8 common mistakes when writing for the web and what to do about them

http://onlinejournalismblog.com/2012/02/28/8-common-mistakes-w hen-w riting-for-the-w eb-and-w hat-to-do-about-them/ March 1, 2012

Image by Anselm23 on Flickr

Here is a checklist covering 8 mistakes made repeatedly by first-time web writers, which Ive put together for one of my classes. The idea is simple: if you answer No to any of these, carry on to the accompanying guidance that follows underneath.

Checklist: are you doing the following?

1. Getting straight to the most newsworthy, interesting piece of information in your first par? 2. Linking to your source whenever you refer to a piece of information/fact? 3. Linking phrases (e.g. a report) NOT putting in full URLs (e.g. http://university.ac.uk/report? 4. Indenting quotes by using the blockquote option? 5. Using brief pars starting a new one for each new point? 6. Using a literal headline that makes sense in search results and includes key words that people might be looking for, NOT general or punny headlines 7. Splitting up your article with subheadings? 8. Ending your post with a call to action and/or indication of what information is missing or what will happen next?

Solving it: 1. The first par

When you write the first draft of an article some people begin with a warming up paragraph. Heres a classic example:

On Tuesday 14th February 2012, we went to the office of Bob Jones, for a brief discussion with a colleague

Ask yourself this: does your first par tell us anything new? Does it grab the reader and promise more? If it does neither then it needs rewriting.

Here are some examples of cutting to the key facts:

A vice chancellor who sparked a political storm over his views on the social mix of degree students has been appointed Englands new university access tsar.

Or, when your focus is an interview or guest post:

Attempts to block the appointment of the new head of Offa, and changes to the tuition-fee regime, make higher education policy resemble an Alice-inWonderland world, says Mike Baker

Or:

A new London park, 70,000 volunteers, a home crowd spurring on British athletes Sebastian Coe tells Emma Brockes why the 2012 Olympics are worth the money

You can even start with the most colourful and attention-grabbing information gained in the interview, like so:

If in February 1941 the commander of the German battlecruiser Gneisenau had decided to steam off and leave Peter Coe to his fate in an open lifeboat in the North Atlantic, the world might never have taken delivery of his son, Sebastian.

In short, if your paragraph is warming up, chop it out entirely and look at each paragraph to see which one is the best to start with. If your article is trying to cover more than one basic angle, consider splitting it into two separate, shorter, posts.

Dont tell us how you got here

Another common mistake is to tell us about how you got to this point:

At first I had this idea, and then X happened, and I realised Y, so I decided to write about what Im about to write.

Remember the reader doesnt care how you got to this point unless its a stunning story in itself. So cut to the chase instead:

Heres a list of some of the most informative and expert Twitter users in school sports

Solving it: 2. and 3. Linking to your sources and linking phrases, not URLs
Any mention of any information that you havent gathered in its raw form yourself should include a link to the source. For example:

According to the Higher Education Funding Council for Englands official website, they define non-completion by

Should be linked to the source material as follows:

According to the Higher Education Funding Council for England, they define non-completion by

Note that Ive also removed official website for two reasons: Never link to a general homepage always deep-link to the specific page containing the information or report youre referring to The link tells us its according to a webpage, you dont need to repeat that Here are some more examples: In September 2011 The Telegraph reported that John Smith told one blog that he While almost half of students dont know about the policy Jane Jones said that The head of teaching and learning at HEFCE is Heather Fry Michael Gove voted in favour of The more links your work contains, the more value it holds for users its just good online journalism.

Solving it: 4. Formatting text: blockquotes, bullet lists, and subheadings

Online text is easier to read the more that it is broken up. Get to know the formatting panel just above the space where you write your post (shown below). Use the quotation marks button to indent quotes.

Use bullet lists and numbered lists to break up your post when your content suits a list. Select text and use the link button (the chain icon) to make it into a link Use the Format drop-down to create subheadings (Heading 2 is best Heading 1 is used for the headline already) If youre pasting text from elsewhere (always put it in quotes!) use the eraser icon to strip out formatting such as font, size, colour etc. (Or better still, paste it into the HTML view so no formatting is retained)

Solving it: 5. Splitting pars after every point is made

Compare the following:

Firms and charities are to be invited to bid for a paymentby-results scheme to try to get Neet teenagers into work or training, in a project launched by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg. The 126m scheme is aimed at 55,000 teenagers in England with poor qualifications who are currently not in education, employment or training. Mr Clegg says it is about getting them out of the living room, away from the telly and into the world of work. Labour says it wont help the majority.

And this:

Firms and charities are to be invited to bid for a payment-by-results scheme to try to get Neet teenagers into work or training, in a project launched by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg. The 126m scheme is aimed at 55,000 teenagers in England with poor qualifications who are currently not in education, employment or training. Mr Clegg says it is about getting them out of the living room, away from the telly and into the world of work. Labour says it wont help the majority.

Thats from the BBC, an exemplar of good web writing.

Try to keep pars short, and start new ones whenever a new point is being made.

Solving it: 6. and 7. Headlines and subheadings keep them specific and literal
Imagine what your headline looks like in the middle of a bunch of search results, or on Twitter. Imagine what it looks like to someone who has never read your site before, doesnt know you, or your culture, jokes and phrases. Heres an example of a bad headline: Useful contacts for everyone Again, imagine this in search engine results. Twitter contacts in what field? Theyre clearly not for everyone but something specific in this case, the Olympics, so this is much better: 20 essential Olympics Twitter contacts Heres one thats even worse: An Update This tells us nothing unless we are already following the blog and even then, it doesnt tell us whether this is interesting or merely functional. Try this instead: Update: unemployment up; Graylings 3 reasons; we want your questions! Dont be afraid of long headlines look at how the Daily Mail use them (extremely successfully) on their website. Try and use key words and phrases in your headline so that search engines understand what theyre about. This, for example, is bad: Match report This is much better: Rooney scores 4 in Roma Champions League clash Because what will people be searching for? Rooney perhaps; Champions League; Roma. They might even be searching for hat-trick or video. Think of how people search, and write your headline to answer that (assuming your content does too).

Subheadings
The same rules apply to subheadings. These serve two purposes: to break up your text so people can find their place in them more easily; and to help search engines understand your content. They should therefore be mini-headlines, with keywords relevant to the pars that follow.

Solving it: 8. Ending your post online is interactive

One of the key ways in which online journalism differs from print or broadcast is that you are not dealing with an audience: you are dealing with potential collaborators and sources who can improve your journalism with a single comment. The traditional way of ending articles, then implying that the story is finished and the reader can move on to whats on page 5 does not apply.

Instead you should try to leave room for the user to contribute in some way. Here are some examples: This is the latest in a series of interviews with Olympic sponsors. You can read the rest here, and follow future updates on our Facebook page, Twitter account, and mailing list. Next week well be interviewing Graham Gordon on his role in the process. If you have any questions youd like us to ask, please post a comment, or email us at Have we missed anything? Please let us know in the comments What we still dont know is how much of this money reached the clubs. If you can help us find out, get in touch at Well be discussing this at our next meetup at sign up to attend on our Meetup page. Were looking for people to contribute to the blog on this issue. If youre interested, get in touch at