Assessment 2: Essay

A 2,000 word essay* worth 35% and due by 4:00pm MONDAY 14th October 2013 Choose ONE of the following questions to answer. 1. 2. What were the key institutions of the Terror in revolutionary France (1793-1794) and what was the Terror meant to achieve? The doctrine of propaganda of the deed provided ideological justification for revolutionary terrorist acts, but does it alone explain the outburst of Anarchist violence, bombings and terrorism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Was it the use of high explosives (dynamite and nitro-glycerine) alone that placed the Clan na Gael at the forefront of terrorist innovation in the 1880s? Why did revolutionary terrorism in Tsarist Russia between 1900 and 1917 end up attracting the mad, bad and dangerous? Why did the FLN adopt terrorism and terrorist methods in the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962)? How do you explain the growth of the urban guerrilla movements and state terrorism in Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s? Lohamei Herut Israel Lehi (Fighters for the Freedom of Israel - Lehi) or more commonly the Stern Gang were happy to call themselves terrorists. Where all the underground Jewish resistance organizations in Palestine terrorists? Why did Palestinian militant groups fighting for a homeland resort to aircraft hijackings in the late 1960s and early 1970s? Groups like the Red Army Faction (better known as Baader-Meinhof) appeared more interested in violence and terrorism for its own sake than revolutionary struggle. Discuss.

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10. Why did the Khmer Rouge institute a campaign of terror in Cambodia between 1975 and 1979?

11. What are the similarities and differences (both in terns of cause and effect) between Pol Pots genocide in Cambodia (1975-79) and the Terror in revolutionary France (1793-94)? 12. In a speech to Congress on 20 September 2001 US President George W Bush said that on 11 September 2001 enemies of freedom had committed an act of war against the United States. Were the events of 9/11 an act of war, the manifestation of a new kind of terrorism, or simply a terrorist act on an unprecedented scale? 13. Were these members of Jemaah Islamiyah who were responsible for the Bali bombings in 2002 primarily motivated by political or religious grievances? 14. The terrorism used by both sides, Republican and Loyalist, during The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1969-2005), never achieved the results expected of it. Discuss. *Please note that the essay will need to be properly researched with around 1012 sources cited in your bibliography. Furthermore ALL sources must be appropriately cited, using traditional footnotes, in the essay. If you are unsure what to footnote and how to do it please consult the History Guide to the Writing, Presentation, and Referencing of Essays that you can find at the bottom (section 14) of the Wattle Site for the course HIST1209.