Technical Booklet

SYNOPSIS
ALCCOF FINE 1203 per rforms in supe erior manner th han all other mineral m admixtu ures used in concrete c within India. Due to it ts inbuilt CaO content, c ALCCO OFINE 1203 tr riggers two way y reactions dur ring hydration Primary reaction of cement hydration.
Pozzolanic reaction: AL LCCOFINE also consume es by produc ct calcium hy ydroxide from m the hydration of f cement to form additional C-S-H gel, similar to pozzo olans.
This boo oklet presents results of exam mination carrie ed out on ALCC COFINE 1203 in comparison n with Silica Fu ume in concrete e, and the effect it has on wo orkability, wate er requirement t, admixture requirement, stre ength and durability. Thus, ob btained results s confirm that properly desig gned mixes with w judicious use u of ALCCO OFINE 1203 ex xhibits superior properties than Silica Fume.
This res sults in denser pore structu ure and ultima ately higher str rength gain.
INTRO ODUCTION
As a res sult of growth in n advance tech hnology in conc crete, high per rformance conc crete (HPC) ha as gained world d wide popularit ty in the con nstruction indu ustry since 19 990. In practic ce, high perfo ormance conc crete, are gen nerally characte erized by high cement c factors and very low W/C W ratios. Such concrete su uffer from two major m weaknes sses. It is extrem mely difficult to o obtained prop per workability, and to retain the workability y for sufficiently y long period of o time with suc ch concrete mixes. High dosa age of high ra ange water red ducing agents(H HRWR) then become b a necessity, and resu ulting cohesive e and thixotropic, sticky mixes s are equally difficult d to place e and compact t fully and effic ciently. These problem indicate e that there is probably a crit tical limit for the e water conten nt below which high HRWR dosage d become not only esse ential but also unhelpful and undesirable, and a often even n harmful from a durability po oint of view. In high performance p co oncrete applica ations, Silica Fume is genera ally proposed as a the appropria ate cement ext tender where high h strength, low permeability are the pr rime requirements. Though silica fume is s known to im mprove durability y, its addition in concrete is often negated d by the incre ease water and d/or admixture dosage requiired to improve the workability y and handling properties of th he fresh concre ete. ALCCO OFINE 1203 is a specially processed prod duct based on n slag of high glass content t with high rea activity obtained d through the process p of con ntrolled granula ation. The raw materials are composed primary of low ca alcium silicates. . The processing with other select ingredients results in n controlled pa article size dist tribution (PSD). The compute ed blain value based b on PSD is around 1200 00cm2/gm and is truly ultra fin ne. Due to its unique u chemist try and ultra fine e particle size, ALCCOFINE 1203 1 provides reduced water r demand for a given workability, even up to o 70% replacem ment level as per p requiremen nt of concrete performance. ALCCOFINE 1203 can also o be used as a high range wa ater reducer to o improve comp pressive streng gth or as a supe er workability aid a to improve flow. f
CHAR RACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIE P ES

As can be b seen in the chemical composition and physical p charac cteristics listed in Table 1, AL LCCOFINE 120 03 has got the unique u chemic cal composition n mainly of Ca aO 30-34% and d SiO2 30-36% %. Physically th he product is unique u
COUNTO MICROF FINE PRODUCTS PVT. P LTD. CORPORAT TE OFFICE: Velho Building, Second Floor, F Opp. Municip pal Garden, Panaji, , Goa 403001 (Ind dia) MUMBAI MARKETING M OFFIC CE Ambuja Cements C Limited, El legant Business Pa ark, 2nd Floor, Behind Kotak Mahindra a Bank, Off Andher ri Kurla Road, Andh heri East, Mumbai-5 59 Phone: 022-4 40667284 . E mail: alccofine.custome ercare@ambujacem ment.com . Web Sit te: www.alccofine.c com
with regards to its pa article size dist tribution. Figur re: 1, demons strates the com mparative part ticle size distriibution analysis. TABL LE. 1 Distinctive chemical co omposition and d physical comp position Chemica al Analysis CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3 SO3 MgO SiO2 Mass % 30-34 18-25 0.8-3.0 0.1-0.4 6-10 30-36 Physical analysis a Bulk Dens sity Surface Ar rea Particle sh hape Particle Size, d10 d50 d90 Range 600-700 kg g/m3 12000 cm2/gm / Irregular < 2 m < 5m < 9 m
Figure. 1 Particle Siz ze Distribution n

PARTICLE E SIZE DISTRI IBUTION
110 100 90 80 % Passing 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.1 0.5 1 5 10 18 8 25 45 65 75 Microns Micro Silic ca ALCCOFINE 1203 OPC
CONC CRETE QUA ALITY AND MIX DESIG GN

The quality and imperm meability of high performance e concrete are determined by the amount of f water utilized in mix design i. .e. the water/b binder ratio. Hig gh range wate er reducers (HR RWR) are exte ensively used to t ensure plac cement with low w water conten nts. The prese ence of extrem mely fine particles decrease es the permea ability and imp proves durability y. In order to measure th he effect of AL LCCOFINE 120 03 on the work kability, water requirement and a HRWR dos sages, three seq quences of con ncrete mixes were w prepared, based on the following f mix design methodo ology: A. Workability: Maintaining the e water/binder ratio, admixtur re dosage cons stant and meas suring the slum mp and compressive strength. s
B. Water Demand: Maintainin ng the admixtu ure quantity constant and varying v the wa ater/binder ratio and measuring the e slump and co ompressive stre ength. C. Admixture Requirement: Maintaining M the e water/binder ratio constant and varying th he admixture content c and measuring slump and co ompressive str rength. In all three method dologies binder rs are OPC 430 4 kg, Fly Ash h 80kg and alternately a using ALCCOFINE E 1203 40 0kg and Silica Fume 40kg as total binder content. The total binder co ontent was ma aintained const tant at 550kg/m3. Crushe ed Basalt rock k was used as a coarse aggregate and lo ocal river sand d was used as a fine aggregate. These materials used d were dried completely c befo ore using. The HRWR used was w Polycarbo oxylate ethe er.
EXPER RIMENTAL PROGRAM M

Considering typical mix x design, the fu urther changes were carried out o as per the described d meth hodologies. T TABLE.2 Typica al Mix Design Mass of Cons stituents (kgs) Mate erials Re eference Mix S Silica Fume 430 80 40 0 160 4 Sample mix m ALCCOFIN NE 1203 430 80 0 40 160 4
Cem ment Fly Ash Silica Fume Alccofiine1203 Wa ater Adm mixture
T TABLE.2 A: Materials Used Fo or Experiment
Material
Ceme ent Fly As sh Silica Fume
Brand Name
ACC Dirk (I) Pvt. Ltd. ORKLA A (I) Pvt.Ltd. (Former rly known as Elkem E India Pv vt.Ltd.) Glenium m BASF
Produ uct
43 Gra ade OPC P 60 920 D
Admix xture
B - 24 44
METHODOLOGY Y A: ASSES SSMENT OF WORKAB BILITY

From Ta able 3 and Fig gure 2 it is cle ear that replac cement of par rt of binder by y ALCCOFINE 1203 improve es the compres ssive strength as a well as slum mp of the conc crete subseque ently, even by maintaining water/binder w ratio and admixtur re dosage cons stant, in compa arison with Silica Fume. Due e to its unique particle size distribution and inbuilt CaO, AL LCCOFINE 12 203 results in to t formation of o dense pore structure, whic ch results in im mproved workability, workability retention an nd compressive e strength at all a ages. TABLE 3.: 3 Workability data for concr rete specimens s of equal wate er/binder ratio and a containing same amount of HRWR Assess sment of Worka ability Materials Re eference Mix S Silica Fume 430 80 40 0 160 4
Note:- Contents in kg/m m3
Sample mix ALCCOFIN NE 1203 430 80 0 40 160 4
Cem ment Fly y Ash Silica a Fume Alccofine1203 Water Adm mixture
FIGURE E 2. ASSESSMENT OF WOR RKABILITY

2 250 2 200 Slump in mm 150 100 50 0 Initial 30 min 60 min Period 90 min 120 min
Reference Mix M Sample Mix x
The rate es of strength development d fo or 1, 3, 7, 28 and a 56 days an nd workability of o concrete with ALCCOFINE E 1203 in compa arison with Silica Fume is sta ated in table 5.Which indicate e ALCCOFINE 1203 is better than Silica Fume as per the tests t carried ou ut. TABLE 4. 4 The effect of o ALCCOFINE 1203 addition on compressiv ve strength and d workability of f specimen with w equal wate er/binder ratio. SLUMP (mm) S Refe erence mix Sample mix m Silica Fume ALCCOFINE 1203 Initial 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min 1 Day 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day 56 Day 180 150 110 90 210 180 150 120 concrete e
60 95 Compres ssive Strength (MPa) 20.4 20.58 38.29 49.83 64.17 68.25
Note e:- Contents in kg/ /m3
45.11 55.72 67.44 70.42
METHODOLOGY Y B: ASSES SSMENT OF F WATER DEMAND D

The qua ality feature of o ALCCOFINE 1203 is th he optimized particle size distribution an nd unique che emical composition, which red duces the wate er demand to achieve a a spec cific slump valu ue. In this methodology, the binder content and admixture e content wer re kept consta ant and the outcome o on water w requirement, workabilit ty and compres ssive strength were w measured d. TABLE 5. 5 The effect of f ALCCOFINE 1203 on the water required to o maintain a co onstant slump. Assessmen nt of Water Req quirement Materials Re eference Mix S Silica Fume 430 80 40 Sample mix m ALCCOFIN NE 1203 430 80 0
Cem ment Fly y Ash Silica a Fume
Alccofine1203 Water Adm mixture
0 160 4
40 152 4
FIGURE E 3 A: ASSESS SMENT OF WA ATER REQUIR RED
Water
20 0
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
W WaterDem and in lit ters Reference Mix Mi icro Silica Sample mix ALCCOFINE 120 03
E 3 B: ASSEMENT OF WOR RKABILITY FIGURE

250 200 Slump in mm 150 100 50 0 Initial 30 min 6 min 60 P Period 90 mi in 120 min
Reference Mix M Sample Mix
It is clea ar from Table 6 and Figure 3-A and B that t decrease in water w content in ncreases the co ompressive str rength. Coming to workability, though the wa ater is decrease ed in sample mix m of ALCCOF FINE 1203, the retention of slu ump is better as s compared to o Silica Fume. The decrease in water demand is becaus se of high glass content whic ch has water repelling property y.
TABLE 6: 6 Compressiv ve strength and d workability of f concrete spec cimen with con nstant binder an nd HRWR cont tent. S SLUMP (mm) Refe erence mix Silica Fume Initial 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min 190 155 120 95 65 Compres ssive Strength (MPa) 21.3 38.75 50.02 64.50 68.50
Sample mix m ALCCOFINE 1203 200 160 130 110 80
1 Day 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day 56 Day
23.54 47.2 60.42 70.47 74.44
At a constant binder co ontent, the com mpressive stren ngth of concret te increased along with a reduction in water r. As a result the e assimilation of o ALCCOFINE E 1203 in conc crete facilitates a lower water/ /binder ratio, which in turn ach hieves improved d compressive strength at all ages and dura ability as well.
METHODOLOGY Y 3: ASSESS SMENT OF F HRWR RE EQUIREMEN NT

Finer pa article size res sults in renderiing more surfa ace area for pozzolanic p reaction, allowing g concrete ach hieving higher strength very ea asily. Due to optimized o partic cle size of ALC CCOFINE 1203 workable concrete can be made using les ss admixture co ontent. For this Methodology water/binder w rat tio was kept co onstant and HR RWR in case of f ALCCOF FINE 1203 was s reduced, to check the worka ability and com mpressive strength. TABLE 7: 7 Assessment of HRWR requ uired for a conc crete specimen n at constant water/binder w rat tio.
Assessment t of HRWR Req quirement
Materials
Reference Mix Silica Fume 430 80 40 0 160 4
Sample mix x ALCCOFINE 1203 430 80 0 40 160 3.00
Cement Fly Ash S Silica Fume Alc ccofine1203 Water A Admixture
FIGURE E 4 A: ASSESS SMENT OF HR RWR REQUIRED
Admixture
Adm ixture Dosage in kg
Reference Mix Micr ro Silica
Sample mix ALCCOFINE 1203
FIGURE E 4 B: ASSEMENT OF WOR RKABILITY

250 200 150 100 50 0 Initial 30 0 min 60 min 90 min m 120 min
Refe erence mix Micro Silica
Sample e mix ALCCOFIN NE 1203
It is clea ar from Table 8 and Figure 4 -A and B th hat even by re educing the con ntent of HRWR R ALCCOFINE E 1203 shows better b workabillity and compressive streng gth, as compa ared to Silica Fume. Using AlCCOFINE12 203 in concrete e specimen red duces the amou unt of HRWR as a compared to o Silica Fume which w in turn re educes the mix x cost. ALCCOF FINE 1203 prov vides a lower HRWR H dosage e to obtain a de esired workability. 8 Workability and a compressiv ve strength of concrete c specimen at constant water/binder r ratio. TABLE 8: S SLUMP (mm) Refe erence mix Silica Fume Initial 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min 185 150 125 100 60 Compres ssive Strength (MPa) 20 38.95 49.23 63.57 68.05
Note e:- Contents in kg/ /m3
Sample mix m ALCCOFINE 1203 195 165 130 115 75
1 Day 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day 56 Day
22.58 46.12 54.72 68.64 72.52
Concrete e containing AL LCCOFINE 120 03 display superior results of f compressive strength s as com mpared to Silic ca Fume.
DISCU USSION OF MIX DESIG GN CRITER RIA AND TH HEIR TEST RESULTS
The mix deigns containing ALCCOFINE 1203 are prepared to give optimum ad dvantages in terms of techniical as well as economical benefits. b The obtained o comp parative result ts clearly confirm the supe erior performan nce of ALCCOF FINE 1203 ove er Silica Fume. As per th he methodolog gies carried out t, in first case with w equal amo ount of water/b binder ratio and d HRWR in concrete specime en the compara ative results of ALCCOFINE 1203 1 is better than the silica fume. The res sults are similar even in other two methodolo ogies. Increase in strength & workability and a decreased HRWR ratio is mainly due to the optimize ed Particle Size e Distribution an nd proper chem mical composition of ALCCOF FINE 1203.
ALCCOF FINE 1203 fac cilitate to reduc ce water conte ent and/or HR RWR dosage to o provide supe erior performan nce of concrete e in terms of wo orkability and compressive c strength over Silica Fume. long ter rm pozzolanic activity of ALC CCOFINE 1203 3 can be observed as a func ction of its particle size distriibution and che emical compos sition. ALCCOF FINE 1203 res sults in to form mation of dens se pore structu ure and inbuilt CaO provides s increased sec condary hydrat ted products be ecause of whic ch improved str rength gain at early as well as a later ages are e observed. Se econdary hydra ated products formed due to o pozzolanic an nd Cementitiou us hydration re eaction fills the pores. This re educes the pe ermeability of hydrated h produ ucts to great extent e and pro otects concrete e from chemica al attack.
DURA ABILITY
Though the growing str rength is an im mportant criterio on for concrete performance, it sometimes fails f to give a desired d durability y. Under durab bility water perm meability and chloride penetra ation were mea asured most co ommonly. Engineers are, by nat ture, fascinated d and indeed obsessed, by high strength and very high strength con ncrete. Misconception is widelly-held that hig gh strength con ncretes are, pe er se, highly du urable. The impetus for highe er and higher concrete streng gths also came e from demand ds for exceptional increases in the height of o high-rise buildings and for long span bridg ges. High stren ngth concrete is often charac cterized by high h cement facto ors and very low w W/C ratios. Such S concretes generally su uffer from two o major weakn nesses i.e. ex xtremely difficu ult to obtain proper p workability and to retain the workability for a sufficiently long per riod of time. Th hus concept of o strength through durabilit ty become es ssential. (Ref. concept of stre ength through durability R N Swamy Un niversity of She effield, England) d) Permeab bility of concret te often dictate es the performa ance with respe ect to durability y. Chloride e ion penetratio on is the most frequently spe ecified durability y criterion for a long term se ervice life of concrete structure es. RCPT AST TM C1202 is an Standard Test T Method fo or Electrical Indication I of Concretes C Ab bility to Resist Chloride C Ion Penetration.(Title of ASTM C120 02-05) ASTM C1202 C says th hat this test method m is app plicable to typ pes of concrete where corr relations have been establish hed between th his test proced dure and long term t chloride penetration p by ponding meth hod. (ASTM C1202 05,claus se1). Most importantly ALCCOFINE 1203 3 has ability to o increase the service life of o concrete by its Packing Effect. E Packing effect retards ingression of aggressive a age ents in concret te even by diffu usion and thus s enhances dur rability of concrete. The concr rete sample for r durability test t used was hav ving same pro oportion as in sample s Method dology A. To test ALCCOFINE A 12 203 for Chlorid de penetration we w have used ASTM C 1543.
WATE ER PERMEA ABILITY

The test t used to meas sure the imper rmeability of concrete c was DIN D 1048. According to this test the cubes s were initially water-cured w for r 28 days, and then exposed d to water pres ssure of 5 bars s for 72 hours after which the e cube was divid ded and the de epth of water penetration p mea asured. Penetr ration of less th han 25 mm is generally g considered to be imp permeable con ncrete.
TABLE 9: Water Permeability y (DIN 1048) Assessmen nt of water perm meability Mate erials Reference Mix Sam mple mix Silica Fum me ALCC COFINE 1 1203 Cem ment 430 4 430 Fly Ash 80 80 Silica Fume 40 0 Alccofine1203 0 40 Wa ater 160 160 Adm mixture 4 4 Water Pe ermeability 18mm 13 3mm
As per the results des scribed above we w can see th hat the water permeability p in case of ALCC COFINE 1203 is i less than that t of Silica Fume. Presence of f ultra fine Cem mentitious / poz zzolanic materials allows dens ser packing be etween cement particles p and re educes the wa all effect in transition zone be etween the pas ste and the aggregate. This refines r the conc crete microstructure and en nhances the degree d of imp permeability an nd the strengt th characterist tics of concrete e.
CHLORIDE PERM MEABILITY Y

The chlo oride penetratio on test was com mpared betwee en ALCCOFINE E 1203 and OP PC. The AST TM C 1543 test t measures the e penetration of o chloride iron into concrete. Three slabs of f concrete mea asuring 90mm + 15mm thick and a 300mm sq quare surface area. The slab bs used were water w cured fo or 28 days. Aft ter the condition ning period 3% % NaCl solution was ponded d on a top surf face for 90 days, while the bottom b face was left exposed d to drying environment. At th he end of this time t powdered d samples by rotary r impact hammer are ob btained at variou us depths (10 0-20, 25-35, 40-50, 4 55-65m mm). Chloride content of the e sample from m each depth were determin ned and reporte ed. TABLE 10 1 : Concrete mix m design for chloride c perme eability test Conc crete Mix Desig gn Mat terials Cem ment Alccof fine1203 Water Adm mixture Reference Mix 400 0 160 2
Sample mix x ALCCOFINE E 1203 360 40 160 2
TABLE 11 1 : The ASTM M C 1543 test / salt ponding te est
Depth h of Sample Extra action (mm) Top p Surface 5 mm m depth 10 mm m depth 15 mm m depth 20 mm m depth 25 mm m depth 30 mm m depth 35 mm m depth
Results s (% by mass) Chloride e content for OP PC concrete Co ontrolled Mater rial 0.4 0.31 0.29 0.2 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.11
Chlo oride content with w AL LCCOFINE 120 03 o.3900 0.045 0.0056 0.0051 0.0051 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048
Because e of its finer pore p structure and chemical stability, ALCC COFINE 1203 in concrete is s substantially y more resistant t to chloride diffusion. Thus, it reduces the e penetration of o chlorides in concrete and protects embedded steel from m corrosion. CaO ava ailable in ALC CCOFINE 1203 3 Contribute to o maintain Ca aOH as buffer r in pore Solut tion, which he elps to maintain n pH of pore so olution. Denser pore matrix re estricts chloride e penetration an nd alkalinity forms passive layer on steel and d protect it from m corrosion.
TECHN NICAL BEN NEFITS

Till now we have condu ucted many tria als, at various organization o to o assess the properties of ALC CCOFINE 1203 3 and its perfor rmance in conc crete. These trials results sho own following benefits: b Fresh State Improves workability retention Improves flow abiliity Improves rheology Redu uces segregation Redu uces heat of hy ydration Hardened state Improves durability y Improves resistanc ce to ASR Improves strength at a all ages Improves resistanc ce to chemical attack a / corros sion Impa arts light color Lowe ers permeabilit ty
APPLI ICATIONS
The application of ALC CCOFINE 1203 3 in various Cem mentitious materials are gives s below: High rise Structure Marine Structure Ports Roads Bridges
SUMM MARY
ALCCOF FINE 1203 ca an be used as practical su ubstitute for Silica Fume as s per the resu ults obtained. If the advantag ges of ALCCO OFINE 1203 are e observed in the t concrete mix m design, the initial rate of strength development was foun nd to be increa ased or similar as a that of Silica a Fume. Durabilit ty test measurin ng the water pe ermeability sho owed better res sults than the Silica S Fume. But in ca ase of chloride e permeability we have comp pared ALCCOF FINE 1203 with h OPC and the e results show ws less permeab bility incase of ALCCOFINE A 1203 than that of o OPC. The use e of ALCCOFIN NE 1203, as an a alternative to t Silica Fume can be effect tive in enhanciing the proper rties of concrete e, both in its fre esh and hardened state. Due e to the lower water w demand, ALCCOFINE 1203 can be ideally used to: ter/binder ratio o Lower the wat Use of more cost-effective c a admixture dosages A combination n of above
ALCCOF FINE 1203 is a new genera ation supplementary cementitious materia al (SCM) with a built-in high h tech content. In spite of its high fineness it does not increase water de emand at the dosage d range of o 5 to 15 perc cent of normal OPC O in genera al. In fact concr rete slump is seen s to be imp proved, due to the dense pac cking of cemen ntitious material, , producing low w void content. The use of AL LCCOFINE 1203 results in hydrated cemen nt matrix to com mprise of very small s pores. Strength h development t increases dra astically at ea arly ages and the later on strengths s are higher compared to traditiona al supplementa ary cementitiou us material due e to its unique PSD. Concrete es of over 100 MPa (HPC / UHPC) U are poss sible to be mad de using ALCCOFINE 1203. Judicious J use e of ALCCOFIN NE 1203 can produce p concr rete of superior properties and performan nce in every way

Technical Booklet

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SYNOPSIS

CHAR RACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIE P ES

Figure. 1 Particle Siz ze Distribution n

CONC CRETE QUA ALITY AND MIX DESIG GN

EXPER RIMENTAL PROGRAM M

T TABLE.2 A: Materials Used Fo or Experiment

METHODOLOGY Y A: ASSES SSMENT OF WORKAB BILITY

Sample mix ALCCOFIN NE 1203 430 80 0 40 160 4

FIGURE E 2. ASSESSMENT OF WOR RKABILITY

Reference Mix M Sample Mix x

45.11 55.72 67.44 70.42

METHODOLOGY Y B: ASSES SSMENT OF F WATER DEMAND D

Cem ment Fly y Ash Silica a Fume

Alccofine1203 Water Adm mixture

FIGURE E 3 A: ASSESS SMENT OF WA ATER REQUIR RED

E 3 B: ASSEMENT OF WOR RKABILITY FIGURE

Reference Mix M Sample Mix

Sample mix m ALCCOFINE 1203 200 160 130 110 80

1 Day 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day 56 Day

23.54 47.2 60.42 70.47 74.44

METHODOLOGY Y 3: ASSESS SMENT OF F HRWR RE EQUIREMEN NT

Assessment t of HRWR Req quirement

Reference Mix Silica Fume 430 80 40 0 160 4

Sample mix x ALCCOFINE 1203 430 80 0 40 160 3.00

Cement Fly Ash S Silica Fume Alc ccofine1203 Water A Admixture

Note:- Contents in kg/m m3

FIGURE E 4 A: ASSESS SMENT OF HR RWR REQUIRED

Adm ixture Dosage in kg

Reference Mix Micr ro Silica

Sample mix ALCCOFINE 1203

FIGURE E 4 B: ASSEMENT OF WOR RKABILITY

Refe erence mix Micro Silica

Sample e mix ALCCOFIN NE 1203

Sample mix m ALCCOFINE 1203 195 165 130 115 75

1 Day 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day 56 Day

22.58 46.12 54.72 68.64 72.52

WATE ER PERMEA ABILITY

CHLORIDE PERM MEABILITY Y

Sample mix x ALCCOFINE E 1203 360 40 160 2

TABLE 11 1 : The ASTM M C 1543 test / salt ponding te est

TECHN NICAL BEN NEFITS

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