h)un Esn EdlkalenaH

sitenAeRkamkardwknaM rbsKNbkS RbCaCnbdivtkmCa :nrMedaHRbCaCn
ExroputBI
RkjaMBYkExrRkhm
bul
Bt
buEn
k*CaGkEdl:nnaM
kgT&B
ev[tNam cUlmkkgRbeTskmCaEdr. tamkarBit eTaHbIKanelak h)un Esn
k*eday k*RbeTsev[tNam RtUvEtcUlmkRsukExr vayrMlM rbb bul Bt Edr

eRJHenAeBlenaH TIRkughaNUyk*dUcCaTIRkugmUs<Edr eKminGacTuko bdivtn
ExrRkhm EdlCadeCIg rbscin taMgTIenARsukExr:neT . ev[tNamxac
ERkg RbeTscineRbI bul Bt ovaylukRbeTseK edIm|IBRgIkBRgwg TiBl
lTiemAniympg ehIy vatTwkdIrbseK enAkgGtItNcin:raMgTaMgmUlpg.

rIExrRkhm xag bul Btvij eKmanCMen]za tamry; yuTsaRsenH eKGac
237
CaRBHraCbuRtmYyGg< rbs RBHmhakSRtExr RBH:T neratm sIhnu Edl

eRkayeBl:nkraCBI:raMg
:neRCIserIsyk RbeTscinkumynis eZIVCa
sm&nmit yuTsaRs . enA cugTsvtS 1980 eday shPaB sUev[t rlM
rlay:teTA RbeTs ev[tNam k*GsbEgkmYy d*sMxan . TIRkughaNUy

RtUvEbreTArk
cinvij
edIm|IkarJr
rbbkumynisrbseK
ebIniyayocM
edIm|IkarJr GkdwknaMkumynis rbseK bneTAeT[t . ehtudUecHehIy:nCa

GkdwknaMkumynisExr TaMgBIrRkum EdlTasETgKa BIeBlmunRtUvcabdKavij
edIm|IkMuo bsimRbeTs cUlmkeRC{tERCkTan. eRJHza ebI bsimRbeTsvil

mkvij cin k*dUcCa ev[tNam Gac nwg CYbbsK< mYyd*ZM kgkarvatTwkdI
rbseK enAkgtMbn . CakarBitehIyEdlza cin nig ev[tNam minRtUvKa

eRJHEter]genH buEn edIm|IrkSa rbbkumynisrbseK ev[tNam KanCeRmIsGIV
eT[t
eRkABIRtUvnwg
cinvij
sineT
TRmaMrkbEgkzI:n.
cMeJHRBHGg<mas
rN#Tivij eTaHbI RBHGg<CaRBHraCbuRt rbs semcneratm sIhnukI k* RBH

Gg< cgrMedaHRsukExroecjputBI TiBl nRbeTs kumynisTaMgBIrenHEdr.
buEnenAkgkal;eTs;enaH KW Ca karylsb mYy d*ZM eRJHtaMgBIeBl Edl

shrd Gaemrik e:HbgNcinecaleTA KW taMgBIeBlEdl rbb saZarN
dExr RtUvExrRkhmvayrMlMecal ehIy enAeBlcugeRkay taMgBIeBlEdl
shPaB sUev[t rlMrlayeTA RbeTscin minbeNay o tMbnNcin rbUt

238
ecjBIdrbseKeLIy. buEn kgkal;eTs; dEdlenaH RbeTsz k*cgman

tYnaTImYy d* sMxanEdr KW dUckalBImun eBlEdl:raMg cUlmkRsukExr.
RbeTsz EdlmanRBMRbTl CabnwgRsukExr yleXIj za sanPaB
RbeTskmCa eRkaysRg<am CaOkasmYyd*l sRmabCYy ksag RbeTs
enH. ehtudUecHehIy:nCa JNiCkrRbeTsz cUlmkeZIVvinieyaK yagsnwk
snabenARsukExr ehIyeRbIRKbmeZa:yedIm|IoRkum elak h)un Esn TTYl
ykvinieyaKTaMgenaH EdlPaKeRcIn minsUvhucRbeyaCn CamUldanGVI bunaneT
dlkmCa eLIy . enAcMeJHmux sanPaBenH elak sm rgSI EdlkalenaH

CardmRnI hirJvt cger[bcM okareZIVvinieyaK enARsukExr manlkN;lRtwm
RtUveLIgvij. enAz 25 vicika qaM 1993 dEdlenaH elak :nbJak Ca
pvkar nUv eKalbMNgenH . buEnRsabEt 3 z eRkaymk KWenAz 28 vicika
JNiCkrzmak EdlmanTMnasCamYy elak sm rgSI :nplynehaHmYy
CaGMeNay dl RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti naykrdmRnI TI 1 nig elak
rbsBYk bul Bt . 10 zeRkayRBwtikarN enH KW enAz 19 Z kaEst

Gaemrik
nwg
RbeTsz
48
. TMnakTMng rvag RbeTs kmCa
enAeBlenaH enABMuTanlenAeLIyeT eRJH Cag 2 ExeRkay
eBlEdlrdsPa plkarTukcit eTAo rdaPi:l rN#Ti_h)un Esn emesna

ZikardankgT&Bz KW tmesnIy viml enAEtcatTukza rdaPi:lExr eBl
enaH RKanEtCardaPi:l
n PaKIExrmYybueNaH edayehtuza Kankaryl
RBmBI PaKIExrRkhm xagbul Bt. enAz 8 Z qaM 1993 dEdlenaH enAkg
PUmizmYy Ek|rRBMRbTlRbeTskmCa eK:nrkeXIj kEnglakGavuZ d*ZMmYy
48
eyageTAtamksar rbs elak raG)Ul eCNa
( Raoul Jennar) . In Les
Cls du Cambodge de Raoul Jennar, Maisonneuve & Larose, page 124 .

239
Ezm
:ncuHpSayGtbTmYy
RbeTsz KaMRT BYkExrRkhm .
yagEvg
eZIVniTsSn
za
karvilRtLbmkvij
n rbb raCaniym enAqaM 1993 nig
GMBIbJaZM>Edl raCrdaPi:lExr
RtUvRbQmmux
Du retour de la monarchie en 1993 et

des problmes auxquels le Gouvernement
royal devait faire face
h)un Esn naykrdmRnI TI 2. shnaykrdmRnIExrTaMgBIrrUb n rdaPi:l
k|alBIr k*suxcitTTYlykGMeNayenaH
jIvyk
enAedIm ExkJa qaM 1993 KNkmaZikartakEtgrdZmnuJ :nseRmcpl
eTAo RbeTskmCa nUv rbb raCaniym GaRs&yrdZm

kJa
qaM1993
enAkg
RBHraCsarlixitmYy
ep\I
nuJ . buEn enAz 4
mkBIRkugebkaMg
semc
neratm sIhnu RTg:nbJakza RBHGg< BMuR: zacg:n rbbraCaniymeT.

RbtikmenH rbs GtItRBHmhakSRtExr
49
:nEsgecjeLIg mYyzeRkay
eBlEdl shnaykrdmRnITaMgBIr n rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn KW RBHGg<mas
rN#Ti nig elak h)un Esn :nyk KeRmagCMBUkedIm n rdZmnuJeTA
sMuRBHraCeyabl enA TIRkugebkaMg . semc neratm sIhnuEdlkalBI 38

49
RBH:Tneratm sIhnu esayraC BIqaM 1941 mkdl qaM 1955 . enAqaM
1955 enaHRBHGg<dakraCzVayeTARBHbita nigRBHmata rbsRBHGg< .

240
qaMmunenH KW enAz 3 minaqaM 1955 :ndakraCsm|ti zVayeTARBHraCbita nig
rN#Ti nig elak h)un Esn CanaykrdmRnI TaMgBIrnakEtmg. taMgBIeBlenaH
enAeBlenaH :nbJakR:b elak
ehIy KW :nkay CanaykrdmRnI RtwmRtUvtamc|ab. eRkaymk maRta 100
RBHmata rbsRBHGg<edIm|IcUlRbLkRbyuT tTlnwgKNbkS neya :ynana

h)un Esn nig RBHGg< masrN#Tiza
RBHGg<:rmxacERkg karvil eTArk rbb raCaniymvij nwgnaMmknUvkarEbk:k
. tamkarBit GVIEdl semc neratmsIhnu R:za cg:neRkaykare:HeqatqaM

1993 enaH KW rbbmYyEdlman RBHGg<CaRbmuxrd. buEn shnaykrdmRnI n
rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn
TaMgBIrrUb
mankar:rm
xacERkgtYnaTIenH
eZIVoman
karBi:k eTAzeRkay. ehtudUecHehIy :nCa GkdwknaMTaMgBIr seRmcyk
rbbraCaniym GaRs&yrdZmnuJvijedayeZIVyagNa kMuoRBHGg<GaccUleRC{t

ERCkkgkickarrd:n . enAeBlenaH KNkmkar takEtgrdZmnuJ Edlman
smaCik 15 rUb k*BMucg:nrbb raCaniymreb[benHEdr. smaCiksPa ZmnuJ
12 rUb :nesIeLIgnUvrbbneya:ymYy epSgBIenH KW rbbsPa mYyEdlman
mk shnaykrdmRnITaMgBIr ElgCaGkdwknaM rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn eT[t
:nRtUvykeTAdakCamaRta 119 zIvijenARtgCMBUkTI 10 zIsIBI raCrdaPi:l.
enAeBlEdlsab&nrdZM>TaMgGs cabepImeZIVdMeNIrkar RbeTskmCaRtUvRbQm
mux nwg bJaneya:ysMxan> dUcCa bJaExrRhm EdlenAEtBMuRBmcuHcUl
raCrdaPi:l ehIy suxcit bg,Gsnisux enAkgRsukbneTAeT[t bJaksag

RbeTs eTAtam EbbbTlTiRbCaZibetyesrIniym BhubkS nig bJaTakTg
nwg RbeTsz EdlenAEtcatTukza rdGMNaczIRKanEtCa rdGMNac rbs Exr
mYyRkumbueNaH edayehtuza KankarcUlrYm cMENkBIBYkExrRkhmxag bul
Bt . minEtbueNaH RbeTsz EzmTaMgCYyExrRkhmeT[tpg . tamkarBit

TIRkug:gkk maneKalbMNgmYyeT[t eTAelIRbeTskmCa rYceRsceTAehIy
Rbmuxrde:HeqateRCIstaMg 5 qaMmg. buEn enATIbMput eKalkarN CamUldan
KW dakTMnakTMngCitsiT bMputCamYyTIRkugPMeBj. enAz 12 mkra qaM 1994
niymGaRs&ysPa :nRtUvGnum&t enAz 15 kJa eday sPaZmnuJ . bnab
karKaMRTdlrdaPi:lExr. enAOkasenaH RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti nig RBH
enH sRmabGnaKt rdZmnuJExr :nRtUve:HbgecaleTAvij ehIy rbbraCa

mk rdZmnuJTaMgmUl :nRtUvGnum&t enAz 21 kJa eday 113 sMeLg
Tlnwg 5 ehIy GnubvaT 2 sMeLg . dUecHeXIjza kartva rbs semc
neratm sIhnu naz 4 kJa BMu:nseRmc dUceKalbMNgeLIy. eTaHCa

yagNakI k*semc neratm sIhnu Edl:nRtUvEtgtaMg CaRBHmhakSRt n
elaknaykrdmRnIz CanLwkb :nmkeZIVTsSnkic enAraCZanIExr edIm|IsMEdg

Gg<mas neratm esrIvuD
50
EdlCardmRnIkarbreTs RTgEzgza ; ebIelak
naykrdmRnIz GeJIjmkRbeTskmCa kgeKaledAKaMRTrdaPi:lExr KWmin
KaMRT BYkExrRkhmenaH eyIgmanesckI eRtkGrNas . RBHGg<mas neratm
RbeTskmCa :nsBVRBHraCh#T&y RbkasoeRbI rdZmnuJenH enAz 24

kJaEdr .
eRkayRBwtikarNenH eKseg,teXIjza zVIt|itEtRBHmhakSRt RKgraC
buEnminkanGMNackI
k*RBGg<enAEtmangarCaRbmuxrd
dEdl.
edayGnuelam
eTAtammaRta 19 nig maRta 100 enA eBlenaH RBHGg< k*EtgtaMg RBHGg<mas

241
50
RBHGg<mas
neratm
esrIvuDCabuRt
rbsRBH:T
neratm
suraRmit
CamYyXun eTBkJa suPaB (KwmGaney[b) ehIyCabn rbs semc neratm
sIhnu . CamYy Xun Kwm Ganey[b RBH:Tneratm suraRmit mankUnBIreT[t
KWRBHGg<maskSRtI neratm vicara nig RBHGg<masneratm RbyasuP&N .

242
esrIvuD :nniyayecaTRbkan RbeTsz CaeRcInRbkareT[t . x\MnwgelIkeLIg
GMBI bJaenHCabnbnab .
EdlmanlkN;ksag
mkniyayvijeTIbRtwmRtUv
KW
KYrec[svag
eZIVoRbeTsz GakGnRsBncit . sUmktsMKalza enAeBlenaH elak sm

rgSI rdmRnIesdkic nig hirJvtExr mineBjcitesaH nwg reb[beZIVJNiCkm
rbsz enAkmCa . enAkgkicsnnamYy CamYykaEstz mYyeQaH RbCa
enA Ex mkra qaM 1994
Cati
La visite du Premier ministre thai

Chuan Leekpa au Cambodge
en janvier 1994
(The Nation) naz 10 mkra elak sm rgSI :nniyayeTA saZarN
mtizza ebIRbeTsz bJnEtBYk kUve:y

ehIy catTukRsukExrzaCa hVarevs(Far
enAOkasTsSnkic rbselakenAkmCa eqIytb nwgkarniyaydakEpp,a
rbs rdmRnIkarbreTsExr RBHGg<masneratmesrIvuD elak rdmRnIkarbreTs

z CanLwkb Ezgza; elak mkRbeTskmCaenAeBlenH KWedIm|IsnacMeJHrda
Pi:lExrza RbeTsz mineRC{tERCkkickarpkg rbs ExreT ehIy vinieyaK

enAkgRbeTskmCa RtUvQrenAelI RbeyaCnTaMgsgxag.
sUmktsMKalza CaeRcInelIk eRcIndgrYcmkehIy RbeTsz EtgEt:nbJak
za eKk*Ca RbeTshtelxI n kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIsEdr ehIyenAkgn&yenH

RtUvGnuvt esckIseRmccitrbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati eJlKWRtUvTTYls<al
rbb EdlmanrdZmnuJRKbRKg RtwmRtUv ehIyEdlecjmk BI kare:Heqat .

tamkarBit rdmRnI karbreTsExr cgTajGarmN elak Can Lwk b eTAelI
karEdlBYkExrRkhmrksIulkt|gCamYy zenAkgtMbn blin . sUmbJakza
enAz 10 sPa KW 2 zmunTsSnkic rbs elak Can Lwkb enAkmCa

elak R:sug sunsIurI rdmRnI karbr eTsz :nbeJj nUv karKankaj
243
dIzedIm|IeZIVkar vayRbhareTAelITwkdIExr . elak R:sug sunsIurI :nEzgCa

JksMdI
CanLwkb enARbeTskmCa
rbs elak yagxaMg bnabBI sarBt(man :nsresrza
:necaTRbkan saCa zIeT[tza RbeTsz:nbeNayoBYkExrRkhmeRbI Twk

GaTza; vaCakarRsYlNas EdleKyk karsMGagEbbenHmkeRbI. ExrKYrEtrk
TsSnkic rbs elak naykrdmRnIz
TaMgLay rbs z
tmesnIyExrmak
sniPaB nig mitPaB CamYyExr:neT .
(cow boys) mkRsukExrdUecH
West) dUecHenaH RbeTszBMuGacrk
enAedImqaM 1994 enaH elak sm rgSI kMBugcabepImer[bcM esdkicExr
EdlenAeBlenaH
manlkN;GanaZibety
yagsem|Im
Gsar.
elak
rdmRnIesdkicExr sm rgSI :nelIkeLIgCaTahrN nUvkrNImYycMnYn dUcCa
pHTwk TMenIbzmYyenAmatTen muxRBHraCvaMg CaedIm EdlKankicsna GIVTaMg
Gs. elak sm rgSIk*:nelIkeLIgpgEdr GMBIbNajTUrTsSnzmYy Edl

:nTTYlkarylRBm
BIrdaPi:lmun
oeZIVskmPaBrbseK
enAkgryeBl
99 qaM. eRkayeBl Edlelak sm rgSI :nelIkeLIgGMBI sMNMuer]g TaMgenH

pHTwk z enAmuxRBHraCvaMg k*ecj:teTAvijeTA rIkicsnabNajTUrTsSn
z k*:nsuxcitbnymkRtwm 30 qaMvij. buEn enAeBleRkayenaHbnic bnabBI
manTMnasmYy rvag elak sm rgSI nwg JNiCkrz d*RKak makEdlman

karKaMRTyagmaM BIRBHGg<masrN#Ti naykrdmRnITI 1 nisSit nig JNiCkr
Exr :nsMEdgkarKaMRTrbseK cMeJHelak sm rgSI. enAz 20 mkra qaM
1994 dEdlenaH nisSit nig JNiCkrExr rabJnnak :nnaMKaeZIV:tukm
244
mYyd*ZM edIm|IKaMRT elak sm rgSI . k|n:tukr:nnaMKa mksMEdgkarKaMRTenaH

enABImuxGaKarrdsPa. RBH Gg<masrN#Ti :nktsMKalenAeBlenaHdUecH za
elak sm rgSI kMBugEteZIVGVIEdlRBHGg<ehAzaRbCaPizut. enAExminaqaM 1994
un an aprs la mise en place du

1er gouvernement issu des Elections libres
organises par lO.N.U.
enaH RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti RTaMRT nwgelak sm rgSI eT[tElgekIt. enA

z 27 kJa viT rbs rdaPi:lExr :nniyay za JNiCkrz mak:nRtUv
RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti RbTan emday sSryys . eyageTAtamk

sarmYy rbs elak raG)Ul eyNa
51
BaNiCkr zenaH :npl ynehaH
mYyeRK]g nig eRK]gbePaKbriePaKmYy cMnYneTAokgT&BExr. ksardEdl

:nbJakza KWJNiCkrenaHehIy Edlman TMnasCamYy elak sm rgIS.
enATIbMput enAz 20 tula qaM 1994 dEdlenaH elak sm rgSI :nRtUv eK

dkhUt BImuxtMENg ehIy :nRtUveKdak elak Kat Qn CMnYsvij .
sux EdlBYkExrRkhmbeg,IteLIgbueNaHeT Etk*RtUvRbQmmuxnwgkarcuHRsut n

esdkic pgeT[t. bJacugeRkayenH CabJad*sMxanCageK eRJH edayxVHsBV
xVHRKb kgT&BrdaPi:l k*KansmarnigTwkcitRKbRKanedIm|IRbyuTnwg skmPaB
rbsBYkExrRkhmEdr. Tahan n raCrdaPi:l k* BMu:nTTYlR:kExCa eT[g

Tat.
sanPaBenH
BMusRmYldl
kare:ssMGatBYkExrRkhmeT
eTaHbIxag
Twkcit ehIyTndTaMgsgxag eRJHEtKanCMnYy BIbreTs. eBlEdlRbeTs

ZM>eKbJbsRg<am>enAkgRsuk k*BMuGac bneTAeT[t yUr:nEdr . bnabBIbg,
ecjBI kare:HeqatesrI
sRg<am d*sahavmYy enARsukExr RbeTsZM>Cabdibk eKk*naMKabJbsRg<am.
edaymankarbtm BI G. s. b.
tamry;snisITTIRkug:rIs qaM 1989 nig tamry;kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs

rvag KUbdibkExr RbeTsEdleZIVsRg<am eKnaMKaedaHdecjGs BI GZikrNExr
EdltamkarBitCa GZikarN rbs BYkeK EtbueNaH . enAcMeJHmux sanPaB
La situation du Cambodge
EbbenH Edl:nRtwmEteZIVoRbeTsTaMgmUlcuHdundab RBHmhakSRtExr neratm
(Raoul Jennar) . In Les
cls du Cambodge de Raoul Jennar, Maisonneuve & Larose, page 124.

opc.
245
zIeT[t Ca shnaykrdmRnI rdaPi:lExrminRtwmEt RtUvRbQmmux nwg Gsni
cUlraCrdaPi:l . eKGacniyay:nza KW Ca sRg<ampkgmYy EbbEdlGs
eRkayeBlbeg,It rdaPi:lTI1
eyageTAtamksar rbs elak raG)Ul eyNa
EdlRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti nig elak h)un Esn :n RtUvEtgtaMg saCa
BYkExrRkhm eKman bJaenH dUcEtKakI . BYkExrRkhm rabrynak :nsMucuH
sanPaB RbeTskmCa mYyqaM
51
eRkaykarRbkasoeRbI rdZmnuJ enAExkJaqaM 1993 ehIyeRkayeBl
sIhnu RTgeQVgylza KYrEtrkdMeNaHRsay pvneya:yvij. elak h)un
Esn nigRBHGg<mas rN#Ti k* manTsSn; dUcKaGIcwgEdr eTaHbI eKBMusUvman

CMen]
bunanzaCa
dMeNaHRsaymYy
EdlGaceZIVeTAekItkI
246
buEn
ebInwgbn
karRbyuTEpkeyaZa k*eXIjza minGacbneTAeT[t:ndUcEtKa. tamkarBit RBH
sm&neLIgvij nigbJaer[bcM hirJvtsaZarN;o:nsatsM. TisedA cMeJH
cgsakl|ghkcUl kgqakRbyuT neya:y mgeT[t eRJHza enAkgkrNI
PaBEbbenH ebIKanCMnYyEpkeyaZaeT KW ksagRbeTs k*BMuekItEdr . Tnwmnwg
enH CakarmYyEdlBMuGaceZIVeTA:neLIy edayehtuza ebIExrRkhm man vtman
RbRBwteTAedayBi:k. enAkgvis&ysSahkm GK<IsnI RtUvkatpacCaer]y> .
mhakSRtExrEdltaMgBI:nRtUvEtgtaMg Ca RBHmhakSRtKanGMNac mk RTg

EdlRBHGg< manGMNac BYkExrRkhm k* Gacbnnriyabz rbs eKEdr . buEn
enAkgrdaPi:l GnrCatimuxCapacCMnYyCaBMuxan . mageT[t rvagRBHmhakSRt

neratm sIhnu nig elak h)un Esn EdlCa mnusSxaMgenARbeTskmCa
vaman TMnas PUmisaRs_ neya :ymYyeT[t EdlminGac edaHRsay:neT.

yagNamij TIRkugha NUy nwg BMuRBmoGtItsm&nmit rbs cin RKbRKg
RbeTs kmCa Cadacxat enAkgxN;EdlcinsitenACa karKMramkMEhgmYy d*ZM
cMeJH RbeTseK . ev[tNamxacRbeTscin BRgIkTiBlrbs eKenARsuk Exr
EdlmanRBMRbTl Cabnwg RsukeK. KWenAkgn&yenHehIy EdlTiBl rbs
RBHmhakSRtExrenAkgqakneya:y RtUvTIRkughaNUyeZIVGIVRKbEbbyag edIm|I
katbnyo:neRcInbMput. enAeBldEdlenaH BYkExrRkhm EdlCasm&nmit

rbs cin nigCamUldan nkmaMgkgT&B rbs semc neratm sIhnu enAEtxitxM
BRgwgkmaMg rbseK bneTA eT[t EdlCaehtu eZIVoGkEdlmk eZIVvinieyaK enA

RsukExr mankarsakesIr .
enAJkkNalqaM 1994 enaH eRkABIbJasnisux enAkgRbeTs rdaPi
:lExr RtUvedaHRsay bJaesdkic CabnanDer . enAExZ qaM 1994 rdsPa
:nGnum&t zvikard CaelIkdMbUgbgs. cMNayxagEpkeyaZa manTMhMZMRk

Elg. enAkg sanPaBEbbenH karksagRbeTseLIgvij swgEteZIVeTABMuekIt .
R:kcMnYn 1 Jn landular EdlRbeTsCbun nig bNaRbeTsplCMnYy RBm
TaMgGg<karGnrCatiepSg>eT[t :nsnaplo k*swgEt GakdMeNIr KW eKbnk

o Etbnic> sinbueNaH . bJacMeJHmuxenAeBlenaH KW karksag ehdarcna
247
mux rbs BYkExrRkhm KW kMeTc rcnasm&n TaMgenaHecalEtmg. enAkgsan

enaHEdr
GMeBIecarkmekIteLIg
eRJgRJtkgTUTaMgRbeTs.
karbg,begItpl
seRmcsRmYceTA KanGkNa eZIVGVIekItTaMgGs . edIm|ICYyedaHRsaybJaenH

Rkumh)un eRbgsaMg Gaemrik GIunETrk&r
(Intercore) KitmkeZIVvinieyaKenARsukExr
enAkgkRmit 156 landular . edaysanPaBesdkic manlkN; ZnZr

TahanraCrdaPi:lk*cabepImGssgwm ehIyeZIVskmPaBminKYrKb|I. sarBt(
man k*riHKnraCrdaPi:l edaytsMc Caehtubeg,IteLIg nUvTMnas rvag Gk
kaEst nwg GaC\aZr .
rbb neya:yExr
eRkaykare:Heqat qaM 1993 ;

etICa rbb RbCaZibety
Ca rbb Gb|CnaZibety /
Cambodge 1994 : dmocratie ou
oligarchie ?
enAqaM 1994 karksagRbeTseLIgvij :nCYbnwgbsK< ZM>
CaeRcIn CaBiess bJaGsnisux EdlbNal mYycMENk mkBIExr Rkhm
bJaEdlekIteLIgeRJHEtmankarRbECgkmaMgKa rvag KNbkS neya:ynana

248
bJasRmbeTAtameKalkarNlTiRbCaZibety eday Bi:k nigbJaTakTg
EtCaGkEdlKanvb|Zm( RbCaZibety enAkgkarGbrMrbseK enAEtBMuTanyl
Edr eRJHenAkgbribTzIenH sRg<amenAEtmanbneT[t buEn eRkamrUbPaBbiTmux
BlrdeBjlkN; mansiTi esrIPaB RtwmRtUv KW minEmndwknaM TaskrNa/
nwgkarGPivDn. karbRgYbbRgYmCatieLIgvijeRkayeBlsRg<am k*CYbnwgbsK<
EdlCaehtu eZIVoGkseg,tkarN bkRsay sPaBkarN pyRsLHBIKaTaMg
Rsug . tamkarBit ehtukarNTaMgLayenH bNalmkBI ktaRbvtisaRspg

ehIymkBIriyabzGnrCatipg eRJHza GnrCatisuxcitTTYlykdMeNaHRsay
mYy
EdlmanlkN;
pyTaMgRsugBI
kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs
seRmc
sRmYceTA eRJHEt emIlRsaleBk eTAelI eKalkarN lTiRbCaZibety
GMBI tYnaTI CaRbvtisaRs rbs eK dEdl. eKenABMuTanylza eKCaGkdwknaM
BYkeKnaMKa ykGMNac nigTiBlepS> eTAeRbI edIm|IRbmUlkarKaMRT buK<lxneK

mak> ehIyminRBm RbKlsiTisMxan> EdlCaktarIkceRmIn eTAoBlrdeLIy
eTaHbI eKdwgza GIVEdlRbCaCnPaKeRcIncg:n KWsiTiCaBlrd zzr KWminEmn
CakarsMuRCkekan eRkamGMNac:rmI rbsGkdwknaMbkSenH bkSenaHNa /
karvilsaCazIeT[t taMgBIqaM 1994 mk eTArkrcnasm&n GMNac dUc
RbeTskmCa k* ZaksaCazImgeT[t eTAkgsRg<amkgRsuk . Rkumneya:y
kalBImun :nnaMmk nUv GyutiZm(kgsg<m dUcBIeBlmun GIucwgEdr KW ninarmYy
RbCaZibety eTAtamrdZmnuJ CaktaEtmYyKtEdlGacbJbkarvivaT. eKEbr
kNabd n RkumbkSBYk RKYsar rbs CnmYykab . enAkg rbbEbbenH
TajkarTukcit
GkNaEdlTamTaryk siTi rbs BYkeK tameKalkarN RbCaZibety
nImYy> minRBmylTalEtesaHza karsRmbxn eTAtameKalkarN n lTi
CanaMKa ykRBHmhakSRt EdlKanGMNacesaHenaH mkeZIVCaLbELsRmabTak

BIRbCaCneTAvij.
eRkaykare:HeqatqaM
1993
GkNa
k*
sgwmEdrza RbeTskmCa muxCa ElgRtUvkar Gkneya:ymun> Edlman
TiBl ehIyEdl:n eZIVoRbeTsCatiliclg eT[tehIy KWGMNwHteTAmanEt

rdZmnuJmYybueNaH EdlCasartI rbs RbeTsCati. buEnpyBI kar:nsan
d*eqatenH eKseg,teXIjza karbeg,It nItirdmYy o:nRtwmRtUv CakarmYyd*
Bi:kRkElg . eKEbrCanaMKavileTArk rcnasm&ncaseTAvij edayelgEl|g

zwnEPk CamYyeKalkarN n lTiRbCaZibety esrIniym BhubkS . mYy
EdlnaMeTArkEt rbbGb|CnaZibety
(oligarchie) eJlKW GMNacsitenAkg
smtkicZM> RtUvRbKleTA oRkumRKYsar n BYkGkEdlman GMNacTiBl.

TamTaroGkdwknaM eKarB eKalkarNc|ab CaZrman mingay nwg :nseRmc
eT . GkEdlcgrsenA edaykraC eday smtPaBxng k* mingay nwg
eZIVeTAekItEdr KW RtUvrNbeTA nwg bkSNamYy sSrCn d*xaMgka Namak
eTIbKanGkNah)aneZIV:b RbmazsiTi esrIPaB. RbeTskmCa :nqgkat rbb
neya:yCaeRcIn eRJHEteKcg:nPaBzzr mineZIVxMk

\ JHGkNa . Gkts)UCa
eRcIn:nBlICIvit rbseK edIm|ImUlehtuenH buEn seRmcsRmYceTA eRkayGnra
vijeT[t Gkneya:yZM> EdldwknaMRbeTs KitEtBIkarJrplRbeyaCn rbs
Kmn rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati RbeTs :nZakmkcMNucedImdEdl . Gk
ehIy esaHRtg nwg eKalkarN c|abk*eday . GkdwknaMTaMgenaH ePcKitTaMg
dUecHEdr ehIyenH eRJHEteKTTUcTamTar oGnuvtc|ab CaZrman k* TamTar
RkumbkSBYkxn
eTaHCaRtUvRbmazdlRbCaCn
nig
GkEdlmanKMniteT[gRtg
Rsugza eKCaGkdwknaMrbbmYy EdleKRtUvRbKlsiTi esrIPaB eTAoRbCaCn

vij bnabBI:nyk siTienHeTACanQInwgeCIg . karBit GkTaMgenH EdlsuT
249
mantmKti
kb:teTAkgPkRCaM
dUcJkeKza
eXaklicGMEbgGENt
rbbmYy EdleKrsenA edayrkSa:n Canic nUvtmKti rbseK . enAeBl Ca

mYyKaenaH GkEdlylzaeKRtUvsRmbxn eTAtamkal;eTs; k* :Hbgecal
250
nUv KMnitts)U rbseK eTAeT[t ehIy beNayxn eTAtamsPaBkarN Etmg
QH k*minRBmQH rIGkcaj k*BMuRBmcaj eRJHer]gsMxan KW raraMg mino
RtUvGkkanGMNac Rbmaz yagNakI k* enAEtOnk|al oeKexakRBwklacEdr
maneLIgCabnbnab bJakyagc|as nUv kardeNIm ykGMNac TaMgkeRmal
KW th)ankkeT eRJHxac:tbuNski laPsk,ar;rbseK. GkTaMgenaH eTaH

ehIy
beJj#k
h)Wha
RkGWtRkTm
dakGkEdlman
sSrPaBBitR:kd
EzmeT[t. enAqaM 1994 enaH ehIy nig enAeBleRkay> mkeT[tEdr RbeTs
kmCa BMu:nQaneTArk rbbRbCaZibety BitR:kdeLIy KW :nZakeTAkg

rbb Gb|CnaZibetyeTAvij .
rvag Exrkumynis niymTIRkugebkaMg nwg Exrkumynis niymTIRkughaNUy
edayykKMnitbRgYbbRgYmCati rbsRBHGg<eZIVCaels. enATIbMput emKNbkS
Esn minsuxcitcajCadacxat. RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti RbZanKNbkS
QHeqat :nRtUvEtgtaMg CanaykrdmRnI TI1 ehIyelak h)un Esn ebkCnn
KNbkS RbCaCn Edlcajeqat :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa naykrdmRnI TI 2 .
La crise politique de 1994
bnabBI:nseRmckgkarcgsm&nPaB
dUceyIg:ndwg rYcmkehIy eRkaykare:Heqat qaM1993 RBHmhakSRt
Exr RBH:Tneratm sIhnuEdl:nRtUv rdZmnuJEtgtaMg CaRBHmhakSRt nig

CaRbmuxrd :nTTYlParkicmYy CaRbvtisaRs KW karbRgYbbRgYmCatieLIgvij.
enAkgn&yenH RBHGg<:nxitxMpSMp<M KNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc nwgKN

bkSkumynis RbCaCn eJl KW RBHGg<mas rN#Ti nig elak h)un Esn
eTaHbIGkTaMgBIrenH man ninakar neya:yxusKakI. eKaledAenHBMuRsbeTA nwg

kicRBmeRB[g TIRkug:rIseLIy eRJHkicRBmeRB[genH kMNtoykkare:Heqat
CaZM. buEn dUckar:rm rbs RksYgkarbreTs shrd GaemrikdUecHEdr karpSM
RsayRkhm
ehIy Edl:neRCIserIsykcin CabEgk CaGkCYyrujRcan omansamK<IPaB
mYy eRJHeTaHbICa :nTTYlbraC&y enAkgkare:Heqat k*eday k*elakh)un
enAqaM 1994
CarUbPaBmYyyagCakEsg
n RkumGkGtIt kumynis . semc neratm sIhnuEdlsbexImbsimRbeTs
bdibkTaMgBIrenH :nRtUvEtgtaMgCanaykrdmRnI TI 1 TaMgGsKa enAkgeBlEt
vibti neya:y
p<MenH
RkumGkRbCaZibety vil mkkan GMNacvijEtbueNaH. RBwtikarNEdlekIt
nGVIEdlTIRkugvasIugetan
ehAza
dMeNaH
( solution rouge) enaH . KNbkS hVnsIunebc) :nTTYl
C&yCMnHenAkgkare:Heqat k*BitEmn buEneRkampak nkarbRgYbbRgYmCati Gk

251
rvag
KNbkSTaMgBIrenHrYcehIy
RBH
mhakSRtExr RtUvRbQmmux nwg sRg<ampkg KWkarRbyuT nwgkgT&BRB rbs

BYkExrRkhm. enAz 6 kk,daqaM 1994 rdsPa RbeTskmCa :nGnum&tc|ab
mYy dakBYkExrRkhm oenAeRkAc|ab . RBHmhakSRtExr EdlRtUvbRgYbbRgYm
Catio:n RTgminylRsb nwgc|abenHeT. BYkExrRkhm EdlRtUvBiPBelak

TaMgmUl nig RbCaCnExr ez,al eTas BIbT smabRbCaCnExr GsCit 2 lan
nak k*bnskmPaB sRg<ampkg rbseK CahUrEhmkeT[t. enAz 26 kk,da
qaMdEdlenaH BYkExrRkhm :ncabGkeTscr breTs 3 nak enAkgenaH man

yuvCn:raMgmakeQaH hSg mIEsl R:kek. rdaPi:l eZIVkarcrcaCamYy Exr
RkhmehIysuxcitykR:kCMrwt EdlBYkenHTamTareTAelaHCnrgeRKaH. kickar

enH:nRbRBwteTAenAkgPaBsKsaj nigeJreBj eTAeday Gaz(kM:Mg . enATI
bMput KWenAz 29 tula eK:ndwgza cMNab xaMgTaMg 3 nak :nRtUvExrRkhm

252
RbharCIvitecal. enAz 29 tula enaH viTExrRkhm :nbJak GMBI Rkidkm
R:kcMNUlrd kgkarykGakr KW:nRtwm 6 landular bueNaH . buEbebItam
BYkbsimRbeTs RtUvecjzeT[tpg
eTAtamkarGHGag rbs elak sm rgSI . bJaEdleZIV oeK:rmCageK enA
d* sahavRBpSenH edayEzmTaMg eZIVGtaZib|ayza
KWCabMNulQam Edl
. enAqaM 1994enaH minEmnRtwmEtBYkExr
RkhmbueNaHeT
EdleZIVoraCrdaPi:lRkBulmux
ehIyeZIVokarEsVgrksni
sm&nPaBTaMgBIr
manbJamYyeT[t:nekIteLIg
TMnasrvag
PaB CYbnwgbsK<. enAkgCYrrdaPi:l eRkABIkarRkYtRbECg rvag KNbkS

KW
RBHGg<mas
TMhMGaCIvkm enAeBlenaH KWRtUv:ndleTA 100 landular . enHebI eyag

eBlenaH KWw RBeQIExr :nRtUvkabGsCitJkkNal n RBeQITaMgGs
enARbeTskmCa ehIyEdlCaehtunaMoman kar:ttulPaB brisan pgeT[t
eJl KWTwkCMnn. sUmktsMKalzaenAqaM 1969 RBnRbeTskmCaman 73 %
rN#Ti nwg elak sm rgSI rdmRnIhirJvt nig CasmaCik KNbkSraCaniym
nTwkdIExr . enAqaM 1994enaH KwmanenA slEt 49 % bueNaH. enAkgvis&y
RsukExr mansNabZabl BMu:neZIV oRBHGg<ma s rN#Ti sBVRBHT&yeT .
5 % bueNaH . rIEpnkarEdlRtUvedIrodl KW manrhUteTAdlkRmit 7,5%
hVnsIunebc. elak sm rgSI Edlcg er[bcMokareZIVvinieyaKbrTs enA
177 %
elak sm rgSI Edl:nxitxMeZIVEpnkarsRmab katbnyGtiprNa BI

mk 17 % CamYy elak Kat Qn :nRtUv eKdkhUtecjBI rdaPi
:l enAz 20 tula qaM1994 ehIyenA ExsPa qaM 1995 :nRtUvbeNj

ecj BIKNbkS hVnsIunebc eT[t. elak sm rgSI :nRtUveKecaTRbkanza
CaGkEdlnaM lTiesrIniym esdkic mkkgRbeTskmCa. enAz 3 vicika qaM
1994 TIRkugPMeBj TamTaroTIRkug:gkk bJntmesnIy sin sug mk

RsukExrvij . elak sin sug :nRtUvtulakareyaZa TIRkugPMeBjkateTas
BIbT bunbgeZIV GbKmn oCabKuk 18 qaM enAz 28 tula . rIRBHGg<mas
cRkBgS EdlCaemdwknaM kareZIVGbKmnenH :nRtUvnireTseTARbeTs maeLsIu.

enAedImqaM
1995
KWenAz
mkra
rdsPa
:nGnum&t
KeRmagzvikaelIk
dMbUgbgs . enAkgmuxcMNayTaMgGs 4 ry 6 lan dular 1 PaK 3 RtUv
pl eTAovis&ykarJrRbeTs . ebIKit CaTwkR:k KW RbmaN 85 lan 4

Esn dular . rIxagRksYgmhap KW 48 lan 4 Esndular. cMeJH kar
hamXat minokab nig eZIVGaCIvkmRBeQI KWRtUvGnuvt bneTAeT[t. sUmkt
sMKalza
karkab
RBeQIxusc|ab
manTMhMZMRkElgenAeBlenaH.
253
cMeJH
esdkic GRtalUtlas BMu:nQandleKaledA dUckarkMNteT KW:nRtwm 5,
sRmab qaM 1995 .
bJaelIkElgeTas emExrRkhm
eG[g sarI
Lamnistie du chef khmer rouge

Ieang Sary
RBwtikarN EdlekItmaneLIg enAkgqaM 1995 eRcInEtCa RBwtikarNTak
Tg nwgkarksag esdkic. rI kardkhUt elak sm rgSI

rdmRnI
hirJvt
enAExtulaqaM
1994
ecjBImuxtMENg
k*TakTgnwgbJaenHEdr.
dMeNIrkar
esdkic enAqaM 1995 man karrGakrGYl yagxaMg eRJHNamYy RtUvksag

RbeTseLIgvij NamYyRtUvBRgwgkgT&B edIm|IRbyuT nwgExrRkhm. edIm|I dwk
naMkickarenH elak eT[ :j rdmRnIkarJrRbeTs :nTamTar obeg,In zvika
kgEpkenH yagsnwksnab EzmeT[t KW rhUtdleTA 4 % . enAqaMenaHg

BYkExr Rkhm:n beg,InskmPaB GukLk kanEtxaMgeTA> . BIeBlmun eKdut
254
bMpajEt lMenAfan rbs GkmanRTBsm|ti suksm bueNaH buEn cabBIqaM
RBH:T neratm sIhnu RTg:nbJak enAkglixitmYy eqIytbeTA nwg lixit
cMeJHmuxsanPaBenH RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti naykrdmRnITI 1 :nkMNt
naykrdmRnIExr TaMgBIrrUb esIbJaenHmkRBHGg< KW enAkgkrNIEdlGktMNag
1995mk BYkTam k*dutbMpajpHsEm|g rbsRbCaCnRkIRketakyakEdr. enA

yknya:ymYy edIm|IeZIVkarTbTl KWeZVIkarvay RbharsRmukyag xaMgeTAelI
BYkExrRkhmpg ehIy bgMoBYk TamcuHcUlpg. rIlTpl k*:nxH>Edr

eRJHBYk ExrRkhmman kar en]yNay yagxaMg kgkarRbyuT. enAqaM 1994
_1995 BYkExr Rkhm RtUvRbQmmux nwgkarEbk:kpkg ehIykareRbHqaenH
:n Esgyagc|as enAJkkNalqaM 1996. enAz 8 sIhaqaM 1996 eG[g
sarI GtItrdmRnI karbreTsExrRkhm ehIyEdlCamnusSxaMgTI 2 enAkg rbb

bul Bt :npacxnecjBI bul Bt nig tamuk. eG[g sarI :nnaMT&BExrRkhm
RbmaNbIJnnak mkCamYypg. buEnenAeBlenaH BYkExrRkhm Edlpacxn
ecjBI bul Bt TaMgenaH:nbJakR:bza KWminEmn edIm|IsMucuHcUl raCrdaPi

:lenaHeT . eG[g sarI man eKalbMNg beg,Itclna neya:ymYyeT[t KW
clna RbCaZibety rYbrYmCati edIm|IeZIVkarcrca CamYyPaKI ExrepSg> eT[t .

Gsry;eBl BIrEx rdaPi:lTIRkugPMeBj :nsakl|gGUsTaj eG[g sarI
ocUlmkrYbrYmkg shKmnCativij buEn GaceZIVkickarenH:n KWTalEt elIk

ElgeTaso eG[g sarI CamunsinEdr .
karelIkElgeTaso eG[g sarI :necaTeLIg CabJamYy d*ZM eRJH
eG[gsarI :nRtUvtulakarnrbb ehg sMrwn kateTasBIbT Rbl&yBUC sasn

kalBIqaM1979. buEn kalenaH RbeTskmCa sit enAeRkamkarQanJn rbs
kgT&Bev[tNam. elak h)un Esn naykrdmRnITI 2 Edl:ncUlmkkgTMB&r
RbvtisaRsExr edaykarxMRbwgERbg rbsTIRkughaNUy nigGkEdlKaMRT TIRkug
haNUy mankar:rmEdr buEn elak k*ylpgEdrza ebIminelIkeTaso eG[g
sMuelIkElgeTas rbs eG[g sarI za RBHGg< nwg yksMeNIenH eTABinit ebI
raRs 2 PaK 3 suxcitylRBmpgEdr . enATIbMput shnaykrdmRnI TaMg BIr

k*seRmceZIVesckIesIenH dlRBHmhakSRt. enAz 14 kJa qaM 1996 eK:n
dwgza RBHmhakSRtExr :nLayRBHhselxa eTAelIRkwtmYyelIkElgeTas
o eG[g sarI eRJH RkwtenaH :nRtUvraCrdaPi:l pSBVpSay CasaZarN;

Etmg KWedayminTanman karylRBm BIrdsPapg. RBHmhakSRtExr RTg:n
beJjRbtikmyagxaMg cMeJH karxusq<genH. buEn ebItamJkccamGaram enA

eBlenaH rdsPaRbEhlCaminCMTaseT . eTaHCayagenHkI karelIkElgeTas
oeG[g sarI Caer]gmYy d* sKsaj eRJH Caer]gEdlTakTg nwg shKmn
GnrCatiTaMgmUl. enAcMeJHmuxRBwtikarNenH shrd Gaemrik minbeJj Rbti
kmGIVeLIy edayeKcatTuk zaCabJapkgrbsExr. buEn Gg<kar
eTasGnrCati
(Amnesty International) :nbeJjRbtikmyagxaMg rI s
maKm Gas)an k*man kar:rmyagxaMgEdr .
karEbk:ksamK<I
enAkgRkumExrRkhm
xag bul BtenAqaM 1996

1996 : dislocation du mouvement
khmer rouge de la faction polpotienne
sarI eT karksagRbeTs k*Bi:k eZIVeTAekItEdr . mageT[t RBHmhakSRtExr

255
elIkElg
256
dUceyIg:ndwgrYcmkehIy clna Exrkumynis :nEbkxn Ca 2 Rkum
enAqaM 1995 . enAkgry;eBlEt CagmYys:h bueNaH kgT&BExr Rkhm
kJaqaM 1966 enaH bul Bt :nERbeQaH BI bkSBlkrkmCa (P.T.K.) mkCa
2 Jn 4 ry nak. enAz 11 tula qaM 1996 KW qaMdEdlenaH RBHGg<mas
nisExr dwknaMeday bul Bt Ebkxn ecjBIev[tNam ehIy cgsm&nPaBCa
NadwgCamun TalEtesaH. ebItamRbPBmYy n KNbkSraCaniym ehIyEdl
enAqaM 1966 bnabBI bul Bt RtLbmkBIebkaMg nig haNUyvij. enAEx

bkSkumyniskmCa (P.C.K.) Etmg .
KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdlRkumkumy
mYy emA es Tug vij. 30 qaMeRkaymk KW enAz 8 sIha qaM 1996 eG[g
sarI mnusSxaMgTI 2 n RkumExrRkhm EdlesaHRtg nwgcin :npacxnecjBI
bul Bt ehA bgTI 1 edaynaMkgT&BExrRkhm RbmaN 3 Jnnak mkCa

mYypg. buEn enAeBlenaH eG[g sarI mincuHcUlraCrdaPi:lEtmgeT eRJHcg
beg,It clnamYy eT[tedIm|IeZIVkarcrca CamYyPaKIExrepSg>eT[t . elak sh

naykrdmRnI h)un Esn EdlesaHRtg nwg TIRkughaNUy :nKMramza ; ebI
minRBmcuHcUleT elak nwg KaMRT karbeg,IttulakarkateTas eG[g sarI enAkg
RbmaN 8 kgBltUc :nsMucuHcUlraCrdaPi:l ebIKitCacMnYnTaMgGs KW Cag
neratm rN#Ti shnaykrdmRnI TI 1 :nyageTA blin edayKanGk

manksarxHbJakpgEdrenaH KW eG[g sarI Etmg Edl:nyag RBHGg<eTA
TIenaH. elakshnayk rdmRnITI 2 h)un Esn Edl:nCYb eG[g sarI mg
rYcmkehIyenAz 2 sIha enAsIusupun BMu:nbeJjRbtikm GVIeLIy enAeBl
enaH. buEn eRkayenaHbnic elak :nR:bza elak RbEhlCa nwg GeJIjeTA

blin enAz 15 tula. karBit TalEtz 22 tula eTIbelakGeJIj eTACYb
eG[g sarI enATIenaH .
sUmktsMKalza
CitmYyEx
eRkayeBlEdl
eG[g
sarI
krNI EdlmanPstagRKbRKan . karKMramkMEhgenH BMu:nhuc nUv lTpl
pacxnecjBIRkum bul Bt kgT&BesaHRtg nwg bul Bt KWExrRkhm RbmaN
RkhmkMuonaMKacuHcUlnwg eG[g sarI ehIyEzmTaMgTakTajGkTaMgenaH ocuH
CYb KKI kgexttrmanC&y . buEn karvayRbhar rbs Rkum bul Bt enH
viCmanGVITaMgGs. dUcenH raCrdaPi:lKan CeRmIsGIVeT[teRkABI bMpusBYkExr

cUl nwgraCrdaPi:lvijeT[tpg . enAkgxN;dEdlenaH eG[gsarI KitEtBI
eZIVkarvayRbhareTAelITItaMgepSg>eT[t rbsRkumEdlesaHRtg nwg bul Bt.

enAz 1 tulaqaM 1996 dEdlenaH kgT&B rbs GIu eQ[g EdlCa sm&nmit
rbs eG[g sarI :nvayyk mUldan rbs bul Bt enA smt KW mUldan
mYyEdlsitenACag 20 K.m. BI blin ehIy EdlsitenAeRkambJakar
rbs nYn Ca nig sun esn. karvayRbharenaH :nbgMoGkTaMgBIr rteTA

RbeTsz:teTA. buEn ExrRkhmxHeT[t naMKasMucuHcUl nwg eG[g sarI ehIy
xHeT[t sMucuHcUl nwg kgT&B n bkS RbCaCn edaymankarbJHbJl BI
Ekv bug GtItembJakarExrRkhmmak Edl:ncuHcUl nwgkgT&B raCrdaPi:l

257
200 nak n kgBltUc 519 :neZIVkarvayRbhar eTAelI BYk eG[g sarI enA
min:nseRmceT eRJHraCrda Pi:l:nbJneRK}gsJVvuZ nig kgT&BRbmaN

400 nak oeTA CYyBYk eG[g sarI . enAeBlenaH RbCaCnRbmaN 200 nak
:nnaM KartqgEdn eTARbeTsz . sUmbJakza karvayRbharenH :nekIt
maneLIgenAz 3 sIha KW 1z eRkayeBlEdl elak naykrdmRnI TI 2 h)un

Esn :nCYbeG[g sarI enAsIusupun . enA eBlEdlelak naykrdmRnI h)un
Esn CYb eG[g sarI elIkTI 2 KWW enAz 22 tulae naH elak:nR:b eG[g
sarIza elaknwg mindkhUtGavuZ BIkgT&Brbs eG[g sarI eT ehIyk*minEkERb

fannrski nGkTaMgenaHEdr . enAkgOkasenaH elak:nRbKl lixitqg
EdnkarTUteTAo GIu eQ[g nig suk PaB. elak:nEzg za RbsinNaCa eG[g

258
sarI cg:nEdr elak nwg RbKllixitqgEdn karTUtenH mYyeT[teTAo eG[g

sarI .
Esn k* bRmug nwgTTYls<al bkSzI rbs eG[g sarIEdr . enAeBlenaH eK

:nelIkeLIgnUv TL$IkrNmYyEdlza ebIeyageTA tamrdZmnuJ Blrdman
rbs elak sm rgSI
siTiesIKa enAcMeJHmuxc|ab cuHehtudUcemc :nCaxagBYkkumynis nig GtIt
BYkkumynis eKGacTTYlsiTi smPaBenH CagBYkRbkanninakar esrIniym nig
Le PNK de Sam Raingsy

enAqaM 1996 enAeBlEdl bJaelIkElgeTas o eG[g sarI kMBugecaT
eLIg elak shnaykrdmRnI hun Esn :nesIsMuokatbnyzvika sRmab
eZIVsRg<am edIm|IykeTAbeg,InmUlniZi er[bcMkarcuHcUl rbsBYkExrRkhm. enA

eBlenaH elakshnaykrdmRnI TI 2 eRt{mlkN;CaeRscedIm|ITTYls<al
clna neya:yzI rbs eG[g sarI Edlbeg,In karvayRbhar Cajwkjab
eTAelI BYk bul Bt edayman CMnYyBIkgT&B rbs raCrdaPi:l. buEnBYk

bul Bt k*:neZIVkartbtvijyagxaMgkaEdr. bnabBIkarvayRbhar rbskgT&B
ExrRkhm EdlesaHnwg bul Bt eTAelIkgT&B eG[g sarI enA CYb KKI kg
ExRttrmanC&y enAz 3 kJa kgBlZMelx 519 rbs ExrRkhm :n

RtUvEbkecjCa 2 RkumEdlRbyuTKayagsVitsVaj. enAeBlenaH BYkExrRkhm
bul
Bt
qaM 1996 enaHEdr KNbkS CatiExr rbselak sm rgSI Edl:n RtUv
beg,ItenAqaM 1995 :nTamTar oeKTTYls<alxn Capvkar eRJH elak h)un
KNbkS CatiExr
xag
JNiCkr z RbmaNrabJnnak :nnaM KacUlmkrksIu enAelITwkdIExr . enA
:nxitxMBRgwgTIbJakar
rbseK
enA
GngEvg
edIm|IeRt{m
lkN;TbTl nwg kgT&BraCrdaPi:l . ebIKitCa cMnYnkgT&B KW manRbmaN

2500nak buEn suTEtCa kgT&B cMNan> bMput dUcCa kgBl 920 nig 801
CaedIm . buEn karBRgwg kgT&BenA GngEvg :neZIVoTItaMgepSg>eT[t rbs
bul Bt enAkMBgZM kMBgcam swgERtg nig rtnKIrI cuHexSayyagxaMg. enA
eBlEdl kmaMgExrRkhmTaMgmUl kMBugEbk:kKa dMeNIrkarJNiCkm nig

karGPivDn enAxagEpkJyB nRbeTskmCa :nrIkceRmIneLIgvijCalMdab.
259
BYkRbCaZibety enAkgrbbmYy EdleKsntzaCa rbb RbCaZibetyenaH .
karcUlmkkgqakneya:y rbs KNbkS CatiExr rbs elak
sm rgSI CakarmYyd*Bi:kBneBkRk eRJHenAkgbribTPUmisaRs_neya:y

eRkayqaM 1993 BYkkumynisExr KW TaMgGkniym cin TaMgGkniymev[tNam
rYmbJlTaMgsSrCn CaRbvtisaRs mYycMnYnpg enAEtsitenACa Gkekabkab
eCaK vasna rbs RbeTskmCa bnmkeT[t KW eKRKanEtQbTasKapvGavuZ
EtbueNaH . eKaledA rbs Gkneya:yTaMgenaH KW minoGkRbCaZibety

EdlmanninakarbsimRbeTs deNImykGMNac:n Cadacxat . edIm|IseRmc
kic kar enH eKsuxcitTTYlyk GkraCaniym n KNbkS hVnsIunebc mk
eZIVCasm&nmit CamUldan enAkgkrNI Edlclna raCaniymenHman kmaMgRbCa

biyPaB CagBYkGtItkumynis . enAkgbribTenH elak sm rgSI swgEtKan
Rckecj. k*buEn enAkgraRtI d* yUrlgenH elak sm rgSI sgwmza ebI briya

kasRbCaZibetyGac nwgekItmaneLIgkalNa eKnwgGac ykQH:n. mYy
vijeT[t ebIRbCaCnExrecjBI PaBRkIRkminrYceT ehIyebIGMeBIBukrlYy enAEt

manbneTAeT[t enaH
GMeBIGyutiZm( k* nwgekIn eLIgEdr . KWenAkgn&yenHehIy
Edl KNbkS elak sm rgSI ecHEtman GtiPaB bnmk . buEn ebIeKKitBI
rcnasm&n PUmisaRs_neya:y nig eTs;kal; bcb|nenH KWeKenAEt Bi:k

260
dEdl ehIydrabNa karKMramkMEhgKaeTAvijeTAmk tamRKbrUbPaB enAEtman
smaCikRKYsarGkGeRnIs> eKnaMKasbexImR:kkasRTBsm|ti Edl :nmk
sMKalmYy eT[t KW rcnasm&n n GMeBIBukrlYy EdlmanlkN;sKsaj
k*dUcCa enAeBleRkay>mkeT[tEdr eKseg,teXIj za cMeJHGkxH R:kkas
CahUrEh briyakas RbCaZibety k* Bi:k nwg ekItmaneLIgEdr.
kMNt
CaTIbMput ehIy EdleKBi:k nwg Ba:l o:nqabrh&s .
eday GMeBIes)aKeRKak EbbenHpgEdr. buEnenAkg bribT n sg<mExreBlenaH
Edl:nmk edaykarsUk:n eday karCMritepSg> BMubeJjnUvkinGesac
rbsva esaH KW EbrCakayeTACa RbPB n kitiysmYy d* cEmkeTAvij. Gk

manR:keRcIn eTaHecjmkBIRbPBNakI:nRtUveKeKarBekatEs\gecam RsLaj
TidPaBxH> n sg<mExr
rabGan CaTIbMput rIGkRkIRk eT[gRtg EbrCaRtUveKRbmaz emIlgay bgab
enAqaM 1996
beganza xVHKMnitR:kdniymeTAvij . dUcenH enAkgTMnakTMng evag mnusS nwg
Quelques aspects de la situation

sociale du Cambodge en 1996
RBwtikarNneya:y RBmTaMg :tuPUtsg<m TaMgLay Edl:nEsg
ecjeLIg enARbeTskmCa cabtaMgBI qaM 1995 mk BMuman #sKl mkEtBI
kgRbeTsTaMgGs enaHeT. GMeBIBukrlYy Edlcab epImekIteLIg enAeBlenaH

BMuGac rIkduHdal :neT RbsinNaCa Kan GkrksIu mkBIxageRkA. niyaymYy
EbbeT[t ebIKanGksUkeT GksIusMNUkk*KanEdr . eKseg,teXIjza enAkg
bribT nsg<mExr enA eBlenaH vb|Zm( n GMeBIBukrlYy :nvayrMlM vb|Zm(
n tm Kti:nyagRsYl eRJHEt sIlZm(satsM eKarBscZm( vicarN

jaN nigKtibNit :n:tbEgkrbsva swgEtGsKansleTA ehIy. c|ab
n kareZIVvinieyaKbreTs manRKbRKanTaMgGs buEn yk eTAGnuvto:nRtUv
nwgsarRbeyaCn rbsRbeTsCati minekIt eRJHEt vb|Zm(zI :nsIurUgpkg

swgEtRKbvis&y. buEn eKk*RtUvyl pgEdr za enAkgkarGPivDn ebIKanc|ab
sRmabRKbRKg o:nsmRsbeTenaH GMeBIBukrlYy k*ecjmkCamYypg Edr.
c|abTaMgenaH Gacnwg yk eTAGnuvt edayeCaKC&y:n luHNaEt briyakas

sg<m man GMNaypl pgEdr KW mann&yza TalEt Blrd mak> CaBiess
261
mnusS enAkgmCdan nana ebIGkNaniyayBI riyabz satsM eKsabBMucUl
Rtec[keLIy. ktasMxanmYyeT[t KW karEdlrdGMNac BMu:nelIkTwkcit dl
GkEdlrsenAkgtmKti dUcBI sm&ymun>. eKnaMKasanza karGPivDn man
RkwtRkmstanum&t rbsva KwmincaM:csRmb eTAtamtmKtiGVIeBkeT. tam

Zmta karrksIuman:n CariyabzEdlRtUv:nTTYl nUv karsresIr k* buEn
TalEtGkenaH Caplitkr EdlecHykplitpll> rbsxneTAlk enAbr
eTspg Edr. ebIpyBIenH KW CakarebIkpv oQjbreTs RbkbmuxrbrenH

CMnYs edayykR:ksMNUksRmabeZIVCaGkman ehIyTukoRbCaBlrd sit
enARtaMERtg Etletal KanskmPaB GVITaMgGs. ktaTaMgLayxagelIenH min

RKbRKaneT sRmabBnlmUlehtu n GMeBIBukrlYyRsbc|ab EdlKan
c|abhamXatenA kgsg<mExrenAeBlenaH . bJakargar smtPaBeZIVkargar

k* CaktamYyEdr . ebIrd BMuelIkTwk cit nig elIkkms KuNPaBplitkm
kgRbeTseTenaH rbsrbr mkBIeRkA nwgcUleBjTIpSarkgRbeTsehIy smab

plitplkgRbeTs edayeKcBMuput. kar:tbgkargar nig snHplitkm k*naM
mknUv GMeBIecarkm GMeBI e:kR:s RKbrUPaB RBmTaMg karrMelaPRKbRbePT BI
sMNakmRnI eTAelIRbCaCn edIm|IbMbnRKYsar rbs xnpal dUcCa kardeNIm

262
ykdIZI rbsRbCaCn CaedIm edaysMGag eTAelIkarxusc|ab nig xusEpnkar
bn RkumRKYsar rbseK CaehtueZIVo GMeBIBukrlYy kanEtrIkZMeTA> CalMdab .
nPaBRkIRkrbsRbCaCn nig karekIteLIg nGkmanR:kkasvallandular .
:l RtUvEtTTYl ParkicciJwmbgbn sacjati Citqay TaMgGs ehIyTTYl
GPivDn rbs rdaPi:l. KW ktaTaMgLayenH ehIy EdlCamUlehtu d*cm|g
edIm|IsRmbeTAtam TmabCaTUeTA rbs sg<mExr GkEdlman tYnaTI enAkugrd
ZnCagenHeTAeT[t GkmanTaMg enaH BMu:nykR:k eTAbeg,ItshRKas sRmab
ParkicbNHbNalGkTaMgenaH CakMhit rhUtdlzakCabpugxngEtmg. ebI
CagKitKUr elIktem,Ig plitplCati mYy k*ykeTA oRkumRKYsar rbseK
eTA eKBMuGaceKcBIbnkenH:neT eTaHbnkenaH Ca bnk rbs rd esaHenaH .
beg,ItkargarGVITaMgGs KWeKnaMKaykeTAcayvay h)Wha bMbnshRKas breTs

bMpajecal
CaGasabgEtmg.
:tuPUtRKYsarniym
enAkgRbeTsRbCaZibety
eKRby&tmino
(le npotisme) enH ekItmaneLIgeT eRJHva EtgEteZIVo
bHJldlkarGPivDn nigtm nKuNNUbkar n GkEdlmaneTBekasl
KW GkEdleZIVosg<mrIkceRmIn nig manekreQaH. enAkgRbeTsTaMgenaH kUn

NaEdlrsenACamYy
BukmayyUreBk
ehIy
bgMoBukmay
ciJwmrhUt
dlecA GacnwgmankarBi:kcuHsRmug kgCIvitenAzeRkay edayminKitBI kar

yWtyav kgkarrIkceRmIncasTMupvKMnit rbsekgpg . rI Bukmayvij KW
manRckEtmYybueNaH edIm|IrkR:k ciJwmkUn . ebICanamWun Kw manEtGMeBIxus
KeKcBIParkicd*ZnZrenH eKnwgRtUvbgbn nig sg<mTaMgmUlnina CaBMuxan. CaTU
RKYsarGkGeRnIsnImYy> EtgEteKcBMuput BIsPaBkarNenH. mYyz> eKEtg

EtRtUvbgbn GukLkRBwklac buEnBMueZIVGVI TaMgGs edIm|Iksag sab&n CamUl
dan sRmabedaHRsay bJasg<m d*ZMenH . enHCaktamYy d*sMxann GMeBIBuk
rlYy rbskmaPi:l enAkgrcnasm&n nsg<mExr . mageT[t GkGeRnIs

TaMgenaH BMusUvcgplsiTiesrIPaB GVIbunan eTAoBlrdExreT KW TuksRmab
orNb nwgeKCanic eday:rmxacERkg man karbHe:rTamTar siTi esrIPaB

plvi:kepSg> dlxneK eTAzeRkay .
eRkABI:tuPUt rcnasm&n TaMgLayxagelIenH eKseg,t eXIjza c|abxH
c|abbueNaH ebIBMuenaHesateT nwg RtUveKninaCMuTis ehIydlyUr>eTA RtUveK
manlkN;minsmRsb KW CYnkalZUreBk CYnkal twgeBk . karBit KWwmin
eTAokarlUtlasEpkesdkicEtmg k *RtUver[bcM rcnasm&n sg<m o:nmaM
manlTPaBRKbRKanEdr . mankrNIxH eKRtUvdakeTas CaTmn buEn mankrNI
sbeT[tpg.
bJacMeJHmux
rbs
rdenAeBlenaH
Kwza
etIRtUvplGaTPaB
sin. buEneTaHbIrdZmnuJ:nEcgyagc|asza RtUvykcitTukdak GMBI sanPaB

rbsRbCaCnkI
k*tamkarBit
eK:neRCIserIs
ykkarlUtlasEpkesdkic
rYc:teTAehIy buEntamkarBit KW CaplRbeyaCn rbs breTs enaHvijeT

eRJH ExrBMuTanmanlTPaB smRsb edIm|ITTYlyk lTpl n karrIkceRmIn
esdkicenaHenAeLIy.
enAkg rcnasm&nsg<mExr RKYsarRkumbkSBYk Carbs
sk,ar bHJl min:n . edayKansab&n sg<m nig c|abTmab sRmabelIk
tem,Ig esrIPaB nig PaBzzr rbs buK<l GkGeRnIs> RtUvbgMcit ciJwmbg

263
EmnRtUvEttwg TaMgGsenaHeT KW enAkgkrNIxH RtUvebIkpvokarGPivDn Gac

xH eKRtUvbnrbny CYyeRCamERCg eTAvijEdr . enAkgkRmitGPivDn n
RbeTs kmCa eKRtUvmanTsSnaTanesdkicmYyo:nsIucgVak rvag rcnasm&n
sg<m nwg rcnasm&n esdkic . ebIeKylza RtUvplGaTPaB eTAo karlUt
lasesdkic o:nqabrh&seBkenaH sg<mk*GacEbk:kDer eRJHRtUvbJl
kmaMg nig smtPaBepS> mkBIeRkARbeTs ehIyRtUvkic e:HbgecalkmaMg

EdlkMBugrIkceRmInbnicmg> enAkgRbeTs. ebIkmaMgenH rIkceRmInBMuTan sPaB
karN eTenaH RbCaCnExr k*:tGtiPaB rbs xnEdr. minEtbueNaHesat KW
264
Gac:t TaMg mUldanvb|Zm(eT[tpg . buEnebI nwg plGaTPaBeTAo karedaH
mk dldMNakkarmYy Edlnayk rdmRnI TaMgBIrRbyuTKasabrs . enAz 5
rh&s:nEdr. RbkarEdlKYroktsMKal KWw za rdGMNac mindwgCaRtUveZIVyag
h)un Esn xagKNbkS RbCaCn nig kgT&BraCaniym rbs RBHGg<mas
Rsay bJasg<mEtmYymux karrIkceRmInesdkic k*minGacRbRBwteTA edayqab

Na . TnwmenaHEdr GkGeRnIs> k*BMu:nplnUv KMrUviCman smRsbCaklak
kk,da karbgrQammYy :nekItmaneLIg enATIRkugPMeBj. kgT&Brbs elak

rN#Ti xagKNbkS hVnsIunebc :nRbyuTKaGs ry;eBl 2 z . bnab
NamYy sRmab karGPivDn kgRbeTseTAeT[t eRkABIKMrUsRmbeTAtameTs
mk tamry;kJkTUrTsSn elak naykrdmRnITI 2 h)un Esn EdlBMuTanedaH
beg,ItGsirPaB nig sRg<amRtCak enAkgelak Gsry;eBl Cag 1 stvtS
Cn ehIy nigkarrtcakecjBIRbeTs rbs RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti sh
kalmYy CakMNt KWkal;eTs;mYyEdler eTAtamRTwsI bdibkZM>BIr Edl:n
ksNaneyaZa enAeLIy :nRbkas C&yCMnH rbskgT&B nKNbkS RbCa
mkehIy. tamkarBit GkeshaCatiminEmnCa GkEdlecHniyay EtBI kar
nayk rdmRnI TI 1 nraCrdaPi:l. eTaHbIRBwtikarNenH Caer]gEdleKcBMuput
EdlGacyk plitpl rbs RbeTsxn eTA vayluk cUlkgpSareRkARbeTs
eT[t elakshnaykrdmRnITI 2 ykQHeTAelI elaknaykrdmRnITI 1 eday
shaCati nig karRsLaj vb|Zm(Cati bueNaHeT Et k* Caplitkr cMNan>

pgEdr .
kI k*cMeJHsaZarNmti vaCakarmYyEdlrkylswgBMu:n. ebIniyay mYyEbb

BMumanmUlehtu neya:yGVImYyc|aslasEdre RJHza ebIKNbkSRbCaCn
EdlCaGtItKNbkSkumynis
RBwtikarN z 5 kk,da qaM 1997

Le coup de force du 5 juillet 1997
enAqaM 1997 enAeBlEdl karksagRbeTs CYbnwg bJasKsaj
CaBiess GMeBIBukrlYy EdlsIurUgpkg KanGVIGacTbTl:n ehIy enAeBl

EdlGkmk eZIVvinieyaKsMxan> enAkgRbeTs RtUv mRnIBuk rlYy CMritykR:k
edaytGasUr k*TTYlyksMNUk BIRkumh)un villac52edayKanekat

ERkg TMnas rvag shnaykrdmRnITaMgBIr k*ecHEtbneTAeT[t ehIy:ncUl
:neZIVrdRbhar
vayrMlMrbbraCaniym
ehIy
dakrbb saZarNrd mYy mkCMnYsvij k*minRtUvEdr eRJHrbb raCaniym enA

Etman vtman bnmkeT[t eRkayRBwtikarNenH . enAz 16 kk,da elak Gwug
hYt EdlCa GkraCaniym ehIy Ca smaCik d* sMxanmak n KNbkS rbs
RBHGg<mas rN#Ti :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa naykrdmRnI TI 1 CMnYs RBHGg<mas
rN#Ti . sUmbJakza enAeBl munRBwtikarNenH RBHGg<mas rN#Ti BMuEdl

:nRtUvKNbkSraCaniymenH dkhUt BImuxtMENg RbZanKNbkS k*beNj
ecjBIKNbkSGIVeT. cMeJH Gkseg,tkarNxH enHBMuEmnCaer]gGIVzIenaHeT enA
RbeTskmCa eRJH enAkgRbeTsenH kare:HeqatrdsPakI rdZmnuJkI RKanEt

CaLbEL sRmaboGkneya:y manTMnakTMngl CamYybNaRbeTs Edl
kanlTiRbCaZibety EtbueNaH CaBiess sRmab ykCMnYy BI RbeTsTaMg
52
Rkumh)unEdlekIteLIg ehIy rlay :teTAvij k* :tRsemal Etmg
enAkry;kalmYyd*xI .
265
enaH . buEnebIeKBinitemIl GMBI karRbECg kmaMgKa rvag KNbkS RbCaCn
EdlKaMRTedayev[tNamBIeBlmun niwg KNbkS hVnsIunebc EdlenAeBl

266
enaH tMNagRbeyaCn rbs GkEdlRbqaMg nwg GtItrbbkumynis eKseg,t

eXIjza
er]gGtItkal
enAminTancbsBVRKbenAeLIyeT.
karRbyuTdeNImGMNacKa rvag elak h)un Esn nwgRBHGg<mas neratm
enAkgn&yenH
rN#Ti enAExkk,daqaM 1997 ebIeyageTA tamehtukarN TaMgbunanxagelIenH
tulPaB PUumisaRs_neya:ymYyd*ZM . edayehtuenHehIy :nCa TaMgTIRkug
GMNac rvag buK<lGkkanGMNacBIrnak d*samJEdr. enAeBlEdl shKmn
kardkzy rbs RBHGg<mas rN#Ti enAEx kk,da qaM 1997 enaH Cakar:t
vasIugetan TaMgTIRkugebkaMg RBmTaMgGg<kar shRbCaCati eKnaMKaeZIVkarKab

sg,tRKbEbbyag eTAelIelak h)un Esn edIm|IoRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti
vilRtLbmk kmCavij .
enAkgry;eBl n karRbECgkmaMgKa saCazIeT[t nig eday biTmuxenH
eKseg,teXIjza
cabtaMgBIqaM
1996
mk
KUbdibkTaMgBIr
xitxMrkmeZ:y
eRbIkmaMgExrRkhm er[g>xn k* buEn BYkExrRkhm k* :nEbkKaCa 2 Rkumbdibk

dUcKaGIucwgEdr . RkummYy dwknaMeday G[g sarI eRt{mlkN; CaeRsc edIm|I
cgsm&nPaB CamYy elak h)un Esn. enAkgn&yenH eG[g sarI :nbeg,It

clna neya:ymYy KWW clna shB&n RbCaZibety . RkummYyeT[t KW
Rkum rbs bul Bt Edl enAcenaHqaM 1982_1991 Casm&nmitcas rbs
KNbkS raCaniym hVnsIunebc. enHminEmnCaer]gGVIzI enaHeT eRJHclna

kumynisExr taMgBIcabkMeNItmk EbkCaBIr dUecHrYceRsceTAehIy eRJH TIRkug
haNUy nig TIRkugebkaMg EtgEtdeNImykRsukExr Eter[g>xn . enAkgdMNak
karzIenH RkumExrRkhm nImYy> EsVgksagxn CazIeLIgvij. Rkum eG[g sarI
Rbkasza eKKanCabJkB&nGVI nwgkarsmabrg<al kalBIqaM 1975_1979 eT.

rI Rkum bul Bt vij eK naMKaTmakeTaseTAelI bul Bt Etmak . enAz 25
kk,daqaM 1997 enaH BYkExRkhm xag bul Bt :nbeg,It qakelanmYy eday

ykemrbsBYkeK eJl KW bul Bt eTAkateTasoCabKuk rbs BYkeK Gs
mYyCIvit .
BMumanmUlehtumenaKmviCaGIV c|aslaseT. buEnTMnasenH k*minEmn CakardeNIm

GnrCati eZIVkarKabsg,t RKbEbbyag edIm|I bJlRBHGg<mas rN#Ti mkkg
qakneya:yExrvij eKk*:nylyagc|asza eRkamrUbPaB nkarttaMgKa rvag
KNbkSraCaniym nwgGtItKNbkSkumynis man karbg,b nUv karRbECgkmaMg
PUmisaRs_neya:y mYy d*ekAKKuk rvag RbeTsev[tNam nwg TIRkugebkaMg.

CakarBitehIyEdlza eRkaysnisITGnrCatiTIRkug:rIsqaM 1989 nig kicRBm
eRB{gqaM 1991 TMnas PUmisaRs_neya:yenH RtUvbJb . buEnGVIEdl RbeTs

ev[tNam enAEtP&yxac KW TiBl d*ZMmhima nig RbkbedayeRKaHzak rbs
RbeTscin enAkg RbeTskmCa . enAkgvis&yyuTsaRs TIRkughaNUy ylza

ebIcin kabRbeTskmCa:nEmn RbeTseK BitCasitenAkgkareLamB&T rbscin.
cMeJHTIRkughaNUy
vtman
nigTiBl
rbselak
naykrdmRnI
h)un
Esn
enAkgRbeTskmCa CakarZanamYy EdlminGacGt:n eRJHtamry;enH RbeTs
ev[tNam GacRtYtBinit sPaBkarNeyaZa enARtgcMNucd*sMxanenH . RbeTs

ev[tNammincgo
GtItNcin:raMg
ZakeTAkgkNabdcineT
buEnedayKan
kmaMg nig meZa:yRKbRKan eRkaykarrlMrlay n shPaB sUev[t RbeTs

enH k*KanCeRmIsGIVeT[t eRkABIvileTAsitenAeRkamTiBl rbs cin dUc kalBI
munvijeLIy . eRkaykicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs qaM 1991 semc neratm sIhnu
:nyagRtLbBITIRkugebkaMg mkPMeBjvij edIm|I cabd eZIVshkar CamYyelak
h)un Esn. buEnBYkExrRkhm xag cin eJl KW BYk bul Bt enAEt xitxM sak
l|geZIVkarRbyuT eyaZabnmkeT[t . eTaHbIBYkeKmansgwmtickI k* CakarKab
sg,t mYy d*ZMEdr eTAelITIRkugPMeBj nig TIRkughaNUy. dUecHeXIjza eTaHCa

267
268
semc neratm sIhnu Edlman cin CabEgk vilmk kmCavij kI k* cin kab
EtenH RKanEt CayuTsaRs neya:y rbs elak ygeymij
cuHGnzy CalMdab ehIyEzmTaMgEbkKa CaBIrRkumdUckalBIqaM 1960 dUecHEdr.
cinzINamak EdlyleXIjza RbeTskmCaGacnwgZakeTAkgd GkNa epSg>
RbeTskmCa min:nRKbRCugeRCaydEdl. mYyvijeT[t kmaMg rbsExrRkhm k*
enAeBlEdlRBHGg< mas rN #Ti RbZan n KNbkS hVnsIunebc :nTTYl

C&yCMnHenAkgkare:Heqat qaM 1993 karEdlelak h)un Esn minRBmcaj Ca
dacxat k* eRJHEt bJaPUmisaRs_neya:yenHEdr. CakarBitehIyEdlza va
k*GacCabJadeNIm GMNacKapalxnEdr buEn ebIKankarKaMRTedaysmatBI ev[t

Nam nig BIsMNakbNaRbeTs nig BiPBGkEdlmincgoNcin ZakeTAkg
kNabdcin RBmTaMg semc neratm sIhnu nig ExrRkhm pgeT k* Rkumelak

h)un Esnminh)anedjRBHGg<masrN#T iecjBIraCrdaPi:lEdr. karktsMKal
mYyeT[tKW
RBwtikarN
Exkk,daqaM
1997
ekItmaneLIgmunkare:HeqatsPa
(Jiang Zemin)
EtbueNaH. sPaBkarNenARbeTskmCa Gac nwgERbRbYlenAeBlman GkdwknaM
eT[t ebI BMuBRgwg TiBl rbseK enA Ncin o:nqabrh&seTenaH. GVIEdl

RbeTscin rgcaM KWw karZakcuHTiBl rbs elak h)un Esn edayRbkarepSg> .
buEnenAkgqakneya:y ExrminEmn manEtGkneya:y EdlEpk vasnarbs
eK EteTAelIcin ev[tNam bueNaHeT. KwenA kgn&yenHehIy Edl elak sm

rgSI xitxMeZIVskmPaBneya:y yagmmajwk. rI RBHGg<masrN#Tivij k*xitxM
rkRckecj BIcinEdr . buEn KWCakarmYy d*Bi:k ehIy Gacnwg RtUvqgkatpvmYy

eT[tEdlKankareT[gTat .
dUceyIg:ndwgrYcmkehIy minEmnEtbJaPUmisaRs_neya:y bueNaH
sRmabnItikal TI 2 . elak h)un Esn ylza RBHGg<masrN#Ti Ca eRKaH
eT Edl:nCMrujoman RBwtikarN Exkk,daqaM 1997 . bJadeNImGMNacKa
BI qakneya:y o:nqabrh&sbMput .
CabJamUldan rI bJadeNImGMNacKa k*CabJaEdlecjmkBIbJaPUmisaRs_
zakmYy d* ZMcMeJH KNbkSRbCaCn. dUcenH elakRtUuvEtkMcat RBHGg< ecj
pyBIkarEdl saZarNmti yleXIjCaTUeTA nig Ca hUrEh tamry;
rvag shnaykrdmRnI TaMgBIr k* CabJasMxanDer . bJaPUmisaRs_neya:y

neya:yenHEdr . mYyqaMmunkare:HeqatnItikalTI 2 eRKager[bcMenAqaM 1998
skmPaB Capvkar sPaBkarN enAkmCa cabtaMg BIqaM 1993 mk BMuEdlman
KNbkS RbCaCn mankar:rmyagxaMg xacERkgcajeqatKNbkS hVnsIun
eT[t buEnRKanEttamrUbPaB epSgeT[tbueNaH . rIkicRBmeRB{gGnrCatinana nig
nwgKNbkS RbCaCn BIz 5 kk,damkTl nwgz 7 kk,daqaM 1997 enAkNal
karERbRbYlGVIbunaneT ? karRbECgkmaMgrvag ev[tNam nig cin enAEtmanbnmk

skmPaBkarTUt
rvag
rvagRbeTsTaMgBIrenH
k*edaHRsay:nEtbJacMeJHmux
bueNaHEdr. mYyvijeT[t RbeTskumynisTaMgBIrenH RtUvBYtdKasin edIm|IeZIV
yagNa kMuobsimRbeTslUkd cUlkgkarRbECgkmaMg enAkgtMbn:n eRJHza
ebIbsimRbeTs mankalanuvtnPaB cUlmkkg RbeTskmCa TaMgcin TaMgev[t

Nam k*:tbgOkaselb ykRsukExr nig Rsuklav dUcEtKa. KwenAkgn&yenH
ehIy EdlRbeTskumynisTaMgBIr BRgwgsamK<IPaB nwgKa CabeNaHGasnsin.
269
ebc mgeT[t. karRbyuTKa rvag kgT&B hVnsIunebc nig kgT&BEdlesaHRtg

TIRkugPMeBj k*:nRtUvGkseg,tkarNxH BiBN(naza manmUlehtu mkBIkar:rm
enHEdr . k*buEn enAeBlenaH elak shnaykrdmRnI TI2 h)un Esn:necaT

RBHGg<masrN#Ti RbZan n KNbkS hVnsIunebc za :neRbIkmaMgExrRkhm
vay rMlMelakecjBIraCrdaPi:l. rI RBHGg<masrN#Tivij EdlenAeBlmun
RBwtikarN enH :neZIVkarcrca CamYy ex[v sMpn RTg:nGHGagza ; elak h)un

Esn k*:neZIVkarcrcaCamYy eG[g sarI Der . RBHGg<mas rN#Ti RTg:nKUs
270
bJakbEnmeT[tza karsMucuHcUl n BYkExrRkhm minEmn CaeCaKC&y rbs
eRB{g sniPaB TIRkug:rIs RKanEt:n bJl mkkg rbb h)un Esn nUv vrCn
sYrenAeBlenaH KWza etIkarRbyuTKa naz 5 kk,daqaM 1997 bNalmk BI
TaMgBIr EtbueNaH eRJH RbeTsmhaGMNac eKnaMKa paksRg<amGseTA bnabBI
KNbkSNamYyeT EtCaeCaKC&y rbsrdaPi:l ExrTaMgmUl. sMnYrEdleKecaT

mUlehtuGVIvij eRkABI kardeNImGMNacKa CaRbBNIenaH/ mtixHylza Cakar
BitehIy Edlza eRkaysnisITGnrCati TIRkug:rIsqaM 1989 nig kicRBmeRB{g

TIRkug:rIsqaM 1991 RbeTsEdl:nKaMRTKUbdibk TaMgsgxag :n dkxnecj
Gs
BIGZikrNExr
k*buEn
eday
karbRgYbbRgYmCatieLIgvij
edayBMuykkar
e:HeqatCaZM BMu:nTTYleCaKC&y dUc kareRKagTuk rbs semc neratm sIhnu

EdlcgplC&yCMnH eTAo EtRkumkumynis dUcKa
/ karvivaTKaeLIgvij tamEbbT
munqaM 1993 k* ecHEtbneTAeT[t . enAeBlEdlsemc neratm sIhnu Edl:n

RtUveKcatTuk zaCa bita n kraCCati sBVRBHT&y crcaCamYy elak h)un
Esn munkicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs qaM 1991 RBHGg<RTgeQVgylza RBHGg<
neya:y EdleZIVsRg<amRbqaMgKaenAkgbribT n TMnas rvag bgbn kumynis
shPaB sUev[t Ebkxatxay . GkEdl:ncMeNj kgkarGnuvtn kicRBm

eRB{gsniPaB minEmn clnarMedaHeT EtKWrbbEdlev[tNam nigshPaB sUev[t
:nBRgwgCaeRscmun nwggecjeTA . rIGkxateRcInCageK KWW GkRbCaZibety

esrIniymEdl eRkaymk :nRtUveKKabsg,t swgEtegIbmmuxminrYc . cMeJHGk
raCaniym k*min:ncMeNjbunanEdr eRJH TaMgsemc neratm sIhnu TaMg RBHGg<
masneratm rN#Ti deNImykGMNac BIKNbkS RbCaCn min:ndEdl .

eTaHCayagNakI sRg<amRtCak rvagRbeTskumynis TaMgBIr enAkgrcnasm&n
neya:yExr enAminTancbsBVRKb enAeLIyeT .
semc
neratm
sIhnu
Edlsakl|gbRgYbbRgYm
Rkum
GacmanTiBl eTAelI elakh)un Esn. buEn tamkarBit elak h)un Esn Edl
kumynisExrTaMgBIr BMu:nTTYleCaKC&yeT eRJHRBHGg<minEmnCa GaC\a kNal
enaH cgeRbITiBlrbs semc sIhnu eTAvijeT KW edIm|IeZIVkarKabsg,t eTAelI
rbs ev[tNam:neT . eTaHbIRBHGg< pasTItaMg CaeRcIndgkI k*RBHGg< minGac
maneRb{bEpkeyaZa nig Epkrd:leTAelI clnaRbqaMg nwg ev[tNam enAeBl

RkumExrEdlKanRbvti ts)UCamYyBYkkumynis buEn EdlRtUvmk kankabvasna
RbeTskmCaeLIgvij
bnabBIGMeBIvinaskm
EdlBYkExrkumynis
:neZIVeTAelI
RbeTs nig eTAelIRbCaCnExr. KNbkS RbCaCn :nCYyrMedaHRbCaCnExr BI
rbb bul Bt k*BitEmn buEn karBit KWmkBI RbeTsev[tNam nig shPaB
sUev[tvayrMlM rbb bulBt Edlman RbeTscin enABIeRkay EtbueNaH. eBl
ev[tNam dkkgT&BecjBIRsukExr ehIyenAeBlEdlshPaBsUev[t rlMrlay
. RBHGg<CakUnGukrbscin dUcenH BMuGacGUsTaj elak h)un EsnEdlCakUnGuk
e:Hbgcinecal:neLIy. RbeTsev[tNam dkkgT&BrbseKecjBIkmCa k*Bit
Emn buEn eK k*mineNay oRkumExr EdlcinKaMRT BRgwgkmaMg nigTiBlrbsxn

enAkmCa :neLIy. BIqaM 1991 dlqaM 1993 ehIyBI qaM 1993 dlqaM 1997
enaH elak h)un Esn EdlCamnusSxaMg n rbbraCaniym GaRs&yrdZmnuJ zI
nig CamnusSxaMg n KNbkS RbCaCn minRtwmEt rkSayuTsaRs z 7

mkrarhUtbueNaHeT KW EzmTaMg bMEbk kmaMgBYkExrRkhmCaBIr :neT[tpg mun
eTA elak h)un Esn enAEtkankab TwkdIExr dEdl eRJH kgT&BrMedaH BMumaneRb{b
nwg clna ExrRkhm xagcinenH RtUv:kEbkxatxayKaGs enAcenaH z 5 nwg
rbseKCanic
RtLbmk kmCavij ehIy BIrrExeRkaymrNPaB rbs bul Bt . enAcenaHz
GIVbunan eTAelI rbbTIRkug PMeBj EdleRt{mlkN;CaeRsc edIm|I rkSaGMNac

eRkaykicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs
271
niyaymYyEbbeT[t
kicRBm
z 13 mizuna qaM 1998 KW CagBIrExeRkayeBlEdl RBHGg<masrN#Ti vil
272
5 nwg z 13 mizuna qaM 1998 enaH kgT&B nig kmaPi:l neya:y ExrRkhm
Esn BMuRBmpSHpSavij CamYyRBHGg<masrN#Ti RBHGg< k*RTgEtgtaMg GkTaMg
sitenAkgbribT nkarRbECgkmaMg rvag KUbdibk PUmisaRs_neya:y xagelI
qaM 1997 dEdlenaH KNkmkarRtYtBinit rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati Edlman
cMnYn 4 Jnnak :nsMucuHcUlraCrdaPi:l. RBwtikarNz 5 kk,da qaM 1997 k*
enHEdr. KWCakar:ttulPaBmYyd*ZM EdleZIVobNaRbeTshtelxIkicRBmeRB{g

sniPaBTIRkug:rIsqaM 1991 minGacTTYlyk:neLIy .
BIrnakenH otMNagRbeTskmCa enAGg<kar shRbCaCati. buEnenAz 19 kJa

GktMNagshrdGaemrik GktMNagRbeTscin nig GktMNag RbeTsrusSI Ca
smasPaB :nseRmcdakGasn; RbeTskmCa enAGg<kar shRbCaCatiosit

enATMenr dUecHvij. sUmktsMKalbEnmza mYyzmun esckIseRmcenH rbs
Gg<kar shRbCaCati PakgarnKr:l ExrcMnYnCag 100 nak Edlmanninakar
karKabsg,t rbs shKmn GnrCati
eTAxagRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti:txnrkmineXIj ehIy 4 z munkarseRmc
eTAelI elak h)un Esn eRkay
enaH KW enA z 16 kJa rdsPaBMuRBmGnum&t KeRmager[bcM KNrdmRnIzI Edl
elak h)un Esn :nesIeLIgenaHeT . KWCa viZankarmYy rbs elak h)un Esn
RBwtikarN z 5 kk,da 1997
EdlmaneKaledA CRmuHbkSBYkRBHGg<mas rN#Ti ecjBIrdaPi:l. manEt Gk

tMNagraRscMnYn 67 rUbbueNaHEdl:ne:Heqat ylRBm . ebIKittamcMnYn
La pression de la Communaut
internationale aprs lvnement
du 5 juillet 1997
CakMhit nGktMNagraRsEdl cUlrYmGg<RbCMu edIm|I GacebIkGg<RbCMu:n
(cMnYn
2 PaK 3) KW eXIjzaxVH 13 sMeLgeT[t . enAeBlenaH elaknaykrdmRnI h)un
Esn nig elak RbZanrdsPa Ca sIum :nRbCMuKa edIm|IBinitemIl sankarN

eRkayRBwtikarNz 5 kk,daqaM 1997 shKmnGnrCati eZIVkarKabsg,t
yagxaMgeTAelIelak h)un Esn . karRbyuTKa rvagkgT&B shnaykrdmRnI bdi
bkTaMgBIr n raCrdaPi:l enAkNalTIRkugPMeBj nig nA GUr sac :nbNal

oRbCaCnExr RmaN 2 mWun 5 Jnnak naMKarteTARCkekan enA Rtat KW extmYy
sitenA xagt|gRbeTsz ehIy Cag 2 mWunnakeT[t RcaleTAdlCMurMsUrwn .
enA
z 26 sIha RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu :n yagBI ebkaMgmkRsuk
Exrvij buEnRBHGg<RTgeTAKgenAExRtes[mrab edayminqgkatTIRkugPMeBjeT .
enAes[mrab RBHGg<RTgTTYl karcUlKal rbs elak h)un Esn nig elak Guwg
hYt EdlCa shnaykrdmRnIzI CMnYs RBHGg<mas rN#Ti. edayelak h)un
273
eRJH mgenH rdsPa RbkanCMhrmYyd*rwg minZabEdlmanesaH BIeBlmun .
enATIbMput eK:nseRmce:Heqat plkarTukcit eTAo elak Guwg hYt nig
kardkGP&yksiTi BI RBHGg<masn neratm rN#Ti eday viZIelIkd . eTaH

CayagNak*eday k*Gg<kar mUlniZi rUbIyvt GnrCati
elak
(FMI) nig ZnaKarBiPB
( Banque mondiale) :n seRmclubecal BnaeBl kmvIZI plCMnYy
cMnYn 120 lan dular eTAokmCaEdr. mYyvijeT[t Gg<kar hirJvt GnrCati
TaMgBIrenH mankar:rmxacERkgman karkibekgR:k Edl:nmk BIkarlkRB
eQIpgeT[t. rI KeRmagkar oRbeTskmCa xIR:k sRmaber[bcMehdarcna

sm&n k*RtUvTukecalsinEdr . bnabBIi karcatviZankarenH rbsGg<kar mUlniZi
274
rUbiyvt GnrCati nig ZnaKar BiPBelak RbeTskmCaTaMgmUl mankartkst
GnrCatieT elak h)un Esn k*BMuGaceZIVGVIEtmakg:nEdr. magrT[t karbHJl
e:HeqatsPaqaM 1998 eRJHeBlevlakanEtxitCitmkdl . enAkgsnisITmYy
1993 k* nwgGaceZIVosanPaBenAkg RbeTskmCa RkLabcakEdr edayehtuza
yagxaMg. cMeJHelak h)un Esn vij bJacMeJHmux Edlelak:rmCageK KWwkar

na z 24 kJaenATIRkug:rIs elaknaykrdmRnIExr h)un Esn :nRBmandl
Gg<kar shRbCaCati GMBI karEdl Gg<kar GnrCatienH Gac nwgeRbItYnaTI rbseK
enAkgkare:Heqat qaM 1998 . elak h)un Esn :necaTsYrza etI Gg<karsh

RbCaCati bMeBjtYnaTI rbseK tamEbbNaEdr ebIGasn;kmCa enAGg<kar sh
RbCaCatienATMenrdUecHenaH / karKabsg,t rbs shKmn GnrCati manCaeRcIn
eT[t tamrUbPaBepSg> .
dl rbbRbCaZibety esrIBhubkS EdlmanEcgyagc|as kgrdZmnuJ qaM

rdZmnuJenaH CakarZa
ZanamYy d*ZMsRmaboRbeTskmCa Gacman TMnakTMng
l RtwmRtUv CamYy shKmn GnrCati . BitEmnEt rdZmnuJenH :nRtUvrMelaP

Ca bnbnab k*Gg<kar shRbCaCatisuxcitbiTEPksinEdr eRJHEtRbeTsZM>Edl
CabJkB&n kugvibtiExr RbjabdkxneK ecjBIGZikrNenH . eTaHCayagenHkI
karrMelaPCajwkjabeBk k*Gacc nwgbNaloRbeTsZak kgvibticas saCazI
eT[tEdr. eKseg,teXIjza karRbECgkmaMgenAkgtMbn CaktamYy EdlGacCMruj

oRbeTskmCa Zak eTAkgPaBRcbUkRcbl GnaZibety k*rbbpackar Etmg
k*Gacza:n. RbkarEdlKYroktsMKal KWza karpSHpSarvag PaKIbdibknana :n
karer[beCIgRBYl
e:Heqat sPa sRmab nItikalTI 2

Prparation des lgislatives pour
la 2me lgislature
TTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug eRJHEteKBMuRBmyk kare:Heqat eZIVCamUldan n karedaH

RsaybJa. KNbkS
RbCaCn BMuRBmdkzy BIGMNac Cadacxat eTaHenA
kgkrNINak*eday KW eTaHCaTTYlbraC&y enAkgkare:HeqatkI . ebIBinitemIl

yuTsaRs neya:y rbs KNbkS
RbCaCn
eKseg,teXIjza KNbkSenH
eKarBc|abJkkNal mineKarBJkkNal Caehtu eZIVoman karBi:kcabzak

hVnsIunebc nig KN bkS
BneBkRk Ca Biess enAkgRbeTsmYy Edlvb|Zm( niTNPaB :nykQHeTA
karRbECgkmaMgKa rvag RkumbdibkTaMgBIr Kancaj Kan QH zVIt|itEtelak h)un
eTaHCa eKarBc|ab mineKarBkI kare:HeqatsPa enAEtsit enACaRck
karRbyuTKa rvag KNbkSraCaniym
RbCaCn eJlKW GtItKNbkSkumynisExr enAqaM 1997 :n s oeXIjza
elI KalkarN nItird:n .
Esn :nseRmceZIVoRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti cakecjBIRbeTsk*eday .
EtmYy sRmab oKNbkSTaMgBIrenH ttaMgKabn eTAeT[t . ebIe:Hbgecal nUv
ehIy CaBiess BIGg<kar hirJvtGnrCati RBHGg<mas rN#Ti :nvilRtLb
mageT[t ebIeKecjmux RbyuTKa tampv GavuZ k*:nRtwmxat TaMgcug TaMgedIm
RbeTskmCa bnmkeT[t buEnebIKankarTTYls<alnigCMnYyR:kkas BIshKmn
GnrCati TIRkug:rIs qaM 1989 nig kicRBmeRB{gsniPaBTIRkug:rIs qaM 1991
enATIbMput edayman karKabsg,t BIGnrCati nig BI bNaRbeTs enAkgtMbn
eKalkarNenH
mkkgqak neya:yvij. CakarBitehIyEdlza KNbkS RbCaCn enAEtkab
EtbueNaH
275
k*eXIjza
eRJHKanRbeTs
KanKNbkS
Ca
mitNa
NamYy
GacykcMeNj
eKh)anrMelaP
276
eKalkarN
:neT.
snisIT
eLIy . KwenA kgn&yenHehIy EdlKNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc :ncg
enAz 30 mina bnabBI:nRtUvnireTsxn Gsry;eBl CitmYyqaM . mYyqaMmun
ZibetyesrIniym BuTsasna rbselak sWn san . rIKNbkS RbCaCn
ehIyclnaExrRkhm TaMgmUlsitenAkgPaBRcbUkRcbl mYyEdlbJakza cl
sm&nPaB CamYy KNbkS CatiExr rbs elak sm rgSI nig KNbkS RbCa
eK k*cgsm&nPaBCamYyRkummYyeT[t rbs KNbkScugeRkayenHEdr KW Rkum
EdldwknaMedayelak eG[g mUlI. edIm|IyksMeLgo:neRcInEzm eT[t KNbkS

RbCaCn :ncgsm&n PaBCamYyKNbkS mUlINaka
53
nig KNbkScMnYn
mrNPaB rbs bul Bt KW enA qaM 1997 BYkemdwknaMExrRkhm Ebk :kKaGs

nakumynisExr d*l|Il|ajenH :nQanmkdl TIGvsan .
dUceyIg:ndwg xH> rYcmkehIy enAExsIhaqaM 1996 eG[g sarI
EdlCaemExrRkhm lMdabzak TI 2 bnabBI bul Bt ehA bgTI 1 ehIyEdl
8 eT[t Edl kalBInItikal TI 1 Kan GktMNag enAkgrdsPa . KNbkS 2
:neZIVbdivtn CamYyKa swg knHstvtS mkehIy :npacxn ecjBI bul Bt
eRJHEtmancrn GksaZarNrdniym enAkgsm&nPaB rbs KNbkS RbCaCn
Ebk:kxatxayGs . munnwgRtUvrlay:teTA RkumExrRkhmenAGngEvg man
kg cMeNamKNbkS TaMg 8 enaH manninakar saZarNrdniym. enAeBl enaH
ehIy mkcgsm&nPaBCamYyelak h)un Esn vaykMeTcBYk bul Bt enAGngEvg
RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu RTg:nKMramza nwg dakraCEtmg .
kareRbHqap
TIGvsan n clna ExrRkhm
bkSBYk rbseK Edl:nrt eTAcUlkgCYr raCrdaPi:lbJHbJl osMucuHcUl
enAqaM 1997_1998
kgmYyd*ZM
rYceRsceTAehIy.
enAExmizuna
qaM
1997
emdwknaM
ExrRkhm 2 nak enAGngEvg KW sun esn nig tamuk :nRtUvRkumRKYsar nig

raCrdaPi:l dUcBYkeKEdr. eday:ndwgGMBIer]genH bul Bt k*bJa oeKsmab
sun esn EdlCa embJakar kgT&Brbsxn RBmTaMgRkumRKYsarTaMgGs rbs
La fin du Mouvement khmer rouge

en 1997 1998
sun esn cMnYn 11 nak . buEn bnabBI :nsmab sun esn nig RkumRKYsar
rbseKrYcmk bul Bt nig RkumEdlesaHRtg nwg bul Bt :nRtUv tamuk yk
eTAdakXMuXaMg rYcyk bul Bt eTAkateTasenA Exkk,da qaM1997 . enAeBl

munkare:HeqatsPa nItikalTI 2 EdleRKageZIVenAz 26 kk,da qaM 1998
manRBwtikarNsMxan 3 KYroktsMKal. RBwtikarNTI 1 Kw karvaykMeTcmUldan
BYkExrRkhm enAGngEvg edayraCrdaPi:l nigkmaMgkgT&B rbs eG[g sarI
rYmKa. RBwtikarN TI 2 KW mrNPaB rbs bul Bt enAz 15 emsa qaM 1998

ehIy RBwtikarN TI 3 Kw karvilmkRsuExrvij rbs RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti
53
enaH tamuk EdlCaemExrRkhmmakl|Il|aj xagkarRbRBwti GMeBIkacsahavRB
pS k* cabepImkankabmUldan GngEvg Etmakg . GkNa k* xactamukenHEdr
eRJHoEtGkNa eZIVioKatTascit KatykeTAeZIIVTaruNkm rYcsmabecal eday
tGasUr. edayRTaMmin:n BYkExrRkhm k*naMKa bHe:rRbqaMg ehIy rtcUlraC
rdaPi:lEtmg. enATIbMput tamuk:nRtUvraCrdaPi:l cabxn:n. mun nwg Qan
mkdlkar rlMrlayenAqaM 1998 clna ExrRkhm :nqgkat dMNakkar Ca
MOULINAKA : clna rMedaHCati Exr .

277
278
eRcIn. kaledImeLIy KWCaclna rbsExr kumynismYyRkum Edl:nkekIteLIg
sIhnu mankgVl yagxaMg . enA Exkk,da qaM 1962 RsabEt TU samut RtUv:t
enAkgCMBUk CabnbnabeTAenH x\M sUmelIkeLIg GMBI Rbvti Bisar nclna Exr
xHeZIVkarsnidanza :nRtUv bul Bt smab ecalEtmg . rImUlehtuEdleK
edaysarkarbtm rbs bkSkumynis ev[tNam .

RkhmenH edIm|rkSaTuk Caksar ter[geTA .
:nykmksMGag KW karvivaTrvag CnkumynisExr nig yYn. eyageTAtam niekb

bTenH bul Bt RbEhlCasmab TU samut eRJHEt TU samut manCMen]eTAelI
kardwknaM rbs ev[tNam. bul Bt nigRkum rbseK sbev[tNamNas ehIy
Rbvti n clnaExrRkhm
bul Bt xng cgkayxneTA CaemdwknaM bdivtn kumynisExr dacRLHecj
BIqaM 1953 dlqaM 1998
BIev{tNamEtmg. sUmktsMKalza enAqaM 1960 bkSRbCaCn bdivt kmCa
Le Mouvement khmer rouge

de 1953 1998
enAqaM 1953 enAeBlEdl saLt sr ehA bul Bt RtLb mkBI
Rsuk:raMgvij eK:ncUleTAbeRmI clna kumynisExrmYyRkum tamry; clna

kumynisev[tNam. kaledImeLIy clna kumynisExrenaH Edl:nRtUvbeg,It
eLIgeday clna yYnev[tmij maneQaHza bkSRbCaCnbdivt kmCa54 eday

man sWg guk mij CaRbZan nig
xnenAkgPaBd*Gaz(kM:Mg . xHzaRtUv bUulIs rbs esc sIhnu cab buEn ksar
TU samut CaGnuRbZan . enAbNaqaM 50_60
clnaenaH BMusUvmanskmPaBGVI KYrocabGarmNbunaneT buEneRkaymk eday

mannisSit bJvnCaeRcIn cUlrYmcMENk RkumExrkumynisenaH k* manskmPaB
enAkgTMhM neya:ymYy d*ZM . nisSitExrenARsuk:raMg EdlmansJabRt ZM>

:nERbkay clnaenaH oeTACa clna neya:ymYy EdleZIVo esc neratm
(P.P.R.K.) :nERbeQaHmkCa bkSBlkrkmCa (P.T.K.) ehIyeRkaymkeT[t
KW enAExkJaqaM 1966 :nERbeQaHBI bkSBlkr kmCa mkCa bkSkumynis

kmCa
(P.C.K.) Etmg. GVIEdleK:ndwgc|as KWenAeBlEdl bul Bt seRmc
breQaHBI bkSBlkrkmCa mkCa bkSkumyniskmCa bul Bt :nseRmc

cUlkg clna kumynis rbs cin EdlRbqaMg nwg clna kumynisev[tNam
eRJHEt ev[tNam yk shPaB sUev[t CabEgk. TMnas rvag bgbnkumynis

TaMg 2 enH manTMhMZMNas bnabBIcin Tasnwg shPaB sUev[t taMgBI qaM
1959 mk.
enAExemsaqaM 1975 BYkkumynisExr mhaCatiniym TaMgenH Edl
:nRtUvsemc neratm sIhnuoeQaHza ExrRkhm :nvayrMlMrbb
saZarN
rdExr rbs tmesnIy ln nl nig sirimt; ehIy eLIgkanGMNac RKb
RKgRsukExrGsry;eBlCag 3 qaM . enAeRkamrbbenH EdlGkdwknaM Tas
ETgKa eRJHEtkarEbgEck rvag Gkmanninakar eTAxagcin nig Gkmanninakar

eTAxagev[tNam RbCaCnExrCit 2 lannak :nRtUvBYkenH eZIVTaruNkm yag
54
karkMNtzkMeNIt bkSenH eJlKWz ebIkmhasni:t TI 1 man karExVg
KMnitKa enAkgCYr CnkumynisExr. xHzaz 19 kum; 1951 xHza z 28 mizuna

qaM 1951 xHeT[tza z 30 kJaqaM 1951 .
279
RBpSrhUt dl:tbgCivit. enAEx mkraqaM 1979 kgT&B ev[tNam :ncUlmk

lukluyRsukExr ehIyvayrMlM rbb bul Bt ecal:teTA . kgT&B ExrRkhm
eRkambJakar rbs bul Bt :nrYbrYmKa Ca clna rMedaH RbeTskmCa BIkar

280
RtYtRta rbs ev[tNam ehIyeRkayGnraKmn rbsGg<kar shRbCaCati enAqaM
1992 k*:kEbkKaGseRJHBYkeK BMuRBmGnuvt kicRBmeRB{gsniPaBTIRkug:rIs.
epImksag enAEx kum;qaM 1963 :nRtUvrlMrlayeTAvij 34 qaMeRkaymk enA

Exmizuna qaM 1997 bnabBI bul Bt :nbJa oeKsmab sun esn EdlCa
rdmRnITTYlbnkxagkgT&B. kalenaH bul Bt :nmktaMgTIenAGngEvg. enA Ex

sIha qaM 1996 eG[g sarI :npacxnecjBI bul Bt ehIy cgsm&nPaB
CamYy raCrdaPi:l vaykMeTc mUldan GngEvg rbs bul Bt. enAz 25

kk,daqaM 1997 tamuk emExrRkhmmakeT[t EdlCashkarI rbs bul Bt taMg
:nyk bul Bt eTAkateTas. enATIbMput bul Bt TTYl
mrNPaB enAz 15 emsaqaM 1998 enAkgsan PaBmYy d*KYroktsMKal KW
RtUvmitPki ExrRkhmdUcKa e:HbgecalehIy yksB eTAdutecalelI KMnrekA

s)UkgLan. KanExrRkhmNamak rvlykcitTukdakGIVTaMg GseRkABIRbBnekg
TI 2 rbs bul Bt .
enAqaM 1963 saLt sr ehA bul Bt :ndeNIm cg,t bkSBlkr
kmCa KW enAeBlEdl bkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa ebIk mhasni:t breQaHmk

55
tamuk :ncUlCa
bkSBlkrkmCa
smaCik
mCimbkS
enAeBlebIk
mhasni:t
enAz 20_21 kum;qaM 19963 . KW enAeBlenaH ehIyEdl
bul BteLIgeZIVCaelxabkS edaytqgkat kare:Heqat eRCIstaMg. smaCik

mCimbkSkalenaH manCaGaT ? esa Pwm, eG[g sarI, nYn Ca nig vn evt.
281
KW esa Pwm eT Edl RtUvTTYlmuxtMENgenH enAeBlEdl TU samut :txnenAz
bul Bt :nbeg,It kariyal&y neya:ymYy Edlman eG[g sarI, nYn Ca, esa
EmkZagmYy nclna Exrkumynis EdlsaLt sr ehA bul Bt :ncab
55
CMnYs TU samut edayKan kareRCIs taMgtaMg EtgtaMgGVITaMgGs . tamkarBit
20 kk,da qaM 1962 . enAExkum;qaM 1963 bnabBIeLIgkantUnaTI Ca elxabkS
clnaExrRkhmeRkamkardwknaM rbs bul Bt
BIqaM 19963 mk
Ca bkSBlkr kmCa . bul Bt eLIgkan muxtMENg Ca GK<elxaZikarbkS
Pwm nig vn evt Ca smaCik . KWw enAeBlenaHEdrEdl tamuk cUlCasmaCik

KNmCim . taMgBIqaM 1963 enaHmk bkSkumynisExr manTMnasmYy d*ZM buEn
edayminecjmux rvagGkEdl:n TTYlkarbMJkbMbnneya:y nigmenaKmviCa
BITIRkughaNUy nwg BYkGkkumynisExr Catiniym Edlman cin CabEgk ehIy
Edldk xn ecjbnicmg> BI kardwknaM rbs TIRkughaNUy . GkEdlmanCMen]
eTAelIyuTsaRs rbs ev[tNamCaeRcIn :n:txn CabnbnabtaMg BIeBlenaH

mk. enAExkJaqaM1966 bnabBI RtLbmk BIRbeTscin nig BIRbeTsev[tNam
vij tampvlM hU CImij eBlEdlmkdl kariyal&yelx 100 enARkUcqarPam
bul Bt :nbreQaH bkSBlkr kmCa mkCa bkSkumyniskmCa Etmg .
enAExemsaqaM 1975 KW 12 qaMeRkaymk BYkExrRkhm dwknaMeday bul Bt
:nvayrMlM
rbb
saZarNrdExr dwknaMeday tmesnIy ln
nl
nig
GkGg<mas sIusuvti sirimt;. enAz 17 emsa qaM 1975 enaH ExrRkhm cUl
mkdlTIRkugPMeBj ehIy edjRbCaCn oecjGs KanslBITIRkug. eTaHbIman

TMnaspkg d*xaMgkakI ExrRkhm RKbRKg RbeTskmCa Gsry;eBl Cag 3 qaM
eRkameQaHza RbeTskmCaRbCaZibety ehIyEdlExrRkhmehAza Gg<kar
eJlKW KanGVI eRkABI bkSkumyniskmCa dwknaMeday bul Bt enaH eLIy.
enAqaM 1978-79 kgT&Bev[tNam EdlmanbEgkd*maM BIshPaB sUev[t :n
cabepImvayrMlM rbb kmCa bCaZibety rbs bul Bt EdlmancinCabEgk

ehIy :nTTYlC&yCMnH enAz 7 mkraqaM 1979 . enAeRkam rbb ExrRkhm
282
dwknaMeday bul Bt KW enAcenaHz 17 emsaqaM 1975 nwg z 7 mkraqaM 1979

RbCaCnExrrs enAkgTrikS kgkarPitP&y RtUveKykeTAeZIVTaruNkmsmabecal
swg Caer[gralz. RbCaCnstRtg Edl:tbgCivit enAkgrbbenH man cMnYn
RbmaNCit 2 lan nak. PaKeRcIn n GkTaMgenH :nRtUvBYkExrRkhmyk
kare:HeqatsPa enA Exkk,da qaM 1998
Les lgislatives de Juillet 1998

kare:HeqatsPanItikalTI 2 EdlRbRBwteTAenAz 26 kk,da qaM 1998
eTAeZVITaruNkm yagRBpS munnwg ykeTAsmab eday vay nwgt|gcb. maK(a
:nRtUvmCdanxH nig RbeTsmhaGMNac mYycMnYn catTukza man lkN;l
RbCaCng edaytZm(emta GIV bnicbnceLIy. rI bkSkumynis rbseK k*
dleTA 93, 74 % . buEn karrabsnwkeqat nig karkMNtcMnYnGasn; enAkg
eJlKW taMg BI KNmCim rhUtdl RbZanPUmi . enAqaM 1978 kmaPi:lExr
eKkMBugrabsnwkeqat KNbkS RbCaCn elIkeLIg GMBI C&yCMnHrbseK Tuk
Nam cabepImvaycUlmk kgRsukExr Etmg eTIbBYk bul Bt Ebk:kxatxay
snwkeqat nig mankarKMramkMEhg BI sMNak KNbkSkanGMNac . elak sm
beg,It bkSRbCaCnbdivt kmCa eLIgvij
e:Heqat BMumanlkN; RtwmRtUveLIy enAkgExRtsVayer[g es[m rab eJZisat
neya:y rbs bul Bt enAeBleLIgkan GMNac :nnaMmknUvkar kabsmab
RbesIr eTaHbI minldl 100 % kI. GkEdlcUlrYm kgkare:Heqat manrhUt
TasETgEbk:kKaEdr. XatkmkmaPi:l mantaMg BIzakelI rhUtdlzakeRkam
rdsPa :necaTeLIg CabJamYy d*sKsaj. enAz 28 kk,da enAeBlEdl
Rkhm :nnaMKaegIbeLIg bHe:r RbqaMg nwg bul Bt . buEnTalEtkgT&B ev[t
munCaeRsc. enAeBl dEdlenaH KNbkSRbqaMg :nRbkasza man karbnM
rtecalRsukGs . enAeBlvaylukcUl mkkgRsukExr kgT&Bev[tNam :n
rgSI xag KNbkSRbqaMg KW KNbkS sm rgSI 56 :nGHGagza dMeNIr n kar
edayman elak ehg sMrwn nig
elak Ebn suvN CaGkdwknaM . sUmbJakeLIgvijza karEdlbkSkumynisExr
EbkCaBIrdUecH KW mkBImanTMnas rvag bdivtncin nwg bdivtn ev[tNam Edl
man shPaB sUev[tCaemekIy. buEn enAeBlEdl shPaB sUev[t rlMrlay

eTA TIRkugebkaMg nig shrdGaemrik EdlCasRtUv nwgshPaB sUev[t :ntemIg
BYkbulBteLIgvij edIm|IBYtd CamYy BYkraCaniym nig GkRbCaZibetyExr
vayedjkgT&Bev[tNamecjBIRsukExr . enATIbMput edayGsbEgk ev[tNam
RtUvbgMcit dkkgT&BecjBIRsukExr. buEn eRkayGnraKmn rbs Gg<kar shRb

CaCati enAqaM 1992_1993 PaKIExrRkhmdwknaMeday bul Bt :nRtUvPaKIExr
epSg>eT[t Tat ecal enATIbMput eRJHrbb ExrRkhm enAcenaHqaM 1975_1979

:n RtUv sklelakTaMgmUl ez,aleTas ehIy TamTaroykeTAkateTas BIbT
Rbl&ymnusSCati .
nig kMBgqaMg . KNbkSRbqaMg:nKMramza nwg minTTYls<al rdsPazIeLIy

ebIeK
minBinitemIl
:tuPaBminl
TaMgLayenaHeT.
eym
rab)In
GknaMJk nRksYgkarbreTs shrd Gaemrik :nesIsMu ordaPi:lExr eZIVkar

Geg,tGMBI bJaenHCa bnan edIm|IbJakza lTpl nkare:Heqat BitCa qH
56
elak sm rgSI CakUn rbs elak sm sarI GtItmRnICMnan rbb sg<m
raRsniym . enAqaM 1965 elak sm rgSI eTAsikSaenARbeTs:raMg ehIy vil
RtLbmkRsukExrvij enAqaM 1992. kalenaHelakCa smaCik KNbbkSraCa

niym
hVnsIunebc.
enAqaM
1995
elak
beg,ItKNbkSpal
rbselak
EdlelakoeQaH za KNbkS CatiExr . enAqaM 1998 KNbkS CatiExr
breQaH mk CaKNbkS sm rgSI vij .

283
elak
284
bJaMg nUvqn; rbs RbCaCnExrEmn. enAz 30 kk,da elak h)un Esn nayk
rdmRnI GsGaNti enAeBlenaH :nesIsMuoKNbkSRbqaMgTaMgBIr KWKNbkS
sm rgSI Edl:nTTYl 14 %
n sMeLg RtUvmanGktMNag 15 rUb enA
rdsPa . enAcMeJHmux lTplenH KNbkSRbqaMg k* cabepImecaTza K. C. b.
hVnsIunebc nigKNbkS sm rgSI cUlrYmCamYyKNbkS RbCaCn rbs
:nbrrUbmn
EdleKRbkaslTplxH> eKk*cabepIm eZIVkarkMNt cMnYnGasn;kgrdsPa. enA
rdsPa rYmRbCMuKa edIm|IeZIVviesaZnkm d*sMxanmYy EdlRBHmhakSRt neratm
R:bza karkMNtcMnYn Gasn;RtUveZIV eTAtamRbB&nsmamaRtmZm PaKeRcInCag
Taroman mtiPaKeRcIn 2 PaK 3 eJlKW 73 sMeLg eTIbGaccattaMg rdaPi:l
elak beg,ItrdaPi:lcRmuHmYy KWrdaPi:lKNbkS 3 rYmKaEtmg. enAeBl

z 30 kk,da KNkmaZikarCati n kare:Heqat (K. C. b.) :nRbkasbJak
eK
(systme proportionnel la plus forte moyenne) eJl KWw eTAtamrUbmn
eyhVEhVrsun
(Jefferson) . KW CaRbB&nmYyEbb EdlsRmYldl KNbkS
Edl:nsnwkeqateRcInCageK. buEn bJaEdlecaTeLIg enAeBlenaH KWza maRta
119 nrdZmnuJ BMu:nbJakR:b GMBIRbB&n EdleKRtUveRbI sRmabkare:H
eqatesaH. rI maRta 16 nc|abe:Heqat k*RbKl Parkic seRmc GMBI bJaenH
eTAoKNkmaZikar K.C.b. TaMgRsugEdr. enAkgn&yenH enA z 6 sPa K.C.b.
:npSBV pSay ksarmYy cMnYn 200 TMB&r edIm|IBnl GMBI RbB&nEbgEck KW

RbB&n mYyEbb EdlQrenAelIrUbmn eyhVEhVrsun .
ebIKittamrUbmn eyhVEhVrsun KNbkS RbCaCn Edl :nTTYl 2
lan 3 muWn 802 sMeLg RtUv:n 41, 42 % . ebIKit eTAtamRbB&nedIm KN
bkSenH:nRtwm 59 Gasn;bueNaH. ebIKit tamrUbmn eyhVEhVrsun KWRtUv:n
rhUtdleTA 64 Gasn; KW sMeLg PaKeRcIndacxat. ebIKittamreb[b EbgEck

EdlGg<kar GaRbUnuc :neRbI kalBIkare:HeqatqaM 1993 KNbkS RbCaCn
nwg TTYl 56 Gasn;. edayKiteTAtamRbB&n eyhVEhVrsun lTpl n
kare:Heqat Edl:nRtUvRbkasCapvkarenAz
6 sIha man dUcteTA? KNbkS
RbCaCn Edl:nTTYl 41% n snwkeqat RtUv:n 64 Gasn;. KNbkS
hVnsIunebc Edl:nTTYl 32 % n sMeLg RtUv:n 43 Gasn; . KNbkS

285
edaymin:nR:bCamun.
rI
kMhus
k*ZakeTAelI
elak ezGU
NUEGl KW CnCati kaNadamak EdlCaTIRbwkSa rbs K. C. b.. enA z 24 kJa
sIhnu :nesIeLIgobEnm eTAelI rdZmnuJ qaM 1993 . viesaZnkmenaH Tam
:n. karbEnmenH KW sRmabbeg,It rdaPi:lcRmuH EtbueNaH buEn k*Ca ktamYy
EdlnaMoeZIVGVI k*BMuecjEdr . ebIeyageTAtam lTpl n kare:Heqat eKseg,t

eXIjza KanKNbkSNamYy Gacyk 73 sMeLg:nenaHeT. dUcenH karbeg,It
rdaPi:lcRmuH CakarcaM:c .
GMBIyuTsaRs n
karksagRbeTseLIgvij
Stratgie de la reconstruction du pays
dUceyIgg:ndwgrYcmkehIy eRkaykare:HeqatqaM 1998 KNbkSRbqaMg
minRBmTTYls<allTpl nkare:HeqateT. enA z
3 kJa nisSitRbmaN 3
Jnnak RBmTaMgRBHsg 50 Gg< :nnaMKa eZIV:tukm yagKRKwkKeRKg enAmux

TIsakkar shPaBGWrub nig enAmux sanTUtmYycMnYn manCaGaT sanTUt shrd
Gaemrik sanTUtCbun nigsanTUtev[tNam edIm|I sMEdgkarminRBmTTYlyk lT
pl nkare:H eqatenaH. enAz 3 kJaenaH RbeTsCbun TTYls<allTpl n

kare:HeqatCapvkar ehIyesIsMuoKNbkSTaMgLayenaHbeg,ItrdaPi:l. mYyz
bnabmk bNaRbeTsn smaKmGasIuGaeKy (A.S.E.A.N.) k* esIsMu dUcKa GuIcwg

286
Edr eTaHbI Gkseg,tkarN n RbeTsTaMgenaH naMKaylza karTatecalJk
mhicta n RbeTsCitxag CaBiess RbeTscin. ebICMnYyTaMgenHRtUvkatpac
edaHRsay bNwg TaMgenaHeT eKenAEtylza lTpl n kare:Heqat minKYro
KYroesaksay KW karEdlGkdwknaMRbeTs enAeBlenaH RbmUllkN;sm|ti
sRmYlKa tamreb[bRKYsar KW reb[b EdlRBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu RTg
GBaRkwt rbsxn dUckareRKagTuk n kicRBmeRB{g sniPaB TIRkug:rIseLIy.
bwg rbsKNbkSRbqaMg CakarEdlminGacTTYlyk:nkI edayehtuza ebImin
eC]dEdl. enAkgeBl dEdlenaH Gg<RbCMubNaRbeTs Gas)an niyaysRmuH

:neRKager[bcMCaeRsc
enAz
5_6
nig
kJa
enAes[mrab.
dMeNaH
RsayenaH :nTTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug. elak h)un Esn :nGeJIj eTArYmRbCMu
buEn RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti RbZan n KNbkS h)Vn sIunebc nigelak
RbeTsTaMgmUl nwgZakeTAkg kNabd n RbeTscinCaBMuxan . buEnRbkar Edl

min:n RKbRKan edIm|I BRgwgeKalCMhr o:nrwgmaM sRmab ksag neya:y
bnicmg> RbeTskmCa ZakeTAkgRkjaM nRbeTs EdlcgykExreZIVCarNb
taMgBIeBlEdl:raMgecj:teTA. KwenAkgn&y enHehIy EdlsSrCn CaRbvti
saRsZM> bnBRgwgTiBl rbsBYkeK bneTAeT[t . niyaymYyEbbeT[t Kwman
sm rgSI GkdwknaM KNbkS sm rgSI :nbJn RtwmGkCMnajkarrbseKEt
n&yza ; ksagxneLIgvij edaymankarbtm BIRbeTsplCMnYy buEn EbreTACa
Gaemrik katCMnYy rbseK Tuk sinedIm|ITukeBloeKBinitJkbNwg o:n
mk eTAvij. EtenH Caneya:y rbssemc neratm sIhnu taMgBIeBl TamTar
bueNaHoeTAcUlrYm. enATIbMput GktMNag shPaB GWrub k*:nesIsMuo shrd
RtwmRtUv. sUmktsMKalza taMgBIqaM 1992 mk RbeTskmCa rsenA nigksag

xneLIgvij eday CMnYybreTs . sRmabqaM 1992 mkdlqaM 1995 shKmn
GnrCati :nsnaplR:kCMnYy cMnYn 2 Jn 290 landular KW ebIKitCamZm
KW 572 lan dular kgmYyqaM>. buEn eRkaymk edayKeRmagkarepSg> BMusUv
manKuNPaBl eKk*plRtwm 1 Jn 350 lan dular bueNaHvij . eTaHCayag
sRmb eTAtamplRbeyaCn rbsRbeTsEdlZab:neZIV:bxnenAeBlzI> kng

kraC BI:raMg:nmk . eRkaykicRBmeRB[gTIRkug:rIs
edayRTgsb
bsim
RbeTs eBk RBHGg<enA EtxitxM beRmIplRbeyaCn rbs RbeTsTaMgenaH bneTA

eT[t. sPaBkarNenHbJakoeXIjza GkdwknaMExrenAkgTsvtS 1990 BMuRBm
dkemer[n RbvtisaRs GVITaMgGs.
ry;eBlmYyqaM:nkngputeTAehIy buEn GkdwknaMExrenAEtecjBITsSn;
NakI GIVEdleKktsMKal KWza eTaHbI RbeTskmCa sitenAkgkarRbTajRbTg
neya:y GnrCaticasminrYcdEdl
rNbTaMgRsug eTAnwg RbeTsplCMnYyTaMg 16 RbeTs nig sab&n hirJvt
RbsinNa CaeKnaMKaeRbIR:sCMnYyTaMgenaH edIm|IxitxMksagRbeTseLIgvij eTA
rvag RbeTscin nig RbeTsev[tNam kI k* tamkarBit karksagRbeTseLIgvij

GnrCati cMnYn 6 Edr enAkgenaH man Gg<kar (mUlniZi rUbiyvt GnrCati
(FMI) nig Gg<kar ZnaKar BiPBelak (Banque mondiale) Edr .

karEdlRbeTskmCa
ksagxn
eLIgvij
eday
CaBiessCMnYy rbs Cbun nig CMnYy BIbsimRbeTs
CMnYy
breTs
enH
manCa GaT RbeTs:raMg
CakarmYy EdlbJakza RbeTskmCaman CMhr mYy d*maMsRmabTbTl nwg

287
eTaHbIGkEdl:nTTYlrgeRKaHeday rbb
kumynis eTIbnwg:nnaMKa vayrMlM kMEpgEb)rLaMg enAeBlzI> ecal eTAehIykI.
tammaK(amYyEdlkMNt eday kicRBmeRB{g sniPaB TIRkug:rIs _ KW kicRBm
eRB{gmYy EdlGacedaHRsaybJaPUmisaRs_neya:y :nTaMgRsug _ RbeTs

kmCa k* nwgGaceKcput BImhicta rbs RbeTsCitxag nigenAkg tMbn:nEdr .
enAz 27 nig 28 tula qaM 1999 GktMNagbNaRbeTs plCMnYyTaMg
16 nigGktMNag Gg<kar hirJvt GnrCati cMnYn 6 :n ebIkGg<RbCMu mYy enATI

288
RkugPMeBj edIm|IeZIVkarvaytm kareRbIR:sCMnYy edayrdaPi:lExr. Gg<RbCMu
:ncuHzy KWBMuEmnmk BI vibtihirJvt enAGasIu bunaneT buEn KWWmkBIkgVH ehda
eLIy KWwmanenAEtelIRkdasbueNaH. TnwmenaHEdr Gg<RbCMu:nesIsMuo rdaPi:l
enaH KW mkBI GMeBI BukrlYy nig kgVHc|absIBI dIZI .
:nseg,teXIjza mankareC]nel]nl buEn BMuTanmankarGnuvtn CakEsgenA

Exr BRgwg karRbyuT nwg GMeBIBukrlYy GMeBI Rkidkm EdlkMBugrIkraldal nig
rcnasm&n JNiCkm CaBiess meZa:y dwkCJn mantm zeBk . eRkABI
enAkgry;eBl 10 qaMkngmk ebIeyag eTAtamRbPBxH karnaMcUl :n
Ca Biess karkabRBeQIxusc|ab. sUmktsMKalzasRmabqaM 1992_ 1995
ekIneLIgCalMdab KW :nekIn BI 177 landular enAqaM 1989 mk 1109
kgmYyqaM> . tamkarBit RbeTskmCa :nTTYlRtwm 59 % n CMnYybueNaH
Cati karnaMcUlenAqaM 1996 sitenAkgkRmit 787 landula rbueNaH . Tnwm
shKmnGnrCati :nsnaplCMnYy 2 Jn 290 landular KWW 572 lan
eRJH kmviZI EkTRmg minsUvman KuNPaB. enA qaM1999 RbeTs Cbun :n
seRmc bny CMnYy rbs eK mkRtwm 100 landular kgmYyqaM> EtbueNaH .

enAqaM 1999 enaH elak rdmRnI esdkic nig hirJvtExr Kat qun k*:n bJak
pgEdrza GtiprNa :ncuHBICag 12 % enAqaM 1998 mkRtwm 5 % rI R:k
cMNUl :nmk BIkarykGakr :nekIndl 58 % rYmbJlTaMgGakr T.V.A.57
landular enAqaM 1996. ebItamkarKnKUr rbs Gg<kar mUlniZi rUbiyvt Gnr

enaH karnaMecj k*mankRmitxs Edr KW :nekIn BI 80 landular enAqaM 1989
dl 328 lan dular enAqaM 1996 ehIyenAqaM 1998 :nekIndl 603 lan
dularEtmg. enAqaM 1998 enaH OnPaB CJIgJNiCkm :ncuHzy 6, 1 % KW
sit enAkgkRmit 9, 2 % eRb{beZ[beTA qaM 1996 KW muneBl manvibti hirJvt
enAGasIu. rIrUbiybN
(devises) rkSaTuk KWw sitenAkgkRmit 390 lan dular
pg. elak Kat qun k* :nbJakpgEdrza cMNaysaZarN; :n ekIn 16 %
bueNaH. RbkarEdlKYroktsMKal KWzaeday CabrvlEtbJasnisux rdaPi:l
Pakgarsnisux.
KitCa
karGPivDnkI. RbeTsnImYy> GacxaMg:n luHNaEtman GkecHdwg nigGkbeck
R:kEdl ZnaKar BiPBelak nig ZnaKar GasIu oxI . eKktsMKalza enAqaM
eZIVBMuTaneT KW muxCa nwg TTYlplvi:kCaBMuxan enAkgkarRbkYtRbECg esdkic k*
Et vibti esdkic nig hirJvt enAGasIu . rI vinieyaKmkBIGWrub k*cuHexSayeTA
enABIeRkay vis&yenH BMu:nlUtlas eTAtamkal;eTs;
KW :nekIn BI 4 lan 5 Esn dular enAqaM 1998 dl 16 lan 7 Esn dular
RKbvis&y rhUtdleBl RtUvRbkYtRbECg CamYyRbeTsepSg>eT[tEtmg.
n zvikard ehIyJkkNal n cMNayenH TakTg nwg karp<tp<gkgT&B nig
min:nplGaTPaBeTA ovis&ysikSaZikareT eTaHbI vis&yenH CasrsrRTUg n
TwkR:k cMnYn 280 lan dular KW 60 lan CaGMeNay ehIy 120 lan Ca
eTs . rI karGbrM karhathVwkhVWnepSg> RtUvcayeBlevla eRcInNas . ebI
1998_1999 enaH vinieyaK mkBIbNaRbeTsGasIu cuHzyyagxaMgmhima eRJH
dUcCaenAkg vis&ysg<m. eRJHEt sRg<amdeNImGMNacKa edayman breTs
eT[t. manEtvinieyaKmkBI shrd Gaemrik bueNaH EdlekIneLIgdl eTA 4 dg
bgeBl d*ZM enHehIy EdlbNal oRbeTs kmCa sitenA kgPaBTnexSay
enAExkJaqaM
1999
RbeTs
kmCa
:nTTYlCMnYy
enAqaM 1999 . eyageTAtamkarviPaK rbs GkkeTs karEdlvinieyaKGasIu
58
57
Jk
289
eLIy. KWw karxat
eTskalenH maneRbIenAkg vcnanuRkmExr rbs semc CYn Nat .
CaTUeTA eKeRcIneRbI kal;eTs;
Taxe sur la valeur ajoute
58
dUecHvij .
290
CMBUk 12
bsK< nGPiRkmTMenIbkm
enARbeTskmCa
GkTTYlmtk(
Les hritiers
bJaEdleKecaTsYrza ehtudUcemc :nCa ExrmankarBi:keRcIn kgkasRmb
xn eTAnwg bribTGnrCati. eKGacniyay:nza cabtaMgBI JkkNal qaM 1960

mk karksagkmviZI sikSaZikarCati :nCYbnwg bsK<mYycMnYn EdlkalenaH
BMumanGkNacabGarmN GVIbunaneLIy ehIy EbrCa:nTTYlkarGbGrsaTreTA
vij dUcCakarkatpaccrnn karecHdwgskl edIm|IeRt{mlkN;yuvCn oksag

xneTAtam rbbneya :ymYyEdlGkCMnaneRkay :tbgTaMgRsugnUv lTPaBnaM
RbeTsCati eqaHeTArk bribTsm&yTMenIb pvKMnit . edIm|IkMuoeXIjsPaBkarEbb

enHc|aseBk eK bEgVrGarmN yuvCn oylza RbeTsCati RtUvkarEt beck
eTs visVkm nig muxviCaEdlminnaMeRKaHzak
dl GkkanGMNac neya:yEt
bueNaH. karBicarNa EpkTsSnviCa CaBiess TsSnviCaneya:y :nRtUvkat
Ca kg> rIPasa:raMg nigGgeKs:nRtUvbRgYm mkRtwm reb[brbbrsenARbcaMz
pgeT[t. GkEdl:nsikSaRtwmRtUv munkarEkTRmgenH :nkayeTACa GkRbqaMg

nwgrbbneya:y kal sm&yenaH swgEtTaMgGs. BYkeKCaRKUbeRg{n CasaRsa
car k*BitEmn buEn k*RtUvrdGMNacKabsg,tedaytGasUr rYmbJlTaMgsaRsa
carCati:raMg nig saRsacarbeRg{nGkSrsil|ExrpgEdr. munkar Kabsg,tenH

eKBMu:ndwg enAeLIyzaGkSrsil|Exr minRtwmEtCacMENkmYy d*sMxan n sm|ti
291
292
vb|Zm(mnusSCati bueNaHeT Etk*CaqaM nig Cakta n vicarJaN nigkarrIkceRmIn
dUcGkSrsil| nanaeT[t enAkgBiPBelakdUecHEdr . luH:ndwgkalNasaRsa

carGkSrsil|Exr EdlecHvb|Zm(:raMg nig GgeKsyagsatCMnajEdrenaH k*
RtYveK catTukzaCa GkRbqaMgEdr . eTaHbI GkdwknaM nig vrCnsMxan> rsenA
tamEbb:raMg Ganes[vePA :raMgGgeKs swgEtTaMgGsKakI k* eKeZVIGVI RKbEbb
GMBI rbb esdkic nana
n RbeTskmCa taMgBIqaM 1955 mk

Des divers rgimes conomiques
du Cambodge depuis 1955
yagedIm|IraMgs,at mino RbNIenH man bnmkT[t enARsukExrEdr . mUlehtu
manBIr KW ? 1 eRt[mlkN;yuvCn ocaMTTYlykrbb packar_2 minoGk
CMnan eRkay manGavuZbJa nig viCaRKbRKansRmab naMsg<m eqaHeTArkesrIPaB
pvKMnitCaBiess lTi RbCaZibety tamEbbbTbsimRbeTs . Gkneya:y

GPirkS nig GkEdlR:za kanGMNacpackar tamEbb RbeTssg<mniym man
TsSn;enHdUcKa ehIycUldKa Gnuvtneya:y GnkarniymenH Etmg . eKeRbI
JkCatiniym edIm|I lakbM:Mg eKaledAenH buEn eK k*dwgyagc|as Edrza Gk

RsLajCati BitR:kd CaGkEdl naMRbeTs eqaHeTArk karrIkceRmIn RKbvis&y
dUecHEdr. karBit eKcg:nRbeTskmCamYy EdlmanEtTaskrbueNaH ehIymin

cgRKbRKgGkecHdwgeLIy KWpyRsLH BIesckIbgR:za rbs RbCaBlrdExr
EdlsuxcitlkdIERscm,ar edIm|IokUn Gacbn karer[nsURt ehIy EzmTaMg man

emaTnPaB d*xaMgka kalebIkUn:neTAer[nenAbreTs. enAsm&y bul Bt GkTaMg
enH:nRtUv eKykeTAsmabecal swgputBUC rYmbJlTaMg CnkumynisExrEdl
KaMRTExrRkhmpgeT[t. kalenaH eKBMu:ndwgeT za RbeTskanlTikumynis enA

GasIu maneKal bMNgepSgeT[t eRkABIkarERbkaytMbnTaMgmUl oeTACakumy
nis . kardeNImKaRKbRKg GtItNcin:raMg :nEsgecjeLIgyagc|as enA

eBleRkay>mkeT[t.
karksag esdkic RbeTskmCa :nqgkat dMNakkarCaeRcIn TRmaM:n
mkdl rbbesdkicbcb|n EdlGnuvt RbB&nesdkicpSar
h) TaMgRsugEtmg. enAqaM 1942 ersIudg s)UebrI eyIr :raMg:nktsMKal
dUecHza; tYnaTIesdkic nRbeTskmCa KW mYyEpkZM p<tp<gpSarsayh,n (Sagon)

nig cWLWg ehIymYyEpkeT[t sRmabp<tp<g pSarNcinTaMgmUlEtmg. esdkic
viTU :raMg ermI RBUedam
(Rmy Prudhomme)
59
:nktsMKal enAkges[v
ePAmYy rbs elakdUecHza ? esdkic n RbeTs kmCa KWCaesdkicmYy Edl
manlkN;Caesdkic GaNaniKm . enAqaM 1955 semc neratm sIhnu Edl
:nbeg,Itclna neya:ymYy maneQaHza sg<mraRsniym :npleTAo
RbeTskmCa nUvrbbmYy EdlGkRsavRCav :raMgmak eQaH hVIlIB eRbehS60
(Philippe Preschez) n viCasansikSaneya:y TIRkug:rIs BiBN(nadUct
eTA ? KW Carbbesdkic mYyEbb Edl RbB&nmUlZnniym kCn reb[bburaN
RbkYtRbECg nwg mUlZnniymrd EdleKeTIb nwg:nbeg,It. RkumnImYy> eZIVskm
PaB rbseK tamEbbbT rbseKpal edayeRbIR:skmaMgplitkm Edlman
enA kgRbeTs . hVIlIB eRbehS ktsMKal bnmkeT[tza; GkmUlZnniym

59
Rmy Prudhomme, LEconomie du Cambodge, P.U. F. , Paris, 1969
60
Prechez Philippe, Essai sur la dmocratie au Cambodge, Paris, C.E.R.I.
Srie C, Recherche n 4, 1961.

293
(Economie de marc-
294
enARsukExr BitCa manEmn buEn enAkgRbeTsmYy Edl sSahkm kMBugkekIt
palpgeT[t. KWenAkgbribTenHehIy EdlRbeTskmCa RtUvksagrbb esdkic
neya:y nigesdkicxseBk eTAoGkmUlZnniym TaMgenaHeLIy . ebIniyay
RbB&nesdkic esrIniym RbeTskmCa RtUvRbQmmux nwgbJaZM> CaeRcIn Ca
CamasshRKas bueNaH . buEn BYkeKman tYnaTIsMxan enAkgdMeNIrkaresd
yutiZm( . buEnGVIEdlKYroktsMKal KW karCYb nwg bsK< rabminGs Cabfm
eLIg ehIyEdl 80 % n RbCaCn Rbkbmuxrbr Ca ksikr eK k*minRtUvpltm
ocMeTA GkmUlZn niymTaMgenaH eRcInEt CaGkcgkarR:k GkrksIu bnicbnc
kic . sUmktsMKalza cMeJHGVIEdl hVIlIB eRbehS ehAza GkmUlZnniym

rd
(capitalistes dEtat) eKmantYnaTImYyd*sMxanbMput enAkgCIvit esdkic n
RbeTskmCa . enA kgrbb saZarNrd Exr BIqaM 1970 dlqaM 1975 maRta
14 n rdZmnuJqaM 1972 EcgdUecHza ; rdTTYls<al nig Zana dlkmsiTi

kCn. rdelIkTwkcitoRbCaBlrd Qano:ndlkmsiTi. karbHJl dl
kmsiTi
RtUvhamXat
elIkElgEtenAkgkrNIRtUvbeRmIesckIRtUvkarRbeyaCn
saZarN; . BIqaM 1975 dlqaM 1993 KW Gsry;eBl 18 qaM RbeTskmCa
rsenAkgrbb kumynis EdlkmsiTikCn BMuman karZanaGVITaMgGs KWW RtUvvay

rMlMecal TaMgRsug Etmg edIm|Iksag rbb smUhPaBniym
(collectivisme,
communisme) .
enAkgrdZmnuJ qaM 1993 maRta 56 Ecgza ; RBHraCaNa cRk kmCa
Gnuvt RbB&nesdkicTIpSar. karer[bcM nig karRbRBwtieTA n RbB&nesdkicenH

niwg mankMNtkgc|ab. karer[brabTaMgLay xagelIenH soeXIjza RbCaCn
Exr :nrsenAkg rbb smUhPaBniym Gsry;eBl 18 qaM . enAkgrbb
munqaM 1975 eK k*BMueXIjman karGbrM nig kareRt{mlkN; o:nRKbRKan

smRsb sRmab Rbkanriyabz esrIniym
(comportement libral) o:n
rwgbwugGVIEdr. mYyvijeT[t eRJHEtsRg<am nig eRJHEtrbb smUhPaBniym eK

minRtwmEt:tbg nUv kmsiTikCn rbseK GsrlIgbueNaHeT KW EzmTaMg :t
bg nUvCMhr ksagxneK CaGkTTYlxusRtUv n eCaKvasnarbs xneKmak>

295
pSar esrIniym cabtaMgBIqaM 1993 mk. enAkgkarGPivDnRbeTs eTAtam
Biess karksagc|ab ksagRbB&nnItikm o:nsmRsb CaBiess RbB&n
karelIkkRmitCIvPaB RbCaCn nig karGnuvtnc|ab CaZrman . enAeBleRkay
sRg<am RbCaCnKanGVI sRmabkarJrxn nigkmsiTi RtwmRtUv rbseK eT eRJH

kareKarBc|ab mankarCabJkB&n yagsKsaj nwg sanPaBneya:y d*BuH
keRJal niglkN;sg<m-vb|Zm(mYyEdlmanmk taMgBI buraN kalmk eJl
KW karEbgEck min:nc|as rvagRbeyaCn RKYsar bkSBYk nwg RbeyaCn rbs

RbeTsCati .
bsK<epSg> n karGPivDn
cabtaMg BIqaM 1992
Les divers obstacles rencontrs

dans le processus de dveloppement
partir de 1992
karGPivDn RbeTskmCa cabBI eBlEdlRbeTsenH cabepImRbkanyk
rbbesdkicpSar esrIniym enARkayeBl GnraKmn rbs Gg<kar shRbCa
Cati :nCYbnwg bsK<CaeRcIn . bsK< ZMCag eK KWW GsirPaB neya:y RBm

TaMgkarRbyuT rvagbkSBYkrvagRkumGkeq{tOkasnana edIm|IcRmajykRbeyaCn
palxn eJlKW rUbPaBmYy n GMeBI BukrlYy . buEnTnwmenaH eKk*eXIjman

296
karRyuTdeNIm TiBlKa enAkgRkbxN PUmisaRs_neya:y kgvis&yksag
eKehAza mnusSqat ecHbtEbntamsankarN ecHekgRbv&JecHPUtkuhk e:k
esdkic eLIgvijEdr . RbeTskmCa ksagxn eLIgvij eday Epk eTAelICMnYy
R:s ecHt|kGEglk|alGkZM GktUc ecHsUkTijyksJbRt bnM ykxus Ca
ZnaKar BiPBelakCaedIm RBmTaMgkareZIVvinieyaKTun rbs bNaRbeTs enAGasIu
EtgEt :nRtUveKekatEs\g eKarBrabGan karJr ehIy GkEdlTamTarsiTi Rtwm
rbs Gg<kar hirJvtGnrCati ZM> dUcCa Gg<kar mUulniZi rUbiyvt GnrCati nig
EdlmuneBlman vibti hirJvt manTaMgGs 80 % n vinieyaKbreTs . c|ab
sRmabeZIVvinieyaKman RKbRKan TaMgGs buEn TisedA n karGPivDn BMuman
RtUv lCaGaRkk. enAkgvis&y neya:y k* dUcKaGIucwgEdr . GkxaMgRbePTenH

RtUv rbsxn :nRtUveKcatTukza CaxaMg CabcamitTaMgGs .
sMnYrEdleKecaTsYr KWza etIehtudUcemc :nCasg<mExr enA eBlenaH
lkN;c|aslaseLIy . edayeRJHEt mankarRbyuTKa rvag KNbkSneya
:neRCIserIsyk reb[brsenAEbbenH / tamkarBiteTA minEmnEt eBlenaHeT
enAkgRbeTs nig karksagZnZanbJa sRmabkarGPivDn Edlman CaGaT?
eKarBmRnI
:y bnmkeT[t karkMNtzvika BMumantulPaBleLIy rvag karrkSasnisux

karbeg,IncMeNHviCa
nig
smtPaBviCaCIv;
rbsRbCaCnExr
CaBiessyuvCn.
mageT[t karpSaPabRkwtRkm n karGPivDn eTAnwg TMen[mTmab reb[brbbrs
enA CaRbBNIrbsExr k* CYbnwg bdivaTkm eRcInNasDer . KMnitRKYsarniym
KitbgbnRkumRKYsar ZMCag RbeyaCnsg<m:neZIVobHJl yagZnZr dlGPi
Rkm nkarrIk cMerIn tamRkwtRkmstanum&t eJlKWGPiRkm RbCaZibtbniy

km
61
nigsNabZabsg<m. enAkgvis&y karGbrMEpksIlZm( eK:nyk kar
niymbuNski R:kkaseZIVCaZM ehIy RbmazyagxaMg dlGkeZIV skmPaBEpk
bJa nigGkEdlEpkvasna rbseKeTAelIKtic|ab nigeTAelIKtibNit. karpl
niymn&y eTAoJk bJa k*manlkN;BukrlYyEdr KweKotmeTAelI GVIEdl
61
cMeJHJk :raMgdmocratisation
vcnanuRkmrbs
Rondineau ERbCaExrza RbCaZibetykm .

RbCaZibtbniykm dUecHvij .
elak
Edl sg<mExr niymmnusS EdlmanlkN;EbbenH . taMgBIedImmk eKEtgEt

namWun
GkmanGMNac
CagGkecHdwg
GkmanviCaeRCARCH
enAqaM
1950_1960 rhUtdl qaM 1975 bJCn GkbeckeTs mantYnaTI d*sMxan .

saRsacar manR:kExhYsBIR:kEx GPi:lExRt eTAeT[t ehIyRtUveK catTuk
za CamRnI CanxsEdr. karecHdwg:nRtUveKelIktem,IgenARKbmCdan . enAeRkam

rbb bul Bt RKUbeRg{n GkecHdwg CasRtUv rbsrdGMNac . enA kgrbbbnab
EdlCarbbkumynisdUcKa
RbeTsTaMgmUl:nZakeTAkgGaNaniKmyYn
Edl
ykbJvnExr eTAoer[nsURttamRkwtRkm rbsRbeTseK . BYkrdGMNac :n
ykGkTaMgenaH EdlenAslBI karkabsmabeRkamrbb bul Bt eTAoksag

RbeTseLIgvij k*BitEmn buEn edaysitenAeRkam karKabsg,t rbs GkdwknaM
KNbkSkumynisdEdl KW dUcenARbeTskumynis nanaeT[tEdr. enAkgrbb

eRkayqaM
1993
GkecHdwg
GkmantmKti
RtUvrNb
nwg
mnusSxaMg
nig
GkmanR:kkaseRcIn eTIbGacrs:n. edaybJaKtibNit n sg<mTaMgmUl
Rogatien
buEn elak sm zaMg ERb za
:nRtUveKRbmaz dUecH GkEdlmanbkSBYk :neLIgeTA kancMNuc CayuTsaRs
nesdkic nigGMNacTaMgmUl rbsRbeTs CaehtueZIVo GMeBI BukrlYy kay

eTACaRkwtRkm n karrIkcMerIneTAvij. rIlTpl KWdUcJk eKza eXaklic
GMEbgGENt dUecH Edr. seRmcsRmYc eTARbCaCnRkIRk kanEtRkIRkEzmeT[t rI

297
298
GkecH dwg kanEtZakeRCAeTA> eTAkgPaBtRbeyaCn k*kayeTACa Taskr
ebIeKBinit emIlkRmitCIvPaB GkmanCageKbMput vij KW :nekIneTA dl 18 % .
n BiPBelak k*Ca klN;Biess rbs sg<m_neya:yExr
eXIjCabfm KW kgcMeNamPUmi TaMgGscMnYn 1 3. 406 cMnYn salaer[n bfm
TasaTasI dacz rbsGkmanR:kkasEtmg . etIenH Ca :tuPUt sm&yTMenIb
(exception
ehtudUcemc:nCaGkRk egIbecjBMurYc BIPaBRkIRkesaHdUecH / GVI EdleKseg,t
cambodgienne) eRkayrbb bul Bt /
sikSa manmindlJkkNal n cMnYnPUmiTaMgGs enaHpg . ebIeKBinitemIl
sanPaB sg<m_esdkic
cMeNameragcRk Edlmanc|abRtwm RtUvTaMgGscMnYn 250 enAkgry;eBlenaH KW
sanPaBkargarvij KW XatqayeRcInNas BIniyamEdlc|ab:nkMNt. enAkg
manEtCag 178 erag cRk bueNaH Edlman dMeNIrkarRbRktI . eKseg,teXIj
7 qaMeRkay GnraKmn rbs
mageT[tza 30 % n kUta naMplitpl vaynP&N cUleTA shrdGaemrik :n
RtUvRbeTsCitxagdeNImykGs eTaHbIsuTEtmanpakR:bza plitenAkmCa kI
Gg<kar shRbCaCati
(made in Cambodia) . enAkgvis&yyutiZm( eKk*BMueXIj man lkN;lRbesIr
Situation conomique et sociale

7 ans aprs lintervention de lO.N.U.
dUcKaGIucwgEdr . c|ab:nRtUvnamWun nig kgeya Za rMelaPCaer]y> CaBiess

kardeNImyk dIZI rbs RbCaksikr CaehtueZIVoman JkeKniyay enAeBl
R:MBIeqaMeRkayGnraKmn rbs Gg<karshRbCaCati RbeTskmCa :nRtUv
enaHza ; kalBImun eyIgP&yxac BYkbreTs lYcTwkdI rbseyIg . bcb|nenH
ZnaKar BiPBelak catTukza CaRbeTsmYy kgcMeNamRbeTs TaMg 29 Edl
eyIgxac rdGMNac rbs eyIgEtmg .
RbCaCnmak>sitenAkgkRmit 280 dularbueNaH . BIqaM 1993 dlqaM 1997
eLIgyageBjTMhwg KanGVIGacTbTl:neLIy . karGeg,t krNI Rkidkmnana
39 % mk 36 % . enATIRkugPMeBj GkRkIRk tamcMNatzakenH mancMnYn 11 %
EdlenAz 6 kk,da qaM 1999 enaH sil|karI d*l|ImakeQaH Bisid Jlika :n
mancMnYnrhUtdleTA 40 % . eTaHCayagenHkI k*karlUt las esdkic n
k* ekIn eLIgyagxaMgEdr . enAqaM 1999 enaH Gg<kar yUnIeshV
BI karlUtlasenH KW eRcInEt Ca GVI EdleKehAza Gkman bueNaH eRJH
mWun (70 000) nak enAkgRbeTsTaMgmUl ehIy enAkgraCZanIExr RsIeBsaman
mancMnYn RbmaN 20 % enAEtBMuQaneTArk lkN;RbesIresaH.
eXIjmageT[tza 35 % man Gayu BI 15 eTA 18 qaM. rI mUlehtu KW
karGPivDn mankRmitTabCageKbMput kgBiPBelak . plTunRbcaMqaMmZm n
enAeBlEdlc|ab :nRtUveKrMelaPTaMgkeRmal GMeBIRkidkmk*Esgecj
cMnYnGkRkIRk EdlKan lTPaBrsenARtwmRtUv :ncuHzybnicmkvij KW :ncuHBI
kRmEvkmuxrkCnRkideXIjNas. KWenAkgbriyakas d*KYroRBWqwggxgenHehIy
buEn enAtamTIRbCMuCnExRtepSg>mancMnYn 30% ehIyenAtamCnbT suT saZ KW
RtUveKeZIVXat. enAeBlEdl GMeBI ecarkm ekIteLIgeRJgRJt GRta eBsacar
(U.N.I. C.E.F.)
RbeTsTaMgmUl :nQan BI 4 % eTA 5 % Edr . tamkarBit GkEdlTTYlpl
ktsMKalza cMnYnRsI EdlRbkbmuxrbr enH mancMnYnBI 6 muWn (60 000) eTA 7
ebIBinitemIlsiti n karlUtlasenH eKnwgeXIjza CIvPaBnGkRkIRkbMput Edl
cMnYn 1 mWun 5 Jn ( 15 000 ) nak . cMeJHbJaeBsacarenH eKseg,t
299
TnwmenaH
300
PaBRkIRkenHg . edayTal RckeBk Bukmay daccitlkkUnEtmg edIm|Iyk
:nxitxM rkJkedaHsa RKbEbbyag . RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu karJr
n CnBikar. CnBikar enAkgsg<mExr cabtaMg BIeBleRkaysRg<am mancMnYn
cabzak rbs shKmnGnrCati . rI elak h)un Esn Edl:nRtUv RbeTs
R:kciJwmCIvit. vibti sg<mmYyrT[t EdlsRg<am:nbnSlTuko KWcMnYnd*eRcIn

20 mWun 3 Jn ( 203 000) nak KW 2, 2 % n cMnYnRbCaCnTaMgGs . buEnCn
BikarTaMgenaH minEmn suTEtCaCn EdlTTYlrgeRKaH edaysRg<am bueNaH eT .
20 % bNalmkBIsRg<am nigkarCanRKabmIn enAtam valERs ehIy 1 PaK 3
plRbeyaCn rbs RbeTscin kumynis enAcMeJHmuxkarez,aleTas nig kar

ev[tNam bnboeLIgmk kanGMNacenARsukExr suxciteZIVsm&nPaB CamYyExr
Rkhmvij edIm|IraMgsH kMuoExrmk BIRbPBbsimRbeTs eLIgmkkanGMNac:n
bnabBIlTikumynis cuHRsut nigG&BrsI . karEdlKYr oktsMKal enAeBlenaH
bNalmkBICmW . kumarEdl:ncUler[n enAtamTIRkug mancMnYneRcIn KW 95 %
KW za man eBlxH GkdwknaM CaRbvtisaRs TaMgBIrenH TamTarokateTas BYk
Kmn n Gg<kar shRbCaCati manlkN;KYroktsMKal. enAeBlEdl Rkum
Gac nwg eZIVo mankar:kEbkrvagExr
buEn enAtamCnbT manEt 40 % bueNaH. TidPaBsg<mExr R:MBIrqaMeRkay Gnra
Gk neya:y RbyuTdeNImGMNacKa ehIyenAeBlEdlGkmanR:k vallan

dular kanEtmaneTA> GkRk GkKanbEgk :nZakeTAkg PaBGssgwmmYy
Rbkb eTAedayeRKaHzak .
emExrRkhm
ehIymaneBlxH
EbrCasMEdg
karRBYy:rmxackarkateTasenH
nwg ExreTAvij. karBit yYnminRtUvnwg cin
k*BitEmn buEnbnabBI shPaBsUev[t rlMrlayeTA TIRkughaNUy k*GsbEgk

ehIyKanCeRmIsGIVeT[teRkABI EbreTArk cinvijsin. neya:y rbs ev[tNam
enAeBlenaH KWRbmUlykExr Rkhm mkdak eRkamXab rbs KNbkS RbCa
Cn EdlesaHRtg nwgev[tNamvij edIm|I katpacTiBlcin enARsukExr . rI
semc neratm sIhnu Edl:nBwg kmaMgExrRkhm nigkgT&Bev[tkug ovay rMlM
GMBIbJkateTasBYk GtIt
rbbsaZarNrdExr rbstmesnIy ln nl nig sirimt; RBHGg<:nRtUv
emdwknaM ExrRkhm
ExrRkhm EdlCakUnGukBitR:kd rbs cin eLIgmkkanGMNacCMnYs enAeBl
EdlsaZarNrdExr rlM:teTA . GVIEdlEsgecjeLIg yagc|as KWw cin min
Le problme de jugement
des chefs khmers rouges
ylRsb nwgkarkateTasenaHeT rI ev[tNam eKTamTaroman karkateTasenH
cabtaMg BIcugqaM 1998 mkbJa EdlecaTeLIg cMeJHelaknaykrdmRnI
edIm|IkatbnyTiBl rbscin nig BYkExrRkhm. enAqaM 1979 enAeBl Edl
h)un Esn k* dUcCacMeJH rbbEdlkabGMNac taMgBIqaM 1993 mkEdr KW karkat
ev[tNam vayrMlM rbb bul Bt :nehIy BYkeK:nCMruj orbb ehg sMrwn
oykBYkGkTaMgenaHeTA otula karvinic&yeTas _eRJHeKcatTukzaGVI>EdlExr
esaHRtg nwg cin . buEneRkaymk enAqaM 1989 ev[tNam hakbIdUcCa RtUvbgM
mnusSCati TaMgmUlpgEdr _ elaknaykrdmRnIh)un Esn nig RBHmhakSRtExr
bunaneT eRJHeRkayqaM 1989 RbeTsev[tNamEdlsitenA eRkamkarKabsg,t
eTas GtItemdwknaMExrRkhm. enAeBlEdl shKmnGnrCati eZIVkarKabsg,t

Rkhm :neZIV kngmk eTAelI RbCaCnExr CakareZIVobHJl yagZnZr eTAelI
301
ebIktulakarmYy kateTasBYk GkdwknaMExrRkhm n rbbkmCa RbCaZibety
citdk XamYyry;sin BIer]genH. tamkarBit sPaBkarN enH minBi:kyl
302
rbs cin :nbrneya:yvij. rIsemc neratm sIhnu Edl:nRtUvExrRkhm
k*eKBMuGaceKcput BIcMNgbkSsm&n EdlBYkeK Ca cMENkmYy d*sMxan EdleKBMu
sg,t rbscinEdr . dUcenH eTaHbI elak h)un Esn kI semc neratm sIhnu kI
eRkay GnraKmn rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati elak h)un Esn nig
eZVI:bEdrenaH enAeBlEdl BYkenH kanGMNac RBHGg< k* sitenAeRkamkarKab
GacRbEkk:n .
cgkateTas ExrRkhm EdlesaHRtg nwg cin k*eday k* sPaBkarNenAeBl
semc neratm sIhnu :nTTYlParkicer[g>xnmYyeT[t KWWykQH eTAelIGk
sRmYlkarkateTasenH :neLIy . bJasMxan cMeJHGkTaMgBIrenH Edlecj
RbKleTAoGkcugeRkayenH Cadacxat. KWenAkgn&yenHehIy Edl enAkgeBl
enaH EdlcinkMBugman TiBlxaMg enAkgtMbn minGnuJat oGkdwknaMTaMgBIrenH

mk BIRbPBkumynis BIrxusKa KWW deNImGMNacKa bneTAeT[t eRkaykicRBm
RbCaZibety oTalEt:n. GMNac nig cg,t dwknaMRbeTskmCazI minGacRtUv
e:Heqatmg> karRbyuTKa manlkN;kacsahavrkGVIeRb{bpwmBMu:n. enAkgPUmi
eRB{gTIRkug:rIs buEntam viZI neya:yesdkic nig c|ab. buEn TnwmenaH eKk*
PaKGasIu enH lTiRbCaZibety tamEbbbTbsimRbeTs manTMnasmYy yagZM
TTYlrgeRKaHeRkamrbb bul Bt Edr. sIlZm( k*dUcCa yutiZm( man lkN;
EdlminRbKl eCaKvasna RbeTs eTAoRbCaCneLIy eTaHbI reb[brsenA Epk
RtYv:tbgnUvCMen] nigkarTukcit BIsMNak saZarNmti nig RbCaCnExrEdl:n

RcbUkRcbl BneBkRk eRJHkarEbgEckGMNacTaMgbI
(sparation des pouvoirs)
k*dUCa kare:Heqat manlkN;minc|aslas CaBiess vb|Zm( niTNPaB .
enAeRkamrUbPaB
rbbRbCaZibety
RbeTskmCa
CarbbpackarniymmYy
Edl kUnGuk rbscin nig kUnGuk rbsyYn deNImGMNacKa edayraMgs,atCanic

minoGkRbCaZibety cUlmk:n . eRkABIkarKabsg,t PUmisaRs_neya:y
eKseg,teXIj mageT[tza GtItkal nig reb[bBicarNa rbs GkdwknaMTaMg
CamYy rcnasm&n sg<m_vb|Zm(EdlenAEtrNbCanicnwg rbbdwknaM mYyRbePT

smar; manlkN; sm&yTMenIb mincaj bsimRbeTskI . karsikSa GMBI Rbvti
saRs nRbeTs TaMgLayenaH _ rYmbJlTaMg RbeTscinpgEdr - :nqHo

eXIjza lTiRbCaZibety nigkareKarBsTimnusS enAmankRmitTabNas ehIy
tamkarBiteTA k*minEmn CakgVl CaeKaledA n rbbneya:y n RbeTs TaMg
enaHeLIy. GkmanGMNac manR:kkas RtUvmaneKeKarBCanic ehIy cat Tukza

CaGkmanbuN:rmI BICatimuneT[tpg . RbeTskmCa Edlsit enAkgbribT
BIrenH :nvilRtLbmkvijdEdl. eKsuxcitrNbbneTAeT[t nwgRbeTs kumy
PUmisaRsenaH mankarBi:keRcIn kgkarGnuvtn eKalkarN RbCaZibety nig
Etmak> cgrkSaGMNac ebseKer[g>xn. TaMgenH suTEtCaktaEdlkMNt kar
:nRtUvGkdwknaM TaMgenaHykeTAeZIVGaCIvkmsRmabBRgwgGMNac rbseK nigrbs
nisTaMgBIr enAkgtMbn ehIy minRBm rkRckecjBI bribTenHTalEtesaH eRJH

raErk rbs Gkneya:yTaMgBIr enAkgbJakateTas emdwknaMExrRkhm. xag
bsimRbeTs eKylza ebIminkateTasExrRkhmeTenaH RbeTs nanaeT[t Gac
nwg yktRmabtam. cMeJHGVIEdlTakTg nwg GtItkal va k*CacMENkmYy n

karGlEGkenHEdr. eTaHbI GkdwknaMTaMgBIrenH sbexIm BYkExrRkhm yagNakI
303
eKalkarN siTimnusStamEbbbTbsimRbeTs . mYyvijeT[t sartI Catiniym

bkSBYk RKYsar rbs eKEzmeT[t . KW enAkgn&yenHehIy EdlmanGkdwknaMxH
h)anrhUtdleTA niyayza BYkemdwknaMExrRkhm Ca CnRkid buEnmin EmnCaCn

k|tCatieT.
buEnGkEdlniyayEbbenH
min:nKitesaHeLIy
dlRbCaCnGk
TTYlrgeRKaHCit 2 lannak nig karZakcuH n GarZm( mYy rhUtdl kRmitsUn

eTAehIyenaH .
304
ev[tNamkumynis RBmTaMgkgT&BExrRkhm KWRkumGkkumynisCatiniym Edl
karbUksrubRBwtikarN
:nrMedaHxn ecjBI kumynisev[tNam ehIycUleTAkg bribT nbdivtn kumy
RbvtisaRs n RbeTskmCa
niscin. eTaHmanTMnasEbbenHkI k*enATIbMput kgT&BExrRkhm nigkgT&B ev[t

Nammynis :nvayrMlM rbb saZarNrdExr :nTaMgRsug . BYkExrRkhm
BIqaM 1863 dl qaM 2000
eLIgmkkanGMNac enAExemsaqaM 1975 buEn edaybg, vinaskm eRcIneBk rbb
Rappel succinct des vnements

de 1863 2000
RBwtikarN
RbvtisaRsExr
Edlx\M:nniyayer[brab
kmCaRbCaZibety rbsExrRkhm :nRtUvGtItsm&nmitrbseK _ KW RbeTs
CahUrEh
mkenH
latsnwgBI eBlGaNaBa:l:raMg mkTl nwg qaM 2000. enAkgry;eBl

CagmYystvtSkngmkenH RbeTskmCa :nqgkat sm&ykalCaeRcIn ? BIqaM
1863 dlqaM 1953 KW sm&y GaNaBa :l:raMg. enAkgsm&ykalenaH
karbHe:rRbqaMg nwg vtman:raMg manCahUrEhr rhUtdl :raMg suxcitpl

kraCoExrenAqaM 1953 tamkarTamTar d*TTUc rbsRBHmhakSRtExr neratm
sIhnu . BIqaM 1953 dlqaM 1970 RbeTskmCa sit enAkgsniPaB k* BitEmn

buEnkarRbTajRbTgKa rvag Gkneya:yGPirkSniym nigkumynis :nrujRcan
RbeTsbnicmg> eqaHeTArksRg<am rvagbkelakesrI nwgelakkumynis enAN
cin. semc neratm sIhnu RbkanExSbnat neya:y ereTArkRbeTskumynis
cin nigyYn EdleRkayeBl:raMgecj:teTA manmhicta cgedIrtY CMnYs:raMg

enANcin. buEn tmesnIy ln nl nig Gkg<massIusuvti sirimt; min
ylRsbnwg neya:yenH rbssemc neratm sIhnueT . enAz 18 minaqaM

1970 sPaTaMgBIr Edl:nEtgtaMg semc neratm sIhnu CaRbmuxrd :n
TmakRBHGg< BI GMNacvij edIm|IedjkgT&Bev[tkug nig ev[tNamxag eCIg ecj

BITwkdIExr. BI qaM 1970 dlqaM 1975 RbeTskmCa :nksagrbb saZarNrd
elIkTImYy enAkgRbvtisaRs n RbeTs kmCa buEn RtUvRbQmmux nwg kgT&B
305
ev[tNam _ cUlmkQanJnRsukExr vayrMlMecalenAz 7 mkra qaM 1979

ehIy dakBYkExr RkhmEdl:nbHe:rRbqaMg nwg bul Bt oeLIgkanGMNac
vij. sRg<am rvagbgbnkumynisTaMgBIr bnrhUtdleBlEdl shPaB sUev[t
rlMrlay :teTA . eRkamkarKabsg,t BIsMNak shKmn GnrCati CaBiess
BIsMNakRbeTs cin nig bsimRbeTs ev[tNam RtUvbgMcitdkkgT&BecjGs
BIRsukExr. enAExkk,daqaM 1989 snisITGnrCati TIRkug:rIs :nseRmc bJb
sRg<amenAkmCa eJlKW sRg<am rvag bgbn kumynis TaMgBIr Edl:neZIVo
RbeTsZM>CaeRcIn CabJkB&nCamYypgEdr. enAz 23 tulaqaM 1991 kicRBm

eRB[gmYy rvag ExrTaMg 4Rkum :nkMNtbJb GZikrN
enAkmCa. enAqaM
1992 Gg<kar shRbCaCati eZIVGnraKmnbJbsRg<amenARsukExr ehIy ebIko
mankare:HeqatesrI . buEnsaCazImgeT[t RbeTskmCa ZakeTAkgkarRbTaj

RbTg rvagcin nwg ev[tNamdEdl eRJH Gkneya:yExr Edl:nbg,vinaskm
edayrujRcanRbeTs kmCa oZakeTAkg kNabd kumynis :nvilmkvij
dEdl enAkgrbbzI . dUecHeXIjza RbeTskmCa mansRg<am rhUt BI qaM 1970

mkdlqaM
1992
KWW
enAeBlEdlGg<kar
shRbCaCati
cuHmkeZIVGnaKmn
Gsnisux EdlExrRkhm:nbg, enAeBlGnraKmn rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati
Ca sRg<amtUcmYy EdlKanbreTsenABIeRkay ehIydUcenH Gg<karExrRkhm RtUv

:kEbk rlMrlayxngEtmg kgry;kalmYy d*xI .
306
RbeTskmCa mun eBlvtman rbs:raMg
:yGBaRkwtPaBExr:nRtUv KMramkMEhg edayRbeTs cin nig RbeTsev[tNam
EdlenAeBlenaH xitxMBRgIkBRgwglTikumynisenAkgtMbnyagmmajwk. RbeTs
muneBl Edl:raMgmktaMgTI enARbeTskmCa RbeTsenHsitenA kgkar

RbTajRbTg rvag cRkPBGaNam62 nig RbeTses[mEdleRkayqaM 1938 :n
breQaHCaRbeTsz . enAqaM 1853 edayxac cRkPBGaNam nig Rsukes[m
ykRsukExreTAEckKa mYycMeh[gmak RBH:T Gg< DYg :nsMuo:raMg mkCYyeZIV
GnraKm. buEn TalEt 10 qaM eRkaymkeTIb:raMg :nseRmcmkCYyExr tam

ry;snisJa GaNaBa:l:raMg cuHhtelxaenA z 11 sIhaqaM 1863 .
vtmanrbs:raMg :nnaMomankarRbqaMgyagxaMg BIsMNakGkts)UExr Gsry;

eBl 90 qaM KWW ry;eBlEdl:raMg RtYtRtaRsukExr. enAkgry;eBlenaH :raMg
:npacRbeTskmCaBI GMNacTiBl rbses[m buEn munnwgcakecjBI Ncin
BMu:n
KitKUrRbKlTwkdIExr
stvtS TI
EdlRbeTsev[tNam
17 mkoExrvijeLIy.
eTaHbIman
:nkatpacykeTA
taMgBI
karts)UyagxaMgka BIsMNak
clnaedj:raMg ecjBIRsukkI _ KW taMgBI Gacar sYr ( GacarsVa) eJZikMe:r,

sIuvta, rhUtdl sWg guk zan, sWg guk mij, Gacar Ehm ec[v CaedIm _
k*:raMg :nCYyRbeTskmCa okayeTACa RbeTssm&yTMenIbmYyEdr .
enAqaM
1953 bnabBI mankarts)U TamTarkraC BIsMNak clnaExrepSg> CaBiess

BIsMNakRBHmhakSRtExr RBH:T neratm sIhnu :raMg k*suxcit RbKlkraC
oExr buEn edaymankarTIsTalRkElg edayehtuza putBI:raMgeTA RsukExr
nwg kayeTACacMNI rbsbNaRbeTskumynis enAkgtMbn eJl KW ev[tNam

nig RbeTscin CaBMuxan. karRbemIemIlTukCamunenH rbs bsimRbeTs (KW :raMg
nig shrd Gaemrik) BMuxus bnicNaeLIy eRJHcabtaMgBIqaM 1960 mk neya
62
bcb|nenH GaNam KW CatMbnPaKkNal n RbeTsev[tNam .

307
ev[tNam xageCIg tamry; clna ev[tmij :nbeg,It clna kumynisExrmYy

enARsukExr. rI semc neratm sIhnu k*KaMRTclnaenHEdr eday ebIkdo
kgT&B ev[tkug taMgTIenAelITwkdIExr tamkaresIsMu BIRbeTscin EdlkalenaH
manEpnkar vayshrd Gaemrik oecjGs BINcin edIm|Ikabyk PUmiPaKenH

TaMgmUlEtmg. kaledImeLIy semc neratm sIhnu Rbmuxrd n RbeTskmCa
RKanEtRbqaMg
nwg
shrd
GaemrikbueNaH
eRJHGaemrik
:nelIkT&B
mkeZIV
sRg<am RbqaMg nwg lTikumynis enAelITwkdI RbeTsev[tNam . buEneRkaymk

RBHGg< k*Zak bnicmg> eTAkgkNabd cin erIbRmHxnElgrYc .
enAqaM 1959 cin
nig shPaBsUev[tEdlCaRbeTskmynisdUcKa
TasETgKa yagxaMg. eRkayTMnasenaH clnakmynis enARsukExr k*Ebkecj

CaBIr Rkumbdibk Der . RkummYy btmeday clna ev[tmij_RbeTsev[tNam
xageCIg_ manshPaB sUev[tKaMRT . hU CImij xaccinykTwkdI k* EbreTArk
bdivtn sUev[tvij . kaledImeLIy bul Bt k*sitenAkg clna enHEdr buEn
cabBIqaM 1966 :n seRmcykcin CabEgkvij ehIy beg,It bkSkumynis
kmCa. enAEx emsaqaM 1975 Rkum bul Bt Edlsemc neratm sIhnu o
eQaHza ExrRkhm :nvayrMlMrbb saZarNrdExr dwknaMedaytmesnIy
ln nl nig sirimt; ehIyEdlman shrd GaemrikCaGkKaMRT. karvayrMlM

rbb ln nl enH :nRtUvsemc neratm sIhnu cUlrYm pgEdr eRJH RBHGg<
sanza ebIrbb ln nl rlM RBHGg< nwg :nvilRtLb mkkanGMNacvij. buEn
karBit KW bul Bt eT EdlCakUnGuk rbscin BitR:kd. GMNacTaMgGs Zak
eTAkgdExrRkhm enAz 17 emsaqaM 1975 rIRBHGg< :nRtwmman tYnaTI Ca

RbmuxrdKanGMNac bueNaH mun nwg kayxneTACaGkeTas rbs BYkenH bnab
308
BIRBHGg< sMulaElgBImuxtMENg . bul Bt :nykRBHGg< nig RkumRKYsar eTA
RbwkSaCatiCanxs
rUbenHEdr eRJHenAeBlenaH RbeTscinEdl:nTTYl C&yCMnHTaMgRsug enAkmCa
semc neratm sIhnu yagmk RbeTskmCavij bnabBI:nnireTsxn Gsry;
XMuTuk kgRBHraCvaMg. cin k*BMuxIrvl nwg vasna EbbenH

BMuRtUvkar RBHGg< eT[teLIy .
rbs GtItRmmuxrd Exr
buEn GVIEdlcin min:neRKagTukCamun KW karEdl
RbeTsev[tNam nig shPaB sUev[t eq{tyk OkasEdlExrRkhm smab

RbCaCngedayrg<al
ehIyEbk:kpkg
edIm|IvayykRbeTskmCaEtmg.
TMnas rvag bgbn kumynis TaMgBIrenH EdleKehAza

CayUrmkehIy
buEn
TalEtqaM
1978_1979
frres ennemis man
eTIbev[tNam
(Conseil national suprieur) eJlKWGg<kar EdltMNag
GZibety nRbeTskmCa enAkgry;kalqgkat. enAz 14 vicika qaM 1991
eBlCag 20 qaM. bnabBIman karExVgKMnitKaGsry;eBl 2 qaM enAkgkarEck

GMNacKa rvag KUPaKI ExrTaMg 4 Rkum CaBiess rvagRkumGkts)U rMedaHRbeTs
kmCa ecjBI karQanJn rbs kgT&B ev[tNam nig RkumGkdwknaMRbeTs
eRkayeBlEdlkgT&Bev[tNam cUlmkvayrMlMrbb bul Bt Gg<kar
GaRbUnuc
vayrMlMrbbExr
k*er[bcMkare:Heqat enAqaM 1992. ExrRkhm EdlRtUvKUPaKIExr 3 eT[t edaHd
ev[tNam RtYtRtaRsukExrTaMgmUlGsry;eBl 10 qaM RbeTsEdlCasRtUv nwg
1993 kare:Heqat k*:nRbRBwteTA tamkareRKagTukbuEn k*minRsbTaMgRsug eTA
Rkhm:n ehIydakExrRkhm mYyRkumrT[t omkCMnYs. enAeBlEdl RbeTs
shPaB sUev[t man CaGaT RbeTsmYy cMnYn nsmaKm GasIuGaeKy RBmTaMg

RbeTscin
nig shrd
GaemrikpgEdr :nnaMKaCYyclnarMedaHExr
yageBj
TMhwg KW clnats)UExr 3 Rkum EdlenAkgenaH man BYkExrRkhmpgEdr. rIRkum
ecj :nGukLk kare:Heqat edaytekatERkg. buEn enATIbMputenAExsPa qaM
tameKalkarN nkicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIsqaM 1991 bunanEdr . RbCaCnExr
cMnYn 89, 56 % :ncUlrYme:Heqat . kgcMeNamKNbkS cMnYn 20 Edl

QreQaHe:Heqat eKeXIjmanEt KNbkS 3 bueNaH EdlelceZaCageK KW
2 eT[t KWRkum raCaniym nig RkumGkRbCaZibety. enATIbMput bnabBI shPaB
KNbkS RbCaCn EdlCaGtItKNbkSkumynisExr KaMRTedayev[tNam KN
sITGnrCatiTIRkug:rIs qaM 1989 nig kicRBmeRB{gsniPaB qaM 1991 :nbJb
bkS RbCaZibetyesrI BuTsasna rbs elak sWn san. KNbkSraCa
sUev[t rlMrlayeTA ev[tNam KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIdkT&BzyeLIy. sni

GZikrNExr edayman GnraKmn BI Gg<kar shRbCaCati enAqaM 1992 .
eqaHeTArkkarbJbsRg<am
niym hVnsIunebc :nTTYllTplQHeK KW :n 45, 47 % rI KNbkS

RbCaCn Edlman elak h)un Esn CaebkCn :nTTYl 38, 22 % .
elak h)un Esn nKNbkS RbCaCn BMu RBmTTYls<alC&yCMnH rbs KNbkS
(A.P.R.O.
N.U.C.) sRmaber[bcM kare:Heqat tamEbbbT RbCaZibetyeBjlkN;.
raCaniymeT. enAeBlenaH RbeTskmCa eh[bEt nwg RtUvEbgEckCa 2 tMbn
edayRBHGg<mas neratm cRkBgS nig elak sin sug n KNbkS RbCaCn
er[bcM eZVIGbKmn . edayP&BsMNagl clnaenH KanGkNaKaMRTeLIy .
Gg<kar GaRbUnuc RtUveZIVshkar CamYyGg<karmYyeT[t EdlmaneQaH za Rkum

309
KN
bkS elak sWn san :nRtwm 3, 81 % bueNaH . bnabBIkarRbkaslTpl
enAqaM 1990 RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati :nseRmceZIV
GnraKmn enAkmCa edaybeg,ItGg<karBiessmYy KWGg<karGaRbUnuc
bkSraCaniym h)VnsIunebc dwknaMedayRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti nig KN
310
edIm|IedaHRsayTMnasenH eKk* naMKabeg,It rdaPi:lcRmuHmYy EdlRBH
bribT GnrCati nig PUmisaRs_neya:y
Gg<mas neratm rN#Ti GkdwknaM KNbkSraCaniym hV)nsIunebc nig elak
h)un Esn n KNbkS RbCaCn eLIg kanGMNac Ca naykrdmRnI TaMgBIrnak

kgeBlCamYyKa Etmg. cabBIeBlenaHmk kardeNImGMNacKaecH Etmanbn
mkeT[t dUckalBI eBlmun eTaHbIeRkamrUPaB nkare:HeqattamEbbbT RbCaZib

etykI.
tamkarBit
kareZIVreb[benH
xusTaMgRsugBIeKalkarN
kicRBm
eRB{gsniPaB TIRkug:rIs qaM 1991 EdlkMNtyk kare:HeqatCaZM ehIyTat

ecalTaMgRsugralkarcrcarvag KUbdibk
KW mann&yza GkQHeqat RtUvEtQH
GkcajRtUvEtcaj eRJHCaqn; rbs RbCaCn Camaseqat. eTaHCayagenHkI
edayRbeTs mhaGMNac EdlCabJk B&nkger]gExr eKRbjabdkxnecj BI
GZikrNExr o:nqabrh&sbMput eK k*naMKabiTEPksux citTTYlyk sanPaB

enHEtmgeTA. karcrca Ka rvagKUPaKITaMgBIr ecHEtmanCahUrEh bneTAeT[t ehIy
eBle:H eqatmg> GMeBIhwgSa nig karKMramkMEhg BIsMNakKNbkS RbCaCn
ekItman tQbQr . eKseg,teXIjza taMgBIqaM 1993 mkkarGnuvtn lTi
RbCaZiibetyenARsukExr :nTTYl braC&yTaMgRsug . rI TMnas PUumisaRs_

neya:y BIeBlmun k*BMumankarERbYlGVI Ca mUldanEdr. elaknaykrdmRnI h)un
Gsry;eBlCag 40 qaMkngmk KWtaMgBIqaM 1965 mk Tl nwg qaM200563

RbeTskmCa :nZakeTAkg GsirPaB neya:y mYy rkRckecjswgBMurYc. rI
mUlehtu KW minEmn mkEtBIkardeNIm GMNacpkg bueNaHeT. bribTGnrCati
CaBiesskarRbECgkmaMgKa rvagRbeTsZM> enAkgtMbn edaymanbEgkBIRbeTs

mhaGMNac pgEdr
k*CaktamYy d*cm|gEdleKBMuGacRbEkk:neLIy. BIqaM
1960 mkTl nwg qaM 1975 RbeTskmCa sitenAkgkarRbECgkmaMg rvag

elaksrI nwg elakkumynis ehIy BIqaM 1975 mkdl qaM 1991 RsukExr
:nTTYlrgeRKaH edayGZikrN rvagRbeTs kumynisZM> 2 EdldeNImKa
kabNcin eJlKW rvag RbeTscin nwg RbeTsev[tNam Edlman shPaB

sUev[t CaGkCYyKaMRTyageBjTMhwg. dUceyIg:ndwgrYc mkehIyenAqaM 1978_
79 eq{teBlEdl rbb bul Bt _Edlman cinKaMRT _ cuHTnexSay RbeTsev[t

Nam Edl:nTTYl CMnYy eyaZa
64
BI shPaB sUev[t :nvayyk RbeTs
Esn EdlkalBI TsvtS 1980_90 mankarKaMRTyagmaM BI RbeTsev[tNam
maneRb{bEpk rcnasm&nCag RkumGkts)UrMedaHRbeTs kmCa ecj BIGaNaniKm

ev[tNam. semc neratm sIhnu EdlmankarKaMRTBIcin :nTTYlRtwm tYnaTI
kitiysbueNaH KW rhUtdl RBHGg<GssgwmxaMg k* seRmc dakraCEtmgenAqaM
2004. rIRBHGg<mas rN#Tivij edaydeNIm ykGMNacBI elak h)un Esn
min:n k*sBVRBHT&y eZVIshkarCitsiT CamYyelak h)un Esn EtmgeTA . eTaH

Ca yagNakI BYkGkRbCaZib etyExr eTaHenATINak*eday k*enAEtxitxMts)Ubn
eTAeT[tEdr eTaHman KankarKaMRT BI bsimRbeTskI .
311
63
eBlEdlx\M sresr es[vePARbvtisaRsenH .
64
enAz 3 vicika qaM 1978 RbeTsev[tNam nig shPaB sUev[t :ncuHht
elxaeTAelI snisJa mitPaB nig shRbtibtikar . R:MExmunsnisJaenH KW
enAz 28 mizuna qaMdEdlRbeTsev[tNam cUl eTAkgGg<kar CMnYyesdkic

eTAvijeTAmk n bNaRbeTssg<mniym EdlrNb nwg shPaB sUev[t. sUm
Gan bEnm es[vePA
Le Cambodge dans la tourmente Le troisime conflit
indochinois rbs Nicolas Regaud, LHarmattan, Paris, 1992, p. 157 .

312
kmCaEtmg . karQanJn enH rbsRbeTsev[tNam :nRtUvmtixHbkRsayza
Exr
eT[tkt sMKalza CakarQanJn edayminGacRbEkk:n eRJHKanGnraKmn BI
RtUvrUvKavij edIm|IraMgs,at kMuobsimRbeTslUkdcUl kglanRbECgkmaMg rbs
CakarvayrMlM rbbExrRkhm EdlRbCaCnExr sbexImCaGtibrma. buEn mtixH

Gg<kar shRbCaCati. mageT[t KW CaTMnas rvag bgbnkumy nisTaMgBIr . z
7 mkraqaM 1979 CaC&yCMnHrbs shPaB sUev[t nig ev[tNam eTAelI cin
EdlBYkeKZabKaMRT
nigdwknaM
kalBIeBlmunkicRBmeRB{gsniPaBTIRkug
:rIs qaM 1991 . enAeBlenaH RbeTs ev[tNam nig RbeTscin RtUvbgMcit

BYkeK .
eTaHCayagenHkI
k*TMnas rvag RbeTsev[tNam nwg RbeTs cinenAEt
manbnmkeT[t eRJHTIRkughaNUy minRBmdak NcinositenA eRkamTiBl
nigExrRkhmEdl CasRtUvrYm rbsBYkeK. eTaHCayagNakI edayeRJHEtkar
rbs cineLIy .
:y enAkgtMbnman karreg<aHreg<Ir yagxaMg CaehtueZIVoRbeTsxHn smaKm
nig enAeRkamrUbPaB n kare:Heqat tamEbbbT RbCaZibetyKUPaKIExr Edlman
PaKTaMgmUl. cabtaMgBIz 7 mkraqaM 1979 enaHmk kmaMgRbyuTrMedaH RbeTs
deNImGMNacKayagsVitsVaj. eKseg,teXIjza GkEdlZab:nRtUvev[tNam
vayRbhar rbs ev[tNam eTAelI RbeTskmCaenH rcnasm&n PUmisaRs_neya

RbCaCati GasIuGaeKyehA Gas)an P&yxac shPaB sUev[t vatTI mkkgPUmi
enAkgRkbxN n karRbyuTdeNImTiBlKa rvag cin nig ev[tNam
cinKaMRT nigRkumGkEdl kalBImun :nRtUv ev[tNambnb okanGMNac RbyuT
kmCa BInwmGaNaniKmniym ev[tNam nig sUev[t k*:n kekIteLIg edayman
KaMRT BIeBlmun manCMhr rwgbuiwgCagGkEdl mancinKaMRT. semc neratm sIhnu
cin.
semc neratm sIhnu k*seRmcdakraC Etmg buEn :nRbKlraCeTA oRBHraC
karKaMRT BIsRtUv rbsshPaBsUev[t CaBiess shrd Gaemrik nig RbeTs

clna ts)UExr enaH rYmmankmaMg rbs ExrRkhm EdlxMRbEmRbmUlKa
eLIgvij eRkaykarvayRbhar rbs ev[tNam kmaMg rbs GkRbCaZibetyExr
niymbsimRbeTs kmaMg rbs clna raCaniym rbs semc neratm sIhnu
nig RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti RBHraCbuRt mYyGg< rbs semc neratm
sIhnu. enATIbMput enAeBl EdlshPaB sUev[t kMBugZakeTAkg GPiRkm n
karrlMrlayxn ev[tNam KanCeRmIsGIVeT[teRkA BIkardkkgT&B rbseK zy
eTAvijeT buEn munnwgdkkgT&BecjBIRbeTskmCa ev[tNamnigsUev[t :nBRgwg
mUldanrbseK yagmaM edIm|I rkSaTiBl rbseK enAkugRsukExr. enAqaM 1992

Gg<kar sh RbCaCati k*eZVIGnraKmn enAkmCa edIm| Ier[bcMomankare:Heqat
RtwmRtUvtameKalkarNlTiRbCaZibety ter[geTA. buEnkarGnuvtnBMu:nseRmc

CasaBreT eRJHRbeTs kumynisTaMgBIr BMu:nRbKl eCaKvasna rbs RbeTs
kmCa eTAoExr vijeLIy . eK:neZIVGVIRKbEbbyag edIm|IrkSaTuk Gkneya:y

313
Edlman cinKaMRT kabGMNac min:nTalEtesaH . enATIbMput KWenAqaM 2004

buRtmYyGg< KW RBHGg<mas neratm sIhmunI
65
eday mankarKaMRT BIcinpgEdr.
enAeBleRkaymkeT[t clnaraCaniym dwknaMedayRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti66
k*suxciteZIVshkar CitsiT CamYy GtItKNbkSkumynisExr Edl ev[tNam

:nbeg,ItEtmg. enAkgeBldEdlenaH clna GkRbCaZibetyExrenAEtxitx MeZIVI
karts)U bnmkeT[t eTaHbIman KankarKaMRT BI bsimRbeTskI . PaKeRcIn
nGkTaMgenaHsuxcitrsenA yaglM:klMbinenAeRkARbeTsCaBiess enARbeTs
65
RBHGg<mas neratm sIhmunI EdlCabuRt rbs semc neratm sIhnuCamYy
Gkmag mUnic RbsUtenAz 14 sPaqaM 1953 .

66
buRtrbs semc neratm sIhnu CamYyGkmag kJl. RBHGg<mas neratm
rN#Ti RbsUtenAz 2 mkra qaM 1944 .

314
:raMg nig shrd Gaemrik eRJH eKyleXIjza GkdwknaMExr eRkaykicRBm
eRB{gsniPaB TIRkug:rIsqaM 1991 enAEtsitenA kgrgVgTiBl nRbeTs ev[t
Nam nigRbeTscindEdl rIlTiRbCaZibety kMBugEtvivteqaHeTArk rbbpac
kareT[tpg. rImUlehtu n karts)Urbs BYkeK KWkarrMedaHRbeTskmCa oecj

putBIkarXMuRKg rbs ev[tNam nig cin tamry;GkdwknaMExr Edlsuxcit rNb
nwg RbeTsTaMgenaH bneTAeT[t edIm|IrkSaGMNacrbs eK nigRkumbkSBYk rbseK
EdlebIkd oCnbreTs mkrksIu enARsukExr enAkgPaBGnaZibety . enAkg
bribTEbb enH GMeBI BukrlYy kanEt rIkraldal yagxaMg beg,IteLIg nUv PaBRkI
RkmYyEbbEdlRsukExr minEdlCYbRbTH. GVIEdlBYkeK R:zacg:n CaTIbMput Kw
lubbM:tlTi RbCaZibrtyBitR:kd CaBiesskareKarBsiTimnusSedIm|IsRmYl

dl skmPaBxusc|ab rbs BYkeK .
ety :nkMNtenAeBlenaH KWkarTamTarkraC BI :raMgpg ehIyeZIVTMenIbkm

68
RbeTskmCapg. Jkza TMenIbkm sMedACaBiesseTAelI karer[bcM sab&n
dwknaM RbeTsomanlkN; sm&yTMenIb eRJHrbbraCaniymExrtaMgBIedImstvtS

TI 9 mk enA EtsitenACa rbbeTvraC dEdl eTaHbIRBHmhakSRtRtUveRCIstaMg
edayRkumRbwkSa
raCbl&g,kI
ehIyeTaHbI
:nvivtBI
kareKarBbUCa
RBHsIvlig<
mkdl kareKarBlTiBuTsasna ezrvaT (hInyan) kI eday qgkatkareKarB bUCa
sk,arbuK<l elaeksVr; KW rUbPaB eJZistV (BuTsasna mhayan) tam
EbbExrkalCMnan RBH:TC&yvr&n TI 7 . tamry;sab&nTaMgLayenaH GMNac

TaMgmUlmanRbPBecj mkBI RBHmhakSRt EdleKcatTukza CatMNagrbs BBYk
eTv; . karts)U rbs KNbkS RbCaZibety eRkamkardwknaM rbs GkGg<
vasna d* GP&BV n KNbkSRbCaZibety
KNbkS RbCaZibety EdlbJvnExrmYyRkum:nbeg,It enAExemsa
qaM 1946 :nedIrtYnaTImYy d*sMxan enAkgTMB&r RbvtisaRsExr . kaledImeLIy

sabnik n KNbkSenH manCa GaT elak sium va nig elak eG[v kWH . enAEx
mizuna qaM 1946 dEdlenaH GkGg<massIusuvti yutivgS67 :nRtLbmkBIRsuk

:raMgvij ehIycUlrYmRbyuT yagskmenAkgKNbkSenH. minyUrbunan RBHGg<
67
:nRtUveRCIstaMg CaRbZan KNbkSenH Etmg. TisedAEdlKNbkS RbCaZib
GkGg<mas yutivgS CabuRtTI 5 rbs RBHGg<mas cMerInvgS (ExSraCvgS
RBH:TGg<eGg) CamYyGkGg<mas sIusuvti yuBipan (ExSraCvgSRBH:TsIusuvti) .
GkGg<mas sIusuvti yutivgS (1912_1947) EdlPab CamYy ExS rbsRBHmata

:neTAsikSaenARbeTs:raMgehIy:nsJabRtbNitrdxagviTasaRs
s sciences) Epk rUbviTa.
315
masyutivgSEdlCaExS jativgSRBH:T Gg<eGg :nrkRcke:HCMhaneTA rkTMenIb
km sab&ndwknaMeXIj enAqaM 1946 dEdlenaH KWWERbkay rbbraCaniym Ca

RbBNIoeTACa rbb raCaniymGaRs&y dZmnuJ
(monarchie constitution-
nelle) KW rbb raCaniymEdlRKbRKgRbeTsBI qaM 1947 mkTl nwg qaM 1970
ehIyEdl bnabBI rbb saZarNrdExr (1970_1975) rbbExrRhm (1975_
1979) rbb saZarNrd RbCamanitukmCa (1979_1989 ) rbb rdkmCa
(1989-1993 ) :nvilmkvijenAqaM 1993. buEn edayxVHbTBiesaZnRKbRKan
rbb raCaniymGaRs&yrdZmnuJ sm&yqaM 1947 enaH:nRbKlGMNaceTAzVay

RBHmhakSRtdEdlvij eRJHEtman maRtamYy :nebIkpvoRBHmhakSRt eZVIdUecH
:n enAkgkal;eTs;caM:c. eTaHCayagNakI
k*eKGacniyay:nza KNbkS
RbCaZibety :npleTAoRbeTskmCa nUv rdZmnuJmYy elIkdMbUgbgs
(docteur
68
eRbIJk
TMenIbPavUbnIykm k*:n .
316
sRmabdwknaMRbeTsEdr KW xusBIeBlGtItkal EdlGMNacTaMgGs CakmsiTi
bT lTimakSniym xHeT[tCa kmaMgbg,b rbs BYkGkGPirkS . mYycMnYn eT[t
GMNac eTAkanEtmakRBHGg<vijtamry;karbeg,Itsab&nzImYy69TnwmKakI k*bJvn
CaGkOkasniymsuTsaZ. enAqaM1957 KWW 2 qaMeRkay eBlEdlRBHmhakSRt
dacz rbs RBHmhakSRt . eTaHbI enAeBleRkaymk RBHmhakSRt :nyk
CaGkQrkNaledayTTYls<al kitanuPaB rbsRBHmhakSRt ehIyxHeT[t
nig GkecHdwgRKbRbePT mansiTieZIVkarts)UbneTAeT[t tampvc|abEdr. k* buEn
neratm sIhnu dakraCehIy beg,Itclna sg<mraRsniym KNbkS RbCaZib
ZMmhima
Ca saZarN;mYy CamYy semcbyuvraC neratm sIhnu GMeBI hwgSamYy:n
CaGkusl karts)UenaH :nTTYlbraC&yeTAvij enAqaM 1952 eRkam kitanuPaB d*

rbs
RBHmhakSRtExr
RBH:T
neratm
sIhnu
Edl:neZIVkarts)U
ety k*:tRsemalEtmg . enAz 11 sIha qaM 1957enaH eRkay karttaMg
TamTarkraC rhUt dl:nseRmc eday KankarbgrQam. eTaHCayagenH
o sJaza GMNwHteTARbeTskmCa nwg manKNbkS EtmYybueNaH KW KNbkS
eCaKC&y d*ZM bMput nigCaRbvtisaRs nKNbkSRbCaZibety :n
lkN;Biess n KNbkS RbCaZibety Exr KW smasPaB d*KYr
k*eday k* CIvit neya:y BMuman lkN;dUckalBI eBlmunTaMgGsEdr .
rbs semc neratm sIhnu palEtmg .
EsgecjeLIg enAeBle:HeqateRCIstaMg sPaZmnuJ enAz 1 kJaqaM 1946.
oktsMKal nsabnik nig GkdwknaM. KWCaelIkdMbUgehIy EdlGkecHdwg ecj
kgcMnYnGasn;TaMgGs 69 . KNbkS RbCaZibety EdlmankarKaMRTyagmaM
putBIGMNac rbs BYkskiPUmi
sPa ExkJa qaM 1951 KWW :nTTYldleTA 54 Gasn; eTaHbI enAeBlenaH man
TMenar eTArklTi makSniym
enAeBlenaH KNbkS RbCaZibety :nTTYl 50 Gasn;enAkg sPaZmnuJ
mkBImCdan nigRsTabsg<mnana :nmUlmtiKa eZIVkarts)UrMedaHRbeTs oecj
BI sMNakbJvn mRnIrdkar rkSa eCaKC&yenH:n bnmkeT[t enAeBle:Heqat
Edr . mYycMENk Gkman ninakaresrIniym ehIymYycMENkeT[t GkEdlman

70
buEn ninakarnigcrn k*manlkN;sm|N(Ebb
. eTaHCayagNakI eKaledA rbs bNabJvn
karbrg,ItKNbkS neya:y CaeRcInEzmeT[t edIm|Isakl|gkat bnyTiBl
TaMgenaH manEtmYybueNaH enAeBlenaH KWW TamTarkraC BI:raMgo:nsin.
xn KNbkS RbCaZibety :nqgkat bsK< nig karvayRbharCaeRcIn.
GtItGkkaEst nKrvtmYy cMnYnpgEdr Kw kaEst Edl:nRtUvbeg,IteLIg enA
rbs KNbkS RbCaZibety enHkI . enAkgry; eBlts)U d* ekAKKuk rbs
RBHGg<masyutivgS TTYlmrNPaBenAz 11 kk,daqaM 1947 ehIyelak eG[v
GkCMnanTI 1 manCaGaT elak sIum va elak eG[vkwH, elak Qan vm nig
kWH :nRtUveKeZIVXat enAz 14 mkraqaM 1950 . enAeBleRkaymk eKseg,t
eXIjmancrn CaeRcInenAkgKNbkS RbCaZibetyenH. xH CaGkts)UtamEbb
69
enAz 14 mizunaqaM 1960 semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUvEtgtaMg eday
rdsPa CaRbmuxrd RbeTskmCabnabBIRBHGg< :ndakraCzVayeTA RBHmata nig

RBHbita enA z 3 mina qaM 1955 .
317
70
ksarCaeRcIn :nktsMKalza
GkGg<masyutivgS:nGan
es[v
ePA
Manifeste du Parti communiste rbs kal makS nig Ggh<wl Edl elak dak
CaRbcaM enAk|aldMeNk .
318
qaM 1936 eday elak sWg guk zan
71
elak :c QWn nig elak Ehm cMerIn
TaMgBIrrenH mankarGlEGkbnicEdr mun nwgcUlCasmaCik n KNbkS RbCaZib
. bnabmkeT[t GkGg<masyutivgS nig elak zun G)uk Edl:neTAbMeBjviCa
ety enH. buEnenAqaM 1947 elak Ebn nut k*:nseRmccUlkg KNbkSenH
enAqaM 1946. bYnqaMeRkaymkeT[t cabBIqaM 1950 mkTlnwgqaM 1955 nisSit
oelak edIm|ICMnYselak Qan vm. rI elak sWn sanvij elakP&yxacERkg
enARsuk:raMg :nvilRtLb mkkmCavij ehIy cUlCa smaCik KNbkSenHEdr
eday smaCikCaeRcIn nKNbkS :nesIRbKlmuxnaTI CaRbZansPaZmnuJ eTA
AxrEdleTAer[n enARsuk :raMgehIyEdl :nTTYlsJabRt tmsikSa sMxan>
KNbkS RbCaZibety maneKaledA ERbkay raCaNacRkExr oeTAC arbb
RbCaZibety enH yagmmajwk. PaKeRcIn manninakareqVgniym tYyag RBHGg<
yutivgS CaGkdwknaMclna elakk*mankarkkekAvij . enHebIeyageTA tamkar
k* :nvilmkvijCabnbnab ehIynaMKaeZIVskmPaB neya :y enAkgKNbkS
mas neratm PUrisSra
72
elak sin exmkU, elak sVay sU, elak ekg
vansak, elak CYn mum . enAeBlenaH saLt sr (bul Bt) nig eG[g sarI
EdleRkaymk
:nkayeTACaemExr
Rkhm
k*manTMnakTMng
nwg
KNbkS
saZarNrd Etmg . mundMbUg elak erra bnicEdr buEn edayeXIj RBHGg<mas

sikSaRsavRCav rbs elakRsI marI GaeLcsgRDIn martaMg
enAqaM
1947
KNbkS
73
RbCaZibetyEdleKniymehA
za
KN
bkSk|aldMrI kanEtmansmaCikGkecHdwg eRcIneLIg> GkEdlmansJbRtZM>
RbCaZibety enHEdr buEn mincUlCasmaCikeT. eRkABIGkEdlman ninakar eqVg
mk BIRsuk:raMg k*cUlrYmcMENkEdr. eKseg,teXIj manCaGaT ? elak h)uy
cgpleTAo RbeTskmCa nUv rbbsPaniym . GkxH eT[t EdleKBiBN(naza
enAeBlenaH eKmankarBi:k nwg eC]za KNbkSenHGacnwgTTYlC&yCMnH enAeBl
GPirkS dUcCaelak Ebn nut nig elak sWn san CaedIm. mundMbUg sSrCn
NasEdr nAeBlenaH . buEn KYroGsarNas enATIbMput KNbkS RbCaZib
niym smaCikPaKeRcIn suTEtCaGkEdlman ninakar EkTRmgniym ehIy
knl elak sun vWuns elak sm jan elak Eym sarug. eTaHCayagenHkI
CaGkmanninakaresrIniym
e:Heqatxagmux
71
(libraux) eRcInEtCaGkEdlmanKMnit nig yuTsaRs
GkviPaKxH ktsMKalza elak sWg guk zan CaGkCatiym RbqaMgnwg :raMg
ehIyBMueC]za elakCaGkRbCaZibety yagNaenaH eT. buEn GkRbCaZibety

Exr CaeRcIn catTukelakza CaGkRbCaZibety .
72
RbsUtenAqaM 1919 RBHGg<masn eratm PUrIsSara CabuRtrbs RBHGg<mas
neratm panuvgS CamYy GkGg<mas sIusuvti sgVarI . RBHGg<mas panuvgS

(1871_1937) CabuRt rbs RBH:T neratm CamYy Xun zan . buRt 3 Gg<eT[t
rbs RBH:Tneratm CamYy Xun zan KW ? RBHGg<mas dYg cRk (suKtenAqAM
1897) yuKnr (:txUn enAqaM 1900) nig hasSkan suKt enAqaM 1888) .
319
eRJH
:raMgEdlKaMRT
RBHmhakSRt
neratm
sIhnu
k*xaMg
ety :nTTYlC&yCMnHd*ZM nwksanmindl. enHCaskIkmEdlbJakza RbCaCn
Exr d*eRcInelIslub BitCaRsLaj lTiRbCaZibety ehIy manCMen]eTAelIGk

ecHdwgExr CagBYknamWunesc. xHeT[tylza KWW mkBI KNbkS RbCaZibety
manRBHGg<mas sIusuvti yutivgS EdlCa GPiCn CaGkdwknaM . eTaHCayagNakI
eRkaymrNPaB rbs RBHGg<mas yutivgS KNbkS RbCaZibety :nTTYl

C&yCMnH kanEtxaMgEzmeT[t . enAeBle:Heqat qaM 1951 KNbkS RbCaZib
ety :nTTYldleTA 70 n Gasn;enArdsPa. buEneRkaymkeT[t KN
73
Marie Alexandrine Martin, Le mal cambodgien, Paris, Ha-chette, 1989.

320
bkSenH EdlCasadd*ZM nigCaRbvtisaRs rbsbJvnExr :nRtUvGkxaMg nigBYk
eday ersIudg:raMg EdlCakta nkarbHe:repSg>rbsRbCaCn CaBiess rbs
carTuk nUv esckIkahanGgGac rbsGkecHdwgExr kalCMnanenaHEdr .
ykGMNacTaMgmUl BIescExreT[tpg . edIm|Ier[bcM mUldanenH EdleKehAza
GkOkasniym bMEbkbM:kexcxIGs. eTaHCayagenH k*eday k*RbvtisaRs :n
GPiRkmTMenIbkm RbeTs kmCa

cabtaMg BIedImstvtS TI 20
RbvtisaRsExr kalCMnan GaNaniKm:raMg BMuEmnEtCa sm&y kalmYy
esc nig mRnI rbs esc . :raMgRtYtRta RsukExrCMnYsescExr ehIyEzmTaMg

karEkTRmg :raMg:ndeNImykGMNac BIRBHmhakSRtExr edayRtg> enAqaM
1884 mg nig enAqaM 1897 mgeT[t . enAqaM 1884 karbunbg mundMbUg bgs
rbs :raMg
75
:nTTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug eRJH manmhakubkmmYy :npHeLIg
ehIy :npacCivit Tahan:raMg GsCaeRcIn. buEn enAqaM 1897
76
:raMg :n
seRmcEpnkarenHrbseK. cabtaMgBIeBlenaHmk dMeNIrkarTMenIbkm :nRbRBwt
eTA edayBMuCYb nUv bsK< GIVZMdMueLIy . enA qaM 1897 enaH enAkgRkbxN n
EdlskmPaB nclnats)U rbs GkeshaCati Ca RBwtikarN sMxanEtmYymux
karEkTRmgrd:l
RBH:Tneratm
90 qaM KW BIqaM 1863 mkTl nwgqaM 1953
_ EdlxHmanRbeTsev[tNam
kalenaH RksYg manEtR:M bueNaH . enA qaM 1901 :raMg :n EbgEck RbB&n
eday kar xMRbwgERbg rbs :raMg eTaHCaticCag enARbeTsev[tNam Edl
eTA:n . enAkgeBlCamYyKaenaH :raMg :nvayrMlM rbbTasPaB ecalEtmg
bueNaHeT. Tnwm nwgkarbHe:r rbs BYk GkEdlRbqaMg nwg :raMgGsry;eBl
beg,ItRkumRbwkSardmRnI
enABIeRkay _RbeTs kmCa k* e:HCMhansnSwm> eqaHeTArk PaBsm&yTMenIbEdr
rd:l CaXMu
eJl
KW
:n
ecjRBHraCRkwtmYycuHz
rdaPi:l
11
tamEbbbTbsimRbeTs
kk,da
buEn
(communes) buEn min:nseRmc . TalEtqaM 1908 eTIbeZIV
. kareZIVTMenIbkmRbeTskmCa EdlCaRbeTs
ehIyGMNac rbsRBHmhakSRt k*cuHexSayEdreRJHedIm|IeZIVTMenIbkm sab&ndwknaM
ksagmUldan GPivDn mYyzIeT[t EdlmanlkN; xusTaMgRsug BI reb[brs
RkumRbwkSardmRnI KWersIudg:raMgEtmg. enAqaM 1947 bJvnExrmYyRkum :nERb
CaRbeTsGaNaniKm:raMgpalkI
74
cMeJHGkEdlcg
nana ersIudgs)ubebrIeyIr:raMg kabykGMNacTaMgmUl . yagNamij GkdwknaM
enA CaRbBNI rbs GkmasRsuk. mYyvijeT[t KW karksagmUldan GPivDn
kay rbbraCaniym RbBNIExr oeTACarbb raCaniym GaRs&yrdZmnuJ 77.
ZabmanGarZm(
d*s,wms,
minEmn
CakargayRsYleLIy
tam reb[bRsuk:raMg enHEtmg CaBiess karrMelaPeTAelIGZibety rbs Exr
74
eTaHbIRbeTskmCaRtUveKcatTukzaCa RbeTsGaNaniKm :raMgkI k* tamkar
Bit vtman:raMg enAkmCa QrenAelIeKalkarN GaNaBa:l rbs :raMg
EtbueNaH
(Protectorat franais) . buEn bnicmg> :raMg:nedIrhYs BIeKal
karN enHeTAeT[t CaehtunaMoman karbHe:r d* xaMgka kgTUTaMgRbeTs .

321
75
GnusJaEdl:raMgbgMoExrTTYlyk enAz 17_24 mizuna qaM 1884 tRmUv
oescExrylRBmo :raMg eZIVkarEkTRmg Epkrd:l Epkc|ab EpkhirJvt

nig EpkBaNiCkm .
76
raCRkwt cuHz 11 kk,da qaM 1897 .
77
RBHmhakSRt esayraC buEn minkanGMNacedaypaleT .

322
KW
taMgBIeBlenaH mkehIy EdlRbeTskmCa manrdZmnuJdwknaM
edayman
sab&n EdlcmgecjBI n bNaRbeTs kumynis ehIy EdlKan karEbgEck
eRkaykar rlMrlay n KNbkS RbCaZibety rbb EbgEckGMNacenAEt
dalenAkgsab&n nana . karRbECg rvag esdkicrd nig esdkickCn :nRtwm
karEbgEck GMNacRtwmRtUv eTAtamlTiRbCaZibety tamEbbbTbsimRbeTs .
manrUbragbneTAeT[t eTaHbI semc neratm sIhnu kabGMNacrd TaMgmUltam

ry;clna sg<mraRsniym kI KWclna mYyEdlRBHGg<:nbeg,It edIm|IQan
GMNac . rdkabGMNacesdkic yagENn CaehtueZIVo GMeBI BukrlYy rIkral

eZIVo esdkicTaMgmUl :tbg nUv snHedIm EtbueNaH .
rbbneya:y CMnan sg<mraRsniym
eTAdlrbb bkSEtmYy dUcenA kgbNaRbeTskumynis .
enAkgsm&ysg<mraRsniym KW BIqaM 1955 mkdlz 28 Z
qaM 1969 semc neratm sIhnu :nbn GPiRkmTMenIbkm yagskmEdr buEn
kareKarB eKalkarN RbCaZibety mankarreg<aHreg<I yagxaMg CaehtueZIVo kar

kMNtneya:y eRkARbeTs manlkN;Gtenam&tRbkbedayeRKaHzak KW Xat
qay BIneya:yGBaRkwtPaB ehIy eryagxaMg eTArk bk bNaaRbeTssg<m
niym EdlCa sRtUvyuTsaRs rbs elakesrI. enAeBlenaH lTikumynis

kMBug EtmanTiBl xaMgmhima eTAelIbJvn nigGkneya:y nana enAkgtMbn
ehIy RbeTskmCa eRkamkardwknaM rbs semc neratm sIhnu k* ecjBMuputBI
TiBlenHEdr . eTaHCayagenHkI k* vb|Zm( :raMg EdlRtUvGkmanTMenar eTArk

lTimakSniym catTukza Cavb|Zm( Rbtikiriya enAEtmanCMhr bnmkeT[t KW
manrhUtdl eBlTIGvsan n rbb saZarNrdExr. bJvnmYyPaKZM Edl
:nTTYlTiBl BIvb|Zm(:raMg :nedIrtYnaTImYy d*sMxan enAkgkarbeg,It rbb

saZarNrdExrenH mun nigeRkayeBl EdlsPaTaMgBIr :nTmaksemc neratm
sIhnu BI tYnaTIRbmuxrd KW muxtMENgEdlsPa :nRbKl zVayRBHGg< enAz
14 mizunaqaM 1960 . enAeBlEdl RBHGg< kab rdkmCaTaMgmUl EtmakRBHGg<

semc
neratm
sIhnu
:nsakl|gEksab&nrdxH>
edIm|IedaHRsay
TMnas
epSg> rvagsab&n cmgBI:raMg nwg vb|Zm(Exr buEnenH CaGPiRkmTMenIbkm mYy

Ebb EdlBMu:nplsnH esdkic GVIbunan eTAokmCaeT eRJH tamkarBit KWCa
323
enAkgry;eBl 90 qaM eRkamkarRKbRKg rbs GaNaBa :l:raMg
RbeTskmCa :nqgkat raCesc 4 Gg< KWW RBH:T neratm (1860_1904)
EdlmanRBHnamedIm Gg< vtI, RBH:TsIusuvti (1906_1927 ) RBH:T sIusuvti

munIvgS (1927_ 1941) nig RBH:T neratm sIhnu. KwenAkgraCTI 1 (1941_
1955) n RBH:T neratm sIhnu enHehIy EdlRbeTskmCa :nTTYlkraC

BI:raMg (9 vicika qaM 1953). eRkayeBl:nkraC RBH:Tneratm sIhnu
RKgraC
:nEt
qaMbueNaH
eRJHRBHGg<
:ndakraCzVayeTARBHmata
nig
RBHbita rbsRBHGg< edIm|IcUlRbyuT kgqakneya:y tTlnwgKNbkS RbCa
Zibety. 2 qaMeRkay BIenaHmkeT[t KNbkS RbCaZibety dwknaMeday
bJvn RtUvEbk:kxatxayGs. taMgBIeBlenaHmk semc neratm sIhnu RKb
RKgRbeTs edayKandKU. eRkayeBldakraC RBHGg<manRBHraCfan;Ca semc

byuvraC
78
ehIy enAz 23 mina qaM 1955 dEdlenaH RBHGg< :nbeg,It
clna neya:ymYy maneQaHza sg<mraRsniym. sSrCn neya:y nig
bJvn Edlmanninakar saM GPirkS :ncUlrYmkg clnaenH tYyag elak sium

va elak sm sarI CaedIm. enAqaM 1960 RBHGg< RtUvsPaTaMgBIr EtgtaMgCa
78
Vice-roi
324
Rbmuxrd
79
n RbeTskmCa . rbb neya:y Edlsemc neratm sIhnu :n
GkRbkanninakar bdibkTaMgBIr RbuyTKayagxaMgka enAkgrdsPa k*dUcCa enAkg
beg,ItenAkgRkbxN nclnaenH KW rbb EdlKanKNbkSRbqaMg enAkgrdsPa
rdaPi:l sg<mraRsniym enAkugvis&ysikSaZikarCati k*dUcCa enAkgvis&y
sMxan > nKNbkSTaMgenaH :ncUlrYmkgclna sg<mraRsniym enH Gs
n sab&ndwknaM EdlkMNt eday rdZmnuJ RbCaZibety qaM 1947
GksaMGPirkSniym :nTTYlsmaCikzI>eT[t Edlmanninakar eqVgniym k*
GMNac nitib|Jti dUcCa smaCCati
edaysSrCn
sarBt(man CaehtueZIV omankarpasbrrdaPi:l Cajwkjab. TnwmnwgdMeNIrkar
eTAehIy . eRkaymk clna sg<mraRsniymenH EdlkaledImeLIy manEt
neratm sIhnu :nbeg,Itsab&nmYycMnYneT[t edIm|Isakl|gkatbnytYnaTI n
kumynisEtmg k*Gacza:n . xagninakar saMniymGPirkS nig esrIniym elak
eKGacniyay:nza bnabBI karEkTRmg rdZmnuJ tamry;RbCamti z 7 kum;
eRJHKNbkScMnYn
Edlman
BImun
:nRtUvrlMrlayGs
sm sarI elak sium va elak Eym sMbU . rIclna esrIniym kraC tamKMrU
bsimRbeTs manelak Duk rasIu CaGktMNag . enAqaM 1966 elak Duk rasuI
nig elak bUl lItsYn EdlminylRsb nwgmaK(a neya:y rbs semc

neratm sIhnu :nbeg,ItkaEstRbqaMgmYy KWW Tinanub|vti CaPasa:raMg
semc
nig sPaRbCaCn enAtamExRtCaedIm .
qaM 1955 KW mYyEx munkardakraC rbs RBHGg< semc neratm sIhnu :npl
eTAoc|abkMBUlExr nUvreb[bRKbRKgmYyzIeT[t EdlmanlkN;RbhakRbEhl

nwg rbb Edlman enAkgRbeTs kumynis .
taMgBIeBlEdlRBH:Tneratm sIhnu dakraCsm|ti ehIybeg,It clna
Phnom
Penh Presse . eRkABIninakarsaM GPirkS nig esrIniym tamEbbbsimRbeTs
80
sg<mraRsniym CIvitneya:y n RbeTskmCa sitenAeRkamTiBlnsmaC
eKeXIjman clna rbs bJvneqVgniym EdltMNageday elak ecA esg
Cati Edlsemcneratm sIhnu dwknaM edaypalRBHGg< kgnamRBHGg< Caem
CaPasa:raMg
lkN;BMuxusbunan
elak h)U yn elak ex[v sMpn elak sU ENm . enAqaM 1966 Tinanub|vti
La Dpche du Cambodge :n breQaH mkCa La Nouvelle
Dpche du Cambodge ehIy:nRtYv elak ecA esg ykeTAeRbIeZIV CabkrN

neya:y
sRmabGkeqVgniym
EdlmanninakarEbreTAekbdivtncin
bnabBI
elak sium va ecj:teTA. enA sm&ysg<mraRsniym (1955_1969) enaH
79
ebIenAkgrbb saZarNrd KW RbZanaZibtI. GkviPaKxHylza KWCa rdRbhar
mYYyEdl :nRbRBwteTA edaysat> . rbbraCaniym enAdEdl k* BitEmn buEn
GMNacTaMgmUl sitenAkgdRbmuxrdTaMgGs rIRBHmhakSRt TaMgBIrGg<EdlRKg

raC RKanEtCanimitrUb EdltMNagraCvgSbdibkZM>TaMgBIr bueNaH KW ExS neratm
nig ExS sIusuvti .
325
clnaenHpg ehIy kgnam CaRbmuxrdpg. sUmktsMKalza smaCCati man

BImhasni:tbkS
enAkgrbbRbeTskumynis
EdlKN
bkSkumynis RtYtRtard edaypalenaHeT. rI eQaH clna sg<mraRsniym
EdlRBHGg<:noeQaH k* RbhakRbEhl nwg Jk sg<mniymEdr . dUcenH

eKGacyl yagc|as GMBIeKalbMNg rbs RBHGg< KW kabGMNacrd TaMgmUl
tamry;clna
sg<mraRsniym
rbsRBHGg<
edIm|IQaneTARtYsRtaymaK(a
neya:y mYyzI xus BI rbbRbCaZib ety tamEbbbT bsimRbeTs sRmab
80
rdZmnuJ enH :nRtUv semc neratm sIhnu eZIVviesaZnkm yag dMNM
tamry;nItiRkmcuHz 15 Z qaM 1955 ehIy EdlRtUvRbkas o eRbI enAz 14

mkra qaM 1956 .
326
karRbyuTkgqakneya:y
RbeTskmCa sm&yTMenIb ehIy kgeBlCamYyKaenaH s,atpvminobJvn Edl
niym lTiRbCaZibetyesrIniym cUlmkkgqak neya:y :npg . minEt
rbs semc neratm sIhnu
bueNaH RBHGg< k* maneeKaledAmYyeT[tEdr KWkatbnyTiBl BYkKhbtI Edl

CamUldan n Gkneya:yesrIniym . enAkgeKaledAenH eK seg,teXIjza
RBHGg< RTgeZIVIGVI RKbEbbyag edIm|Ibgnel|}n n GPiRkm esrIkmesdkic o
dUceyIg:neXIj CahUrEhrYcmkehIy cabtaMgBIqaM 1936 mk bJvnExr
:neRcInbMput. ebIeKminniyay BI karlubbM:tecal bnicmg> nUveKal karN
:neZIVkarts)URbqaMg nwg:raMg yagxaMgka tamry;clna ts)UepSg> . clnaxH
k* :nkatbny TiBl d*xaMgmhima n GVIEdleKehAza GkmUlZnniym pg
pleTAoRsukExr
esdkic Etmg/ buEnedaymRnI CaGkdwknaMesdkic karGPivDn k*cuHzyCalMdab
Rsug eJlKW reb[brbbrsenA reb[bKitBicarNa nig dwknaMRbeTs tamEbbbT
81
EbgEckGMNac tamEbbbT lTiRbCaZibetyesrIniymeTenaH karxMRbwgERbgenH
EpkeTAelIKMnit Catiniym
Edr. bJaEdlecaT KWza etIoGkmUlZnniym kabesdkic mYyRtUvord kab
clnakumynis NcinEtmg. bJvnGkCatiniym CaGkcgrkSavb|Zm( ExrTaMg
dUcenAkg rbbesdkicrdnanadUecHEdr. mYyvijeT[t eday neya:yeRkARbeTs

katpac
TMnakTMngecj
BIshrd
Gaemrik
esdkicExrenAeBlenaH
k*:tbg
snHGPivDn rbsva CaeRcInkRmit. enAz 18 minaqaM 1970 sPaTaMgBIr :n
suTsaZ xHR:zacgrMedaHRbeTsBI :raMgpg ehIy
nUvRbB&ndwknaM
RbCaZibetypg
xHeT[t
Casaxa
RbBNIExr. rIGkRbCaZibetyCMnanTI 1 EdlPaKeRcIn CabJvnEdl :neTA
sikSanARbeTs:raMg eKcgeZIVkarEkTRmgRKbvis&y KW TaMgvis&y sab&nRKbRKg

RbeTs TaMg vis&ycitKMnit nig karGPivDn . GkRbCaZibetyCMnan TI 2 Edl
Tmaksemc neratm sIhnu BItYnaTIRBHGg<CaRbmuxrd eday mUlehtuneya:y
eRcInEtCaGkEdl:n eZIVkarsikSa enARsuk:raMgdUcGkCMnanTI 1 Edr cgERbkay
ExreTAeRbIR:sedIm|IRbyuT nwg kgT&BGaemrik enARbeTsev[tNam . eRkaykar
eBlenaH KW bdivaTkm rvagvb|Zm(Exr nwg RkwtRkmrIkceRmIn tamEbbbTbsim
mYy d*ekA KKukenAeBlenaH KW karEdlkgT&Bev[tmij nig ev[tkug :nyk TwkdI
Tmaksemc neratm sIhnu RbeTskmCa eRkamkar dwknaM rbs tmesnIy
ln nl nig sirimt; EdlmankarKaMRT BI shrd Gaemrik :neRCIserIsyk

rbb saZarNrd sRmabRKbRKgRbeTs
buEn BYkExrRkhm eRkamkitanuPaB
rbs semc neratm sIhnu :nvayrMlMrbb enHenAz 17 emsaqaM 1975 .
taMgBIeBl enaHmk RbeTskmCa ZakeTAkgeRCaH neya:ymYy d* mhaEsneRCA

rhUtmkdlqaM 1992_93 KWW eBlEdl Gg<kar shRbCaCati eZIVGnraKmn enA
kmCa .
RsukExroeTACaRbeTs EdlkanlTisg<mniymEtmg . bJaEdlecaTeLIgenA
RbeTs tamEbbbTRbeTskumynis. cMeJHbJvn Catiniym CaBiess cMeJH

bJvn GPirkSniym vb|Zm(Exr manlkN;sm|ti RKbRKan sRmabeZIVdMeNIr
81
GkGg<masneratm cnrgSI nig elak sWn guk zan :nRtUvGk seg,tkarN
xHcatTukza sitenA kgcrnenH. bJvnPaKeRcIn EdleZIVkarts)U kgCYrKNbkS

RbCaZibety
eZIVkarTamTarkraCpg
ehIycg:nlTiRbCaZibetypg.
Gkts)UmYycMnYnsitenAkgclna bkSkumynisNcinEdl hU CImij :nbeg,It

enAqaM 1930 .
327
328
eqaHeTArkPaBsm&yTMenIb
eTaHbIRtUvrkSa
sab&ndwknaMcaskI
sUmktsMKal
bEnmza bJvnGPirkSniym Edl:neTAeZIVkarsikSa enARbeTs:raMg eRcInman

ninakar eTArkbsim RbeTs
82
bJasMxan rbs GkTaMgenH k* dUcCarbs
ety :nvij CaBiess enAeBlEdl RBHGg<cab epImeZIV RBHraCbUCnIykic
TamTarkraC
(croisade royale pour lIndpendance) BI :raMg .
enAkgkareZIVTMenIbkmRbeTskmCa GVIEdlRBHmhakSRtExrRBH:T neratm
clnats)UTaMgGsEdr KWW rMedaHxnecjBI karRKbRKgrbs:raMg. cMeJHGk Edl
sIhnu :rmxaMgCageK KWWkarEbgEckGMNac tamlTiRbCaZibety reb[bbsim
tam RbB&nRbCaZibety tamEbb:raMgpg . eRkaysm&y elak sWn guk zan
enAGWrub KW BYkmUlZnniymenH ehIyEdltMNag vN;KhbtI (la
cgeZIVkarEkRTmg KWRtUvrMedaHxn BI:raMgpg ehIyer[bcMsab&nRKbRKgRbeTs eTA
RbeTs nig tYnaTI d* sMxan n BYkGkmUlZnniym EdlkabesdkicRbeTs.
bourgeoisie)
EdlbukmuxRBYjEtmYy _ KWwkaredj:raMgecj BIRsukExrEtbueNaH eTaHRtUvcg
ehIyEdlCaGk manGMNacBitR:kd enAkgsg<m esrIniym. dUckaryleXIj
kI _ karts)U rbs bJvnExr eRkamkardwknaM rbs KNbkS RbCaZibety
kannGMNaceT eRJHRBHGg<xac GkTaMgenH kabGMNac enAeBlEdlman karrIk
raCBI:raMgpg ehIybrrcnasm&nRbeTspg . buEnKanGkNa makh)anniyay
kgqakneya:y edIm|IykC&yCMnH o:nmunCaeRsc kMuobdivtn KhbtI vay
enaH BMuTanrMedaHxnput BIkarmanCMen] d* emaHmut eTAelI tYnaTIdwknaMCask,ar;rbs
vagkMuobdivtn kumynis ykGMNac:n RBHGg< k*rkbEgk BI sMNakcinkimy
CaGkmanbuuN EdlcuH BIeTvelak mkCYyykGasa nig RtYtRtamnusSelak.
kalebIvayrMlMBYkKhbtI:nehIyBYkExrrkhm ykGMNacsRmabBYkeKEtmg .
KWw enAkgn&yenHehIy EdleRkaykar:tbg CIvit rbs GkGg<mas yutivgS
Rtwm CayuTviZI rbsBYkkumynis edIm|I sRmYldlkarvayrMlM RkumExrEdlman
sm&nPaB CamYy cRkPBCbun EdlkalenaHkMBugvatTwkdIenAGasuIGaeKy k*eday
rbs makS nigGgh<wl GuIcwgEdr semc neratm sIhnu BMucgovN; KhbtI enH
manlkN; Cakarts)U EdlmanmuxRBYjBIr kgeBlCamYyKa KWW edIm|ITamTar k
ceRmInEpksSahkm . edIm|IraMgs,atkarvivtnenH RBHGg< k*dakraCcUl RbyuT
o:nc|as GMBI karvivtn eqaHeTArk rbbsaZarNrd eT eRJHsg<mExrenACMnan
rMlM:n ehIyCYyclna bJvn eqVgniym ovayrMlM vN;KhbtI. edIm|I ec[s
RBHmhakSRteLIy. cMeJH bNaCn ExrCaTUeTA RBHmhakSRt KW CaRBHGaTieTB
nis EdlenABIeRkayExrkumynis . buEn CakartRbeyaCn. seRmcsRmYceTA
dUcenH kar Rbmaz ecsaRBHmhakSRt Ca GMeBIxusq<gmYy EdlmaneTasZnZr .
tYunaTI rbs semc neratm sIhnu enAkgclna kumynisExr :nRtUvbRgYmmk
RBH:Tneratm sIhnu :neq{tOkas deNImykGMNac BI KNbkS RbCaZib
ninakarsaM GPirkSEtbueNaH. rI bdivtn kmynisExrvij eTaHxagev[tNam

xagcinkI k*:nRtwm beRmI GnutrPaB n RbeTskumynis TaMgBIrenHE tbueNaH .
enAcenaHqaM
82
kaledImeLIy semc neratm sIhnu k*man ninakarEbbenHEdr buEn eRkay
mk RBHGg<EbreTArk reb[bsg<mniymvij . pyeTAvij GkGg<mas neratm

cnrgSI rkSaninakarsaM GPirkSniymdEdl. enA eBlTmaksemc neratm sIhnu
GkGg<mas neratm cnrgSI :ncUlrYmcMENkkgkarksag rbbsaZarNrdExr.
329
1960_1975
eRkayeBlEdl
semc
neratm
sIhnu
Rbmuxrd d*manGMNac n RbeTskmCa TasETgyagxaMg nwg elak sm sarI

bJvn
saMGPirkSniymmakEdlRbqaMg
nwg
neya:yb
eRmIbkSsm&nkumnis
rbssemc neratm sIhnu RbeTskmCapacxnbnicmg> BIelakesrI CaBiess
BIshrd Gaemrik . KwenA eBlenaHehIy EdlbJvneqVgniym manCaGaT elak

330
ex[v sMpn elak ecA esg elak h)U yn elak h)U nwm elak sU ENm EGb
semc sIhnu yagxaMg edIm|IvaybM:k GksaMniymGPirkS EdlmantmesnIy
kalRbvti
ln nl nig GkGg<mas sIusuvti sirimt; Ca bEgk. tamkarBit enAeBlenaH
GkeqVgniym TaMgenaH Edlmancin enABI eRkay rgcaMEteBl evla rbs BYkeK

EtbueNaH eRJHclna rbsBYkeK kMBugEtrIkceRmInyagxaMg eRkamkardwknaM rbs
1989
saLt sr (bul Bt) nig eG[g sarI . enAz 17 emsa qaM 1975 ExrRkhm
:nvayrMlM
rbbsaZarNrd
rbs
tmesnIy
ln
nl
buEn
BMu:n
RbKlGMNacmk osemcneratm sIhnu eT. enAeBlEdlkgT&B ev[tNam

cUlQanJn RbeTskmCa vayrMlM rbb bul Bt enAz 7 mkraqaM1979
83
BYkExrRkhm k* ykRBHGg< eTAeRbIsaCazIeT[t . bnabBI shPaB sUev[t rlM

rlayeTA enAqaM 1990 RbeTsmhaGMNac k*bJbsRg<am
84
enAkgtMbn ehIy
cin k*RtUvrUv nwgev[tNamvij . semc neratm sIhnu k* cabd shkarCamYy

elak h)un Esn EdlsitenACakUnGuk rbs TIRkughaNUybnmkeT[t. saCazI
mgeT[t semc neratm sIhnu RTgsgwmza nwg:nRKbRKg RbeTskmCavij

buEnenATIbMput :nTTYlRtwmtYnaTIkitiysbueNaH. enAcugqaM 2004 RBHGtItGK<
mK<eTskExr d*eqImenH ehIy EdlRtUvTTYlkitiys Ca virburs nkraCCati
nig Ca RBHvirkSRt KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIdakraCeTAvijeLIy .

83
enAkgbribT
PUmisaRs_neya:y
TMnas
rvag
ExrRkhm
xagcin
nwg
1975 CazC&yCMnH rbs bdivtn cin enAkmCa rI z 7 mkraqaM 1979

CaC&yCMnH rbs bdivtn ev[tNamEdlman shPaBsUev[t enABIeRkay .
snisIT GnrCati TIRkug:rIsqaM 1989, kicRBmeRB[gTIRkug:rIs qaM1991
nig GnraKmn rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati enAqaM 1992_ 1993 .

331
;enATIRkugebkaMg rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCaRbCaZibety beg,ItRkum
RbwkSakarBarCatiCanxs. eKaledA; BRgwgsamK<IPaB shRbtibtikar rvagkgT&B
ExrTaMg 3 Rkum EdlRbqaMg nwgvtman kgT&Bev[t NamenAelITwkdIExr . z 7

mkra ; xYbTI 10 n kMeNIt saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa. enAkgOkasenaH
elak egV{g van lin GK<elxaZikar bkSkumynisev[tNam snaza nwg dk
kgT&Bev[tNamTaMgGs
ecjBIkmCa
enAdMNacExkJa.
18
mkra
enATIRkugebkaMg karcuHhtelxa eTAelIkicRBmeRB{g rvag cin nig ev[tNam sIBI
kardk kgT&Bev[tNam ecjBIkmCa eRkamkarRtYtBinitGnrCati enAdMNacEx
kJa . z 23 mkra ; KNRbtiPU GtMNagsPa z eZIVTsSnkic enA kmCa .
z 25_27 mkra ; elak h)un Esn naykrdmRnI n rbb saZarNrd
RbCamanitu kmCa eZIVTsSnkic eRkApvkarenARbeTsz. elakCYbsnna CamYy
ExrRkhmxagev[tNam CaTMnas rvagcin nwg shPaB sUev[t. z 17 emsaqaM
84
z 12 mina
elak qatTIc Cnhav&n rdmRnI TI 1 z, elak siTi saevtsIla rdmRnI
karbreTs, tmesnIy qavalit yugcyut embJkar esnaZikardan kgT&Bz
. z 26 mkra ; enATIRkug ebkaMg semc neratm sIhnu :nbeJjkarxk

RBHT&yyagxaMg GMBI karEdlTIRkug:gkk TTYlelak h)un Esn . RBHGg< RTg
seRmcRBH h#T&y mincUlrYm kgkarcrcarhUtdlExkJa eRJH EpnkarsniPaB

EdlRBHGg< :nesIeLIg BMuman PaKINamYysuxcitTTYlyk. z 9 kum; ;
332
PaKIExrTaMgbI n rdaPi:lcRmuH kmCaRbCaZibety (G.C.K.
D.) EdlRbqaMg
GnrCatimYy enAcugbJb kar RbCMuenaH. z 24 emsa ; kgkmaMg T&Bev[tNam
:nRsuHRsYlKa TTYlyk EpnkarsniPaB . z 12 kum; ; semc sIhnu vil
Rkhm . z 28 emsa ; enATIRkug:gkk elakrdmRnITI 1 z elIkeLIg nUv
nwgvtman kgT&Bev[tNam enAkmCa rYmRbCMuKaenA TI RkugebkaMg. PaKIExrTaMg 3
RtLb mkbMeBjParkic CaRbZan rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCaRbCaZibety bn mk
eT[t. z 17_18 kum; ; Rkumkargar KUPaKIExrTaMg 4 rYmRbCMuKa enATIRkugyakata

. z 19_21 kum; ; Gg<RbCMueRkApvkar TI2
nig kgT&BsaZarN rd RbCamanitukmCa vayRbhar eTAelImUldan kgT&BExr
eKalneya:yzImYy enaHKW karERbkay tMbnNcin EdlrgeRKaH edaysar

sRg<am oeTACatMbnJNiCkmvij . z 29_30 emsa ; rdsPa nrbb
(JIM II) rvag KUPaKIExrTaMg 4. man
saZarNrd RbCamanitukmCa ebIkGg<RbCMuvisamJmYy edIm|IEkERbrdZmnuJ. Gg<
ctuPaKI beNaHGasn sRmabbCMnYssab&n nrbbsaZarNrdRbCamanitukmCa.
TgCati EdlmanR:saTGg<r kMBUl 5 pasmkCa TgCatiedImEdl R:saTGg<r
rdZmnuJ. z 26 mina ; enA TIRkug ebkaMg semc neratm sIhnu :nTTYl
na rbsrd esdkic smUhPaBRtUvCMnYseday kmsiTikCn nig esdkicpSar .
karniyaymincuHsRmugKa
GMBIlknik;
nig
smasPaB
nkarbeg,Itrcnasm&n
z 23 mina ; rbbsaZarNrd RbCamanitukmCa beg,ItKNkmkarmYyedIm|I EkERb
lixitmYyBI elak h)un Esn. tamry;lixitenaH elaknaykrdmRnI n rbb

saZarNrd RbCamanitukmCa esIsMuBiPakSaCamYyRBHGg< edIm|IelIkeLIgGMBI sm|
Tan sMxan> 2 cMNuc. z 29 mina ; elak esehVn sULa smaCiksmaC
shrd Gaemrik GeJIjmkCYbelak h)un Esn enATIRkugPMeBj. eBlRtLbeTA

shrd Gaemrikvij elaksULa esIsMuosmaCGaemrik beg,InCMnYy dlPaKIExr
EdlRbqaMg nwg kumynis . enAz 29 mina dEdlenaH KNbkSRbCaCn bdivt
kmCa ebIkmhasni:t visamJ n KNkmaZikarmCim. z 2 emsa ; semc
RbCMu:nseRmcERbeQaHBI saZarNrdRbCamanitukmCa mkCa rdkmCa vij.
mankMBUl 3 vij. eTasRbharCIvit RtUvlubecal BuTsasnaRtUvkMNtCa sas

rI neya:yeRkARbeTs KW GBaRkwtPaB nig eKarBeKalkarN mincUlbkS
sm&n . z 2 nig 3 sPa ; CMnYbTI 4 rvag semc neratm sIhnu nig elak
h)un Esn enATIRkugyakata. Gkneya:yExrTaMgBIr ylRsbKaGMBI karcaM:c
RtUvmanynkarGnrCatimYy edIm|IRtYtBinitkardkkgT&Bev[tNam . enAkgOkas

enaHEdr elakh)un Esn k* :nCYbsnnaCamYy elak sWn san pgEdr.
z 7
sPa ; Exr Rkhm dakRKabEbk kMeTc sanBIr enAtampv PMeBj_:tdMbg .
z 15-18 sPa ; TsSnkicCapvkar rbs elak h&,r:techV GK<elxaZikar
neratm sIhnu esI CYbelak h)un Esn enA TIRkugyakata enAz 2 sPa. z
bkSkumynis sUev[t enATIRkugebkaMg. KWWCaTsSnkicelIkTI 1 bnabBI kardac
RbeTs kmCa enAdMNacExkJa . z 6 emsa ; semc neratm sIhnu esI sMu
eKR:beQaHExrenAbreTs EdlcUlTATIRkugPMeBj. z 18 sPa ; enAkgGg<
5 emsa ; TIRkughaNUy CUndMNwgza eK nwgdkkgT&B rbseK GsecjBI
TMnakTMngKa enAqaM 1959. z 17 sPa ; semc neratm sIhnu esIsMuo
oRbeTs:raMg ebIksnisITGnCatimYy. z 7 emsa ; RbeTs:raMg beJj
RbCMukMBUlmYy enATIRkugebkaMg rvag cin nig shPaB sUev[t KUPaKITaMgsgxag
sIhnu nig elak h)un Esn eRKageZIV enAz 2 sPa. RbeTs:raMg GbGrsaTr
kMuoman sRg<ampkgenAkmCa ehIyedIm|IsRmYldl karCanaKavijrvag Exr nig
kareBjcit rbs eKcMeJH kardkkgT&Bev[tNam nig CMnYb rvag semc neratm
pgEdr GMBI karebIkGg<RbCMu rvag KUPaKIExr ehIy snaza nwg er[bcM snisIT
333
:nylRBmKa katbny CMnYybreTs eTAoRkumExr enAkgRsuk edIm|Iec[svag

Exr. z 1 mizuna ; elak rULg Duymas rdmRnIkarbrTs:raMg CYbelak GalI
334
GaLatasS rdmRnI karbreTs NeNsIu enATIRkug:rIs edIm|I er[bcMsnisIT
TIRkugvasIugetan smaCGaemrikGnuJat odwkGavuZeTAoRkumExr minEmnkumynis
kareC]nel]n . z 3 mizuna ; karbHe:r nisSitcinEdl niymlTiRbCaZibety
Tahan Garmrik nigGgeKs eZVIkarbgathVwkhVWneyaZa. z 21 kk,da ; enATI
eZVIoman karbgrQam mYy Ca RbvtisaRs ehIy EdleKehAza niTaXrdUv
cMnYnkgT&B
GnrCatimYy enATIRkug:rIs enAkgkrNIEdlkarcrca rvag KUPaKIExr TaMg 4 man

enATIval et[n Ganemn TIRkug ebkaMg. kmaMgeyaZaeZIVkarbRg,ab:tukmCaehtu
TIRkugebkaMg . z 16 mizuna ; RbeTsz CYsCulpvreTHePIg EdlcgPab
GarJ:ezt eTAnwgTlEdnExr . z 20 eTA z 23 mizuna ; elakegV[g kU zac
rdmRnIkarbreTsev[tNam eZIVTsSnkic enARbeTs:raMg edIm|IpSa PabmitPaB

rvagRbeTsTaMgBIreLIgvij . z 25 mizuna ; semc neratm sIhnu EdlKgenA
TIRkugBgyag RbeTskUer xageCIg RTaMRT swgmin:n GMBIkarEdlRBHGg< min
EmnCa dKU crca CamYyRbeTs mhaGMNac . RBHGg<:nKMramza RBHGg<nwgmin

cUlrYmkgsnisITGnr
CatienATIRkug:rIseLIy
ebIRbeTsmYycMnYnenAEtsMrYl
dl rbbTIRkug PMeBj . z 5 mizuna ; enATIRkugebkaMg semc neratm sIhnu
Rbkan
CMhr rbs ExrRkhm edayTamTaro kardkkgT&B ev[tNam sitenA
eRkamkarRtYtBinitrbs Gg<karshRbCaCati ehIysMuorMlayrd:l rdkmCa

ecalTaMgRsug. TnwmenaHEdr RBHGg<Rbkas minTTYls<al rdZmnuJ n rbbrd
kmCa edaysMGagza manTahanev[tNamcMnYn 3 mWunnak enAkgCYrkgT&B n

rbbenaH RBmTaMgman kgCIvBl
85
ev[tNam cMnYn 10mWun nak nig CnGena
Rbevsn 1 lan nakpgeT[t . z 18 eTA 23 kk,da ; enATIRkugPMeBj manebIk
sikasala GnrCati mYysIBI karRbl&yBUCsasn . z 20 kk,da ; enA
85
vcnanuRkm :raMg-Exr
rbs
kgCIvBl mkCaJk:raMgza
ERbmk Ca:raMg za
elak
milice
Rogatien Rondineau
bkERbJk
. rIJk kgsV&yRtaN elak bk
unit dautodfense dUecHvij .

335
n rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCa RbCaZibety . TnwmenaH enAkgCMrM ExrRkhm nay

Rkug:rIs semc neratm sIhnu esIsMuo kgT&B n KUPaKIExrnImYy> katbny
mkRtwmcMnYn
1 mWunnak.
eRkABIsMeNIepSg>eT[t EdlRBHGg<:n
elIkeLIgkalBI z 5 mizuna enATIRkugebkaMg RBHGg<:nEzgza ebITukExrRkhmo
enAeRkAc|ab KWCaeRKaHzakmYyZM sRmabRbeTskmCa . z 24 kk,da ; eRkay

CMnYbTI 5 rvag semc nera tm sIhnu nig elak h)un Esn Gkneya:yTaMg
BIryleXIjza eKBMu:nQandl kaRsuHRsYl GVINamYyeLIy KWW sitenAcMeJH
muxkarraMgsH dEdl . semc sIhnu ecaT elak h)un Esnza minRBmTTYlyk

eKalkarN BhubkS rI elak h)un Esn vij elakecaT semc sIhnu za
e:HmYyCMhaneTAmux ehIyBIrCMhan zyeRkay. elak h)un Esn ecaTRbkan
Gg<kar shRbCaCati za manlMeG[g taMgBIqaM 1979 mk . z 25_27 kk,da ;
KUPaKIExrTaMg 4 CYbRbCMuKa enA Esl saMg Kd
86
RbeTs:raMg . enAz 27
kk,da enaHEdr elak h)un Esn CYbsnna CamYyelak rUkad rdmRnITI 1 :raMg .
z 30 kk,da _ 1 sIha ; snisITGnrCati sIBI bJaExr ebIkGg<RbCMu enATIRkug
:rIs eRkamGZibtIPaB nshRbZanBIrrrUb KWW elak rULg Duymas rdmRnI
karbreTs:raMg nig elak GalI GaLatasS rdmRnIkarbreTs RbeTsN
eNsIu. z 27 sIha ; semc neratm sIhnu sMulaElg BImuxtMENg RbZan
KNbkSraCaniym hVnsIunebc edIm|IsMEdgkarminsBVRBHh#T&y nwg kar:k
EbkKa kgKNbkS rbsRBHGg< . z 28 sIha ; RbCMueBjGg< n snisIT
GnrCati TIRkug:rIs . z 30 kk,da ; snisITTIRkug:rIs pakGg<RbCMu eRJHEt
86
Celle-Saint-Cloud
336
rkRckecjminrYc kgbJaGg<karcattaMg rcnasm&nGMNacmYysRmabGnrkal.
tula ; ExrRkhm vayykTIRkugblin :n. xagkgT&B sIhnuniym eKvayyk
bsK<cm|g KWlknik;ExrRkhm . enAkg OkasenaH semc neratm sIhnu
PMRsuk :n.
RbeTskmCa CnCatiev[tNamCaeRcIn naMKavilRtLbeTARsukeKvij edayxacman
biTcracrN eBlraRtIsaCazIeT[t bnabBI:nebIkenAz 6 sPa . z 3 vicika
pvkar cMnYn 2 mWun 6 Jnnak . GkaEst nig Gkseg,tkarN* 250 nak :n
8 vicika ; RbeTsGgeKseC]za ev[tNam BitCa :ndkkgT&BecjBIkmCaEmn.
ev[tNames{kJksIuvil bg,bxn cMnYn 5 mWun nakeT[t EdlmineTARsukvij. z
Gg<kar shRbCaCati Gnum&t jti RbcaMqaMrbsxn
shRbCaCati bJnebskkm mYy mkRsukExr edIm|IBinitemIl kardkkgT&B
nava
esIsMuoQbeRbIJk Rbl&yBUCsasn
(gnocide). z 9 kJa ; enA
karsgswk. z 21_26 kJa ; ev[tNam dkkgT&B EdlenAesssl Ca
mkBinitemIlkardkkgT&BenH . buEn ebIeyagtamRbeTsz manenAsl Tahan
28 kJa; elak h)un Esn naykrdmRnIExr sMuoelak GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar

ev[tNam TaMgGsecj BI RbeTskmCa . z 30 kJa ; kgT&B semc neratm
sIhnu ehA Ga Gin eGs
(A.N.S.) 87 vayRbharyk PMRsuk kgExRtbnayman
C&y. enAzdEdlenaH CamYykgT&B rNsirCati rMedaHBlrdExr :nvay yk

tMbnzBYk
/ sVayeck. rI kgT&BExrRkhm eKQaneTAvayyk blin Etmg .
z 6 tula ; viman bgtaeh<an (RksYgkarBarCati nig esnaZikardan Gaemrik)
:nQanmkdl karsnidanmYyza ebIKit tamTsSn;yuTsaRs eKGacniyay

:nza kgT&Bev[tNam :ndkecjBI kmCa . z 12 tula ; elak suim va
GtItGneya:yExr Edl:nCYyeRCamERCg beg,ItKNbkS RbCaZibety (qaM
1946) TTYlmrNPaB enATIRkug:rIs . enAzdEdlenaH enATIRkugPMeBj man
karcuHhtelxaeTAelIBiZIsar shRbtibtikar rvag mhaviTal&y BIeC_sal
ebtRTIEyr TIRkug:rIs nig mhaviTal&y evCsaRs TIRkugPMeBj . z 22
87
A.N.S. : Arme nationale sihanoukiste . eRkaymk breQaHmk Ca
z 23 tula ; elak day kak smaCikRBwTsPa Gaemrik mk
CYbsnnaCamYy elak h)un Esn enATIRkugPMeBj. z 30 tula ; TIRkugPMeBj
; ExrRkhmvayyk ERtg :n (JkkNalpv cenaH blin nig :tdMbg) . z
z 9 vicika ; karvayrMlM kMEpgTIRkugEb)rLaMg. z 16 vicika ; mhasni:t
sMeLg RbqaMg; 12 sMeLg GnubvaT) tRmUvo rkSaTuk nUvkarhamXatmin oman

dwkTMnijcUlRbeTskmCa
RBmTaMgminoeC]eTAelIkardkkgT&Bev[tNam
pgeT[t. z 20 vicika ; kgT&B rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCaRbCaZibety
(G.C.K.
D.) rYmkmaMgKa TaMg 3 Rkum ebIkyuTnakar vaylukcUleRCAeTA kgedIm|Is,at
kMuokgT&BrdaPi:lelak h)un Esn vayRbharmun:n. kgT&BExrTaMg 3 Rkum
nrdaPi:lcRmuHRbqaMg nwgev[tNam :ncattaMgrNsirmYyRbEvg 160 K. m..
z 22 vicika ; ExrRkhm:n bgMRbCaCn EdlrsenAkgCMrM CneP[ssRg<am exA

LWm oeTAtaMgTIenAkgtMbn CMuvijPM cada EdlBYkeKeTIbnwg vayyk:n. enAz
dEdlenaH kgT&B rNsirCati rMedaHBlrdExr vayyksVayeck:n. z 24
vicika ; elak h,aert GIuevn rdmRnI karbr eTsGURsalI :n elIkeLIgenAcMeJH

muxRBwTsPa GMBIbsK<ZmmYy kgkarGnuvtnEpnkarsniPaBenAkmCa KWkarbeg,It
rdaPi:lGnrkal. elak h,aert GIu evn esIoGg<kar shRbCaCati beg,It
rd:l GnrkalmYy EdlsitenAeRkamGaC\aZr Gg<karshRbCaCati . z 27
vicika ; semc neratm sIhnu Ezgza RBHGg<ylRsb nwg cMNucmYycMnYn n

EpnkarsniPaB rbsRbeTsGURsalI. z 3 Z ; smaKmExr enATIRkug:rIscMnYn
7 :nnaMKabeg,ItRkumneya:ymYyEdlmaneQaHza; shPaBExresrI
A.N.K.I. : Arme nationale pour un Cambodge indpendant .

337
(123 sMeLgylRsb; 17
338
(Union
des Khmers libres) Edlman ninakarRbqaMg nwgrbb EdlKaMRT edayev[tNam.
Edr . z 21 mkra ; ExrRkhm bgMRbCaCn Exr EdlrsenA kgCMrM rbsxncMnYn
edIm|IBiPakSa GMBIEpnkarsniPaB rbsRbeTsGURsalI. z 14 Z ; rNsirCati
tMENgRbZan rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCa RbCaZibety
elakh,aert GIuevn bgaj R:bEpnkar sniPaB rbselak . z 30 Z ; elak
kmCaRbCaZibety
z 10 Z ;elak h)un Esn :nR:bodwgza elak eRt[mlkN;CaeRsc

rMedaHBlrdExr :nGeJIjGkkaEst omkemIl tMbnRbyuT. z 15 Z ;
3 mWunnakoecjeTAc|aMg. z 24 mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu laElg BImux
(G.C.K.D.) . z 3 kum; ;
semc neratm sIhnu R:bo dwgza ExrRkhm suxcitbreQaH rdaPi:lcRmuH
(G.C.K.D.) mkCa rdaPi:lCati kmCa (G.N.K.) . z 6
GalI GaLatasS rdmRnI karbreTs NeNsIu RbkasR:bza nwg mankarebIk
kum; ; enAekaHkug TahancMnYn 250 nak n rbb rdkmCa naMKa bHe:r . z 9
GURsalI .
rbselaknaykrdmRnI h)un Esn . z 12 kum; ; Gg<kar shRbCaCati
snisITmYy enAExkum;qaM1990 edIm|IBiPakSa GMBI EpnkarsniPaB rbs RbeTs
seRmcbeg,ItkmaMgeRt{meZVIParkic
1990
(G.C.
K. D.) . z 7 _ 8 mkra ; elak h)un Esn CYb snnaCamYy elak kaesL .
enAzdEdlenaH ExrRkhmvayRbhar eTAelIExRt:tdMbg . z 11 mkra ; enA

TIRkug:rIs elakRbZana ZibtI:raMg RhVg sV&r mIetrg Ezgza ; karsRmuHsRmYl
CamYy ExrRkhm CakarmYyEdlBMuGacTTYlyk:neLIy. enATIRkugPMeBj elak
h)un Esn rk TahanbEnm o:nCakMhit . z 15_17 mkra ; RbeTs mha
GMNac TaMg5 n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSasnisux rYmRbCMuKaenATIRkug:rIs edIm|I
BiPakSaGMBI EpnkarsniPaBGURsalI ehIyEsVgrkmUldan edIm|Io Gg<kar sh

RbCaCati eZIVGnraKmnbJb GZikrN enA kmCa. z 17 mkra ; enATIRkugebkaMg
semc neratm sIhnu Rbkas za RBHGg< QbcUlrYmkgGg<RbCMu GnrPaKIExr
eT[tehIy . z 18 mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu Ezgza; karbeg,It RkumRbwkSa

CatiCanxs CaKMnit rbs elak h)un Esn nig ev[tNam dUcenH RBHGg< nwg min
RbmdwknaM RkumRbwkSaenaHeLIy ehIy k*nwgminRBmcUl CasmaCik RkumRbwkSaenaH

339
(task force) Cayzaehtu enARbeTskmCa. z
13 _14 kum; ; GktMNag RbeTsmhaGMNac TaMg5 n KNGciRny Gg<kar
z 3 mkra ; elak kaesL GnurdmRnI karbreTs GURsalI mkTIRkug:gkk

bgajEpnkarsniPaB GURsalIdl rdaPi:lcRmuHkmCa RbCaZibety
kum; ; ev[tNam beg,ItkgT&BsRmabeZIVGnraKmn qabrh&s enAkmCa tamsMeNI
shRbCaCati rYmRbCMuKaenATIRkugjIvyk. Gg<RbCMu :nQanmkdl karRsuHRsYl
Ka elI 4 cMNucsMxan> ? 1)
reb[b RtYtBinit kardkkgT&Bev[tNam 2)
karcaM:c n karQb:jKa _ 3) karcaM:c bJbral karplCMnYy eyaZa

dlKUPaKIExrTaMgGs _4) karcaM:c ykkgT&BPaKIExrTaMgGs mkdakCMuKamYy
kEng. z 18 kum; ; enAkgCMnYb Gg<karesdkic GWrub_Gas)an enA KUCIg RbeTs

maeLsIu bNaRbeTs nshKmnGWrub :nR:bodwgza eKQbKaMRTo rdaPi
:lCati
(G.N.C.) man Gasn;enAGg<kar shRbCaCati bneTAeT[tehIy. z
21 kum; ; CMnYbTI 6 rvag elak h)un Esn nig semc neratm sIhnu enA
TIRkug:gkk . GkTaMgBIr:nRsuHRsYlKa GMBI karcaM:c n vtmansmRsb n
Gg<karshRbCaCati enARbeTskmCa enAkgry;kalqgkat ehIy k*ylRsb

GMBIkartRmUvoman RkumRbwkSaCatimYy sRmab tMNagGZibety nig kPaBCati
pgEdr . z 23 kum; ; semc neratm sIhnu R:bzaRBHGg< nwg mkKgenA

RbeTskmCa CasaBr enAkgPUmiesrIPaB kgtMbn kankab eday kgT&BCati
niym sIhnuu
(A.N.S.) . enAzdEdlenaH kgT&B rdkmCa vayyk sVay eck

340
:nmkvij . z 26_28 kum; ; Gg<RbCMu GnrCatimYy sIBI RbeTskmCaEdl
zI :nRtUvcabxn . xHeT[tRtUvcabbgM ocUlnivtn ehIyxHeT[tRtUvpas ecj .
xag rdaPi:lCatixag rdkmCa GktMNagRbeTsTaMg 6 nsmaKmRbCaCati
kgT&BExr CMnan saZarNrdExr nig CaGtItsmaCik rNsirCatirMedaHBlrd
sitenAkgRkbxNnsnisITTIRkug:rIs:nRtUvebIkenATIRkugyakata. GktMNag
GasIuGaeKy RbeTslav RbeTsev[tNam RbeTsGURsalI RbeTs:raMg nig
GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar
shRbCaCati :ncUlrYmRbCMu . PaKIExr TaMg 4 rkSaTItaMg
z 24 sPa ; tmesnIy saks)ut saxn GtIt embJakaresnaZikardan
Exr rbs elak sWn san beg,It KNbkSesrIniym RbCaZibety . z 25
sPa ; GktMNagRbeTs mhaGMNac TaMg 5 n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSasni
rbseKer[g> xndEdl. z 6 mina ; elak qaTIq Cnhav&n rdmRnITI 1 z
sux Gg<kar shRbCaCati rYmRbCMuKaenATIRkugjIvyk edIm|IelIkeLIg nUv lkxN
ec[svag kMuoman karKabsg,t neya:y . z 12_13 mina ; RbeTsmha
Gg<kar shRbCaCati _karbJbralCMnYybreTs dlPaKIExrnImYy> _ kare:H
esIobeg,ItCMrMGBaRkwtmYy sRmab CnRCkekanExrenATlEdn KWW enAkgeKaledA

GMNacTaMgR:M n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati ebIk
Gg<RbCMu enATIRkug:rIs. Gg<RbCMu ylRsbKaGMBI GPiRkme:Heqat. z 30 mina
; ebskkmbeckeTs elIkTI 2 rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati enAkmCa edIm|I
sikSakareRt{mlkN; eZIVRbtibtikar Cayzaehtu . z 8 dlz 25 emsa ;
CamUldan sRmaboGkdwknaMExreKarBdUcCa; karRtYtBinitkarQb:jKa eday

eqatedayesrIeRkamkarbtm rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati nig eKarBkare:Heqat
o:neT[gTat _ kareRCIserIsyk rbb neya:ymYy EdleKarBsiTimnusS
nig esrIPaBCamUldan _ karZanaGnrCati nUvkraCbUN(PaBEdndI GBaRkwtPaB

nig kPaBCati. z 29 sPa ; semc neratm sIhnu vilmkdwknaM rdaPi:l
karRbyuTKa mansPaBxaMgkaCaTIbMput. z 12 emsa ; kgT&BGakas rbb rd
CatikmCa vij . z 4_5 mizuna ; CMnYbTI 7 rvag elak h)un Esn nwg semc
ehtueZIVosemc neratm sIhnu RtUvbgMcit cakecjBI PUmiesrIPaB . z 20_
nkgT&B
kmCa TmakRKabEbk yagxaMgka eTAelITItaMgkgT&B nKUPaKIExrTaMg 3 eT[t Ca
sIhnu EdlmgenH RbRBwteTAenA TIRkugtUk. z 19 mizuna ; RbtibtikarswkrYm

niymsIhnu
25emsa ; TsSnkic enAkmCa rbs KNRbtiPU sPa GWrub dwknaMedayelak kd
enAtamkEng
cin plGavuZ d*snwksnab oExrRkhm. z 7 sPa ; semc neratm sIhnu
rbseK. z 1 kk,da ; ExrRkhm vayRbhareTAelI rzePIgmYy EdlecjBI
ssug. z 3 sPa ; RksYgkarbreTs shrd Gaemrik R:bodwgza RbeTs

RbkaslaElg
BImuxtMENgRbZan
rdaPi:lCatikmCa
nanaeT[t
(A.N.S.) nwg kgT&BExr Rkhm CMuvij kMBgZM nig

dUcCa
kMBgqaMg
kMBt
kMBgsW
karRbyuTTaMgenH
bNaloRbCaCn RbmaN 15 mWunnak kgTUTaMgRbeTs rtecalpHsMEbg PUmiXMu
(G.N.C.). z 17
kMBgesam eTATIRkugPMeBj bNaloGkdMeNIr 26 nak :tbgCIvit ehIy 52
nisiStev[tNamGsry;eBl 2 s:h. nisSitExr 580 nak vilRtLbmk
Exrnigbsimelak mankar:rmyagxaMg xacExrRkhm vilmkvij. z 5 kk,da ;
sPa ; nisSitExr EdleTAer[n enAsklviTal&yTIRkughaaNUy TasETgnwg
RsukExrvij . z 21 sPa ; GktsU) kumynis enAkg KNbkS RbCaCn
bdivt kmCa eZIVkarkatbnyTiBl elak h)un Esn enAkg kariyal&y neya

:y
(Bureau politique). sSrCn 6 rUbEdlRtUvsgS&yza naMKabeg,It KNbkS

341
nakRtUv rbYs nig 10 nak :txn . karvayRbhar cugeRkayenH eZIVoRbCaCn

rdaPi:lswgburI seRmcdkhUtlixitqgEdn BI GnikCn EdlcgeTArksIuenARsuk
Exr. z 15 kk,da ; ExrRkhm vayRbhar eTAelIrzePIg PMeBj_ :tdMbg enA
RtgRsuk Twkpus ExRtkMBgqaMg bNalomnusS 53 nak :tbgCIvit nig rab

342
rynakRtUvrbYs. kg cMeNamGkcugeRkayenH xHsab enAmnIreBT. z 16_17
xN. PaKI ExrTaMg 4 ylRBmTaMgGsKa . elak h)un Esn nig elakex[v
sux Gg<kar shRbCaCati rYmRbCMuKa enATIRkug:rIs. kmvt nkarBiPakSa ? Rkum
:gkk. karEtgtaMg semc neratm sIhnu CasmaCik TI 13 n RkumRbwkSa eZIV
kk,da ; GktMNagRbeTsmhaGMNacTaMg 5 n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSasni
RbwkSaCatiCanxs tMNagGZibetykmCa RBmTaMgbJaeyaZa . z 18 kk,da ;

elak eym ebEKr rdmRnIkarbreTs shrd Gaemrik seRmcQbKaMRT rdaPi
:lCatikmCa (GtItrdaPi:l cRmuH kmCa RbCaZibety
G.C.K.D.) oman
sMpn cabdKa. z 18_20 kJa ; Gg<RbCMuRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs enATIRkug

omankarraMgsH eRJHman kar:ttulPaB . z 12 tula ; Gasn;kmCa enA
Gg<kar
shRbCaCati
sitenATMenr
buEn
ExrRkhm
xMRbwgERbgTamTaryk
Gasn;o rdaPi:lCati bneTAeT[t enATIsakkar Gg<kar shRbCaCati enATI
Gasn;enA Gg<kar shRbCaCati . elak ebEKr k*:nseRmcpgEdr beg,Inkar
RkugjIvyk
TIRkughaNUysI BIbJaExr . z 20 kk,da ; eyageTAtam Bt(man EdleKpl
Rkhm :nvayRbhar eTAelI ezePIg EdlecjdMeNIrBI kMBgesam eTAPMeBj.
plCMnYy mnusSZm( dlRbeTskmCa nigcabepIm ebIkkarRbRs&yTakTg CamYy

eTAoRBWTsPaGaemrik CMnYyEdlRbeTscinkumynis pleTAoExrrkhm man
cMnYnKitCaTwkR:k
100
lan
dular
24
kk,da ;
rdmRnIkarbreTs
bNaRbeTsGas)an minylRsb nwg neya:y shrdGaemrik EdlRbkas
eRJHmanesckIseRmccitmYy
EdlKaMRTkarxMRbwgERbgenH :nRtUv
Gnum&teday mhasni:t Gg<kar shRbCaCati. enAJkkNalExtulaenaH Exr
GkdMeNIr 50 nak RtUv:tbgCIvit . z 25 tula ; braC&y n dMeNaHRsay

Rkhm
(solution rouge). karts)Umti enAkgRkumCnkumynis n rbb ehg
sMrwn edIm|IeZIVkarpSHpSa rvag CnkumynisdUcKa (ExrRkhmxag bul Bt nig Exr
enAz 18 kk,da. z 5 sIha ; elak eym ebEKr rdmRnIkarbreTs shrd
Rkhm xag ehg sMrwn) :nRtUvelakh)un Esn Rcanecal eTaHbI mankarKaMRTBI
3 rUbn rdaPi:lCatikmCa eRt{mlkN;CaeRsc edIm|IcUlrYm kgGg<RbCMu
kaMePIgZM dlExrRkhm . z 24_25_26 vicika ; GtMNagRbeTsmhaGMNac
Gg<RbCMu RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMgR:M n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar
TIRkug:rIs . z 21_23 Z ; smaCikTaMg 12 rUb n RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs
Gaemrik R:bo dwg GMBI karcrca CamYy rdkmCa . z 22 sIha ; GkdwknaM

CamYy rbb rdkmCa edIm|Ibeg,ItRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs . z 27_ 28 sIha ;
shRbCaCati
enATIRkugjIvyk :nQan
mkdl
karkPaBKasIBI
TIRkugebkaMg nig TIRkughaNUykI. z 20 vicika ; RbeTscin plbkrN
TaMg5 n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati rYmRbCMuKaenA
ksar_
EdltMNagGZibetyRbeTskmCa rYmRbCMuKa enATIRkug:rIs CamYy shRbZan
eKylRBmTaMgRsug buEnxagrdkmCa eKecaTsYrza etImanPaBlMeG[geT etIkar
Pi:lCatikmCa eKylRBmTTYlykEpnkar rbsRbeTsmhaGMNac TaMg 5
CMnYbkMBUlsmat rvag cin nig ev[tNam enA ecg yU edIm|I dakTMnakTMng Ca
sartI ehIyRtUveKdwkeTAmnIreBT .
RkbxN EdledaHRsayvibti neya:yExrTaMgmUl. xag rdaPi:lCati kmCa
dkhUtGavuZBI PaKIExrRkhm BitCaeZIVeTA:n k* yagNa . z 3_4 kJa ;

RbRktIeLIgvij rvag RbeTsTaMgBIr. z 9_10 kJa ; Gg<RbCMu eRkA pvkarelIkTI
TaMgBIr nsnisITTIRkug:rIs nig GktMNagGg<kar shRbCaCati. xag rda

buEn xag rdkmCa eKenAmankarRbugRby&t. elak h)un Esn xlKrsnb:t
2 enATIRkugyakata rvag KUPaKIExrTaMg 4 . kmvt ; Binit kicRBmeRB{g_Rkb

343
344
1991
elak h)un Esn EdleTIb nwgecjBImnIreBTenATIRkugtUk k*R:bodwgzaelak
z 4 mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu Rbkasza RBHGg< minsitenAkg
cMnYn 7 lan dular dlPaKIExrEdl minEmnkumynis . z 1 sPa ; karcab
dEdl. z 5 mkra ; rdaPi:l rdkmCa minRBmrMlay rcnasm&n rd:l
smaCikRBwTsPa GaemrikenAkmCa . eBlRtLbmk shrd Gaemrikvij elak
qgkat. z 23 kum; ; rdRharenARbeTs z. tmesnIy sucina GkdwknaMeZIV
PMeBj ehIy ExrRkhm RtUvdkecjBI GPiRkmsniPaB . z 15 sPa ;
Rkhm. z 28 kum; ; rdsPa rdkmCa ebIkGg<RbCMu ehIy ecjesckIseRmc
enA OkasebIkGg<RbCMu RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs enAedImEx mizuna . z 18 sPa ;
z 16 mina ; ExrRkhm nig rNsir CatirMedaHBlrdExr rYmKaeZIVRbtibti karswk
Epnkar rbs RbeTsmhaGMNac TaMg 5 n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSasnisux
rdaPi:l kgkarvayyk blin mkvij . z 30 mina ; karebIkpvGakascrN
ez,aleTas
k*TTYlylRBmEdr .
KNbkSneya:yNamYyeT buEn RBHGg<sitenACaRbZan rdaPi:lCatikmCa

nig kgT&Brbsxn munkare:HeqateT eRJH minTukcit ExrRkhmenAkgry;eBl
z 29 emsa ; shrd Gaemrik plCMnYy KitCaTwkR:k
epIm n karQb:jKa enAkmCa . z 3 sPa ; TsSnkic elak yun EKrI
:nR:bodwgza shrd Gaemrik RtUvmankariyal&y sRmabTakTgKamYy enA
rdRbharEzgza ; ebIRbeTskmCa cgedaHRsaybJa RtUvEckGMNac CamYy Exr
RbeTsNeNsIu yagsemc neratm sIhnu mkeZIVTsSnkic enATIRkugyakata
citmYy riHKn KeRmag EpnkarkicRBmeRB{g rbs RbeTs mhaGMNac TaMg 5 .
ExrRkhmKMramza nwgecjRbyuTsaCazIeT[t ebIrdkmCa minylRBm TTYlyk
TbTl nwg kgT&BrdaPi:l enA zBYk . z 25 mina ; braC&y rbs kgT&B
Gg<kar shRbCaCati. z 20 sPa ; rbb rdkmCa R:rB yagGZikGZm Tiva
eLIgvij rvag TIRkugPMeBj nig TIRkug:gkk . z 5_8 emsa ; TsSnkic rbs
elak RbZanaZibtI:raMg RhVgsV&r mIetrg eZIVTsSnicenAkmCa . elakRsI :nCYb
Gaemrik elIrn k&rNW enARbeTskmCa ehIyCYbsnna CamYy elak Ca sIum
rvag elak h)un Esn nig semc neratm sIhnu enATIRkugyakata . GkTaMg
mnusSZm( cMnYn 1 lan 3 Esn 6 mWun dulardl rdkmCa .
z 20 emsa ;
tMNagGZibety RbeTskmCaenAkgry;eBlqgkat GMBIkarBnaeBl karQb
nig elak GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar sh
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs ebIkGg<RbC MuenATIRkugyakata eRkamGZibtIPaB n sh
26 emsa ; enATIRukug:gkk enAeBlCYbsnna CamYyelakrdmRnITI 1 z Ga
karRyuTKamYy pHeLIg rvagExrRkhm nig kgT&B rdkmCa enACMuvijblin . KWCa
R:bodwgza PaKIrbsxn ylRBmTTYlykkarQb:jKa . enAz dEdlenaH
semc sIhnu Rbkasza RBHGg< eRt{mlkN;CaeRsc edIm|IeqIytb eTAnwg kar
smaCikRBwTsPa shrd Gaemrik Rkam nig mak ekn RBmTaMg GnurdmRnIrg

elak h)un Esn nig elak eha NaMhug . z 8 emsa ; RbeTsCbunplCMnYy
rbbRbl&yBUCsasn.
28_
31
sPa ;elakRsIPriya
snnaCamYy elak h)un Esn nig elak eha NaMhug. z 1 mizuna ; CMnYb
BIrsuxcitylRBm
GMBI
GZibtIPaB
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs
(CNS) Edl
elak h)un Esn cUlBa:leraK 1 s:h enATIRkugtUk RbeTsCbun . z 22
:jKa nig GMBI karpacCMnYy breTsoGsBI PaKInImYy> . z 2 _ 3 mizuna ;
RbCaCati GMJvnavomankarQb:jKa enAkmCa cabtaMgBIz 1 sPa. z
RbZan TaMgBIr n snisIT TIRkug:rIs KW :raMg nig NeNsIu . z 4 mizuna ;
Nn :n yarCn elak ex[v sMpn RBHGg<mas rN#Ti nig elak sWn san
karrMelaPeTAelI
emsa ; RbeTs:raMg RbeTsNeNsIu
345
eKalkarN
Qb:jKa
346
elIkdMbUgbgs.
mizuna ;
Edlelak h)un Esn :nyagRBHGg< eTATIRkugPMeBj. z 7 mizuna ; elak
dMeNaHRsayminRKbRCugeRCay n GZikrNExr kayCadMeNaHRsayRkhm .
kag KIcin rdmRnI karbreTscin riHKn Gakb|kiriya rbsExrrRkhm edaycMh .
z 23 sIha ; enATIRkug :gkk elak sU Ducsin GnurdmRnI karbreTscin
RbeTsz eZIVkarKabsg,teTAelIRbeTscin ocineZIVkarKabsg,tbn eTAelIExr
dMeNaHRsayRkhm eT . elak :nbJaknUvkarKaMRTrbs RbeTscincMeJH
z 10_17 mizuna ; TsSnkic elak CasIum enATIRkug:rIs. z 11 mizuna ;
Rkhm edIm|IoExrRkhm Rbkanriyabz ecHbtEbntamsankarN. z 24_26
mizuna ; Gg<RbCMuRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs enA :taya RbeTsz . semc neratm

sIhnu dwknaMGg<RbCMuenH CaelIkdMbUgbgs . z 11 kk,da ; RbeTscinGeJIj
elak h)un Esn eTAeZIVTsSnkic CapvkarenA RbeTscin . z 16_17 kk,da ;
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs ebIkGg<RbCMu enATIRkugebkaMg . KWCaelIkdMbUgbgsehIy
eZVIkarEktRmUvza dMeNaHRsay GZikrNExr EdlkMBugeZIVdMeNIrkar minEmn Ca

Epnkar rbs RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMgR:M n KNGciRny RkumRbwkSa snisux
Gg<kar shRbCaCati. enATIRkughSWENv GnuKNkmkar siTimnusS Gg<kar sh

RbCaCati TTYls<alCaelIkdMbUgbgsza BitCaman GMeBIRbl&yBUCsasn nig
GMeBIRkidRbqaMg nwg mnusSCatiiEmn enAkmCa enAsm&yExrRkhmkanGMNac .

z 31 sIha ;TwkCMnn enARsukExr. mnusS 110 nak :tbgCIvit.
z 5
Edlelak h)un Esn mkRbeTscin RbCamanitu . z 18 kk,da ; GktMNag
kJa ; RbeTscin RbkasQbplCMnYyoExrRkhm buEnbnplCMnYyesdkic .
Cati ebIkGg<RbCMuenATIRkugebkaMg edIm|IeqIytbeTAnwg karGMJvnavrbs RkumRbwkSa
NamenATIRkugebkaMg. KWCadMNakkarTI 2 n GPiRkmsniPavUnIykm rvag RbeTs
19 kk,da ; smaKm RbCaCati GasIuGaeKy TTYls<alRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs .
tI :raMg RhVgsV&r mIetrg . z 16 kJa ; CMnYb rvag semc neratm sIhnu nig
RbeTsmhaGMNacTaMg 5 n KNGciRnyRkumRbwkSa snisux Gg<kar shRbCa

CatiCanxs oGg<karshRbCaCati eTAbMeBj ebskkm enARbeTskmCa . z
z 20_21 kk,da ; semc sIhnu nigelak h)un Esn eZIVTsSnkicenA RbeTs

kUerxageCIg . z 22_24 kk,da ; TsSnkic Capvkar rbselak h)un Esn enA
z 10 kJa ; karsnna rvagrdmRnI karbreTs cin nigrdmRnIkarbreTs ev[t
TaMgBIr. z 14 kJa ; CMnYbrvag semc neratm sIhnu nig elak RbZanaZib
elak h)un Esn enATIRkugjIvyk. RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs :nTTYlGasn; enA
Gg<kar shRbCaCati. z 19 kJa ; Gg<RbCMuRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxsenA TIRkugjIv
saZarNrd RbCamanitu cin. z 24 kk,da ; shrd Gaemrik GMJvnav oman
yk CamYy GktMNag Gg<kar shRbCaCati ; karrkeXIj nUvdMeNaHRsaysIBI
ebkaMgeq{tyk dMeNaHRsayRkhm mkCMnYs. shrd Gaemrik bJakehIy
Gnuvt EtenAtamExRtnImYy> EtbueNaH . z 24 kJa; semc neratm sIhnu
karRbugRby&t cMeJH karedaHRsayEt PaKxH n GZikrNExrKWWbeNayo TIRkug
bJakeT[t GMBIlkN; sMxan n kare:Heqat edayesrI nwgeT[gTat . z 27
kk,da ; kar:jKa rvagGkkarJrsnisux elak Ca sIum nwg Gg<rkS rbselak

h)un Esn . z 10 sIha ; RbeTs cin nig RbeTsev[tNam dak TMnakTMngKa
CaRbRktIeLIgvij. z 22 sIha ; RksYgkarbreTsshrd Gaemrik tamry;
elak saLmug bkarI elakeym ebEKr :n beJjodwg GMBIkar:rmxacERkg

347
kare:Heqat ? PaKIExrRsuHRsYlKaykkare:Heqat reb[bsmamaRt buEn sRmab
CYbsnna enATIRkug jIyk CamYyelak b)Us88 RbZanaZibtI shrd Gaemrik .
elak b)Us sMEdgkar:rm xacERkg ExrRkhm vilmkkanGMNacvij. semc
88
elak b)UsS Buk elak vlEKr b)Us CaRbZanaZibtI shrd Gaemrik BIqaM
1988_1992 .
348
neratm sIhnu R:belak b)Us vijza KW elak h)un Esn eT EdlnwgQH enA
eZIVkarts)U bn eT[tehIyesIoman GktMNagrYmKa kgkare:Heqat . z 16
sPaRbcaMqaM n Gg<kar ZnaKarBiPBelak . elak sWn san :nRtUvcattaMg
nigRBHGg<mas neratm rN#TiCa kUn RBHGg< TaMgBIr . RBHGg< :nez,aleTas
kgkare:Heqat enAkgeBlxagmux. z 10 tula ; RbeTskmCa cUlrYmkg Gg<
vicika ; semc neratm sIhnu Ezg enAcMeJHmuxRbCaCnExrza ; elak h)un Esn
otMNagRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxsenAkgGg<sPaenaH. sUmbJakzaeRkayqaM 1974
karQanJn
eT. z 17_18 tula ; KNbkS RbCaCnbdivtkmCa ebIkmhasni:t visa
sIhnu RTg:nEzgza RBHGg<BMuylTas BI karykExrRkhm eTAotulakar kat
mkTlnwgqaM 1991 enaH RbeTskmCa KanGktMNagrbs xnenAkgGg<karenaH

mJrbsxn . KWenAkg mhasni:t enHehIy Edl KNbkS RbCaCnbdivt
rbskgT&Bev[tNam
buEn
RTgbJkpgEdrza
ebIKankgT&Bev[t
Nam eyIgTaMgGsKasab:tGseTAehIy. enAkgOkasenaHEdr semc neratm
eTaseT . z 17 vicika ; KNRbtiPUExrRkhmmYy dwknaMeday sun esn
kmCa :nbreQaHmkCa KNbkS RbCaCnkmCa dUckalBIqaM 1962 ehIy
mkdlTIRkugPMeBj. z 20 vicika ; rdaPi:l rdkmCa nig KNbkS RbCa
siTimnusS. KWtaMgBIeBlenaHmkEdr Edlelak Ca sIum RtYvEtgtaMg CaRbZan
har z 18 minaqaM1970 ehIyTTYls<al semc neratm sIhnu CaRbmuxrd .
br TsSn;esdkic makSniym mkCa esdkic pSar nigRbkaseKarB eKalkarN
KNbkS ehIyelak h)un Esn CaGnuRbZan . z 16 tula ; RkumRbwkSasnisux

Gg<kar
shRbCaCati
beg,ItGg<kar
mIeRbnuc
(MIPRENUC)
sRmabeZIV
ebskkm er[bcMGnraKmn rbsGg<kar shRbCaCati enAkmCa. z 23 tula ;
snisITGnrCati TIRkug:rIs ; rdaPi:lcMnYn 18 RBmTaMg RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs

pg cuHhtelxa eTAelIkicRBmeRB{g EdledaHRsay bJaGZikrNExr Casrub
CnkmCa
pSay
esckIEzgkarNrYmmYyez,aleTasGVIEdlBYkeKehAza
rdRb
z 22 vicika ; RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs ebIksm&yRbCMu enATIRkugPMeBj . enAkg
Gg<RbCMu eKBMueXIjvtman rbs GktMNagExr RkhmeT . z 23 vicika ; semc

neratm
sIhnu
ebc nigKNbkS
Rbkasbeg,It
RbCaCn
rdaPi:lcRmuHmYyEdlmanKNbkS
hVnsIun
cUlrYmKa. elak sWn san RbkasdUecHvijza mun
kare:HeqatRkumRbwkSaCati Canxs Ca rdaPi:lEtmYyKt enAkmCa. z 26
Etmg. z 25 tula ; Gg<RbCMuRkum RbwkSaCatiCanxs enATIRkug:rIs . z 30
vicika ;
RbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati KaMRT kicRBmeRB{gz 23 tula ehIy
Rsbc|ab nig eBjsiTi nRbeTskmCa taMgBIqaM 1960mk . z 27 vicika ;
tula ; rbbrdkmCa edaHElgGkeTascMnYn 1034 nak . z 31 tula ; Rkum
cattaMg oelak GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati er[bcM eZIVGnraKmn enA

kmCa . z 11 vicika ; elak h)un Esn eZIVdMeNIr eTATIRkugebkaMg edIm|Iyag
semc neratm sIhnu vilRtLbmkRsukExrvij. z 14 vicika ; semc neratm
sIhnu yagmkTIRkugPMeBj bnabBI KgenA breTs Gsry;eBlCag 12 qaM .

z 15 vicika ; ExRkhm GMJv navosmasPaB rdaPi:lcRmuH kmCaRbCaZib
ety manKNbkS hVnsIunebc nig rNsirCatirMedaHBlrdExr CaedIm

349
kariyal&y
RbZanRkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs
ecjpSay
esckICUndMNwg
mYy bJakza KUPaKIExrTaMg 4 EzgCapvkar za semc neratm sIhnu CaRbmuxrd
elakex[vsMpnRtLbmkRsukExrvij. :tukr mYyRkum:nnaMKavay elak ex[v

sMpn Ebkk|alecjQam. eTaHbImanGnraKmn BIrdGMNackI elak ex[v sMpn
seRmcvileTATIRkug:gkkvij. z 3 Z ; RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs ebIkGg<RbCMu

enA :taya RbeTsz.
z 5 Z ; enA :taya semc neratm sIhnu Ezgza ;
sm&nPaB rvag KNbkS hVnsIunebc nwg KNbkS RbCaCn minnaM eTArk

karbeg,It rdaPi:lcRmuH munkare:HeqateLIy eRJHRBHGg< Tukcit elak h)un
350
Esn Et 50% bueNaH . z 13 Z ; GkdwknaM Exr RkhmRbCMuKaenACit blin
nuc RbjabcuHeZIVGnraKmn . z 25 mkra ;semc neratm sIhnu GHGagza
eZIV:tukmez,aleTas GMeBIBukrlYy. mnusS11 nak:tbgCIvit ehIysalaer[n
EdlRtUvdk hUtBIGMNac enAqaM 1981 vilRtLbmkrsenA kgExRttaEkvvij.
edIm|IeZIVkarvaytm karGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{gsniPaB. z 17_23 Z ; nisSit
nig sklviTal&y RtUvbiTTVar. z 30 Z ; Gg<RbCMuelIkdMbUgbgsenAPMeBj n

RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs .
ZnaKar
mYy xan mn nig yg h)n. bnabBI :nCYbelak zVaynIj kGK<rdTUt sh
bnabBIRtUvbiTTVar enA Exemsa qaM 1975. z 4 mkra ; shrd Gaemrik ebIko

manTMnakTMngJNiCkm CamYy kmCavij bnabBIRtUvkatpac enAqaM 1975.
6 mkra ; semc sIhnu R:bodwgza RBHGg< :nTTYlR:k btm BIRbeTscin
cMnYn 30 mWundular kg 1 qaM> . z 9 mkra ; elak yas)UsIu GakasIu :n

RtUvEtgtaMgCa GktMNagBiess rbs elakGK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati
. z 14 mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu sEmg karminsBVRBHh#T&y cMeJH
karrMelaPkicQb:jKa
minQbQr
RBHGg<
KMramza
karcabkMeNIt nsmaKm
ADHOC. KWCasmaKm karJrsiTimnusS TI 1 Edl
RBHGg< cglaElg BImuxtMENg RbZanRkumRbwkSaCati Canxs. z 17 mkra ;
ekIteLIgenARsukExr ehIyEdlmanelak Zn saray CaRbZan.
z 21 mkra ;
karvayRbharGukLk rbsExrRkhm enAkMBgZM. Gg<kar mIeRbnuuc bJnkgT&B
mYyGg<PaBeTAbRg,ab. mnusS 21 nak :tbgCIvit ehIyRbCaCn 1 mWun nak rt

ecalpHsEm|g. z 22 mkra ; elak eT[ b)unLg GkTTYlxusRtUv kickar
sasna n rbbrdkmCa :nRtUveKeZIVXat. elak:neZIV karriHKn GMeBIBukrlYy

yagcasd . enAzdEdlenaHsemc neratm sIhnu RTgesIsMu oGg<kar GaRbU
351
ehIyEdlCamitmak rbs elak h)un Esn :nRtUveK bunbgeZIVXat. mun bTv
kayeTACaGkmanR:krablan. elak maneKalbMNg beg,ItbkSmYyzIeT[t Ca
n RbeTskmCa (ZnaKarkNal) cabdMeNIr kareLIgvij
BIsMNakExrRkhm.
z 28 mkra ; elak Guwg pn GtItkmaPi:l rbbsaZarNrdRbCamanitukmCa
ehtuenH elak Gwug pn :neZIVkarriHKn kmaPi:l kumynis mYycMnYn Edl:n
1992
z 1 mkra ;
GsmankgT&Bev[tNam eT[tehIy enAkmCa. z 26 mkra ; elak Ebn suvN
rdGaemrik elak Gwug pnRtUvelak h)un Esn oeTA sakGaRs&y enApHelak

edIm|IRsYlkarJrsnisux. KWenAeBlenaHehIy Edl briyakasP&yxac ekItman
eLIg enATUTaMgRbeTs. eyageTAtamkarsnidanxH briyakasenH bNalmkBI
smaCik nGtItKNbkSkumynismYycMnYn EdlmineBjcit nwg KNbkS hVn
sIunebc nig rNsirCati rMedaHBlrd Exr . z 31 mkra ; rdaPi:l elak

h)un Esn eZIVkarpasbr smasPaBsMxan>. mtixHylza KWWCa karrkkledaH
decjBI karRtYtBinit rbsGg<kar GaRbUnuc n Gg<kar shRbCaCati . elak
Ca suT elak b)U zg RtUvdkecj . elak s exg GkCMnitrbselak Ca

sIum nig RBHGg<mascRkBgS :nRtUvEtgtaMg CabnaykrdmRnI rI RBHGg<mas
kSRtI bu:eTvI Ca GnurdmRnIRksYgvb|Zm(. z 6 kum; ;ExrRkhm RbCMuKaenA

blin ehIyseRmc minGnuvt kicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs . z 11 kum; ; TsSn
kic rbselakrdmRnIkarbreTscin enAkmCa.
z 18 kum; ; nikayBuTsasna
TaMgBIrKN; KW KN;mhanikay nig KN;Zmyutiknikay :nRtUvbeg,Itoman
eLIgvij . z 19 kum; ; tmesnIy saks)ut saxn GtItGK<bJakar esna
ZikardankgT&B kgrbb saZarNrdExr :nmkdlTIRkugPMeBj. z 25 kum; ;

karRbyuTKa rvag kgT&BExrRkhm nwgkgT&BraCrdaPi:l kanEtmanlkN;xaMg
352
kaEzmeT[t enAEpkxageCIg nExRtkMBgZM. z 27 kum; ; semc neratm sIhnu
maneQaH za KNbkS esrIniym RbCaZibety BuTsasna
mhasni:trbsxn. KWenAz enaHehIyEdlclnaraCaniym hVnsIunebc ERb
RBmeRB[g sniPaBrhUt. eG[g sarI nig sun esn EdlminylRsbnwgesckI
EtgtaMg CaRbZan. z 28 kum; ; enATIRkugjIvyk RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar
yagxaMgka rvag kgT&B rbbrdkmCa nig kgT&BExrRkhmedIm|IdeNImyk pvCati
yageTA blin. z 27_29 kum; ; enA rMeC[g KNbkS hVnsIunebc ebIk
kayCa KNbkSneya:y eBjlkN;. RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti :nRtUv

shRbCaCati Gnum&t karGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{g sniPaB TIRkug:rIs. TwkR:k
sRmab eZIVkickarenH mancMnYn 2 Jn 8 rylan dular. enAeBldEdlenaH enA
(P.D. L.B.) .
z 30 sPa ; enAkgGgRbCMumYy CitRBMEdnz ExrRkhm seRmc minGnuvtkic
seRmcenH :nRtUveKdkhUt BIParkicrbs xn. z 18 mizuna ; karRbyuTKa

12 KWW pvCati kMBgZM_ RBHvihar. z 19 mizuna ; kgT&Bz ylRsb tam
ExrRkhm ehIy minRBmcUlrYmcMENk kgkardakTNkm eTAelIExrRkhm. z
blin ExrRkhm seRmcsaCazImgeT[tminGnuvt kicRBmeRB{gsniPaB. z 10
22_ 23 mizuna ; snisIT enATIRkugtUk sIBI karksag RbeTskmCa eLIgvij.
z 11 mina ; ExrRkhmeZIV karvayRbharmYy d*xaMgkaenAkMBgZM . z 15 mina ;
karN sg<mraRsniym rbs semc neratm sIhnu. z 30 mizuna ; elak
cMnYn 526 nak enACMrM TI 2 :nRtUvbJnmksIusupun . z 5_6 emsa ; rdsPa
kk,da ; ExrRkhmsmabCanCati ev[tNam 8 nak RBmTaMgkUnxImak enAPUmiTUk
emsa ; :tukm skik eenAPUmi bnayEdk xagekIt TIRkugPMeBj bnabBI RksYg
sMuoExrRkhm bnnriyabz. z 5 sIha ; elak GakasIu GktMNagGK<elxa
elak b)URtUs_b)URtUsh,alI GK<elxaZikarGg<kar shRbCaCati eJIjmkkmCa.
neya:ycabepImcuHeQaH CabeNaHGasn edIm|IQreQaHkgkare:Heqat . z
mina ; GkkaEstmak n rNsirCatirMedaHBlrdExr :nRtUveKbunbgeZIVXat.
zcabepIm nGaNti rbsGg<kar GaRbUnuc. z 30 mina ; CneP[ssRg<amExr
n rbbrdkmCa ebIksm&yRbCMu ? viesaZnkm maRta 61 n rdZmnuJ. z 8
ksikm :nlkdIrbsRbCaCn o shRKasbreTsmYy. z 18_21 emsa ;

z 20 emsa ; RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxsebIkGg<RbCMu . kumRbwkSacuHhtelxa yl
BmTTYlyk
nusJaGnrCatiBIr
enAkgenaH
manGnusJasIBI
z 27 mizuna ; KNbkSRbCaCn Ezgza KNbkSrbseK CakarbnevnBI eKal

Guwg pn n KNbkS RbCaCn cUlCasmaCik KNbkS hVnsIunebc . z 21
mas. z 4 sIha ; GnurdmRnI karbreTscin CYbExrRkhm edaysmat edIm|I
ZikarGg<kar shRbCaCati RbkasoeRbIc|abe:Heqat. z 17 sIha ;KNbkS
21 sIha ; Gg<kar GaRbUnuc BinitemIlsJati nigedImkMeNItn Gkrdkarrbb
kareKarBsiTi
rdkmCa . z 28 sIha ; CnCatiExr RbmaN 10 muWnnak RtUveKkJno
karplR:kcMnYn111 landular sRmabdMeNIrkar rcnasm&n rd:lkmCa. z
RbCaCatiGasIu GaeKy EdlebIkGg<RbCMu enATIRkugyakata CMTas nwg karcattaMg
mnusS enAkgOkasenaHEdr elak ex[v sMpn tMNagPaKIExrRkhm RbqaMgnwg
12 sPa ; RBHGg<mas rN#Ti GHGagza Tahanev[tNam EdlmanvtmanenA
vilRtLbmkRsukExr vij. z 4 kJa ; bNardmRnIkarbreTs n smaKm

kar:Heqat edayKankarcUlrYmBIRkumExrRkhm. z 23 kJa ; RbeTs cinKaMRT
RsukExr mancMnYn 4 mWun nak ehIyRbCaCnev[tNam EdlcUlmkenARsukExr
KMnit oman kare:HeqatEtgtaMgRbmuxrd edaypalEtmg. z 2 vicika ; semc
sni :tenAPMeBj ehIy ERbkayxneTACa KNbkS neya:y eBjlkN;
GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati Rbkas xNrbJb ral skmPaBeyaZa
mancMnYn 1 lan nak . z 21 sPa ; rNsirCatirMedaHBlrdExr ebIkmha
353
neratm sIhnu eZIVdMeNIreTA TIRkugBgyag RbeTs kUerxageCIg . z 15 vicika ;
354
enAelITwkdIExr. z 29 vicika ; CnCatiExr Edl:n rteTARCkekan enA breTs
mina ; ExrRkhm KbRKabEbkeTAelIePaCnIydan ev[tNammYy enATIRkugPMeBj
cMnYn 20 muWnnak :nRtUvbJnmkRsukExrvij . z 30 vicika ; ExrRkhm beg,It
bNalomnusS 2 nak :tbgCIvit ehIy 24 nakRtUvrbYs . ExrRkhm Kb
hamXat mino dwkeRbgnn; eTAoExrRkhm enAkg tMbn EdlBYkenHkankab.
enA zdEdlenaH ExrRkhm vayRbhar eTAelITIsakkar KNbkS hVnsIunebc
KNbkS rYbrYmCatikmCa
(PUNC) . RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati
karnaMecjRBeQI nigt|gRtUvsitenAeRkamkarRtYtBinit rbsGg<kar GaRbUnuc.
CatiCanxs nigGg<kar GaRbUnuc RBmTaMgrbbrdkmCa pgEdr edaymUlehtu
z 8
mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu seRmceZIVshRbtibtikar CamYy Gg<kar GaRbU
nuc bneT[t bnabBI elak GakasIu eTAKalRBHGg< enATIRkugebkaMg . z 18
mkra ; RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti dwknaMk|n:tukm rbs RKYsarEdlTTYlrg

eRKaH edayGMeBIhwgSa neya:y. RBHGg<mas rN#TiRTgecaT elak h)un Esn
elak Ca sIum nig GPi:l ExRt:tdMbg zaCaGkTTYlxusRtUv. z 1 kum; ;

kgT&B rdkmCa vayyk blin buEn :nRtYvelak h)un Esn XatvijCabnan
edayman karRBman BI Gg<kar GaRbUnuc . z 11_12 kum;; TsSnkicrbs
elakRhVgsV&r mIetrg RbZanaZibtI:raMg enAkmCa. z 10 mina ; CnCati ev[t

Nam 35 nak enAPUmi cugXas :nRtUv ExrRkhm vayRbhar . z 17 mina ;
RkumRbwkSaCatiCanxs Rbkas hamXat mino eRbIR:sGavuZ edayKan kar
GnuJat. viesaZnkm RkmRBhTNExr. z 24 mina ; ExeRkhm vayRbhar
(RsukbribUN( ExRtkMBgqaMg) . z 28
mina ; TahanGg<kar shRbCaCati 2 nak :nRtYvExrRkhmsmab. z 29

355
CIvit. enA Gg<rvt enaHvij smaCik Gg<kar GaRbUnuc 5 nak :nRtUvExr
Rkhm cabykeTA smabecal yageXaeXA. z 3 sPa ; ExrRkhm vay
z 4 mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu xNbJbshRbtibtikar rvag Rkum RbwkSa
eTAelI k:l ensaT bIeRK}genA qkRTU
enA:tdMbg CaehtubNalosmaCikKNbkS hVnsIunebc 3 nak :tbg
Rkhmsmab. z 2 emsa ; Tahan Gg<kar shRbCaCati 3 nak :nRtUvExr
1993
smaCik KNbkS hVnsIunebc cMnYn 14 nak :nRtUveKlbeZIVXat.
RKabEbkeTAelI eragviedGU mYy enAkMBgZM bNalomnusS 30 nakRtUvrbYs .
lukTIRkuges[mrab bNalo Tahan 8 nak nig RbCaCn sIuvil 4 nak :tbg
CIvit. z 4 sPa ; ExrRkhm vayRbhareTAelI Gg<PaB eyaZa cin n kmaMg
GnraKmn GaRbUnuc enAkMBgZM. z 5 sPa ; ExrRkhm vayRbhar rzePIg

Edl qgkat Rsukemag#sSI. GkdMeNIr 19 nak :tbgCIvit ehIy 80 nakRtUv
rbYs. z 23_28 sPa ; kare:HeqateRCIstaMg smaCiksPa ZmnuJ. eTaHbI
mankarKMramkMEhg
BIsMNakExrRkhmkI
cMnYneRcInEdr KW 89, 56
k*GkEdl:neTAcUlrYme:Heqat
%. lTpl n kare:Heqat KW KNbkSraCaniym
hVnsIunebc CaGkQHKNbkS RbCaCn KW:n 45

RbCaCn :nRtwm 38
man
% n sMeLg rIKNbkS
% bueNaH . KNbkS RbCaCn RbkasBMuTTYls<al
lTpl nkare:HeqatenaH Cadacxat. z 26 sPa ; semc neratm sIhnu
:nEzgza ?RBHGg<Qb esIo beg,It rdaPi:l cRmuH ctuPaKI eT[tehIy. Ez 3
mizuna ; semc neratm sIhnu RTg :nesIobeg,ItrdaPi:l cRmuHrvag KNbkS

hVnsIunebc nwg KNbkS RbCaCn eday man RBHGg< Ca naykrdmRnI.
nayk Gg<kar GaRbUnuc catTukKMnitenHza CakarbHJl d*ZnZr dlrdZmnuJ.
shrd Gaemrik RbqaMg nwg karbeg,It rdaPi:l beNaHGasn EbbenH . z 4
mizuna ; RbeTs:raMg KaMRT karbeg,ItrdaPi:lbeNaHGasnenH . z 9 mizuna ;

356
GkTTYlxusRtUvsMxan> nig GktMNagkgT&B n rbb rdkmCa
:nnaMKacUl
dwknaMeday elak canyYran mkdlTIRkugPMeBj ehIy :nRtYvTTYloCYbsnna
z 10 mizuna ; RkumRbwkSaCatiCan xsebIk
BYkExrRkhm. z 5_6 kk,da ; TsSnkic enAkmCa rbs elakRsI madWELn
eTA RBHraCvaMg edIm|IsMEdgkarKaMRT KMnitbeg,It rdPi:lcRmuH Edlman semc

neratm sIhnu CaGkpcepImKMnit.
CamYy semc neratm sIhnu . z 2 kk,da ; elak GakasIu TTYlGktMNag
Gg<RbCMu. elak GakasIu Ezgza ? kare:Heqat :nRbRBwteTA edayesrI nig
G)ulR:y kGK<rdTUt shrd Gaemrik RbcaMGg<kar shRbCaCati. shrd
s<allTpl n kare:HeqatdEdl. RBHGg<mascRkBgS nig elak sin sug
ExrRkhm vayykRBHvihar edaymanCMnYy BI kgT&Bz. z 8_ 12 kk,da ;
Rbkb edaysmPaB . buEnGktMNag KNbkS RbCaCn enAEt minRBmTTYl

xagKNbkS RbCaCn otRmuyza BYkeK nwgeZIVGbKmn EbgEckTwkdIExrCaBIr.
eTaHCayagNa kI k*Gg<kar GaRbUnuc Rbkas lTpl n kare:HeqatenaH Ca
pvkarEdr . z 11 mizuna ; ExrRkhm RbkasTTYls<al lTpl n kare:H
Gaemrik RbqaMgdacxat minomanExrRkhm enAkgrdaPi:lExrzI . z 7 kk,da ;

ExrRkhm eZIVkarvayRbhar PUmimYycMnYn kgExRtkMBg qaMg. z 13 kk,da ; ex[v
sMpn dwkna KNRbtiPUExrRkhmmYymk TIRkugPMeBj. semc neratm sIhnu
eq{tOkasenaH TamTaro ExrRkhm RbKl RBHvihar mkordaPi:lExrvij. z
eqat. z 13 mizuna ; smaCikKNbkS hVnsIunebc nig KNbkS RbCaZib
8 sIha ; kgT&B rdaPi:l vayyk mUldanEdlExrRkhmkankab (kMBgZM RBH
naMKa rtecj BItMbnenaH eRJHGaC\aZrenATIenaH smab BYkKNbkSEdlQHeqat
shRbCaCati bnGaNti Gg<karGaRbUnuc rhUtdleBl Gnum&trdZmnuJ ehIy
ecjesckIseRmccit mYy catTuk CaemaX; kare:Heqat Tmak semc neratm
BiPakSa nigGnum&t rdZmnuJ bnabmk ERbkayxnCardsPa KW Gg<kar nItib|jti
ety esrIniym BuTsasna EdlbMeBj ebskkm enAEpk xagekIt Tenemkug
edaytekatERkg. z 14 mizuna ; sPaZmnuJ ebIkGg<RbCMu. CakiccabepIm eK

sIhnu BIGMNac edaysPaTaMgBIr kalBIz 18 minaqaM 1970 edIm|IcattaMg
vihar es[mrab bnaymanC&y) . z 27 sIha ; RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar
RtUvecj BIRbeTskmCa enAz 15 vicika. z 16_21 kJa ; sPaZmnuJ

eBjlkN;. z 24 kJa ; rdZmnuJ RtUvRbkasoeRbI. z 5 tula ;
semc neratm sIhnu Ca Rbmuxrd saCazI . Gg<kar GaRbUnuc catTukza esc
GkeZIVvieyaKz cabepIm eZIVyuTnakar vayRbhareTAelI elak sm rgSI rdmRnI
sux Gg<kar shRbCaCati bJakTTYls<al lTpl n kare:Heqat . z 16
Zibety. z 7 tula ; :tukmnisSit RbqaMg nwg kareRbIPasa:raMg enAtm
kIseRmccitenaH KanmUldan KtiyutGVIeLIy . z 15 mizuna ; RkumRbwkSa sni
esdkicExr bnabBIelak manEpnkarer[bcM rMedaHesdkicRbeTskmCa BIPaBGana
mizuna ; semc neratm sIhnu EtgtaMg RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti RbZanKN
sikSa EpkbeckeTs. z 14 tula ;ExrRkhmdakRKabEbk kMeTcsan cMnYn 4
rdmRnI n rdaPi:lbeNaHGasn n RbeTskmCa TaMgBIrnakEtmg. z 17
vicika ;
Cn RbkasTTYls<al lTpl n kare:Heqat . z 1 kk,da ; sPaZmnuJ
:l. z 24 vicika ;RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti shnaykrdmRnI ktsMKal
bkS hVnsIunebc nig elak h)un Esn n KNbkS RbCaCn Cashnayk
mizuna ; GPiRkm GbKmn QanmkdlTIbJb. z 20 mizuna ; KNbkS RbCa

seRmcykc|abcas mkeRbIsin TRmaMman nItikm zI . KNRbtiPU ExrRkhmmYy
357
enApvCatielx 5. z 30 tula ; RBHsg 4 Gg<RtUvExrRkhmsmab. z 15

Gg<kar
GaRbUnuc
dkkmaMgGnraKmn
ecjBIRbrTskmCa.
21
vicika ; RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu esIsMuobJlExrRkhm mkkgrdaPi
za karbJlExrRkhm mkkgrdaPi:l Cakarpy nwg rdZmnuJ . z 28

358
vicika ;shnaykrdmRnITaMgBIr TTYlyk GMeNayynehaHmYyeRK]g BIQjz
TIRbwkSaraCrdaPi:l :n:tbgCIvit enAkgRbtibtikarswk. z 17 sPa ; RBH
rN#Ti CYbelak ex[v sMpn enATIRkug:gkk ehIyTamTar omankarQb:j
Gs. z 27_28 sPa ; Gg<RbCMu tumUl rvag KUPaKIExr enATIRkugBgyag
EdlTasETg nwgelak sm rgSI rdmRnI esdkicExr . z 17 Z ; RBHGg<mas
Kasin eTIbeZIVkarcrca .
mhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu GMJvnav oman karrYmRbCMumYy rvag KUPaKIExrTaMg
eRkamGZibtI nRBHmhakSRtExr. Gg<RbCMu :nTTYlbraC&y TaMgRsug . z 15_

16 mizuna ; Gg<RbCMu
1994
z 12_15 mkra ; TsSnkicCapvkar rbselaknaykrdmRnI z CYn Lwkb.
z 18 mkra ; nisSit nItisaRs nigesdkic n sklviTal&yPMeBj cMnYn
400 nak eZIV:tukm RbqaMgnwg GMeBI BukrlYy rbs saRsacar nigrd:l. z
20 mkra ; nisSit nigGkCMnYjExr rabJnnakeZIV:tukmKaMRT elaksmrgSI Edl
TasETgnwgQjz> EdlmankarKaMRT BI RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti sh

nayk rdmRnI . z 5 kum; ; kgT&BrdaPi:l vayyk GngEvg mUldanPsPar
ExrRkhm Edlman tamuk emT&BExrRkhm CaGkkankab . tamuk dkzy ehIy
eTAtaMgTIenA RtJMgKl EdlsitenACitRBMRbTlz nig lav . z 24 kum; ;Exr

Rkhm vayyk GngEvg :nmkvij. z 17 mina ; RBHGg<masrN#Ti eZVI
TsSnkic enARbeTs:raMg rIelakh)un Esn eZIVTsSnkic enATIRkugebkaMg. z
23 mina ; gYn nn GkniBnnayk kaEst dMNwgeBlRBwk :nRtUvcabxn eday

ehtu elakeZIVGeg,t GMBI GMeBIBukrlYy. z 24 mina ; TIsakkar kaEst Gnra
Kmn RtUvrgeRKaH eday karKbRKabEbk.
mnusS 5 nak RtUvrbYs. z 11
emsa ;RsIGURsalImak nigCnCatiGgeKsBIenakRtUvExrRkhmcabyk eTAsmab
ecal. z 19 emsa ; ExrRkhmRbmaN 3 Jnnak :nvayyk blin :n

vij. z 29 emsa ; eK:ndMNwgza tmesnIy sak s)ut saxn GtItGK<
esnaZikardankgT&B CMnantmesnIy ln nl ehIy Edl:nRtUvEtgtaMg Ca

359
CazIeT[t.
tumUl mgeT[t
buEnkgkRmitbeckeTs.
braC&ysa
z 10 kk,da ; ExrRkhmRbkas beg,It rdaPi:l beNaHGasn
mYyEdlman ex[v sMpn CardmRnI TI1. z 14 kk,da; rdsPa eZIVviesaZnkm
rdZmnuJ edIm|IplsiTi eTAoRbmuxrdsITI cuHhtelxa eTAelI nItiRkm nana enA

eBlGvtmanRBHmhakSRt.
z 26 kk,da ; shnaykrdmRnI TaMgBIr RbkasCa
pvkar sMuCMnYyeyaZaBI shrd Gaemrik . enAeBldEdlenaH ExrRkhm vay

Rbhar eTAelIrzePIgmYy Rtg RsukkMBgRtac bNalo GkdMeNIr 10 nak:t
bgCIvit . CnCatiExr 11 nak CnCatiev[tNam 3 nak CnCati GURsalImak
CnCatiGgeKsmak
nig
CnCati:raMgmak :nRtUvExrRkhmcabxn.
31
kk,da ; TwkCMnnenA kMBgsW nigenAexRtkNal. mnusS 4 mWunnakKanCRmk .

dMNaM Cit 10 mWun hikta RtUvxUcxat . z 26 sIha ; rdsPa :n Gnum&t
c|abmYy sIBI CnGenaRbevsn. c|abenaH :neZVIoTIRkughaNUy RBYy:rm

yagxaMg
(97 sMeLgTlnwg1)
GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati esIsMuo
RBHmhakSRtExr Binitc|abenaHeLIgvij. z 7 kJa ; nYn Cn GkniBn nayk
kaEst sMeLgyuvCn :nRtUveKeZIVXat . z 19 kJa ; ebskkm eyaZa
shrd Gaemrik mYy mkeZIVTsSnkic 5 z enAkmCa. z 21 kJa ; GK<el
xaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati esIsMuoc|ab sIBI CnGenaRbevsn sRmbeTAtam
eKal karNc|abGnrCati. ExrRkhmecaTza Gg<kar shRbCaCati cgoCn

Catiev[tNamcMnYn 4 lan nak EdlkMBugrsenAkgRsukExr sitenAkgRsukExr
bneT[ttampvc|ab. z 22 kJa ; RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu :nRbkas

360
oeRbIc|absIBI
CnGenaRbevsn
Edl:n
RtUvGnum&tedayrdsPa.
15
tula ; vresnIykExrRkhm eQaH QUk rwn :neP[sxn ecjBICYrkgT&B raC

rdaPi:l. QUk rwn CaGkTTYlxusRtYv nkarvayRbhar eTAelIrzePIg kalBIz
z 7 kum;; kMBg eRB{g GUsTUk. z 13 kum; sMbuk Ok.l. ExZ ;elak sr
Kwm lt GkkanhirJvtExrRkhm :ncuHcUlraCrdaPi:l enATIRkugPMeBj .
26 kk,da ehIy EdlbNlomnusS 13 nak :tbgCIvit nigCaGkEdlTTYl
qaM 1996
xusRtUv n karcabCnCatiExr 11 nak CnCatiGURsalImak CnCatiGgeKsmak
nig CnCati:raMgmak. z 20 tula ; elak sm rgSI rdmRnIesdkic :nRtUv

dkhUtBI muxtMENg bnabBImanTMnas CamYy RBHGg<mas rN#Ti nig Qjz
z 8 sIha ; eG[g sarI pacxnecjBI bul Bt edaynaMkgT&BExr Rkhm
esg GkEdl:nbunbg eZIVGbKmn :nRtUvkateTas edaykM:Mgmux oCabBnna
LayRBHhselxa eTAelIRkwtmYy elIkElgeTaso eG[g sarI . z 1 tula;
mak. z 28 tula ; RBHGg<mas cRkBgS elak siun sug nig elak siun
Kar 20 qaMmak . z 8 Z ; GkkaEstmak eQaH can dara :nRtUveKeZIVXat .

z 27 Z ; elak sWn san GkdwknaMKNbkS RbCaZibety esrIniym BuT
sasna
GMJvnavsMuoRbKlGMNaccaM:c
eTAzVayRBHmhakSRt
edIm|IRBHGg<
GaceZIVkarpSHpSaCati. z 29 Z ; ExrRkhm 400 nak :nsMucuHcUl raCrda
Pi:l. buEnKNbkS RbCaCn CaBiess elak h)un Esn RbqaMgdacxat nwg
karvil mkkanGMNacvij rbs RBHmhakSRt edaysMGageTAelIrdZmnuJ Edl

Ecgza RBHmhakSRtesayraC buEn minkanGMNaceT .
RbmaN 3000nak eTACamYypg. z 14 kJa ; eK:ndwgza RBHmhakSRt :n

kgT&Brbs GIu Qag EdlCasm&nmit rbs eG[g sarI
:n vayyk mUldan
rbs bul Bt enA smt . z 11 tula; RBHGg<masrN#Ti shnaykrdmRnI
TI 1 yagedaysmateTA TIRkugblin bnabBI :nyageTA sIusupun enAz 2
sIha qaMdEdl . z 22 tula ; elak h)un Esn naykrdmRnITI 2 eTACYb
eG[g sarI enA blin .
qaM 1997
qaM 1995
z 30 mina ; RKabEbkmYy :nRtUvmnusSmins<almux Kb eTAelIGkeZIV:tukm
z 23 mkra ; RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu RbkUkehA oExrRkhm cUlmk
bul Bt KW sun esn :nRtUv bul Bt smab ecalTaMgRKYsar (11 nak) . z
bNalomnusS 16 nak :tbgCIvit. z 10 mizuna ; em bJakarkgT&B rbs
rYbrYmkgCIvit neya:yzI . z 24 mkra ; ExrRkhmvayyk z eKal. enAqaM
17 mizuna ; viTExrRkhmez,aleTas bul Bt za :nk|t clna ExrRkhm. z
Bi:kelIkeLIgo:nRKbRCugeRCay. buEn karvayRbhar sMxan> manCaGaT
Bt sMucuHcUl raCrdaPi:l. z 28 mizuna ; ex[v sMpn eZIVsnisITkaEstmYy
1995 enaH ExrRkhm vayRbharCaeRcInkEng kgTUTaMgRbeTskmCa Caehtu
enA :tdMbg :vil :Nam rtnmNl emag#sSI . z 30 mkra ; Jmk.

361
20 mizuna ; tamuk cab bul Bt :n. enAzdEdlenaH elxapal rbs bul

enARBHvihar edIm|IRkasza clna ExrRkhm :nQan mkdl TIGvsan ehIy .
362
ex[v sMpn RbkaspacxnecjBI bul Bt ehIyKaMRTraCrdaPi:l nig rdZm
rdaPi:l elak h)un Esn dkJkbNwgecj. z 26 vicika ; RBHmhakSRt
z 5 kk,da ; kgT&BesaHRtg nwg
eRJHGkEdl:nKaMRTRBHGg<mas rN#Ti kalBIExkk,da nig sPa BMu:nRtUveK
nuJedaytlkxN. elak h)un Esn CMTasnwg snisITkaEstenaH ehIy

tRmUvoex[vsMpn cuHcUledaytlkxN.
RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti nig kgT&BesaHRtgnwgelak h)un Esn RbyuTKa
enAcMkNalTIRkugPMeBj nig enAGUrsac . z 16 kk,da ; elak Guwg hYt
neratm sIhnu Ezgza karvinic&yeTas RBHGg<mas rN#TiCa GMeBI GyutiZm(
vinic&yeTaspgeT. z 27 vicika ; elak sm rgSI RtLbmkRsukExrvij. z 1
Z ; KNRbtiPU smaCiksPa mkCYbelak h)un Esn ehIydaklkxNcMnYn 15
RbkasdakebkPaB eZIVshnaykrdmRnITI1 CMnYs RBHGg<mas rN#TiEdlrteTA
x enAkgenaH manlkxN 4 KW karQb:jKa enAEpkxageCIg nig xaglic
kateTas. z 27 kk,da ; RBHGg<mas rN#Ti EdleP[sxneTAbreTs Rbkas
rbs RBHGg<masrN#T edaytdaklkxN karRbKl bus TUrTsSn nig
breTs . z 25 kk,da ; bul Bt :nRtUvRkum rbsxnpal nig tamuk ykeTA
edjelak Guiwg hYt ecjBIKNbkS hVnsIunebc. z 6 sIha ; rdsPadk
karbeg,It KNkmkare:HeqatmYy EdlmanCMhr kraC karvilRtLbmkvij

viT mkoKNbkS hVnsIunebc vij. elak h)un Esn suxcitGnuJato tm
GP&yksiTi BIRBHGg<masrN#Ti buEn BMudkhUtRBHGg<BImuxtMENgeT. z 8
esnIy jwk b)unqay vilRtLb mkvij buEnopacxnecjBIRBHGg<masrN#Ti.
BrTuksin CMnYyEdl shrd Gaemrik RtUvpleTAokmCa. shrd Gaemrik BMu
GtItnaykrdmRnI
sIha ;elakRsImadWELn GulR:y rdmRnIkarbreTs shrd Gaemrik seRmc

TTYls<al elak Guwg hYt za Ca naykrdmRnI Edl:nRtUvEtgtaMg tamreb[b
RbCaZibetyeT. z 30 sIha ; RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu EdlKgenA

es[mrab esIoebIk karcrca eRkApvkar rvagelak h)un Esn nig RBHGg<mas
rN#Ti. z 16 kJa ; rdsPa BMuRBmGnum&t KeRmager[bcM KNrdmRnIzI Edl
elak h)un Esn :nesIeLIg. z 19 kJa; KNkmkarRtYtBinit rbs Gg<kar
shRbCaCati seRmcdakGasn;RbeTskmCa enAGg<kar shRbCaCati oenA

TMenr. z 24 kJa; enAkgsnisIT kaEstmYy enATIRkug:rIs elak h)un Esn
ecaTsYrGg<kar sh RbCaCatiza etIGg<karshRbCaCati bMeBjtYnaTI rbsxnenA

kmCa reb[bNaeTA ebIGasn;kmCa enATMenrdUecH/ z 11 vicika ;RBHGg<mas
rN#Ti beJjkMhwg edayecaTRbeTs:raMgza man neya:y RsbtamRbeTs
ev[tNam. z 14 vicika ; RBHGg<masrN#Ti Ezgza RBHGg< sBVRBHT&y yag
RtLbeTAkmCavij ehIy minTamTar yktMENg naykrdmRnI mkvijeT oEt

363
elak jwk b)un qay minylRBmnwgsMeNIenHeT. z 3 Z ; elak Ebn suvN

rbb
saZarNrdRbCamanitu
kmCa ehIyEdleTIbnwg:n
beg,ItKNbkS KaMRTCatiExr :nvilRtLb mkkmCavij .enAz dEdlenaH RBH
mhakSRt k*yagvilmk kmCa vijEdr .
qaM 1998
z 21 mkra ; elak Ebn suvN GtItnaykrdmRnI rbb saZarNrd RbCa
manitukmCa beg,ItKNbkS KaMRTCatiExr. z 25 mkra ; elak G)uk Puri :n

RtUveRCIistaMgCa RbZanKNbkS RbCaZibety CMnYselak Giun taM. z 1 kum;
elak GuwghYt shnaykrdmRnI TI 1 CMnYsRBHGg< masrN#Ti beg,ItKNbkS

raRsniym ehIy elak Ly siumQag beg,ItKNbkS sg<mzI . z 28
mkra ; elak sWn san RbZanKNbkS RbCaZibety esrIniym BuTsasna

RBmTaMg GktMNag RbeTsGgeKs RbeTs:raMg RbeTscin RbeTsrusSI nig
364
shrd Gaemrik naMKaeZIVkarKabsg,t eTAelI RBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu ovil
KNbkS RbCaZibety esrIniym BuTsasna :nRtUvXatxn enAeBlelak
Rbkasza elak nwg beg,ItKNbkS rYbrYmCati . z 4 kum; ; elak sm rgSI
bkSRbqaMg TTYls<allTpl nkare:Heqat. z 14 kJa ; zTI 8 n:tukm
mha:tukmmYy enAz 22 kum; edIm|IsMuoRBHGg<bMeBjParkic rbs RBHGg< Ca
naykviTkCn sMbukXM :nRtUveKXatxn enA RBlanynehaH eJZicing enA
RtLb mkkmCavij edIm|Ier[bcM kare:Heqat . z 3 kum; ;elak TYn qay

GMJvnavsMuoRBHmhakSRt RtLbmkRsuk Exrvij ebIBMudUecaHeT elak nwg er[bcM
eh[b nwg eLIgynehaH. z 11 kJa ; enAes[mrab RBHmhakSRt sMuo KN
:tukrnaMKaedIrJs eBjmhavizI emAesTug. z 21 kJa ; elak mm sUNgdU
bitaCati. RBHmhakSRtExr :nedaHsaza TalEtExemsa eTIbRBHGg<yagcUl
eBlEdlelaker[beLIgynehaH.
tMNagraRs 3 rUbeT[t nKNbkS hVnsIunebc KW elak siTi sUy elak Kg
kmenaH tRmUvo manmtiPaKeRcIn 2 PaK 3 eJlKW 73 sMeLg eTIbGaccattaMg
Rsuk eRJHenAeBlenH RBHGg<kMBugBa:l RBHraCsuxPaB . z 7 kum;; Gk
supat nig elak Nub el[g :nnaMKacUlCasmaCik KNbkS BlrdExr
24
kJa ;
rdsParYmRbCMuKaedIm|IeZVI
viesaZnkm sMxanmYy n rdZmnuJ tamesckIesI rbsRBHmhakSRt. viesaZn

rdaPi:l:n. enAzdEdlenaH elak h)un Esn :nRtUveKbunbgeZIVXat. z
rbs elak gYn es]. z 30 mina ;RBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti vilmkRsuk
24 kJa ; elak h)un Esn GnuJatoGktMNagraRsRbqaMg GacecjeTAeRkA
emrURta GktMNagGK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati enAkmCa CUndMeNIrpg.
eTARbeTs:raMg enAzenaHEdr. karcakecjBIRbeTs n GktMNagraRs nKN
kmaPi:lExrRkhmcMnYn 4000 nak :nsMucuHcUlraCrdaPi:l. z 26 kk,da ;
raRs kwm suxa n KNbkS RbCaZibetyesrIniymBuTsasna ehIyEdl
Exrvij edaymanelak esEhVn sULa smaCikRBwTsPa Gaemrik elak Lakxan
z 15 emsa ; bul Bt TTYlmrNPaB. z 5 nig 18 mizuna ;kgT&B nig
RbeTs. RBHGg<masrN#Ti nig elak sm rgSI RBmTaMg Priya k* ecjdMeNIr
bkSRbqaMg eZIVoraMgsH dlkarcattaMgrdaPi:lzI. z 25 kJa ; GktMNag
kare:HeqatsPa sRmabnItikal TI 2. lTpl? KNbkS RbCaCn :n 41,
CaRbZan KNkmkar siTimnusS n rdsPa :nRtUv nKr:l ekaHehA edayRtUv
rgSI :n 14, 75
kare:Heqat. Ex tula ;
42% n sMeLg, KNbkS hVnsIunebc :nTTYl 31, 70%, KNbkS sm
% . z 30 kk,da ; KNkmaZikarCati n kare:Heqat ehA
K. C. b. RbkasbJakR:bza karkMNtcMnYnGasn; RtUveZIV eTAtamRbB&n sma
ecaTRbkanza CaGkEdlbMpusbMpul oman:tukm minTTYls<allTpl n

bkSRbqaMg
karcrca edIm|IeZIVkarpSHpSa rvag mtiPaKeRcIn nwg KN
TTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug.
neratm
vicika ;
sIhnu
munnwgecjdMeNIreTATIRkug
maRt mZmPaKeRcIn . z 3 kJa ; KNbkSRbqaMg minRBmTTYls<al lTpl
ebkaMgvij
eZIV:tukm yagKRKwkKeRKgenAmuxTIsakkar shPaB GWrub enAmuxsanTUt:raMg
vicika ; elak sm rgSI BMuRBm eRJHelakylza ebIRtLbeTAvij GktMNag
nkare:Heqat . nisSitRbmaN 300 nak RBmTaMgRBHsg 50 Gg< :nnaMKa
RBHmhakSRt
RbkassMuoGktMNagraRs
EdlecjeTAbreTs RtLbmkvij edayman RBHGg< CaGkZanasnisux . Ez 9
sanTUt shrd Gaemrik nig sanTUtev[tNam. z 8 kJa ; :tukrenA TIlan
raRs TaMgenaHnwgkay eTACacMNab rbs elak h)un EsnCaBMuxan . z 11
T&BRbdabGavuZ 4 kam\g.
eTAbreTs. z 12 vicika ; RBHGg<masrN#Ti mkdl RBlanynehaH eJZi
RbCaZibety RtUv rdaPi:l GsGaNti bRg,ab yagEsgGsareday eRbIkg
z 10 kJa ; elak kwm suxa GktMNagraRs n

365
vicika ; rdaPi:l RbkasZana snisux dlGktMNagraRs Edl:neP[sxn
366
cing. enA laczdEdlenaH RBHGg< :ncUlrYmkgBIZIztrUb EdleKeXIjman
naM ExrRkhm nwg naMeTArksRg<am . z 30 emsa ; RbeTskmCa cUlCasmaCik
Cn . z 13 vicika ; GkdwknaM KNbkS
Edr. z 6 kk,da ;GkceRm{g nig taraPaByn Bisid BIlIka :nRtUvCnmin
elak h)un Esn elak Ca sIum RBmTaMgGkdwknaMepSg> eT{t nKNbkS RbCa

RbCaCn
nig GkdwknaM KNbkS
hVnsIunebc cuHhtelxa ylRBmKa beg,ItrdaPi:lcRmuH. karEckGMNac
rvag KNbkSBIrenH ? elak h)un Esn naykrdmRnI RBHGg<masneratm rN#Ti
RbZanrdsPa. z 2 Z ; enAeBlGg<RbCMu elIkdMbUgbgs nRkumRbwkSardmRnI
smaKmGas)an. enAqaM 1999 enaH XatkmeTAelItaraPaByn k*EsgecjeLIg
s<almux :jsmab. z 27_ 28 tula; GktMNagRbeTsplCMnYy cMnYn 16

RbeTs :nebIkGg<RbCMu enATIRkugPMeBj .
elak h)un Esn GMJvnav oemExrRkhm cuHcUlraCrdaPi:l. z 3 Z ; elak

eha NaMhug rdmRnIkarbreTsExr pSBVpSaysar rbs RBHmhakSRtdl Gg<TUt
TaMgGs enATIRkugPMeBj edIm|IR:bodwgza RbeTskmCa :nykGasn; rbs
xn enA Gg<kar shRbCaCati vijehIy bnabBIvibti z 5_6 k,kdaqaM 1997 .

z 14 Z ; kUdkm RKUbeRg{nTamTareLIgR:kEx BI 20 dular rhUtdl 319
dular. z 25 Z ; ex[v sMpn nig nYn Ca sresrsMbuRtmYy mk elakh)un

Esn sMursenA kgsg<mCati Ca RbCaCnsamJ . z 29 Z ; ExrRkhmTaMgBIr
enH :nmkdlTIRkugPMeBj tamtmaKcRk ehIy:nTTYlbdisNarkic BIelak

h)un Esn .
qaM 1999
enAedImqaM 1999 smaKm sITimnusS
ADHOC sMEdgkarRBYy:rm yagxaMg
edayeXIj eyaZa rwbGUsyk dI RbCaCn edaytekatERkg (krNICaeRcIn ekIt
maneLIgenAkgExRtbnaymanC&y :tdMbg kMBgcam kMBgsW PMeBj. l .) .

z 25 mkra ; elak h)un Esn RbKlParkicGK<bJakar kgT&B eTAotm
esnIy Ek Kwmyan. z 5 kum;; enAeBlTsSnkic Capvkarrbselak enA
RbeTsmaeLsIu elak h)un Esn :nEzgza ; karbeg,Ittula karkateTas emdwk

367
368
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MONTESQUIEU : Considration sur les causes de la grandeur et de
la dcadence des Romains, 1737.
- Le Roi du Cambodge ne consulte ni ne conseille plus le Conseil des

ministres (Cf. Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral du 24 novembre 1897,
AOM, carton 8.).
- Le roi Norodom porte plainte contre Ducos (Cf. Lettre de Norodom
au Gouverneur Gnral en date du 21 Aot 1899, AOM, Aix 5820.
Cest une lettre dans laquelle Norodom accepte aussi lUnion
franaise).
- Le roi est lu par ses ministres. Les membres de la Famille Royale
sont exclus des dlibrations et du vote (Cf. A. Leclre, Droit public,
pp 19-20).
-Tentative de Khun Than de faire couronner son fils Phanouvong
Cf.Lettre de M. Calan au Gouverneur Gnral Rousseau, 10 juin 1896,
AOM, Aix 5820.).
- De Verneville prsente favorablement le prince Sisowath (Cf.
Rapport du Rsident Suprieur au Gouverneur Gnral, 26 janvier
1897, AOM, Aix 5820.).
- Sisowath doit prendre sa charge toute la solde de ses dignitaires
(Cf. Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral, 1 er trimestre 1904, AOM,
carton 9.).
- Par le Conseil des ministres, Doumer veut imposer lautorit
coloniale aux gouverneurs de provinces (Cf. Rapport du Gouverneur
Gnral, 4 me trimestre 1898, AOM, carton 8.).
- Limogeage des partisans tides du Protectorat. Ducos a reu de
Poc laccord dune action concerte (Cf. Rapport du Gouverneur
Gnral, 3 me trimestre, 1899, AOM, carton 8.).
- Refus de payer limpt Kompong Cham et Tbaung Khmum (Cf.
Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral, Juillet 1897, AOM, carton 8.).
- Tout passe par le Rsident Suprieur (O.R. du 11 aot 1901).
- Ladministrateur est aussi le juge (O.R. du 11 juillet 1897.).
- Abolition des crmonies de Chng day tra ( 25 janvier 1897).
- Rforme de la Justice ( O.R. 1902) ; voir aussi : Collard : Cambodge
et Cambodgiens. Mtamorphose du Royaume khmer par une mthode
franaise du Protectorat, Paris, Socit dEditions gographiques
maritimes et coloniales, 1925.
- Mariage des princes et princesses : pour les princes et les pricesses
qui voulaient se marier leur guise avec les gens du commun, ils
doivent renoncer leurs droits, honneurs et prrogatives (O.R. du 1er
janvier 1907.).
Faits historiques et documents

( Alain Forest : Le Cambodge et la colonisation franaise : Histoire
dune colonisation sans heurts (1897-1920), LHarmattan, 1980.)
- H. de Vernrville propose le prince Sisowath comme successeur
Norodom et dnonce Yukanthor (Cf. Lettre du Rsident suprieur au
Gouverneur Gnral en date du 30 janvier 1896, AOM, NF 587.).
- Relation impossible entre Norodom et de Verneville ( Cf. Lettre du
Rsident Suprieur au Gouverneur Gnral en date du 16 mai 1896,
AOM, Aix 24673.).
- Cration du Conseil des ministres par le Gouverneur Gnral (Cf.
Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral du 31 Aot 1897, AOM, carton 8.).
- Pouvoir confr au Rsident Suprieur comme chef de
gouvernement (de fait et de droit) du Cambodge (Cf. Paul Doumer,
LIndochine franaise : souvenirs, Paris, Vuibert et Nony, 1905, p.
236.).
379
380
- Sisowath propose Monivong comme son successeur (Cf. Lettre de

Sisowath adresse au Rsident Suprieur Luce et au Gouverneur
Gnral Klobukowski, 2 fvrier 1909.). Outrey nest pas daccord (Cf.
Lettre du Rsident Suprieur au Gouverneur Gnral, 9 novembre
1902, AOM, carton 15). Albert Sarrault est daccord avec Outrey (Cf.
Lettre du Gouverneur Gnral au Ministre des Colonies, 3 septembre
1913, AOM, NF 579.).
- Interdiction aux fonctionnaires de fumer lopium et le chanvre indien
(Loi du 6 dcembre 1907.).
- Etablissement de la proprit ( O.R. du 24 janvier 1908 et du 8
janvier 1912.).
Tableau 1 : Stratification de la socit khmre avant la

prsence franaise
ROI
Petits commerants
Cultivateurs des berges
Artisans urbains
Riziculteurs disposant de 10
20 ha
Professions
librales
Riziculteurs disposant de 5 10
ha
Riziculteurs disposant de 2 5
ha
Riziculteurs disposant de moins de 1 ha
Artisans ruraux
Obayoreach-Ex-SouverainReine Mre
Esclaves, paysans sans terres
Princes, princesses
Clerg
Bouddhi
-que
Comtes, Comtesses,
Vicomtes
Tableau 1 A : Rpartition des Propritaires de terres

de rizires en 1930
(Daprs enqute de Y. Henry (1))
Enqute dans cinq provinces cambodgiennes (1930)
Militaires et
Fonctionnaires
Courtisans
Mandarin
381
Setthi
Provinces
Moins de
5 10 Ha
10 50 ha
Plus de 50 ha
Battambang 76,3 %
18,3 %
5,3 %
0,12 %
Prey Veng
10,5 %
2,4 %
0,14 %
Svay Rieng 80, 3 %
16, 5 %
3%
0,12 %
Kampong
2,8 %
0,4 %
5 hectares
87 %
96,8 %
382
cham
Kandal
99 %
0,9 %
0,1 %
(1) Henry Y. ; Economie agricole de lIndochine, Gouvernement Gnral de

lIndochine, Hano,1932
Tableau 5 : La population de la rgion dAngkor au

XI me sicle
(Daprs lhypothse de Henri Sterling 1)
Population
urbaine
Population
Superficie
250 000
hab.
16km2 (2)
Nombre dagriculteurs
Annamites
4452 (5)
Chams et Malais
25 599
Bonzes
1263
Mandarins
13 401
Serviteurs de palais
154
Population de Phnom Penh
30 000
Village chrtien de Phnom Penh
1957
Tagas
197
Kuoys de Kampong Svay
2930
Phnongs et Stiengs
1698
Prisonniers
115
Population flottante
5000
TOTAL.
945 974
69 886
230 000
90 000 (6)
(Yaodhapura)
Population
rurale
450 000
hab. (3)
300 000 350 000 individus

Riziculture uniquement :
120 000 150 000 individus
Population de
la rgion
dAngkor
700 000
hab.
1- Henri Sterling. Angkor,Collection Architecture Universelle, Office du

Livre, Fribourg 1970.
2- La surface habitable aurait t de 10 km2, celle occupe par les temples,
les quartier du palais, les canaux, les rues, les demeures des seigneurs
totalisant 6 km2.
3- Dont entre 20 000 et 150 000 taient des riziculteurs. La classe des
agriculteurs est estime 350 000 individus. Le reste reprsente les
pcheurs, les artisans, les ouvriers et les esclaves.
Tableau 6 : La population du royaume khmer en

1830
(D aprs les documents tablis par le Protectorat franais en 1874)
1830
Individus
1900
1964
Cambodgiens
746 424
2. 057 000
6. 030 000
Chinois
06 784
104 523 (4)
450 000
383
4- En 874, le nombre des Chinois vivant au Cambodge est 106 784

individus.
5- Ce chiffre ne correspond pas la ralit.
6- Le nombre total des ethniques est de 30 000 individus.
384
Tableau 7 : La population chinoise au Cambodge en

1911 et
en 1921 (rpartie dans les provinces). Daprs A.
Forest
1911
Provinces
Tableau 7 A : Pourcentage des Chinois par rapport

aux Cambodgiens
Phnom Penh
76,51 %
Kampong Thom
6,69 %
Kampot
19,97 %
Tako
5,56 %
Krati
10,16 %
Svay Rieng
5,49 %
Kandal
9,90 %
Prey Vng
5,47 %
1921
Population
chinoise
Chinois et
Mtis
Chinois
Mtis
Battambang
10 000
4 860
5750
10 610
Kampong Cham
8,59 %
Battambang
3,84 %
Kampot
8.744
22 510
2160
24 670
Kampong
Chhnang
7,50 %
Total Cambodge
8, 76 %
Kandal
17.070
13 310
18 320
31 630
Pursat
7,08 %
Kampong Cham 12.532
6 960
19 080
26 040
Kampong
Chhnang
5 193
7 720
Kampong Thom 3760
1940
6870
8810
Krati
7891
4370
20
4390
Prey Vng
11 275
4130
7170
11 300
Pursat
2430
1120
3550
Svay Rieng
5610
380
5990
7 720
1 A. Forest, Le Cambodge et la colonisation franaise, Op. Cit., 472
Tableau 9 : Situation de lInstruction publique au Cambodge

en 1873 1920
Frquentation scolaire des Cambodgiens

Annes
Nombre
Stung Trng
321
510
130
640
dlves dans
Tako
9651
6930
7430
14 360
le pays
Phnom Penh
18 096
19 920
3 700
23 620
Total
104 533
101 200
72 700
173 330
Nombre
dpenses
de filles
par rapport budgets
locaux
aux
garons
1873
(habitants)
1.000 000
1880
1885
385
Population
386
1890
1913-1920
1893
1921
67,5 %
5846
G : 5351
1902
F : 495
entre 2.057 000
et 2. 163 000
Tableau 10 : population urbaine et population rurale
1903
1905
1907
1908
2. 274 000
1908-1909
Annes Population
rurale
4,4 %
Par
rapport
1909
la
population
1910
totale
1911
1912
1913
2025
2.274 000
1914
1803
2.414 000
1915
2613
Population
urbaine
Par
rapport
totale
2.562 000
130 000
5%
1962
5.740 000
600 000
10 %
700 000
12 %
+600 000
1967
36 %
6.336 000
6.494 000
G : 2213
F : 400
1916
2727
G : 2373
F : 354
1917
2911
Tableau 11 : Dpenses des mnages
G : 2575
F : 336
1918
3947
En million de riels courants
G : 3607
F : 340
1919
4708
F : 393
1920
5097
1962
1963
1964
Consommation
16 265
16 906
17 508
Intrts et assurances
14
22
23
Impts directs
815
876
890
Dpenses extrieures
145
149
130
G : 4215
G : 4541
F : 556
387
2.562 000
Ana-
phalb. phalb.
la
population urbaine rural
1921
1966
Ana-
388
61 %
Oprations diverses de
rpartition
299
Cotisations sociales
137
120
176
94
Epargne
2 142
3 158
4017
Total des revenus des
19 680
21 534
23 113
1 De 1930 1950 : y compris les coles rnoves de

pagodes et lenseignement priv ; ensuite : enseignement
public seulement.
2 De 1930 1950 : y compris lenseignement priv ; ensuite :
enseignement public seulement.
3 En fait, chiffres de 1931
4 En fait, chiffres de 1936. Qualit : incertaine
mnages
Source : Comptes conomiques
Tableau 14 : LEnseignement au Cambodge, 1930 1966

Tableau 14 A.
Primaire (1)
Secondaire (2)
Anne
Ecoles
1930 (3)
1935 (4)
1940
1945
1950
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
3 014
1 072
1 300
1 369
1 928
2 498
2 805
2 946
3 153
3 316
3 470
3 533
3 515
3 646
3 634
3 718
3 521
Daprs Rmy Prudhomme, LEconomie du Cambodge, Paris,

P.U.F., 1969.
Tableau 14 B : LEnseignement au Cambodge, 1930 1966
(suite)
Effectifs
Etablissement
Effectifs
65 000
56 200
72 000
89 000
183 000
286 000
344 000
400 000
449 000
526 000
542 000
583 000
563 000
596 000
626 000
660 000
757 000
2
3
3
3
4
7
10
12
18
28
32
35
47
63
71
85
95
310
370
390
680
1 570
3 810
5 410
7 960
11 340
14 080
16 840
20 230
30 360
33 020
44 810
59 930
66 520
Sources. De 1930 1950 inclus : Annuaire Statistiques. De 1955

1966 : Office
National de Planification de lEducation.
Technique
Suprieur
Etablissements
Effectifs
2
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
7
10
10
10
10
Etablissements
Effectifs
2
2
2
2
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
37
37
Anne
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
400
260
320
280
280
330
390
440
550
670
980
1090
1650
2020
3230
3810
4020
Daprs Rmy Prudhomme, LEconomie du Cambodge, Paris,

P.U.F., 1960
Tableau 14 C : Les coles de pagodes rnoves
Notes :
389
240
350
390
530
910
1090
1430
1730
2170
2570
2380
4760
7360
390
Annes
Nbre dlves Nombre

c. de pagode
de bonze
1945
53 000 l.
1957
85 895 (1)
65 000
(1) 1 465 coles de pagodes
Ecole
publiques
32 000
305 000
Nombre
dinstituteurs lacs
6 525
Tableau 15 : Dpenses des mnages, 1962 1964
Total des revenus des mnages
1962
16 265
14
815
145
299
457
712
4,2
C- Habillement
619
474
1.123
6,6
D- Transport et
communication
E- Distraction, culture,
hygine
13.119
76,6
6.303
37,3
3792
22,4
16.911
100
Total
En pourcentage
En millions de riels
Consommation
Intrts et Assurances
Impts directs
Dpenses extrieures
Oprations diverses de rpartition
Citisations sociales
Epargne
255
2 142
1963
16 906
22
876
149
137
176
3 158
1964
17 502
23
890
130
120
94
4 017
19 680
21 534
23 113
Tableau 16 : Noms des principales varit de paddy Vossa

employs dans la province de Kampong Cham
Tableau 15 B : Consommation des mnages en 1963

(Source : comptes conomiques 1963). En millions de riels
Production AutoProd.
Total
locaux
consom. import.
A- Alimentation
12345678910-
Crales
Viandes et volailles
Poissons
Tunercules
Fruits et lgumes
Condiments
Olagineux
Prod.laiters-ufs
Boissons et tabacs
Autres produits
Alimentaires
B- Habitation
1-Entretien du logement
2-Equipement du logement
10.888
4.050
1.191
734
163
2.558
124
162
19
1.369
5.870
3.353
265
281
120
1.710
4
21
_
418
1.114
27
43
1
_
128
_
16
329
334
12.002
4.077
1.135
735
163
2.686
124
178
348
1.704
71,0
24,1
7,3
4,4
1,0
15,8
0,7
1,1
2,2
10,0
718
1.082
1.082
_
245
93
431
431
_
_
235
266
141
125
1.480
753
1.348
1.223
125
1.725
4,5
8,0
7,2
0,8
10,2
391
392
Anne
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
Surfce
(cultiv en
milliers
dhectares)
400
450
500
570
620
700
800
920
1.100
1.100
1.660
1.740
1.840
1.940
2.030
2.100
2.150
2.110
2.210
2.250
2.296
2.340
2.410
2.510
Travailleurs
(en milliers)
Production
(en milliers
de tonnes)
Rendement
(tonnes
lhectares)
Rendement
(tonnes par
travailleurs)
935
980
1.010
1.040
1.080
1.120
1.160
1.220
1.280
1.340
1.400
1.450
1.490
1.520
1.550
1.580
1.620
1.660
1.690
1.720
1.770
1.820
1.880
1.920
560
540
550
627
682
735
816
920
1.012
935
1.580
1.490
1.790
1.990
2.120
2.083
2.340
2.380
2.040
2.620
2.760
2.500
2.380
2.280
1,40
1,20
1,10
1,10
1,10
10,5
1,06
1,00
0,92
0,95
0,95
0,85
0,97
1,02
1,04
0,99
1,09
1,09
0,92
1,17
1,20
1,07
0,98
0 ,91
0,59
0,55
0,60
0,60
0,63
0,66
0,70
0,76
0,79
0,70
1,13
1,00
1,20
1,30
1,37
1,32
1,44
1,44
1,20
1,52
1,56
1,37
1,26
1,19
Tableau 17 : Culture du paddy, 1900 1966
Paddy tardifs
Vernaculaure
1- Chhmar sr
2- Chhmar krhm
3- Anchoeum sk
4- Anchoeum prveuk
5- Banla pdau
6- Buon kuor
7- Phkar daung
8- K puos
9- Tong chhouk
10- Chhaeung puos
11- Kantuy damrey
12- Ansong oeut
13- Damrey chhor
14- Phkar sla
15- Krchk chrouk
16- Pram roy
17- Kaun trei
Paddys moyen
1- Pong ta
2- Romang samley
3- Khmao kroap
4- Damnoeup lhuong
5- Kroap krauch
6- Srauv chen
7- Damnoeup kaun
khmom
8- Chhaeung moan
9- Phnom run
10- Krya
11- Phdau
Paddys htifs
1- Kambor
2- Pong chap
3- Damnoeup srmoch
4- Phkar ampil
5- Phkar de popel
6- Kng pol
7- Thang chk
393
en franais
Chat blanc
Chat rouge
Sourcil de perroquet
Sourcil de sarcelle
Epine de rotin
Quatre tiges
Fleur de cocotier
Cou de serpent
Tige de lotus
Os de serpent
Queue dlphant
il diguane
Elphant debout
Fleur darquier
Ongle de porc
Cinq cents
Petit poisson
uf de cane
Flocon de coton
Graine noir
Paddy gluant royal
Grain de citron
Paddy chinois
Paddy gluant de
petit abeille
Os de poulet
Montagne de joncs
Repas royal
Rotin
Chaux
uf de moineau
Fourmis
Fleur de tamarinier
Fleur de popel
Troupe darme
branche de bananier
394
genres
riz gluant
riz gluant
riz gluant
riz gluant
riz gluant
riz gluant
Sources :1900 1930 : R.Morizon, Manographie du Cambodge,

Hano, 1931
Imprimerie de lExtrme-Orient, p. 106
1930 : Y. Henry, Economie Agricole de lIndochine, Hano, 1932
1930 1950 : Annuaire Stat. Rtrospectif du Cambodge, p.36.
1950 : Docum de la Direction de lAgriculture.
Calculs : Intrapolation de Rmy PrudHomme, LEconomie du
Cambodge, Paris,P.U.F., 1969.
Tableau 18 : Entreprises industrielles par secteur, 1956 1965

Nombre dentreprises
1967 : 700 000 (12 %)

N.B. Entre 1921 et 1967, la population du Cambodge a augment
de 3.149 000 habitants.
Distribution de la population active dans trois principaux secteurs
conomiques
Secteur primaire : 81 %
Secteur secodaire : 4 %
Secteur tertiaire : 15 %
Rpartition dans le secteur primaire
Riziculteurs : 81 %
Autres agriculteurs : 16 %
Pcheurs : 3 %
tableau 19 : Revenu national 1962 1964

En million de riels
Industries
Anne alimentaires
1956 753
1957 851
1958 1.006
1959 1.159
1960 1.243
1961 1.319
1962 1.379
1963 1.447
1964 1.576
1965 1.589
Energie
et Eau
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
23
30
32
Matires
premires
336
349
399
441
457
461
345
579
633
674
Industries
mcaniques
3
6
11
18
29
43
100
123
Textiles
et cuirs
3
4
9
12
12
14
15
19
56
74
Divers Total
32
33
35
45
56
66
84
104
195
201
1.141
1.254
1.469
1.680
1.796
1.895
1.869
2.215
2.590
2.693
Nomenclature des genres dentreprises de chaque secteur :

1) Industries alimentaires : rizeries, distilleries, saumureries, fabrique de sauce de
soja, eau gazeuses
2) Energie et Eau : usines lectriques
3) Industries des matires premires et des demi-produits : scieries, four
charbon, briquetteries, fabriques de peinture
4) Industries mcaniques : ateliers de construction et de rparation, fabriques
darticle mtallurgiques manufacturs
1) Textiles et cuirs : tanneries, usines de tissage, fabriques de filets de pche
2) Industries diverses : fabriques des articles en plastique, fabriques des articles
en caouchouc, imprimeries et fabriques des articles en papier et carton,
savonneries, manufactures dallumettes et de cigarettes.
Source : Ministres de lindustrie, daprs A.S.C. 1963-1964 et 1965. Voir aussi :
Rmy Prudhomme, LEconomie du Cambodge.Op. Cit
Population active (1962) : 44 % de la population total.
Population urbaine :
1921 : 130 000 (5 % de la pop. tot.)
1962 : 600 000 (10 % de la p.t.)
395
Source : Comptes Economiques
Revenus bruts de la
proprit et de
lentreprise
1962
1963
1964
15.070
17.045
18.089
303
318
341
2.556
2.652
2.801
1.978
2.164
2.269
19.907
22.180
23.500
3.097
3.257
3.752
90
116
98
23.097
25.553
27.350
Oprations divers
Impts directs moins
subvention
Rmunration des
salaris
Production intrieur
brute
Rmunration des
salaris
des administrations
Rmunration des
salaris
des institutions
financires
Produit intrieur brut
396
397

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