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Indian Standard

GUIDE FOR SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR HAZARDOUS AREAS

(Second Revision)

ICS 28.260.20

0 BIS 2000

BUREAU

OF

IN DIAN

STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 August 2000 Price Group 5

Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Atmospheres Sectional Committee, ET 22

FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Second-Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Atmospheres Sectional Committee had been approved by the E]ectFotechnical Division Council. This standard is intended to provide guidance for selection of electrical equipment for use in hazardous areas, such as, petroleum refineries and petrochemical and chemical industries. In this standard, the selection of electrical equipment has been based on the classification of hazardous areas given in IS 5572 : .1994 Classification of hazardous areas (other than mines) having flammable gases and vapours for electrical installation (second revision), in conjunction with which this standard shall be read and interpreted. This standard was first published in 1970. The first revision was carried out toremove difficulties faced during the implementation of this standard and also to take into account the latest developments in the field of electrotechnology. The second revision has been undertaken to include latest development taking place for updation of IEC standards for use of electrical equipment in hazardous area. While preparing this standard the statutory regulations in this country have been kept in mind to see that no provision goes against such regulations. However, if there is a conflict between statutory regulations in force in any areas and this standard, the provisions of the former will prevail. No account is taken in this standard of the toxic risks which are associated with most combustible materials in concentrations which are ust.diy very much less than the lower explosive (flammable) limit. In locations where personnel maybe exposed to potentially toxic concentrations of combustible materials, particular precautions, which are outside the scope of this standard, should be applied. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

IS 5571:2000

Indian Standard

GUIDE FOR SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR HAZARDOUS AREAS

(Second Revision)
1 SCOPE 1.1 This standard provides guidance for selection of electrical equipment for hazardous areas. 1.1.1 This standard does not ap~ly to: a) b) c) the areas in undergkmnd mines, the areas having ignitable dusts and fibres, and inhenmtly e~plbki~etitmospheres,for ex mple, explosives manufa~t~~g and proces A g.
I
II

NOTE For apparatus with type of protection d flameproof enclosure, the surface to be considered is the external surface. For apparatus with other types of explosion protection, internal surfaces are equally important if the explosive gas/air mixture has access to them.

3.4 Grouping of Flammable Gases and Vapours The IndianStandardgroupclassification of flammable gases and vapours on the basis of maximum experimentalsafe gas (MESG) and minimum igniting currents(MIC) is given in IS 9570. 3.5 Temperature Class A system of classification by which an electrical apparatus is allocated temperature classes according to its maximum surface temperature. The permitted maximum surface temperatures have been classified in IS 13346 as follows:
lTemprature T6 85C

1.2 Precautionsttwltmay@ necessary against effects of static electricity, ,li$hltning, high frequency electromagnetic rits&thni and pyrophoric ignition are also outside the scdpe of this standard.
NOTE Detailed guidance on protection against risk due to static electricity mayl be fourmd ip IS 7689 and against lightning protection in IS 2309.

2 REFERENCES The list of Indian Standards given in Annex A are necessary adjuncts to this standard. 3 TERMINOLOGY AND EXPLANATIONS OF TERMS For the purpose of this standard, -the following definitions shall apply. 3.1 Flash Point The minimum temperature at which the liquid gives so much vapour that this vapour, when mixed with air, forms an ignitable mixture and gives a momentary flash on application of a small pilot flame under the specified conditions of test, 3.2 Ignition Temperature The lowest temperature at which ignition occurs in a mixture of explosive gas and air when the method specified in IS 7820 is followed. 3.3 Maximum Surface Temperature The highest temperature attained under practical conditions of operation within the rating of the apparatus and recognized overloads, and including defined fault conditions, if any, associated therewith by an accessitrle surface the exposure of which to an explosive atmosphere may involve a risk, 1

3.6 Enclosure Protection The measures applied to the enclosures of apparatus to provide protection fo~ a) persons against contact with live or moving parts inside the enclosure and protection for the apparatus against ingress of solid foreign bodies; and b) the apparatus against ingress of liquids. 3.7 Degrees of Protection of Enclosures These have been defined in IS 4691 and 1S 13947 reference to which should be made. 3.8 Classification of Hazardous Area This standardis based on the concept of dealing with the risk of tire and explosion by area classification. This concept recognizes the different degrees of probability with which explosive (flammable) concentrations of combustible gas or vapour may arise in installations in terms of both the frequency of occurrence and the probable duration of existence on each occasion.

IS 5571:2000 The detailed considerations which shall be taken into account in area classification are described in IS 5572. For completeness, the definitions appropriate to area classification are given below: a) Zone O In which an explosive gas/air mixture is continuously present, or present for long periods. Zone 1 In which an explosive gas/air mixture is likely to occur in normal operation. Zone 2 In which an explosive gas/air mixture is not likely to occur in normal operation, and if it occurs, it will exist only for a short time. should not exceed the ignition temperature of the gas or vapour. For electrical apparatus, no margin of safety need be applied between maximum surface temperature and ignition temperature. The ignition temperature of combustible gases and vapours are measured in accordance with the test method prescribed in IS 7820. d) Environmental conditions in which aDparatus is installed. Apparatus and its co;ponent parts should be constructed so as to guard against electrical and mechanical failures in the intended conditions of use. Particular attention should be given to the need for protection against the weather, the ingress of liquids and particulate matter, corrosion, the effect of solvents and of heat from adjacent equipment.

b) c)

4 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS Attention is invited to the fact that the manufacture and use of electrical equipment in the country is controlled by the concerned statutory authorities for the area of their jurisdiction. The statutory authorities, at present, are: a) The Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad (Bihar); b) The Chief Controller of Explosive, Department of Explosives, Nagpur (Maharashtra); and c) The Directorate General Factory Advice Services and Labour Institutes, Mumbai (Maharashtra).

For further details reference may be made to IS 13408 (Part l& 6 SELECTION OF TYPE OF PROTECTIONS The selection of type of protection of electric equipment for different zones of hazardous areas shall be made in accordance with Table 1. Table 1 Selection of Apparatus According to Zone of Risk
Zone Type of Protection Ref to IS No.

The testing facilities for flameproof electrical apparatus are available, at present, in the Central Mining Research Institute, Dhanbad. 5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR CLASSIFIED AREAS 5.1 Procedure for Selecting Electrical Equipment Following factors shall be considered for proper selection of electrical apparatus and equipment for areas where flammable gas or vapour risks may arise: a) Area classijkation, that is, Zone O, 1 or 2. b) -Gas group classification, that is, gas group. The characteristics of the gas or vapour involved in relation to: 1) igniting current or minimum ignition energy in case of installations of intrinsically safe apparatus, or 2) maximum Experimental Safe Gap data in case of installations for flameproof enclosures.as per IS 2148. c)
Temperature classification

o
I

L Any explosion protection sui~able for Zone O and d

ib

5780

2148 5780 7693 7389 (Part 1) 7724

o (see Note 1, Table 2)

p(see
,, q ,, s 2

Note 2, Table 2)

Any explosion protection suitable for Zones Oor 1 and e (see Note 2, Table 2) n (see Note 2, Table 2) p (see Note 2, Table 2) 6381 8289 7389 (Part 1)

The ignition temperature of the gas or vapour involved, or the lowest value of ignition temperature if more than one combustible material is present. The maximum surface temperature of any unprotected surface of electrical equipment 2

NOTE For definitions of types of protections, refer IS ] MU or above referred standards.

7 SELECT-ION OF APPA&fTUS 7.1 Requirementof electrical equipment installed in hazardousareas are indicated in Table 2.

IS 5571:2000 Table 2 Features of Electrical Equipment (Clause7.1)

Zone 1 . .. . ... . . . .. . .. aj motor wm :ype or protection o b) Motors witlitype of protection p Zone 2 . . . . .., s.-. a) Moror suname ror mne I area b) Motors with type of protection n and e. However ail normally sparking parts such as slip-rings and brushes shall be provided with type of protection d or p. Motors provided with a combination of the above forms of protection. For example, slip-ring motors in which the main enclosures and windings are of type e but the normally sparking parts of type d protection (see Note 1) Transformers and capacitors suitable for zone 1 areas. Transformers and capacitors that are dry type or containing liquids that need not have any special enclosure provided that the following requirements are satisfied: a) Cable boxesshall be suitable for specifid level of current and fault clearing time. b) Only off-circuit manually operated tap changers shall be allowed with provision for locking the operating handle in position. c) Auxiliary devices shall be intrinsically safe or if they have sparking contacts,these shall be: i) TyP d or hermetically sealed ii) under adequate head of oil iii) of mercury in glass type with adequate mechanical protection iv) of enclosed break type or, alternatively, auxiliary devices may be deleted or installed in a safe zone rendered safe by pressurization. d) Any other sparking accessories or switches shall comply with the requirements for Zone 1 area. Where oil filled transformers are used, necessary precautions against spread of tire (see IS 1646) shall be complied with. a) Lighting fittings for Zone 1 b) Lighting fittings with type of protection e or n. All equipment where arcing may occur under normal conditions of operation shall be type d, unless the interruption of current occurs in a hermetically sealed chamber and the equipment is provided with a general purpose enclosure and also if the current internspting contacts are oil-immersed, enclosed break switches for lighting, etc, with flameproof breaking chamber, mercury in glass switches and enclosed break micmswitches.

Equipment
i) Motors

Zone O .. ,,, ,. No motor snail oe useo in this area

ii) Transformers and capacitors

No transformer or capacitor shall be used in this area

a) All power and distribution transfororers and capacitors with type d protection b) For control and instrumentation purposes, type of protection i transformers and capacitors shall form part of a flameproof or intrinsically safe equipment

iii) Lighting fittings No lighting fitting shall be used (see Note 2)

iv) Switchgear and controlgear

No switchgear and controlgear shall be When not used. practicable use ty~ i protection

All switches, circuit breakers, fuses and other equipment shall be housed in an enclosure with type d protection. All switches, circuit breakers, fuses and other equipment, the enclosure together with the enclosed apparatus shall be type d protection.

Is 5571:2000 Table 2 (Concluded)

v) Generators No generators shall be used Generators with Type d and p protection Equipment suitable for Zone 1 areas Generators with type nprotection or e and having brush less excitation system and sparking parts, if provided shall comply with Zone 1 requirements. The use of permanently installed diesel engines to be avoided. Equipment suitable in Zone 1 areas. Storage batteries shall be of type e protection (see Annex Cl,

vi) Diesel engines

Un2,cceptttble

vii) Storage batteries

Shall not be used

The use of permanently installed diesel engines to be avoided. Where necessary, they shall be protected as given in Annex B Storage batteries shall not be installed in Zone 1 areas, except those in portable torches where the enclosures housing the bulb, switch and battery shall be flameproof type.

NOTES 1 Motors intended for use in hazardous areas wbicb are to be supplied at varying frequency and voltage by a converter sh;dl be tested, certified and approved as a unit in association with the converter. 2 a) Lamps containing free metallic sodium, for example, low pressures sodium va~rrr lamps) are not permitted for use in hazardousmtxs.s. b) Fluorescent tubes shall not k used or transported through areas with group IIC gases/vaprrs.

7.2 Even though, in general, use of increased safety equipment in Zone 1 areas is not permitted, certain equipment having a combination of Ex (e) and Ex (d) protection or a combination of Ex (e) and hermetically sealed apparatus may be used in Zone 1 areas, provided the Ex (e) protection is limited to the termination of cable/wires only. 7.3 Equipment having combination of various types of protection, for example, Ex (e), Ex (i), Ex (d) may also be used in Zone 1 or Zone 2 areas provided that the sparking parts are having Ex (d) protection. 7.4 Electric Heat Tracing a) b) Electric heat tracers shall not be installed in Zone O. Electric heat tracing system for installation in Zone 1 areas shall be suitable and certified for use in Zone 1 areas. Electric heat tracer and accessories for installation in Zone 2 areas shall be suitable and certified for use in Zone 2 areas.

intrinsically safe circuits and those of any other system shall be required as per IS 5780 to avoid the possibility y of arcing occurring at the point of contact or electrostatic or electromagnetic induction. In addition, the conductors shall be protected against mechanical damage. The diameter of each strand of the conductor shall be not less than 0.300 mm.of copper or equivalent size of conductor specified in IS 9968 (Part 1) or IS 9968 (Part 2) in the case of aluminium conductors. For (b) the following types of cables maybe used in principle: a) Thermoplastic or elastomer insulated, screened or armoured cable without 2 lead sheath and with polyvinyl chloride <PVC), polychloroprene (PCP) or simila- sheath overall; b) Cables enclosed in a seamless aluminium sheath with or without arrnour with an outer protective sheath; c) Mineral insulated metal sheathed cable; d) Thermoplastic or elastomer insulated flexible cable or cord with a flexible metallic screen or armour and a PVC, PCP or similar sheath overall; and e) Thermoplastic insulated cable with semi-rigid sheath. For type of protection i (Intrinsic safety) and for apparatus used in Zone 2 only, other cables may be used. -8.1.2 Factors Aflecting Choice of Wiring System a) Steel conduit systems are satisfactory for many situations but should not be used where vibration might cause fracture or loosening of joints and where excessive stress may be imposed as 4

c)

8 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 8.1 Wiring System 8.L1 Types of cables or wiring and systems which may be used for installation in h~zardous areas are: a) Cables drawn into screwed solid drawn or seamless conduit, and b) Cables or wires which are otherwise suitably protected against mechanical damage. Requirements for the installation of power systems may not apply to the -installation of apparatus and systems with type of protection i-intrinsic safety. For intrinsically safe circuits, there is normally no need to have special enclosures for the conductors. However, some protection between conductors of

IS 5571:2000 a result of its rigidity or where corrosion or excessive internal condensation of moisture is likely to occur. Sealing conduits with pourable epoxy to be used within 450 mm of the opening entry to prevent pressure piling. b) PVC insulated and armoured cable, complying with IS 1554 (Part 1) and/or XLPE insulated. and armoured cable, complying with IS 7098 (Part 1), IS 7098 (Part 2) with an extruded plastic outer sheath may be used for above ground or underground installation. Lead sheathed cable should be used where spillages may affect the integrity of the cable and/or allow migration of the liquid through the cable. For telecommunication circuits, plastic insulated and armoured telephone cables complying, where applicable, with the appropriate Indian Standards may be used. conform to IS 5780. They shall be designed in such a manner that hot filament ignition problem is avoided. 8.3.2 Portable Apparatus with Permanent Wiring The connections for portable and transportable apparatus shall be in accordance with the requirements given in 7.1.
and Other 8.3.3 Telephone Equipment and Allied Instruments Communication

These equipment shall be either of the intrinsically

safe type or flameproof or increased safety type with sparking parts enclosed in flameproof enclosure. 8.3.4 Portable and Trartsportable Apparatus and Its
Connections

c)

a) b)

8.2 Flexible Cables

c) 8.2.1 Flexible cables for portable and transportable apparatus may be protected by a poiychloroprene, PVC or similar sheath, and may have an overall flexible metallic screen. Where necessary, an additional earth continuity conductor should be incorporated. It should be insulated to the same standards as the live conductors, and should be incorporated within the cable sheath. The earth continuity conductor and screen should be bonded to the appropriate metal work of the apparatus and to the 8.4 Light Metal as Constructional Materials earthing pin of the plug. For portable and transportable apparatus with rated Particular consideration should be given to the voltages not exceeding 650 V, the supply cables location of apparatus which incorporates aluminium or light alloys in the construction of its enclosure. The should be of heavy duty type. propensity for such materials to give rise to sparking For portable apparatus with rated current and voltage, which is incendive under conditions of frictional not exceeding 1.6 A and 250 V respectively, medium contract has been well established. Suitable duty supply cables may be used. The conductors precautions should, therefore, be taken to ensure that should be of copper having a minimum cross-sectional such frictional contact is avoided. area of 1.5 mm2. 8.4.1 The term light metal refers to such materials as
NOTE Flexible cables with aluminium conductors-shall not be permissible to be used in hmndous areas.

Only certified portable electrical apparatus should be used in a hazardous area. Flameproof switched sockets and plugs should incorporate suitable electrical and/or mechanical means interlock to prevent danger of ignition during the insemion or removal of the plug. Apart from self-powered apparatus and from hand lamps whi~h shall meet above requirements, earth-leakage protection, or earthmonitoring or both, should be included in the protection of the apparatus. Protection of the circulating current type which automatically cuts off the supply tin the event of the earth continuity conductor becoming disconnected, may with advantage, be adopted as the earthmonitoring device.

8.2.2 An effective cable clamping device, so designed as not to damage the insulation of the flexible cable, should be provided at the points of entry of the flexible cable to the apparatus and plug. In addition, means should be provided to prevent sharp bending of the cable at both points of entry. 8.3 Portable Apparatus 8.3.1 Portable Hand-Lumps Portable hand-lamps (whether self-contained or mains operated) shall be either flameproof or intrinsically safe. Torches shall be intrinsically safe and shall 5

aluminium, magnesium and titanium which are characterized by their abilit y where produced in finely divided form due to impact, friction or frictional impact to react exothermically with atmospheric oxygen and as a result to ignite a flammable atmosphere. The term light alloy refers to an alloy containing at least 5.0 percent of a light metal by atomic proportions. Light metal alloy used for construction of flameproof enclosures should fulfil requirements of 9.0 of IS13346. 8.4.2 Provided that the protective cowls for light metal fans (for example, on motors) are designed so that they are not readily deformed, such fans may be used in Zone 2 areas since other modes of failure (for

Is 5571:2000 example, bearing failure) are more likely tocreate a source of ignition. If non-metallic fans or cowls are used as alternatives, they should be of anti-static material. 8.4.3 For internal wiring copper is to be used but for external connections aluminium maybe used. 8.5 Enclosures of Plastic Non-metallic Material Non-metallic materialplastic used foreclosures shall have mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical properties suitable for the application. In particular, the comparative tracking index (see IS 2824) of the material shall not be less than 500 V and the temperature index of the material (see IS 8504) shall be atleast 10C above the maximum service temperature. The plastic material shall have self-extinguishing property (see IS 4249). Enclosures made of plastic material shall be dimensionally stable for the storage and service condhions.
NOTE Moisture absorption under humid conditions can affect the dimensional stability of plastic components. Special care muy be necessary in the selection material and in the design of the enclosure. of the

Enclosures of plastic material shall be thermally stable, the relevant type tests are specified in the threaded holes in enclosures for fasteners which secure covers intended to be opened in service for adjustment, inspection and other operational reasons shall be one of the following types: a) Tapped metal inserts for metal fasteners, The inserts shall be permanently fixed in the plastic material of the enclosure, b) Tapped holes in plastic enclosures for metal fasteners, The thread forin shall be compatible with the plastic material, and Tapped holes in plastic enclosures for plastic fasteners. The thread form and the plastic materials shall be compatible and of adequate strength and durability.

c)

IS 5571:2000 4

ANNEX A
(Clause

2)
IS No.
Title

LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

IS No. Title

1554 (Part 1): 1988 (Part 2): 1988

2148:1981 2309:1988

2824:1975

3043:1987 4249:1967

4691:1985

5572:1994

PVC insulated (heavy duty) electric cables: For working voltages up to and including 1 100 V For working voltages from 3.3 kV up to and including llkV Flameproof enclosures of electrical apparatus Practice for the protection of buildings and allied structures against lighting Code of practice Method for determining the comparative tracking index of solid insulating materials under moist conditions Code of practice for earthing Classification and methods of tests for non-ignitable and selfextinguishing properties -of solid electrical insulating materials Degree of protection provided by enclosure for rotating electrical machinery Classification of hazardous areas (other than mines) having flammable gases and vapours for electrical installation (second
revision)

7098 (Part 1): 1988 (Part 2): 1985 7689:1989 7820:1973 8289:1976 8504 (Part 1): 1994

9570:1980

.13346 :1992

13408 (Part 1): 1992

5780:1970

6381:1972

Intrinsically safe electrical apparatus and circuit electrical equipment with type of protection i Construction and testing of electrical apparatus with type of protection e

Crosslinked polyethylene insulated PVC sheathed cables: For working voltages up to and including 1 100 V For working voltages from 3.3 kV up to and including 33 kV Guide for the control of undesirable static electricity Method of test for ignition temperature Electrical equipment with type of protection n Guide for determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical insulating materials: Part 1 General guidelines for aging procedures and evaluation of test results Classification of flammable gases or vapours with air according to their maximum experimental safe gaps and minimum igniting currents General requirements for electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres Code of practice for the selection, installation and maintenance of electical apparatus for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (other than mining application or explosive processing and manufacture) : Part 1 General recommendations

Is 5571:2000

ANNEX B
(Table 2)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF DIESEL ENGINE FOR PERMANENT INSTALLATION IN HAZARDOUS AREAS B-O To ensure a maximum degree of safety in the event of a permanently installed diesel engine being necessary in Zone 1 or 2 it is recommended that it should have the following protection. B-1 The starter shall be either of flameproof electrical type (usually operated from the mains supply) or of the following non-electric types: a) b) c) d) e) Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Spring recoil, Inertia, or Hand start. B-7 To prevent overspeeding of the engine due to induction of flammable gases or vapours, means shall be provided to stop the engine. It can be eithe~ a) b) a valve to close the air intake, or a system to inject carbon dioxide into the air intake.

B-8 Alarms or automatic shutdown devices shall be provided, activated by excessive water temperature and low lube-oil pressure. B-9 A system using an alarm or trip device to protect the engine from excessive vibration should be considered. B-10 An engine having a crankcase volume of over 0.5 m3 shall beprovided with relief devices. Relief valves or breathers on engines shall be fitted with flame traps or discharge into the induction system downstream of the flame trap, if fitted, and upstream of the shut-off valve, if fitted, as specified in B-7. Dipsticks and/or filler caps should be screwed or effectively secured by other means. B-n Intakeandexhaust system design shall meet the following minimum requirements: a) The length of the flame path through or across any joint shall be not less than 13 mm, b) Suitable metal-clad or other acceptable jointing material shall be interposed between all joint faces to ensure that leakage does not occur, Where valve spindles pass through the walls of any component of the induction system. The diametrical clearance shall not exceed 0.13 mm for an axial length of not less than 25 mm unless end caps are fitted, and No screw, stud or bolt-hole shall pass through the wall of any component of the system.

Any other electrical equipment associated with the engine shall be flameproof. Electrical equipment shall be effectively earthed and bonded. B-2 Cooling fan blades shall be made from non-metallic materials wh~chdo not accumulate electrostatic charge. B-3 All belts shall be of antistatic fire resistant type. B-4 In order to contain discharge of sparks or flames from the exhaust system, a gas conditioner box and a flame Irap -shall be installed. Alternatively, the exhaust should be designed to discharge to a location within a safe area. B-5 To prevent flashback through induction system, wherever possible, air intakes for engines shall be located in a safe area. Alternatively, a flame trap should be installed. B-6 The surface temperature of the engine and exhaust system shall not exceed 250C when tested under full load conditions. In some situations cooling of the exhaust manifold and piping maybe necessary, using water jacketing or finned coolers and/or high temperature cut-outs or alarms should be provided. However, when either the free movement of air is restricted by thermal or acoustic shielding or the ignition temperature of the surrounding flammable atmosphere is below 200C, exposed surface temperature of engine shall not exceed the minimum ignition temperature of the gases involved.

c)

d)

B-12 Decompression system should not normally be provided. However, if they are essential, then the decompression parts should be provided with flame traps and ducted away to safe area. B-13 The fuel injection pump and governor, where fitted, should be so designed that reverse running of the engine is not possible.

IS 5571:2000

ANNEX C
(Table 2)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STORAGE BATTERIES FOR USE IN ZONE 2 AREAS C-O Storage batteries for use in Zone 2 atms shall be of increased safety type. These shall meet the following requirements. C-1 Celluloid and similar combustibles shall not be trsed as constructional materials. C-2 Battery containers as well as fittings and insulating parts outside the enclosed cells shall not consist of porous materials, for example, wood or other flammable materials and shall be resistant to flame and the action of electrolytes. C-3 Openings of cells necessary for the escape of the gases given off shall be so constructed as to prevent splashing of the electrolyte. C-4 The exterior of the cells shall-be so constructed as to resist impact and the cell cases shall be firmly fixed. C-5 The cells shall be so built into the containers that loose working of connection of the cells with one another is impossible and normally a discharge voltage exceeding 24 volts shall not appear between adjacent rows of cells. The creepage distance between two poles of adjacent cells shall not be less than 35 mm. Where the discharge voltage exceeds 24 volts, the creepage distance shall be correspondingly increased by 1 mm per 2 volts. Where voltage of batteries is not less than 50 volts, either the battery case shall be sub-divided by partitions or the batteries shall be grouped into containers so that in no grouping does a voltage exceeding 50 volts occur. In these cases, the partitions or the containers shall have heights at least half that of the battery case. C-6 The battery case shall be so constructed as to ensure sufficient ventilation in order to prevent accumulation of gases given off from the battery and the free space within the case shall be as small as possible. C-7 The metallic cover of the battery case shall be lined with materials resistant to electrolyte. C-8 The cover of the battery case shall have special fastenings. C-9 Exposed live parts of battery contained in a case shall be protected with rubber or equivalent insulating materials. However, the opening for checking voltage may be provided.
NOTE Charging of storage batteries shatl be conducted in non- hazardous location, while the cover of the battery enclosure is kept open.

Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau oj Zndian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BE3. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Rwiew of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the re~iew indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of BIS Catalogue and Standards: Monthly .Additions. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. ET 22( 3856).

Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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