CHEMISTRY EASY NOTES 2013 BY ADAM DANIAL AKBAR

Exothermic reaction (Example : Neutralisation )

Th

HCl + NaOH

H = -57 kJmol-1 NaCl + H2O

State the type of reaction 1 State heat energy released/absorbed .. 2 State H . 3 Total energy reactants </> total energy rpoducts 4 State H. 5 Temp. increases/decreases. 6 Bond formation/ bond breaking 7 The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution is exothermic. Heat is released to the surroundings during the reaction. During the reaction, one mole of hydrochloric acid reacts with one mole of sodium hydroxide solution to produce one mole of sodium chloride and one mole of water, the heat of reaction is 57 kJ mol-1 The total energy of one mole of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution is higher than the total energy of sodium chloride and water. The difference in total energy content of reactants and products is 57 kJ. The temperature of reaction mixture of increases during the reaction. The heat energy absorbed during bond breaking in reactants is higher than heat energy releases during bond formation in product.

CHEMISTRY EASY NOTES 2013 BY ADAM DANIAL AKBAR

Endothermic reaction (Example : Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water)

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Na4 + NO3

H = +26 kJmol-1 NH4NO3

Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water is an endothermic reaction. Heat energy is absorbed from the surroundings during the reaction. During the reaction, one mole of ammonium nitrate dissolves in water , the heat of reaction is 26 kJ mol-1 The total energy of one mole of solid ammonium nitrate is lower than total energy of ammonium nitrate solution. The difference in total energy content of reactants and products is 57 kJ. The temperature of reacting mixture decreases during the reaction. The heat energy absorbed during bond breaking in reactants is higher than the heat energy releases during bond formation in products.

CHEMISTRY EASY NOTES 2013 BY ADAM DANIAL AKBAR

Th

COMPARISON BETWEEN 2 REACTIONS

HCl + NaOH Na4 + NO3

H = -57 kJmol-1 NaCl + H2O NH4NO3

H = +26 kJmol-1

Reaction I

Reaction II

Reaction 1 is exothermic while reaction II is endothermic. Heat is released to the surroundings in reaction I while heat is absorbed from the surroundings in reaction II. The total energy content of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution is higher than total energy content of sodium chloride and water. The total energy content of solid ammonium nitrate is lower than the total energy content of ammonium nitrate solution. The heat released during the reaction I is 57 kJ mol-1. The heat energy absorbed during the reaction II is 26 kJ mol-1.