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PROGRAM: BS Geology
SEMESTER: 7th
COURSE TITLE: Engineering Geology
COURSE CODE: GEOL 410
CREDIT HOURS: 3
WEEK NO. COURSE TITLE TO BE TAUGHT
1. Mass Movement
2. Mass Movement
3. Soil Mechanics – Physical properties
4. Soil Mechanics – Physical properties
5. Soil Mechanics – Physical properties
6. Soil Mechanics – Engineering properties
7. Soil Mechanics – Engineering properties
8. Soil Mechanics – Engineering properties
9. MID TERM EXAMINATION
10. Rock Mechanics – Physical properties
11. Rock Mechanics – Physical properties
12. Rock Mechanics – Engineering properties
13. Tunneling – Nomenclature & supports
14. Tunneling – Geological studies for tunnel route
15. Dam – Nomenclature & types
16. Dam – Geological studies for dam construction
17. Construction Material
18. FINAL EXAMINATION
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
FACULTY OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geophysics
SEMESTER: 5th
COURSE TITLE: Geology of Pakistan
COURSE CODE: GEOL 310
CREDIT HOURS: 3
PROGRAM: BS Geophysics
SEMESTER: 3rd
COURSE TITLE: Stratigraphy & Geology of Pakistan
COURSE CODE: GEOL 215
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Course Pack
PROGRAM: BS (Geo/Geop/ES)
SEMESTER: 4th
CLASS: BS
COURSE TITLE: Advance Maths
COURSE CODE: MAT 215
CREDIT HOURS: Three (3)
Biostratigraphy
Semester: 8th
Theory
What is Biostratigraphy? Concept of Stage and Zone, Rock Stratigraphic Units,
Biostratigraphic Units- The Biozone, Naming Biostratigraphic Units, Introducing the Basis for
Biostratigraphic Zonation: Changes in Organisms through time, Distribution of Organisms in
Space: Paleobiogeography, Dispersal of Organisms, Barriers to Dispersal, Correlation with
Fossils, Stratigraphic ranges and zones, Percentage of common Texa, Index Fossils,
Morphologic Features, Time and Time Rock Units, Accuracy of Correlation,
Course Objectives:
The objectives of this course are:
1. To discuss in detail and systemic way the rules and techniques of finding limits and continuity of
functions for single valued as well as for the multi valued functions
2. Finding ordinary derivatives/partial derivatives of every type of functions.
3. To discuss comprehensively several techniques of integration.
4. To discuss infinite sequences and infinite series.
5. Representing a function by a Taylor and Maculaurin series.
6. Maximization and Minimization of functions.
7. The concept of multiple integrals with applications.
8. Vector and analytic geometry in space.
Course outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course the student will master the following:
1. Finding limits and continuity of functions.
2. Evaluating limits and continuity of function of several variables.
3. Finding ordinary/partial derivatives of every type of functions.
4. Evaluating all types of integrals.
5. Finding the convergence and divergence of infinite series by using Integral test, Ratio test, Root
test and divergent test.
6. Representing a function by Taylor and Maculaurin series.
7. Finding extreme values, points of inflection and saddle points.
8. Finding multiple integrals, Fubini’s theorem, areas, moments, Volume of a region in space.
9. Three dimensional analytic geometry
10. Equations of lines and planes in space, Vectors in space.
Evaluation Criteria:
Quizzes Schedule
Quiz # 1 Week 4
Quiz # 2 Week 6
Quiz # 3 Week 8
Quiz # 4 Week 12
Assignments
Weekly Plan:
Week Topic covered Remarks Signature
#
1 1st Hour Informal definition of Limit, examples, rules for finding
limits.
2nd Hour concept of one sided limit, Examples
3rd Hour Exercises, continuity of functions, rules of continuity,
Recommended Books:
1. G.B. Thomas and R.L Finny, Calculus and analytic Geometry,9th Edition, John Willy and Sons, 2003
2. E.W. Swokowski, Calculus and analytic Geometry, 4th Edition, Pws.Kent Publishing company, Boston
3. Calculus and Analytical Geometry by Howard. Anton
B.S-6
Course title: Technical Writing
Course Code: Eng-121
Credit Hours: Three (3)
Pre Requisite: None
Aims & Objectives: Good communications are essential in any career a professional
chooses. Jobs, promotions, raises and professional prestige
result from one’s ability to present both written and visual
information effectively. With so much to stake, a person needs a
simple road map to direct him toward writing excellence.
Technical Communication: A practical approach is such a map.
Technical communication is generic term, for all written and
oral communications done on the job-whether in business
industry or other professions. It is identified with documents in
technology, engineering, science, the health professions and
other fields with specialized vocabularies.
Technical writing, Professional writing, Business writing and
Occupational writing refer to writing done in one’s career.
It places greater emphasis on techniques of organization and
format that help readers find important information as quickly as
possible.
The more the students know about some basic technical writing
skills, the better job of writing they are likely to do. And that will
be good for the projects they work on, for the organization they
work in and most of all –good for them and their career.
Contents: WEEK
1) Introduction to Technical Writing.
• Defining technical communication
• Features of academic writing
• Features of technical communication
• Determining the purpose
• Analyzing your readers
• Writing initial drafts & revising drafts
• Opening and closing paragraphs
2) Letter Writing
• Formal and informal letters
• Formats of formal letters
• Standard and optional parts of letter
• Punctuation, paragraphing, spacing
• Direct (Deductive) and indirect (inductive) approach
• Inquiry and order letters
• Replies to inquiry and order letter
3) Memorandum and Emails
• Guidelines for writing emails
• Formats of Memos and guidelines for writing
4) Describing and summarizing technical information
• Précis writing- Rules and making sentences short
grammatically
• Difference between summary and Précis
• Picking up main ideas and identifying supporting
details
5) Professional Presentations
• Writing steps
• Types of delivery of speeches (Presentations)
• Role of audio visual aids
• Requirements for speaker and speech
6) Writing C.V and Job Applications
• Cover letter: Different formats and requirements
• C.V: Features of designing biodata
7) Grammar, Listening skills, Speaking skills and
Reading skills
• Global listening: for main ideas (Taped Programms)
• Sub skills of reading: Skimming, Scanning, Intensive
and Extensive Reading
• Different topics for speaking skills
• Grammar activities: article, voice, phrases, clauses,
sentence structures etc.
8) Ethics and Globalism in the workplace
• Corporate culture in the new century
• Elements of a company’s culture
• The Global workplace
• Ethics on the job
9) Page Design
• Guidelines for page design
• Fonts and color
• Computers in the writing process
Recommended 1- Business English
Text Books: Writing for the Global Workplace
(Grammar) By Dona J. Young
2- Communication Sills for Engineers
Sunita Mishra
C. Muralkrishna
3- Business Letters for all (Oxford
University Press)
4- Effective Technical Communication
(Mc Craw Hill Companies)
Ashraf Rizvi
5- Technical Communication
A Practical Approach (6th Edition)
William Sanoborn Pfeiffer
T.V.S Padmaja
Lecture Plan
Course Title: Mineralogy & Crystallography
Semester: B.S II Course Code: GEOL-115
Credit Hours: 3 Pre-Requisite: GEOL-105
Objectives
At the end of this course the students will be able to
• Define crystal
• Familiarize with elements of symmetry
• Describe normal classes of crystal systems
• Describe physical properties of minerals
Outline of Lecture Plan
Week Topics
Week 1
- Introduction to Crystallography
- Characteristics of crystals
- Terms related to crystals
Week 2
- Process of crystallization
- Concept of symmetry
Week 3
- Laws of crystallography
- Elements of symmetry
Week 5
- Crystal notation
- Crystallographic axes
- Crystal systems
Week 6
- Axial ratios
- Parameters
- Miller indices
- Classes of crystal systems
Week 7
- Crystal forms; open & closed
- Normal classes of crystal systems
Week 8
- Lab work: study of symmetry of crystal
models
Week 11
- Physical properties of minerals
Week 12
- Introduction to chemical mineralogy
- Chemical analysis
- Derivation of chemical formula of minerals
Week 13
- Lab: Activity about rock forming minerals
Week 14
- Description of oxide minerals
- Description of sulphate minerals
- Description of carbonate minerals
Week 15
- Lab: Hardness
Week 16
- Description of sulphosalts minerals
- Description of sulphide minerals
- Description of halide minerals
Week 17
- Description of silicate minerals
- Lab: Tenacity & other special properties
LETTER GRADES:
= 66 - 71% < 50
A =
=87-100%
80-86% C+ = 60-65% F attendance<80% L Later on
B+ C I
= 72 - 79% =50- 59% Withdrawn
B D W
RULES:
In all exams and assignments, students are expected to follow and obey the
Rules of Bahria University.
ATTENDANCE IN CLASSES: is required in the lectures and in the lab sessions.
An excuse for absence will be entertained if endorsed by the Student Affairs
Department. Regular attendance will be rewarded; but an "I" grade will be
reported for any student whose unexcused absence exceeds 20% of the total
class/lab hours.
MAKE-UP EXAMINATIONS: are not allowed for any absence in quizzes or
exams without acceptable excuse. In the case of illness or other documented
non-scheduled absence, make-up may be done within one week of return to
class at the discretion of the instructor.
INSTRUCTOR’S AVAILABILITY:
Apart from classes and labs, the instructor will be available in his office
not only in his office hours but also any time during all the working hours
for discussing any matter or problem related to the studies, lab work,
homework, term paper, etc. Students are welcome to contact the instructor
ANYTIME for consultation or assistance pertaining to the understanding of
lectures and lab work.
HEC- recommended course for Economic Geology (GEOL-510):
Introduction to economic minerals and rocks and their classification. Processes of
formation of economic mineral deposits: magmatic segregation, hydrothermal
solution, metasomatism, sedimentation, evaporation, residual and mechanical
concentration and metamorphism. Relationship of mineral deposits to plate
tectonic settings. Introduction of geological exploration / prospecting. Brief
description of hydrocarbons, coal, gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold,
chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulphur, barite, fluorite, clays,
phosphorite, building stones, industrial rocks and radioactive minerals and rocks
with special reference to deposits in Pakistan.
LAB: Identification and description of ores and industrial minerals / rocks. Grade
and reserve estimation of deposits.
Bahria University Islamabad
Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Course Outline
Course Objectives
The aim is to provide the students with a course that focuses on their needs as learners of
English in the present day. Accordingly, the emphasis will be on the communicative use of
contemporary English for practical purposes. The course will, therefore , provide material
not only to extend the students’ general language proficiency, but also to systematically
develop their abilities to use English as a tool for study and to prepare them for their future
careers.
Course Requirement
Attendance and Class participation: 10 Marks
Mid -Term : 25 Marks
Quizzes, Class assignments: 25 Marks
Final Term :40 Marks
Unannounced Quizzes
There will be unannounced quizzes taken randomly throughout this course. There will be
absolutely no makeup for these quizzes.
Course Outline
• Vocabulary Building Skills
• Essay Writing
• Summary Writing
• Descriptive Writing
• Speaking with Purpose
• Tips for Effective Presentation
• Dealing with Arguments
• Analyzing Theme of Written text
• Reading and Comprehension
• Effective Listening
• Letter Writing
• Presentation Skills
• Developing Reading skills
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
FACULTY OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geophysics
SEMESTER: BS 2 Geophysics
COURSE TITLE:English ll
COURSE CODE: ENG-104
CREDIT HOURS: 3 hrs.
Recommended Readings:
Course Outline
Course Objectives
The aim is to provide the students with a course that focuses on their needs as learners of
English in the present day. The course is designed with the prime objective of helping
learners to improve and systematically develop their language proficiency . It would
include practice in all four language skills namely reading, writing, listening and speaking .
Course Requirement
Attendance and Class participation: 10 Marks
Mid -Term : 25 Marks
Quizzes, Class assignments: 25 Marks
Final Term :40 Marks
Unannounced Quizzes
There will be unannounced quizzes taken randomly throughout this course. There will be
absolutely no makeup for these quizzes.
English I
Course Contents
Recommended Readings:
Book: Current English Grammar
Author: Sylvia Chalker
Publication Date: 2000
Publisher: Oxford University Press
PROGRAM: BS (GEOLOGY)
SEMESTER: II
COURSE TITLE: FIELD GEOLOGY
CREDIT HOURS: 3
PROGRAM: BS (GEOPHYSICS)
SEMESTER: Spring 2009
CLASS: II
COURSE TITLE: FIELD GEOLOGY
COURSE CODE:
CREDIT HOURS: 3
INSTRUCTOR NAME: FIRDOUS KHAN
8 Continue + Assignment-I
9 MID TERM EXAMINATION
10 Geological mapping.
a. Geological pace and compass traverse
b. Finding and tracing contacts.
c. Mapping geologic structures.
d. Mapping on topographic base
e. Location on topographic base.
f. Interpretation of geologic lines on map.
11 Continue
12 Mapping on aerial photographs and imagery.
g. Study of aerial photos.
h. Field preparations.
i. Scale and orientations of photos.
j. Geologic mapping.
k. Compilation of data.
13 Continue + Quiz-II
14 Stratigraphic sections.
l. Measurement of stratigraphic sections.
m. Presentation of stratigraphic sections
n. Correlation techniques on different basis.
15 Continue + Assignment-II
16 Geologic illustrations.
o. Structural contour maps.
p. Isopack maps.
q. Lithofacies maps
17 Field work and report .
r. Observation of physical features.
s. Plotting on toposheet.
t. Study of geomorphic features.
u. Recognition of structural features.
v. Fauna observation
w. Study of primary and secondary structures
x. Quiz-III
18 FINAL EXAMINATION
Books (Text / Reference) Geology in the field by Robert R. Compton
Course Outline
Semester 8
Course Code GEOP-425
Course Title Geophysical Data Processing
Pre-requisite GEOP-405 & CSC-305
Credit Hours 04
Introduction; Basic principles with emphasis on mathematical
analysis; Review of Fourier transforms and matrices; Basic field
procedure; Computation fundamentals of interpretation techniques,
and application of the geophysical methods; Development of
theories of the discrete Fourier and z-transforms; Wavelets; Design
of digital filters (recursive, inverse); Convolution; Auto-correlation
and cross-correlation theorem; Deconvolution; transfer function;
Maximum, minimum and mixed delay wavelets; Application to
geophysical data.
Week #01
• Overview of the Course, Books recommendation, Evaluation Criteria
• Integrated Geophysical Methods
• Scope of different geophysical methods and specially Seismic Method
Week #02
• Gravity Basics and Gravity Data Acquisition
• Gravity Data Processing and Interpretation
• Gravity Lab
Week #03
• Magnetic Basics and Magnetic Data Acquisition
• Magnetic Data Processing and Interpretation
• Magnetic Lab
Week #04
• Electrical Basics and Electrical Data Acquisition
• Electrical Data Processing and Interpretation
• Electrical Lab
Week #05
• Radioactivity Basics, Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation
• Well Logging / Borehole Geophysics
• Quiz #1
Week #06
• Elementary theory of Seismic Method
• Stress and Strain, Types of Stress and Strain
• Seismic Constants and its Mathematics
• Seismic Waves, Their Types and Propagation
• Attenuation, Refraction, Reflection and Diffraction of Elastic Waves
• Snell’s Law, Huygen’s Principle
• Absorption of Seismic Waves in Earth Materials
• Velocities of Seismic Waves in Rocks
• Gardener’s Velocity-Density Relationship
Week #07
• Different Seismic Sources and Recording Instruments
• Seismic Refraction Method, Data Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation
• T-X Graph and determination of Velocities/thickness, Depth Model
Week #08
• Acquiring Seismic Reflection data on Land and Marine, Geometry, CDP shooting
• Anatomy of Seismic Sections, Noises and their types, Synthetic Seismograms,
Check-shot Survey, VSP, Revision
• Quiz #2
Week #09
• Midterm Examinations
• Midterm Examinations
• Midterm Examinations
Week #10
• Seismic Data Processing – General Flowchart
• Seismic Attributes (Phase, Velocity, and Frequency etc.)
• Fresonal Zone, Resolution, Horizontal & Vertical Resolution
Week #11
• Seismic Processing Lab-1
• Seismic Processing Lab-2
• Seismic Processing Lab-3
Week #12
• Fundamentals of Signal Theory, Wave, Wavelet, Ricker Wavelet, Spike etc.
• Digital Recording and Field Data Recording
• Standard Tape Formats
Week #13
• Normal Move outs and CDP Stack
• Common Pitfalls in Structural Interpretation
• Fourier Analysis
Week #14
• Multiples
• Deconvolution
• Migration
Week #15
• Presentation-1 for case studies
• Correlation
• Convolution and its methods
Week #16
• Seismic Processing Lab-4 (Software)
• Seismic Processing Lab-5 (Software)
• Seismic Processing Lab-6 (Software)
Week #17
• Presentation-2 for case studies
• The Convolution Model
• Quiz #3
Week #18
• Presentation-3 for case studies
• Research Paper - 1
• Research Paper - 2
Week #19
• 1. Presentations on the given Topics
• 2. Presentations on the given Topics
• 3. Presentations on the given Topics
• 4. Presentations on the given Topics
Week #20
1. Final Examinations
2. Final Examinations
3. Final Examinations
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
FACULTY OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geophysics/Geology
SEMESTER: BS – 2
COURSE TITLE: Introduction to Geophysics
COURSE CODE: GEOP-105
CREDIT HOURS: 3
51. Seismic Refraction Method; Head waves; travel time curves; First arrivals;
Determining Earth structure from travel-time curves; Derivation of Travel
Time equations; Sources of Noise in Seismic Surveys
The lab-work enables students to identify common rock types using hand
specimens and polarized light microscopic views, and calculate important
parameters for petrological studies and practical applications. The
students also gain some experience of interpretation of geochemical data
on rocks and construction of geochemical and phase diagrams.
Activities:
1. Lectures are held in an active learning environment, to encourage
interaction amongst students. Activities are organized to develop skills of
active learning, critical thinking, oral and written communication, and
group / team work; without loss of the course contents.
9. Basic rocks: gabbros, norites, troctolites, anorthosites and magnesiam (ortho-) and
calc-magnesiam (clino-) pyroxenites. Massive stratified complexes.
Diabases, basalts, spilites, feldspathoidal rocks, trachybasalts. Lamprophyres: calc-
alkaline lamprophyres, hornblende –lamprophyres, mica lamprophyres & alkaline
lamprophyres.
Mid-Term Exam as per announcement by University: April 6, 2009.
10. Intermediate rocks: andesites, diorites, latites, monzonites, trachyandesite, trachyte,
propylites. Syenites, feldspathoidal felsic rocks, phonolites, sodic phonolites,
leucitophyres, Feldspathoidal syenites, Nepheline syenites, analcime syenites,
pyroxenites, troctolite, anorthosites, carbonatites.
11. Acidic rocks: tonalite, granodiorite, dacite, quartz monzonite, rhyodacite, adamellite,
granite, rhyolite, textures of granites, China clay, granitization, contaminated acid plutonic
rocks: xenoliths & autoliths, migmatites, pegmatites, acid aplites & pegmatites, final and
initial melt pegmatites, granophyres, alkali granites, chranockites, granodiorites, tonalites.
Dacites, rhyolites. acid glassy rocks, potassic rhyolites, sodic rhyolites.
12. The ophiolite suite. Igneous Rocks and Plate Tectonics.
13. Experimental petrology. Phase Rule. Unary H2O and SiO2 systems. Binary systems,
solid solution, the lever rule, system MgO- H2O, sequence of equilibrium
crystallization and equilibrium melting. Intermediate compounds in binary systems,
congruent and incongruent melting, fractional crystallization and melting. Solid
solution in binary systems. System albite-anorthite. System forsterite-fayalite.
Ternary systems. Quaternary systems.
14. Processes and types of metamorphism and tectonism:
Metamorphic Processes. Definition and agents of metamorphism. Types of
metamorphism. Regional, thermal & dynamic metamorphism, dislocation
metamorphism, contact, dynamic and regional metamorphism.
Metamorphic textures. Metamorphic recrystallization. Crystal growth in a solid medium.
Crystalloblastic Series.
Porphyroblasts. schistosity & lineation. Gneissic structure. Relic textures.
Regional metamorphism, Isograds & zones of regional metamorphism. Seafloor
metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration. Burial metamorphism. Very low grade
metamorphism. The Barrovian sequence. Regional metamorphism of mudrocks.
Blueschist and eclogite facies. Contact metamorphism.
16. Metamorphic facies concept, facies series, Facies of contact -, low-grade regional -,
and high grade regional – metamorphism. Metamorphic P-T-t paths and tectonics.
17. Common metamorphic rock types. Slates, slaty cleavage, spotted slates, phyllites,
schists. Migmatites, Types of migmatites, diatexites. Marble. Greenstones, amphibolite.
Quartzite, eclogite, granulite, skarn, serpentinite, hornfels. Iron formations and
ironstones. Field relations of metamorphic rocks.
18. Graphical representation of assemblages and reactions. ACF, A’KF diagrams.
LABORATORY SCHEDULES:
LAB # TOPIC
1. Identification of hand specimens of igneous rocks.
2. Descriptions and illustration of textures of rocks in thin sections.
LAB. QUIZ # 1:
Textures, mineral composition descriptions, illustration and nomenclature of
ultramafic rocks by thin section microscopy.
3. Textures and mineral composition descriptions, illustration and
nomenclature of basic rocks by thin section microscopy.
4.Textures and mineral composition descriptions, illustration and
nomenclature of intermediate rocks by thin section microscopy.
LAB QUIZ # 2:
6. Textures and mineral composition descriptions, illustration and nomenclature of
acidic rocks by thin section microscopy.
7. Calculation of the CIPW Norm from given chemical analysis.
LAB EXAM. #1
8. Interpretation of binary, and ternary phase diagrams.
9. Textures, mineral composition and nomenclature of metamorphic rocks by thin section
microscopy, and in hand specimens.
11. Textures, mineral composition and nomenclature of metamorphic rocks by thin section
microscopy and in hand specimens.
12. Constructing metamorphic rocks graphical diagrams.
13. Study of hand specimens of rock samples collected during the field trip.
14. Study of thin sections of rock samples collected during the field trip.
BOOKS YOU MAY LIKE TO READ:
Hall, A. (1996) Igneous Petrology; Second Edition. Longman Group Ltd.
Williams, H., Turner, F.J. & Gilbert, C.M. (1982) Petrography, Second Edition. W. H.
Freeman & Co.
Schmincke, 2005. Volcanism. Springer-verlag, Berlin.
TERM PAPER: At least one term paper may be submitted on any topic of petrology. The
instructor will be available for consultation regarding its details and the sources. Term paper
length may be 8 to10 pages of A4-size; which may be handwritten. All sources consulted be
listed.
Term-paper topic selection before: March 9, 2009; submission by April 10,
2009.
Suggested topics include the following:
Pegmatites. Granites of Pakistan.
Precambrian rocks of Pakistan. Alkaline rocks of Pakistan.
Carbonatites and their significance. Petrography of Dammam dome.
Petroleum reservoir rocks of Pakistan. Ophiolites of Pakistan.
Mafic-ultramafic complexes. . Ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks..
Subduction zone magmatism. Amphibolites.
Ultrahigh pressure metamorphism The facies concept
Very low-grade metamorphism
Other topics not presented elsewhere, with prior consent of the instructor.
GRADE EVALUATION:
Class attendance =5% Term Paper/critique =5%
All quizzes = 15%
Mid-term major exam = 25% Lab work =5%
Final Comprehensive Lect. Exam. = 40% Field Report or homework =5%
= 66 - 71% < 50
A =
=87-100%
80-86% C+ = 60-65% F attendance<80% L Later on
B+ C I
= 72 - 79% =50- 59% Withdrawn
B D W
RULES:
In all exams and assignments, students are expected to follow and obey the Rules of
Bahria University.
ATTENDANCE IN CLASSES: is required in the lectures and in the lab sessions. An
excuse for absence will be entertained if endorsed by the Student Affairs Department.
Regular attendance will be rewarded; but an "I" grade will be reported for any student
whose unexcused absence exceeds 20% of the total class/lab hours.
MAKE-UP EXAMINATIONS: are not allowed for any absence in quizzes or exams
without acceptable excuse. In the case of illness or other documented non-scheduled
absence, make-up may be done within one week of return to class at the discretion of
the instructor.
INSTRUCTOR’S AVAILABILITY:
Apart from classes and labs, the instructor will be available in his office not only in
his office hours but also any time during all the working hours for discussing any
matter or problem related to the studies, lab work, homework, term paper, etc. Students
are welcome to contact the instructor ANYTIME for consultation or assistance pertaining
to the understanding of lectures and lab work.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
● M G Best, 2003.Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology,2ndEdition. Blackwell
Publishing.
● D.W. Hyndmann, 1995. McGraw Hill.
● M. Wilson, 1989.
● H. Blatt, Tracy, R. and Owens, D., 2005.
● W. G. Ernst, 1975. Metamorphism and Plate Tectonic Regimes.Hutchion &
Ross, Inc.
● F. J. Turner, 1981.
● J. D. Winter, 2001. Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology.
Prentice – Hall.
●H. G. F. Winkler, 1987.
●K. Bucher, and B. Frey, 1994. Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks. Springer-
Verlag.
●R. W. Maitre, M. J. LeBas, A. Streckeisen, B. Zanettin, B. Bonin (Eds.) Igneous
Rocks: A Classification and Glossary: Recommendations of the
● A. Miyashiro, 1994. Metamorphic Petrology. Oxford Univ Press.
HEC course GEOL-511 Ign & met Petrology: Composition, origin,differentiation and
originevolution of magma.Classification of igneous rocks. Petrography and occurrence of
the following series:Tholeiitic and alkali-olivine basalt. Basaltr-andesite series. Study of
granites, granodiorite, syenite, carbonatite, mafic and ultramafic rocks. Lamprophyres.
Facies analysis of volcanic rocks.
Types of metamorphism. Grades, zones and facies of metamorphism. Metamorphic
diffusion and differentiation. Study of thermal and regional metamorphism of
argillaceous, calcareous and arenaceous rocks. ACF and AKF diagrams. Metamorphism in
relation to plate tectonics. Development of textures and structures.
LAB: Megascopic and microscopic identification and description of igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ,ISLAMABAD
FACULTY OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Course Pack
PROGRAM: BS
SEMESTER: I
COURSE TITLE: Mathematics
COURSE CODE: MAT 105
CREDIT HOURS: Three (3)
WEEK
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
#
1 Quadratic Equation
2 Quadratic Equation
3 Partial Fraction
4 Number System
5 Matrices And Determinants
6 Sequences And Series
7 Mathematical Induction And Binomial Theorem
8 Trignometric Formulas And Identities
9 Mid-Term Examination
10 Function And Limits
11 Derivation And Integration
12 Derivation And Integration
13 Derivation And Integration
14 Analytic Geometry And Classification Of Conics
15 Analytic Geometry And Classification Of Conics
16 Analytic Geometry and Classification of conics
17 Analytic Geometry and Classification of conics
18 Final Examination
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1- Textbook of algebra and trigonometry for class XI (Punjab textbook board, Lahore)
2- Calculus and analytic geometry for class XII (Punjab textbook board, Lahore)
EVALUATION CRITERIA:
Quizzes 15
Assignments 20
Mid-Term 25
Final Exams 40
QUIZZES SCHEDULE:
Quiz # Timings
1 Week # 4
2 Week # 5
3 Week # 6
4 Week # 7
ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE:
1 Week # 3 Week # 4
2 Week # 7 Week # 8
3 Week # 11 Week # 12
4 Week # 15 Week # 16
MINERAL DEPOSIT EVALUATION TECHNIQUES
Ist week
Representation of mine data (introduction to
mineral deposits) that include mine
nomenclature, mine nomenclature such as the
definitions of ore bodies, access to ore bodies,
e.g. shaft, stoping, underground mining, and
open pits etc
2nd week
Gemstone mines of NWFP and Northern Areas,
general geology of the area and mining
geology (Video presentation). The gemstone
mines are Topaz, Emerald, Aquamarine,
Tourmaline and Ruby. Brain storming session.
3rd week
Mine sampling (introduction to sampling to ores
and ore deposits; general over view);
Characterization of mineral deposits for
sampling purposes such as veins, stratiform
deposits, sedimentary deposits, porphyry
copper-molybdenum deposits, shear zone
epithermal gold deposits, carbonate hosted
stratabound/Mississippi Valley deposits,
volcanogenic massive sulphides/exhalites.
Sampling of ores (Chip sampling, Channel
sampling, grab sampling, diamond drill
sampling, prospect sampling (pitting, trenching
etc. Sand and gravel sampling. Heavy mineral
deposits.
4th week
Mineral Resources of Pakistan (power point
presentation) and discussion/interaction; Heavy
mineral deposits and gold exploration
particularly in the placer deposits of Hunza
River, Northern Areas of Pakistan (Power point
presentation);discussion/interaction;Mineral
dressing an over view; QUIZZ = 5 MARKS
(VIVA VOCE) and oral presentations
5th week Mineral dressing (Heavy mineral separation
using heavy liquids; magnetic mineral
separator (iso dynamic mineral separator).
Group discussion and practical work; The
application of copper sensitive paints for
exploration; Use of portable XR; Power point
presentation on XRF analysis of rocks; Group
discussion; Technique of reserve calculations
for the Nagarparkar granite of Pakistan
(practical work).
Week Topics
Week 1
- Introduction
- Optical mineralogy & petrography
Week 2
- Petrographic microscope
- Types of samples
Week 3
- Light its nature & theory about light
- Wave nomenclature
- Reflection , refraction
Week 6
- Polarization by reflection
- Polarization by selective absorption
- Polarization by double refraction
Week 7
- Optical classification of minerals
- Refractive index
- Relief
Week 8
- Becke Line method
- Oblique illumination method
Week 10
- Extinction & its types
- Pleochroism
- Monochromatic illumination
- Polychromatic illumination
Week 11
- Interference colors
- Anomalous interference colors
Week 12
- Use of the accessory plates
- Determining slow and fast ray vibration
direction
- Optics of opaque minerals
Week 13
- Optics of isotropic minerals
Week 14
- Optics of uniaxial minerals
- Optic sign determination
- Uniaxial indicatrix
- Uniaxial interference figures
Week 15
- Optics of biaxial minerals
- Optic sign determination
- Biaxial indicatrix
- Biaxial interference figures
Week 16
- Optical study of minerals
Week 17
- Petrography of selected rocks
PROGRAM: BS Geophysics
SEMESTER: Spring 2009
CLASS: BS-3
COURSE TITLE: Programming fundamentals
COURSE CODE: CSC-120
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Book Recommended
C++ By example
PROGRAM: BS Geology
SEMESTER: BS-3
COURSE TITLE: Programming fundamentals
COURSE CODE: CSC-120
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Book Recommended
C++ By example
PROGRAM: BS Geology
SEMESTER: 1st Semester
COURSE TITLE: Physics
COURSE CODE: PHY-105
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Physics
Course Contents
Solar System:
Planets of the Solar System, Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation,
Kepler’s Laws.
Planet Earth:
Latitude/Longitude, Standard Time, GMT, Prime Meridian, International
Date Line, Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Seasons,
Optical Phenomena:
Mirror Image, Regular and Irregular Reflection, Refraction, Total Internal
Reflection and its uses, Fibre Optics, Dispersion, Rainbow.
Communication Satellites:
Satellites, Satellite Orbits, Geostationary and Polar-Orbiting Satellites,
Uses of Satellites, G.P.S.
Books Recommended:
rd
1. Physical Science, 3 edition by Bill W. Tillery.
2. Earth Science by Turbuck and Lutgens
Course Plan
(Physics -105)
Weeks: Topics:
FINAL EXAM
LECTURE PLAN
Course Title: GEOL-220 - Sedimentation and Sedimentary Petro
Pre-Requisite: (GEOL – 215 Stratigraphy and Geology of Pakistan)
Credit Hours: 03
Semester: B.S 4th Semester (Geology / Geophysics)
Course Objective
Evaluation Criteria
Assignments/Projects: 20%
Quizzes: 15%
Mid-Term Exam: 25%
Final Term Exam: 40%
WEEK 1
Introduction to the subject, objective behind the study of rocks and relation of this
subject with the other fields of Geology
Introduction to the Stratigraphy, Sedimentology
Stratigraphic Laws
WEEK 2
WEEK 3
Weathering and the Types of Weathering
Erosion of Sediments
Transportation and Deposition of Sediments
WEEK 4
Deposition of Siliciclastic Sediments
WEEK 5
Deposition of Nonsiliciclastic Sediments
WEEK 6
Descriptive Study of Siliciclastic rock
Sandstone and its Classification
Quiz 2
WEEK 7
Conglomerates and their Classification
Mud Stone and its Classification
WEEK 8
Descriptive study of Nonsiliciclastic rocks
Carbonates and their Classification
WEEK 9
Evaporites and their Classification
Introduction to Silicious Sedimentary Rocks
WEEK 10
Textures found in Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Structures and their Classification
WEEK 11
Diagenesis of the Sedimentary Rocks
Introduction to Sedimentary Facies and Study of the Facies
Quiz 3
WEEK 12
Introduction to the Study of sedimentary rocks in the Field
Introduction to Sedimentary Environments
WEEK 13
Continental Environments
(Fluvial, Desert, Glacial Environments)
WEEK 14
Marginal Marine Environments
(Deltaic, Beach, Tidal Flat etc)
WEEK 15
Marine Environments
(Continental shelf, Continental Break and Slope, Continental Rise and Abyssal
Plane)
WEEK 16
Practicals regarding Paleo-Current analysis for the Sedimentary Province
Discussion about the issues and problems in the course taught.
Recommended Books
2- Sedimentary Rocks
F.J. PettiJohn
Semester 7
Course Code GEOP-405
Course Title Seismic Exploration Techniques
Pre-requisite GEOP-205, 305, 315, MAT-215
Credit Hours 04
Physical principles and basic theory of seismic methods as used in
hydrocarbon and mineral exploration programs; Seismic refraction
survey methodologies; Special emphasis on physical, instrumental
and field procedures; Processing and interpretation of seismic
data.
Week #01
1. Overview of the Course, Books recommendation, Evaluation Criteria, Scope of
Seismic Method, Occurrence of Oil/Gas Traps, Seismic helps in Structure detection
2. Elementary theory of Seismic Method, Stress and Strain, Types of Strain
Week #02
1. Seismic Constants and its Mathematics
2. Seismic Constants and its Mathematics
Week #03
1. Seismic Waves, Their Types and Propagation
2. Attenuation, Refraction, Reflection and Diffraction of Elastic Waves
Week #04
1. Snell’s Law, Huygen’s Principle, Absorption of Seismic Waves in Earth Materials,
Ricker Wavelet
2.QUIZ #1
Week #05
1. Velocities of Seismic Waves in Rocks, Gardener’s Velocity-Density Relationship
2.Different Seismic Sources and Recording Instruments
Week #06
1. Seismic Refraction Method, Simple Two-layer case and its generalization
2. Dipping layers and Fault Case, T-X Graph and determination of
Velocities/thickness, Depth Model
Week #07
1. Different GRM techniques
2. QUIZ #2
Week #08
1. Acquiring Seismic Reflection data on Land, Geometry
2. CDP shooting
Week #09
1. Seismic Section
2. Revision
3. QUIZ #3
4. Revision
Week #10
1. Midterm Examinations
2. Midterm Examinations
3. Midterm Examinations
4. Midterm Examinations
Week #11
1. Acquiring Seismic Reflection data in Water-Covered Areas
2. Satellite Navigation, Integrated and Global Positioning System
Week #12
1. QUIZ #4
2. Common Pitfalls in Structural Interpretation
Week #13
1. Practical #1
2. Seismic Data Processing, Corrections, NMO
Week #14
1. Practical #2
2. QUIZ #5
Week #15
1. Practical #3
2. Migration
Week #16
1. Migration
2. Deconvolution
3. STATICS
4. The Convolution Model
Week #17
1. Presentations on the given Topics
2. Presentations on the given Topics
3. Presentations on the given Topics
4. Presentations on the given Topics
Week #18
1. Seismic Data Interpretation
2. Seismic Stratigraphy
3. QUIZ #6
Week #19
1. Synthetic Seismograms,
2. Check-shot Survey, VSP
4. 3D-Seismic Survey, their Design and Acquisition
4. Revision
Week #20
1. Final Examinations
2. Final Examinations
3. Final Examinations
4. Final Examinations
Course contents for Environmental geology, ES-305, BS 5th
Month Date No of Classes
Topics
11 2 Introduction to Environmental Geology
12 1 Basic concepts about Hazards
18 2 Floods (Origin and process)
February
19 1 Types of floods
25 2 Characteristics and factors controlling floods
26 1 adjustments and prevention
4 2 Earthquakes and their causes
5 1 Hazards related to Earthquakes
11 2 Earthquakes prediction and management
12 1 Preventive measures
18 2 Quiz No.1
19 1 Volcanic activity (Origin and process)
March
25 2 Hazards
26 1 Preventive measures
1 2 coastal Processes
2 1 Coastal Erosion
8 2
9 1 Midterm
15 2 Preventive measures
16 1 Landslides
22 2 Factors controlling Landslides
23 1 preventive measures
29 2 Excercises
April
30 1 Quiz No.2
6 2 Waste disposal types and its management
7 1 Management of waste disposal
13 2 Mining and its impacts on Environment
14 1 Preventive measures
20 2 Oil and Gas exploitation
21 1 Environmental impacts and their control
27 2 Concept of Urban geology
June May
NOTE: The case studies and examples from Pakistan are the mandatory part of each topic
Course contents for Petroleum geology, ES-325, BS 6th
No of
Month Date Classes Topics
11 1 Introduction
12 2 Origin of Hydrocarbons
18 1 Accumulation of Organic matter
February
25 1 Reservoir rocks
26 2 Sandstone Reservoirs
1 1 Limestone Reservoirs
2 2 Quiz No.2
8 1
9 2 Midterm
15 1 Seal or cap rocks
16 2 Structural traps
22 1 Traps in folded rocks
23 2 Traps in faulted rocks
29 1 Traps in fractured rocks
April
30 2 Stratigraphic traps
6 1 Introduction to sequence stratigraphy
7 2 Application of sequnce stratigraphy
13 1 Basic components of Hydrocarbons
14 2 Non Hydrocarbon constituents
20 1 Concept of petroleum Province and basins
21 2 Quiz no.3
27 1 Source rocks of Pakistan
May
4 2
LECTURE PLAN
Course Title: Structural Geology & Geotectonics (GEOL-110)
Pre-Requisite: Physical to General Geology (GEOL - 105)
Credit Hours: 03
Semester: B.S 2rd Semester (Geology and Geophysics)
Spring 2009
Course Objective
Evaluation Criteria
Assignments/Projects: 20%
Quizzes: 15%
Mid-Term Exam: 25%
Final Term Exam: 40%
WEEK 1
• Introduction to the subject, objective and relation with the other fields of Geology
• Some basics related to the subject like Bed, Rock, strata, Dip and Strike, Tectonic
Plates, Sediment, sedimentary rock, metamorphic and igneous rocks
• Stress and Strain (Basics for the Structural Geology and Tectonics)
WEEK 2
• Internal Structure of the earth
• Introduction to Plate Tectonics, Major plates of the Earth and their movements
• Continental Drift
WEEK 3
• Sea Floor Spreading
• Review of different theories about the plate movements (Convection)
• Tectonic Plate Boundaries
WEEK 4
• Mantle Plumes and their origin.
• Introduction to Orogenic process
WEEK 5
• Brief Introduction to the tectonic events in Pakistan causes the main deformation in
Pakistan
• Concept of Strain and different Stages of Strain
• Attitude of Bed Strike and Dip Concept, Bearing Concept and how to calculate them
in field
WEEK 6
• Folds (Introduction, Parts of a Fold, Anticline and Syncline concept)
• Classification of Folds
• Quiz 1
WEEK 7
• Fold Classification
• Faults (Introduction, general characteristics and nature of movement along Fault )
• Classification of Faults and introduction to the parts of a faults
WEEK 8
• An Introductory View about Recognition of Faults in the Field
• Unconformities
WEEK 9
• Introduction to the Tectonics of Pakistan and young Fold and Thrust Belt in Pakistan
• Quiz 2
WEEK 10
• Joints and Fractures (Introduction, Mechanism)
• Classification of Joints
WEEK 11
• Introduction to Mapping, Basic Parameters of mapping
• Geological Maps
• Topographic Maps
WEEK 12
• Quiz 3
• Introduction to Cleavage./Foliation
• Classification of Cleavage/Foliation
WEEK 13
• Mapping Exercise 1
• Mapping Exercise 2
WEEK 14
• Map Exercise 3
• Quiz 4
WEEK 15
• Introduction to the Geological Study in the Field
• Introduction to the Instruments frequently used in Geological field Excursion
WEEK 16
• Discussion about the issues and problems in the course taught
• Revision
Recommended Books
4- Structural Geology
Robert J. Twiss and Eldridge M. Moore
5- Tectonic Processes
Darrel Weyman
6- Global Tectonics
Philip Kearey & Frederick J. Vine