Wishram Texts

WISHRAM TEXTS
PUBLICATIONS
of the
American Ethnological Society Edited by FRANZ BOAS
VOLUME
II
WISHRAM TEXTS
BY
EDWARD
SAPIR
TOGETHER WITH
WASCO TALES AND MYTHS,

collected
by JEREMIAH CURTIN and edited by
EDWARD
SAPIR
LATE E. J. BRILL PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS
LEYDEN,
1909
PRINTED BY
E.
J.
BRILL,
LEYDEN (HOLLAND).
CONTENTS.
Page
INTRODUCTION
ix
WISHRAM TEXTS.
I.
Myths
1.
What Coyote The Origin

Coyote Coyote Coyote Coyote Coyote Coyote Coyote
did in this
Land
3 3
7
of Fish in the Columbia
and the Mischievous Women as Medicine-Man and the Mouthless Man and the Pregnant Woman makes a Fish-Trap
spears Fish
eats
n
19
25 27
29 29
31
Dried Salmon
The
Story concerning Coyote
Coyote and At!at!a'lia Coyote in Sklin Coyote and Itclfi'xyan Coyote at Lapwai, Idaho Coyote and the Sun
2.
35
39
41
43
47
.
The Salmon
Story
of Eagle
49
67 75
3. 4.
5.
Coyote and Antelope
The Adventures
and
his
Four Brothers
...
6.
7.
Coyote's People sing Coyote enslaves the West
95
Wind
99
103 105
107
The East Wind and

Coyote and
his
the
West Wind
8. 9.
Daughter
The
Visit to the
World of Ghosts
Brothers
10.
11.
Eagle and Weasel
117
The Five
Brothers
East- Wind
and
the
Five Thunder
121
12. Eagle's
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1
8.
Son and Coyote's Son-in-law The Deserted Boy Coyote and Deer Coyote and Skunk Raccoon and his Grandmother The Raccoon Story The Boy that was stolen by At!at!a'h'ya
133 139
145
149
153
153
165
VI
Page
II.
Customs
1.
174
175
177
2.
3.
Marriage Childhood Death
179
179 183 183
185
4.
5.
6.
7.
Medicine-Men
Clothing
First
Salmon Catch
8. 9.
Erection of Stagings at Cascades Right to Fish-Catches
187
10.
Training for Strength at Cascades Winter Bathing
187
189
191
11.
Rainbow and Moon Signs

Shaker Grace
at
12.
Table
193 194
III.
Letters
1.
Letter of a
2.
Letter of a Letter of a
Woman to her Man regarding

Man
Father
his Son's Illness,
195
and Klickitat
195
.
.
Version of Same Letter

3.
regarding the Death of his Son
197
4.
Personal Letter
199
IV. Non-Mythical Narratives

1. 2.
200
201
A
A A A
Quarrel of the Wishram Personal Narrative of the Paiute
War
205
227
3.
Famine
at the
Cascades
4.
Prophecy of the Coming of the Whites

Supplementary
229
(collected
APPENDIX.
1.
Upper Chinookan Texts
by
232
FRANZ BOAS)
2.
Coyote and Eagle, a Wasco Text The Boy that lied about his Scar, a Clackamas Text
233
.
.
235
WASCO TALES AND MYTHS.

Introductory Note
I.
239
242
Tales
1.
2.
A A
3.
Wasco Woman deceives her Husband Hard Winter near The Dalles An Arrow-Point Maker becomes a Cannibal
Diabexwa'sxwas, the Big-Footed Man marries a Person who is a
242
244 246
4.
5.
248
A Woman
and a
Dog
in the
Day
253
Man
at Night
VII
Page
II.
Guardian-Spirit Stories
1.
257
Spirit
. .
2.
The Hunter who had an Elk for a Guardian The Boy who went to live with the Seals
257
3.
Deserted Boy
is
protected by Itcli'xyan's Daughter.
259 260
III.
Coyote Stories 1. Coyote deceives Eagle, and stocks the Columbia with Fish, 2. Coyote is swallowed by Itc!i'xyan Fish-Hawk and Mountain-Sheep, and meets 3. Coyote imitates with Various Adventures
264 264
267
269
IV. At!at!a'tia Stories 1. Two Children escape from an At!at!a'lia 2. The Five At!at!a'Ha Sisters steal a Boy
3.
274 274 276

279 281
4.
5.
Jack-Rabbit Boy tricks an At'atla'lia An At!at!a'lia has her Arm pulled off The At!at!a'lia who was deceived by her
Two
Sons
282
V. Miscellaneous Myths 1. Eagle defeats Fish-Hawk, and pities Skunk 2. Eagle has Tobacco-Man and Willow wrestle with Abu'mat, the Columbia River to gamble, 3. Eagle, a-Klamath Man, goes to
4.
5.
287 287
290
292
Panther and Wildcat
fight with the Grizzlies

. . .
Old
6.
7. 8. 9.
Man Grizzly-Bear deceives the Five Brothers Five Stars visit the Earth The Ascent to the Sky and Return to Earth
Two
Brothers become Sun and
Moon
294 298 302 303 308

311
Singing and Dancing Festival
INTRODUCTION.
THE Wishram
Chinodkan
in
Texts, forming the bulk of the Upper material presented in this volume, were ob-
tained, for the
most
part, in
in
Yakima Reservation,
July
situated
and August of 1905. two episodes of I, i, 17, portion of the material (last 18; II, ii; IV, 3, 14) were sent to me after I had resouthern
Washington,
turned from
the field by
I
my
half-breed interpreter, Pete
McGuff.
taking
netic
As down
had taught Pete the phonetic method of Indian text followed in my own work, the
by him were all in strictly phoand are shape, published here with such comparaBesides tively slight revision as they seemed to demand. the two short Wasco and Clackamas texts that were collected many years before by Dr. Boas, and are here
additional texts forwarded
published as an Appendix to the Wishram Texts, these texts of Pete's are the only Indian linguistic material embodied in this volume not personally obtained in the field.
The work
in
Yakima Reservation was undertaken under
For the direction of the Bureau of American Ethnology. permission to publish the Wishram texts in the present
series
I
have
to
thank
Professor
W. H. Holmes,
of the
T
the
Chief of the Bureau.

material,
The remainder
W ishram
together with ethnological specimens and information secured by correspondence with Pete McGuff, was
obtained under a private grant from Mr. G. G. Heye of New York City. It is a pleasure to record his liberality in
this place.
The approximately 1500 Indians (according to the Census Report of 1890) who now make up the population of
[IX]
Yakima Reservation belong to two quite distinct stocks. The greater part (chiefly Yakima and
Indians)
linguistic
Klickitat
are speakers
of Sahaptin
is
dialects, the minority
(Wishram, more properly Wi'cxam,
Indians-,
their
own
name
for
themselves
Ha'xluit)
speak that dialect of
Upper Chinookan that is illustrated by the present texts; before their removal they occupied the northern bank of the Columbia about The Dalles. The number of the latter was given by Powell as 150 for the year 1885-86. According to the information supplied by Pete McGuff, the number of Wishram individuals still able to speak their
own language
is
about 150,
this estimate including those
that regularly live at the fishing village of Wishram on the Columbia. The more numerous Wascos (238 accord-
ing
to
speak
Powell) of Warm Spring Reservation, Oregon, the same language. As is to be expected from
the decided preponderance of Sahaptin Indians in Yakima Reservation, most of the Wishrams speak, or at least
have a smattering of, Klickitat, as well as their own language and the Chinook jargon very few, however, if
;
any,
Sahaptin-speaking Indians, can also speak Wishram, the language having a reputation for great difficulty, chiefly, it is probable, because of its harsh pho-
of the
netics.
The bulk
(I,
i
of the linguistic material obtained in the
field
[except last
i,
2)
two episodes], 2-10, 12-16; II, 1-5; IV, was dictated by Louis Simpson (Indian name ME'-
nait),
Pete
McGuff serving
III);
as interpreter; Pete
McGuff
1 (I, 1
;
himself was the narrator of most of the remainder

II,
6 io;
while
Louis's brother
Tom
Simpson
(In-
dian
name
Ta'xcani),
the
since
deceased head
of the
Shaker Church in Yakima Reservation, was the source of two very short texts (I, i [variant of second episode]
;
II,
12).
The seven
texts already referred to as having
XI
been taken down by Pete himself were dictated by various elderly Indians, Yaryarone, Sophia Klickitat, Jane Meacham, and A'nEwikus. A few words in reference to Louis Simpson and Pete
McGufT may not be out of

fair
place.
Louis Simpson
is
example of the older type of Wishram Indian, now Of short and stocky build, bow-legged passing away.
from constant riding on horseback, he is about seventy or seventy five years of age, of an impatient and somewhat
temperament, dramatically talkative, with a good deal of the love of gain and bargain-driving proclivities with which many of the early Western travellers charged
selfwilled
the Indians about

to
The
Dalles
yet, despite this,
be
a
of
lovable
personality,
owing
a
chiefly
he proved to his keen
sense
humor.
He
has
command
of
his
Wishram,
English
is
Klickitat,
and
the
Chinook jargon; but
extremely broken, hardly intelligible at times. Superficially, Louis is a convert to the ways of the whites in other
;
words, he
raises
is
a "civilized" Indian,
lives in a
is
and
is
sells
wheat and hay,
dressed in
frame house, white man's
clothes,
theoretically a Methodist.
of his mind, however, he is He implicitly believes in poses an unadulterated Indian. the truth of all the myths he narrated, no matter how puerile or ribald they might seem. Coyote he considers
tents
Judging by the conto all intents and pur-
as
highest respect, despite the ridiculous and lascivious sides of his character; and with him he is strongly inclined to identify the Christ of the whites, for
worthy
of the
both he and Coyote lived many generations ago, and appeared in this world in order to better the lot of mankind.
On
one
emphasis, ed by himself,
point Louis always insisted with great the myths as he told them were not invent-
but have been handed down from time and hence have good claims to being considimmemorial,
XII
ered truth.
as
a type his mother is only a half-blood (his father was a negro, a full-blood Indian). Having lived much of his life with
the
Pete McGuff, on the other hand, may serve of the younger generation of Indian, though
Wishrams, he speaks
in
is
their
language
fluently,
though
long contact
the Columbia
early
life
with the Cascades Indians on
phonetic
responsible for a number of un-Wishram obtained peculiarities that the linguistic material
exhibits.
from him
the
old
He
Indian
like
life,
has not of course that feeling for and faith in the truth of the myths,
5
that a
man
white
of his
to
disposed the ideas of the Indians in regard to He has been trained medicine-men and guardian spirits.
dismiss
as
idle
in
Louis Simpson has man's rationalism, he
nevertheless, in spite
is
not at
all
the
Agency
school, reads
and writes English
well,
and
;
in general displayed throughout remarkable intelligence he has been of the greatest help to me, both in the field and in correspondence, and I take this opportunity of
thanking him.
The arrangement
Customs,
Letters,
of the texts into the heads of Myths,

is
Non-Mythical Narratives, and Suppleself-explanatory,

effort
mentary Upper Chinookan Texts,

need not be commented upon.
to secure as
to
and
An
has been
made
many types of text as possible, both in order obtain a reasonably wide range of linguistic data and to give at least some idea of various sides of Indian life
and thought. Some brief remarks have already been made on the subject of Wishram mythology in another 1 The myths now presented, together with the late place. Mr. Curtin's "Wasco Tales and Myths," in the latter part
of the volume, will serve as evidence for the statements
there
made.
In
regard to the Wishram language
itself,
1 Sapir, Preliminary Report on the Language and Mythology of the Upper Chinook (American Anthropologist, N. S., Vol. 9, pp. 542-544).
XIII
it
intended sooner or later to publish a complete study deof it. Practically the only thing in print explicitly
is
1 The the brief article already referred to. English translation has been so arranged as to correspond paragraph for paragraph, and, in the main, sentence for
voted to
it
is
sentence, to the Indian original.

lation
;
Some
will find
the trans-
I shall more cheerfully bear this painfully literal charge than that of having given a misleading or slovenly
rendering.
cannot close these preliminary remarks without expressing my sense of deep obligation to Dr. Franz Boas. It was by his advice and under his guidance that the work
I
it is a product was undertaken a heartfelt pleasure to thank him for the friendly advice and assistance he has given during its prosecution.
of which this volume
is
EDWARD
Philadelphia, Pa.,
1
SAPIR.
March
19, 1909.
Sapir,
Preliminary
Report,
etc.
(American
Anthropologist, N.
S.,
Vol.
9,
pp.
points of structure are identical with those of Lower this dialect, see Swanton, Morphology of the Chinook Verb (ibid., Vol. 2, pp. 199-237) ; Boas, The Vocabulary of the Chinook Language (ibid., Vol. 6, pp. 118-147); and the more systematic study of Chinook soon to appear in Dr. Boas's Handbook of American Indian Languages.
533-542). Chinook. For
The main
XIV
KEY TO THE PHONETIC SYSTEM EMPLOYED.

I.
CONSONANTS.
/,
/,
b, d,
g
.
.
g
c
voiceless stops, approximately as in English. voiced stops, as in English. voiceless velar stop, like Arabic q. voiced velar stop, voiced correspondent of
q.
Apt
to
be
heard as voiced velar spirant (Arabic ghairi) after vowels.

,
(q"}
kx, qx
k u q*
,
k (and q} followed by marked aspiration. k and q followed respectively by their homorganic voiceless spirants. Probably best considered as somewhat exaggerated forms of aspirated k and q. k and q followed by whispered #, or, probably more accurately, accompanied by tongue-position and lip-rounding
of
.
//,
//,
k!, q! "fortis"
"exploded" voiceless stops. Pronounced with than p, /, k, q; glottis is closed during their production, release of its closure being subsequent to
or
greater stress
that
fl
of/,
/,
k, q.
voiceless
(or alveolar) spirant, approximately like English th in thin, or perhaps better like lisped s. Found only between dental (or alveolar) stops.
dental
voiceless prepalatal spirant, like sh in English ship. voiceless alveolar spirant, like English s.
tc,
ts
voiceless palatal and dental (or alveolar) affricatives, like ch and ts in English.
"fortis"
id, ts!
x, x'
consonants related to
k, q.
tc,
ts,
as are //,
//,
k!, q!, to
P,
.
.
t,
voiceless palatal
spirants midway, in place of articulation, between ch of German ach and ch of German ich. x~ is used to indicate pronouncedly forward palatal articulation, but it never quite gets as far forward as ch of
German
ich.
x
/,
voiceless
velar
spirant,
like
ch in
German
ach, but pro-
nounced rather
*
farther back.
....
.
. .
m, n, w, y,
as in English. h, voiceless palatal lateral
tongue covers larger part of front of palate, and may extend to lower teeth. same as t, but with initial stop (dorsal /) quality. Etymologically it is either derived from t-\-l or is merely pho;
netic variant of
I.
XV
.
"fortis"
consonant of
ts.
L.
Related to L
(=#)
as are
tcf, is!,
to
.
tc,
glottal
catch,
frequent as in
momentary closure of Lower Chinook.
glottis.
Not nearly as
Tabular View of Consonants.

Voiceless Voiced Fortis Voiceless
Voiced
Spirant.
Voiceless
Fortis
Nasal.
Stop.
Stop.
Stop.
Spirant.
Affricative. Affricative.
Glottal
qx
kx
VVISHRAM TEXTS
BY
EDWARD
SAPIR.
PUBL. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL.
II.
I.
MYTHS.
DA'UYABO wiLx. 1
1.
ISK.'U'LEYE QE'NGI GALI'XOX
The Origin of Fish in

3
the Columbia.
Isklu'lEyE
icqagi'lak gatca'wiqlaxit itcta'natck.
Kxwopt
galicglu'ya,
Ke'nua tkla'munak ickte'lgwiptck wimafta'mt. ik!a'munak gali'xox. Aga kxwo'pt na'qxi Gayuxu'ni. gacgigE'lga. Ge'ltptck, gali'kta ya/xiba ca'xalix, ikla^kac
x
5 galfxox.
gayaxalimaJx, wi'tla gayuxu ni. x 7 "Itkxwaîd idE lGacxlu^wa-it GackeÊlkfil yuqxE lqt. xam iltxni^ da^tex ilkla'ckac." Naxl^xwa-it axklE^kax
GasfxElutk,
:
"AntklgElga'ya." pt axg6 qunk na qxi tq!ex x gaklo'x ilkla^kac. Aga kxwo'pt luxu'nit. Axg6 qunk x 10 naxh/xwa-it Wa au axk!Er sgax "Isklu'lEyE ya'xtau." x gakfgE lgax, gaklakxa'-ima ilkla'ckac aknfmba.
:
Aga kxwo
tctoqlia^t. Luqxwflqt, galksu^lam. Gal7 x x x kci/x dakda k, i wi i wi gaJkcu^. Quctfaxa ika la ik!a cx x x kac. AxklE^kax gala kim "Itli/kti ik!a ckac ika la bam'
x
:
15
itk^munak." Aga kxw6 pt galu

1
ya,
short
Iq^p
They,
gagi ux iga'kwal,
Coyote as
others
Under
this
title
are
included
often
fourteen
as
myths dealing with

very
likely
culture-hero
and
transformer,
trickster.
with
not obtained,
the
evidently belong together as a sort of Coyote cycle, and were, with exception of the last two, told by Louis Simpson as one myth in the order
here given. up the great

pre-Indian
The conception
Columbia
the
as,
that keeps
in
them together
corrector
is
that of
Coyote travelling
age,
order
of the evils of the mythic or of the separate incidents being determined by the topo-
the
main,
I.
MYTHS.
DID IN THIS LAND. 1
the
1.
WHAT COYOTE
The Origin of Fish in

Coyote
served
in
3
Columbia.
fish
heard about
a pond. driftwood
two
women who had

to
river.
pre-
Then he went
from the
trying (to get
them as they were
collecting into a piece of
He
them
turned
to pick
himself
wood
him
up).
He He
drifted along-.
went ashore,
But then they did not get hold of him. ran off to way yonder up river, and
himself into a boy. He put himself into a threw into himself the and cradle, river, again drifted along. The two women caught sight of him wailing. They
transformed
"Some people have capsized, and this child is thought: towards The younger one thought us." "Let us drifting
:
get
hold
of
it."
But the
older
woman
did not want to
have the
child.
:
Now
it
was
drifting along.
The
older
"That is Coyote." one thought woman took the child and put
Nevertheless the younger it in a canoe.
home towards their house. The child was wailing, and they arrived home with it. They took off the cradle from it and looked closely at it. As it turned out, the child was a boy. The younger one said
started
:
The two women
myth
graphic sequence of the villages at which they are localized. Compare the Coyote in Boas's Chinook Texts (pp. 101-106) and Kathlarnet Texts (pp. 46-49), though the establishment of taboos, which is the chief conception in these, is
not at
2
all strongly marked in the Wishram Coyote cycle. Compare, as a striking parallel of this myth, Goddard's Hupa Texts (pp. 124, 125), where Yimantuvvinyai, the Hupa culture-hero, is also fed with eels by a woman
all
who guards
the salmon.
cie'lict
gagflukcmit
u
iak u cxa tpa.
tukc,
sa'q sa'q" gatccu'fxum. ciftukc citlfxka. Kxwopt gayugo'ptit,

ll
Na'wit kxopt gatccifKlu'na gagf lut, wft!a gatccikxa'-imat cftlix
yak
cxa'tpa.
Gackim
"logo'ptit;
ag'
atxifya
itklifna
5 tkla'munak."
Aga kxwo^t gactu ya yaî. ya xi ctu'it. Aga kxw6 pt dakda k

x x r
GalixlE'tck,
gatcc^kct
r
galfxox.
Aga kxwo^t
uxwaq!e
x i
gatci/gwiga
walal.
tcta^xlEm.
x
Kxwopt
galixHqtck
GatkE
kst
aga galixlxlE'mtck.
GatcugwiegE^x
x
itcx i
10 ta^xlEm
wilaâba uxwaqleValal. Tslsks gatcixlu'xix. gatcûxix.

daba.
x
Aga kxwo
pt
wi
wi
Aga kxwo^t
itgaûn gatcl^x, igaÊnac kwo x ba. Wi t!a gatclxl^ma x 15 WTtla da ukwa gasi^lutk.
r
"Dab' a'ntcuqxida'mix a QwEÊma atgi tfpa wrmal." yaga r E nEgi gatclu'x. kxwo'pt
Aga
gali^klwa'x Wi x t!a kwo x ba
itctoqlia^t.
galikxaMma
iga k!wal ci^lict.
Wi t!a
gayugc/ptit.
Aga gactuâmx.
x
"Y^qxwiu
x
ikla'ckac,"
lala'i
it!u kti
ikla^kac, iage'wam."
Gayutcu'ktix,
y^qxwiu
ik!a ckac.
x x
Aga Wi t!a
x
gack^mx, "pakxwo^t gaLo^we.

gacti^ya
tk!a
x -
20 munak.
Aga kxwo'pt nixElgaûlx. Aga kxwo^t Aga kxwo^t galixflqtck, saq u galixi^xumx. Aga kxwo^t naVit gayu ix liagaÊnba. Gayuâm ilifegaÊnba. Aga kxwopt gatcigE lga yaga bEn. Aga kxw6 pt gatcilgaît
ya
tcta^xlEm gatcu'gwigax.
x r x r x
-,
Wit!a
gatccgE lkEl
xi
cti/it.
25 wflExba wflsx galfxox L.'a x k yaga xbEn gatcfxga, dagwa^ x galfxox yaga bEn. Wi t!a fxt gatcigE'lga, gatcilgaîdix x x wi t!ax. Aga kxwo'pt gu t gatci'uxix wilx daiJaîJa'k
;
galfxox yaga bEn.

1
Wi'tla fxt gatcigE^ga yaga bEn.

to icga'kwal "eel" (duale tantum), a
Wftla
The second
-c-
refers
form used along-
side of iga'kwal (masc.).
And then she went than driftwood." and put its tail in his mouth. Then She gave straightway he sucked at it and ate it all up. him another eel, and again he sucked at it, (eating up) Then he fell asleep, and half the eel was lying only half. in his mouth. The two women said: "He is asleep;
"A boy
is
better
eel
and
cut
an
now
them
let
us
go
for
some more wood."

went
far
And
then
they
far
going
off.
Then
He arose and saw away. he made himself loose and

the fish on a spit; they were sight of the fish, which were
seized their food.
done and he
ate.
He roasted He caught
Then he examined (the lake) carefully, their food, in a lake. and discovered a spot where it would be easy (to make " Here I shall make the an outlet from it to the river). fish break out (from the lake), and then they will go to He made five digging-sticks, made the Great River." them out of young oak. And then he put them down in that place. He started back home towards their house.
Again, just as before, he put himself into the cradle. Again there (in his mouth) lay the eel's tail. Again he fell asleep.
sleeping," they the a And said; "very good boy, being great sleeper." then they retired for the night. Daylight came, the boy was
is
Now
the two
women
arrived.
"The boy
is
Again he saw them Then he got up and took their food. going far away. He roasted it on a spit and ate it all up. Then straightway he went to where his digging-sticks were. He took
sleeping.
Again they went
for
wood.
hold
of one
into
of his
digging-sticks.
;
Then he
it
stuck
his
digger
the ground
;
he pulled
out,
and the earth
was
up hold of another one and again stuck Then he loosened up the earth, and
2
all
loosened
his digging-stick broke.

it
He
took
into the ground.
his digger
is
was
all
That
is,
Columbia River.
river.
The word wi'mat
of the text
never used to refer
to
any other
All other streams are denoted by wi'qxat.
gatcilga'mitxix
daiJakiJa'k gali'xox dagwa't gatci'ux wilx,
yaga'bsn
yaga'bEn.
ilahi'n.
GatcigE'lga ilala'kt
wi'lx.
wi'tla L!ak gali'xox

;
A'ga gatcigE'lga tfagwE'nEma, gatcilga'mitxix
dagwa/t gatci'uxix 5 uxoqleValal yaga^liamt wi'mal.
Aga kxwo^t
gadlgusgwa'-ix
Aga
x
kxw6
r
pt
naxû^wa-it
"Nimxatxulal,
isk!u lEyE
'Htlu'kti
'IskluÊyE ya xtau.'
x x
A
x
ninxiki'xwan, x kcta yakla^sla-ix itcftxox txa ika
axo'qxunk na ilkla'ckac;'
1
gagu'lxam
da'uya wi gwa.
Niamtxulal,
x
'N^qxe
itxa
/
x
atkJgEl-
10 ga'ya
itxo^,
ilk!a ckac, isk!u lEyE ya'xtau.'
A kcta
giutkw6x
x
itcftxox
x
iskluÊyE."
Aga
gactu ya
tct6 qliamt.
r
Aga ya xt!ax
nu
r
galicglu'ya tctoqtia'mt.
:
Gatccu^xam
15
"Aga
Iga
pu qxa/ma mtE ux6q!e walal

7
x
gw omtkti/xwa? Emtetslfnon, ag-' ayamdulxa'ma mda !ka. Aga qloa'p atgadrmama idE'lxam da uyaba wflx EmtxEûitcatk." Aga idE'lxam qxawitcfmlit "du'lululu."
;
"Aga atgadfrnama da uyaba wi lx daxda uaitc itga^xlEm idE'lxam. Cmaîix aqiu xwa ixqleValal kxwo'pt pu amtedrmama mda'ika. Imda'xleu igi x6x isklwoâtsintsin
;
20 mda^ka.
Aga da uya wfgwa
ila'mtkulk
r
qe dau yamdi/px
quna,
ka,
x
'Sklwo'latsintsin.'
atkigElg^ya ixqleValal.
aqEmdupqun^ya,
Cmanix atgadrmama idE^xam Aga kxwo pt amtedrmama mda i'Isklwoâtsintsin icdrmam gatc; ;
cu pgEna iskluÊyE.' Qe'dau pu alugwagi'ma idE'lxam. 25 'Da'uctax gatctcxckE'm isklu'lEyE itcta'natck aga cda'x-
dax icdrmam.'"
Qe dau
and
agatccu'pgEna
isklu'lEyE.
Coyote
the Mischievous
Women.
Gayuya'2 x 7 nad wi i
Aga kxwc/pt
7
galilwilxt
wilx.
1
wi'mal
iskluÊyE.
r
gayu'yam ixtpo
GatcagE^ksl anE mckc

Contracted from na'ya.
broken to pieces.
digging-sticks.
He
took hold of another one of his he stuck

it
ground he loosened the earth all up, and his third digger was all broken to pieces. He took hold of the fourth one again
Again
into
the
Now at last he took hold of the fifth digger broke. and stuck it into the ground he loosened the earth all And then the fish slid over into the Great River. up.
his
;
Now
I
then
said to her
woman bethought herself. She "You said, The child is good;' companion:
the
older
l
Now this day Coyote myself thought, 'That is Coyote.' has treated us two badly. I told you, 'Let us not take
that is Coyote.' Now we have become poor, has made us so." Then Coyote they went to their house, and he too went to them to their house.
the child,
to them: "Now by what right, perchance, would you two keep the fish to yourselves You two are Soon now people birds, and I shall tell you something.
He
said
will
come
will
be heard "du'lululu"
they
ple's food.
Listen!" And the people could thunder "Now (like rumbling afar). come into this land those fish will be the peointo this land.
;
come.
I
Whenever a fish will be caught, you two will Your name has become Swallows. Now this day
;
have done with you; thus I shall call you, 'Swallows.' the people will come, they will catch fish and then you two will come, arid it will be said of you, The swallows have come; Coyote called them so.' 3 Thus will
When
'From these two did Coyote take away their fish preserved in a pond; now they have come." Thus did Coyote call those two.
the people say
:
Coyote
and
the Mischievous
Women.
Then Coyote
2
travelled
the
up the
river.
is
He went and went,

synchronous with the
first
This
explains
why
coming of the swallows
salmon-run in the spring.
mah
nEmckc
ag'
Aga
"QE'nEgi
kxwo'pt gagigi'lumnitck i'nadmax wi'mal nxfu'xwan ma'ikaba." Qxe'clau gagiu'lxam a':
isk.'u'lEyE.
Kxwopt
galixlu'xwa-it
"He
tq!e'x
ano'xw' anE'mEckc fga."
Gayaxa'limaix, IE'P gali'xox.
E'wi gaGasixlu^k-, kla'ya. Galikto'ptck gatcgElkslxpa. r Kxwo'ba cka'xax. Wi t!a gayal^xox gayaxaîmalxpa.
xa'limalx
;
k'p gali'xox ihcqo'ba.

x
Galixlu^wa-it
x
"Oucti
axa
tq!6 x cknuxt; icE
nq6q k!ma na
it!ax
incgeâqh"
Ga-
liktE'tck;
kla^ya.
10
Cta xya
"Qucti'axa
lixlu'xwa-it
:
i'nadix
q!a tsEnba gatcgv/lgElx. klwalalaq ckim/xt." Aga tcic
Nixtu'xwa-it
iki'xax.
"Qp/nigiska! qucti'axa istslfnon dfinu^x
Gax k!wa -
lalaq cknuxt."
:
Galixh/xwa-it
"Klwotk' a ga
!"
Gatcgi'-
luma "Aga mda^tlax kxwo'ba daîino' imtJtu'x tmttslfnon ihcqo'ba. IdE^xam alugwag^ma, 'Cda'uctox x Dafistslfnon gatccu^gEna.' lEyE gacki'iix k!wa lalaq minua wila'laba amtx^xwa istsliôn."
;
(Tom Simpson's
x
Version. 3 )
Gayi/ya icgagHak
20
lEyE
;
GatccgE'lksl ctmockt isklu'lEyE; La x gali'xux. "Mtf i'nadix ctuwi'lal. Gacgigi'luma

' : :
"L Aga kxwo'pt galixlu'xwa-it tqli'x qmuxt." antcu'xwa kaLla'latx, 'Axgi'kal nalu'mqta.'" Aga kxwo^t
niktca^.
axg^kal."
1
Aga kxwop t gatccu'lxam Aga wi t!ax gacgiu'lxam

r
"
:
Kwaic nigaÊmxt
r
"Emti';
tq!i
x qmuxt."
That
It
is,
does
with which to catch them, so elusive were they. not appear what sort of water-birds the mischievous
women were
transformed into, possibly divers.
and arrived
at
a certain land.
the river.
women
Thus
across
And
"
:
caught sight of two each shouted out to then
He
him from across the

the
river
How
fond
am
of you
!"
:
women spoke I should like now "Well,
to to
Coyote.
Then he thought
have the women."
He threw
-,
himself into the river and dived under.
where he had seen the two of them. He turned about to where he there was nothing to be seen. had thrown himself into the river. There they are still. he threw himself into the river and dived under Again O
the water.
He came to land He looked about
"Truly, they like me; but I for thought: 1 He put his head my part have left behind a fish-line." above water there was nothing to be seen.
;
He
Across yonder were the two women where he had first He thought: "Truly, they make caught sight of them.
me
now
crazy."
!
Now
he
feels
cold.
He
thought:
"How
they are really two birds, but they make me crazy." He thought: "Never mind, now!" and called out to them: "Now you two there have for all time become birds in
the water. 3
crazy, shall be birds in the lake."
People will say, he called them so
'These two have

birds.'
made Coyote
For
all
time you two
(Tom Simpson's
Version. 3 )
Coyote went along (until) he came to open country. He caught sight of two women dancing on the other side " of the river. Come, Coyote They called out to him
:
we love you." And then he thought: "I them by pretending that my wife has died."
3
shall deceive
So then he
first
Simpson, brother of Louis, took exception to the transformation in the when this was read to him, and denied its correctness. The transformation to water-birds seems more appropriate than that into rocks, however.
version,
Tom
IO
Aga
tatck.
kxwo'pt gayukli'xa
q!w6'bixix
lEp
ni'xox.
Gali'k-
Aga
wi't.'a
kla'ya
gatccgE'lkEl
i'nadix.
E'wi
gali'xux
i'nadix
gatccgE'lkEl.
Aga
wi't.'a
gayukli'xa, galicgElkli'xa.
wi't.'a
Aga
5
r
li^tatck.
ni
it
:
Aga
q!oa'p gatccu'x. x r wi t!a k!a ya

wit!'
Aga
lEp ni'xox.
Gae wi
/ x
gatccgE'lkEl.
Aga
wi
t!a
xux
gatccÊ^kEl
Triadix.
Aga
:
kxwo'pt nixlu'xwa-
"Agf antck.'wa'mida." Aga kxwo'pt gatcck!wa mit. Gairkim iago'niEnilpa, galixlu'xwa-it "Ag' atga'dya Nadida'nuit
k!ma k!a ya pu kwa'lalaq amtktu'xwa iciElxam."
10
Aga
kxwo'pt ick.'a'lamat gacxu'x.
1 Coyote as Medicine- Man.
1'xat iqlfyuxt
wfixatpa yuxt, yaga'hrix- ixu'xt alqxidi'w'
ilfpaq.
Aga kxwo'pt
gayu'ya.
galixla'gwa isklu'lEyE; mang iaxa't Gatco'oaiekEl idnE'mEckc tksEnbnE'n^x iltcqo'ba.
Anixmictxa'ma iq!e'yuxt iagatciu'lxam ga'lx'ix'." Galiglu'ya "Na'qe tci pu Ika'la aminElmi'ctxa imiga'lx-ix- ?" Aga kxwo'pt gatciu'lxam "Kwotka' yamElmi'ctx." Aga kxwo'pt gatcigE'lga, ga-
Aga kxwo'pt
nexh/xwa-it
;
"
tci'uk ll h
Kxwopt gatcxutxumi't
iakla'lx'ix-.
Kxwopt
IE'P gatci'ux
kxwo'ba
saiba' JksEnbna'nlx.
Aga
20 kxwo'pt gakcu'bsn' a'-ixad, gala-ila'-itam, gayalga'xit dapa't.
Aga
kxwo'pt
tea
Kxwopt
dfi'nEgi
1
galgagE'lga, galga'l
ko'pt gala'xux. i'wa
Ixli'wi.
Gaiga'gElksl
i'algat. kxwo'pt k.'a'ya qE'nEgi gafko'x pu ; Compare with this myth Boas's Traditions of the Tillamook Indians (Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. XI, pp. 140, 141); Teit, The Shuswap (Publications
of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol.
II,
Aga
p. 741).
1 1
Not long ago my "Come, we love And He was under water. then swam close. he you." up He stuck his head out, but did not see them across (from where he had started). He turned around and saw them on the other side. Then again he swam, swam towards the two women. Again he approached them again he was under water. He stuck his head out, but again he did not see them. Then again he turned about, and again saw them on the other side. And then he thought "Now I shall take them home." So he took them home.
:
burst out crying. He said to them wife died," and again they said to him:
"
He
will
said
in
his
heart,
he thought:
"Now
the Indians
crazy."
come, but you two shall not make the people So then they turned into rocks.
1 Coyote as Medicine- Man.
certain old
man was
sitting in the trail with his penis
wrapped about him just like a rope. And then Coyote He saw passed by him and went on a little beyond. some women jumping up and down in the water. And then he thought: "I shall borrow from the old man his He went over to him and said to him: "Friend, penis." would you not lend me your penis?" And then (the man) said to him: "All right, I shall lend it to you." So then took it and carried it with him. Then he (Coyote) along
put
it on to his own penis. Then he shoved it under water right where the women were jumping up and down. One of the women jumped
up, the penis got
between her
legs,
and
ill
it
remained stuck
little
ways.
And
then she became
(?).
Then
her
the (other) women took hold of her and brought yonder to shore. They saw that something was
12
kla'ya dE'n Engi fqlo'p pu gaigi'axox.
Aga kxwo'pt
isklulEyE
"
:
gaf-
gagF/lga,
mank
;
hde'u gafko'x.
axk'
la'x'
i'nadix
wi'maf
tcEx
gaigifclte'dfctx.
Galiglo'ma isklu'lEyE
E'nEgi
Waqi<:'nEkc
u'mckax
amcgi'uxa
Galki'm,
fqlo'p."
Galki'm
5 "OE'nEgi fgElxtxu'lal ft'xat?
'Waqs'nEkc E'nEgi
;
Iqlo'b Emckfx.'" Aga kxwo'pt galgu'naxtck galga'gElga r TC!EX ga'lgux ka'xdau E'nEgi Iqlo'p galgi'axux waqp; nEkc.
,
tcaxa
-i
gayalda'uixiimx.
11
Ia xt'
isk!u lEyE
yaxi'ba
lq!6p
lq!6'p
gatci'ux
sa'q
kwopt
r
gatcilxo'ktcgom iaga'lxix.
10
Na'wid wi'tla gayu kxwo'ba galixaMmaya.

aki'ax
,
ix isklu'lEyE.
Qa'matki gayu'yam;
gaqo'kla,
x
Aga da'ua agagi'lak x itcatcqi/mEm 7 na'wit gaqo'kctka. Galgi unaxl ilage

x
wam
15
gaqigE lgax icka
lax.
Galgiu'lxam
Ag' amugwi
r
la-ida."
Kxwopt
a'-i
gali'xox.
x
Aga
kxwo'pt gayugwi la-it, "Kla'ya dan itca'lxpa, kla'ya wi'mqt
Gayugui'la-itum, a -i nfxox. Gali'kim gayugwilaîtx.

itca'lxpa."
Qxi'dau
gali'kim icka'lax.
"Ya'xib' i'xat isklu'lEyE galu'gwakim " yuxt idiage'wam." Aga kxwo'pt gaqiulxa'mam QE'ngi 20 mxlu'xwan, amagi'la-ida, qEmtga'lEmam." Aga kxwo'pt
Aga
kxwo'pt
:.
"A'2, na'qie pu anu'ya ya'xi IgwE'nEmikc InE'mckc dan ilaka'lEmax.

gali'kim
:
itgE'xuit
ha'-e
Kla'ya! algEnt-
ga'lEmama
a^gEnu'xa." IgwE'nEmikc kxwo'pt galklulxa'mam IgwF/nEmikc dan itlaxa'lukc

;
aic
kla'la
Aga
"
Ag'
25 amckiuga'lEmama
tclfix
iqle'yuqt
idia'gewam."
;
Ya'x' isklu'hiyE
tcqa'q tcqaq ga"ItcqE'mEin axdalpa'l
gatcu'xwa apxa'dit agaqla'ptcxak
tcu'xwa.
qxa'tcpa."
Aga gah guqam

Kxwopt
gatchi'lExam
;
gatdu'mquit
galixalxni'ma
gatclu'mquit kaLla'latx itqa'wulqt.
The Raven
also the story of
plays the part pf the medicine-man in Wishram mythology "Coyote and Skunk," No. 15.
(cf.
sticking to her, but they could could not cut it out of her with
do nothing with
anything.
little
took hold of her and carried her a

water.
they then they farther away from the

her-,
And
Coyote was far off across the river, and they dragged him into the water. Coyote shouted: "Split a stone (as knife) with it you will cut it off." They said "Whatdid some person tell us? He said, Cut it off with a
;
:
stone knife.'
"
They
from
split
it,
her.
It
it
then they looked for it and found a stone. and with the same they cut off the (penis) had run up right into her. That Coyote over
all
off.
And
yonder cut
(to
Then he turned
his
penis
all
back
himself).
;
Immediately Coyote went on again wheres, and laid himself down there.
is
he arrived some-
Now
this
woman
they took her with them and straightway carried her (home). They looked for a medicine-man and found
sick
;
the Raven.
They
said to
then he assented.
to
He
him went to
:
"
Now you
;
will treat (her)
;"
treat her
he had consented
"
do
so.
And
then he doctored and doctored
(until)
he
said:
in
"There is nothing in her body, there is no sickness her body." Thus did speak the Raven. And then the people said: "Yonder is a certain Coyote,
is
who
him:
a medicine-man."
Then
they
went and said

treat
to
"What do you think, will you have come for you." And then he said:
;
!
her?
I
We
could
"Well,
not go so far on foot there must be five husbands. No five women will have to
women
come
without
for
me
they
"
will just carry
me
five
on
went and said
to
And then they their backs." women who had no husbands

:
go and bring the old medicine-man." Coyote yonder split some alder-bark and chewed at it. Then the women came to meet him, and he said to them "I am sick in my breast." Then he spat he showed them that what out was red and pretended that it was blood. he had spit
you
will
:
Now
14
"Aic k!aT amcgEnu'xa klEniEkE'dEc
gigwa'ladamt
itc-
qla'qctaq, qa'datcix itqa'wulqt dala'w' afu'ya gigwa'ladamt x Cma'nix iwat ca'xal itcq!a qctaq dala'x pat wi'lxiamt.
anxu'xwa itqa'wulqt, anE'mxta. 1

5 itlu'kti;
1
Gigwa'ladamt itcqla'qctaq
x
k!a'y'
x x
anE'mqta."
A^xa't na'wit k!a

;
la
gagi'ux
r
a'niwat
axk!E skax kla'la gagi'iix
gigwa'ladamt
iaqla'q-
u Aga kxwo'pt na wit gactaq k!a la gagi'ux. Gagi'uk J. x yaxalgaâpq. Na'wit L.'ipa'n Llman idia kcEn gatctalga'mit,
Naxlu'xwa-it
"A-iwa'u ilakla'mEla ilqle'yoqt
naV
it!u'kt'
10 itgEnu'x itq!g'y6qt.
Aga kxwo
:
pt
LlaV gagiulaMa
1
wi'lxpa.
x r -
Kxwopt
waga'lxt,
yoqt."
gatdE'mquit
IqaVulqt gagiutaâbit.
"Na'q'
itlu'ktix
tcls'l
Gala kim
imi'ux iq!e
gagu'lxam
Aga kxw6
15 gagruk"!.
pt wi
t!'
ae xat k!a
x x
la gagi'ux.
x
Aga
;
kxwc/pt
gatc-
Na'wid da ukwa wi
t!a
x
gatcu xa;
wi't.'a
Gagi'uk"! na qe y^tqdlx wit!a gagiutalga'mit idia'kcEn. Ja'da. Witla gagu'lxam "Na'q' itlu'kti imiuta'da; tclil
:
imi'ux
iq!e y6qt.
Si'klfilutk
wi
t!a
ilqa'wulqt
x
liagE^px,
x
;
kxwa' kxwa
iki'xox."
20 agagi^k"! alaJu'n.
gatci/xa.
Aga kxwo'pt wi'tla k!a la gagi ux Wi xt!a da x uxwa gatcu'xa Llma'n Llman
;
Gagi'uk
na
qi
ya'lxdix
la'blat
aga
:
wi
t!a
gagiula'da.
itlu'kti
Aga kxwo'pt
mcki'uxt
ligE'lpx;
tclEl
wi'tla
gaklu'lxam a'6xat
"A" naq'
iq'e'yoqt.
x
Aga
tclumgwe'lit,
Jqa'wulqt
tc!E
mcgi'uxt."
25
x
Aga kxwo'pt
a xta.
kia'la
gagi'ux
x
afala'kt.
Gagi'uk
ll
11
wi't.'a
Wi
t!a
gagiula'da.
da'uxwa gatco xwa Llma'n L.'man. Wi't.'a x Qo'ct aga q!6 p Igi'uxdix itq fi'ba itca'mqtp'
1
AnE'mxta stands
for anu'mqta.
15
"You
head
is
down mouth
carry me on your backs so that my downward, in order that the blood may slowly go to the ground. If my head is turned upwards,
will
just
my
I
will
perhaps become
It
is
filled
with blood, (so that)

;
shall die.
good
of the
that
my
head be down
(so)
shall
not die."
;
straightway took him on her back the youngest one carried him first she carried him with his head turned down. She went along with him.
;
One
women
then straightway he put his hands between her legs. Immediately he stuck his hands into her private parts
And
and fingered them. She thought: "Oh! the old man is bad the old man did not do good to me." So then she threw him down on the ground. Then he spat blood when she had thrown him down. One of the older sisters " It is not good that you have spoke, and said to her
;
:
hurt the old man."
one of the women again took him on her back. She went along with him. Straightway again, as before, he treated her again he put his hands into her She did not carry him long; she also private parts. threw him down, Again one (of the sisters) said to her:
then
;
And
"It
is
have
not good that you hurt the old man.
have thrown him down; you
Look
at
him; agaffr blood
is
And then she flowing out of his mouth, he is coughing." also put him on her back now she was the third to carry
;
him.
vate
down
them:
her also he did as before; he fingered her priShe did not carry him long, but threw him parts. also. And then again one of the women said to
To
"Oh! you have not treated the old man

is
;
well.
Now
is
continually spitting out much blood, the blood flowing out of his mouth you have hurt him badly." And then the fourth woman took him on her back.
he
That woman
also
went along with him.
He
treated her
also as before, fingering her private parts.
She also threw
i6
axi'mat.
Galdu'lxam
:
aklu'na
a'exat
aga saq
;
axoqE'nk,
idia'ge-
a'xka
wala'lxt
"QE'nEgiska
tfqa'wulqt
mcgi'uxt
fegE'lpx
iqle'yoqt
wam!
5
si'k'Elutk,
aga
qloa'p
ag'
ayu'mqta.
kaba
La'-itcQfi'nEgi qxi'dau Emcgi'uxt iqle'yoqt?" r " Qxfdau na ya itcni/x iql^yoqt." galki'm ila'ktikc
:
A'exat wftla da uxwa naîm
"Llma'n Llman
itcnu'x."
GalxE^xamx
x
alaxslqlaîd' alEma; x alaxluxwaîda yaklaÊla iqle^yoqt qucti axa." qE nEgi

:
"Ag' aÊma a
xt!ax
x gagfux wi t!a ak!E n' a -ixat alagw x 10 aga gagi'uk !. p Aga wft'a da ukwa gatc^xa. x Aga q!oa x kxw6 mxtkxw^ba. itca pt Aga gagiula'da itq^^ba aga pa aga gaqxo^wiga idElxam atgigilalama ayugwi la-ida
Aga
k!a la
11
qxfdauEmax wflxpama itqcxita'gaqxo^wigax uwukc idaga ilEx idaxitcEÊlit alugwa'lalam' aÊma cpak.
x
;
itslfnonks
15
Galfkim idiageVam iskluÊyE: "Aga t!a ya mcgaxi'ma." Aga kxwo pt gaqaxi'ma galuxwila-it idE^xam da u Galfkim idiaxi lalit 2 itcka atgigrialama. Na qe pu x naîma na'ika. Daba/ dan la-ida anugwi mcgiaxalaMagw'
r x
;
a-ila'-u
qxa
datc'
it!u
;
ktix
anugwiâ-ida."
x
20 gaqigE'lga
ilqloa'dit
a-ilaû gaqxi^loxix.
:
Aga kxwo^t Aga kxwoâ

x
gayagu^la-it,
kcfi'n ca'xEl,
a Cmaîx e wi anhxa agatctu^xam aga kxwo^pt amcklaâma."
iJx-
Aga gatctu^kam
idlaâmax aga galugwaâlamtck.

;
kxwo^t gayugwHa-it
1
a-iLla'k
gatcto'x
7
itka'qwit.
Aga Aga
:
25 kxwo'pt gatcielga'mit iakla^x'ix-, gatcu ctga.

Its'.i'nonks stands for it-ts!i'nonks.
Idiaxi'lalit
2
Galagluâ
his
to
"to doctor") denotes "medicine-man" in (cf. -gila-it, properly "doctor," of dispeller of disease 5 idiage'wam is used as equivalent "shaman" in its wider sense of one who can inflict harm on others by his con-
capacity
of
him down. Behold, now they were approaching to where the girl was lying sick in the house. Now another one she was their oldest of the women, the oldest of all, "How you have treated the old said to them: sister, blood is flowing out of his mouth medicine-man Look, now he is close to dying. Why have you done thus to The four women said among themselves: the old man?" "Thus has the old man done to me myself." One again "He fingered my private parts." said in like manner:
!
They
she
said to one another
"
:
Now
is
she too
will
all."
find out
will
think that the old
man
bad, after
Now also the other one, the fifth, took him on her back and went along with him. Her also he treated as before. Now the house was near by, and there she threw him And then people were gotten where the woman down. lay sick who should sing for him, while he was to treat (her) 3 they obtained animals of such kind from the land, large deer who could make much noise; they were to sing
;
out loud.
Coyote, the
carefully."
" Now lay her down medicine-man, said And then they laid her down the people who
:
were to sing
for
I
man
treat
said
"
:
him seated themselves. alone would not treat her.

to
The
medicine-
Put something
around her here

her well."
hide her from view, so that I And then they took rushes and
view.
I
may
put
them over her to hide her from " If sat by her, and said to them
:
Now turn my
there he
hand up,
then you shall sing."

the song, and they started in singing. And then he treated (her) he spread apart her legs. He She stuck his penis into her and copulated with her.
Then he took up
trol
of spirits.
Not every
idiaxi'lalit
or "doctor"
generally cure disease. noas," though words are used interchangeably for ""dispeller of disease." 3 Accompanied by a gesture in the recital.
an idiage'wam
could
was such a "shaman" or "tamaIn the text the two
PUBI..
AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL.
II.
i8
Ca'xEl gatdu'x fia'kcEn gatc?Lgna'2ctglEl ilqle'yoqt." lu'lxam "AgE mcuda'2gwaltck, cpak mckla'lEmtck."
;
:
Aga
ga'xit
kxwo'pt
cpak galugwa'lalEmtck
laka'xta
a'lalalala.
GacxEl-
qucti'axa ya'xta yakla'lx'ix' x x E nEgi gaya lkapq cftlix ya'xtau, Lqlo'p gaJgi'ux aqE'nEkc
;
ickla'lx'ix'.
qxfdau gatcu'ctgax.
Gacxgla qlkax, gacxElga
xitx.
Aga kxw6
xwax.
xax?
i'mxux
pt
xwo !
gatciaxu'xax.
r
:
-
GagucrEmtcxi/qax wa kaq Aga tci mtli/kti imx^x?"

r
;
Na wit t!a ya galaxu'a QE nEgi aga mki'x r
"Aga
nt!u kti inxu'x

x
10 klma' dnux itgnu'ctk ilqle'yoqt."
"Qxotk' a
-u,
ga n
x
a-ic
aga
x
t!
aya iJgmu'x ilqleôqt."

:
Aga kxw6
pt ga-
qiu^xam iq!e y6qt indm: "Na'qi tqle'x nluxt Iqagiâk.

wal;
"Aga ma^ka amrgikal

kla^xc."
iga'xux."
Ga7
Qxa'daga ngucgi
na
qi
tqagi lak
Aga
gayu'pa; galifglo^lq.
Coyote
15
and
the Mouthless
Man.
x
Wi'tlax galilwilxt
lilx
w^mal
ilaxni
isklulfiyE.
7
qucti'axa
ilka la
!!!
GatdgE lkEl tfgoa'ma^nix. GatdgE lkEl Isp

r
galxux iltcqoâ.
ix-t
ina'gun
GalktE^ck; gi gad ix*t inaûn, di gad ila^cEn ligE^gat; galgikxaMm' aknfmba

tk!f
;
gatdu'x 20 alakcE'n EnEgi, Jgioqte'lal aknfmba.

inaûn.
pst
alxu
x
Kxwopt
gatclgE^kEl
ixt
gatklo'ql'
U
:
Galixlu'xwa-it
L,E
xwa anigElga/ya anilxu^tga

x
itaâgun
gwa
nixtc.'a
E'nE' alxu xwa."
LE'P
gahco'x.
ixt
Aga
kxwo'pt gayuklwfxa ilaxnfmi^mt.

x
GatcigE^ga
25 gatci^pcut
ilaâgun. itlo^watckpa.
Gayu
ya,
gatci'ukl
tfa'nagun,
Aga
kxwo^pt
yaxta
kxwoâ
19
called
out:
his
"The
old one
said
is
copulating with me."
He
The
put
sing
up
hand and
to
them
"Now go
ahead,
hard."
And
then
hard they sang and sang.
(parts of the) penis stuck together. Truly, that was the same penis which they had cut off with the stone
two
knife
(Coyote) with her. copulated

;
that
penetrated
The two
halfways, thus he of (parts the) penis -recog-
her
nized each other, they stuck together. And then he pulled it out of her.
Straightway she
"
:
became
feeling
well.
now? have become

-
Her mother asked her Have you now become

well,
How
-
are you
well?"
"Now
but the old one has copulated with me." "Well, never mind, just keep quiet; now the old one has done well to you." And then the old man was
told:
"Now
do
not
He said: "I she has become your wife." want a woman. I am walking about without
;
particular
I purpose out of the house he
desire
left
no woman."
Then he went
them.
Coyote
and
the
Mouth less Man.
Again Coyote travelled up the river. In the water he saw the canoe of a certain person, as it turned out, a man. He saw how (the man) dived into the water. He came on up out of the water, his hands holding one sturgeon
that side
and one sturgeon on

the canoe.
this-,
he put the sturgeons

about
let
down
him
canoe.
in
Then (Coyote) looked on and saw

his
count
them with
thought:
finger,
pointing
I
in
the
He
steal
"When
he dives,
his
shall take hold
of and
from him
one of
sturgeons;
us see
what
he'll
do."
The person dived under swam towards his canoe. He
water.
And
then (Coyote)
seized one of his sturgeons.
He went and
took the person's sturgeon with him, and
20
gayufa'-itx; gali'xpsut.
Aga
kxwo'pt galkta'ptck itaxnfmita'nagun

i'xt wi't!a I'xt.
ba
galklakxa'-ima aknfmba
Aga
;
kxwo'pt
gafldo'qfa; wi'tla gaiklo'qla.
Bl'2t gattdo'q*
i'xt
alaxni'mba.
Aga
pa.
kxwo'pt galku'qti ala^cEn,

x
ia
niwat ca'xlix,
mank
gi'gwal, wi t!a
mank
tki'gigwal, anix
Kxw6
Ki'nua
ba galgiu'qti yu'xtpa. x x kE'la'-ix, wi t!a kxwol)' ala kcEn

aJa
x
x
tl^gigwal wflxPl^t kxwo'b' ala'kcEn.

;
mank
ki'nua qxa'damt,
r
kxwoV
10
x
kcEn
x
iaxka ba iskluÊyE.
r
Kxwo'b' ala'kcsn,
7
kxwoâ sa iba galu'ya yaxka ba. Na 2wit q!w6 bixix galigo'qwom.
Na
2wit galigo
qwam.
GatkHnqtHalumx
7
kllu'tkax.
x
Kw6 dau
x
galixtck!wa nanumx; t!a ya gatksix x x ya xt!ax tk!i gatdu x iigoa'Jilx
Jxlu idEt ilgoa
iilx.
15 gEtc
kwo'dau WaVa x x mE ki k na aic qxi gatclxtcmo^ ilagE tcpa gwal itagE tcpa a DEn dEn dEn dEn." Ouctâxa Igiu'mela ya r xtau qe'dau. 7 r " Naqx' Aga kxwo'pt qe dau galgiu'lxam itaÊtc E nEgi x itlu'kti ma^ka ;" qe'dau Igiuxuâl ilgoa'lilx xa b illuxt Rar x r
:
Qucti'axa kla/ya ila'^cxat; ia'ima ila'iistaûs ila'mL'oxwe. gafgûx

;
20 ô'mEnil.
ilka'la
,
"K!ma
tq!
x aâ Igi'uxt Iga ina'gun da'ufax
algsnuwa'gwa
^ga."
Qe'dau nixtu'xwa-it
isklu'lsyE.
kxw6
galu'yapEt
;
pt galu'ya wi'tlax alaxnfmiamt.
GalixElki'lx
7
ilklalamat
7
gatclu'mitcki
watu^pa
Gatci'uxc
gatclxla
max.
Aga kxw6
r
pt
saq
;
u
x
galxlflx.
25 lq!u'p Iqlu'p gatci'uxax x Ina gun gatcikxwa'tkix,
t!a
ina'gun ilklaâmat. ya tla'ya gatch/x

,
gatciu^xopk
sa^q
11
gayu
kst.
7
Ag-a
kxwo'pt da g gateaux, gatci'xtklwa.
Aga kxw6
pt
21
hid
it
in
the bushes.
And
self there
and
his
hid.
Then
the person
then that (Coyote) seated himcame up out of the
water into
canoe; he put his sturgeons down in the one and one. And then he counted them; canoe, again again he counted them. Quite silently he counted them there was (only) one sturgeon in his canoe.
then he pointed his finger out, first up high, (then) a little lower, again a little lower still, finally a little lower still on the ground. There he pointed, where (Coyote)
And
was
sitting.
Quite
silently
(he
held)
his
finger there.
(Coyote) tried (to move) to one side, there again was his No matter which way (he moved), there was his finger.
finger
(pointing)
to),
at him,
Coyote.
Where
his finger
was
(pointed
there he went straight up to him.

to
Straight-
way he
went
meet him
straightway he came quite
close to him.
side
(Coyote) kept dodging from the person kept him well in eye. And he also looked at the .person the person was strange in ap;
He
kept pointing at him

side
;
to
As it turned out, he had no mouth he had pearance. a nose and eyes and ears. He spoke to (Coyote) only with his nose, but he did not hear him just deep down
; ;
in his
nose (could be heard): "Dsn dEn dsn dEn."
In fact
he was scolding that (Coyote) in this way. Thus he said to him with his nose: "You are not good." Thus the
person kept telling him; his heart was dark within him. " But perhaps now this man desires the sturgeon perhaps he is going to kill me." Thus thought Coyote.
;
,
And
made a
heated
then the person went back to his canoe.

fire
(Coyote)
when he had gone. He gathered some stones and heated them in the fire. And then they all became
up.
He
cut
and
carefully
made
the sturgeon in two, cut it all up, He laid the sturready the stones.
it;
it
geon out on the stones and steamed
was
entirely
22
wi'tla galiglu'ya yaka'xt' ika'la da'n ia'kcxat;
galigo'qwam
ixlxE'lEmax isklu'lEyE.
itlu'kt'
Aga
Kwopt
tciu'xox
kxwo'pt gatcigE'lga ya'xta yukst

nixhi'xwa-it
;
isklu'lEyE
5 Gatsikllu'tk
gatcigE'lgax
;
ina'gun. "Qxa'tki'ax' atciu'xwa." x yaxk' itlu'kti a -ic xwi'xwi ga:
ina'gun
kxwopt
x
;
gatciufaâx.
galixlu'xwa-it.
x
Aga kxwo'pt
Gatciugwa'-
isklulEyE:
"NaV
itlu'ktix"
lEmamEx ina'gun
10 cigE'lga
;
baqba q gatci ux damaâ.

x
Aga
ixlu-
xwa'nit iskfulEyE: "QE'nEgi atcii/xwa?" 7 x wi t!a da ukwa gatcûxox.

x x
K!u na fxt
gat-
i wi i wi Aga kxwo'pt galixlu'gatci'ux. Galigli/ya x x x x xwa-it: "Lku'n qE ngi aniu xwa ia kcxat anilu'xa." Oana n x x x gatcigE lga iqta'lx capca'p gatci ux a nat gali'xox alqi-,
diV
x
aq!e
weqe
itcak'.i^sil.
i
;
15 tcigE lgat iqta^x
nanEmtck.
x
Aga
x
:
kxwo'pt galiglu'ya qana n r x x wi i wi gateaux. Kxi nua galixtcklwa'gatcikxaîmax iak^xa'tpa xwi^t ga-
Aga
tci
" 2 x ga^xux liaga wulqt galiqlu tk Ha_4 ha.4." " Mxa^cktcam wimafta'mt.'' Galikta^tckpEt Gatciu'lxam
ux
x
wa
p!a la igiôx
aga wa wa
gatci ux.
20
Gaqrulxam iskh/lEyE
"
"Na qxe
;
ika yaga^l imiu'qxopk

:
ina'gun.
x
Aga
kxwo'pt gairkim isklu'lsyE

x
"Hi imEnoa^ 3
pu
xwi'kîtck
imfnEkux ina'gun." Aga gadoyak^xa't iqi'lux." Quct ka'nauwe idE'lxam iaka x uxtau fxt wflxam da x n ida k w cxat.
;
tq!e
x mitxt ina gun

idE'lxam:
"Ikala
25
Aga
tau:
1
kxwo'pt gatxi gElukl itgakcxa^kc gatcta'wix saq idElxam iaka^tau fxt wflxam. Gatciu'pqEna wilx iaka'x;
"
Nimicxa'ya."
is,
Gaqiulxam
2
"AgagHak aqa'mE-
That
the mouthless man.

is
Whispered.
3 *
ImEnoa'q
for
imnu'waq.
village of the Cascades Indians (Wala'la) situated
Nimicxa'ya
was a
on the
And then he removed it and laid it down. Then man who had no mouth went back to him same that he met Coyote as he was eating.
done.
;
And
geon. with
then
he
took hold of that good well-done
stur-
Then thought Coyote:

it!"
"Wonder what
1
he'll
do
He
geon).
He
then
he took the good (sturjust sniffed at the sturgeon, then threw it away.
at him;
looked
"It is not well." He went Coyote thought: and brought the sturgeon back and brushed it clean. Now Coyote is thinking: "What is he going to do with took hold of it and did with it again it?" Once again he
And
as before.
went up to him and looked at him closely. And "I don't know what I shall do to make then he thought: him a mouth." Secretly he took a flint and chipped it on one And then he went up side it became just like a sharp knife. to him with the flint secretly in hand and looked at him
He
closely.
side.
In
vain
the
man
tried
to
dodge from
side to
He he put the flint down over his mouth. He breathed: sliced it open, and his blood flowed out. 3 He said to him: "Go to the river and wash "Ha4 ha4." When he had come up out of the water, he yourself."
Now
stopped and spoke to Coyote.

" You do not seem to Coyote was spoken to (thus) have steamed a large sturgeon." And then Coyote said " Well, you would have killed me you wanted the sturgeon for yourself. You got after me for the sturgeon." Now the people told one another: "There is a man
:
:
whose mouth has been made for him." In truth, all the people of that same one village were without mouths.
And
then
they
betook
themselves
to
him.
He made
Washington
now known
the
side of the Columbia, about half a mile below a high rock (Ik'.a'lamat) as "Castle Rock." To make amends for their former mouthlessness,
mouths. people of Nimicxa'ya are (or were) said to possess particularly large
24
loda."
Gali'kim
K
:
K!a'ya! na'qi tq!'x Enlu'xt pu ilqagi'-
lak
na'qi anlgfi'lgaya."
Coyote
and
the
Pregnant Woman.
;
Wi't!a
gayu'ya
isklu'lEyE
gali'lwilxt wi'mal.
r
Galigu'x
qxom
a
ika'la %
w
idia'pc kla'u
uxwe
xt; idia^xwit de'luxt

7
pa
r
5 itk.'aûnak.
Sixmfnlk
11
iaq!a qctaq
Ana'2
x
QE nEgi
7 !
Axgika
Galigu^wom yaka "Na'qe qxada'ga qxi'dau Enkl'xax. Kxwo'ba qxe x dau qloa'p akIgE'lgaya ilkla'ckac.
cixElge^xEnilx.
E nEgi r ika la
yutxulft
xta.
mki'ax?"
itkla'munak
t'nti."
10
GatcigE'lga
dakda'k
gatci ux.
r
k.'aûnak;
gatccu'gmatk
:
itpi
7
T!aya' 7 nalx E nEgi.
gatctu'x
idia-
Aga
kxwo'pt
noxt," "Qaxpo gatciog-omtcxu'ga "ma'niwat gali'kim ika'la. "Atxu'ya," gali'kim isklu'lEyE,"

Etni'a
moxt?"
x
"la'xiba
naik'
a ga
andu'ctxwa
:
da uda itk^munak."
pu amdu'xwa,
Aga
15 kxwo'pt
"Qxl'dau gatciu'lxam cma'nix itkla'munak amu'ya.''
sfnEk.'itk,
Aga
lux
kxwo'pt gadixlu'ctxEmit iaqla'qctaq
xo
7
!
gadi'xx
isklu'lEyE.
Aga
kxwo'pt gactu'ya idia'qîamt ika
la
Gatctu'ctxuit cpa'k. gactu'yam itqî'ba. 20 dau mka'la pu amdu'xwa itkla'munak.
"Daqwa'u qe'Amductûmi'da
Gactu'pq gatca'gElkEl agala'-ima Ika'kcEn gi'lak; plala itca'iq, atk!ftk!iqux.

;
cpa'k
qe'dau
pu daqwa'u."
I'wi i'wi
gatcu'xwax IkakcE'nba qucti'axa alka't agakcE n

;
For similar cases
in
Pacific
coast
mythology of men walking upside down,
25
mouths
called
for all the
that
will
same
He people of that same one village. land Nimicxa'ya. They said to him
:
He said: "No! give you a woman." not care for a woman; I'll not take one."
Coyote
"We
should
and
the
Pregnant Woman,
He Coyote again went on and travelled up the river. met a man whose feet were tied together, and whose legs were full of pieces of wood. He was turning somersaults " Alas !" and standing on his head, and he kept crying are met this same man "What you (Coyote) (and said) of am I thus. "Not own accord My doing doing?" my wife is soon to beget a child therefore have I thus come
l
: :
for
wood."
He (Coyote) took hold of him and disentangled him. and tied them of in the wood order, together pieces put " Where And then he asked him with a hazel-bush rope.
:
do you
us
live?"
"Yonder
Coyote; "go
dwell," said the
man.
"Let
go," said
first
while
of
wood on my
shoulders."
-
And
-
carry these pieces then he said to him:

I
-
whenever look at me "Thus you should handle it for wood." you go And then he packed it on his head Coyote put it around on himself. Then they two went towards the man's house, and arrived at the house. He had packed the wood good and strong. "Moving along in this way, man, should you handle the wood. You should pack it good and strong, moving along thus." They entered the He saw the woman her body was sound, only house.
; ;
she had one of her hands covered up. He examined her hand carefully; it turned out that a
cf.
Farrand's Traditions of the Quinault Indians, p. 85.
26
axkte'skax
xwo'lal.
tgaxeE'wi gatcu'xwax dalklwo'p gatco'xwax; xwo'i gatcaxo'xwax wakxa'ts. "Kla'ya!" gatciu'lxam, "na'qeqe'dau
,
wakxa'ts
itcaklaits.
Datk.'u'b
da'ltixt
5 kEla'-ix
Qe'dau nigalga'xit. amalo'xwa. SfnEklitk anu'ctamu'xwa, aga'wan pu x wan itcailkla^kac galaxalux ga." Aga kxwo^t aga x r a wa nba. Kxwopt gaklu'xtum. Qe dau pu amh/xwa
aga'wan;
ida'xleu
wakxa'ts
da'ua
ilqagilak.
A kcta
r
da
-ula ilkla^kac
r
x
ma'ika itmiân
Qe'dau pu amEcxi/xa da uya
xt wi^xam."
Coyote makes a Fish-Trap.
10
Aga
gayu'ya iskluÊyE.
iltcqoâ.
NaVit gayu ya
:
itk.'a'uwan
andu'xwa ?"
lax."
lax.
Aga
GatcuûikEl
QE ngi galixl^xwa-it x " Anu x xw' ala'kxwo^t galix lu xwa-it r r 7 x Gatcu x a laitk!a uwan itksubna iut.
Kxwopt
:
"
15
Aga kxwo^t k.'a'u gatcu x ala lax, iluxix-. Aga kxwo^t gatssi/bEna na wid
r
k!a u
gatca
x
datca'xa-i ala
laxpa.
Aga
pa'l
kxwo'pt gatculxam ala lax isklu'lEyE:

ala lax,
x
"Cmaî
imi k w cxat,
/
amxu'xwa
cmaî pa
itkla'uan
;'
'U^ nuÊmst amgi'luma, aga kxwo^t amgnuma, 20 'Aga pa^l itkla'uwan kxwo'pt galaglu'alalaxpa.'" Aga " ma " U X 4 nu'lEmst ala'lax ;" galigHuma isklu'lEyE
: :
UV
7
Aga kxwo^t gayu'ya Aga kxw6 pt da k gatcu x "Gwa^nEsum iskluÊyE

x x x
:
isk!u lEyE,
gatcu'guikEl aga pa
x
!.
25 qe'dau
isklu'lEyE."
Aga kxwo'pt gali dau amckto^wa gatctu'x qe 3 wflx SkalxE'lEmax ia'xliu (Da'uya
x
;
a lalax.
kim
a'watci SqlE'ldalpl.)
1 From a rope held by two posts slanting toward each other is suspended a basket trap, into which the white salmon, in attempting to jump past, fall back. a SkalxE'lEtnax, or Sq'.E'ldalpi, was on the northern shore of the Columbia, above
27
thorn was sticking- in her little finger, and that it had white pus in it. He turned it over and made (the "No!" swelling) burst, and pulled the thorn out from it.
small
he said to him, "not in this way is she to become pregnant; this which has been sticking in her is what people call a thorn. Thus should you treat her from now on,
and you
with
in
will
her!"
cause her to be pregnant. See me copulate And then she became pregnant with a child
deal
Then she gave birth to it. "In this way with a woman. Now this infant has you become your own child. Thus should you people do in
her
womb.
should
this
one
village."
Coyote makes a Fish-Trap.
Then Coyote went on

white] salmon
shall
I
in'
the
straight on he went. Then he thought: water.

;
He saw "How
catch
them?"
make
fish-trap."
along, and made a trap, tied it on to
And then he thought: "I shall He saw the white salmon jumping And then he tied the fishfish-trap. the string. He jumped straightway
1
right into the fish-trap. And then Coyote said to the fish-trap:
"If,
fish-trap,
you become
salmon,
cry salmon.'"
shall
filled, if
your mouth becomes

1
filled
I
with white
full;'
then
out,
you
shall
cry
out,
0'4,
is
am
full
you
'Now
then
the
it
And
fish-trap cried out:
quite
of white
Coyote shouted: "U^." and saw that it was full now. Then he unloosened the Then Coyote said: "For all time shall you fish-trap.
full;"
am
"0'4, I, the fish-trap, And then Coyote went
people catch them thus thus did Coyote do." of this land is SkafxE'lEmax 2 or Sqte'ldalpf.)
;
(The name
the Cascades, at the spot
Drano.
Cooks' Landing, about half a mile below "it keeps "eating- place," while Sqlfi'ldalpt denotes tearing out," the reference being to a lake connected with the river by a narrow creek.
now known
as
SkalxE'lEmax
means
28
Coyote spears Fish.
Aga kxwo'pt
giu'lxam:
wi't!a gayu'ya.
Gayuya/2 gayu'yam.
Aga
Gaf-
kxwo'pt gali'kim:
"Kla'ya
7
"Aga
:
palala'i inElxa'cat ittcqoa'."
ihcqoa'."
Aga
5
kxwo'pt gali'kim
galu
y'
kxwo^t
kxwo'pt
agagilak GasixElu^k gagulada.

;
wi'mal. gatcigE'lkEl kla'xc Ignu'xt." "tttcqoa' Aga x 7 b' atlfwat. tftcqoa gaklut!i
Aga
Aga
,
isk!u lEyE
x
,
gacaÊlqliLx.
atli'wat
11
Aga
r
kxwo^t
iltcqoa
gayu ya
7
-,
isk!u lEyE
x
gatca gElga
gayu ya
10 id
gatch/tliba.
itqî^mt iltcqoa
Aga
Aga kxwo^t gatclu^ ! kxw6 pt gaqLu^xumct qana'n

x
itk.'a^wan ca
xw
itk^^kcxot.
gatci'ux isk.'uÊyE itci/lq. Aga x x 7 K lLu g ila na aniu xw' yoqt:

;
Aga kxwo^t kxwo^t gatculxam aq!e itcu^q." Aga kxw6 pt

7
Na qxi tq!e x gatclu^. Aga ilqlaûcEqcEq. x x x 1 5 kxwo x pt gayu'ya gatcu awoq tca cu'xcux gatcaîginxda
gakli lut
;
,
itcu^qpa.
Aga
x
kxwo'pt gatcûlEm ik!a uwan.

x r x
Aga kx^wo^t gatci'r
uk u l itqîa^t. Aga kxwo^t gatci uqx6pk. Aga kxw6 pt gayu kst gayi^ximux iga pkwal qana n idE'lxam gayi/xi20 mux. Aga kxwo^t gal^kim isklu^fiyE: "Q^dau amcgi^ x uxa ik.'a'uan da'uyaba wilx idE^xam." Aga kxw6 pt gatgiu'lxam idE^xam "Aga agagilak amaÊlga." Gali'kim
;
;
:
iskiuÊyE
"N^qxi
tqle'x
Enlu^t
r
;
naqx'
anagE lgaya
qxwa'tka."
Coyote eats
Dried Salmon.
gatci/guikEl wf-ixatpa
25
Ag a
itkli'lak.
kxwo'pt gayu'ya.
Kxwoba^
Aga
kxwo'pt gadixE'lmux.
Aga kxwo'pt
gayu-
go'ptit, gayu'mEqt. Aga kxwo'pt gadiqlsHxi'uba ba ya'k^xatpa wamLlu'xiba. Qucti'axa wfnpo
icia'gitc-
ya'xtau
29
Coyote spears Fish.
then again he went on. he arrived (at a certain place).

I
And
He went and went (until) And then he said "Now

:
am
extremely
is
thirsty
for
water."
They
said to
:
him
"There
desire
no water."
Then he saw
water.
some of [the water." And She dipped down the bucket and lost hold of it. Coyote saw that she was crying. And then Coyote went
:
the river, and said "I then a woman went for the
and o he went to the water and grot hold of the bucket And then he it down. took some water along dipped with him to the house. Then it was drunk without knowledge of the (other) people. He saw white salmon with
then
their
mouths agape.
And
Coyote made a salmon-spear. He said to an old " woman Give me a string I am going to prepare a And then she gave him some large beads. salmon-spear." He did not want them. So then he went and cut up some wild-cherry bark in thin strips; he wound it around on the salmon-spear. And then he speared a white salmon. Then he brought it to the house and steamed it. Then it was done, and
:
they ate
they ate it without knowledge of the (other) people. And then Coyote said "Thus shall you people get white salmon in this land."
a side of
split
fish
;
:
"Now you
not want any
shall get
a woman."
Coyote said:
I'll
"I
do
woman.
Never mind!
not take her.*
Coyote eats
Dried Salmon.
Over
there he saw in the
it.
And
some
then he went on.
trail
fell
dried
salmon.
And
then he ate
Then he
it
asleep and died.

nostrils,
The salmon went

mouth, and at
out through him at his

In truth,
at
his
his ears.
was
30
lu'q!
gateaux
isklu'lsyE.
kxwo'pt
wi'lx
gatciu'pgEna alixu'xwa ya'xliu
Gatci'uwaq, gayugo'ptit. Aga " Gallium wflx. Aga' da'uya

:
Itkli'lak.
Aga gwa^nEsum
amcu
.
giu'pgEna ya'xliu
Itkli'lak."
Qe'dau ya'xliu Lmuyaqso'q
The Story concerning

5
Coyote.
gayu'la-it. kxwo'pt gayu'ya-, gayuya'2 Aga / u ximk!na-uk atsk Aga kxwo^t isklu'lEyE. kxwo'pt gasi r r Aga kxwo'pt qe dau gal^xox; e wi iskiu'lEyE gas^xtuks.
Aga
galiôx iakla'lxixpa,
tcklfc gaqi'ux.
e wi
tck!fc
x
gali'xox
:
iaq!a qctaqba
10 gno'x."
r
Aga
Gali'kim isk!u lEyE "Naqx' itlu'ktix imcr x x kxwo^t idwo'tca gatcuxa bu na qxi tq!e x
;
gatct6 x pu gaqxawiqLaît. Aga idwo^ca nitcuxoMwa-ix. x x x pt dakda k galu xwax idwo^ca itkcuqxi'damiAga kxw6 x daba idw6 tca.
\
15
Aga kxwo'pt ka nauwe can galxElqlaît qE nEgi nig^xatx iskli/lEyE. Aga kxwo^t " iskluÊyE wa'lu gag iux. nixli/xwa-it Aga kxwo'pt Ag' anxlxEÊma." Aga kxw6 pt gali kta idElxamba. Aga kxwo^t gal^gakim "
x
:
lakla'mEla-ix
nigi xatx
x
iskli/lEyE-,
iaklalxix nicrxatukc."
Galixluxwa-it:
a
Aga kxwo^t
wft.'a gali kta iskluÊyE.
Ya'-
r x 20 xiba na^qi qxnElqtat; k!a ya quct a ga aqxnElqla'xida." x x x Gali^ta wi t!a di^t i tq u }e. Aga wi t!ax uxoklaâwux lal; "Aga nic^xatukc isklu'lEyE," duxikîlal wi t!ax ids'l1
Itkli'lak, or
formerly
Klickitat
for
inhabited
Indians.
in winter,
"Dried Salmon," is now called "White Salmon Landing," and was by both Chinookan (more particularly "White Salmon") and
use
Salmon was often dried, pounded, and preserved in baskets, and to be traded off to other tribes who came regularly to the
Dalles for barter.

2 Lmuyaqso'q", or Lmie'qsoq, was about half a mile up the river from Itk'.i'lak, and on the same (Washington) side of it. Its site is now occupied by "Burket Ranch." It also was occupied by "White Salmon" Indians (Itkla'uanbam' idE'lxam), who
spoke,
with probably only slight variations, the same dialect as the Wishram and
the "story" of what he did, which would spread among the people and their butt. curious materialization of the mere idea of a narra-
Wasco. 3 That
is,
make Coyote
a
(so
flea
which
Coyote had swallowed.

fell
It
had
killed him,
that)
he
asleep.
And
shall
its
then he
named
the land.
He
said:
"Now
the
name
is
of this land shall be Dried
Salmon. 1
Now
forever
Dried Salmon."
Thus
you people call its name 2 name Lmuyaqso'q".

:
The Story concerning
Coyote.
And
seated
then
he went on.
He went and went

Coyote
his
(until)
he
himself.
And
then
looked
:
all
around.
Then Coyote sucked

his
himself.
Thus he did
penis,
and bent down
he turned up head (so that) he stooped
down.
"You 3 have not done me good." Coyote said: And then Coyote locked up the story (of his obscene he did not wish that people should find out about it. act) So he headed the story off. But then the story loosened 4 caused it to break out (from its prison). itself; they And then everybody found out what Coyote had done
;
to
himself.
Now
I
Coyote
shall eat."
:
became
thought:
the
"Now
And
Then he hungry. then he went among

;
" But they said Coyote has acted badly people. he has sucked his own penis." And then Coyote went He thought: "Yonder I am not known; truly on again.
now they
shall not find out
about me."
He went
live
on
(until
again the people were laughing

larly
its
he came) to another house. among themselves

;
i
But
"
Now
or report into an entity independent of the narrator is here exemplified, simito the common conception of a name as a thing existing independently of bearer.
4
The
text
is
obscure.
It
to carry off the "story," but forgot
the
Not bound by a sppt. and conveyed it to the people. Thus was explained how all had heard of Coyote's obscenity, though no one had witnessed it, and though he himself did not tell any one of it. North of the Columbia and opposite Mosier may still be seen a long, high mountain called Idwo'tca or "Story," in which Coyote attempted to lock up the Its clefts are due to the sudden force with which the "story" broke out. "story."
Coyote requested all things present not about the clouds (itka'), just then sailing above promise, they tore out the "story" from its fastness
is
said that
xam.
Aga kxwo'pt
nixhi'xwa-it
"Qu'ct aga qxnElqfat.?
Aga
yoqt.
kxwo'pt gayu'ya.
w Gali'ilupq; gatclgE'lkEJ ilgoa'lilx palala'-i lak! a'iyukc.
Aga
wi'tla
gayu'pqa
hi'xt ilqle'-
"
Aga kxwo'pt gal^kim

5 galgiu^xam
Ttclq
x
Wa'lu gnuxt."
itlxlEm.
x i
Aga kxwo^t
Dauya naik' Aga kxwo^t
:
"Kla^ya da'uya mrtqxEmit iaklaÊla

Igoalilx
:
tdq."
gagHqwim
guE'ma."
10
da'uya itca^q, iqlmi'ba gag^lut.
"K!a ya itlxk'm.
Gagiu'lxam na'ika i'tdq ayamElyakla'mEla Da'uya

gagriquim.
;
Aga kxwo^t
r
Aga kxw6
x r
pt galixE
kmux.
Na'qxi sa iba galixE'lEmux na qxi lu qx gatci'ux. tsluûs galfxox. Gatciuâda. Aga kxwo^t Aga kxwo^t 7 u }. k!a galixu'tk iagi'tcxutpa, gatci'uk Aga kxwo^t tslu'11
nus gatcûk}.
7
Gayi/pa.
Gayu
ya.
Gayuya
15 gali'kim:
2
"
gayi/yam.
GalillaÎwatck.
;
Aga
x
kxwo'pt
r
Mca^madikc mcxtxE'lEmax aga na it!a ts!u nus alinxEÊmuxuma na'itla." amcginglu'tka lu'qx a'lEm'
;
Aga
kxwo'pt gayu'ya
itklaâmat
gali'kim
daLxopLxo^ gatctu'x
"
isklu^syE.
Aga
x
kywo'pt
Mca'imadikc
mcxl-
XE'lEmEX."
20
Aga
kxw6
^
pt
gayuâ-it,
gadilm^ya.
x
Aga
kxwo'pt
Da k xwo't gatci'ux. iage'tcxut gatcigE^ga. r x r Qucti axa na'mEn ixt igu nat kxwo'ba yagi tcxutpa yuxwa'xt. x x Gatcixfrna na'niEn igu nat da k gatci'ux. Na'mEn ik!un'
e'wi ga'lixox
;
i'gunat
yu xwaxt;
aga
kxwo'pt
u
.
gatcixi'ma.
11
GalixlxE'iagi'tcxut
;
25 lEmtck;
galixElEmux saq
Gatciu^xum sa'q
7
aya%xit gala-ixF/lEmux.
30
Aga kxwo'pt gayu'fa-it; sa q gatctu'lxum ia'gitcxut. Aga kxwo'pt nixhi'xwa-it "Wi'tlax anu'ya; qucti'axa igu'nad ya'xtau ignE'lqxwim." Aga kxwo'pt gayu'ya. Na'wit kxwo'ba gayu'yam. Aga kxwo'pt gayu'pqa gagilqxi'mba
:
33
Coyote has sucked his own penis," again the people were And then he thought: saying to one another.
"Truly
now
he
am
found out."
So then he went
on.
Then again
He
all
entered a house (where) an old person was dwelling. went in to this one and saw that the person had sores
over.
And
said to
then he said:
"I
am
hungry."
I
Then
the person
mine which you see, my ugly flesh." And then she gave him to eat of this flesh of hers, she gave it to him in a plate. She said to him: "I have no food. This bad flesh of mine I shall give you to eat." So then she gave him it to eat. Then he ate, (but) did not eat in real truth; he did not swallow it. He let it fall down (until) there was
:
him
"
have no food.
have
this flesh of
little
left
of
it.
And
it
then
and
tied
and took
with him.
he put it into his quiver He took a little of the
He went out of the house and went on. He went and went (until) he came to (some people). He got scent of something to eat. And then he said "You are eating alone, but you will save a little for me I also too will swallow and eat some." And then he
(sores) with him.
:
some stones Coyote bored them through with holes. He said: "You are eating alone." And then he sat down, he was tired out. Then he
went
for
;
turned
and
got
hold
of his
quiver.
He
untied
it
and
Behold, there in his quiver pulled out (what was inside). was one entire salmon. He put it down; he had taken out an entire salmon. There was another entire salmon and he that down. He started in eating, and inside, put ate it all. He ate up his whole quiver, ate his bow. And then he sat down he had eaten them all up, (in" I shall Then he thought go back cluding) his quiver. truly it was a salmon which she had given me to eat." So then he went. Straightway he arrived there. And
;
:
II.
34
wi'tla
kxwo'ba
saq
u
gayu'ya.
itci'ulada
Kxwopt gagiu'lxam
"Kla'ya
tq!6'x
dsn ayamElu'da ithdE'm.

Ini'lqxwim;
itci'ux;
Aga
naik'
da'b' igidi'mam isklu'lEyE.

i'tdq.
na'ika
Na'qxi
k!a ya
x
itci'ulada
sa'q
i'tclq.
Aga
dan
ayamElgwi'ma." Aga kxwo'pt isklulEyE gatcu'mila aq!e'x Aga kxwo^t iklmaân gayoqt na qxiba gagnqxwim.
tci'ux
iskluÊyE.
Aga kxwo^t
wi t!a gayu ya tsklu'lEyE.
Gayi/yam.
Coyote
and
At!at!a'lia?
Kxwo'pt aga galixE^tcmaq isklu'kyE Atlatla'lia ika'uxau 7 10 idE^xam luxlu'x cktu'xt. Aga kxw6 pt gayu ya isk.'ulEyE
x
;
Jq!6 p gatclu'x isklu'lEyE ilkE'nEkc.
Aga
kxwo'pt gatchrca
sa/q"
x
x
mit;
k!a uk!au
idia
7 x
gali'xElux
ilkE'nEkc
11
iaqla^ctaqba
kxwo'dau
kcEnba,
isklu'lEyE.
sa'q
ka/nauwe
dit At!at!a lia.
x
qa xpa.
e'wi
kxwo^t gayu ya
Aga Aga kxwo^t

x
15 gatca'gElkEl isklu'lsyE At!at!a x aga wi t!ax gagi^wo-ix.

x
lia.
Ke nua
x
,
gali
x
x6x
Aga
Llai
kxwo'pt gayu
iskluÊyE.
?"
x
txuit
iskluÊyE
ka/nauwe
ce
iL!ai-
Kxwopt gagii/lxam At!at!a'lia Kxwopt gatci/lxam "Kl^ya p' a"QE'nEgi gamxa^x 3 haa 20 mulxaâ; pu ma^tlax ayamu xwa da^kwa pu kxw6 dau ayamulxaîa." Aga kxwo^t gagiu^xam cîLlaiLlai Kxwopt gatcul"Qr/ngi ga^xatx imi^q?" xam "Htcklwi^n gate^xitx sa/q u Ttclq; kxwopt gatcn^tya^q
:
galq
25
watirtpa."
r
Gala'kim
;
At!at!a Ha
"Itla'ktix
nai'ka
amnu'xwa da ukwa amte^luxa x isk!u lEyE "AiaÊlux' aga."

:
iitcklwia^."
Gatcu'lxam
Aga kxwo
1
pt gactu ya
kanactm6
At'.at'.a'tia
kct.
of this
Na
2wit
igitko'qba
to the
The
child-stealing
woman-fiend
myth corresponds
Aqlasxe'nasxena
of
Kathlamet
mythology (see Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 9-19).
35
entered where she had given him to eat; there he went again. But she said to him: "I shall give you no food whatever. Just now Coyote has been here. I
then
he
gave him
did
shall give
to eat, (but) he threw away all my flesh. not like it, (so) he threw away all my flesh.
He
I
Now
you
nothing to eat."
the
to
old
eat.
woman
because
she
then Coyote scolded did not give him anything
And
Then Coyote became angry.
And
then Coyote
went on again.
He
arrived (at another place).
Coyote
and
At.'atta'lia,}
then Coyote heard that Atlatla'lia and Owl were So then Coyote went Coyote cut up stealing people. some rushes. And then he dried them he tied the
; ;
And
rushes on
r
all
over himself: on
part.
his
on every possible
At!at!a
lia
x
was coming.
tta.
And And then Coyote

off.
still;
head and on his hands then Coyote went along.

caught sight
;
of At!at!a
He
tried to turn aside, but without success
now
(Atlatla'lia)
headed him
And
then
Coyote stood
Coyote's body was
rat-
tling in all its parts.
Then
Atlatla'lia said to
him
"What
"I
did you do to yourself?" not tell you. I would to before you yourself
Then he
first
I
said to her:
to
tell
would
then
have
do that same thing

you."
"
should
And
she said to him:
your body rattle ?" over my body, then burnt myself

said
"
:
"What did you do to Then he told her

:
yourself to
I
make
all
x
put pitch
At!at!a
in
the
fire."
fra
It
is
good
pitch
that
you
shall
I'll
put
you do that same thing to me, on my body." Coyote said to her

:
"Well,
And
2
put it on you." then both of them

is
went on.
Very soon both
P'
amulxa'ma
for
pu ayamulxa'ma.
36
i'wi
gactu'yam
kanactmo'kct
isklulfiyE
Atlatla'lia.
Aga
;
kxwo'pt isklu'lEyE gatcu'guikEl idErxam Ikabla't uxwi'nim ma'kct mokct ida'qxoq uxwi'la-itix kxwo'ba igitkxo'qba. Aga kxwo'pt gatctu'lxam isklu'lEyE idErxam: "Kanauw'
5 Emttx-ui't."
:
Aga kxwo'pt
"Iltcklwân
gathui't idE'lxam.
Aga
kxwo'pt
gatctulxam x kxwo'pt gatgi a idErxam.
EmtHgE^ga
k^nauwe."
Aga
r
Aga kxwo^t
gatklgE^ga idE
x
l-
xam
iltckfwi'an.
Aga
kxwo^t gatkh/klam
iltck!wi an.
Aga
kxwo'pt
x
10 At!at!a
lia
"Tcfktcik mtHa'lux." gali'kim iskiu'lEyE: tcE'ktcEk isgaûs gatclaûx.

x
tt
Aga kxwo
qe'dau
pt
gatci/lxam
Cma ni
x x
ma^tla At!at!a
x
iia
ayam^xw',
alaÊluxw'
idE^xam."
x
iltck!wi an,
x
s^q
11
imi'lq
11
;
atcmE'lgalgwa.
15 gala'kim
t!
Aga kxwoôt
't!u
idmilxi
wulx amxu'xwa sa'q

x
k!wac atxa^xuxwa
:
Kxwopt
"Aga
ktix
amlEnlu^wa
a ga At!at!a lia ittcklwân naix
a'ga."
7
gactu ya igitkxo^ba, aga gatda lux iltcx a Haa x i na'ika iskli/kyE ayamulk!wi an. Gatcu'lxam: xaâ a'ga cman' a x lEma At!at!a'iia atcmElga^gwa." Aga
Aga kxwo^t
x 20 kxvirc/pt gatcut!i x wa gatca'lgalq. Kxwopt gali kim iskli/7 x x a lEyE Lq!6 p itkla'munak mtktxa la kt ugiLli^qlqix ."
;
1 :
Aga
7
kxwo'pt
galgda lgamit
x
kxw6 dau
25 At!at!alia.
kaâmokct
itga
itklaûnak agaîuguiba xuba kxwoâu itga^xuitba.
Aga kxwo^t
galga-iktqwo'xix*.
Aga kxw6
x
:
pt gatca lgalq
Aga kxwo'pt gala'kim At!at!a lia "Aga tcnElgalqt." "Haa na ika isklu^ Aga kxwo^t iskluÊyE gatci/lxam na kxw6 Gatca -iktquix. Aga lEyE, qxi ma'ika." pt gali a kim Haa na ika ayamulx^ma." Aga kxwo^t gala
x x
:
30 kirn
"
At!at!a iia:
x
Kxwa ic
1
"Tcna2lga lqt." Gatculxam iskiu'lEyE: x x na ika ayamulxaâ." Gatca^galq sa'q galo

11
;
At'.atla'tia's
furnace,
or
perhaps
better
barbecuing-place,
itcagi'tkxoq, near the Falls or "Tumwater," It only a short distance up from the main village of Wishram or Nixlu'idix.
called
At'.at'.a'lia
small
island
was located on a and was
37
1 Coyote and At!at!a'tia arrived at the furnace. Coyote saw many people mourning; there in the furnace their
children were sitting two by two. And then Coyote said to the people: "Do you all stand up." And then the
" Then he said to them Do you all some The and then get pitch." people went, they got some pitch. And then they came bringing pitch. Then "Do you rub it on over her body." He Coyote said:
people
stood
up.
rubbed
it
over the eyes of
Atlatla'h'a.
And
also,
will
then he said to her:

Atlatia'h'a,
all
(if I)
"If
shall
do thus
to
you
O
burn
shall put the pitch
over you, you
over your body.

will
And
all
it
strong, x then At!at!a lia

pitch on
and the people

said:
then you will become be afraid of you." And

well that
"Now
is
you put the
my body
then they
also."
And
two went
to the
furnace,
"I,
the pitch on her.
He
said to her:
Atlatla'lia,
and he put Coyote, must let
you know
ciently)."
just
when you,
then
:
will
in,
And
that
he
"
pushed her
be burnt (suffiand she burned.
Then wood
you (people) cut four pieces of be And then they fastened forked." they the pieces of wood on to her to the front part of her neck and to both her arms and to her legs. Then they
Coyote
so
said
Do
turned her over, and At!at!a
lia
burned.
And
said
then At!at!a'lia said

to her
:
"
:
Now I am
burning."
Then
Coyote
"I,
done), not you."

tell
He
Coyote, must (tell you when you're U I must turned her over and said:
And then said Atlatla'h'a: "I am burrrning!" you." "Soon I shall let you know." She Coyote said to her:
the
reckoned as
extreme
eastern point on the river of the
Wishram (hence
also
Chinookan) country.
38
maqt
Atlatla'lia.
"
:
Aga
kxwo'pt
idE'lxam
gatctu'lxam
isklu'lEyE Ag'amcxklwa'yuwa." wi'tlax gatci'gElkEl ika'uxau
Aga
Atlatla'lia aya'gikal
qucti'axa.
Aga
wi'tla
tklu'na
tctu'klt idE'lxam ika'uxau.
Aga
kxwo'pt
gatclgE'lga
ilkE'mxEm
:
isklu'lEyE.
x
Aga
x
kxwo'pt gatciu'lxam isklu'hyE

x
"Lga qa'ma pu ma'ika Da uya ika'uxau idE'lxam pu amdu'xwa qxi'dau? K!a ya! wi gwa imi^ku ika^xau." Aga kxwo^t gatdi-ila^wa
;
dacpuqlcpu q gal^xox ika^xau.

10
Aga kxwo'pt
idE'lxam
gali'kim isk!u lEyE
"Qlo^b atgadrmama
x
Nadidaûit.
'Ag'
*
Cmaîx
ika uxau,
idE^xam
x
aluit:
gwag^ma,
ika'uxau
qiltcfmElit
x
aga qucti axa
goa'tilx ag' ahi'mEqta.'
Aga kxwo^t
;
gali'kim isklulEyE
15
"Aga mtxklwaû idE^xam kxwo^t gairkim isk!u lEyE

x x x x
ag'
inuwa q Atlatlaîa."
x
Aga
r
pu qxfdau amduxw' x idE^xam ma ika Atiatlaîa aga na ik' isklulEyE, da uya wi gwa im^maqt At!at!a lia." Qxfdau gali xux Nixlu i:
"Na
qxi
dix'ba
Coyote in Sk.'m.
kxwo^t gayu ya iskluÊys gairiwilxt wi'mah 20 Na/wit gayuâm Sklfnba 3 gayuxuga nut idE'lxam Sklfnba. G!wa p gayuâ isklu'lEyE kica^ckpa; itlaâ 'ngi kxwo'pt
Aga
x
gayu'ya.
Qa'dac dau amcxu'xwa cma'nix gwa^nisim qxe amcglu'ma g!w6 b

Galiglu'ma.
x
:
Aga kxwopt gairkim

;
"
five miles from the present town of The Wishram, and contains the same stem element (-xluid-) seen in the generic name Ita'xluit, by which the Wishram call themselves. The first person singular of this, itcxlu'it ("I am a Wishram"), is probThe etymology of Nixlu'idix is uncerably the "Echeloot" of Lewis and Clarke. tain. Louis Simpson suggested that it was connected with diglu'idix ("they
1
Nixlu'idix,
across
and up
about
Dalles,
was the chief
village of the
[i.e.,
together
the people] are heading for it [i.e., the village]"), in reference to the comingof many different tribes of Indians at the Falls for trading-purposes.
is
This
probably folk-etymology, as
ni-
is
common
local
prefix in place-names.
39
burned
all
:
up
At!at!a'h'a died.
the people
"
Now
do you
all
And then Coyote go home !"
said to
he caught sight also of Owl, of whom, in truth, At!at!a'lia was the wife. And he also, Owl, was bringing some more And then Coyote took hold along people.
of
Now
some
!
ashes.
Then Coyote
said
to
him:
"By what
perchance, would you, Owl, do thus to people? This day your name has become Owl." And then he threw the ashes at him Owl became all ashy gray.
right,
No
And
Indian
shall
"Very soon will come here the Whenever an owl (is heard), the people people. 'Now an owl is hooting; now surely some say,
then Coyote said:
will die.'"
person
And
;
then said Coyote:
people then Coyote said

died,
AtJatla'tta."
go home
:
I "
have now
I
killed Atlatla'lia."
"Now do you And
thus to the people.
Coyote, you have this day Thus he did at Wishram, in ... (?).
No Now
longer would you, At!at!a'h'a, do
am
Coyote in Sk!m.
then Coyote went on he travelled up the river. 3 3 in Sklin he urinated on Straightway he arrived at Sk!in
; ;
And
the
people.
Coyote
:
went across to the Falls
he went
thither
And
2
He shouted. by means of a round-pointed canoe. " then he said Mind, now, that you always do thus
was the country immediately north of the Columbia and east of the "Tumwater" inhabited by Sahaptian tribes. 3 Coyote is supposed by the Wishram to have urinated on their Sahaptian neighbors to show their inferiority to themselves. This inferiority consists, among other things, in the use by the Sahaptians of a smaller and more rudely constructed
Sk'.in
Falls or
canoe
(itla'na), as
contrasted with the long, elaborately built ikni'm of the Chinoouse of this itla'na
is
kan
tribes.
The
anticipated by Coyote himself.
40
amcu'ya,
aga kxwo'pt amcglu'ma.
Mca'ika Ilka'imamt
l
;
qxe'dau iamcu'pgEna."
Coyote
and
Itc.'E'xyan.
wi't!ax.
Aga
yam;
x
kxwo'pt gayu'ya isklu'lsyE

isklu'lEyE
N a/ 2 wit
gayu'3
galixE'ltcmaq 5 idE'lxam itclE'xyan.

;
gE lga itclfx-yan aV' atcnulatlaÊlEqEma," iskluÊyE galixluxwa-it. Aga kxwo'pt gayu y' iskluÊyE gatcigE lga yaga^l ikla'munak. x Aga kxwo^t La x gali'xox. GatcigE^ga itc'E'xyan, gaqiux x
;
ktufatla'mElqt Qxa'damt gayu'y' ikni'm na/wit gatcix "Nait!' gatciulatlaÊlq ka nauwe dan.
gwa'nisim
10 lat!a mElEq.
Na wit
7
ihcqo'ba
x x
gi'gwal
iskluÊyE
x
galixfrnax-itam
;
15
wi'lxpa. Aga kxw6 pt gatcug^kEl IkablaM idE^xam Igabla d aknfm axu xt kxwoâ gi gwal iltcqoâ. Aga kxwo^t gatcigE'lkEl iskJu^lEyE itc'E^'yan yago'mEnit qxwo L "Ya xtau ikâx. Aga kxwo'pt gaqiu'lxam isklulsyE
x x
:
xyan yago mEnil.'' Aga kxwo^t Lq!6 p gatci ux; r x x Lq!6 p gali x6x itclE^yan yago'mEnR. Aga kxwo^t ka. x / r nauwe gatkxEni utck sa q u aknfm kxwx/dau idElxam kxwo dau iskluÊyE.
itc!E
-
20
"tga pu q^ma ma'ima Aga kxwo^t gal^kim iskluÊyE itclE^yan qxe dau amdu^wa idslxam. Da'uya wi'gwa dau Na ika isk!u amdu'xwa idE^xam. aga kxwo^t qxe
:
lEyE yami/lxam.
xam.
Kxwo'pt
da uyaba wflx atgad^mama idE^x S alugwagi ma, 'Qxe'dau EX gatci'ux is-
Kwa ic
x
banks
the Sahaptian tribes living on the northern and southern Columbia, east of the Wishram and Wasco. They included the people of Sk'.in on the north, and the "Des Chutes" Indians (Wayam and Tenino) on the south, of the river.
1
The Hka'imamt were

of
the
his
of
The itc'.E'xyan, or Merman, of the Wishram, is evidently, as far at least as name is concerned, identical with the gambler's protector itclx-ia'n (itslxia'n) the Lower Chinook, among whom also his dwelling is supposed to be in the
2
waters
(see
Boas,
Chinook Texts, pp.
220-222; and
Kathlamet Texts,
p.
19).
you
shall shout;
shout.
You
are the Hka'imamt / thus
whenever you cross over, then you shall I have named you."
Coyote
and
HC.'E' xyan?
Coyote went on again. Straightway he arrived (at another place). Coyote heard that the Merman was always swallowing people. Wheresoever a canoe went, straightway the Merman seized it every one he "Now him let swallow me swallowed. also," thought
then
;
And
Coyote. Then he
And
came
then
Coyote
went
and
got a
into view.
The Merman
big tree. caught hold of
him, and he was swallowed down. Straightway Coyote fell down under the water (apparAnd then he saw many people ently) to the bottom.
;
many Then Coyote caught
canoes were piled together there under the water.
And
off.
4
then
Coyote
sight of the was told:

it
heart."
Then he
cut
off;
Merman's heart hanging. "That is the Merman's the Merman's heart wa*s cut
all
then everything floated up to the surface the canoes and the people and Coyote.
And
And then Coyote said: "By what right, perchance, would you alone, Merman, do thus to the people? This day you will have had enough of doing thus to the people. Soon the people will come I, Coyote, have told you. into this land, and then they shall say, 'Thus did Coyote
Even to-day the imagination of the Wishram peoples certain bodies of water in the mountains south of Fort Simcoe (the agency e. g., a lake with mermen town of Yakima Reservation) is said to be ayatclfi'xyanix ("peopled with
;
mermen").
3
This
word
is
used
only
in
reference to the swallowing of anything by an
itclE'xyan.
*
Coyote used the tree to climb up to the heart, which was dangling high up
out of reach.
42
itdE'x'yan.'
Kxwo'pt a'ga
itclE'x'yan
p!aT am-
xuxwa.
Coyote at Lapwai, Idaho.
l
Aga
yu'it isklu'liyE
caxla'damt aga qlwa'p tciu'xdix quct

3
/ x
iakla'mEla-ixba
5 yugwa'lal
ia'lxam. Kinwa' dan idia'piqx dnux qxa'daga 16 q! atcli/xwa 7 ki nwa gi^walix al^ya da'ukwa 16^! atd^xwa. Kwopt x x " Qxa ngi anxuxwa ?" Gatca gElkEl wa ugalixtu^wa-it " nEm. Galixlu'xwa-it ItbfnaLx andu^wa."
itc!f xiyp:n
ca'xElix
k!ma
gatcdaûx. Kwopt ya xt!a 7 10 a-ikla^ gadi'xlux aga gatcigE^kEl ix^mat yaxagalcqlwa x x k!a uk!au gatcu'xix itbi naLx iliâq yamit ix^mat sa/q
Kwopt
gatct^x;
;
a-ik!a\i
11
gateaux.
Kwopt
W^tla
xumx.
a-itsxa p ialipaq gali xLgaligElu ya; gateaux ikli^na iirpaq; w^t.'a galigElu'ya
aga mank
qlwa/p
tsxa'p
tsxa'p.
x
nixu'xwax.
Wi t!ax
gatctu'x
;
15 wiÎa* galigEluâ
Da'ukwa
galixi/lalEmtck
ila-
gwE'nmixba
ickli'tcax.
agâ
Lq!a p galigugwa^x qlwaîxix g^wEnmaba^
"Hi itdfxian! yamux^mui x K!a ya qxa ngi atxlatlaânqma." itclfxiyan. Wi t!a gatciu^xam il^gwEnmixba kwodaî xa'l 20 gali'kim. A -i gateaux ya x xa k!a u ilu^dix wo unEmba gatcûkct.
Kwopt galigfmx
x
iskluîyE
Ga'n ix^mat
;
iabina Lx Engi.
fu'2
3
r
Aga
x
r
gali
r
xux itdfxiyan
sqxi Lak p!a
25 fu
2
1
Aga gateaux. qatgi Ifxlix galixu'xwax

la
is
qatgi cpa'k gayupsaklaît r x ya xt!ax iskluliyE gali xux

itclfxiyan
Wi'tla
ya xt!a
Lapwai
in
Reservation, and
2
lies
the western part of what is now the Lapwai or Nez Perces Indian south of Clearwater River, an eastern tributary of the Snake.
itc'.E'xyan, is
The same word,

in the
here used for the "mountain monster" as was
used
preceding myth for the "Merman."
The
latter is
supposed
to
be half
43
transform
will
the
Merman.'
And
then
you,
the
Merman,
do no harm."
1 Coyote at Lapwai, Idaho.
Coyote goes towards the uplands, and he approaches truly a bad place, the land of the mountain monster. 2 Anything with wings would try to fly overbut still he would swallow it without difficulty should head,
,
Now
it
try to
Then
hill
go by underneath, he would swallow "What shall I do?" (Coyote) thought:

"
:
it
likewise.
He saw
and thought
it
shall
make a
it
Then he made
tied
it
and
tied
hazel-bush rope." on to the (hill); then he
he saw the (monster) He tied lying down, lying with face and belly down. some hazel-bush ropes all together and made a long rope.
about
himself also.
Now
him his rope ran out, falling somewhat short. Again he made another rope again he went up to him and came a little nearer, yet fell short. Again he made a rope again he went up to him and fell short. Thus he kept doing, and at the fifth time reached close
to
;
; ;
Then he went up
enough, about
five steps off.
Then Coyote
lenging you that
said
"
:
mountain monster
other."
am
chal-
we two swallow each
The moun-
did not say anything at all. tain monster lies silent. Again (Coyote) spoke to him it was the fifth time before He said "Yes" to him, although he looked up at him.
,
He
(Coyote) was tied on to the hill by means of his rope. Now the mountain monster drew in his breath, - - fu'2
the
little
fish
3
;
(rope)
was
he
stretched
let
it
out
to
while
come
somewhat forcibly. Then Coyote rest.
In a
also
and half man, while the former is described as resembling rather a sphinx. The monster had been wont to devour all beings that passed by by drawing them to himself with his breath. Fu2 represents the sound made by sucking
3
44
gateaux fu
x
2.
gali'xux itc'ixiyan
LagwE'nmix qxi'dau gacxu'x. Aga cpa'k adl 2 sEm ga'lixux isklu'liyE qatgi a'nuit
x
;
;
gayula'pIatcgwixlitEmtck
ca'xEli ca'xEli galixu'lalEmtck

r
aga
r
qlwa'p Iqlu'p
5
r
iki'xax iabi'naLx;
x x x
aga y^xi
calt!a
pqt wou-
x na'mba kwoâ qxi k!a u aki xax. Fu^ ia'Lqdix gatci ux ala lala Jga'la kwo dau p!ala gateaux.
Aga
Igu'p
x
ya'xtla isk.'u'liyE gali

:
xux
fu'4
da uka lga
1
la.
;
gaqHtcmoq
"A^
;
;
na, a 4 na.
x
BuV
"
gaqi'ltcmoq
Kwopt ia wan
r
Qxida uba gadigE lba idiaqla^cukc. galixu'xwax r Cma nix aqxigatixkxa'-imat iaVan. 10 daînwa ix^mat
lgu p alixi/xwa iaVan. gwa xiaaxdixa na wit r isk!u liyE fu' gatci ux anwit galiktgwo'xidix.
;
Aga ya xdau Aga ya xdau

r
wa x galuxwa xax
idiaq!a
mcukc
qxi dau idiakla'ni.
Aga kwo
15 ti/x
Lla'x 11
7
,
pt cu'x" gatci^x.
Aga kwo^t idElxam
gatc-
yaka'yaxdau
r
i
Engi
;
xt
wrixam
x x
A-ilqla'p tslu'nus, idiagfwoq. x r I wi qxida/u aga gatctu x idElxam.

r
;
gali
x
xux
aga
k!a ya
idE'lxam
gatctu x.
kwaic k!a ya Wi^xam idiagfwoq YaMma imalx^klu'lmat ixi'mat. "Hi
ya xka aga anii/xwa idE^xam Wrcxam." Aga ga^wit x x / 20 W^cxam idE^xam idap!a qxa imalx u tk!u lmat Engi ya xdau algrma ilca^latkc idE^xam Wi'cxam imal^tklulmat diwi
;
ilaq'o'qxctaq caipla^geq.
Wi t!a
x
idE'lxam
wi galixu x. r x tcdu xt La pwai

i
25
kw6
pt
wi c gali xux.
r x
K!a ya kwa ic kwo ba bama bama aga k!a x ya dan. Lar -ima UgaVulqt IHuxt idi
;
A la!
x
gi^t gatcu x x tcuLa da. Gal^kim
Kwopt
wa tckti
u
:
gala-ixfnaLx idia^cEnba ga5
Ya xdau imcx^x
Cwa/nic
45
drew
in
his breath
fu"2
the mountain monster
somewhat shaky.
himself,
-
Again
he also tried
to
became draw him to
fu'2.
The
fifth
time the two did thus.

it
The
!
mountain monster went at
with great force.
Oh, dear
Coyote became uneasy. Somehow he kept rising straightway he kept getting higher and higher, and his rope Now the hill is worn far in at that part almost snapped. in which it had (the rope) tied to it. Long he tried to draw him to himself fu'4, and so on for quite some time before he let him come to rest. Now Coyote, in 'his turn, drew in his breath, fu"4, also for quite some time. Then the (mountain monster) was " heard groaning A^na, a^na, Bu'xV he was heard his It is for this belly burst, and his guts went out of him. reason that he was always lying down, lying down on
;
:
his belly.
If
he were to be turned over,
his belly
straightway
to himself,
Coyote tried to And that straightway he turned over. Thus was his character. (monster's) guts were spilt out.
burst.
fu'
;
And
that
would draw him
And
of that
(it)
then he skinned him.
Then he made people
out
same (monster's)
away, one
people.
(yet)
made
flesh,
(He) cut off a little, threw In this way he village (came into being). had no more he Then he discovered that
flesh.
he had not yet

the
made
the
Wishram
people.
There was only the tongue lying down.

shall
make
made)
(he
the
Wishram people out of it." flat-headed Wishram people
"Well, then I And indeed

out
of the
Therefore the people dwelling farther up say tongue. heads are like a tongue, flat. the Wishrams' that Again he looked around. Behold! As yet he had
not
made any people belonging
to that place, to
Lapwai
And then he felt sorry. but there was nothing left at all. There was only blood on his hands. Then he plucked
some
grass,
wiped
his
hands with
it,
and threw
it
away.
46
"Cwa'nic ittlu'xialmax tfga'wulqt Engi algi'ma 1 idE'lxam; ana'i idE'lxam idaxa'dinax."
Qxi'dau
:
Coyote
and
aga
a
the
Sun?
Aga
yu'it
isklu'liyE
La'xiamt.
Aga
gayu'yam.
"Hi," gatcu'lxam aga'Lax, 5 uwa'lalma. Qxa'daga anxEmga'ba

gagi'ux.
t!u'kdix
anxu'xwa
;
nla'-itix
ayamx
Emcta'mx.''
r
Yaxa a
;
-i
galugwa'wulx aga Lax. Galu'ya kwo'ba r 7 r Adl 2 tk!i gali xux ka'naya'xtlax iskluîyE gatcu'wa. wi dan
5
Ka dux u
r
x ka dux u gacdu ix wi t!a da uka da'nmax gar 10 tcuVegslx, idElxam qxa^ngimax ugaki'xax, qxa ngi qxlu'damit ilgage'lak, a'watci dan qxi uxtkt, iakla'mEla dan, Ani'x sEm ka'nawi dan gatcic^/lks! isklu'lyE. qxlu'waqt x " dan ni xux. imcgi'uxt." Kwopt niglu'ma Yamcu'qxEmit
Wi'tlax
Yamgaligluâ ]5 cu'qxEmit." Kwopt kla'ya tqle'x" gagi'ux. Gagiu'lxam x x "Aga kwo'pt ayami/kLa. K!wa txala imikla'mEla na qxi Ku r ldix it'u'ktix pu amdu'xwa idElxam mani'x mani'x. 7 x x pu aluxwa xa iaklaÊla-ix." Qxida'u Engi da uya k!a ya r K!ma cma nix pu gali'xux isklu'lyE pu ilxalqxLa'xilit. x x r x Oxi 20 da uya wi gwa ka'nawi can mani'x mani x qxLii'xt. x x dau ki nwa gali xux isklu'lyE. Aga kwo'pt dami'nwa gar li xux. Kwoba p!a x la gali x xux t!u x gayuâm.
Wi'tlax gatcuge kEl
;
da'ukwa
wi'tlax
This
is
Neg Perce
that has
been borrowed by the Wishram probably
in recent
times (see Herbert). Spinden, in Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. XXI, 1908, p. 14). * This myth fitly closes the Coyote cycle, as in it Coyote reaches the farthest point to the east possible,
,
the
home
of the Sun,
who
is
conceived as a
this
woman
to
"sun,"
is
feminine in gender).
widespread myth, of which
seems
be
47
He
said
people."
Out of that you have become the Nez Perces " Thus do men say Nez Perces are brave
:
"
warriors, a people made out of blood. 1 gerous people of warriors."
They
are a dan-
Coyote
and
the
Sun?
Now
(there).
I I
shall
shall
going towards the sun. Then he arrived "Well," he said to the Sun, "it is good that be your slave and that 1 shall follow you about.
Coyote
is
work
for
said
"Yes" to
So she nothing, you are chieftainess." him. Early next morning the Sun arose.
(Wherever) she went, there he also, Coyote, followed her. Oh, dear he looked on and saw everything. Early next morning they two went again. Again, as - - in he saw various what various before, things, ways peo!
were acting, how women were eloped with, or what was stolen, what bad things (were done), who was killed, At last he became uneasy. Then everything Coyote saw. "I see what you people are doing." he cried out: he saw them. As before, he cried out again Again "I see you." Then she did not want him. She said to " him Now I shall have taken you with me long enough. It would not be good that you should are too mean. You There would soon be trouble." always tell on people. It is because of this that we do not find everything out. But if Coyote had become (the sun), everybody would
ple
: :
In this way did Coyote to-day be betrayed in his secrets. And then he gave it in vain try to become (the sun). up.
a
There he stopped
of
variation,
he had arrived at the end.

at
is
kind
various
animals in
is
objection
Coyote also with him for the sun.
related, represents the All are tried, but some found in every case except in that of the one who is now the sun. is tried, but is derided for his tale-telling; life would be impossible
or
with
which,
council as to
who
to
any rate, this be the sun.
is
48
Ikla'n'
isk.'u'lEyE.
itqleyo'qtikc.
Qedau gaqi'ux iqa'nutck ga'ngadix Da'uya wigwa kla'ya itqleyo'qtikc.
2.
THE SALMON
STORY.
Aga
kxwo'pt galgi'uwaq igu'nat

la'itc
ilcgi'lukc
igwE'nEmikc
isklu'lEyE
ipH'cxac.
5 Sa'q u galilxE'lEmux.
Galga'gElga aya'kikal iguna't. Galxuûktcu iliaâpt IVx.'t. Kxwo^t

x
aga gactugwe^kti.
wimalia^t.
y Aga k?w6 pt da k
Aga kxwo'pt
x
gali/xuni
Galuâ wiâl ilga'pt. yaga^lpa

gahci/x.
x
Aga kxw6
10
pt
igu'nat
x
galiôx ag'
idialxe
wulx gali'xox.
r x
Aga kxwo'pt galiôx iaga^l igi/nat. Aga kxwo^t gayu ya gatclu'naxlam galgi waq la -itcka wâm. Aga gayagi/qxam agagHak wi-ixa^pa. Aga kxwo pt L!a k gatcii/x itca^xuit. Aga kxwo'pt gala ktcax "Na qx' itlu^tix L!a k imiux." Gacaâlqxilx. Aga kxwo^t
;
gatcu^xam
15
a
:
Aniu xwa
t!a
ya imrqxuit atcrnEmax a'mEni."

x
kxwo'pt tlaâ gatci'ux itca qxuit. Aga kxwo^t gax Kxwoâu "Yaxta'ba isk!u lEyE y^xtipircxac. giu'lxam
Aga
y^xiba
Ixfla-itix
tfcgHukc
galgi
dwaq
ma ika wrmam.
laîba
ikiûkc
x
Iw
x
Aga kxw6
20 lyaba
r x
pt
gayu ya iguna^.
ctu xt
x
Na wit gayuâm
watcE'lxba
r
isk!u
qa xba
i
ipH'cxac,
x
ctu'xt.
Aga
kxwo^t
:
kcEn igu nat. Aga kxwo'pt gacx ki m alidâ hixwan "N^qxi da'pt kl^ya." Aga kxiwo'pt x x t. gal^clupq iguna GacgigE^kEl. Aga kxwo^t gacktca x
wi gatcli/x
ilie
x
ip!i
cxac iskluÊyE.
Galicgu^xam.
Kxw6
pt gacgi^lxam.
that
The Salmon myth of the Wishram presents several striking analogies with of the Lower Chinook (see Boas, Chinook Texts, pp. 60-87). Salmon and Eagle are the two most heroic figures in Wishram mythology, and the deeds
1
49
Thuswise did the men (This is) the story of Coyote. of old in ancient days relate the tale. To-day there are
no longer (such) men of
old.
2.
THE SALMON
and
STORY. l
they and Skunk
Now
killed
the
five
wolves
Coyote,
Salmon.
They
seized Salmon's wife
and ate him
all
up.
One
it
Then
of his eggs dropped down. And then it rained. was loosened up and went on to the river. Now
the salmon-egg floated in the Great River. 2 And then it grew into a salmon and became strong. He became a
well-grown Salmon. And then he went,
went to look for those who had killed his father. Then he met a woman in the trail. " It is not And then he opened her apron (?). She cried good that you have opened it." She wept. And then he said to her: "I shall make beautiful your apron (?) by means of dentalium-shells." And then he made beautiful her apron (?). Then she said to him: "Yonder dwell
:
Coyote and Skunk.
And
farther yonder are the wolves
who have
killed
your
father.
Way
yonder are dwelling
the five wolves."
Salmon went. Straightway he arrived at where Coyote and Skunk were dwelling they were living And then Salmon examined his in an underground lodge.
then
;
And
hand.
;
Then they two said: "He will not corneas far as I think not." Then Salmon went in to them, and they this saw him. And then Skunk and Coyote started in crying; he
went up
of the
to
meet them.
form what
is
They spoke
to him.
Coyote said
former
tribes.
is,
tales of the Chievidently one of the most popular
nookan
2
That
Columbia River.
II.
50
Gali'kim isklu'lEyE
:
"Qa'ntcix gayu'mEqt wi'mam kxwopt
bama' nuqp/lqt gwa'nEsum na'ika isklu'lEys ag' ipii'cxac." "Ag' amanElxE'ktcgwaya ala'xit wi'namc aya'iaxit gamtgi'dwaq." GatcagE'lga isklu'lEyE ala'xit kxwo'pt gatca'x x x x ilut iguna t iaân. Gaqa -ilut. E wi gatcu xwa; daLlakL!a k gala'xox alaît. Aga kxwopt gatcûgwilx. Gax x tci'ulxam: "Aklo^' a nid ate/xit w^nEmc ayala xit. QE nEgi Gatca -ilut ak!o na iskluÊyE iguna't gama'tx' alaît?" x ia'xan gaqxaîlut ala'xit. Aga wi t!a daL!akL!a k gala";
10 xox.
Aga kxwo'pt
x
wi
t!a
gatcûgwilx.
e wi gatcu
x x x x
Gaqxa
galaôx
-ilut
ata/xit alalu'n
xwa
x x
ala'xit.
Aga
r
kxwc/pt
wi'tla gatci ugwilx.
Aga
kxw6rpt
wi
x
t!a
x
15 wi t!a
gatca'-ilut ak!o n' ala xit alala kt; e wi gatcu'xwa; x x da ukwa daL!akL!a k gala'xox ala x xit. Agâ kxwo'pt Aga wi't!a a'-lxt aklo'na gatca'-ilut. gateiugwilx.
x
GatcagE lga; e wi gatcu'xwa. Gatcalla'da afa'xit; x gatcagE lga wi'am ayala xit; axk Vgatcu'gElaqlk.
x
:
aga
x x " Gatcculxam Gamtgi dwaq mda'ika wi nEmc ayala xit x aga da uya wig'wa inagE^ga." GaqigE lga isk!u lEyE. Aga
x
;
20 kxwo'pt gaqi'ulada isklu'lEyE gi'gwal wimafia'mt itpo'quxx iamt gaqi'ulada wi'tlax ip!i cxac. Qxe'dau gatciulxam isklu";
IfiyE:
Kxw6
"Ma'ika ag' amgucgi'walEma isk!u x lEyE wi'maJpa." x dau ipli'cxac wi t!a da'ukwa gatciu'lxam. Qe'dau
iguna't iaxa'n. Ipli'cxac aga isk!u lEyE qe'dau x x cta'xka gacgi waq wi'am igu nat. Aga gatccin,
gali'kim
25 gatccu'x
kli'mnagwa
qe'dau gatccu'x.
Aga wi'tlax gayi/ya igu'nat ia'xan. Na^wit gayu'ya. Aga kxw6 pt gatdxtcmo'q ilgagi'lak luqxE'lqt. Aga
x
kxwo'pt galixlu'xwa-it
30 kikal o'qxElqt."
itq
u li'ba.
"
:
Digutci'x Ika wi'namc da'ua aya'-
Aga
kxwo'pt gayu'ya.
Na^wit gayu'ya
:
Gagiu'kct, gagiu'gulaqlk.
Naxlu'xwa-it
"Naik'
your father died, ever since then, I, Coyote, have been always weeping, also Skunk." "Now you will give back to me the bow, the bow of my father whom you have slain." Coyote took hold of a bow then gave it to Salmon's son. It was given to And him, and he turned it about; it broke to pieces.
;
"When
then
"Give me (Salmon) beat him and said to him another bow, my father's bow. What have you done with the bow?" Coyote gave Salmon's son another one. The
:
bow was
given to him, but again then again he beat him.
it
broke to pieces.
And
about,
A
him.
third
bow was given
to him.
He
turned
it
and the bow broke to
Then (Coyote)
turned
it
then again he beat pieces. gave him another bow, the fourth.
And
He
about
again, as before, the
bow broke
to
Now he gave him then again he beat him. pieces. He took it and turned it around. He still another one.
And
now he had gotten his father's bow spanned the bow now he recognized it. " You two have killed my father He said to the two his bow." He seized Coyote. I obtained now this day have And then Coyote was dragged down to the river, while Skunk was thrown up to the mountains. Thus he said
;
to Coyote:
"You, Coyote,
the
river."
And
also
to
prowl up and down along Skunk did he speak in similar

shall
Thus did speak Salmon's son. Thus did he treat Skunk and Coyote, two of those who had killed Now he had taken revenge for him on Salmon's father. them thus he did with them.
manner.
;
Now
And
Salmon's son went on again. Straight on he went. Then he thought then he heard a woman weeping.
"Perhaps this is my father's wife who is weeping." And house. then he went on. Straight on he went, into the
She
looked
at
him and recognized him.
She thought:
52
itcgika'l digutci'x Ika
ya'xan igu'nat gaqxe'doaq

"
:
digutci'x
tfcgi'-
ia'xan."
lukc
kxwo'pt gagiu'lxam gaqxe'doaq wi'mam. Da'uya
Aga
dik'
LgwE'nEmikc /
itq
u le
ba Iki'xax
gayu'lait
hte'la-itix.
Kwaic aldi'mama."
5 itqê'ba
Vx
Aga
kxwo'pt
gali
x6x
iq!e y6qt.
/ x
Aga
kxwo'pt fxt
:
gayuâm
x x
icgiûkc itq le ba.
ll
Gali
kim icgHukc
galixigEltcim.
"HE'mm, igu nad ia^tckc." Aga kxwo^t Aga kxw6 pt iql^yo^t gayulaMaxElitimtck.
kxwo^t gagiu^xam icgiûkc agagiâk: "ImiE^cix Aga x x 7 x 10 ya xtau iq!e yoqt na ika wrnsmc. P!a r ixa." Ikli/na fxt gax "HE'mm, iguna'd ia^tckc." y^yam aga wi t!ax gairkim
:
Aga kxwxz/pt galixigE^tcim. laMaxElitimtck. Gagiulxam

imiE'qcix.''
Aga kxwo^t
a
:
iql^yoqt gayu-
P!a
x l'
ixa iql^yoqt
na ika
15
Wi t!a
x
ik!u
na
ix't
gay^yam
:
gatci'ux.
Gagiu^xam
Wi t!a da ukwa icgHukc. x xtau na^ka wrnsmc. "ImiE^cix ya

x
:
P!aT
r
ixa."
gatci ux.
"Pla
!'
ixa.
Hala^t icgiûkc gayuâm. Wi t!a da'ukwa x Gatciutl^walalEmtck iq!e yoqt. Agagii/lxam x x xtau na ika wrnEmc." Axa wi r t!a ImiE'qcix ya
20 ixgo qEnkt icgiûkc

x
gayuâm aga
;
sa'qx gayu yam.
11
Aga
t!aya
gatsklskllu^k iqle'yoqt.
Aga kxwo'pt
a'xka ifga'xalukc,
gafgu'lxam agagi'lak JgwE'nEmikc

ilga'gikal
iqle'yoqt,
i\
"Ag' amiulxa'ma wi'mam

25 dintclu'xa intca'qcix."
kanamlgwE'nEmikc ifcgi'lukc, aga itga'matcx atcgagiu'lxam iqle'yoqt

"
:
Aga kxwo'pt
A'i," itga'matcx da'ula-itc IgwE'iiEmikc."gali'kim, "andu'xwa." Ka'dux; aga kxwo'pt Galu'qxwui.
"Aga amdu'xwa
gatctu'x iqle'yoqt itga'matcx

A'ixt
ila'qcix Icgi'lukc agatctu'x.

u
La'q
a'-ixt
11
gatcu'xwa
La'q
u
wi't!a
a'-ixt
;
La'q
gatcu'xwa
30 wi'tlax
gatcu'xw'
alalu'n
wi'tlax
a'ixt La'q u
53
"Perhaps
slain
;
it
is
the son of
it
my
perhaps
father
is
his son."
husband Salmon who was And then she said to him

:
"Your
was
slain
by
five wolves.
In this very
house
They will come they are (to be found; here) they dwell. Then he sat down in the house and transpresently."
formed himself into an old man. And then one of the wolves
arrived
is
in
the house.
The wolf
said:
"Hi^rnm,
there
a smell of salmon."
And man
the
violently pushed against him, and the old Then the woman said to staggered to and fro. wolf: "That old man is your father-in-law and my
then
he
father.
Let him alone."

there
is
Another one came and
also said
"HE'mm,
a smell of salmon."
And
then he vio-
lently pushed against him, and the old man staggered to " Let the old man alone, he and fro. She said to him is my father and your father-in-law." Also he treated him likeStill one other wolf arrived. " That is your father-in-law and She said to him wise.
: :
my
father.
Let
said
him
alone."
;
The
fourth
wolf arrived.
Also he treated him thus
he pushed the old
man
about.
Then she
in-law
"Let him alone.
That
the
is
your father,
and
my
father."
all
Now
also the eldest wolf arrived
now they had

good look
arrived.
Then
old
man took
at them.
And
then the five wolves said to the

were,
will
- - all
tell
woman, her whose
men they
"Now you
old
the five wolves were her husbands, the old man, your father; now let our
for us."
father-in-law
make arrows
Then she They
said to the
man:
he
It
"Now you
said,
will
"Yes,"
night.
"I
shall
make arrows make them."
for these five."
slept over
was morning and then the
old
man made
the
arrows; their (supposed) father-in-law made them. He took out one (arrow); yet one (arrow) he took a third one he took out; yet a fourth one out;
yet
54
gatcu'xw'
alala'kt
;
aga
wi'tlax a'-ix't
Laq gatcu'xwa
ala-
gwE'nEma.
Gatctu'kf
gwE'nEma itga'matcx ba'ma
la'-itcka
;
Aga kxwo'pt gahi'qxui. Gayutcu'ktix gatcLii'kwaLqk. Aga kxwo'pt gatcdu't idga'matcx. Aga Aga la'-itc ilcgHukc kxwo'pt sa'q galixElxajda'midagwa. aga wi t!a galxkloa" ka'dux. Aga kxwo'pt gayuâ. Aga u kxwo'pt i'wi i'wi gatci'uxix sa q wl'lx igu'nat. Aga gali kim, qe'dau galixli/xwa-it "Aga da'uya wi'gwa anhidi'11
a'lEm' atcludi'na.
naya ilcgriukc
w^nEmc galgiMwoq."
10
Aga kxwo'pt
galixirk;
7
iltcqoa
x
Vx
aga K!a ya iltcqoa Aga kxwo^t gatdu'x 1 Waxca'mba fr'xtka lqu ct gaitpoqo^ba; iltcqoa' igu'nad tch/x iltcqoa S^q" datsmaîx li xtka iltcqoa gatclu'x
7 x 7
cpa k
iax
Ga'ltipa aga lax gatch/x. x u gala x6x. Aga kxwo^t sa/q

;
.
galxca q iltcqoa
7
15 igu nat.
x
Aga kxw6
x
pt
gali^xac'
icgriukc.
x
Aga kxw6
7
pt
;
ke nua gayu ya fxtbo wi'qah K!a y' tftcqoa gatclgE^ga 7 u ixcafq t wi'qah Aga kxwo'pt gatclgE^kEl iltcqoa icgiûkc. x x x Ag' ilxE cEt; kxwo^t gayu ya iltcqoa ba.
Aga kxwo^t
x
iguna
gatcto'x
7
idaga itsax itkla'munak

x
20 tsluûs itloâtck; qloa'p ifrcqoa gatctu x. Aga kxwo^t r x x x itloâtckba t t!aya gayuâ-it iguna q!oa p ihcqoa ba. Aga
kxwo
pt x 2wit yana
gayu ya
icgilukc
;
gatclgE^kEl
iltcqoa
7
kxwo'pt
25
Aga
xus
iltcqoaâ gatcluguîctEm iltcqoa x icgri 7 x 8 x E x gatdu x iguna d iltcqoa gatdo'qxumct, x x x kxwo^t man(g) gi gwal galxu x iltcqoa^ a-ila'u isi a.
gasx6 x. Aga kxwo'pt ia maq gatci lux icgriukc. x Galix^maxit icgi lukc gayuÊqt. Aga kxwo'pt gatcigE^ga x x t Gatci iguna icgilukc. waq, gatciîlada.
;
1
Wa'xcam
is
on Yakima Reservation, four miles
east of a point about
midway
55
he took
out.
out-,
He
and one (arrow) besides, the fifth, he took took with him the five arrows in order that he
And then they slept over night. Daymight kill them. he and finished the (arrows). And then he gave light came, Then he transformed himself the arrows to (the wolves).
back entirely to his original form. Now the wolves came back home in the morning, and he went out of the house. And then Salmon looked all over the land. [He said,]
thus
he thought:
slain
"Now
this
day
shall kill the
wolves
who have
my
father."
And
The Then
then he exercised his magic power upon the water. sun rose and it became warm the sun shone strong.
;
all
found.
among
water.
the water dried up. There was no water to be And then Salmon made just one spring of water the mountains at Wa'xcam, 1 indeed, he made the
;
Just
all.
seen by
one spring of water Salmon made, plainly Now, then one of the wolves became thirsty.
to a certain small river to
So he went
but
dried
(that
in
quench
his thirst,
vain.
up.
He did not get any water; the And then the wolf caught sight of
river
was
the water
Salmon had made).

then
Now
he was
thirsty, so
he went
a
few
to the water.
And
bushes;
sat
Salmon
made
some
small
trees,
near to the water he
made them.
Then Salmon
well prepared in the bushes near to the water. Now the wolf went on and saw the water. Straight on to the spring he went. The wolf went to drink the water
;
down
then
a
started
in
drinking
water.
it.
power upon and the wolf's eyes just disappeared from view. little, Then he shot at the wolf, and the wolf fell down he was And then Salmon took hold of the wolf. He had dead. killed him, and threw him away.
;
the
magic So then the water sank down
Salmon exercised
his
between Fort Simcoc and Block House.
56
Wi'tla
gayu'ya kxwo'ba
gatdufa'da.
td'waq,
Sa'q gagayu'fa-it iguna't. Wi'tla iklu'na fxt gayu'ya icgi'lukc

;
ifacqoa'ba.
Aga
;
wi't!ax gatdo'qxEmct.
Aga
wi't!a
ya'maq
x
Wi t!a K!u'na fxt wi't!a gayu'maqt icgi'lukc. gatd'lux. x x 5 gatcfgE^ga gatciuh/da. Wi t!a k!u na fxt gayu'ya icgflukc
7
iialu'n
tftcqoa'yamt.
;
Wi't!a
gatdo'qxEmct.
x
;
Wi'tla
GatcigE lga gatciu'lada. gatcHux gatciVaq. r Wi t!a k!u na fxt gayu'ya icgflukc ilala'kt iltcqoaVamt. Gatcfwaq Gatclo^xEmct. Wi t!a ya'maq gatci'lut iguna't.
ya'maq
gatcigE lga
gatciula'da.
laga'its
ixklE'skax icgilukc wftla

x
Gayifyam ihcqoa'ba.
lixlu'xwa-it igu nat
a
:
gayu ya iltcqoa'yamt. Na 7qxi gatclu^xumct. Ke'nua gaKla'ya gatclu'gEmct

B
AtchigE'mcta."
ixk!E skax
15 qe'dau
Aga icgflukc. 7 ixk!E skax. gali'xox

:
kxwo'pt
gali'ktcax
;"
Aga kxwo'pt
iguna't
galix-
hfxwa-it
icgflukc.
"Na'qx'
itlu'ktix."
Itkla'munakiamt gayu'yam
;
Aga
gatclu'dina lla'ktikc iguna't ia'xan la'-itcka
Pu gatclu'dina ka'nauwe IgwE'ga^gi'waq wi'am iguna't. nEmikc pu k!a'ya ilcgflukc da'uya wfgwa k!ma Jla'ktikc
;
20 gatdu'dina, fxt nixwo'axit ixkls'skax
ila'-uxix.
Aga
u'xt.
kxwo'pt gayu'ya
u itq lia'mt
iguna't qa'xba a'yagutx
Aga
:
kxwo'pt gayu'yam
u itq lfba.
;
Kxwo'pt
gatcu'l-
xam
"Aga
inhi'dina ilcgi'lukc lla'ktikc
ixa'tk' ixklE'skax
:
icgi'lukc igixwo'axit."
25 "Ag' atxklwa'ya." Luwa'n qa'uadix gactu'goyom, aga kxwo'pt gatcaxi'ma, Hkla'ckac la'luxt qucti'gatsaltsgi'ma iguna't agagi'lak.
;
Aga kxwo'pt gatcu'lxam agagi'lak Aga kxwo'pt gactu'ya; aga gatcu'kla.
axa
ilcgi'lukc itcawa'nba.
Aga
30
ilakla'its
kxwo'pt gayaktxui't.
ilskli'luks
li'x't.
Aga
kxwo'pt galagElga'ba
itca'wanba;
Wi'tla
gaya'ktxuit
57
Salmon seated himself. and thrown him away. completely Again one other wolf went to the water. Now he also started in to drink it, and again (Salmon) shot at him. Again one other wolf died. Again he took hold of him and threw him away. Again one other wolf, the third, went towards the water. He also started in to drink it. Again (Salmon) shot at him and killed him. He took hold of him and threw him away. Again one other wolf, the fourth, went towards the water. He started in to drink it, and again Salmon shot at him. He killed him, took hold of him, and threw him away. The smallest and youngest wolf also went towards the
his
He went back to He had killed him
place;
water.
it.
He
arrived
at the
Salmon thought:
a
:
"He
did
water, but did not drink of will drink of it," but in vain.
all.
The youngest wolf

cried
not drink at
U6
thought: woods.
thus did the youngest do. The wolf "It is not well."
;"
And then he And then Salmon

escaped
to
;
the
Now
had slain his would be no wolves to-day, but he killed (only) four, (for) one had been scared away, their youngest brother. And then Salmon went to the house where his stepmother was living. Then he arrived at the house, and said to her: "Now I have slain four of the wolves only And then he one, the youngest wolf, was scared away." said to the woman: "Now let us two go home." Then I do not the two went on he took her along with him.
; ;
Salmon's son has killed four (wolves) they If he had slain alt five, there father Salmon.
know how many

laid
times they
camped over
night
when he
down, Salmon laid the woman down belly up. There was a child inside of her; as it turned out, there were wolves in her womb: And then he stepped on her one tiny little wolf came wolf out of her. Again he stepped on her belly; a tiny
her
;
58
gafagE'lba
ilak'a'itsax
itcawani'amt
gala'gslba.
i'wi
ilskli'luks.
Da'ukwa IgwE'nEma
ilakla'i-
Aga
kxwo'pt gatclu'dina
tsax.
tu'lpa.
Kxwo'ba
gatcu'x watu'i,
kxwo'ba gatclu'x wa-
Aga kxwo'pt gactu'ya. Da'uax wi'am a'gikal. agagi'lak Atklu'natk!u'ntk!un, qxuct gaqxi'waq itca'gikal iguna't.
Qxi'dau ga'lixox iguna't.
gatcu'kl'
Kxwo'pt aga
tk!un uqxE'lqt r /fezE^^z^r

:
EtfH gwa'nESEm.
u
r
Cma'-
alidrmama iguna aqxe dwagwa Nixlu'idixpa aga alaktcaÊma atklu'ntklun. kxwo'pt Nax 2wit gatcu kla, na wid ihcqo / ba gatcu'Ham. Aga 10
nix
t
;
kxwo
pt gacgigE'lg' ikni'm, gacti kla-it.

"
:
Aga
kxwo'pt ga-
tcu'lxam
Ag'
:
Iguna't gali'kim
amqliVatcgwa."
15 Stcqo'ba yfe'lqdix.
anugopti da, aga ma'im' amqliVatcgwa." x "Ag' anxu'qcida aga ma^ma agagi lak x Aga kxwo'pt galix6 qcit. Gactu'xuni
;
Aga kxwo
gagi'ux
;
pt itka pcba Ifxllx gala'xux.

x
Aga Aga
kxwo'pt Twi gala'xux; wi kxwo'pt

i'wi
mwa
gagigE'lga itka'pcba.
gagagE'lksl
wa'mw'
a-ik!i L-
xeugwax
ya'lqpa.
GacaxElqxfLx agagi'lak.
Aga
kxwo'pt
galixgu'itq.
20
Aga
q!u'm
kxwo'pt imnux."
daLxoa'b
gali'kim
"Na'qx'
itlu'ktix
imnu'qutck,
Aga kxwo'pt
galu'xax
cgam.
Itkla'lamat
gatcigE'lg' icki', gatcia'xe'wi gatcto'x gatctigEldi'ba-ix itkla'la;
mat
itkla'munak.
KXU'L
E'wi
gatcie'lux
icki' 'ngi gatca'gslg' agagi'lak. 25 gatcu'lada itkla'lamatba. Aga kxwo'pt gayagE'ltaqlq aga-
icki'.
Aga kxwo'pt
ma'sa
gi'lak
gali'xox
qlu'mba
gagi'ux
iguna't.
Aga
ia't-
kxwo'pt gayu'y'
qdix gayu'ya,
igu'nat
aga ya'-ima.
Aga
kxwo'pt
ia'xi
aga gayu'ya.
gayu'la-it
gayu'la-it.
;
Aga kxwo'ba
p!a'la
luwan
qxa'uad
ite'lx,
30 qa'ntcipt aga ya'lqdix
Aga
kxwo'pt gatccx-
59
came out from her came out of her.

There
he
built
(?)
belly.
In this
way
five little
little
(wolves)
(wolves).
Then
a
fire,
he
killed
the
fire
he put them. Thus did Salmon. And then they two went on he took with him the woman, his father's wife. This woman was
there in the
;
the
Dove truly it was her husband Salmon who had been killed. The Dove is always wailing " U' a'." Whenever
;
:
the
the
salmon comes, they
kill
him
at
Wishram, and then
Dove
cries.
Straight on he went with her, straightway he came with her to some water. And then they got hold of a
canoe and seated themselves
in
it.
Then he
said to her
"Now
said:
I'll
sleep,
I'll
"Now
while you alone will paddle." Salmon lie down to sleep, while you, woman, will
paddle
two
gan
The lay down to sleep. And then she belong drifted about on the water. to feel ticklish in her feet. Then she looked and
alone."
And
then he
found a maggot on her

fully at
feet.
And
then she looked careall
him, and saw maggots crawling about
over his
body.
The woman
then
cried,
and he awoke.
"It
is
not good that you have awakened me you have disturbed me in my sleep." Then he got hold of the paddle, took it away from her. He
And
he
said:
transformed
rocks
the
rocks
and hollowed out the rocks
the
had a hole bored into them. He wedged the He paddle under her and took hold of the woman. moved it and threw her off with the paddle into the rocks. Then he abandoned the woman he had been disgraced So then Salmon because she disturbed him in his sleep. went on all alone. Long he went, and far away he went.
;
Now, there he remained quietly I know not how many Now, then he heard two years, how long he remained.
;
6o
"IminiEla'mak na'qx' itlu'kti. A'nadtcmo'q icqle'yoqt: max amElu'ktan atgu'xwa. Na nExfu'xwan kxwo'dau I'nadmax iqxu't. Kxwo'dau a'nadmax wo'qti atgu'xwa."
;
Qe'dau gatciu'lxam Gatciu^xam qxu's."
nadmax
cxi'tcx,
Naîma ansgE^ga ismaxima Na'qxi pu amsgE lga. A La ktix gatccxtcmo^ qe^dau atgsu'xwa ha'-ai."
:
"
Aga
di/xi.
"
cxslplaâwulal.
Qucti'axa icka lax cda'xdau.
Aga
10
kxwo'pt gatccu'lxam
îlal?"
u
:
OE'nEgi
mtxu'lal
Dan
wi'tla
Kla'ya
qs'nEgi
wi't!a
gacgiu'lxam.
gacxElp!a'lawulalEmtck;
galixacgpû'itcatk.
Aga Aga
:
wi
t!a
da'ukwa
mdi'xitcx?
gacki'm.
Aga
gatcculxam
1
"Da'naska
u
Na it!a
x
mtgE'nLxam."
7
r
Wi'tla kla'ya qE'nEgi
gacki'm.
nEgi
Cpa q
tslu'm cki xax.
Wi t!a
gatccu'lxam
QE -
dan imtxE'lkîlal ?" Wi'tla k!a'ya qE'nfî gacki'm. x 15 Aga wi t!a da'ukwa gacxElpIalawulakmtck. Wit!a gatc" culxam Qs'nEgi dan imtxE'lkîlal ?" Aga kxwo'pt
:
gacgiu^xam:
"Hgoaîlx
nintklg^tka."
20
"Qa^ba nimtklgftga itgoa'Aga kxw6 pt gatccu'lxam " lilx?" Yalqdi'x nintklgftga." Aga kxwo'pt gacgiu'lxam "Qs'iiEgiba nimtWgi'tga ?" Aga kxwo'pt gatcculxam Gacgiu'lxam: "K'a'ya! itk'alamatba nintklgi'tga." Aga
: :
kxwo'pt gatccu'lxam:
tci
"
8
"Dan
8
iaka'xtau ilgoa'lilx, ilqagi'lak

-
"Hqagi'lak." Gacgiu'lxam: ?" Qa'ntcix ni'mtklqxEmit Aga kxwo'pt gacgiu'lxam 25 "Da'uax aklmi'n nigaxa'lxum wi'tlax a'-ixt aklmi'n ak!un
(^ci'tix nintklgi'tga."
a'watci
itka'la tci
?"
Aga kxwo'pt
nixki'xwait
"Luwa'n
ga'nuid nilkcgi'tka
ilgoa'lilx."
MtgE'nLxam
is
for
mtgE'ntlxam.
6i
old
to
people
side.
(talking
each
distributer,
and not good.

I
"You are a bad other): Let us two put a cheek on
each
myself think
to each side.
And
there should be also an eye let us put half a vulva on each side."
"
: !
I shall Thus did the one say to the other Oh, well The other one said to him take both eyes for myself."
:
"You should
divide them,
-
not take both to yourself. two must - one to each." Four times did he hear the
We
two thus argue and talk to each other. As it turned out, those two were ravens. And then he said to them: "What are you talking
about ?
said
What
nothing
are you speaking of to each other ?" They Now they still kept talking at all to him.
to each other,
and he listened to them. Now they spoke And once more he said to them "Well, again as before. me about? Tell too !" other to each what are you talking Again they said nothing at all. They were arguing exAgain he said to them: "What are you tellingcitedly. each other?" Again they said nothing at all. And then Again again they kept talking to each other as before. other?" each "What are you telling he said to them: " We two have found a person." And then they said to him
: :
"Where did you find the perthem: " Far away (from here) we him son ?" They answered "In what way found him." And then he said to them: did you come to get him?" They replied to him: "No! we 'found him among some rocks." Then he said to them "What is that same person, a woman or a man?" They
Then he
said to
said to him:
"How long is it since you "A woman." "Let this have seen her?" And then they said to him: exhausted (and add) yet one present moon have become it since) we have found moon and a half, (so long is And then he thought: "Perhaps they have really her."
-
found
'a
person."
62
"A'lEma ka'dux amdu'ya, amtklukcta'ma." "QEngiska' Aga kxwo'pt gatccu'lxam S gamdu'yEm?'' Aga kxwo'pt E'X gatci'ux iago'mEnilpa ikxa'" lal. QE'ngi gamtxu'lal gamAga kxwo'pt gatccu'lxam duÊm ?" Aga kxwo'pt gatcxtcmo'q aga gacxixnfma. Aga x kxw^/pt gactilgaVulx igu cax. galiAga kxwo'pt ikxa'lal r ciâkwit. kxwo nuit wflx pt qxatgi' q!oa p gacti-ila'Aga x x kwit ia xka S E'X gatcci/x igu nat icka lax.
Aga kxwo'pt
gatccu'lxam
10 gE lkElba.
7
Aga kxwo^t gacgi/naxLx; gacgu^ctam qa'xba gacgaAga gactu ya. Na^wit luwa'n qa uadix' gactu qxui. Aga kxwo'pt gacti/yam w^tla. Aga gacx^klwa' wi t!a itqîa'mt. Aga gacgiu^xam "La/xt ilgoaîlx qloa^
x 7 r x
:
ag'
p'
Gatccu'lxam ah/mEqt' aga luLlElxt." "Qs'nEgi amtklu'xwa r" Kxwo'pt gali'kim fxat: "Kla'la p' ant:
15 kltxa
."
Aga kxwo'pt
gatcci^lxam
x
"Akla'lamat ayamt-
kxaîmaya."
Au
x
gacgi ux.
Aga kxwo^t kE L gatcackxa'-ima mang

klam
20 ima.
mat.
x
gacgu'xix
itsakla^ts.
itctaîq.
Aga kxwo^t
;
Gacgugwoît
gacgi/-
da k gatca cxux. Aga mang itcaga^l gatcackxa x x x x Aga wi'tla gacku kl; ag' ackxa'-imat p!a l' ak!a la-
Wi t!a
x
gacgi/klam
gacxiluxtaâkwotcgix.
t!a
Wi
t!ax da'k gatca'cxux.
Wi
da'ukwa
Wi'tla
la'ktix.
mix
wi t!ax
gatcackxa'-ima.
LagwE'nEgacgugo'mida-ulx,
gacguktca'nEmx, gacga'-ilukJam.
25
Aga
gi'lak."
gatccu'lxam
"
:
Aga
na'ikabam' amtkJni'dama
:
ilqa-
Aga
kxwo'pt
gacgiulxam
"Kla'ya!"
Aga
63
Then he
said to
them
you'll go and look for her." how have you been going
"To-morrow you two And he asked them

:
will
go,
"Well,
his heart
:
all
it
along?"
Then
in
he wished
for a wind,
and
arose.
"How have you
been managing to
And he asked them go all along?" And
then he heard them as they showed him (how they manflew to the but then the wind struck aged). up They sky,
and then almost immediately they came them near striking down against the ground. (But) he, Salmon, endowed the two ravens with magic power. And then they looked for her they went to look for her where they had seen her. Now they went on. Straight
against
; ;
on
(they
went,
night.
and)
know
then
not
how many
times they
slept
over
And
they arrived (there) again.
Then they turned back home towards the house. They said to him: "There is a person who is near to dying and is thinned out." He said to them: "What could do with her?" Then one of them said: "We might you
carry
"I
her
on our backs."
And
then
he said to them
shall lay
down
a stone on you."
They
said "Yes" to
him.
And
then they interlocked their wings, and he put
down
on them a rather small (stone). They flew off with it and came back with it and he loosened it off from them.
;
Then he put a somewhat

again
they
carried
it
with
And larger (stone) on them. and the stone rested them,
Again they came back with it, swaying side to side. Again he loosened off the (stone) from them. Again (they did) as before, four The fifth time also he put a (stone) on times in all.
quietly on them. their bodies from
Again they and them, brought
them.
flew
it
up with it, carried back to him.

:
it
about with
" Now for my sake you will them And then they answered me the woman." go and get
Then he
said
to
64
kxwo'pt gatccu'lxam Qe'dau gatccu'lxam

igu'nat
tcu'xt.
"Amtkhigwa'lEmama bama
icka'lax
igu'nat.
na'ika."
Qucti'axa ya'xtau
;
tqle'x aga ya'xka gatcaxi'ma agagi'lak 7 x a gacxu'x. aqa'midam' "Ag'x ag-agi lak," gacAga / 5 giu'lxam. Aga kxwo^t gactu y3., gacgugwaÊmam. Na 4-
a'xtau
na wit gactaûqxom. K!wa c galaxa'cxux x galaxlu'xwait "Ag' x ickfnuwoq." Aga kxwo^t gacgu l/ xam "Na/qxi k!wa c amxu'xwa; iqEmtga lEmam.''
wit
gactu ya
"Qxaâmt amtgEn^Ha.?" gakci/lxam. gakcu x. "Indacta^xiamt aqEmu'kla." 10 Aga kxwo'pt gacgu'lxam "QEÊg' amtgEni/xwa ?" Gacgakcu^xam Aga kxwo^t " gu^xam Ag' amxantkxaîmaya indagiko^ba." Aga kxw6 pt a-ikwa'l: gacgu 7 xix itcda'piq kxwoâ naxackxa^ ima itctapi qba. Aga kxwo^t gakcgE^ga.
: : :
A -u
7
15
Aga kxwo^t gah/ya gack^ki Na^wit gack^klam itq^ba. Na wit gacgax^ma. Kl^ya dan itcana^xat ag'
;
uLJE^xt gacgi/klEm.
x
x x
Aga kxwo^t gatdgE^g' igu nad ilaka tc!a. Aga kxw6 pt wa x gatda kux ilka^cla. GWE'DEmix- wa x gatda kux. Aga kxw6 pt s^q gatcalxaMagwa.
7 x
x r
11
20
Hga'nalxat galaqlE'lba; sa q it!u kt' itca^q. Axka xdau itca x xliu atkli/ntkhm igu r nat a'gikal. "Mda^tla," gatcci/lxam, "dsmi^nua imda'xx r 7 liu icka lax Cma'nix amtxu qe dau amtxu^wa mda^tla.
.
Ag' 7
u
at!u kti
x
gala'xux
sa q u
x
xwa 'Ka k
x
ka'k,'
x
25 icka lax, da ngi qxa'tgi.'
alugwagi'ma idE^xam, 'Dang' icgigElksl " Qe'dau iqxa'nutck.
Very high
pitch.
65
him:
Then he said to them: "You will go to Thus did Salmon speak to the two get her for me." that Salmon it was who had laid down In truth ravens. now he wanted her. Then they consented. that woman "Now we shall go and get you the woman," they said
"No!"
;
to him.
And
then they went, went to get her.
Straight
on they went and straightway they came to her. was afraid of them and thought: "Now they have
me."
She
killed
But then
they said to her:

for you.
"Do
not be afraid;
we have come
She consented to their proposal. "Whither will you And then they said to take me?" she asked of them.
her:
to
"We
"
:
shall carry
you
to our chief."
Then she
said
them
What
then
will
you do with
me
(so as to carry me)?"
They answered
back."
there
her:
"You
will
And
on
their
they neatly wings she lay down.
lay yourself down on our interlocked their wings;
So then they took
hold of her.
went on, the two bearing her along. into the Straight on (they went and) brought her home She had no hair house. Straightway they put her down.
then
And
they
and they brought her home lean. And then Salmon took some oil. Then he poured the oil out over her. Five times he poured it out over her and she came
(left)
at all
to completely.
was beautiful all over. Her hair grew out from her and her body was beautiful in every way. The name of that same woman was Dove, Salmon's wife. "As for you two," he said to the two (ravens), "your name Whenthus shall you be. (shall be) for all time Raven
Now
she
ever you shall cry "ka'k ka'k," people two ravens have seen something, no doubt.'
will
"
say:
'The
tale.
Thus the
II.
66
3.
COYOTE AND ANTELOPE.
Aga kxwo'pt galixE'ltcmaq isk!u'idE'lxam. Quctia'xa ickla'lkal gaqIfiyE ya'xiba uxwo'qt cu'klam. Aga kxwo'pt galu'ya isklu'lEyE ya'qxoq kxwo'dau
Gayu'ya
isklu'lEyE.
icpu'xyatin icya'xan ctmo'kct. Galu'ya Itsinmo^stikc la -itc 7 x x 5 ick.'alkaliamt galxE'lxaq. Gah^yam. Ixa d ia xleu Sipa
;
glatsin ia
ixa
xan isklu'lsyE x isklu'lEyE ia xan

x
ixa'd ia xleu Sipa'ksalguts ik!u n' r 7 iklu^' ixa d ia'xleu Sapa

;
gwinan
Sapaâ
tk u tgwax
x
akl^n'
a'-ixad
Stwa'winLxt lEyE axk!E skax r 7 r 10 ctmo^ct icpu xyatin icya xan itctaba-icxrial cta xta.
;
aya xan isklu'kxwo'dau itsaqlwalasup

itca xleu
'
aga
ick!a lkalba;
x
galkcudaîtam
x
icklalkal.
r
Gatu'yam galki^gikEl lgabla d idE^xam. Kxwo ba cki xax r x kxwo'dau ida uapdauap ctmokct ist!aq!wa lasup. ila lik
x
Aga kxw6
r
pt
gaqcilut icklalkal Sapaâlatsin ixôûnk.

r
15 Hia kcEnba gatccgE lga.

kal.
7
Aga kxwo^t
;
gatcci/damit
;
ickla'lr
taq.
Aga gacgiVa ag' ida'uapdauap kxw6 pt gacgigE^ga gactrkdaqxwom. Aga

GackcrxckEm
r
x
ilaîk k!m'
gacti k7
Gacgi
waq.
ickla'lkal.
Aga
witla
Lu gu gackcu'x icklaâl.
Sapa^salguts.
ida
x x
Wi
t!a
gackciût
ic-
20 ilie'kcEnba;
klalkal.
cti'ktaq
;
gatccgE'lga
wit!a
Gatccuâmit
r
Aga
galicgE'ltaql.
Wi t!a gatccuda'mit ick!a lkal. Aga wi t!a gacgwinan. x r x ti 25 ktaq GacgiVaq Lq!6 p gacti'ktaqxom gacgigE lga. x Wi r t!a gackcriut Sapaga'tk^gwax. Aga gacgi ux i^tuk. x x wi t!a gatccuda'mit. Aga wi t!a gacti'ktaq ila'lik k!ma
x
r
, ; ;
gacgi^x iaga'qstaq. r
uapdauap ilaêk. GaGactrktaqxom. Gacgi waq; Lq!6 p r r Aga wit.'ax gaqci lut icklalkal Sapa
gacgiVa
ida'uapdaup.
ia'tuk.
Aga
Gacgi'waq; Lq!6 p gacgi'ux x Stwa'winLx isk!u lEyE aya'xan waîq gaqc^lut

Gacgigs'lga.
3.
COYOTE AND ANTELOPE.
Coyote went on. yonder people were
Now
then
Coyote heard that way

together.
In
gathered
truth
they
came
So then Coyote's children and They seven went for the Antelope's two sons went. They shinny-ball, went to where people were assembled. The name of one of Coyote's sons was arrived (there). (another) one's name was Big-Backbone anBig-Gristle
to get a shinny-ball.
; ;
other one
one's
of Coyotes sons (was named) Big-Fin; another name was Big- Adipose-Fin there was one other,
;
a daughter of Coyote and the youngest, whose name was And there were Head-Fat she was a good runner.
Antelope's two sons
those two were clumsy ones. Now they went where the shinny-ball was they had come in order to run away with it. They arrived and
;
saw many people. There were Rabbit and Fox, both of them fast runners. And then the shinny-ball was given He took it in his hand and to Big-Gristle, the oldest.. Then Rabbit and Fox purran away with the shinny-ball. And then they seized him sued him and gained on him. overtaken him. had They killed him and took the they
,
shinny-ball
away from him.

;
Again they brought the shinny-ball back again. hands one's it in the Big-Backbone got (next) they put He ran away with the shinny-ball and again hold of it.
Now
Fox and Rabbit pursued him. They ran after him and he ran away from them. They overtook him and killed
him, cutting off his head.
Now
this
was given to Big-Fin. ball and again the two ran

seized him.
He
also ran
time the shinny-ball away with the shinny-
after him,
overtook him, and
They
(ball)
it
killed him, cutting his neck.
Next they
he
also ran
after him.
gave
the
to
Big- Adipose- Fin.
Now
away with
and again Rabbit and Fox ran
68
tfga'kcEnba.
Aga
kxwo'pt gakcuda'mit
ickla'lkal.
Aga
;
kxwo'pt gacta'ktaq. Aga kxwo'pt galacgE'ltaql. Gacgu'a Lq!6'p gacgi'axux itca'tuk. Gacgu'aq; gacga'gElga.
Sa'q
5 hi'dina
x
gabda'-it isklu'lsyE ia'qxoq IgwE'nEmikc sa'q gaqx k!a ya galkcgE^ga ickla'lkal. Aga kxwo'pt cta'xta
;
11
icpu xyatin icyaân gaqccli^t ick!a lkal cta xta itcta kcEnba. x x Kxwo'pt gacxE lEktcu ki'nua gackcgE lga. Aga kxwo'pt
;
di^xa." Aga kxwo'pt "Ag' aqcwa gwa x x ba aqcwa gwa mang âxi." ga^krm "Ag' aqc^kla yaxta 10 Aga kxwo'pt gaqcu^J mang Taxi. Aga kxwo^t xa p x "Da uya x ilia kwo pt galu'gwakim dagapga p galx6 Aga
galugwa'kim
:
ag' inigE lga, itgilx."
quctâxa gackcuda'mit icpuxia'tin icya'xan ick!a lx kal gackcudaît. Qucti axa cda'xtau, ictla'mimEn. Aga x 15 kxwo^t gackci/kl icpu'xiatin icyaân. Aga kxwo'pt k!a y a
Aga
Gackcu kct gackcgE^kEl ida'uapdauap. r ckcu'kh ickla'lkal. Aga itpc/gomax icda bagal ag' ia'tqdix cxElla'dnil icklalkal. A-itcxa'p gacxi'luxix lacgwu'lxt; r x ctu'it ckcu kh. ila'l^k k!ma ida uapdauap ie'Lqdix ag'
gackcu'a
ila'lik
; ; ;
20
Icta'xtax
ctu'xt.
isklu'lEyE kxwo'dau icpu'xyatin Aga kxwo'pt gacglu'ma

:
itqî'ba p!a la
Do
yax
ka
nin
dal
qxiLq
t!a
la
pas
ya
qxoq;
wi't!a
saq
niql
di
:
na.
"
Aga kxwo'pt
gacglu'ma
Do'yaxka nintca'cqxiLq
69
They
the
seized
(ball)
him and killed him, cutting his neck. Now was put into the hand of Head-Fat, Coyote's
maiden.
daughter,
shinny-ball.
Then
she ran away with the the two ran after her and she ran away
then
her.
And
from
them.
They pursued her and caught

;
They
killed her, cutting off her neck.
been
then
All the five children of Coyote had died they had all killed and had not held on to the shinny-ball. Now
those two sons of Antelope were given the shinnyThen they ball, (it was put) into the hands of those two. in did not succeed dropped it; they holding on to the
(ball).
And
then
the
people
said:
said:
"Now
they
they
will
be
killed here."
Then they
will
"Now
little
will
be brought
right there; they
be killed a
farther on."
And
:
became dark,
Then the fog then they were brought a little farther on. And then they (all) said all misty dark.
"Now
here I've caught him,

in fact
hit
him!"
;
Now
ran
away
a
Antelope's two sons ran away with it they with the shinny-ball. Truly that (ball) was
realm.
worth
chieftain's
Now
then
the two
sons of
Antelope took it along with them, but Rabbit and Fox did not pursue them. They looked at them and saw them now far off taking the shinny-ball along with them.
they climb up to two summits of the mountains and Rabbit and keep throwing the shinny-ball between them.
Now
Fox gave up
had the Those
(ball)
(following)
they had
now gone
far off
and
with them.
-
were Coyote and Antelope two the then Now (sons of sitting quietly in the house. "Far away we two have left the Antelope) sang out:
two
people
Coyote; killed were they all." And then they "Far away have we left the two sons sang out again: And then they sang of Antelope; slain were the two." " out again All were they killed, the children of Coyote
children of
:
;o
icpuxya'tin
wi't!a
icya'xan
sa'q
u
1
niqcl'dwoq."
Aga
kxwo'pt
;
gacglu'ma:
u
"Sa'q
niqldi'na itlala'pas
yaxka
"Sa'q
ninda^qxiLq."
Aga
x
kxwo'pt
;
ya'qxoq do'wi'tla gacglu'ma:

:
do'yaxka nintca'niqcl'dwoq icpuxya'tin icya'xan x 5 cqxiLq." 1 t!a wi "Do^yaxka gacgl^ma Aga kxwo^t
ninda^qxiLq
It.'ala'pas
r
ya qxoq
sa'q
niqldfna."
x
Na wit
aklalamat
x
gactu ya.
itcaâtf gatchd'nx' aklaâmatpa; a-isd^x gatclaÊmunxa.
Aga kxwo^t icqxi'ba. Aga Aga kxwo^t

r
isk!u lEyE
gatcaîma
kxwo'pt ilkirixamat
Kxwo'ba
yaxa ya x
x
10 gayu txuit isklu'lEyE.

icpi/xyatin ixa^mat
x x
;
galixlu'itcatk
cixgla
gwax
ici'axan icpu^yatin.
x
Aga
;
kxw6 pt gali^luma icpi/xyatin ya'xan gwE'nEmix. Aga kxw6 pt gayugi'luktcu isklu'lEyE daga mui nu'it gay'umaqt
;
15
aklalamatpa gayakxa'-imaxit Aga kxwo'pt gacdula'dapgEx-id icklalkal.

;
sa q u galilga'xit ilkinxamat.
Aga kxwo^t Aga

kxwo'pt
7
galixlE'tck icpu'xyatin
gayu
Ja-it.
Aga
tcEktcE
r
kxwo'pt capca'p galkcu'x
ickla'lkal.
11
sa'q
ita'lqpa
galcxs'lux.
x
inaJx isklu'lEyE yu'mEqtpa.
kxwo'pt galxi Gahte'nahc ia'gitcpa kxwo'dau
Aga
20 idia'mLluxiba kxwo'dau
idia qxuitba.
Aga
isklu'lfiyE
yo
mEqt
a
ixi'mat.
Aga
QE
x
ng' alxu'xwa?"
"
:
kxwo'pt galki'm icpu'xyatin icya'xan: Aga kxwo'pt galu'pa. Aga kxwo'pt

"
galki'm
Qa'xb' alxu'ya ?"
Aga kxwo'pt
galki'm
Al-
xu ya
'guca'xba."
25 'guca'xba."
"Na/qxi p' alxu'ya galki'm: x a fxat: "Alxu'ya wa'Kxwo'pt ga gali'kim

x
x
Wi t!a
tcktib' itga'qpuks,
qxa dagatci na'qx' atcElgE'lga isklu'lEyE." x r kxw6 pt galu'ya wa tcktib' itga qpuks icpu'xyatin Aga icya'xan. Gaiu'ya galo'qxui lu'nix. Aga kxwo'pt gal;
gi'witx'it.
30
Gatcilxa'dagwa
gali'kim
:
isklu'lEyE;
galixgc/itk.
"Qxwotxala' yalqdi'x inogo'ptit."

i'wi i'wi
1
Aga Aga
kxwo'pt
kxwo'pt
gatdu'wa;
galixalludE'lkEmtck ilaqx'a'tba. Kxwo'pt

Same
tune.
far
away we two have

out:
"Slain
left
them."
And
then again they

far
sang
out
:
were the two sons of Antelope;
away have we left them." And then again they sang " Far away we two have left the children of Coyote
;
killed
were they
on
all."
(meanwhile) Coyote had laid .down a big stone in the doorway. And then he stuck in spits about the stone, stuck them circlewise near it. There Coyote stood. And then he listened while
sons.
Straight
the
two went.
Now
lay down Antelope knew about his two Then one of Antelope's sons sang out five times. Coyote fell down senseless and died straightway he fell
he,
Antelope,
And the spits pierced him. then suddenly the shinny-ball was thrown into the house. Then Antelope arose and seated himself.
over on the
stone
and
all
then they chipped up the shinny-ball into little and rubbed it all over their bodies. Then they pieces wiped themselves on Coyote where he lay dead; they wiped themselves against his nose and against his ears and against his legs. Now Coyote is lying dead. And
And
"What shall we Antelope and his two sons said: "Where do?" Then they went out of the house and said " shall we go ?" Let us go to the And then they said
then
: :
"We should sky;" (but) on second thoughts they said: not go to the sky." So then one of them said: "Let us go on the tops of the grass so that Coyote may not find us." So then Antelope and his two sons went on
the
tops
of the
grass.
On
they went and passed three
then they went to sleep. "I've Coyote came to and awoke. And then he said: Then he started to pursue slept altogether too long."
nights.
And
them and looked
all
Then he thought:
around to follow them by their tracks. "How, where have they gone?" He
72
galixlu'xwa-it,
"qa'xba
fu'it?"
Na'qxi gatcu'ca'-iwatk!acka
guiga
iLa'qxat.
Aga kxwo'pt
kxwo'pt
gayu'ya
gatchi'a.
Aga
gayu'ya isklu'lEyE.
Gayuya'2.
Aga kxwo'pt ihcqo'ba gayu'ya-, gatdo'qxEmct iltcqoa'. Aga kxwo'pt I'wi gali'xox. Aga kxwo'pt gatclgE'lkEl ilgoaîlx iltcqoâ. Aga kxwo'pt galixwo'xit k.'wa^ gali'xox. Aga kxwo^t galixlu'xwa-it "AJginua^wa ilgoalilx." Aga kxwo^t dakda'k gatctu x
Aga kxwo'pt
galilxa'ca.
:
idiaâmatcx
gatcu'gwiga
:
XU LXUL gatctu'x iagitcxu^pa.

ilgoa'lilx."
10 Agalixlu^wa-it
Aga kxw6
"Anlwa'gwa r
x i
pt
wi gali x6x;
x
iltcqo'ba
ilgoalilx.
Aga
u u kxwo'pt itLa'maq gatctlflux s6 q soq idiaga'matcx. Aga 7 r a kxw6 pt galixlu'xwa-it Lku n aga ilu'mEqt." Gayu'ya;
:
Pla'la hi'xt ilgoalilx. gatslskllu'tk ilgoalilx. x Galixlu'xwar-it 15 wi'tla gatci gElga iklaâmat.
Aga kxwo'pt "Aga ik!a

x x
lamat anili'lagwa
isklu'lEyE
;
'iaq!a qctaqba.
Afu'mEqta."
Gayu ya
7 -
gatci'gElga
x
ikla'lamat.
x
Aga
kxwo'pt
x
gatcili
lagwa.
Aga kxwo'pt gatdgE

ilgoaîlx
"
:
ltcim
i^kla'lamat.
Gatdu'-
kctEm
20 xwa-it
QE
:
luÊqt. Aga kxw6 pt galixlu^ ?" dau nEgi qe Kxwo'pt gatssugi'tsxaba isia;
k!a ya
x
gi'kân.
Gatssulxam
"Qfi'nEgi qe'dau?"
Aga kxwo^t
gatsulxam "Aga mtxa'nitkîtck." a Aga kxwo'pt gacgiu'lxam Ag' aqcxa'mElukfi'tckwa. Nilu'ya imrqxoq isklu'lEyE, nilu'ya ickla'lkaliamt JgwE'nEx 25 mike kxwo'dau icpu'xyatin icya'xan (n)ictu ya cta'xta
:
ctmo'kct.
ima
Cta'niqldi'na imi^qxoq isk!u lEyE. icpu'xyatin icya'xan nickcu'kl ickla'lkal. Aga kxwo'pt
Kxwoâ
Oe'dau nicxtnicglu'ma, 'Isklu'kyE imi'qxoq niqfdi'na.' / u ki'm icpu'xâtin icya'xan. Aga nicdi'mam itq te ba. laxa
30 ma'ya nimdE'muqt;
sa'q
u
ilkii'lxamat
nilmi'tgat imi'lqpa.
Aga kxwo'pt
kal.
ickla'lkal
nicdi'mam.
Aga
kxwo'pt sa'q
nihi'ya
nilcxi'tx icpu'xyatin
icia'xan.
Lku'p Lku'p nilkctxa'
ickla'l,
Aga kxwo'pt
tci'ktcik nilcxi'tx.
Aga kxwo'pt
nilki'm,
lux-lu'x- nilgE'mtx la'-itcka.
Aga kxwo'pt
"Oa'xb'
73
could not find their tracks, so he went and pursued them any direction at random. And then on Coyote went.
to
in
went and went (until) he became thirsty. So he went the water and drank of the water. Then he looked and He of a in the water. closely caught sight person was scared off and was afraid. Then he thought: "The
is
He
person
going to
kill
;
and got hold of them Now he thought: "I
So he loosened he pulled them out of

me."
shall slay the person."
his
arrows
his quiver.
And
at
then
the water.
he looked closely; the person was (still) in Then he shot every single one of his arrows
him and thought: "Perhaps he has died now." He went and looked at the person the person was there And then again he took a stone. He just as before. " Now I shall throw the stone at his head. He thought will die." Coyote went and got a stone and then threw it at him. He struck him with several stones. He went
;
:
to look at the person
then
his
he
"
thought
faeces
And he was by no means dead. How is this ?" Then he defecated

,
two
and asked them
"
:
How
two
five
is
this
?"
He
said to
them:
"Now
tell
me."
And
Your
then they said to him:

children,
;
"We
the
shall tell you.
Coyote,
did
go,
went
for the
shinny-ball
also
There your And of Antelope alone took the shinny-ball with them. then they cried out, 'Coyote, your children have been
;
Antelope's two sons did go, those two. the two sons children, Coyote, were killed
killed.'
Thus
said the two sons of Antelope.

at
Now they
house, but you died all the spits Now then the shinny-ball remained stuck in your body. came, and Antelope and his two sons put it all over themselves. broke the shinny-ball up into small pieces
arrived
home
the
They
and then rubbed
it
over themselves.
And
then they went
74
alxu'ya?"
Aga
kxwo'pt ntfu'ya wa'tdttiba itgaqle'liqpukc. kxwo'pt ya'xtau ma'ika ihni'pul isklu'lEyE l'wi gam-
Aga
xa'txulal."
Gali'kim
5
isklu'lEyE:
"Aga
ga'nuit
?"
da'ukwa
nil^ya."
qxuct.
Qa'xba ntfu'ya icpu'xyatin id'axan
"Fwad
Aga
gayu'ya. Gatcu'guiga idiagaâtcx. Gayuya'2 7 Wi x t!a wl'gwa gayu'ya; wi x t!a gayuya wa'pul. r Wir t!a wa'pul gatdu a isklulEyE icpu'xyatin icyaân. x wa'pul gayu'ya. Galuya/2 g-wa'p wi'maL Ag-a kxwo pt
tcxa'p
kxwo^t
10 gaige'witx-it.
Aga
kxwo'pt gatdgElkfil
:
Ige'witEm
itpo
qxuxba.
mtsliôn
GatclgE'lkEl aga ka'dux.
gatdHagwa.
;
GatdgE'lga ilge'ninua "Kla/ya mcta'mx amxu'xwa-, im^xleu icpu'x-yatin amxt^xwa."
Gatdu^xam
15
kxwo'pt galxwo^ck cpu'q cpu^. Aga k!a'ya cEmax ilaqxk!E iMqpa. Aga kxwo^t gatdu'lxam "Kla/ya Nax ika isk!u lEyE. Ag' alugwapu mcta'mx amcxu'wa. gi'ma qe'dau idfilxam, 'Aga da'ula-itcka isk!ulEyE Vx
x
:
Aga
Nadida'nuit itka'naximct gatch/x icpu'xyatin icya'xan.' r aluxwa xa; ma^tlax icpu'xyatin. Alugwagi'ma, 'Dauya 20 icpu'xyatin Vx gatd'ux isklu'lEyE." Gali'kim isklu'lEyE
5
:
"Iguna't icta'mx, itka'naximct aluxwa'xa.
itclfnon
icta'mx,
r
i
kxwo'dau
idE'lxam
Na'ika isklulEyE kla'ya ncta'mx."
Gwa'b wi'maf qe'dau galxu'x

yatin ida'xan xat.'Enaîwab'
1
nad wrmal
isklu'lEyE icpu'x-
il
4.
THE ADVENTURES OF EAGLE AND

kxwo'pt galgwuÊm
HIS
FOUR BROTHERS. S
itclfnon
25
Aga
1
wa
lxaiu
kxwo'dau
Now
:
Goldendale Valley, Klickitat Co., Wash.

of a non-Chinookan tribe
105.
cf.
For a very similar myth
Farrand and Kahnplaces of Eagle,
weiler
Traditions of the Quinault Indians^ pp. 102
The
75
they
stretched
you.
They
on
said,
'Where
tops
shall
we
go?'
And Now
then
that
they went
is
the
very
of
the
grass.
your own
all
"
:
reflection,
Coyote, that you have

so,
been looking at
along."
Coyote
Where
went."
Just certainly did Antelope and his two sons go?"

!
said
Why
of
course.
"Yonder they
And
and
all
then he went on and took his arrows.

(also)
;
He
went
went,
over
night
all
night he went.
Again day he went again all night Coyote pursued He Antelope and his two sons. Again all night he went. went and went and crossed the river. Now then they were
sleeping.
tains.
And he caught sight of them sleeping in the mounHe saw them in early morning. He got some dust,
at
:
threw
"You shall be no chief. them, and said to them You are an animal and your name shall be Antelope." And then they started to run away, all gray (now).
it
They were no longer

Coyote.
of golden hue in their bodies.
then he said to them:
And
thus
his
"You should be no chiefs. 'Now these shall people say,

-
Now lam
Antelope and
Coyote did magically transform.' The Indians shall be chiefs (some of them), but you are Antelope. They will say: 'This Antelope did "Salmon is a Coyote change by magic.'" Coyote said: chief, Eagle is a chief, and (some) people also shall be chiefs. I am Across the river did they do Coyote, I am no chief."
thus -
two sons
on the other side of the river (did thus do) Coyote, 1 Antelope, and his two sons, in the valley of xatlsna'uwa.
4.
THE ADVENTURES
S OF EAGLE AND HIS FOUR BROTHERS.
Now
Eagle and Bluejay and Beaver
they
three
Sparrow Hawk, and Chicken Hawk are in the Quinault myth taken by "Bluejay's Bluejay and Beaver are characchief," Landotter, and "another man" respectively.
ters in
both myths.
76
i*i'c ic
kxwo'dau iga'nuk kxwo'dau iqxaqxi'nua.

na'2wit
gaklu'kl.
fa'-itc
hi'nikc
kxwo'dau ga'yaloqstk
;
Aga kxwo'pt gaklu'kf iltcqo'ba Aga kxwo'pt gatciu'lxam itdfnon iga'r

;
"Ag' itcqxE'mEm itE'kcEn aga Lq!6 b itx' ili'paq." 5 Aga kxwo'pt 7 gayu'ya iga nuk gatci'uqc dadakda'k gahcu'x iJia'kxatc iga nuk galalimalxi'x'it ifta'kxatc.
x
; ; ;
nuk:
Aga
wi
x
t!a
iklu'na ya xta
gaya
x
loqstk.
Wit!' a
ga gatc-
lcEnq!wa Jg'naba
10
iflfpaq
x
idiaxwoxwolagodit.
gadalimalxi'x'it iftcqo'ba Wi x t!ax itclfnon gatclcEnqiwa^g'naba.

;
wi
t!a
Wi
t!a
r
Llla'p
gatgi a
idiaxoxwolagodit.
Wi't.'a
r
ya xta
Ag' e wa wflxpa Akni'm galxrmax'itEm quct fe/gla-itix* galxigriaxidix'. itclfnon ilioîxwikc. Walxa'iu gafgwu'LEm gaklu^l qu ctia
iqxaqxe nua
gatcfcEnqlwa^gunaba.
;
ikn^m
15
Aga kxw6
xwo'lagodit
x
pt
galklgE^kEl
x
ilgagHak.
7
x
Da xtau
x
iiaxwo;
kanauwa dob' uxwa'xt kxwob' iJgagilak lu xt kxwob' uxwa xt. Quctia xa wa^xai' a xtau gaklu kJ. Aga kxwo pt galgi'ulxam i^c^c: "Aga tgalman idE lxaxaxw6 lagodit.'' Gatcrulxam itclfnon "Ag'
kxwo'dau
ita'kxatc
x r /
/
:
20 amdugwalmama itkxwo^wolagodit kxwo'dau ili akxatc iga'nuk." Aga kxwo pt gayifya i^Vic. Gatcu'lxam agax
gflak
"Ag' int^tga^mam qxeVulx."

:
Aga
x
kxwo'pt ga:
gfulxam
.'
"Kl^ya Aga kxwo^t ada^milxoqtcqwaâ."
mna'wulx.
Qxe dau
amEnLxa'ma
25
Aga
kxwo'pt
;
gaklu'kf;
x
galu
t.
y'
itqîa'mt.
Kanauwa
ilgwE'nEmikc
gaklE'lquim
filx
gaktu^l
na^wit
itko'qlba.
ithcE'lEtn gaktllu
Qucti'axa
Aga kxwo^t na'mEnmox ilgoa'Quctie nax

r
alalxus.
k!a'y'
GaWu'lxam
auna'-ix.
"Iduna'yax."
wa
l-
xus,
Aga kxwo'pt
galxEÊktcu
iWu'du
77
and Sparrow
Hawk and
Chicken
Hawk
speared a
seal.
dragged them along over the water, dragged them on and on with it. Then Eagle said to Beaver "Now my hands are sick, so do you cut off the rope." So then Beaver went and bit at the (rope). Beaver's teeth all came loose, and his teeth fell over into the water. And next another one, that Sparrow Hawk (went) and
then
it
:
And
again he took hold of the rope with his claws; this time also his claws fell overboard into the water. Next Eagle
took hold of
water.
it
with his claws
also his claws sank under
Next that Sparrow Hawk took hold of it with his Now by that time they had been thrown on to claws. land and come ashore. Truly Eagle and his younger brothers had been on board a canoe. They had speared a seal and it had dragged them along with it, (as) in truth they were in a canoe. And then they saw a woman. Those claws of theirs and their teeth were all gathered here where the woman As it turned out, that dwelt, there they were gathered. woman was the seal that had dragged them along with "Now go and And then they said to Bluejay her.
;
:
"Now you will Eagle said to him: go and get my claws and Beaver's teeth." So then Blue"I have now come jay went and said to the woman:
get
our
claws."
for
the
(claws
"I
and
teeth),
niece."
And
then she said
to him:
me O And
;
:
not your niece. you speak to wife / and in that case I shall return them to you." then she took them with her and they went toshall
am
Thus
All five of them she took with her wards the house. And then she gave them to straight on into her house. In truth it was all pereat and put food before them. sons' eye-balls. She said to them: "They are huckleberries."
In
fact
they
were
eye-balls, not huckleberries.

in
And
then
they
sank down tubes
themselves through
ilok u cxa'tpa
na'wit
fxoa'b wilx.
Aga kxwo'pt
itlxlE'm
; ;
galalxE'lE-
mux
wa'lxus.
wi'tlax
Aga
5 qu'ctiax'
x
gaklE'lquim
wi'tlax
gakLlu'd
qucti'ax'
Bqu'mxum.
Aga
r
gahtE'lEmux
na'wit
Gakh/lxam ila^xurnxum. x "Daîdax idYnExt." 1 Qucti axa la^xlax gaWu'x.

tfgoa'lilx
:
galgE'lba x agagi lak
Quctfaxa
x
qxe dau axlu xwan

iJio^xikc."
11
"Anh/dina da
:
uJa-itc
ilkaûkc itclfnon
"Qxuct anlud^naya." Aga wi t!ax r dixt }!. kxwo gakh/kt Ttq pt gagillu^ iqtcaât qucti ax' Ag~a r r 7 xa u10 ilkcE n, ilgoalilx ila kcEn ilm^mEluct. Agâ kxwo'pt r xau galxu x ng
x
1
Axlu^wan
Aga kxw6
cu'ya
15
dixt
;
tt
pt
gakluHxam:
Qucti'axa
Wi t!ax
ta
xyax da
r
b'
am-
i'tqî."
idme'mEluctikc
itga'qlutcu
;
qxuxigrixal
kxwo'ba gakluî
Aga kxw6
x
dagabga'p
mEluctikc.
11
itx^li't; qucti'axa itq!ii

x
pt gah/pga tcu tca^wigaloq idme';
Aga
r x
kxwo'pt gatclgE lga

x
lio^xikc
x x
itcli'non
kxwo L kxwoL idiapfqxba kxwo^t I'wi gatctu x idia'piq

sa/q
r
;
gali xElux ifto^xikc.

r
Aga
dalaula u gafxu x itio^xikc

:
itdfnon.
Qucti ax'
axlu'xwan agagHak
"AnLudi naya;
itq
u-
20 alxla'-ida itclfnon ilio'uxikc." Aga kxwo pt galxi'la-it r liâ dagapga p itxMli't idm^mEloctikc itga'qlutcu
,
ga-
gaqfulxam ika la Aga kxwo'pt "Ag' ilxlaMt; r r daud' it^dli't da k amdu'xwa." kxwo'pt qe dau aga Aga gayuxugumaîlx, qucti^xa i^tli'lili. Aga kxwo^t lu^! x r w 25 gatctu x itxMli't; y6k cxa tpa gadilustsu. Aga sa'q lu'qx
qxi/xikilx.
:
11
gatctu'x
tc!f non
;
ix u t!nili
u it? dli't.
P!a 2la
Ixe'la-itix
ilio'uxikc
i-
saq
iltluxiaûimax.
This
is
'wild potato") to which dried
an Indian stew made of two roots (advvo'q "wild carrot" and amu'mal fish was sometimes added.
79
their
mouths reaching down straight to the ground. So then they (pretended to) eat the eye-balls. The she gave them to eat again and put food before
In
it
truth it was brains. And again they ate it went straight through them truly a person's The woman said to them brains. "This is an 'idY1 in fact but she nExt' was deceiving them. Truly stew," "I shall kill these men, Eagle and his thus she thinks: "Indeed I shall kill younger brothers." She thinks: And again she took them along with her to a them."
them.
and
then she gave them a comb And they comin fact a hand, a dead person's hand. bed themselves with the hand.
certain (other) house.
And
And
then she said to them
"
:
Again
to that
one house
yonder you shall go." In truth (where) dead men's bones were being burned up as fuel, there she brought them. And then they went inside the house. The smoke (went up) all murky truly dead men's bones were smouldering.
;
then Eagle took his younger brothers and completeThen ly sheltered his younger brothers under his wings. brothers he turned to look at his wings Eagle's younger
,
And
In truth the woman covered up out of sight. a thinks: l shall kill them. Eagle and his younger brothers will die." So then they stayed in the house (while) the smoke (went up) all. murky; dead men's bones were
were
all
being burned as
fuel.
And
then a
man was
told
"Now
So then they have died, so you will remove this smoke." 3 - in he moved forward while sitting down in this manner He swallowed the smoke and it slid truth he was Ixî'lili 3
.
had swallowed all the smoke. Eagle and his younger brothers were sitting perheroes. fectly unharmed; they were all brave
down
into his
mouth.
Now
I$
t!i'lili
2
3
This
Indicated by appropriate movement. is some species of bird, but my interpreter was unable to identify
it.
8o
Aga
wi'tla
itku'lal
kxwo'pt
pla'la
;
kla'ya gahi'mEqt.
di'xt
ll
Aga
kxwo'pt
itq gaqhilxa'mam gahi'ya Gakli'lqwim kxwo'dau idona'yax kxwo'dau gakfi'lqwim it 8 i'nxt.

li.
Queti'ax' ithdE'm.
xikc.
axtau
gakli'lqwim
agu'sgus; gakLlu't
it^tlu'kt'
Aga kxwo'pt galxlxlE'mtck Aga kxwo^t gaqlulxaâm "Ilu'gum' amcxmam.' cga'ma iqxEmctlxa Aga kxwo^t gairkim itclfnon "A -! qwo'tk' alEm' ancxcga'm' aga na'qxi ncgûkEl ih/:
itlu'ktix itclfnon iiio'u-
guma, ag' aÊma qwotk' anci/ya."
10
Aga kxwo^t
galu ya
galu'yam.
Kxw6 pt
x
a ga galxr -
cka'm ilu'guma itc.'inon ilio'uxikc. Ictlo'xuyal iqxaqe'nua gaya'loqstk cdax kaâctmokct kxwo'dau iga'nuk idk!a
;
15
munak iatxElE'm. Ihslfnon ialxlEm iqxaqe'nua ka nauwe dan klwa'c tci'uxt ka'nawe dan tciudi nax ixeâx. Wi't.'ax daukw' itclfnon, k^nauwe dan idiahteVulx itclf-,
non plala pu atcigElgaâ iqwa'qwa ia 7 xan. Da'uya wi gwa x x r aga ga nuit 7k!wa c tci uxt itdfnon kxwo'dau iqwa'qwa. Kxwo'dau ya xta s ic s i'c ila'-uxix cmanix aÊma algi^gwa
r
;
ih/gumaba akma
20 la'mEqsqit wa'lalma.
kxwo'pt
;
iaxt'
atctudi'naya idE'lxam iata;
atctualEm'atciugwitci^na idE^xam r u Qucti axa sa q iMxeVulxumax Ja'-imadikc fa'-
a'mEni
x
itcka txa'-uxikc.
kxwo'pt galuxwa'ckam ilu'gumaba. Qucti axa yax x x ila lik xulal yaâcgEnil ilu'guma kxw6 dau ik!asti la ya'-
Aga
25 xacgEnit ih^guma.
Qucti axa galxcka^ iJu'guma laîtcka.

r
kxwo'pt gatcigE lga itu'guma iklastiâ kxwoMau ila'lik r Ouctâxa icia gatci gElga iluûma icia'gitc galilda'-ulx. r gitcpa iki xax iluûma. kxwo'pt L!U gatci'ux itclinon
Aga
Aga
ilalik;
naVit daLlaxLla'x gacxu x
icia'gitc ilaîk;
r
nigElga'ba
x
30 iciagitcia'mt.
sti'la
,
Aga kxwo
x
pt gatcigE lga
iJuûma ya xta
ik!ax
Aga'
Llu'ya gali x6x. Aga kxwo'pt galiglalamtck ik!asti la. witlax L!U' gaqi'ux ikla'stila; daLpaqLpa'q idia'kcEn
8i
And (they sat) unharmed they had not died. then again people came to tell them and they went to a certain (other) house. A woman gave them to eat nuts
;
So then
and
huckleberries, In truth she stew.
a 8 gave them to eat id i'nxt" who gave them to eat was the Squirrel, and she gave them good food. And then Eagle and his And then people came to younger brothers ate well. tell them: "You will gamble at bones; we have come
and
she
to
tell
you."
gamble.
still
Then Eagle said: "Well, yes, we shall Although we do not know how to play bones,
we
shall go."
So then they went and arrived (there). And then Eagle and his younger brothers gambled at bones. Sparrow Hawk and Chicken Hawk, both of them are brave heroes
,
also Beaver,
who
eats sticks.
Sparrow
Hawk
kills
is
an eater
of
birds
he strikes fear into everything,

it.
everything
is
and eats
Thus
;
is
also
Eagle, and Eagle
strong
above
son.
everybody
And
in
fact
he could easily seize a grizzly-bear's nowadays Eagle makes even a grizzlytheir
bear afraid.
they
Also that Bluejay,

in
younger brother,
if
should win
people with his with it and to chase them around.

;
bones, then that one was to kill the he was to strike the people battle-ax
Truly they were

In truth Rabbit
all
alone, the brothers. strong, they So then they gambled at bones.

all
was
a player, a gambler at bones-, also Crab was a gambler Now In truth they (all) gambled at bones. at bones. then Crab took hold of gambling bones, and Rabbit took hold of gambling bones and they were forced up into his
nostrils
gambling bones were really in his nostrils. And then Eagle guessed Rabbit; straightway did Rabbit's nostrils tear open and the (bones) flew out of his nostrils. And then that Crab took hold of the gambling bones and started in to avenge (Rabbit). And then Crab sang.
;
the
II.
82
galu'xwax galigE'lgab' ihi'guma; idia'kcEn LE'XLEX galu'u xwax. mtgiu'qumit yalpa'lSa'q gatci'lgalq ikla'stila
;
Kxwo'pt gayu'ya iltcqo'yamt ik!a'stila dEme'nua Da'uya wi'gwa ihcqo'ba gwa'nisim ikla'stila. gayu'ya. L!U' 5 Qe'dau gateaux itdfnon.
umit.
;
kxw6
gatctuMina
x
pt galkilk iluûmaba. Aga kxwo^t i^cYc idE'lxam galkilkpEt gatci'ugwitcim yataâ-,
Aga wi t!ax mEqsgit ya xdau da^' iki xax iaâ qctaqba. "Amcu'xa aqla^gilxal itlago^lalxam." gaqlulxa'mam r 10 kxw6 pt galu ya aqla'lgilxalia'mt galxaûtkam gaAga qxa'llux aqte/lgilxal qucti axa n^mEn itklaâmat aîEni.
:
Aga kxw6 pt
11
gaâlupqa aqlalgilxal
x
axfa/lt
gi^walix
kwo
dau sa^ itklaâmat aÊni aki'xax. Galxi'la-it gi^walix. Aga kxwo'pt gwE nEm' itklaâmat gaqta xpu.
x
15
Aga kxwo'pt gal^kim

"QEnEgi mcxl^xwan
iga'nuk
:
itcl^non,
ilxla'-it."
gatcli/lxam ilio^xikc:
ag'
Aga
r
kxwo'pt galiîm
"Na'ika
nka
la
kwa
;
-ic
iltcqo'a'mlgE'lgEla."
;
Aga
aga
kxwo'pt
wi'tlax
w^tlax gasixm^Lgwa gasixm^Lgwa aga r wi t!ax gasixmiYgwa aga gasixmi^gwa. Aga

;
20 kxwo'pt ihcqoa galxu'x
wf Ixpa.
miYgwa gwE'nEmix
la-it
;
ila'la
Aga kxwo'pt wi t!a gasixgaliôx. Aga kxwo'ba gatxe'-
galxqwo't ihcqo'ba.
25
Aga kxwo'pt galklgE'lga gwE'nEm' tfkla'lamat iâkla'itsax. Aga kxwo'pt gafgûtada iklaâmat ihcq6 ba aga kxwo'pt Ipu^ galimalx^x-it ik.'aâmat. Aga kxwo^t gax
;
lu'gwakim idE^xam
"Igwa^lilx i^c^c
aga Iku p igfxox

7
iagoÊnit i^Vic;" LaÊnix idE^xam gali/gwakim. Aga 7 7 wit'! ik!u na galgiklaMa ihcqoâ. Aga wit!a Ipu^ gax
qfltcmoq.
Aga
;
wit!'
iklu'na i'xt galgûlada ikla'lamat;

x
30 \û2 gaqfltcmoq
aga
hi'n.
Aga
wit!' ik.'i/na ik!a
lamat
83
Crab was guessed and his hands were all cracked-, the gambling bones flew out and his hands suffered big Crab was burned all over, and you can see that tears. he is red. Then Crab went to the water, went to stay there for all time. Nowadays Crab is always in the water. In this manner did Eagle guess him. And so they won at gambling bones, and Bluejay killed Whenever they won he struck the people the people. with his battle-ax, which is here on his head. Now people "You strangers will go to the again came to tell them And then they went towards the sweat-house sweat-house." and came to put themselves into it. The sweat-house had been built for them, in truth, entirely out of stones. So then they went inside of the sweat-house. It was heated down below and it was made entirely out of stones. They stayed down below and then the (sweat-house) was covered
Also
:
with five stones.
And then Eagle spoke and said to his younger brothers "What do you think? Now we have died." Then BeaAnd "I anV a man-, soon you shall see water." ver said:
:
somersault; and again he turned a somersault and again he turned a somersault and again Now then some water had come he turned a somersault.
then
he
turned
;
to
be on the ground.
five times
in
all
;
And
sault,
then again he turned a somerSo there a lake had come to be.

in
they stayed and bathed themselves
the water.
And then they took five small stones. Then they threw a stone into the water and the stone fell in with a splash
:
then the people said: "Poor, poor Bluejay! Now Bluejay's heart has burst." (Thus) said the people outside. And again they threw another (stone) into the
"Ipu2."
And
water,
and again
it
was heard splashing:

;
"Jpu2."
Then
was heard splashagain they threw one other stone in it Now three (had been thrown in). And "Ipu2." ing
:
84
iltcqo'ba;
galgiula'da
aga
wi'tla
lpu'2 gaqi'ltcmoq.
Ha-
gwE'nEma
galgia'limalx iltcqo'ba lpu'2.

"
Ag' i'umEqt itdinon." Galu'gwaAga galu'gwakim kim idE'lxam": "Aga sa'q iMa'-it la'-itcka itclfnon ilio'uxikc. Aga sa'q Ikuplku'p igu'xwax ilagwo'mEnilmax.'? Aga kxwo'pt da k gaqtu x tklalamat da'xput aqlalgilxal.
:
11
11
Wi'tla da'k gaqi'ux ikla'lamat wi'tla da'k gaqiu'x; wi t!a da'k gaqi'ux. wi'tla da'k gaqi'ux ifalakt ilagwE'nEma
; ;
Aga
kxwo'pt iVi'c gayulait icqxi'ba

Sa'q
u
x
10 lamqsgit.
Lla'k
gwE'nEma.
idE'lxam. wit!' i i c Aga ic; gatctudi'na gayugwo'b' x K!a kanauwa" ya galu'pa galagE%a aqta'lgilxal. kxwo'pt
;
Aga 8 8
r
gatcigElga yata'gaqu'x aqxa'budit iklalamat ifawit!a yu'xt i'icYc icqxi'ba. Aga kxwo'pt
;
galu'mEqt.
15
Aga'
wit!a
kxwo'pt gaqlulxa'mam
1
x
"IqxEmcLxa'mam
"A i; antcu'y' alEma," gaa'lEm' alxcga'ma waqflukck." li'kim itclfnon. Aga kxwo'pt galu'ya. Aga kxwo'pt gatclu'lxam
itcli'non
:
ilio'uxikc
"Can
aÊm'
amtxu'xwa!"
Gali'kim iga'nuk
20 itclfnon.
Aga Aga
Aga
kxwo'pt
"A'u," gali'kim itkla'munakiamt. kxwo'pt gayu'ya iga'nuk x itk!a munak qu'LquL gadi'xElux iawa'nba
"Na'ika
anxu'xwa."
kxwo'pt galixa'-ima gasixE'ltsgi iski'ntxoa. x r Aga ya'xta iga'nuk gasixE ltsgi gasxE ltsgi kanactmo'kct k!m' a'g' iski'ntxoa. Aga kxwo'pt ya'x gaqigE'lga iga'nuk 25 icka'n na'mEn ilkla'lamat frnqlwe'yayut yatcfnba. Aga
iga'nuk.
;
kxwo'pt gaqiulatla'-ulx icka'n ilkla'lamat linqlwe'yayut yatsla'imtsla-imba. Aga kxwo'pt galigEluktcuo'mom iawa'nba
iga'nuk xi'maxitam icka'n.
icka'n.
la^xi gatssu'bEna icka'n

PIa'21'
ixi'mat
gwa'p gwop galix Kla'ya gayu iga'nuk.

,
30 mEqt
galixlE'tck.
Aga
xE'ltski.
Aga
used
to
kxwo'pt
refer
yaxt' iski'ntxoa galixa'-ima, gasir iku'ma ilkla'lamat }inq!we yayut

;
idiatsla'-imtsla-imba
'
gaqiulata'-ulx
to
galigE'lsktcu
test physical
iku'ma
power or
term
any
contest
designed to
again they threw another stone into the water, and again it was heard splashing: "}pu2." The fifth (stone) they
r threw down into the water with a splash: "Ipu2. And they said: "Now Eagle has died." The people
younger brothers, have all died. Now all their hearts have burst." And then they took off the stones which were covering the sweathouse. Again they took off a stone again they took one off; again they took off the fourth again they took
said:
"Now
they,
Eagle and
his
Bluejay had seated himself in the doorway and had taken his battle-ax in hand. (With) the fifth stone the door was entirely uncovered, and still was
off the
fifth.
Now
And then Bluejay rushed Bluejay sitting in the doorway. out and again killed the people. Then they all went out of the sweat-house. They were not dead at all. And
come
"Yes,
" have then again people came to tell them '" to tell you that we should all gamble at 'waqi'lukck.
:
We
we
shall go," said Eagle.
So then they went and
Eagle do it?"
said
"Yes," said Eagle. And then Beaver went to the woods; and Beaver stuck Now then the sticks on to himself all over his belly.
younger brothers: Beaver said: "I shall do it." to

his
"Who
-
of you will
And that Beaver Black Bear lay down, lay with belly up. Black Bear lay and Beaver lay down with belly up; both down with belly up. And then a cedar tree was taken
Then the cedar, with pebbles all clinging to its butt end. was its the pebbles clinging to roots, slung up into the The cedar came falling down on Beavers' belly. air.
bounded the cedar; the cedar fell down broken to splinters. Beaver was lying quite unharmed. He was Now that Black Bear lay not dead at all, and arose.
Far
off
down, lay with belly up.

with
And
its
then a cottonwood tree
pebbles
clinging to
that stood the
roots
was slung up
into the
endurance.
The one
most pain won the game.
86
iski'ntxoa.
S
E'X
;
gatci'ux
itdi'non,
idialxe'wulx
gatcdi'lux
itdi'non
iku'ma
ia'wan-,
Igwo'p
yagwa'lapik gali'xox tslu'nusmax gatssu'bEna

7
iku'ma.
ia'fq
Lgw&'()
iskin'txoa.
7
Gayu'mEqt
iski'ntxoa.
Galki'Jk itdi'non ilio^xikc.
Aga
5 wit!a kxwo'pt gatctu dina i'iVic idElxam.
Aga wi t!a gaqlulxa'mam "IqxEmcLxa'mam amcktugwa^mama wa liq itgaqlutsu^xlEm itktuklwa^tsax." Aga

:
kxw6
10
pt
galu ya
na 2wit galu ya.
Galgi'gElkEl qucti^xa
x
dEnu'x
7
tcûx itclfnon
e
iqxwo^xwomax gwEÊma. Aga kxwo^t ^x gaiqxwo^xwomax giuk!wa itsax galiôx. Pla'la

e
gatcigE lga i i'c x itclfnon ia xta

itcka
ic
iqxwo'qxwo iak!a
x
its.
GatcigE'lga p!aT
i'xt.
Kanauw^ gwEÊma
u
x
galgigE^ga
;
fa'~
a^t
7
fxt.
Aga kxw6
itq
{i
pt galgi^kl itqîa'mt
galgiu'gali-
klam.
Na^wit
itq
ba
r
galgixiâ.
15 xp;lga yu
u li x ba
:
iqxwo^xwomax.
Aga kxwo'pt Aga kxw6 pt

7
galu:
"Da n bam' imcgi'Luk ?" Gaqh/lxam gwaki'm idE'lxam x 7 a Imcgi^kam w^tla kxw6 ba qa xb' imcgi'gElga." Aga a kxw6 pt gal^kim itclfnon Mca^ka mcxatxuâl amcgi'La."
x
:
wi't!a galgi'ukl; Aga kxw6 pt galgigE^ga iqxo^xomax 7 20 wi'tla galgiîtkam. Aga kxw6 pt wi'tla galu'yam. xAga r wi t!a iYc^c kxwo'pt gatctudi'n' idE'lxam. Aga wi t!ax
;
galki'lk Ja'-itcka.
Aga
25
kxwo'pt
wi'tla
"
gaqlulxa'mam
iltcqo'ba."
:
Wi
t!ax
alxcga'ma
alxmu'ya
ili'paq
hikli't
Aga
kxwo'pt
gatclu'l-
xam
itcli'non
itio'uxikc
i
"Can amcxu'xa
ili'paqba?"
Aga
s e "Na'ika anxu'xa nka'la." kxwo'pt gali'kim i'c ic: Qucti'axa agu'sgus axtau ili'paq algucgi'wogwox. Aga kxwo'pt s s i'axta i i'c ic kxwo'ba gacxu'x ili'paqba ka'nactmokct agu's-
87
and the cottonwood tree fell down on Black Bear. Eagle had exercised his magic influence upon it, Eagle had put strength into the cottonwood tree, and the cottonwood became heavy. (Black Bear's) belly burst into pieces and the body of Black Bear bounded off in fragBlack Bear was dead. Eagle and his younger ments. brothers won, and then Bluejay again killed the people. " And again people came to tell them We have come to tell you that you should go and get a maiden's tiny So then they went, straight on they went. little dogs." saw what They proved indeed to be five grizzly bears.
air
:
And
then
Eagle
exercised
his
magic
power upon the
so that they became quite small. Bluejay took hold of a small grizzly bear. quietly Eagle quietly All five of them took hold took hold of that (other) one.
grizzly bears,
of the (grizzly bears), each one taking one (grizzly bear). And then they took them with them towards the house
and came home with them. Straightway they put them down in the house, and then the grizzly bears started in
fighting
in
the house
among
themselves.
And
then the
"For what reason have you brought them ?" They were told: "Go and put them back again in that And then Eagle said place in which you got them." "You people were saying, 'Bring them.'" And then they took hold of the grizzly bears, took them back again,
people said:
:
and went to put them down again. Then they arrived back again and Bluejay again killed the people. So they
had won once more.
And
across
then
again
people
came
to tell
them:
"Let us
gamble again.
brothers
"
:
We
the water."
shall wrestle on a rope stretched out And then Eagle said to his younger
And of you will wrestle on the rope ?" "I shall do it, I am a man." then Bluejay said: Truly that was Squirrel who was going backwards and forwards
Who
gus.
Aga
;
kxwo'pt
tk!l'
qsgit K'tiKgi. uxwe'la-iti$
gatcugwi'lx i'i'c'ic agu'sgus iatala'mIdK'lxam Galu'maqt agu'sgus galuxu'ni.

;
qcuxt
su'xwitk.
Aga kxwo'pt
gaqxa'-
gnlkid uxu'nit u'mqt agu'sgus.

qucti'axa x wi t!a
gatcwcVq.
Aga
Aga kxwcVpt x ididxam. na gatctudi
Qucti'axa gatcugwi'lx i'iVic; x galikta ptck i'^cîc.
gaqfulxa'mam itc(t n6n itu/uxikc ih!(Vxyalux " wimax. Aga kxw(Vpt gafki m AM; antcu'ya." Gafu ya. "Alxmu'ya." Aga kxw(Vpt gaqtu lxam Aga kxwcVpt
Aga
wi
t!a
10
"Na'ika itclfnon nda'ika antxmi/ya." gali'kim itdrnon x x anti x'wa a'xtau gacx w mu ya itclfnon. Qucti'ax' Aga r x kxwcVpt gacxgF/lga Lxoa p Lxoap gacku^wix itcta'piqx na
:
wid wflxpa Lxoa'p Lxoa'p gacgdHoxix itcta'piqx. Gacxgidga itcta'kcnn a'mnni Lxoa'p Lxoa'p. Aga kxwcVpt
15
gacdi lw!lxt igu cax.
Aga
alilk u tcw(Vya
"Cmaîx kxwcVpt gatcfu'lxam RicVuxikc itclinon x x 7 na ik' itclq itc!fn6n na wit itatsu'mitpa ittcqoa
:
kxwo'ba
x
lK
b amcgi txa
x
cmani a xka
txhc'ltpa."
x
alilk u tcwcVy
a antfxwa
itcll'non
ia'tcj.
7
itca lq
na'wit
na'wit
amcgi txa
Gayu'licktcu
20
ia'tq
p galgi'ux x xt!ax anti'xwa gayu'licktcu itca^q na wit

; ;
ilatsu'mit ihcqoa' lE
itcllncm
Jxh'/lt
iltcqoa
IK'P gatgi'ux.
la'xta
iVic ihcqoa tchi'gwiptckt aga la'uxlaux isi'axus

x
idElxa
mba aga
yu xt;
25
itq"ii'ba
r
KwcVdau gaâloqstk aga IqoS'b ya'xut. Kwo'dau ia xtax

ilaMtix qi'uxt.
u
x
ia
xta
iqxa-
q5 nua aga' yuxt

yuxt.
r
x
;
itq ii'ba it!u xyal
aga dagapga'b
itkla'munak
isi'axus
dixi'lax.
Kwo'dau iaxtax iga'nuk

ila'lxt
x
ag'
Yaxa yax
itclfnon
cxgF/lgat Lxoa p Lxoa'b
aga gactHwulxt igu'cax. Aga icta'tcj anti'xwa kxwo'dau itcll'non.
89
Bluejay and Squirrel wrestled there on the rope. Bluejay struck Squirrel with his battle-ax The Squirrel died and drifted down stream.
rope.
that
;
on
the
So then both
people were seated while the two had them look on the And then Squirrel was seen drifting (people) looked. down dead. Truly Bluejay had struck her and truly he had killed her. And then Bluejay returned to land and
;
killed the
people again.
again people came to tell Eagle and his younger And then they said: "Yes, brothers, all brave heroes. we shall go." They went and then they were told We
tt
:
And
shall
Eagle and another shall wrestle." Truly that was Buzzard who was wrestAnd then the two took hold of each ling with Eagle. their other, interlocking' Straightway on the ground wings. they interlocked their wings and caught hold of each
wrestle."
Then Eagle
said:
"I
other by clinching each others' daws. went to the sky.
And
then up they
"If my, then Eagle said to his younger brothers shall should fall down, straightway Kagle's, body you dip fall should it there in cold water; if her, Buzzard's, body
:
Now
down,
Eagle's
straightway shall
you put
it
into
warm
water."
body
fell,
body
in
cold water.
and straightway they dipped Eagle's Also her, Buzzard's, body fell, and
it
straightway they dipped
in
warm
water.
That Bluejay
is
come
blinded;
now
carrying water and his eyes have behe has been made a slave. And that
Chicken
Hawk
is sitting in
has burst.
And
the house and one of his eyes that Sparrow Hawk, the hero, is now
;
sitting in the
house
is
And
that Beaver
now he sits now eating
with his eyes bedimmed.

sticks.
But Eagle, their
and (Buzzard) had now mounted up to the sky; now Buzzard and Eagle are holding on to each other by interlocking their bodies. They have reached
elder brother,
9o
Cti'lwilxt
igu'cax
aga
da'-im'
itq!a'tcu icta'fq.
Qe'dau
gacxmu'ya.
Kxwopt
a'ga galiglu'ma
itclf non
^11
1
i-_
tcu'
x w lx,
'
a'g'
na'n-ga
;
gwa' wopl
q!6a'
;
mat.
1 1
Aga
;
wi't!a galiglu'ma itcli'non
5 gatcigi'luma.
Aga
gatciu'pgEna wi't!a daukwa u kxwo'pt gaqi'ltcmaq ga'yaloqstk itq li'-
ba aga Lqoa'b ya'xut.

it.'o'xyal
;
Aga
wi't!a gatcigi'luma gayaxtfa'da

:
ag' ina'ngagwa' woplq!6a'mat." itclfnon. galiglu'ma Aga gaqi'ltcmaq ga'yaloqstk:

yaxila'd'
4
gatciu'lxam itcu'x w
lx,
itclf non
"Oa'xya dox'
itcu'x w !x ga3
Qe'dau
"glfi'l
:
10
glfi'l"
iago'mEnitpa. Aga w "Qa'xya dox' itcu'x lx Iqxaqe'nu' itcu'x^lx, ag' ina'ngagwa'
wi't!a
iqxaqe'nua gaqigi'luma
woplqloa'mat." Aga kxwo'pt galixgu'itk, gatcilxa'dagwa. Wi'tla da'ukwa iqxaqe'nua gali'xox gaqi'ltcmoq "glE'l
:
15
kxwo'pt iklmo'kan gatccu'x ga'yaloqstk kxwo'dau iqxaqe'nua. Aga kxwo'pt qe'dau gacxu'x Lxoa'p Lxoa'b
Aga
u i'tq h\
icta'lxt.
IE'!-|-
Aga Aga
kxwo'pt
gacti'lwilxt igu'cax,
;
gacgi'unaxLam
kxwo'pt gactu'ya
na'2wit
q!oa'b
a'ga gacgi'gElkEl
iguca'xpa.
Aga
kxwo'pt
;
aga gackcu'xam.
20 Kxwo'pt a'ga gacga'gElga Lqlo'p gacgi'axux itca'tuk anti'xwa ga'yaloqstk iqxaqe'nua icio'uxix itc.'inon. Gacgi'ulada itcaxa'qctaq. kxwob' gi'gwal uxwe'Gayugwi'lEktcu
la-itix
idE'lxam.
Na'wit
htte'ltpa.
ittcqo'ba
Ixte'lt
Ifi'p
gaqi'ux
itcaxa'qctaq
25
Kxwopt
1
dakda g gackdfxux itgaxaxwolagodit

is
Probably a mythical name of anti'xwa, buzzard. This is another species of hawk, whose identification
uncertain
it
;
is
des-
cribed as a small
hawk with
sharp wing bone.
sky and their bodies are nothing but bones. Thus did the two wrestle.
up
to
the
have been overcome by Buzzard." And again Eagle cried out and called upon him And then again as before he cried out to him. Sparrow Hawk was heard in the house now one of his
I
; ;
then Eagle cried out: Sparrow Hawk, my brother?
And
"Where now
is
my
brother,
Now
Then again (Eagle) cried out to Gayaeyes was burst. 2 the hero. "Where now xila'da, Eagle said to him:
my brother, Gayaxifa'da, my brother? Now I have been overcome by Buzzard." In this way did Eagle call out. And Chicken Hawk was heard saying " gls'l glET 4 in his heart. Then again Chicken Hawk was called out to
is
:
"Where now
is
my
brother, Chicken
Hawk, my
brother?
have been overcome by Buzzard." awoke and came to himself. Also Chicken 4 before; he was heard saying: "ghi'l glfi'l."
I
Now
And
then he
did as
Hawk
then Sparrow Hawk and Chicken Hawk became and tore thus right through the house. Then the two rose up to the sky and went to look for their elder
And
frenzied
brother.
And then they went on and straightway caught Then they of him as a tiny dark speck in the sky. sight came up close to the two (combatants) and they seized her Sparrow Hawk and Chicken Hawk, the two younger
;
brothers of Eagle, cut off the neck of Buzzard and threw down her head. It fell down there below where the
people were dwelling.

in
Straightway her head was dipped
warm
Then
she
Same
water.
slowly
(for)
3
had
two unloosened her claws from him, pierced through and caught hold of his
the
4
tune.
High
pitch.
92
Na'wit gacgu'xwoqwiq, gaqgigE'lgat Lxoa'b iago'mEnil. da'limalx. Aga kxwo'pt gacgi'ukf wi'tla wflxiamt gac;
gi'gElga
5 kxwo'pt
idia'xoba-,
;
gacgi'uklam
wflxpa.
ilka'tcla
Aga
kxwo'pt
nixElxa'damidagwa gatdgE'lg' wa x x gali'xux. Aga kxw6 r pt

x
itdi'non.
Aga
x
gwEÊmix wa
gal^xux
anti
x
ifka tc!a.
S^q
x
xwa gal^maqt
r
laxa a'x gatcilxa dagwa ia'lq. r na wit-, iaxa -ix itdinon kl^ya gayu'11
mEqt.
Qe dau gacxmi/ya
7
itcliôn
"
kxwoâu
anti
xwa.
r
da minu' anu ya 10 adnxE'lmuxuma." îcYc gakxwob' itkiaûnak fttcq6fha, x x a li'kim Nait!' a ga dika daba 2 'nxi/xwa; ag' alugwagali'kim iga'nuk
: :
Aga kxw6 pt
Na it!a
,
1
'Da'uyax
ia xta
^Vic,
idE^xam,
'aga
:
dika
2
r
ga-
ya'xta gairkim gaâloqstk "Aga na 7 it!a Aga x 'Ia xta anxu xwa itk.^munakba alugwagi'ma, 7 x 7 15 ga yal6qstk tkii la'xta gairkim iqxaqe nua 'ki'xax." r x x x x "Na'itla ca iwatk!ack' anxu xwa, qaxba 2 'nxu xwa; na it!ax
;
1 :
alugwagrma
idE'lxam,
x
'Iqxaqe'nua
iltslfnon atcluwa
gwa
ka nauwe
xyal qaxba' dan dan lu q!w atciu'xwa."

it!6
r
1
Aga ya
20 Ixlfwix
x
xt'
itclfnon gairkim:
"Aga na
it!a
anxu'xwa; k!a2y'
lgEla.
r
x
aqEngE
aqxangElgla'ya, aic qa'ma Yx 7 "Itclfnon igidi Alugwagi'ma idE'lxam,

iu
mam, daûyax
tcixcga^ma
ia
gwat
itc'fnon,
qxadaga^ci itclfnon
;
p' a-
xan iqwo'qwo-, klwa'c tci'uxt. Idiatxe'wulx 7 r witla k!wa c tci'uxt itcla'nk p' atcigE'lga itcifnon; x x 25 wi x t!a ya 7 xka itcifnon aic pu tcqa k tcqak atciuxwa itc!a ng x x x iapla'skwal, asa qsaq p' alaxu xwa. Qe dau p' atciuxwa r '" itcifnon. dau Qe gali'xox iqxa'nutck.
daukwo
Straightway they threw the (claws) down and they And then they carried him back with fell into the water. them to the ground they took hold of him by his arms
heart.
,
and arrived with him on the ground. And then he brought himself to. Eagle took some grease and then poured it Five times he poured the grease over himover himself. self and he recovered entirely. But she, Buzzard, died Thus did Eagle straightway, while Eagle did not die at all. and Buzzard wrestle. And then Beaver said: "For my part I shall go to stay always in the water, and there I shall eat wood."
"Now I for my part shall be here in this Bluejay said: 'This is that Bluejay place, and the people will say, and he did (his deeds) hereabouts.'" And that Sparrow
Hawk
in
said:
"Now
for
my
part will be in this place
woods and they will say, 'That Sparrow Hawk is " "I for my part will That Chicken Hawk said looking on.' As to me the be anywhere at all, all over shall I be.
the
:
people
will
say,
'Chicken
Hawk,
the
hero,
kills
birds
everywhere; everything he swallows.'"
"Now I for my part shall be Eagle said: I shall not be seen in the mountains for ever and ever. at all, only once in a great, great while will any one see here is me. The people will say, 'Eagle has come Eagle flying about, in order that Eagle may take from
And
that
the grizzly bear his son

is
he
fills
fills
him with dread.
Strong
Eagle.
So
also
he
a deer with dread and also
him could Eagle seize. He could just chew at a deer's Thus could Eagle hide and it would become buck-skin. do with it.'" In this way took place the tale.
94
5.
COYOTE'S PEOPLE SING.

Ka'nau-
Kwo'dau
wi
wi'tlax galugwa'lalamtck tcagE'lqftx.

;
dan galigla'lamtck ia'xt.'ax isklu'lsyE galigla'lamtck kxwo'dau isklu'lsyE aya'xan itca'xliu Stwo'winlx wa'liq La'-im' ilka'tda itco k u cxat. galagla'lamtck. galagE'lba 5 "Ami'xan agla'lam." Aga kxwo'pt gaqi'ulxam isklu'lEyE
/
:
Aga
kxwo'pt galiîm
:
Da
iagÊ^px
?"
Aga
kxwo'pt
"Hka^da lagElpx." Aga kxwo'pt galfkim gaqiu'lxam iskiu'lEyE: "ItgageVam alaxu"xwa na^k' akxa^." Aâ kxwo'pt galixElki'tk, ayaklaâmat ngi wa nux iguna d
x
x
10 aya'nux.
Hka'titck gatclalutk
galixElki'tk iskli/lsyE idia-
Aga kxwo^t
"Im^xan
a
x
galiglaâmtck
igla'lam."
:
wit!'
fxat.
Gaqiu'lxam
isk!u lEyE
Da n
iÊ'lpx?"
Ga'lugwakim
"Qxa'daga
l
;
15 irkim
iskluÊyE:
x
gairkim "Kga'wilqt JfgElpx." Gatccud^Lli." Aga kxwo'pt

Ag-a
:
kxwo'pt
k^nauwe dan
galigla'lamtck.
glalamtck itq!wo
kwo dau
Aga kxw6 pt
x
ia
xta gali:
axt' ak!u stxulal
galaglalamtck
"K!a'- la ga
no'-xwax
a'-ca
:
wa-
gi'-xan
ga'-qEn-du
-la'
-pax."
"Aui'g ami'xan, alamxEkkAga kxwo'pt gaqu'lxam tcwa'ya." "Kla'ya! doukw' a'ga Aga kxwo'pt gala'kim
:
20 kla'la
ganu'xwax,
gaqEndu'lapax."
Qucti'ax' aklu'stxulal
itca'xliu akla'lakia.
f a'xtax
a'dwoq a'xta galagla'lamtck. Gala'kim qe'dau > >
"Stai
ma
p!a'
gi
ski
p!i'
ast
stai
ma
J\ /;/!//
\
r
ga
\
-
p!a'
gi
ski
p!i'
ast
J 9
^
(
1
f
root
N
-li
Hi
qnu-la' -pax."
referred
finer
to as "wild potato
1'
and said
to
be similar
to the
amu'mal,
though of a
grade and grain.
95
5.
COYOTE'S PEOPLE SING.

(people)
sang in winter. Everybody sang also that Coyote sang and Coyote's daughter, whose name was Salmon-Head-Fat, a maiden, sang. Nothing And then but grease was flowing out of her mouth.
again
;
And
the
Coyote was told: " What he said

:
"Your daughter
is
is
singing."
Then
told
him:
"Grease
flowing from her ?" is flowing from her."

will
And
then they
Then Coyote
said:
"My daughter
be a medicine-woman.''
And
the
then he smoked
a salmon's stomach.
his pipe
was made out of a stomach,

filled into
Dried salmon-flesh he
(pipe) and Coyote, the medicine-man, smoked. And then yet another one sang. (Coyote) was told "Your son, Coyote, is singing." Then he said: "What is They said: "Blood is flowing flowing out of him?"
:
from
He is merely lying." Now Coyote said Now that Itqlwo'f 1 was then everybody was singing. 2 "On my back singing and that Aklu'stxulal was singing And then I carry my daughter; we two are dug up."
him."
"
:
:
she was told

fall."
"
:
Give
(us)
your daughter, you
will let
her
I
But then she said:
"No!
just in that
way am
are
accustomed to carry her on

up."
my
back
we two
dug
Truly Aklu'stxulal was her name, Akla'lakia.
Now by my
that
tail,
3 A'dwoq was
singing.
tail
Thus she
I
said
"Only
just in
only by
my
am
dug
up."
And
that way would one dig her up to-day; one would not Now that "wild carrot." dig up all, but only half of the Amulal sang, that Aq!61awa-itk, and also that Butter-cup Thus he sang: Bear sang. Now that
sang.
2
Grizzly
root referred to as "wild onion;"

3
it
is
similar to the akla'lakia but smaller
in size.
Known
as "wild carrot."
Aga
sa'q
u
da'ukw'
citi'xka
aqxwo'laba
aqxwo'lab'
aq!6'lawa-itk
pu
da'uya
a'dwoq.
a'xta,
lagla'lamtck,
na'qxi pu a'xta amu'lal Ag' gaakxa'nakwoLk a'xtla
wi'gwa
nagla'lamtck.
5 galigla'lamtck:
Aga
1
ya'xta nigla'lamtck iqwo'qwo.

3
Qe'dau
etc
'
"Ho ho
^^^1 J33
ho'!
:
J^ 7
ho'!"
ho ho ho
1
Can wa-a u iJ"Ha^! Kxwo'pt galiîm iqwo'qwo gnu'x pu klE'ckiEc aniu'xwa ilaqxa'qctaq." Aâ gatctuidElxam "Can iqwo^wo. Aga kxwo'pt galki'm gwflx
:
wa
-au
atgiu'xwa
ik'a'la:
x
10 kla'its
ia'xka
iqwx/qwo?" Kxwo'pt a ga gali'kim iax "Na'ika wa-a u aniu'xwa." Aga kxwo'pt

x
gayu
txuit ika la.
matgi
wa'gw'
Kxwo'pt galiîm ika'la Qxa 'K!Eck!Ec itqxa'qctaôkc.'" aqdulalama,

:
"
Na'ika wa-a'u ia'mux. Kwa l gatciu'lxam x 7 x qanEgi'ntxa! kwal k!E ck!Ec itx' itcqxa qctaq! Kwa l gayar 15 mEldaVilxEmx imiwa'nba. Gami/mEqtx iqwo'qwo kwa lx
Kxwo'pt
"
dix."
Gats^klElutk.
;
Kxw6
pt gatciu^xam
x
"A'wi, nacqi
digu'tcix."
x
:
pu atxwa'gwa
atgalxugwaîmtcga idE'lxam
Wi
8
t!ax galigla'glamtck iâ wulx.
Gali'kim qe dau
"Qa'x - ba
nxad
- li -
ma - lal
wa'
ptctx
it
ga
bul
max
nxa'd
li -
ma - lal wa
pictx"
etc.
Aga
kxwo'pt gali'kim iga'wulx

x
20 tsllxa^gwaya cawala'ptin."
Aga
ifgEnu x anlkxwo'pt gayu'txuit ikala.

"
:
"
Can wa-a'u
Aga kxw6
idElxam.'"
pt
gatciu'lxam
iqla'lalac
aqduâlama,
'Itpfctmax
itga'bulmax,
:
Qaâtgi wa'gwa ganuxwagwoîtx

"
Aâ kxwo'pt gatciu'lxam

cni'txatk,
7 r
Na'ika wa-a'u
ia
kwal Entq Kwaldix daL!' a'nduxwa b ami^xus alaxu'xwa iga'wulx amuÊqta." 25 itgE'kcEn, a-itgo
!
mux. Kwal
u ca x
wi'tlax at!a ntsa galaglalamtck.

1
Qucti'axa ugwa'la-
In loud whisper.
97
"Ho
Bear
:
ho
"
ho
7
!
ho
l
!
ho
ho
ho'!" 1
shall
Then
said
Grizzly
Ha/4
I
Whoever
head
shall
eat up."
And
have challenged me, his Grizzly Bear struck the people.
And
"Who will challenge Grizzly Bear?" then they said: So then a man, small of size, said: "I will challenge And then he arose and the man said: "Somehim."
where it is sung all day long, Eat up heads.'" Then Be "I have challenged you. he said to (Grizzly Bear): eat and to me Be up quick quick and do something and I into shall run head your belly up Quickly my
l
!
!
you,
Grizzly
at
looked
will Bear, quickly said him: then to him;
die."
(Grizzly
Bear)
we should
laugh at
not
kill
each other.
brother, the people will Perhaps
"O younger
us."
Also
shoot
Rattlesnake
then
"Whoever has challenged me, him shall I put cheat-grass into." So then a man stood "Somewhere it up and then he, Raccoon, said to him:
is
my arrows, Rattlesnake said:
"Where Thus he said: sang. And shade." there is the sunflower's

I
sung
I
all
(there)
to him:
shade of the sunflowers, And then he said shall destroy the people.'" Be quick and put the "I have challenged you.
day
long,
'The
(cheat-grass)
shall
all
I
into
warm my
me! Be quick and bite me! Quickly hands and your eye-balls will become
will die."
white.
You, Rattlesnake,
Now
7
also
Crow
sang.
II.
In truth they
were
(all)
singing,
lam qucti'axa Ixlu'xwan

-,
ti'axa
Iki'xax.
ikxa'lal
Aga L!' alixu'xwa'-axdixa." QucQuc(t) tci'c Igi'gElximul da Igiuxu'lalix.

:
"
Ka'nauwi dan galigla'lamtck, a'xk' ag' atla'ntsa galagla'lamtck. Aga kxwc/pt ikxa'lal gayu'ya. Aga
kxwo'pt
r
galu ya
at!a ntsa;
x
gactugwi^ti kxwoâu ikxa'lal. 7 itcaqlaÊnx gagigE^ga.

x
x
Aga kxwo^t Aga kxwo'pt

x
;
10
Cpa q gayu ya ikxa lal nu'it Ixliu galu xwax uxoqleValal. Aga kxwo^t gagigE lga at!a ntsa yaga^l igi/nat. Aga kxwo^t gayaxE'lEmux at!a ntsa. Aga kxwo^t gagagE^kEl atdfqtcliq ia xilax igu'nat at!a ntsa. Aga kxwo'pt gagâxcgam gagiugwoîda-ulx. K Na it!ax w6 pkal !" Aga kxwo^t gala'kim atla^tsa: GagigE^ga; gaga'-ilagwa atla^tsa kxwoâu HgaVulqt
gakdt/mitcki
r
uxoqle^valal.
saq
15 leu.
dala
gala xux. Da'uya wi gwa dalal at!a ntsa itca xr x x laxa a xta atc!fqtc!lq datgu p gala xux itcaxa^ctaq.
l
Da'uya wi gwa
itca'xleu atcli'qtcliq,
datgu'b itcaxa'qctaq.
6.
COYOTE ENSLAVES THE WEST WIND.

x
Gatgi" idElxam, gayi/y' isk!u lEyE. Aga kxwo'pt gar x luxwadi na; ia xtax iskluÊyE gatducgaâgwa, ila'-itix gaux, qucti axa wf npo uxwadi'naxpa gatcigE^ga. KxwoMau x r 20 wi t!ax itkla'ckac gatclucga'magwa, gatclgE lga; qucti ax' x ikxalal ia xtau iskluÊyE tfaMtix gatcl^x. kxwo^t
tci
x r
x x
Aga
p!a la gali/xwax iqxa'dinaxiamt.
gadagla'-it aknim, galuxoklwaû i 7 IsklulEyE i^laMtix gadiglaMt plafl p!al gali xux iatq, qucx 25 ti'axa wf'npu ia xtau. KxwoMau apla'lali 1 gada x gla-it p!a xl x r x p!al itca xleu apla'iali; da'uya wi gwa itsakla'its ak!a daqxi
Aga kxwo'pt
itsa'xleu
aka xtau.
Aga kxwo'pt
gatgi'am.
Aga
fish
kxwo'pt
iela-itix,
gada'gElulx
1
aknfmiamt.
Gaqi'gElga
isklu'lEyE
Said by Pete
Guff to mean "shiner, a small freshwater
of the
minnow
99
" and truly they were thinking Now it will become warm." Truly they were calling the West Wind and
:
trying
feeling cold.
(for) indeed, they were was Everybody singing and now she, Crow, Now then the wind was blowing it rained and sang. And then Crow went out and the West Wind blew. took her fish-bag and then found fish. The wind was blowing hard and the fish were forced clear up to shore. And then Crow caught a big salmon, and then Crow ate it. Then Bald Eagle caught sight of Crow as she was
to
make warm
weather,
And then (Bald Eagle) took it away eating the salmon. from her and flew up away with it. Then Crow said
:
"Let
struck
me have
Crow
with
this
blood.
To
(Bald Eagle) took one and and she became all covered with black it, day she is black and her name is Crow.
fish-gill!"
But that Bald Eagle became white about her head. To this day her name is Bald Eagle she is all white in her head.
;
6.
COYOTE ENSLAVES THE WEST WIND.

went.
The people went and Coyote

fought with
And
then they
one another. That Coyote captured some and made him a slave in truth he had caught a And again he capflea where the (people) were fighting. was the West that tured a child and took him in truth
one
;
Wind, whom
ple)
Coyote made
in
a slave.
And
then the (peo-
And
stopped fighting. then they sat

for
the canoes, and the people start-
ed out
They sat down on Coyote's slave, in truth that (so that) his body became mashed to pieces 1 was the flea. They also sat down on Apla'fali (so that she became) mashed to pieces, she whose name is Apla'fali name. nowadays she is small and Chub is that same one's
home.
;
,
kind."
Both shiner and chub belong
to the
genus Leuciscus.
IOO
pla'i
Aga kxwo'pt galu'gwakim idE'lxam "Da'uyax iskiu'lEyE i^'la-itix." Aga kxwo'pt gatci'uqtck
p!al
ia'fq.
:
itq ii'ba,
kanactmo'kct gatcco'qtck
ici^'la-itix
itq
li
ba; ga-
tciula'-imit.
Aga
aga " xux ia^q. Aga kxwo'pt gali'kim iskluÊyE latcg r x u idE^xam kxw6 Litck pt gayaxaVik igi xux itcilaMtix." Aga x x u kxw6 ka wa pt Ay^mEqta." Aga tcag pul isklu'lEyE: x 10 galiklu^k ila'-itix. Isk!u lEyE dadakda g gali^xwax idi:
kxwo'pt gatcigfilkEl iskluÊyE ieâ-itix x x sa q u li^wulxt isi axus idiamLloîmax, dalaula'u

i
a'q ^.
Galixguîtk iskluÊyE
;
k!ay' i^'la-itix.
Gayu'yam
r
iskli/lEyE
k!ay'
i^â-itix.
Aga
kxwo'pt gatciu naxL

;
is-
yE
sa/qâ galigucgrwalEmtck
na'qxi gatcigE^ga.
15
Aga kxwo^t "

gatsulxam gacgiu^xam
: :
gatsug^tsxaba isio^txix. x Mtxa'nitkîtck da n ia^xtau."
Aga kxwo^t Aga kxwo^t

'Da ukwa
ia^tau."
x
"Ag'
a^ma maâx amgrma,

La xtau
r
nxi Luxwan.'
Na qxi
x
ilkla^kac,
;
ikxalal
Gacgii/lxam
fi'lal
gik lan, gacx^lkîtck gwa^nisim cxilukicio'utxix cta xka. Aga kxwo^t gacgiu'lxam "Cma^
ici^
x
:
20
kxwo^t amxigEltkli'xEma." Aga kxwo^t gacilda'-ulx dagaûi gagiula da a^xat; ak!u na na-ilda ulx iawa nba plala. "AmExtkHÊma itpoGacgiu'lxam qo xba, kxwo b' amigE^gaya ia xtau imila-itix. Cma'nix ihka alta -ida daial wflx alixa txa itpoqo^ba. Aga kxwo pt
x 7 x ;
ni tq!
x amiu'xwa
r
25 amxigitkli'xEma, kwo'b' amigftga
imila'-itix,
alimxa^s^da."
Aga kxwo^t
1
gatcigE'lkEl
all
isk!u lEyE
is
wflx
itpoqo xba.
It
is
not at
clear
what
meant by
this statement.
IOI
E
.
And
then they arrived home and got out of the canoes. Coyote's slave was taken hold of, he whose body was
mashed
one
is
to
pieces.
And
then
the
people said:
"This
house
Coyote's both of his slaves he took into the house
slave."
Then he took him
in into the
and
set
him down.
then
Coyote saw that his older slave was all swollen in his eyes and in his ears and that his body had become all covered over (with swellings). So then Coyote said: "My slave has become sick;" and then Coyote told
And
"He will die." Now then in the middle of the people: the night the slave breathed and Coyote's house became loosened. Coyote awoke his slave was not to be seen.
;
him) his slave was And then Coyote looked for him, went about everywhere, (but) did not find him.
Coyote went not to be seen.
to
(where he had
left
two younger sisters. Do you two tell me what has become to them " Now you And then they said to him of that one." is not a That I think/ did so will 'Just say, yourself
then
And He said
he
defecated
"
out
his
child, that is the
West Wind."
His two faeces spoke (thus)

;
to
him (what to do) always were they two, And then they his younger sisters, wont to tell him. "If you wish to get him, then you must said to him: And then the two jumped up into set a trap for him." him and
told
him-, the
one threw him down senseless,
one jumped up into his belly quietly. "You will set a trap in the mountains and there him: you
will
1
The two
(while) the other said to
When snow will fall, catch that slave of yours. will be the land in the mountains; and then you black a trap for him and there you will catch your will lay he will be caught by your trap." slave saw the land in the mountains and And then
;
Coyote
for
then
set
a trap
him.
He was
caught
in
(Coyote's)
IO2
Galixu'tsk t. kxwo'pt galixigE'ltkllq. ka'dux gayuya itpoqo'xumaxba isklu'lEyE
Aga
Aga
;
kxwo'pt
u gatsiuk ctam.
Aga
5
kla'u iki'xax ili&'pcba. gatcigE'lksl yu'xt

isklu'lEyE,
Aga kxwo'pt
ui u itq lia'mt
11
gatcigE'lga
ia'la-itix.
gatciu'gulaqlq
gatciu'k
Aga
r
wi'tla
da ukwa
x
galfxox
galHwilxt ia iq. irkim iskluÊyE;

x
wi't!a gatcigE'lkEl. Aga a Luwa n ay^mEqta." Wi t!a xaîxix. wi'tla Qe dau la ktix galigE ltaqlx. QucAga nigE^taqlx. ti axa lagwE'nEmix gatcigE^ga ikxa lal iskli/lEyE. Aga
r
ikla^kac^ s^q x Aga wi t!a gax
10 wi^'a nigE'ltaqIx.
Aga
kxwo'pt gacgii/lxam
icio'utxix
"Kla'y' ag' ami-
kxwo'pt ag' igi'mpu nimi'dwoq pu k!ay' gEltaqlx gwa^nisim. ikxa'lal k!ma k!a'y' imi'woq, gwa^nisim ikxa'lal. Cma'ni
gElga'ya iktie'na ikxa'lal ya'xtau.
Aga
Cma'nix
15 pu
alidi'a
'Isklu'lEyE
aga kxwo'pt alugwagi'ma idE'lxam, gatciu'mamEgwa ikxa'lal!' Qe'dau alugwagi'ma

ikxa'lal,
idE'lxam.
Qxa'dagatci gwa'nisim
wflx."
ikxa'lal,
qxa'ntcipt
xam aluxwa'xa da'uyaba
Qe'dau iqxa'nutck.
7.
THE EAST WIND AND THE WEST WIND.

ikxa'lal ika'q (wa'lawala wi'n}. ikxa'lal ilka'tc!a gacxgE'lgabEt.
Gacxmu'ya
20 wa'x gatdu'x
Aga kxwo'pt Aga kxwo'pt
ia'xtau ika'q ika'ba gatciulgwi'amit.

qiula'da.
Aga
;
wi't!a
gacxgE'lga
;
Gaqxiqla'-it ika'q, gagatci'ulada ikxa'lal ikaq.
Aga
wi'tla
gacxgE'lga
aga
wi't!ax ikxa'lal
wa'x gatdu'x
;
ilka'tc!a
gaqiu'lad'
ika'q.
Wi'tla
;
gacxmu'ya
wi'tla ga-
25 qiu'lada ika'q.
Wi'tla gacxmu'ya
wi'tla gaqi'ulada ika'q.
103
trap.
then next morning Coyote went into the went to look for him. Now he saw him sitmountains, is he bound fast at his And then Coyote feet. ting; seized him and recognized him he took his slave with him to the house. And again it happened to the boy
;
Now
as before
his
body swelled
(was).
saw (how) he
he
the
will die."
And
it
again (Coyote) again Coyote said: "Perhaps

up.
all
And
Again
was
In this
way he escaped West Wind for the
night. four times.
And And
again he escaped.
fifth
time.
Truly Coyote caught again he escaped.

:
And
you
" then his two younger sisters said to him Now will not catch that West Wind. This time he has
from you for all time. If you had killed him, there would be no west wind but you did not kill him,
escaped
;
there will always be a west wind. Whenever a west wind will come, then the people will say, 'Coyote made a mistake about the West Wind.' Thus will say the
(so)
So that there will always be a west wind, as people. as people will be in this land." Thus is the tale. long
7.
THE EAST WIND AND THE WEST WIND.

the East
The West Wind and

wrestled
Wind
then
(Wallawalla wind)
the
with
each
other.
And
West Wind
poured out grease when the two took hold of each other. Now then that one, the East Wind, caused ice to be The East Wind was thrown down, he was spread out.
Then the two again took hold of each other; Then the the West Wind threw down the East Wind. Wind West the now two again took hold of each other, the East Wind was thrown again poured out grease
laid
low.
two wrestled with each other, again Again the East Wind was thrown down. Again the two wrestled with each other, again the East Wind was thrown down.
down.
the
Gaqiu'lxam ika'q
"KJa'y' idmtfxe'wulx ika'q.

ikxa'lal
'Gacxmu'ya alugwagi'ma ml'2nua na'ika itkfxe'wulx i'nxux." Galu'gwakim idE'lxam:

idp/lxam,
5
Qe'dau DEika'q.'
DEml'2nua idialxe'wulx ikxa'lal, ika'q k!a'y' Qe dau iqxa'nutck gaqi'ux itqleyo'qtikc. da uya
x
;
idialxe'wulx."
K!a ya can
8.
COYOTE AND
iskluÊys
HIS
DAUGHTER.
aya kikal
:
Aga kxw6 ia qoq. Aga

x
na ika
kxwo'dau 7 kxwo'pt gairkim iskli/lEyE "Aga da ruya kwaic andE'muqta. Cma'nix andEûqta na wit
pt
Ixelaîtix
x
-
1 10 akxa'n atca^cgama itci^lpEt alidiâma, qa dac naika da'wi 7 x r itcE lgulit qe'dau ya^guilit itci6 lpEt naika dawi."
Aga
kxwo^t gay^mEqt
x
isklulsyE.
Aga kxwo^t gaqi'utkam
isk!u lEyE
wflxpa.
x
Aga kxw6
15 xwfluxwa-it
x
:
pt
x
gayu'yam.
isk!u lEyE
x
Aga
ya'xka
r
kxwo'pt na/wid
ika'la."
galux
"Igidfmam
liq
Aga kxwo^t
3
gaqa
-ilut
wa
aya xan
:
iciwa'nic
isk!u lEyE
i'lpEt.
Aga
kxwo'pt
galu'gwakim
;
"la^ma
ika
x
nigixtkrm
r
iskluÊyE, akxa'n.'"
'AndE'muqta
Agaqaîlut
alidi'mam'
la,
amcgaMlud'
agagHak;
ctula -ida, luwa'n
gwE
2o nEmix gactu'qui.'
Aga
di wi
x r
kxwo'pt gal^gwakim
"Qfi'nEgiska!
klman
:
alq-
iskluÊyE." Aga kxwo'pt nimcki'tk amcgiu'kctama."

r x
galu'gwakim
"Q^xba
x r
Aga
kxwo^t
:
gaqiu kctam
7 -
Nixtu'xwa-it isklu'lEyE qa xba gaqi utk. "Aga iqnu guxba 25 laqlq, qa niqxE^tgaba niqnu^ctbama." Nikta/ 'sklu
c interpreter, Peter Guff, explained the term "trading friend" thus: one has a friend in another country (i. e. among another tribe), he comes to see you or you go and see him. Both are glad to meet each other; one gives
1
My
When
105
The East Wind was addressed (by the West Wind) "Thou art not strong, O East Wind! Thus shall the people say, 'The West Wind and the East Wind wrestled with each other.' For all time to come have I become strong." The people said: "The West Wind is strong for all time to come, the East Wind is not strong." Thus is the tale and was made (by) ancient men. Now:
adays there are not such.
8.
COYOTE AND
HIS
DAUGHTER.
Coyote, his wife, and his children were living to" Now I here shall soon And then Coyote said gether.
:
Now
die.
When
1
-
shall
have
died,
straigtway
will
my
'trading
friend',
daughter
looking thus will
exactly like
me,
come and marry my
my
And
then
Coyote died;
'trading friend' look, like me." so then they buried Coyote in
the earth.
then (Coyote) arrived, and straightway the people "He (who) has come is the man (that Coyote thought:
And
spoke
of)."
So
to
then
the
3
maiden,
Coyote's
daughter,
was given
the
And
then
the
stranger, people said:

will
Coyote's
"Coyote
"trading friend." 'I himself said,
shall die.
man
come and you
shall give
him
my
daughter.'"
So the woman was given
to him.
The two
is
lived together, slept together about five nights. And then the people said: "How is this! But he
just like
Coyote!"
And
they said:
"Where you people
have buried him, (there) do you go and look for him." And then they went and looked for him where he had "Now they have recogbeen buried. Coyote thought:
the
other a horse or anything valuble, the other gives something in return.

2
Such
are each other's ie'lpEt.
Cuva'nic: "stranger" in Yakima.
Used regularly
for
Nez
Perc6.
io6
IsyE
nixa'-ima qa'xba iuqi'xtba

isk.'u'lEyE:
galixo'qcit.
Aga kxwo'pt
gali'kim
isklu'lEyE gali'kim: xam itemca'-utxix.

x
"lamcuqlwa^xwa^xt." Aga kxwo'pt "Gwa'nisim qe'dau amcxu'xwa idE'lNaik'

a'ga
x
da'uyax
7
qe'dau
i'nxux
akxa n inu'cgam, inu'xtga da uya wi gwa. 7 7 qe dau aluxwa xa idE'lxam."
Aga gw^nisim
9.
THE
VISIT TO THE
x x
WORLD
OF GHOSTS.
Gali/mEqt aya gikal isk!u lEyE kxwo'dau ctmo^ct iciaân x gactuÊqt. Kxw6 dau ia'xta itclfnon galuÊqt aya gikal kxwo'dau ctmo^ct ici^xan itcliôn gacti^mEqt. Kxwo'pt
x
10 a ga
naik'
gali'kim
isk!u lEyE
x x
isk!u feyE:
"Naqx'
itlt^kti-ix
inxlu'xwan
kxw6
naik'
qxa'damt nictu'ya axgikal Aga r x x " NxE damt itclfnon: pt gatciulxam lqlat qxa nigu ya r x Cma'nix tq!e x muxt atxu ya atgcugwa'lmama ami'gikal.
axgi kal k!ma ma^k' ami'gikal
x
itcxa'n."
k!ma imixa'n kxwo'-
15 dau na'ik' itcxa'n.
NxE'lqlat qa'xba ckiâx."
Aga
itclfnon
;
kxw6
pt
gactu'ya
kaâctmokct
isk.'ii'lEyE
7
k!ma
2wit gacti/ya; gackcu'gwalEmam ictaîkal. 7 x r r K!a ya wflx, sa q u iltcqoa gactu'yam iaga ilba wi'mal.
pt gatcigE^g' 20 kxwo'pt gatciRu'tk idu'du itcli'non.
Na
laMma.
Aga kxw6
a
:
iduMu
itc!inon.
x
Aga
7
Aga kxwo
x
pt gatciu
x
;
!-
xam
isklu'lfiyE
lt!u kti
asEmxlu^ka
7 i
isk!u lEyE
na qxi
amsEnkl^tka, iwat sE'mxElutk

idE^xam."
nadix.
r
AÊma amug^gEla
Aga kxwo^t
gasixElu tk iskli/lEyE Tnadixiamt.
Gatcillu'tk idu'du, galiglalamtck itclfnon.
25
Aga kxwo'pt gatciu^xam

1
itc.'fnon:
"QE'nEgi dan imiforetells the
This refers
to
the belief that the
howl of the coyote

incest.
approach
of death.
2
Coyote
is
is
thus
the
first
to
commit
The
incestuous conduct of some
people
traceable to him.
107
me, since they have gone to look for me where I have been buried." Coyote ran off and laid himself down where he had crawled out, and slept. And then Coyote "I give you people the death omen." 1 said: And then " said shall do thus Coyote Always you people (to) your younger sisters. Now I here have done thus I have married my daughter, have stolen her this day. Now
nized
:
3 always shall people thus do."
9.
THE
wife
VISIT TO THE
died
WORLD
OF GHOSTS.
and also his two sons died. And Now also Eagle's wife died and Eagle's two sons died. then Coyote said: "It is not well, I Coyote am thinking, And then whither my wife and my son 3 have gone." "I know whither your wife has gone. Eagle said to him: If you wish to have her, let us two go to bring both of them back and wife my your wife, also your son and
Coyote's
my
son.
know where
both
the two of
them
are."
Coyote and Eagle, did go Straight on and on they they went to fetch their wives. went and arrived at a great river. There was no land
then
of them,
;
And
in
sight,
water alone was

flute.
all
there was.
took a
And
"It
then
is
Eagle
then Eagle blew into the flute and
And
said to Coyote:
;
good, O Coyote, that you should You look you shall not look at me, look across yonder. looked And then Coyote will behold the (ghost) people."
over
sang.
to
the
other
side.
He blew
:
into the flute,
Eagle
And
3
then Eagle said to him
"Did you see anything
We
Itsxa'n
my
statement, cies uncorrected.
have just been told that Coyote and Eagle had each lost two sons. son" (instead of ickxa'n "my two sons") is inconsistent with this but it has been thought advisable to leave Louis Simpson's inconsisten-
io8
i'nadix?"
-
"K.'a'ya
dan
inigE'lkEl."
Gatciu'lxam
"Ga'nuit kla'ya pu amfgE'lgEla ilgoa'filx ma'ika uxwala'-it idElxam." Gatciu'lxam isklu'lEyE. Aga'nuit "Nxhi'xwan fga isk!u'lEyE na'cqxi idialxe'wulx, aga'nuit 5 na'ika itdfnon itkhce'wulx. Ag' itxdrmam. Tnadix, iskli/-
itdfnon:
nadix arnKgikal, gala'dEinqt na'wit gala'ti i'nadix x kxwo'dau imixa'n kxw6 dau naik' itclfnon axgi'kal kxwo'lEyE,
i
;
dau
x
itcxa'n,
uxwala'-id'
qxaââtci k!a ya can pu idE'lxam. A'ksta sE'mxElutk

r
k.'o'b
;
atgitxu'kla ini'Uutk idu'du ;
10 k!a ya
kxwo'ba imfgE'lkEl ma ik' isk!u lEyE. Aga r 7 x l dac ktix txi/it. it!u amxluxwa'-ida isk!u Qa lEyE, 'Ag' itxdi'mam.' kte'b icmi^xus amsu^wa; aga qa'dac
can
Aga
ayamgElga
ya,
u q L a yamxElux' aâ."
Gatciu^xam itclfnon "Qa'dair^t) na^qxi asEmxElutka 15 k!wa cka atxE'mEqta, tcx' atx^ya." Aga kxwo'pt gatcikxw6 gE lga. pt gactu^xuit. Aga kxw6 pt tca'x Aga 7 nadix. gali x6x itclfnon k!wa b ihcqoa Aga kxwo'pt
:
gas^xElutk
7
isklu'lEyE,
r
iltcqoâ
gacxu x
x
iitcqoa
itcta^sb'
x
itcdoqwi'tba.
gacdalflakwit Gactutxui'tam wflxpa.

;
20
Aga
ha'-ay
gaqiula da iskluÊyE.
"Na'q'
it!u
ktix
ma ika
isklu';
IfiyE 'ga
r
pu atxutxwiâma
yamtxu'lal."
tcx' i'txya.
Yamtxu'lal, 'Naqx' asEmxElu'tka

wi'lxba
kxwo'dau
Qe dau
Gatciu'lxam
25 itxdrmam.
xam
xa p
r
Ag' idfilKwaic Ag' amxEluitca'tgEma. amugi'gEl' kwaic amagElgEla am^gikal k!ma imixa^ da ukwa
:
"Qa'dac bft amxu xwa isklu'kyE.
na'ika itclfnon axgi'kal.
galfxuxix.
nu'it
r
Kxwo
tki
:
Kwa'ic amlgE^gEla." 7
pt
Aga
x
kxwo'pt
a ga
tfaxa
idm^mEluctikc.
x
30 tcu
1
Aga
galu xwaq idE^xam quc7 kxwo'pt akLmi n gala-ilga-
-ix,
qa
dawa x
galixo'xix.
-."
Aga kxw6
Qadac
pt gahf-
Perhaps this means
"Probably you think that
itlu'ktix
= probably.
on the other side?"

to
"I
him:
but
"
:
"Indeed you,
I
saw nothing at all." Eagle said Coyote, would not see any per-
son,
him
I,
He said to truly people are dwelling (there)." think perchance Coyote is not strong, but truly
Now we two have come here. On Eagle, am strong. the other side, O Coyote, on the other side is your wife, she who has died. She has come to right across from
here,
also
that no one
your son and my, Eagle's, wife and son, so would take us two across to where the people
look I have blown into the flute dwelling. you Coyote did not see anyone. Now there we are. It 1 is just good that you Coyote will think, 'Now we have
are
!
Now
arrived.'
Now
just
close
will
"
:
hold of you and you
then your eyes hang on to me."

;
shall take
Eagle said to
tion
;
him
You
shall not look in
any
direc-
(if
you
do),
we two
shall die,
we
shall
be drowned."
And
them
the
then
he took hold of him.

up. side of the water.
fell
And
then the two of
stood
other
Now
then Eagle
And
;
stepped across to then Coyote looked
and they both

at
their feet
into the water

legs.
and
They
they struck the water came to a stand on the

:
ground and Coyote was thrown off. (Eagle) said to him "It is not well, you Coyote, that we two should now be we must to you, 'You shall, not look I said drowned. come to a stand on the land before you look.' Thus I
;
said to you." He said to
him:
Soon wife and you will see the people, soon you will see your Soon wife. your son-, likewise I, Eagle, (shall see) my then you will see them." And then it became dark. Just
Now we
two have
"Just arrived.
you
remain
quiet,
Coyote.
Now
you
shall listen.
people came together,
in
truth the dead.
And
it
then the
moon came down

somewhat
light.
to
the ground, straightway
became
And
then a certain person came forward
10
gEmahc
tfgoa'lilx.
Aga
kxwo'pt
Aga kxwo'pt lu'qx galku'x tfgoa'ttlx Aga kxwo'pt galixE'ltcmaq isklu'lEyE

:
gafgagE'lga akLmi'n.
1
akLmi'n.
aya'gikal.
Aga
a'gikal isklu'lEyE; kxwo'pt galki'm itgoa'ttlx x " da'uax itclfnon aya'gikal, galki'm tfgoa'h'lx. Aga kxw6 pt gacxlirttcatk kanactmo'kct aga gackcuÊlaqlq ictaîkal.
"Da'uwax
Galixhi'xwa-it
x
isk!u lEyE
x "Quct da bax axgi kal aki xax,
itclfnon wi t!a ayaîkal."
Kxw6 pt
x
nixli/xwa-it iskluÊyE:
x
"Da'ulax ilgoaîlx anluwa'gwa

10 gayula-it.
7
kwa
x
ic ;"
aga itclfnon
r x
;
bl't
Aga
ctu'qui.
kxwo'pt
gactu qui
a'ga
wi
x
t!a
gactu qui
wi t!ax gaiskluÊyE
x
;
Kxwopt
gatchi'woq
"Enkcta'm."
ilgoaîlx
r
a-icafx* gatchi'x.
Aga kxw6
:
pt nixEnu'tcu.
x
gatciu^xam
15 itclfnon.
x
itclfnon
Aga kxwo'pt Kxw6 pt gayu ya

gatcigElksl
Aga
kxwo'pt
11
dEng' ixlu idEt inLftcx
kctam isklu'kyE k!wa

gatciu
;
aga
c galixfxox.
Aga
;
kxw6
"Itl^ktix imuwa^ axka' gatciu'lxam itclfnon: 3 daua itca^leu Nikciamtca'c aluÊqta pu ilgoa'lilx imuwa r g aga kla'ya pu wftlax aWi'mama dika' daba tfgoa'lilx
pt
;
20
Aga kxwo'pt
mEluctikc
xa'b galfxuxix; galu

x
quct (d)ax da
iaxta
ua-itc.
r
xwaq idE'lxam idme'Gada ckupq idE'lxam, nux
xwo^xom
25
k!u lEyE 7 k!u lEyE
x
kxwoâ uxwo
gatcuwo^.
qt.
Quct aluÊqta, na
x
wit
is-
kxwob' akfy' alaûtk.

aka'xtau
dab'
Aga kxw6 Aga

r
pt
gala-ixEni/tcu
akLmfn
7
a-ilga^cxix.
x
kxwo'pt gayuâ-it isKxwo r pt gatssu x bEna

x r x x
itam
E, kxwoâ gayutaMtam. Aga kxw6 pt gatcagE lg' Aga kxw6 pt lu qx gatcu xwa. Qa tgi gayula iskluÊyE a-itsxa^. Aga kxwo'pt galu^wakim
. :
30 idElxam
1
"Lxloida^
ilgoa'lilx."
Tqa'uadikc qaMaga
tq!e'-
For
aya'gikal.
is
Nikciamtca'c
in the
moon.
The
In rapid speech aya is often contracted to a. now supposed to be the person represented by the markings name Nikciamtca'c occurs also in a Kathlamet myth (see Boas,
1 1 1
and got hold of the moon the moon.
and then the person swallowed
Now
the
is
then Coyote heard (speak of) his wife. "This here is Coyote's wife; person said:
And
this
then
here
Eagle's wife," said the person.
Now
then both of them
listened
and they recognized

here
:
their wives.
Coyote thought
here soon
"Truly just
is
" I
my
quiet.
wife, also Eagle's wife."

kill
Then
;"
Coyote thought but Eagle remained
shall
this
person
And
another night
then the two of them slept over night they passed And then they passed still another night.
;
;
Coyote then he put
killed the person
"Come
look
at
And he gradually skinned him. (his skin) down over himself and said to Eagle So Eagle went and then came to look at me!"
;
:
him.
He saw now
:
strange on himself and
that Coyote had something And then became afraid of him. well that you have slain her
Eagle said to him
"It
2
is
name
slain
is
Nikciamtca'c.
her,
She would kill so people's spirits would no longer come here

;
whose people; you have
to this place."
it became dark the people assembled toThe people entered those gether, truly (were) the dead. and they arrived to assemble that (is) where they are as-
And
then
any one died, straightway his spirit went there. And then Coyote put down over himself her whom he had killed. Now then Coyote sat down here
sembled.
Truly
(if)
Then Coyote (where) the moon is descending to the ground. of the moon jumped, there he landed. And then he got hold And short. too landed somewhat and swallowed it.
Coyote
then the people said:
"It
is
another person."
Some
of
Kathlamet Texts (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bui. 26, pp.

n an entirely different connection.
2023),
though
12
yoqt
ti'axa
galu'gwakim
"Qucti'axa
isk!u'lEyE
ya'xtau
quc-
ga'ngadix gatcuwo'q." Aga kxwo'pt gatcagE'lga

na-ixu'tk.
kxwo'pt
5 wi't!a.
Kxwo'dau
aya'gikal. Aga ia'xan gatcigE'lga galixu'tk

;
itclfnon
Kxwo'dau gatcagE'lga
;
isklu'lsyE aya'gikal
x r
wi'tla
kxwo'dau iaân iskluÊyE wi t!ax nixu'tk. Gax tca xpu itclfnon waska n kxwo'b' aya gikal kxwo'dau ia xan kxwoâu isk!u lEyE aya'gikal kxw6 dau isk!u lEyE iaân.
na-ixu^k
r x
,
10
Aga kxw6 pt Aga kxwo'pt

non waska
tu'qui
;
n.
gatcuâda. x Gatcu ctxwa itcli^ gactu ya aga gacxklwa x wi t!ax gacwi^.'ax gactu'qui Gactu'qui
x
gatcu mquit akLmi'n
isk!u lEyE,
7
.
wi'tlax gacti/qui.
;
Aga kxwo^t gatcuxwa'tcmaq idE'lxam iskluÊyE dawo'wowowowo uxwiplaâwulal idE^xam, uxwiklaâwulal

15 idE^xam hihihihihi
qxe'gEmtkixiamt yagika'uba.
Hala'ktbo'
wigwa
tcpa'g x a xtau
wi^lax
x
gactu'qui.
Aga kxw6
;
pt
gactu'ya;
x
wi
t!a
qucti axa isk.'i/lEyE aga idElxam uxwip.'alawulal aya gikal kxwoMau itcllôn aya'gikal kxwo'dau itclfnon ia xan isklu'kyE wftla ia xan. Aga kxwo^t
r r
20 tagwE'nEma wfgwa r andu ctxwa a'xdau

itlifktix,
gatciu'lxam iskluÊyE
x
x
Aga
x
na ika
ma ika
wa skan na ik' aga rncta^x" itclfnon.
iskluÊyE; naqx'
Na ika
:
isklu'lEyE
na'ik'
naik'
25
xam
kxw6
Kxwopt galfkim "Kla'ya! x x x x a ga qwotk' a na ika nu^txt." Kxwopt gatciu lga r isklulsyE "Aga na'ika iskliflEyE anu ctxwa." Aga
:
amu'ctxwa."
itc!f non
pt
gali'kim
r
itc!f non
"Kla'ya!"
"
K!wa
galfxux
itclfnon; galixhfx wa-it:
Atca'xElaqlqa."
Aga da
lal
ba ctagika -uba uxwiplaâwulal, uxwaklaâwur x r hihihihihi. Kxwopt a ga da k gatctu x itdfnon idia-
30
ctxu'lal.
Aga
:
kxwo'pt gaqdflut
x
isklu'lfiyE.
Aga kxwo'pt
,
gatctifctx
iskluÊyE.
x
Aga kxwo'pt
r
gatciu'lxam itclfnon,
galfkim
atxu'ya."
"Qaâc na qxi ia x' amxu'xwa Aga q!oa p aga Lax alqidi'wi.

x
1
ka'natxmo^ct
Aga kxwo'pt
In other words,
it
was near daylight.
the old
men
said:
"Truly that
is
Coyote; truly he
wife
killed
her before."
And then Eagle And he took hold

Coyote
took hold
of his
his
and hid son; he hid him also.

of his
;
her.
took hold of
hid
also
his
wife
he hid
also
her.
And And
Coyote
son.
(were) his wife and his son. And then Coyote spit out the moon, he threw her Now then the two of them went and started away.
Eagle closed the box; there son and Coyote's wife and Coyote's
homewards.
Eagle carried the box on

;
his back.
;
They
passed the night they passed another night another night they passed another night.
;
they passed
And
talking
then
Coyote
heard the people
the people are
among
another
themselves
behind
themselves, the people are laughing among On the fourth day they his back.
night.
passed
the
selves
And
then they went on.
Now
were again talking excitedly among themtruly that was Coyote's wife and Eagle's wife and And then on the fifth day Coyote said to Eagle's son. " him Now I will carry that box on my back, I, Coyote.
people
;
:
It
is
not well (that you should carry

I,
:
it),
you are a
chief,
Eagle.
Coyote,
*
I
!
shall carry
it
on
Eagle said
my
back."
it
never mind, I Then Coyote said to him:

I,
No
my back." Then am carrying it on "Now I, Coyote,

:
shall carry
on
my
;
back."
And
a
:
then Eagle said
"No
!"
Eagle was
afraid
he thought
He will
open the (box)."
Now
here,
back of the two of them they are talking

themselves.
among themselves, they are laughing among And then Eagle freed himself of his burden.
Coyote back. And then Eagle said to him, he you go far ahead both of us will go."
;
And
it
then
his
it
was given
to
so then Coyote carried

said
:
on
"Just don't
(it
Now
seemed)
just
8
as
if
the
sun
(were)
II.
near.
And
then he said to
PUBI..
AMER. ETHN.
SOC. VOL.
gatciu'lxam:
"Ag' ahxkfftcxaya,
dik'
a'g' anxklftcxaya."
Aga mang
kxwo'pt gatcju'lxam
i'axi
isk.'u'lEyE:
"Kla'ya!
mcta'mx
itclf non.
mxux."
Aga
kxwo'pt ya'xi gali'xox

isklu'lEyE.
r
Aga
5 La k
r
kxwo'pt da'k gatctu'x gatcu'xwa wa'skan. Aga

x
Aga
x
kxwo'pt
k.'u'lEyE
itclfnon
kxw6 dau ia ayaîkal kxwoâu iaân. Aga kxwo pt iVi Lla'k gatcu'xwa wa skan isklulEyE. Aga kxwo'pt galuwaskania mt isk!u lEyE aya gikal kxw6 dau itclfnon gwo'ba
aya'gikal
r r
kxwo'pt gatca gElkEl isx xan gatci gElkEl kxwoMau
10 aya gikal,
kanactmo^ct gacxifx
;
gatccgE'lksl
isklu'lEyE.
Kxwopt gactugwoâ
x
ke nua
x
galixakxa'-im'
ia'xi
aqxa budit
isk!u
x
gatcuJa d'
aqxa budit;
galixiâx'itEm
iskluÊyE kxwo dau galiîm x "Na'itla inxilu'xwan tq!e x 15 itclfnon, gatciiflxam itclfnon: x x x x am^gikal kxw6 dau imixa^ kxw6 dau na ika itclfnon axgi -
Kxwopt
a ga
galfktcax
kal
kxw6 dau
wi t!ax
a
x x
itcxa'n.
r
Dau' aga Lax ag' iml^mamogwa

ntcix
pu qa amlgE'lgElaya. Daifax ga. agaâx alxugifya p' ag' aÊma 20 atctelxaâgwa, kanauwa p' ag' alEm' alxifya icgagflak k!ma ick!a ckac ag' imhfmamogwa. Cmaîx p' al^mEqt'
kla/ya
ijxlaît
7 x
;
DEmf2nua
ilgoa'Jilx
dml2nua
p'
atu mEqta.
Da
7
uya
wfgwa ma^ka
alEklu'ktama 1
7
'
qfdau
irnfuxix isklu'kyE.
r
Laxta
u-aitc a'lEm'
alxk!wa ya
aÊma kanauwa/.
Aga kxwo^t pu gwa

7
25 nisim qe'dau aluxwa'xa Nadida'nuit k!m' a ga kxwo'pt im-
Cma'nix pu aluÊqta ilgoalilx klma'lalidix x ga'uaxEmdix p' alxatklwoâ-idEma, k!m' a ga imdu'mar r mogwa. K!a ya wftia da ukwa aho/xwa ilgoa'lilx aû'mEqta pu dEmf nua kla'ya p' aqlgE lgEla. Qi'dau imfuxix r 30 isklu'lEyE. Qe dau alugwagfma idE^xam, 'Gact^ya is-
kfmamogwa.
AlEklu'ktama
is
equivalent
a-tx-k-;,
to
a-lx-k-1-u-ki-am-a.
One would
rather
have
expect. d atkhikia'ma
(=
"we two
shall arrive with them."
him:
a
"Now
little
shall
But then
Coyote
defecate, right here " said to him No

:
shall defecate.
go
farther."
you are a So then Eagle went farther

!
chief,
on.
then Coyote relieved himself of the (burden) and opened the box. And then Coyote saw his wife, and he saw his son and Eagle's wife and son. Now then Coyote
And
from
slowly opened the box-, and Coyote's wife escaped the box, also Eagle's wife, both of them got out saw the two. So the two in vain he Coyote escaped
; ;
seated
himself
fell
upon
the
lid
he
threw
the
lid
away
Coyote
some
distance away.
cried
and Eagle spoke; Eagle said to was my part thinking that you wanted your wife and your son, and I, Eagle, my wife and my son. Now this day you have made a mistake in regard to them you shall never see them again. Now they have died for all time. (After) we should all have passed through this day, they would have returned to life and we would all of us go (together, we,) the two women and the two boys-, but you made a mistake in regard to them.
him:
"I
Then Coyote
for
If
any person
Coyote,
dies,
he
will
die
it
for alt time.
you,
have
brought
2
about thus.
We
This day should
have brought those people with us, we should all have gone homewards. And then Indians would always be
doing thus, but then you made a mistake in regard to them. Whenever a person died, he would have come
back home
a mistake
for
in
the
fall
(and) the spring, but you

die
for
made
regard
to them. to
son
do
(again) be
thus; seen.
he
is
Thus,
will
about.
2
Thus people
is,
Never again will a pernot all time and will Coyote, have you brought it say, 'Coyote and Eagle went,
That
our wives and sons.
n6
yE k!ma itdl'non gackcugwa'lEmam icta'gikal.
Aga
kxwo'pt isklu'lEyE gatdu'mamogwa

li'xox,
isklu'lEyE qe'dau ga-
iakla'mEla gali'xElox.'
"
Qe'dau iqxa'nutck.
10.
EAGLE AND WEASEL.

;
kxwo'ba gackcgE'l5 ksl Kxwo^t ke nua gatciu^xam itclfnon waicgagi'lak. x u de'wade Na qx' amu'ya ;" a -i gatciux. Mang axi r gactu ya. Aga kxwo'pt nikta wadeVade, icgagilak nicx u gE'ltatck. Kxwopt a exat gatcagE^ga wade'wade L!a x x gatcula'da aâgilak. Aga kxwo pt gacxEltcmoq wi lx 10 sili/skwax. Quctia'xa iktie na orayabaÊm 1 ayaîkal gatcagE lga wade wade. Aga kxwo'pt gatcci/wa. Ag-a kxwo^t x cpa q gaqiltcmo^ ayakla^catcaba, qatgi La 2i gaqi^tcmoq r wflx gal^xEla saq u iklma'kan gatci ux gayaba'xEm.
r
x x
:
Gactu'ya wade'wade k!ma itdl'non
Aga kxwo^t
15 k!wa c
x x
gacgigE'lkEl
galiôx itklaâmadi^mt
wade wade.
aga tccw6 t. Aga kxwo'pt Aga kxwo'pt gatcdiltaûix

;
ipa^^ kxwoâ gactilka^gix. Aga pt gatcto^cam tklalamatpa gayaba'xEm; galuxwa'lalalEmtck itklalamat. Aga kxwo'pt gayugwo ba wade'-
kxw6
wade;
gatciu'kct.
20 tcdu'qct.
la'-ix p'
Aga
GatcigE^kEl dalaula'u isi'axus, tklaâmat x " KEkxwo'pt galixlu'xwa-it wade wade

:
aqiugwi^xEma ia'gEtcpa." Aga kxwo'pt gatcigE'lga wade'wade ikla'munak da r pt ia x Lqt. kxwo'pt gali-
Aga
glu'ya lawa"
na/wit galigEmu'txuit.
25
wi gwi'lx
;
:
Lawa' gatciugwilx r
t!a
wi
x
t!a
gatciugwi'lx
wi'tla
gatciu-
gatciugwi gatciugwilx. Aga kxwo'pt gayu'mEqt gayaba'xEm. Aga kxwo'pt gatciu'lxam itcifnon mtf "Ag' ini'uwoq ma'itla k!wa c mka'xax.
,
lx
wi't!a
Aga
'tkcta'm
aga
1
yu'mEqt."
Aga
kxwo'pt gayu'ya itdfnon

(!).
mythical monster said to look like an alligator
went
did.'"
to
fetch
in
their
wives.
And
then
Coyote made a
did,
mistake
regard to them. Thus the myth.
Thus Coyote
badly he
10.
EAGLE AND WEASEL.

there
Weasel and Eagle went along; women. Then Eagle told Weasel,
turned out):
they saw two
They
ran
to no purpose (as it "Don't go (to them);" he assented (to him). went on a little farther, and then Weasel ran off,
two women. Then Weasel seized one of the women and knocked the woman over. And then the two heard the earth tremble. In truth, Eagle had seized
after
the
the
wife
of a
certain
Gayaba'xEm.
terrible
;
And
sued
them and
made a
noise
then he purwith his rattles,

;
like La 21 it sounded the earth shook all anwas gered Gayaba'xEm. Now then the two saw that he was pursuing them. And then Weasel became afraid, and they went back towards the rocks, where there was a cave they entered into it. And then Gayaba'xEm came and bit at the rocks the rocks kept shaking. And then Weasel went out and looked at him. He saw how his eyes were shining, and how he was biting the rocks. And then Weasel thought "When standing at his side, one could strike him on his
something
nose."
So then Weasel took hold

to
of a stick this long. 3
then he slowly went up close to him.
And
him, straightway stood
Slowly
struck
he struck him
;
him
again
he
again he struck him again he struck him again he struck him.

; ; ;
And
"I
then he said to Eagle Gayaba'xEm for have killed him now; you your part are still afraid. Now come come here and look at him. He is dead now."
then
died.
!
Now
Indicated by gesture.
n8
aga ga'nuit iu'mEqt gayaba'xEm aga gatci'u Aga kxwo'pt gacgi'ucxux sa'q iapla'su kwal iaqla'qctaq aya'klatcatca saq dadakda'k gacgi'ux wadeVade k!ma itclfnon.
gatsi'k.'Elutk
;
uwoq wadeVade.
Aga
kxwo'pt Lla'k gactu'ya.

x
Aga
kxwo'pt galixEnu
7
tcu itclfnon
gayaba'xEm iapla'skwal.
tcmoq qatgi La -i ayak'a^catcaba. 7 "Ganuitca ma^ka mcta'mx aga wi t!a ma'ik' wade'wade ImxEnLi'tcu. Na x ika ag' inxEnu^cu wadeVade." ag'
r
:
Aga kxwo^t gaqi !Aga kxwo^t galiîm
10 Qi'dau gatciulxam
wadeVade.
naq'
Aga kxwo
K
:
pt gatcii/lxam
i-
wadeVade
tdfnon."
"
:
Cma'ni
amfnEluda
axi/lal
1
ayamuwa'gwa
Aga kxwo'pt gatciu^xam

"Gaûid
ag'
galixl^xwa-it itclfnon:
wade.
15
Aga ma^ka
pt
imxE'nLitcu
Ag' ayamEli/da ;" 7 iaklaÊla wade wadeVade." Aga
kxw6
gatcHut aga nixEnL^tcu wadeVade.

x
Aga
gayu'ya
kxwo'pt gactu ya;

itclfnon ia^ma.
qe'gEmtq gayu'ya wadeVade,
ba'xEm
iap'a^kwal.
AgalixEnLrtcu wadeVade gayaAga kxwo^t 1^212 gaqi'ltcmoq

galixslu^tcatk
itclfnon
x
wad^wade.
Qucti axa
kxwoba'2
20 qiltcEÊlit wadeVade. x ca xEl qiltcfi'mslit.

uxix
nixEgilu'itcatk.
itlifktix
Aga kxwo'pt
x
r
nixE luitcatk
Aga Aga kxwo
wi'tla nixE'luitcatk itclfnon,
aga x ya
"Naqx'
kxwo'pt
25
ilgoaîlx
pt nixl^xwa-it itclfnon: x xix itcu idia giutgwax."
^x
Aga
gatci'ux ya'-uxix.
wadeVade. Kxw6 x pt qiiflxam wadeVade:

/
NaVit gayiflEktcu wf Ixba da'k gatci'xux. Aga kxwo^t gama^ka "Kla'ya Lq!a p da'uya wade'x x r
wade; da'ng' ixlu ida(d) da'uya idia^xeVulx gayaba'xEm." Kxwo'pt dafk gatcfxux. Aga kxwo pt gatci uctx itclfnon
ieke'xte ipla'skwal.
30
Aga kxwo pt gactu y' io'uxix. Kxwopt a'ga galixlu'" xwa-it wadeVade Naqx' it.'u'ktix itclfnon wftla itci'nx: -'
Incorrect for ixu'lal
U.9
So then Eagle went he looked at him, and indeed, Gayaba'xEm was dead; now Weasel had slain him. And then they cut him up everything (they cut off) his skin, his
;
head, everything Weasel and Eagle cut loose. And then the two started off and went on. Now then Eagle put the skin of Qayaba'xEm over his head so then
his rattle
;
;
And something then Weasel said Well you are a chief and again do now it over Now I, Weasel, (shall) put you your head. Thus Weasel said to him. And put it over my head."
his rattle
!
he made a noise with

"
:
like La'-i.
then
I
W easel
T
said to
him
"
:
If
you do not give

Eagle thought:
it
to
me,
shall
I
kill
you,
"Now
shall
Weasel says (To Weasel he said :) "Now do you, Weasel, put it over your head!" And then he gave it to him, and Weasel put it over his head. Now then the two went on Weasel went behind, Eagle went on alone. Now, Weasel had the skin of Gayaba'xEm over his head. And then Weasel made a noise La/212. Truly Eagle listened, there yonder Weasel was making a noise. And then he listened and (Weasel) was
;
:
Eagle." give it to you." that he is bad."
So then (Eagle)
said to him:
"Truly
making a noise above.

to
is
his
younger brother.
that
And again Eagle listened, listened And then Eagle thought: "It
poor brother be a person (?)." So then he exercised his supernatural power upon his younger
not well
my
Straightway Weasel fell down to the ground. Then (Eagle) loosened the (skin) from him, and then Weasel
brother.
" You are not fit for this, Weasel this was spoken to what is strong Gayaba'xEm is something different (from
: ;
fit
for you)."
Eagle carried
Then he loosened that same skin on
it
from him.
And
then
his back.
Then then he and his younger brother went on. "It is not well that Eagle took indeed Weasel thought:
Now
it
back again from me.
Now
shall
kill
him."
And
I2O tckEm; ag' aniuwa'gwa." Aga kxwo'pt gayu'ya wade'wade ia'xiba gayu'fa-it. Aga kxwo'pt gatcu'gwiga
;
idiaga'-
matcx wade'wade-,
idia'maq
5
gayu'fa-it i'nadix wi'xat.
Aga
kxwo'pt
;
gaqdi'lux
itdfnon.
Ki'nua
ia'maq
gatci'lux
na'qxi
wi't.'a
ia'maq
gatci'lux.
Gayu'ya
p!a'la
itclfnon.
Aga
;
idiagaâtcx wadeVade. Aga r x wi t!a galigEmJaîtam. wi t!a idiaâq gatcdilux Talxt Aga x r wi'tla k!a ya ia'maq gatcilux. Qe dau gacxu'x itclfnon klma wade'wade. Qe'dau iqxa'nutck. 1
gatctugwa'lEmam
1 1
THE FIVE EAST- WIND BROTHERS AND THE FIVE THUNDER BROTHERS.
(Told by Pete M'Gu/}.
10
LgwE nEmikc ixo'uxikc wika'q Ixela'-itix kfila'-ix fxtpa wilx. Aga kxwo'pt gali'kim ixgo'qEnkt: "Aga a'wimax
ag'
ayamcglu'qlqa,
ank!i naxLa
qa'xb' uxwo'qt idE'lxam.
bat
15
Qa'dac cmaîx itci^gomEnif ayamcgatgwoâ gwE'nEmax iJgwoâx; cma'ni kl^ya qxu ct amcxiLuxwaMda,
qxa'tki nigrxatx.'"
'Aga
"A'-u," gaigi'uxwox.
L!a k gayu'ya.
11
Yaît, gayagu'qxom aqle'yoqt

,
itka'q
r
}.
Koba gayu'pqax
xa'x gaksi'klfilutkax
:
ieJqdl'x
"Ala" ikla'ckac! 3 ga n ctu'xt. Aga kxwo'pt gagiulxamx " da'n quct miwalal ?" Hi inki'naxt qa'xb' uxwo'qt idfil-
20 xam."
1
A'-u," gagiu'xwax, "ya'xib' uxwo'qt;"

is
gagixnfma-
This
It
all
that Louis
of
it.
was
said to be
Simpson knew of the myth, but it is by no means all more particularly a Clackamas myth, and to consist of a
long chain of incidents located in the Willamette region. It corresponds doubtless, in a general way, to the Kathlamet "Myth of the Mink" (see Boas, Kathlamet
Texts,
pp. 103 117), the mink and panther of that myth corresponding to the weasel and eagle respectively of the Wishram version. A fragmentary account of
121
then Weasel went on; he sat Weasel took his arrows and
down
far
away.
And
then
sat down across from the were shot at Eagle. In vain he they tried to wound him, he did not wound him Eagle went on unharmed. Then again Weasel went to fetch his arrows and again went and sat down close to him. Now again he shot at his elder brother-, again he did not
trail.
And
then
wound him.
1
Thus
did
Eagle and Weasel.
Thus the
myth.
1 1
THE FIVE EAST- WIND BROTHERS AND THE FIVE

THUNDER BROTHERS.
The
a
five East- Wind brothers
certain
land.
And
!
were dwelling far away in then the oldest one said: "Now,
younger brothers now I shall leave you, I shall seek Mind to find where the people are assembled together.
you,
if I
;
am
not,
alive,
shall
come back
to
you within
five
you shall think to yourselves, 'Now "Yes," they said to him. something has happened to him.'" He started out on his journey. He goes and goes he came to an old woman whose house was smoking. Therein he entered she turned her head and looked at him for a long time the two remain silent. And then she said to him: "O boy! 3 What, pray, are you jour"Well, I am seeking to find where the neying for?"
days
if
truly
people are assembled

him,
together."
"Yes,"
she said to
"yonder they are assembled together;" she directed
the myth, obtained in broken English from another informant, contained the incident of a violent rain following upon the divulging by Weasel of the name of a certain
place,
confided to
Eagle.
The
exact correspondent of this incident
the unwilling him, after much coaxing on his part, by is to be found in the Kathlamet
myth
2
referred to, pp. 112, 113.
In surprise.
122
xix
u'lpqtyamt
;
aga'fax.
u
"Qa'dac
ayamulxa'ma k!a'ya
idE'lxam fkdulxu'mt ki'nuwa'qqa'dag' uxwo'qt sa'q ag' cumax Ixo'uxikc, ftcgu'qt Igla'lam. Cma'nix yax' imxhi'-
xwan,
5 kla'y'
'Anu'mEqt'
aga,'
Aga imigoÊnil. idElxam. Qfdau gu'pqt
Qa'dac mxElqta't yaxa mi'a. r 7 ri ina tkadix dacqxa daga dnu

ia'-im'
x
iqxa'q
ut
di'ka."-- "A'-u,"
gatcu'xwa, "hi da'xka qa daga
ndwa
lal."
Tcxa b ibgo
it
gwEÊmix; kla^' idrmam

"
:
ilio'uxikcba.
Ifo/mokct gali'kim 10 giska yuklwa'laloqt?

gi'uxox ilio'uxikc.
a
Ag' aniunaxta/ma
x
ilxa^xt.
QE'HE-
Paiala'i lg' uxwo'qt." - - "A'-u," gatilio'uxikc

:
Ya^tla da ukwa gatch/lxam

x
;
GwE'nEmab^d iJgwo'mEx antklwaâlaqwida." Da x ukwa da ukw' axa-ilukiiâl. ya'xtla gayagu^xom aql^yoqt

GwE'nEm' i^gwoÊx yuklwaâloqt. "QEÊgiska!" gali Na'it!' antci^naxlama." 15 kim itah/n, "palala'-i uxwo^t. ag' Ya xt!a da'ukwa yuklwalaloqt kxwo'ba quct ia xt!a yagu'x gomt aqle'yoqt da ukwa gixnfmanix.
x r
; ;
Hala'kt
gaindm:
"Na'itlax ag' anlu^naxlama."

:
Da'ukwa
x
"Cma'ni gwEÊmix antgu ya quct 20 kla/y' Endrmamx." Tcxa x p tcxap gwE'nEmix ki^ya ma'nix x x iki ax. kxwo'pt galixslthwitck ixklE'skax. Gayu ya Aga r x x ia xt!a; ia 2it; Jq!a p gatci'ux isk!i/lEyE.
gatcii/lxam ita'-uxix
;
"Ala ik!a ckac! qxa'damt mu'it?" gal^kim "Hi nki'naxJ qa'xb' uxwo'qt." - - "Ga'nuitca tka'la 8 fldu'n
pu
1
txa'ik'
atxu ya.
is
Da'ukwa
difficult to
na'ika iqxa'q u t iniu'naxL."
of no
translate adequately ; qxa'daga ("for nothing, the matter-of-courseness, as it were, of the destruction of the people: "they just go right in, and are destroyed without further ado."
Aga qxa'daga dnu
consequence") here
implies
.123
him towards the

they are
setting sun.
not assembled
shall just tell together for nothing.

all
"I
you that
Now, the
you
!
Thunder brothers have consumed
the people, they are
If indeed singing their supernatural dance-song. think to yourself, 'Now I am going to die,' then go
You
Now, you are no longer alive. 3 Such alone is surely indeed the people go in one way. the assemblage here." "Yes," he said to her, "just for
will
just
find
out
that
that indeed
am
journeying."
night
for
five
He camped
home
I
over
times
he did not come

"
:
to his brothers.
The second
shall
go and look
is
(brother) said our elder brother.
Now
is
it
How
that he
absent ?
Perhaps
many
people have assembled
together." younger brothers to him. He B too said thus to his younger brothers I shall be away from home for about five days." He too, just as before,
"Yes," said his
came
to the old
the assemblage. is it!" said the third; "they are assembled in great numbers. Now I for my part shall go and look for the two."
woman just as before she tells him about He is away from home five days. "How
;
He
too,
just
as before,
was absent
for
truly
he too comes
there to the old
woman;
a
:
just as before she directs him.
The
look
fourth
said
my
part
shall
go now and
them." Just as before he said to his younger "If I shall have camped over night five times, brother: then I shall not come home." Five nights passed; he
for
youngest got ready. too went; he goes and goes (until) he met Coyote. " O boy whither are you going ?" said Coyote. " Well, I am seeking to find where they are assembled together."
appear.
does
not
And
then
the
He
"
Well,
2
friend
we two might very
well
go together.
is, they do not return. use of tka'la (cf. masc. ika'la, "man") as "friend" is said to be a dialects. colloquialism, not recognized in other Upper Chinook
That
The
Wishram
124
i
dnu ma'ika iaxa qwa'tk' atxu'ya."

ctaît i'xtpa kEla'-ix wi'xat
,
Aga kxwo'pt
ngi.
x
gactu'ya
ctugogo'mt idE'lxam.
iaxa la
Aga
A'-i
x
kxwo'pt gatctuxwfmtck idE'lxam isk!u'lEyE lugma'

;
Galxcka'm wa^pul. gaqcu'x. Gaqcu'lk x 5 da kdak isk!u lEyE nu it k!a ya dan idiak!i tit.
x x r
Ka'dux wft!a gactu ix gactuâmx fxtpo wi t!a wi lx r x 7 ade 2 qucti'axa dnu da uy' uxwo'qt. Gaqiu'lxam isk!u lEyE "QE'nEgi mxlu^wan da n EnEgi qE'nEg' atxu gwa?" "A x -u hi da'nEgi itcqlwaâcEp Ika'la qxada x tci sa x q u ama Ca n antkta ya ?" l 10 xEmg^tga." Gacktuxwfmtck idE'lxam
; ,
Ga.'n
kla'its
galu xwax iafqdfx gaqtgE lga ilgoalilx qxa tg' ilax r iJadu'mt qucti'ax' ikna an. Gackta x laq Gacta;
!
Êlg-aâxix
15
yaîma
;
gactigElga'-ulxix
iskluÊyE gacdilda^coxwix iaq!i xpa x k!a y' ikna'an gaqiiaîm' iskli/lEyE

,
;
qucti'axa kxwoâ tci'wat. gE^gElx, dagapga b ilg-^ninua a Quct ilxulg^xwit." Gal^gwakim idE'lxam
;
:
Lamo^ct gactilda'tcuxwix ctigElgaûlxix wi t!a da ukwa iaMm' isklulEyE. Halu^ wi't.'a ia'-ima. Hala'kt wi t!a da'-ukwa. Lag-wE nEma gacdilda^cuxwix gacdigElga -ul; ,
20 xix
gaqaÊlgElx. Aâ kxwo'pt ts.'u'm x ni/xwax idE^xam; tqa uadikc galu^wagimx "IskluÊyE," x "K!a ya! kna'an." Ag-a cxda't tqa'uadikc galugwagi'mx
;
ag'
ama'kctikc
dagapga b
x
ilge ninua;
gactawiga'pgEmx idE^xam.
Kxwoâ
gaqixda kwax iskluÊyE; act gacdulxu^witx.

25
T!u kla'ya da'n aga

1
wi'tla gactu'-ix k!un' i'xt
wflxam.
Literally,
"Who we
two
shall
run?"
125 seeking to find the assemblage." "Just as you Let us then go together." And then they two went. and on a certain trail far away; they come They go go to people. And then Coyote challenged the people (to
like
!
also
am
play)
at
gambling-bones.
They agreed
all
(to
gamble
with)
the
two.
;
beaten
The two were They gambled night long. his friend was deprived of everything, Coyote now
had no clothes at all. Next morning the two went on again; again they arrived in a certain land. Behold truly indeed (people) were assembled together (at) this (place). Coyote was "How think you, with what shall we two spoken to: in this "Oh, well! I am somewhat (in join assemblage)?"!
of a fast runner, friend, so that you will bet everything." They two challenged the people: "Who will run with
For a long time the (people) were silent. Acertain person was taken, rather small and tall, in truth, He and (Coyote) ran there and back. Both Magpie. started out to run fast Coyote alone (was seen). They two
me?" 1
;
ran
down
into a hollow; they ran

;
up from out of it. Coyote
alone (was seen) Magpie was not seen, (only) a cloud of dust (was seen) there truly he was following upon him.
;
" The people said It seems that we have been beaten." The two ran down into a second (hollow) they run
:
Again, as before, Coyote alone (was seen). The third time again he was alone. The fourth time again as before. The fifth time the two ran down into a (hol-
up out of
it.
low)
seen.
they
ran
up out of
it
now both
;
of them were
And
then the people got to disputing
some of them
said
"No! Magpie." Now the two "Coyote," some said are coming in a cloud of dust they ran into the people.
;
There Coyote was passed by; he and (his friend) lost. Having absolutely nothing, the two now went on to a
certain
other
village.
"Well," said Coyote, "I shall try
126
"Hi," galigi'mx Isklu'lEyE,
"wo'wotk!
-
a'nxuxwa, nVgum'
wikxa'q:
anxcga'ma." Aga dansk' a'g' alitxmu'tka ?"

"a'lEma
5 tu'xw'
3
kxwo'pt
-
ga'ligimx
"K!ma
"K!a'ya
1
ika'la," gatciu'lxamx,
Quctia'xa ya'xdau atcr x x itp!a -iskwa iku'mamax idiak!wa xa, qa ua daptsa

itp!a'-isk'
7
oqdEnlu'da."
xEmax, qa ua daga'cEmax, qa ua daibEÊmax gatcu'xwa. x GatcLlu laQ!wa Lk gatctu'x idaklTnuLmax itp!a -iskwa. 3 Palala xaîxix k!a ya tlamaôac lktu xt. gacmitx; xmu'tkax itplaîskwa gacgi^kwax.
x x r x x i
;
10
x
Ka'dux L!a k gacdugi'daqlqax idE'lxam.
GactuMx
:
fxt
"
wflxam
a ga na
r x
cta'it.
x
Aga kxwo^t
;
it!a
ba g anxu'xwa
"na^tla
7
r
iskluÊyE galiîm iwa'd anu^' atpxia^t

4
Hi
aga'lax."
"A'-u," gatci'ux,
aga dn'
iwa d
nu'it
u'lpqtyamd
aga
iax."
Kxwoba ba qx
gacxlu'x.
15
Ya/2id
wikxa'q
gatco'gikEl
idakla'its
x
i
tq
u ft
:
Kxwoba' gay^pgax-, a^xt

quct miwaâl ikla'ckac?" nûnaxl." Gagiu'lxam
:
aqle'yoqt.
Gagiu^xamx
xu^p. u Da?n
"Hi qada'ga ngucgfwal, iqxo^t r "laMma-ix iaxta ba kxwoâ war
kxwob' ogwalaâm kEnEwa'qcumax Ixo'uxikc." x 7 20 "Da xka ndwa'lal," galiîm. Lla k gaya y' iwa'tga.
tcE'lx
Gayu^pqax watcE lxba; a ga
tcuîctix.
GayuJa
-itx
7
tcla^x
dix; gatssuklw^tkax uxwolu'-imax idE'lxam, Ipal Ipa ! ita lq, so'u sou sou sou sou uxwipla'lawulal. Lixa't gaJgiugum" Da'n quct qE nEgi miwaâl ?" -i nxEJtcE^ tcxu'ga r x " 25 mElit ugwala'lam di ka uxwo'qt." A'-u," gali'kim ixa t,
:
"da'uyax
1
yax
iglaâm
-,"
gaqelqd'
ixa't.
"He
laxla'x
Itp!a'-isk' oqdEnlu'da is equivalent to itpla'-iskw(a) aqdEnlu'da. Literally, "Come-to-find-out that-one he-will-make-them."
again;
said
:
shall'
gamble bones."
A'nd then the East-Wind

-
"But what, pray, are we going to bet with ?" - " No, As friend," he said to him, "I shall be given blankets."
it
turned
out,
the
leaves
yellowish,
made the blankets out of cottonwood-trees, some greenish, some some reddish he made he patched together
that
(Coyote)
of
blankets
with colored decorations.

it
He
did
deceived them
the
in
regard
see
to the (blankets); since

clearly.
was dark, they
did not
;
them
Many
blankets
two stake
they won.
Next morning they started off and left the people behind. They went on they go and go (up to) a certain And then Coyote said: "Well, now I for my village. part shall depart yonder I shall go towards the rising sun." "Yes," he said to him, "and I for my part, indeed, am going yonder towards the setting sun." There they
;
;
parted from each other.
The East-Wind goes and goes

smoking.
(there).
he saw a small house
Therein he entered
an old
woman was
sitting
She
said to
him:
I
"What, pray, are you, boy,
journeying for?"
ticular
"Well,
I
:
am
going about without par-
purpose,
am
"
She said to him is an underground lodge, there the Thunder brothers are "To them I am journeying," he said. He singing." started off and went in that direction. He entered the underground lodge; it was evening
now.
seeking to find the assemblage." All by itself in that place, there
He
sat
down
close to the wall

all
he looked at the
strange-looking people with bodies talking to one another in whispers.
reddish; they were One of them asked

for?"
him
"What, pray, are you journeying
"Indeed,
hear that they are singing here, that they are assembled
GatcLlu'lamilx
*
Dn'
is
is equivalent to gatctHu'lamit?. equivalent to dnu, "indeed."
128
tcmuxt
la'xtla gali'kim yax ixa'd igla'lam." "KJa'ya! dau'yax yax igla'lam." Kxwopt qfdau galxEn;
da'uyax
gue'ananEmtck.
Gatdu'lxamx
"Kw&'lt kult mcgla'lamtck."
Aga
x
;
ga'n
x
5 iafqdi'x fxilaMtix.
nEtn'
Wa'x
gayutxui'tx ixa't
"AM
'kla'ckac
aga qwo'tk' anglaâma."

idla'lamax
tcE^-f-
Galiglaâmtck ixuqxu nkt gwE 7 gatctu'x. LogwE'nEmaba gatctu x dar

x
,
GayuJa -itx. Gayutxui t lamokct "Qwotka" yaxa na'it!' angla'lama." Galigla'gal^gimx x 10 lamtck naVid datcE^-r alatcE^x. LagwE'nEma gatctu x
it
nu
:
watcE'lx.
anu'it
xu^b
itcqa'lit;
plala
galixu^wox.
r
Galiglaâmtck mank cpa k galxte'l. x r r LogwE'nEma gatctu'x anu it xu p xu'p xu'p xu p gatcilx x x Qa n gali xwox sgirfi'q k!a ya galuga'lgulitu'mtckix. x / GatsxElu'tkax ya^xt kxwo'ba. 15 xwa xax itx u dli t. Qatgi x x x sa u sa u sa u galxElpIaâwulalEmtck "QxiTct ya'xa
Ralu'n gayu'txuit.
; ;
Ixlu'-idEt
dau iax iigoalilx Iga'tqwom luwa'n qa'xba bama." x u Gatdu'lxam Ska kult ku lt Emcxdla'lamtck qatgi qi:
kEla'ix
gamcxdlala'mnintck
daLla' galxi'dlalit."
20
Wa'x 2 gayu^xuitx
gala'xux
daLla'c
ala'tcElx.
ilala^t.
Galiglalamtck
gatcilga'lgulitu'mtckix.
LagvvE'nEma gatctu'x
x
na wid aga sa'q" watu^
Qa
sa'u
gali'xox.
Galxl'la-it ialqdi^x;
x
;
Wi t!a
r
gala'xux x r sa u sa u
/
)
wa'tuJ.
ya 2xt ikla'ckac. GatdulgahcElpIaâwulalEmtck.
Galsxlu'tkax
25 xamx;
"Kwa'lt kElt
lamnil.'
i'ax'
aga
tcic i'nxux
qekEla'-ix daL.'a'
gamcxdla
1
Wa'x has
are
reference properly to the burning of
fire,
with which the Thunder

like
brothers
associated.
He
rises
slowly
to
his
song
fire
starting
in
to
29
"this
together." certain one
"Yes,"
said
one,
one here sings;" a

;
was pointed to. " Well, he is lying to you this one here sings." That one too said: "No! this one And thus they kept putting it off on one another. here sings." He said to them: "Hurry up and sing!" Now for a One of them stood up slowly, 1 long time they sit silent.
"Yes, boy, (saying): eldest sang; five songs
now indeed
he sang.
shall
sing."
The
fifth
When
he sang the
song, straightway the underground lodge
became
stood
;
nice
warm.
said
:
He
sat
down.
I
The second one

also shall sing."
and he up
;
"Now,
their
indeed,
way
sang the underground lodge fifth song immediately steam streamed up he ceased. The third one stood up. He sang it got to be rather He sang the fifth song immediately it got to be hot.
; ;
; ;
He sang warmed up. He
straight-
burning
places.
here
and there, smoke streaming up

silent;
in different
He became
after a little
;
while the
smoke
They disappeared. talked to one another,

;
looked
he
is still
sitting there.
They
somewhat
seems, indeed, that this person is came before) he has come I don't
"It whispering: different (from those that
like
know where
from."
He
said
to
them:
"Why, hurry up!
start in singing!
(One feels) we were all

2
rather comfortable (when) you keep singing;

sitting
around nice and warm." He sang; straightway the fourth one arose. Quickly now it began to burn here and there. He sang the fifth He became song; their underground lodge was all fire.
silent.
They
sat
for
a
is
long
still
time;
sitting.
the
They looked;
to
!
the boy
in
I
died away. Again they talked

fire
one another
whispers.
He
said to
;
them:
"Hurry
have become cold up now, indeed, warm (when) you were singing."
burn.
2
(it
was) comfortably
not probable that the literal meaning of wax is here lost sight of. Here wa'x denotes the opposite of "slowly rising," because of the short vowel.
It
is
II.
130
Gayutxwi't
watu'l
ixklfi'skax
lagwE'nEma
u
aic
galikfa'tgEmx
u
gala-igE'lbax
y6'k cxat.
Galigla'lamtck,
gatctu'x
;
galigla'-
lamtck, galigla'lamtck.
LagwE'nEma
sa'q
watu'l
Ga'n gali'xux. Giga' gatca'lgalq galagumla'ga'laxux. x r 7 5 itx GalsiklElu'tkax; ya 2xt iaJqdl 2x; daL!a c galaxu'xwax. a kxw6 x ba. Galki'm Dax nEgi IxluîdEt ilgoaîlx -," sa'u
:
sau
IxElpIa'lawulal.
Gatclu^xam
:
"Kwa^t
kult
ia
xa
mcxdlaâmtck."
a
Galki'm
"Aga kxwo'pt
angla'ma."
incglaâmtck."
A'-u,"
gatdu'x,
"na'it'ax
A
r
-i
gaJgi'ux.
1 :
10 Gayutxui'tx; na x wid datcfc-j- wika x q. "Alq Galgi'm antcuba'-iwa." - - "Kla'ya!" gatctulxam, "bl'd imcxfla-id."
Lamo^ct gatctu x idlaâmax aqa buditba. x x wika watcE^xba. iLaû'n gatctu'x mank cpa'g q gayu yix cpa k gayi/yix. iLala^t gatctu'x aga k!a ya p!a la galGayu'txuit
r
;
15 xfla-it.
Aga galxLlVananEmtck
u u
anui d
r
ika ba
galixu
xwax, itanalfq
idia'lalamax
;
}!q
r
gayugwanxa'xitx.
x
LogwEÊma
gatctu'x
sa q u ika ba daq!apq!a p galfxox. gatclt^bo kEnEwo'qcumax Jxou'xikc.
Kxwoba'
Qatgiaxa'max 20 kax gali'xpa.

;
dadakda k
Qu ctiaxa
x
gatcu'xwa watcE lx ixk!E sx qe dau Iktudiâx idE'lxam

l
lu'yamEnil
tclElga'lElq
;
Jagi tk!i
kxwob^xtaba kxw6ba lie'lExtikc

gatctu'xwax
;
qlolaMmalit
IxtaMt.
kxwoba
r
Gatci/gwigax
iâq!u tcu
klu'
gayugwak.'a'lakwax
r
gwE
r
nE-
mix
sa q
gatdfilxadaûgwa ya
x
xt' ilalgwiît.
Pu ya xtau
x
25 safq u gatcludiâ ka'nEmgwE'nEma kEnEwo'qcumax da uya
wi'gwa pu k!a ya kEnEwo'qcumax.

a lEm'
x
KIaniklanl'2.
KVdux
gatxo'qbEt
aga iax
alaxu
xwa yaxtadiVi
ikxa'q.
gali'xux
kEnEwo'qcumax kxwo'dau
1
Kjjwoba'xtaba
is
equivalent to kxwoba' ya'xtaba.
The
and
sang.
fifth
and youngest
arose.
fire
darted out of his mouth.
Me just took a breath, He sang, he sang, he

;
He sang the fifth song; everything became afire. He became silent. It burned continually they sat by the
long time
;
(fire) for a
it
died out.
he
is
still
sitting there.
;"
They
:
said:
They looked "The person

!
at
is
him some;
thing
were talking to one another in " He said to them whispers. Hurry up start in singing now!" They said: "We have sung enough." "Yes," he said to them, "I too shall sing." They consented to what he said. He arose straightway an east
different
they
wind (blew) nice and
cool.
They
-
said
"
"We
shall
each
of us go out for a short while." "sit quiet." He stood at the door.
No !" He
in
he said to them, sang the second

the
song
an east wind blew strongly
underground
He lodge. sang the third (song) it blew stronger. remain did not the fourth now quietly they sang (song) Now they started to shift in their seats; straightseated.
He
; ;
way
;
ice
formed and
icicles
song everything became congealed Thunder brothers froze.
He sang his fifth projected. There the into ice.
or other the youngest broke through the underground lodge he escaped from him. Truly thus they used to kill people; (whenever) onlookers arrived, they
;
Somehow
used
to
;
seat
them there
in that
place; there they always
burned
there his elder brothers had died.
He
took their
bones and heaped them together; he stepped over them five times; they all came back to life in their proper If he had killed all five of the Thunder (brothlikeness. thunder to-day. Story story. ers), there would be no
May
the weather to-morrow be as
der (brothers)
was when the Thunand the East-Wind came together.

it
132
12.
EAGLE'S SON AND COYOTE'S SON-IN-LAW.

isklu'lEyE aya'xan.
1
Gatcu'cgam itdi'non
gactu'fa-it
ts.'u'nus
ie'fqdix
Aga
Aga kxwo'pt kxwo'pt itca'wanb' ilifkla'ckac

itclfnon.
7
kla'ckac gafa'tta-it. Aga ifka'la ia'xan itcli'non.

5 A'xt
kxwo'pt gaklu'xtum
r
itq^rb' xwa-it:
aya'gikal
1
itclfnon.
y'
x
Aga kxwo'pt gali'xq!o' Aga kxw6 pt

ag' anigElda^lqa
x
galaxtu
"Ag anxk!wa
x
itclfnon."
Aga
Nakta 2. kxwo'pt gala kt' agagi lak. Kxwopt 7 x ilkla'ckac w^xatba itcliôn Na x kta iliaân. gaklu
wit; nakta'-a-itam idio'qlba isk!u lEyE aya'xan.
x
10
Aga kxwo^t ya'xta itclfnon gay^yam itcto^lba agagi'lak. Aga kxwo'pt gali'kta wixatba' itclfnon gatcu agagilak aya'gikal ni'kta wixatba'2. Aga kxwo'pt gatc;
/J
IgE'lksl,
qu L
iki
xax wi'xatpa ya xan
itclfnon;
aya xan
isklulEyE qu'L gagi'ux itca'xan. Aga kxwo'pt Jga'p ga15 tcigE'lga; da'k gatci'ux. Aga kxwo'pt gatcfuW ikla'ckac
ya'xan
itqîa'mt. kxwo^pt nEgu" gatcfux. Aga Aga r 7 x kxwo'pt gayu mt ik!a ckac; galiôx idialxeVulx yaga tf x
;
ika la galfxux.
Yaxa
20 gala'xux.
itc.'o'ligEn
Vx
"
iskliflEyE
aya'xan galu'ya.
Na'wit wa'limx
GaklgElg'
gatcu'cgam.
ilka'la itclinon a'gikal; ya'xliu
ikala
aya'xan
wi'tcam
25 dau
QE
kxwo'pt gatciflxam isklu'kyE x x nEgiska qxa'tgi muduksa'x a ca, na qxi tci

7
'
Aga
kxwob' ilmi'xan nimlgi'taqlq ?"

:
Aga
kxwo'pt gagiulxam
;
"Palala
imikla'mEla isklu'lEyE
p'
da'nbama qxe
pu na'qxi ninlgftaqlq." idiaxEmatlalutck kxwo'pt gali'xux Aga isklu'kyE ya'qcix x aya'xan itca gikal. Aga kxwo'pt gayugwida'lEqlqxEmct
mxu'lal?
Cma'nix
ifkxa'n
sa^q
1
11
idE'lxam; idiaxEmatla'iutck yaqlwalasup galfxux.

should
This
be
gatcigE'lkfil
probably
the narrator had the
word
illda'ckac
("child") in mind.
133
i2.
EAGLE'S SON AND COYOTE'S SON-IN-LAW.

then they two child was seated in
Eagle married Coyote's daughter.

dwelt
her
for
And
some time. And then a womb and she gave birth to a male child, Eagle's son. Now then Eagle went out hunting. Eagle's wife is sitting in the house. And then she thought to herself: "Now I will return homewards and leave Eagle behind." So then the woman ran away. She ran and ran. Then
she
child, Eagle's child, up along the trail. she ran on, ran until she arrived at Coyote's Straightway house, (she being) his daughter. And then that one, Eagle, arrived in his and (his
hung the
wife's)
house.
The woman had

trail
;
wife
Eagle ran along the he ran along the

;
disappeared. he followed the
And
then
his
;
woman,
trail.
And
then he saw the

,
(child)
hanging up along the trail Coyote's daughter had hung up her son. Now then he slowly took hold of him and released him. And then he took the boy,
is
Eagle's son
his
son, with
him
to himself.
Now
And then he kept him to the house. then the boy grew up and became strong,
a big
man he became.
she,
Now
the
became a married woman.
Soon she Coyote's daughter, had gone on. husband wife took a Eagle's
;
man
you
(who) married her was named Fish-Hawk.

"
:
Now
then Coyote said to his daughter

that
How
is it,
daughter,
are
somewhat sucked?
Did you not leave be:
And then she said to her father hind your child there ?" " You are very wicked, Coyote wherefore do you speak thus ? If I had had a child, I should not have abandoned
;
Coyote's son-in-law, his daughter's husband, became a racer, and always left behind (in running) all the people; a racer, a fast runner, he became.
him."
Now
then
134
gali'xux itdfnon ia'xan iaga'if ika'la. Aga kxwo'pt ia'xan: lxa'it!ikc itclfnon alxu'ya gali'kim yake'xtau "Ag'
Aga
Aga kxwo'pt gatgi" algiukcta'ma isklu'lEyE ya'qcix." idE'lxam dati'lx gatctu'kl itdfnon ia'xan. Aga galuâm
5
GadixLa gwa wi'lxam, gaduxwa^ ilaîk idiaxEmatlaûtck. Fwi ukl Lagwa itq^max. Gaqi galu xwax idE'lxam. Aga kxwo'pt gatcu^xam isk!u lEyE
qa xb' iskluÊyE
x
yu
xt.
"QE'nEgisk' aca la'xi' ilka la ilcta^x" alqidi'wi aya'xan x ma'ika irnHgwilit?" Kxwopt gagiulxam aya xan "Kxwo'pt r x 10 aga, ga n mxux! QEÊgi qe dau mxulal na^k'
:
laVa
ilcta'mx
x
11
?"
aga gatkqu
i.
Aga kxwo^t KVdux* alEma
p!a la galu
xwax
ackta
y'
acxumtla^witcgwa
ya'qcix' ilaîk.
Aga kxwo'pt
15
kta ya
'
"Aga acGalu'gwakim r ilalik." k!ma acxumtla'iwitcgwa isklu'kyE ya qcixisklulEys gairkim (loud and beating his hips):
gayutcu^tix-.
:
"Sa-pa'4
wi-le'-luk wi-
le'-luk
r
sa'-pa wi-
le'-luk
wi-le'-luk!"
Aga gactugwfLti. 7 Kinua galfkta 20 xux itcIoligEn. r 8 x E x gatci ux itclfnon. Gayugita^lq x tk itclfnon idia^xam. galugwaki
;
gackt' a
ga
isk.'uÊyE ia^cix k!m' ag' ilaîk. X 7 kxwo^t L!EP L!E P gali -
dapo^
ilaîk.
gayuÊktcu
Aga kxw6
pt
Adatrtx idElxam gatcti^kiam itclfnon. KVdux-. gatkqxu^ itclfnon idia^xam.

25 galuxwak!wa yu.
7

x
Aga kxwo
;
pt gatctulxam itclfnon idia

x x
l-
xam
x
ala xit
"Sa/q Lq!up Lqlu'p amtktu xwa aga matcx k!ma x x da ua wa pul amdu x xwa Lq!up Lq!u x p, da x uigu'liu
11
Sapa- or Sipato
is
sometimes used
as a "high-sounding," apparently titular,
prefix
the
names of mythological
characters.
Compare
the
names of Coyote's
135
Now
the
also
Eagle's son became a full-grown man.
And
then
same,
Eagle's
son,
said
"
:
Now
let
us
go, let us
go and look at Coyote's son-in-law." So then the people went (whom) Eagle's son took along with him in Now they arrived where Coyote was great numbers. marched around the village, passed the dwelling. They houses. Jack Rabbit, a racer, had been taken along.
The people looked about

to
his
"
slowly.
is
it,
And
then Coyote said

that yon
daughter
How
daughter,
man
looking
said
to
like a chief
him:
resembles you?" Then his daughter "Enough now, be quiet! How can you
is
say thus, that yon chief
my
son?"
And
for
stopped
(marching)
and
camped
then the people the night. Next
morning Coyote's son-in-law and Jack Rabbit are to run, are to race against each other.
And
the
then
daylight
came.
The
people said:
"Now
Coyote's son-in-law and Jack Rabbit, And Coyote are to run, are to race against each other." 1 Rabbit! Sir "Sir said: Jack Rabbit, Jack Rabbit, Jack
two of them,
Now then the two ran, Coyote's son-inJack Rabbit!" And then it rained and Fish-Hawk law and Jack Rabbit. became wetted through. He tried to run, but in vain
;
he
fell
right down,
power upon him.

then Eagle's people
his supernatural (for) Eagle exercised So him far behind. Jack Rabbit left
won
out.
Many were the people that Eagle had brought with And then Eagle's people camped over night. It him. was morning. And then they all started to go home, and
"You shall cut to pieces all Eagle said to his people: will cut (their) arrows and bows to-night. --You, Mouse,
them
to pieces
;
you too
likewise, Rat, will cut the arrows

is
It is noteworthy that Jack Rabbit's name four sons, p. 66. the archaic wi-pronominal prefix, instead of the ordinary i-.
here provided with
136
kwa ma
aLa
x
it!ax
x
ala kEs
Lq!u p
Lq!up
amdu'xwa
itga
x
matcx
x
xit."
Qe dau
x
:
Aga kxwo xam igi/liu "Aga

5
x x
;
gatcci/lxam itclfnon. x x pt xa p gali xoxwix. Aga

ckcta
x
kxwo
pt gatciu
x
l-
isk!u lEyE ia qcix'
k!ma aya xan

;
qa xba gacxu qclit." Aga kxwo^t gali^t' igi/liu gatccukcx NaVit gal^kta wi x t!ax galixtam a ga gatccgE'lkEl. x x na wit itclfnonba nikta'-a-itam. da gwa "Ag' incgElkEl
, ;
ya xiba
cto'qiu."
w6 gwa
x
na^ka."
Ya^xk' itclfnon gairkim "Ag' antcux Na'wit gayu'ya Aâ kxwo^t gayu ya.
:
galicgo qx6m.
Aga kxwo^t gatcigE lga Aga kxwo^t Lqlo'p gateaux ia

,
e wi
x x
gatcfux
7
iaqxa qctaq.
tuk, daLq!6 p na'wit.

;
Aga
kxwo^t gatcagE
x
lg'
qxa qctaq. Aga x x 15 na x wit. Aga kxwo pt gatcu lxam

mEla-ix'
x
x
gatcu xwa itcax x x kxwo pt Lq!6 p gatci ux itca x tuk daLq!6 x p

a xt!ax
I'wi
x
wa yaq
itc!i
non
a
:
Ma ika yak!a
x x
kac.
x
gamE ntxa kxwo b' ia muwaq. Aga kxwo pt qxwo L gamE ntxa
;
GamE
x
x
nLuk nk!a
x
c-
wi-ixa tba.
Na cqxi
gamEnq.
x x
gamEngEmatxa
La da.
20
Palala
pt
x
ulutkwaitck.
'
Kxwo
x
ba
wi -ixatba
imik!a mEla.''
x
Aga gatccuwo
;
Aga
kxwo
gatcuxiga mit itctaqxa qctagokc x x tcck!i tkiq aga cta umEqt.

;
gatccxi
ma; ga-
galuxwi txwitck ag' aluxwok!wa x x x x yuwa itc!i non idia lxam. Aga kxwo pt isklu'lsyE ya xtax x x x x x gatcu lxam aya xan "Aga mxgu itk a ca ag' alixk!wa ya
:
Aga kxwo pt kVdux

x
25
itc!i
non
x
ia
x
xan
pt
x x
icta mx.''
x
Aga kxwo
x
pt
galuxwi txwitck.
x
x
Aga kxwo
x x
non idia lxam.' Aga kxwo pt isk!u lEyE gatcu lxam aya xan mxlE tck, "Aga si k!Elutk ma it!a itc!i non ia xan." Wi t!a gadixLa xgwa-ix\
gadixLa gwa-ix*
x
x x
itc!i
x
GwE nEmix30
gadixLa gwa-ix-.
x x
Aga kxwo
isk!u lEyE
x
x>
pt gatgi
idE lxam.
x
Aga kxwo
Kanauwa
x
pt
gatccu qxutck
aya xan
x
ia
qcix\
x
gacxlalakmtck.
Aga kxwo
pt L!a
g gatccu
x.
137
and bows to
them.
pieces."
Thus Eagle spoke
to the
two of
And then it became dark. Now then he said to Mouse "Now go and look for Coyote's son-in-law and his daughwhere they are accustomed to sleep." And then ter,
:
Mouse ran
off,
sight of them.
for them, then caught he ran and came back again Straightway
;
he went to look
" Now straightway he came running to Eagle, (and said :) I have seen the two, they are sleeping yonder." He, "I am going to kill them now." And then Eagle, said:
he
went
off.
Straight
on he
went
(until)
he
got
to
the two.
And
his
then he head about.
caught hold of (Fish-Hawk) and turned And then he cut his neck, cut it right
Then he caught hold of his mother too, and through. turned her head about. And then he cut her neck, cut it Now then Eagle said to her: "You right through.
acted
You
badly towards me, that carried me when I was a
is
why
child,
have killed you. and then hung me

I
up on the trail. You did not take pity on me, (but) there on the trail you threw me away. You are very wicked." Now he had killed the two. And then he stuck their
heads on to their (bodies) he laid them down and covered them over. Now they two are dead.
,
then in the morning Eagle's people got ready, and were all about to go home. And then that Coyote said
And
Now Eagle's "Now wake up, daughter about to go home." And then Eagle's Now people got ready to go, and passed around him. do "Now then Coyote said to his daughter: arise, you around too look at Eagle's son !" Again they passed
to his
daughter
son, the chief,
is
him.
And
then
to)
the
people went
his
off.
Now
his
then Coson-in-law.
yote (tried
wake up
daughter and
They kept shaking and
shaking.
And
then
he
saw
138
Aga
Aga
kxwo'pt
kxwo'pt
na'qxi
gatccgs'lkEl
gali'kim
Lq!up
Lq!u'p
itcta'tuk
aga
cta'umEqt.
Luxwan
5 da'nEgi
qxa'daga
dala a'x
8
inxi'isklu'lEyE "Ga'ngadix* Qxa'tgi nigi'ti itclfnon ia'xan.

:
gagitxa'
x
p'
r
a'xka
r
itca'xan
qxa'dagatci
itct/woq itcaân.
Aga
da uya wi gwa inxElEqlaît."

"Tea!
ag'
Aga
idE-
Kxi nua gaag' alxdfnaya." kxwo'dau ala'xit. K!a qxu gwiga itgaâtcx ya dan ala'xit x 10 icgalE'pqtit k.'a/ya dan itgaâtcx itga piq k.'a/ya dan x 1 u lEmux xaîxix' Sa q gatcxE idataptlaâmax idaxaîLqdit. x x kxw6 dau ala kEs. Qe dau itk!a nl. iguliu
tfEmdata/xit
x x
;
;
kxwo^t gali mdagaâtcx
kim iskluÊyE:
amtgu^wiga
x
13.
THE DESERTED BOY.

x
Ag' alxu ya x nEkc." Yakla'mEl' ikla^kac. Aga kxw6 pt galk^m "Ag' 15 amcgiu'kla ilkEÊkc." "A kxwo^t galklu^xam Aga 7 lEma kxwo^' amcxiîdwoqlxa." Aga kxwo pt gwop g6 p gatgi idElxam wi'malpa. Galuya^ galu'yam ilkE nEkcba.
Ga^ngadix
galgiu^xam
ik!a
ckac
"
'
kxwo'pt galki m: x "Cmaîx a lEma ikla^kac alig^ma, 'Mck^xax tci?' a x lEm' x 20 amcgii/xwa in "2
Aga kxw6
pt Lqlu'p Lqlup galkt^x.

'
Aga
Aga kxwo^t galxwo^ck na'wit galxwo^-itEm na wit gwo p gah/ya. K!a ya dan ilgoaîlx gi gat sa'q Tnadix-. u Aga kxwo^t ya'xt' ikla^kac gali'kim Ag' alxklwa^
;
11
Kinua 2 galik!i naxLtck; r 25 k.'a/y' ilgoa'lilx. Aga kxwo'pt gali xk!wa ya xt!a gatclu'wa qxe'gEmtgix- ya xt!a niktaâ-itam aga k!a y' idE lxam. Aga kxwo^t gali'ktcax ik!a x ckac. kxwo^t
yuwa.""U'," galgi'ux ilkE'nEkc.
x r
;
Aga
Both
this
and the preceding word mean "their arrow-heads" without apparent
difference in meaning.
139
that
their
necks were cut through,
and that they were
dead now.
"Before now I was thinking Coyote said: that Eagle's son had not come for nothing. Perhaps she has somehow done something (wrong) to her son, so that
And
then
have found out." And " then Coyote said (to his people) Well Now do you arrows and get your your bows and we shall fight." The arrows and the bows were gotten, but to no purpose. None of the bows had its bowstring, none of the arrows had its feathers, none of them had their arrow-points.
her son killed her.
to-day
I
: !
Now
Mouse and Rat had eaten them

the myth.
all
up
at night.
Thus
13.
THE DESERTED
BOY.
:
Some time long ago the (people) said to the boy "Now let us go for reeds." The boy was (considered) bad. So then they said: "Now you people shall take
him along (when you go for) reeds." And then they said to them: "You shall abandon him there." So then the people all went across the river. They went on and And then they cut off arrived where the reeds were. 'Are "If the boy says, the reeds and said (to them): you people still there?' you shall answer him, 'U'.'"
they all ran went right across the river.
And
then
off;
straight
home
they ran,
this side
they were
all
on
No person at all (was left) on And then that the other side.
boy said:
"Now let us all go home!" - "0," said the reeds to him. He looked about long, but in vain; there was nobody. And then he too started to go home, he
too went following behind them; he ran until he arrived no people to be seen. So (at the river), but there were
2
Rather high pitch.
140
galixE'ltcmoq
;
:
"L! L! L!"
Aga kxwo'pt
e'wi gali'xux
isi'a-
xuspa gasi'xElutk. Gatchi'nalx ilie'loqctq. ts!n'2nus gatca'gElkEl wa'tul waftki'ba.

yaka'xtau gatcagE'lga watu'f.
5
Aga Aga
kxwo'pt
kxwo'pt
Aga
;
kxwo'pt
wi
x
galixElki'hc.
x
Aga Na wit
x
wi't!a
gatca^lkEl amuân
t!a tsli/nus
x
aki xax.
;
gatcagE'lga.
Aga
x
wi
1
t!a
gayu'ya ik!wa yatba

x
ga:
tcag-E^kEl
"
gwEÊma
x
,
waqxa't.
Aga
akcki
x
kxwo'pt galixh^xwa-it
t
x
AgwolHayax
akk!i c igangElu'tk
waqxa
xx
kxwo'dau waûl
iga'ngElutk akk!i c
tat
ila'n'
kxwo dau
iga ngElutk amu'tan."
10 Ag-a kxwo'pt gatssu'x isE^qxoq ik!a ckac

x
kxw6 dau
idla
r
xu -
EnEgi
gatctu'x.
kxwo'pt gadixu^c^t. r x EnEg' ikna an iapia^kwal. Lq!a b gasixE'ldi x xo qcit wftla gasi^tkiq.
Aga
Gayuxugwi tkiq itkna anukc. Kxwo'pt ismA'sEn gatssi/x

;
wi
t!a
gali-
15
x
x
Aga kxwo
pt nixEnkla'nqxut
x
gatcut!a b' a-ix't aklaMaqxi.

na-ix'lu'tk.
A nad
lu
lu
qx gatcu xwa; a'nad
Wit!a
kVdux
qx gatci^xwa a'nat. cutlaâ mo^ct aîx't

;
Wi
t!a
k'a'dux
a'-ix't
nixEnkla^gutam. Gatcqx gatcu'xwa a'-ix't gala-ix'lu'tk. x x x lu qx gatcuxwa. wi t!a ka dux
Aga
r
wi
t!a
lu
Aga
20 nixEnkla^gutam. Gatccutlaâ \\\'n icklaâqxi lu qx gax x r tcu xwa a -ix-t aklu'n ci'tlix* wi'tla ka'dux aMx't ak!u n
; ;
galixEnkla^gutam x la'kt Mo'kct lu qx gatcci/x gatccutla'ba ickla'daqxi. x x mo'kct gaci xElutk kVdux lu qx gatccu'x sa r q u aga mo'kct.
; ;
ciÎix-
lu'qx
gatci/xwa.
Aga
wi t!a
25
Aga
r
wi
t!a
k!a nqxut
gali'xux.
nixEnkla^gutam ilagwEÊmixikla'ckac JagwEÊmix'. Aga

x
aga galixEn7
yaga'it
ika la
Aga
kxwx/pt
3
atslE'ptslEp
2wi gatssu x isi^nqxoq qucti^xa pa^l / u a'lgixt aqx ta nba. GatcutxEm^t wi^xba. Aga
i
;
Known
generally as "wappatoo."
then
the
boy
"L!
L!
cried.
L!"
sound):
And then he heard (something And then he turned his eyes and
looked
a
he dried
bit
his tears.
in
Now
fire.
wee
of
fire
shell.
then he caught sight of And then that same (boy)
took the
fire
and
built
up a
he caught sight of some string also of And only a little. Straightway he took it. further he went to the cache and saw five "Indian potafurther
is
;
And
that there
then he thought: "My poor paternal grandfor me the 'Indian potatoes,' and my has saved for me the fire and paternal grandmother my maternal grandmother has saved for me the string." And
toes."
And
mother has saved
then
the
boy made a
fish-line
of the
string.
He
set
his
and he made a trap out trap for magpies and then

out
also
trapped them.
of magpie's
Then he made a magpie-skin blanket
put (when) he went to sleep, he wrapped himself nicely in it. And then he fished with hook and line and caught one
skin.
He
it
nicely about himself;
he consumed, half he saved for himNext morning he consumed also the other half. self. Then he went to fish again and caught two (suckers) one he consumed, and one he saved for himself. Next
sucker.
it
,
Half of
morning again he consumed the other one. Now next morning he went to fish again and caught three suckers. One and a half he consumed next morming again he consumed the other one and a half. Then again he went to fish and caught four suckers. Two he consumed, two he saved for himself. Next morning he consumed two all up. Now again he went to fish for the fifth time the boy had now He had now become a full-grown man. fished five times.
; ;
And
2
then
he turned
fish
2
to
look at his
fish-line
behold
ground roasted
Ats'.E'ptslEp
was contained
fish
hollow [brimful] in a
flesh
was a mixture of dried
and pieces of
mashed up
fine
and kept
in fish-oil.
142
kxwo'pt galigla'lamtck ikla'ckac. Aga kxwo'pt ka'nauw' edE'lxam tk!i' gatgi'ux. Aga kxwo'pt galu'gwakim "Qs'Qucti'axa klwan k!wa'n gali'xux gatcutla'nE'g' igi'xtix?"
:
baba
atste'ptslEp.
Qe'dau galigla'lamtck
l
:
J
5
^l^/
ga
-
J
-
"A-tse' a-tse'
SEH
gat
Ida
/
gwa'x
2
gas-kte-na -klwa'st."
Qucti'axa gagaMluqxwim
itc!E
xyan
aya xan waîq.

r
;
Aga
1
kxwo'pt gayu'qxui ikla'ckac
la ktix;
lagwE'nEmix'ba
gayu'qxui.
Palala'
Aga
x
tftlu'kti
ilgagi'lak ctoqxi'u. ala'nalxat itca'iqdax kxwo'dau ilgagilak;
kxwo'pt galixgo'-itk
x
10 ifaskaVEmax na wid
qwiamax
gElkfil
x
illu'xt
daptma'x iLa xuba kxwo'dau iqwi'ax iLa'kcEnba pa^max; kxwo'dau i'tqî sa q u

;
idakli'nulmax 4 gigwaladamt gatcu'guikEl
kxwoMau gatd,
ihcwo'qcu hcEktgi'qxux* ka'nactmokct aya'gikal. / axa a'xtau itc.'E'xyan aya'xan gaga'-iloqxwim kxwo Qucti x x 15 dau pa^ itguna't kxwoMau ilna gun kxwoMau watsu iha
kxwo'dau aga'kwal, ka'nauwe dan pa

gatcu'cgam.
gagiu'klam.
A ga
r
Aga
20
la-it
gaktu'x
itlxlE'm
agagHak
x
aga
r
kVdux
;
ya xtau
gayutcu'ktix.
ya'lqdix'.
Aga gacdula-it Aga kxwo'pt
p!a la wi
gwa
aga gactu'-
galixo'xwix-
Aga
kxwo'pt galuxwiqla'xit idE'lxam.

:
Aga kxwo'pt
ga'uaxEmdix'. ga-
ctu'ya
Aga
25 dau
gwo'p aya'klic kxwo'dau aya'ckix* na'wit idio'qlba. a kxwo'pt galixhi'xwa-it Itcta'giutgwax icqle'yoqt.
na'ika gackEngEmatxa'ulutkwaitck a'kklic kxwo'-
Da'ukwa
itguna't
akcki'x-."
Aga
icqle'yoqt
kxwo'pt gatccE'luqxwim gatctcElu't kxwo'dau tfna'gun gatcltcElu't. Aga

;
kxwo'pt gacxklwa' icqle'yoqt; gwo'p gactu'ya.

1
He
sang while waving the blanket over his shoulders.

(see pp. 41-43)
The song
is
repeated
several times.
*
The Merman
itslxia'n
was the guardian of the fish-supply.
Compare
Chinook
("gambler's protector").
vessel.
He
stood
it
boy sang. "What has happened to him?" him, and then they said: he became Truly, glad because he had caught ground fish. Thus he sang: 1 "Atse', atse'! my feathered cloak waves
freely
Now
then
up on the ground. And then the all the people were looking on at
over me."
In truth,
it
was
ItclE'xyan's
virgin daughter
that
had given him
to eat.
then the boy had slept four nights he slept through And then he awoke-, a woman was night. sleeping with him. Very beautiful was the woman. Her
;
Now
the
fifth
hair
saw a mountain-sheep blanket covered over both of them, him and his wife. Truly, that woman was ItdE'xyan's daughter, (and) she had given him to eat; and plenty of "Chinook" salmon and sturgeon and blue-back salmon and eels, plenty of everything, she had brought. Now he married her. Now the woman made food, and it became daylight that morning. Then the two remained together quietly And all day, and they remained together for a long time.
;
was long, and she to here on her arms, 3 and number and he saw a and he designs inside
;
had bracelets reaching right up rings were on her fingers in great

house
all
covered with painted
then spring came. he lived with her).
And
then the people found out (that So then his paternal grandmother
maternal grandmother went across the river straight to his house. And then he thought to himself: "The Thus also on me did my patertwo old women are poor.
and
his
grandmother and my maternal grandmother take pity." So then he gave the two of them to eat he gave the old women salmon, and he gave them sturgeon. And then the two old women started home; they went across the river.
nal
;
8 4
This word
Indicated by gesture. is used indifferently of painted and basket designs.
144
kxwo'ba gacxu'x. Aga kxwo'pt idwo'tca ga"A2 itgu'nat Iga'blad ik!a'ckacba lu'xwax galu'gwakim kxwo'dau ilna'gun ta'blat kxwo'dau aga'kwal kxwo'dau watsu'iha." Ag' iltga' tslu'nus tslu'nus. K!a'ya dan itlxYalqdi'x'
;
:
IE'ITI
idElxa^ba;
wa
lu
:
ktu xt
idE'lxam.
Aga kxwo^t
galu'gwakim idE'lxam r Aga kxwo'pt wi t!a

x
"Alxa^tlikc alxu'ya ikla^kaciamt." x cta'niwad aya k!ic gwxi/p gactu'ya
aya
ckix*.
/5
gatgi
qlo^b itqîâ. Aga kxwo'pt Aga kxwo^t x idE^xam gwo p adatrix ikla^kaciamt.
10
Aga kxwo'pt
x
i'wi
i
gali'xux ikla'ckac;
tcu'guikEl
kxwo'pt galixh/xwa-it
gwo'p tgl't Aga "Naqx' itlu'ktix- da'ukwa na'ika Kxwo'pt aga gatci'ux ika'q tcpa'g galxangE'lEwoqlq." u ika'q gali'xux kxwo'dau iltga' galxu'x. Sa'q galuxwa'palala
:
idE'lxam
gas^xElutk iknfmba.
ga-
15 La-it tcxa' gatgi" idE'lxam. Yakla'mEla-ix- 1 gailtcqo'ba lixhi'xwa-it ikla'ckac "Da'ukwa na'ika galgE'ntx gaJ; : ;
xangE'lEwoqlq." Aga gwo'p gatgi'a itk!u'na-itc. wi't!a da'ukwa gatdu'x; ika'q idialxe'wulx gayu'ya Aga x k!m' ag' iltga gafxu'x. Aga wi'tla galuxwaYa-it mo'kctix;
wi'tla
20 galuxwa'La-it idE'lxam.
Aga
cta'im' icqe'yoqt galxi'la-it.
Qxe'dau
itkla'nl.
14.
COYOTE AND DEER. 2
Gayuya"
Aga a
Ag'
25
sklu'lEyE; na'wit gayu'yam itda'nkb' idio'qt. kxwo'pt cta'2xt. Aga kxwo'pt gali'kim isklu'lEyE
anxklwa'ya."
A'-u gatci'ux itc!a'nk.

8
Aga kxwo'pt
ige'wok
gatcagE'lg'
ia'fqba.
1
aq!e'wiqxe;
a-iLq!oa'2b
gatci'ux
Aga kxwo'pt
is,
gaqxi'lud
isklu'lEyE.
Kxwo'dau
without pity, with sinister thoughts. is perhaps only an incident in a longer tale of Coyote as unsuccessful imitator of the host. Compare Farrand, Traditions of the Quinault Indians, pp. 85 91, especially pp. 87, 88.
a
That
This myth
145
For a long time they were there. And then the story " Oh there is much got about, and (the people) said salmon and plenty of sturgeon and eels and blue-back salmon at the boy's." Now snow (had begun to fall) There was no food among the people gently, gently. the people were hungry. And then the people said
:
"Let us too go to the boy." Now then his paternal grandmother and his maternal grandmother again went across the river first. And then (they got) close to the house.
And
then a great
many people went
across the river to
the boy.
Now
the
then the boy turned his head and looked he saw And people crossing in a canoe in great numbers.
;
"It was not well thus (when) then he thought to himself: Then, indeed, he caused an east they abandoned me."
wind
snow.
to
arise
All
died
in
strong east wind arose and there was the water, the people were drowned.
1 "Thus they did to Badly the boy thought to himself: And me, they abandoned me." again others went across And them also he treated as before a strong the river. And again they died twice wind blew, and snow arose. the people died. And only the two old women remained.
;
;
Thus the myth.

14.
COYOTE AND DEER. 2

;
at Deer's Coyote went on and on straightway he arrived And then the two of them sat and sat. And house. "Now I shall go home." "Yes," said then Coyote said: And then he took a knife and just cut Deer to him. And then it was of meat from his body. off a
piece
given to Coyote.
a-i-
And
ease
he also stuck
which
the cutting
in
a piece of
wood
denotes
the
with
was done; the over-long a
the cut. in Lq!oa'2b implies the continuous slice-like character of
10
II.
146
galixElu'qfkwatck. Aga kxwo'pt 2l atH'wat. isklu'pa kxwo'pt Aga gattgE'lb' ih'a'gawulqt u hVmt IfiyE gaqli'lut. galixklwa'. Aga kxwo'pt itq
icia'gEtcb'
ikla'munaq
;
Aga wit!a'2 gayu'y' isklu'lEyE-, na'wit aga wit!' itcla'nkba. Aga wi'tla Lqlu'p gatci'ux ige'wok ia'fqba wi t!a gaqi'lut igeVok iskluÊyE. Kxwoâu wi'tla icia gEtcb' iklaûnaq
r
;
galixElu'qtkwatck pa 2t at!i wat. galigElb' iliaga wulqt x x x wi t!a isk.'u'lEyE gaqH lut. kx\v6 pt gatcii/lxam
;
;
Aga
itc!a
nk iskluÊyE:
r r
10 naika'ba."
isk!u lEyE
Aga "Cmaî pu waT agmu^wa p' amdi a A -u galfxux iskluÊyE. Aga kxw6 pt gal^kim ia^t.'ax "Itlu'ktix amdâ na ikaba ma'itlax."
r r x
:
A -u
r r
gatci'ux: "Ag' anu'ya qe dau gatciulxam.

x
na'itla
isk.'ulyEb'
idmrqJ;"
Aga
15 na/wit
kxwo'pt gayu'y'
gayu'yam.
itc!a
nk
isklu'lyab'
idio^l ya
x
xt!a-,
Aga kxwoâ
plala gayuâ-it itcla'nk.
Aga
kxwo'pt
igeVok
galixlu^wa-it iskluÊyE: r anilu'd' itc!a nk tsl^nus."
"Aga ya xt!ax Aga kxw6 pt gatca7
gElg' ^gikal gatcaxi'matcu wi'lxba. Aga kxwo'pt Lq!u p x Lx gatcu'xwa; kxwo'pt gacaxElqi Kxwopt gatsagagi'lak.
20 su'bEn'
r
itc!a
x
nk;
kxw6
pt
gatcûlxam
"Pla'l'
ax'
agax
gHak. aya'mElud' ige'wok." Aga kxwo'pt a-ix Lqlo^b gatcfux ige w6k ia'lqba kxwopt gaqxi'cElut ige ;
Na ik'
x
wok
25
isk!u lEyE
x
;
aya gikal.
KxwoMau
iiga'wulqt
isk!u lEyE
r
icia gEtc-
iamt gatdu x
gatdtcElu^ ilga'wulqt aya'gikal. itcla'nk kxwo'pt gali'xklw' idio'qliamt. Aga Aga kxwo'pt "Cma'ni pu wa'l' agEmdu'xwa p' amdu^-a gatcculxam x na ikaba."
:
Kxwo'pt gagiulxam agagHak
"
:
Imikia inl isk!u lEyE.

itcla'nk;
>
Ya'xtau Na'cqxi na'it!' itcla'nk. 30 nauwe can lu'qx afgii/xwa

itcge'wok.
si'klfilutk
x
ka
iaêwok.
Na cqxi
na'ik' itlu'kt'
ma'ik' iskluÊyE mxlu'idEt, mgoalilx x can isklulEyE; na'qxi pu Qe lu'qx algiu'xw' imige'wok. dau alugwagi'm' idElxam, 'Hme'mEluct ia'ixlEm isklulEyE.'"
Da'ukwa
into his nose.
And
then
then his blood flowed out

it
the bucket
was
full.
And
home
was given
to Coyote.
Now
then
he went
to the house.
Now
to
his
once more Coyote went, and again (came) straight Deer. And again he cut off a piece of meat from
body; again the meat was given to Coyote. And again he stuck in a piece of wood into his nose his blood flowed out the bucket was full. And again it was
;
;
" And then Deer said to Coyote If given to Coyote. ever you should be hungry, you should come to me." Coyote assented. And then Coyote, on his part, said: "It is well that you, on your part, should come to me."
:
"I, on my part, shall "yes" to him: Thus he spoke to him. Coyote's, house."
He
said
go
to your,
And
way he
then
then Deer,
arrived.
in turn,
Now
went to Coyote's house; straightthere Deer was sitting quietly. And
"Now I, in turn, shall Coyote thought to himself: So then he seized his wife give a little meat to Deer." and laid her down on the ground. And then he cut her, whereat the woman burst into tears. Then Deer jumped
" I shall Let the woman alone. up and said to him a of meat So then he just cut off piece give you meat." from his body then the meat was given to Coyote and And he caused blood to come out of his nose his wife. and gave the blood to Coyote and his wife. And then Deer started off home to his house. And then he said
:
to
the
two
"
:
If
ever you
two should be hungry, you
should go to me." Then the woman said to (Coyote): "You are wicked, Look at that Deer; everyone I am not Deer. Coyote. will swallow his meat. My meat is not good. Likewise
you,
Coyote,
is
are
different
No
one would ever eat
you, Coyote, are a person. your meat. Thus people will

;
say, 'Coyote
an eater of dead things.
'*
148
15.
COYOTE AND SKUNK. 1

isklu'lEyE.
Ipli'cxac
io'uxix
Aga kxwo'pt iatcgE'mEm

gatciu'lxam
isklu'lEyE
:
gali'xux
ipli'cxac.
Aga
kxwo'pt
"A'wi ag'
wam
5
Aga'nuid anigE'lgay' idia'geaniulxa'm' anigE'lgay' icka'lax, alimgi'la-ida." Aga

aqxEmgi'la-ida.
:
kxwo'pt gatctu'lxam idfi'lxam isklu'lEyE idakligo'ugoti

ayugwi'la-id' ickaâx."
"A^'
Aga kxwo^t
x
gatclgE'lg' iltcklwi'an.
Aga kxwo^t gatdilux

a ga
x
x
tt
iaq!a itsgElitb'
ipl^cxac.
Kxwopt
gayugwi la-it ickaâx. Aga kxwo^t galiîm icka'x lax: K!a y' iatcgE'mEm ia^qba, sa'q u iaMm' iawa'nba." 10 Qucti axa ta^m' iliaÎitcxa aya^xucqxuc iawa^b' ip!i cxac.
r r
iskli/kyE: "Ag' algiu'kla L alixu'nudama.'' wix, Aga kxwo'pt gatctulxam 7 nauwi e wi amcgiubuâtcgwa amcgigE'lg' iapu'tcba."
Kxwopt gal^kim
"Ka
Aga
tclu'x
kxwo x pt gaqiu
15
gatcl^xux
pli'cxac.
it^tcla'nk.
x
kctpa. x iltck!wi an.
Aga Aga kxw6 pt

x
11
kxvvo'pt
gatclgE lga
Aga kxwo'pt sa^ Aga kxwo^t iskluÊyE gayu

x
gala-ixElqxu'cqxuc ix galuxwo'La-it idak!a itsax

r
pga.
x
Aga kxwo^t
x
wi Iwi gatcti/x
it$tc!a
nk idak!a
x
;
itsax.
ip!i
Adapxlfumax gacxac sa q u
:
tci^gwig' isklu'lEyE safq
gatcu gwig'
tkLlfili-
20 yuxt.
Aga kxw6
r
pt gatciulxam isklulEyE
"Daukw' a'ga
ma^k'
ilaÎaxc ipxli'u. ilmiqleyo^tikc kl^y' x Na'ik' isklulEyE ilkq!e yoqtikc tfa^xlEm ipxiru." Aga kxwo'pt w^tla gactuâ-it; plala gatcxEÊmux itip!i
7
cxac
ge wok. x 25 gali xux idE^xam
Ag' ia^qdix*
x
gacti/la-it.
ip!i
cxac.
Aga
wi'tia
it^tcla^k
t!a
idaga^lax.
r
iatcgEÊm gatctulxaâm isklu'lEyE Wi x t!a da'ukwa gacxu xx.
Aga
wi
t!a
Aga
1
wi
iatcgEÊm
gali
xux
ipli'cxac.
Aga
wi
t!a gatc-
ipli'cxac) is translated to apply better to the
Compare Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 79-89, where ip'.e'cxac (= Wishram as "badger." The Kathlamet story, however, would seem
skunk than
to the
badger; and
it
is
possible, as confidently
149
15.
COYOTE AND SKUNK.

his
There were Coyote and
younger brother Skunk.

then
Now
him:
shall
then
Skunk got
sick.
And
will
Coyote
said to
"Brother,
now you
be doctored.
Surely,
get a medicine-man-, I shall get Raven, I shall tell him and he will doctor you." And then Coyote told the
people
"
(who were to act

is
as)
drummers
to
beat time
going to doctor." And then he got some Then indeed pitch and stuck it up into Skunk's rectum.
Now Raven
Raven
sick
in
doctored.
his
And
it
then
all
Raven
said:
"He
is
not
body,
is
in
his belly alone."
In truth,
in
Skunk had only excrement and discharges

his belly.
of wind
Then
Coyote said:
"Now
let
us
take
my
younger
brother outside, he will go to urinate." And then he said to them: "All of you will go and slowly lift him up, you will take hold of him by his anus." So then he was
carried out.
And
out
he
pulled
then (Coyote) took hold of the (pitch) And then Skunk the pitch from him.
;
discharged wind. And then the small deer all died. Now then Coyote went out. And then he closely examined
the
all
little
deer.
Coyote took
all
the fat ones,
Skunk took
then Coyote said to him: "Just so, indeed, your ancestors, O skunk, were" not fond of fat; my, Coyote's, ancestors were eaters of fat."
the lean ones.
And
And
pieces
then
of
the
two of them lived together again

ate
in
the
to-
meat they
quiet.
Now
they lived
gether for a
And again Skunk got sick. And long time. again Coyote went to tell the people, the big deer. Again And again Skunk got the two of them did as before.
sick.
And
again
Coyote went
to
tell
the
people,
the
affirmed by my interpreter, that there is here an error informant. Skunk is ap'.e'sxas in Kathlamet.
on the
part of the Kathlamet
150
Wi't!a tulxa'mam isklu'lEyE idE'lxam icpuxyati'nmax. da'ukwa gacxu'x. Aga wi't!a iatcgE'mEm gali'xux ipli'cxac.
qwiq.
5
Aga wi't!a gatctulxa'mam isklu'lEyE Aga wi'tla da'ukwa gacxu'x.

:
idE'lxam itkxa'-
Kxwopt HagwE'nEmix' ipli'cxac iatcgE'mEm gali'xux. gatciu^xam iskluÊyE imuâgEmax "Amci/y', ayuaâ gwila-id' idia'gewam, go'u gou amcxu'xwa." Aga kxwo^t
x
imu'lagEmax idio'qliamt iskluÊyE. x gatctilux ihck!wi an ioîxix iakla^tsgElitba.

y'
gayu
Kxw6 pt
r
a ga
7
Aga kxw6
pt
10 gayuxwila-it imuâgEmax. ickalax. Aga kxwo^t gou
Aga
r
kxwo^t
r
gayugwi'la-it
go
:
gali
xux imi^lagEmax.
Qxe dau galiglaâmtck

"A'i-ma wa'
icka^lax
tckti
al-gix-
ta'-
xa
L.'a'k
wagwa'-
liâi'-ma
wa'-
tckti
al-gix7
ta'-
xa cu'
cu'
cu'."
r
15
Aga kxw6
itcu'xwix-
pt
gal^kim
x
isk.'ulEyE:
"Ag' algiukctba ya
r
ag'
alixu'nudama."
;
ipli'cxac
imulagEmax
isklu'lEyE
gaqi ukctba LaÊnix-.

ca'xalix'
ya/niwad
Aga kxwo^t gatciÊlg' Aga kxw6 pt La'xEnixgal^xux. Aga

2
r x
Kxwopt ka nauwe 20 gaqigE lga; gaqiubu'natck ip.Tcxac. Kxwopt dadakda'k xux ihck!wi an. gatcli iskli/lfiyE Aga kxwo pt gatcluwaqli'tcxa, gala-ixElqxu^qxuc. GatssubEnaû imuâgEmax kxwo^t
x x
gatcigE^g' io'uxix' i^nalxatba.

x
da'kdak gatcu'xwa watcE^x;

gayi/mEqt.
25
r
sa
gayu'ba.
K!a ya dan
/
Wi t!a gatctu^xamam iskluÊyE idElxam itq u ctxi Lawa. Aga gaqrulxam "Na/cqx' antcu'ya." - "Qucti'axa na qx'
x
:
itli^kti
cki
xax
isklu'lEyE
k!ma
x
ip!i
cxac
cma'ni wi
t!a ali-
di'mama
1
isklu'lEyE
aga na qx'
to
alxu'ya,"
gali'kim yaga^l
These two words seem

the
Skunk has nothing

with grass.
matter
is
have no assignable significance. Raven means that with him, except that his belly is all filled up
Cu' cu' cu'
whispered.
Again the two of them did as before. And again Coyote went again Skunk got sick.
antelopes.
And
to tell
the
people,
the
wild
mountain-sheep.
sick.
And
again
the
two of them did as before. For the fifth time Skunk got
said to the elks:
will
So then Coyote
medicine-man
"You people
shall
shall go, the
doctor,
you
to
Coyote's house.
his
then the elks went he Then, indeed, put some pitch up
drum."
And
into
sat
And then the elks younger brother's rectum. down. Now then Raven doctored. And then the
drummed.
(his
elks
Thus Raven sang:

L!ak wagwa'li;
1
1
"Only grass
is
is
filled
into
belly),
only grass
filled
into
(his belly), cu' cu' cu'."
"Now let us carry out my Coyote said: he and will younger brother, go and urinate." And then the elks took hold of Skunk and he was carried outside. Now then Coyote was first on top, 3 outside of the house. And then he took hold of his younger brother by his
then
head-hair.
And
was
lifted up.
And
all
then
the pitch from him. he defecated and discharged wind. The elks
off,
Then he was taken hold Then Coyote removed

cleared
of the
of (by)
all
Skunk
jumped
out.
underground lodge, and
all
them died. 8 Again Coyote went to tell the people, the large deer. "We will not go." - - "Truly, Coyote But he was told: and Skunk are not good. If Coyote comes again, then we shall not go," said the big deer. Then Coyote said
went
:
None
The
exit
to
Coyote's house
(watcE'lx,
roof.
"underground lodge, cellar")
is
here
implied to
3
have been by way of the
u Itq ctxi'Lawa properly
means deer and other kinds of big game.
152
itcla'nk.
Aga
gali'kim iskki'lEyE:
;
go'u gou amcxu'xwama Kxwopt gafgiu'lxam isklu'lEyE:

wi't.'a
"Ag' amcu'ya wi'tlax iatcgE'mEm itcu'x^x- igi'xux."

,
"K.'a'y' ag' antcu'ya."

:
Aga
iwa't
;
amcu'ya
Gatch/lxam gayu'ya icpuxyati'nmax. "Ag' x wi t!ax goî gou amcxu^wama iatcgF/mEm

;
:
itcuîx- ig^xux." Galgiulxam "Klafy' ag' antcuâ." x x t iwa wi^la Wi r t!a da x ukwa gaya itkxa^wiq. gayu Aga
Ifxux.
Aga
wi
t!a
daukwa
10 gah/ya.
gali'xux.
imuâgEmax. Wi t!a KIwa'c galu xwax idE^xam k!a ya can

iwa
t
gayu ya
x
6.
RACCOON AND
ayak.Tc.
HIS
GRANDMOTHER. 1
r x
x
Aga kxw6
x
;
pt
x
gatcu xtg'
gal^y' ayak!i c ik!wa yatba. x x gagugwa'lEmam agu lul a xt!a galu'yam
Aga kxwo^t
x
Aga
;
agu lul. kxwo'pt

agu'lul
kla'y'
ik!wa yatba.
15
xalix*
Aga kxw6
x
pt gal^y' itq'Jia'int.
;
Aga
x
kxwo'pt
ca
r x
gagiugwHx aya
ia'gttcba
;
k!ic
iaîtcba
,
gagiugwilx
kxwoMau kxwoâu
x
wi
t!a
mank
wft!'
ayacqu ba
gagiugwi'lx
ga gagiugwHx
aya itcba mo'kctix'.
17.
THE RACCOON
x x
STORY.
x
Cdi/xt iqla'lalEc
aya
k!ic
aq!e yuqt.
x
Kwapt tcagwa
x
x
-ix
7
Ani x aga q!E m qlEm nixu kwapt ackdi^xulal itgi/lul. r 20 xwax iqlaâlEc qxEdumi tck!inan aga La x gagiu xwax. Aga kwo'pt iklEmaân gatci uxwax aîma aklalala^takc
x
;
gatcu'xwa.
1
Ya'xtlax
is
kfnwa agiulxaâ:
the
"A'-ima at!u k-
This short text
merely a fragmentary version of the myth that next follows.
It
supplements the
latter,
however, by
somewhat more
detailed explanation
153
people shall go; again you shall go and drum. My younger brother has become sick." Then they said to "We shall not go now." Then he went off Coyote:
"Now you
"Now you them: people shall go; again you shall go and drum. My younger brother has become sick." They said to him "We shall not go now." Then he went off again to the big-horn sheep. Again his experience was as before. Then he went off again to the elks. Again his experience was as before. The people had become afraid; none of
again
to
the
antelopes.
He
said to
them went.
6.
RACCOON AND
HIS
GRANDMOTHER. 1
were Raccoon and his paternal grandmother. And then he stole the acorns. Now then his paternal grandmother went to the cache. And then she too went to get acorns. She arrived there were no acorns in the And then she went to the house. And then his cache. paternal grandmother whipped him on his nose and again she whipped him on his nose a little above and again she whipped him on his forehead then she whipped him
;
There
twice on his
tail.
17.
THE RACCOON
STORY.
Raccoon and
were
his
paternal grandmother, an old
woman,
was summer, then living together. Now finally Raccoon got to they used to gather acorns. be lazy in picking them the sun made him (so). And then he became angry; he gathered only acorns with She used to tell him too, but in vain: worm-holes.
it
;
Whenever
it
gives
of the markings of the raccoon.
With both
versions
cf.
Boas, Kathlamet
Texts, pp.
142-154.
154
timax amitckH'nanimtck."
"Kla'ya!"
Aga
iklEtna'kan
wao'u gatci'ux; aga kla'ya gatcumi'tckli.

TcaxE'lqfix
galixu'xwix.
Kwopt
k!a'ya
wa'lu
x
gagi'ux.
Ya'xi
yuxt
fxfliu;
ga'n
yuxt
:
qxa'ngi n
wa'wa.
Kwopt
5 aya'klic
x
muxt, ga'ya? "Qxa'ngiska ga gagiu'lxam "Da^ au aya^nluda ?" Wa'lu tci gmuxt?" A-i gatcu'x. Iwa dan gagixn^ma kfnwa. "Klaâ!" Kwopt gagiul-
A -i, ak!i "Qxa'ngi pu iya^lut agu'lul?" x ama^luda." Gagiu lxam "Amu'ya itxaklwa'yatamt."
xam
a
x
:
c,
10
"A'-i" gatcu
x
yu
ix
GatcagE lgax acda k!walq kwo pt gaGw^nma icdaklwaâtamt, gatci/gwalmam agulul.

xwa.
;
icdaklwaât. Gayuâm. Kwopt L!a g gatcu xwax aîxt a'niwad na'wid galixE^mux a'niwat sa'q
11
. ;
Wi
15 w^tla
t!ax
a'-ixt
11
;
L!a
g gatcu'xwa; galixElmux galixE'lmux

x
sa'q
a'-ima
aq!a ptcxaq
kwo dau
ak.'alala^takc
x
Gatcdalq!e latcu itq!a pgatcu'Lxum. r x r tcxaqukc kwo dau itklalala^takc wi t!a iklwaâtamt. Wi x x x r t!ax a -ixt Lla'g gatcu xwa alalu n aga ya xdau Lla'g gatca^gwilxl;
tcu x.
x
sa q u
Wi t!a
20 gatci/Lxum.
da uka mEq mE'q galixE^mux, dasaq u sa q u Wi x t!a da x uka gatcalqleâtcu aq!a x ptcxaq
/
kwo dau
galglu'ma
ak!alala x u takc.
:
Alala kt
ilgwalilx lixElwrtcatk mank wi'tlax

;
"Kla'lalac
r
Kwopt GaVE!" iklu'xtgalal 7 "Kla galixE'ltcmoq da ukwa

g
gatci/x.
!
L!a
lalac ikliTxtgalal
;"
kwo dau
t!a
ya gasi^lutk.
25
Aga
"Klaâ!
Tnti."
gatcagE^gElx
at!a ntsa
a-igiît.
Gatcu^xam
x
Na qxi
x
ngu^tgElal;
Lla
x
ignu'lxam
r
agi k!ic;
x
kwopt
:
AlagwE'nma
:
g gatcu'xwa.
,
Kwopt
x
gatca'gElxim
x
x
ma it!a." Aga gala-igEluâ q!wa p gagi ux. Ga" tcu^xam Aga kw6 ba lq!a p na qxi anwi d ik!wa yatba
"Mti
x x
;
155
"Keep picking only the good
ones!"
"No!"
all.
And he
got angrier than ever and picked none at
Winter came on and he was hungry. Yonder he sits back in the house silent he sits, saying nothing. Then " his paternal grandmother said to htm Wherefore do you sit silent, grandson? Are you hungry ?"-- "Yes," he answered her. "What, pray, shall I give you?" She showed him all sorts of things, but to no purpose. u No !" Then she said to him: "How would it be if (he said.)
;
:
gave you acorns?"- -"Yes, grandmother, you shall give them to me." She said to him: "You shall go to our
I
He took their basket "Yes," he said to her. and went on to their cache he went to get acorns. They had five caches. He arrived there. Then he uncovered one of them, the first; immediately he ate up all (there was in) the first. Again he uncovered one of them again he ate and ate all there was. Only the shells and the worm-eaten acorns he always threw away. He ate up everything. The shells and worm-eaten acorns he swept back down into the cache. Again he uncovered one, the third also that he uncovered. Again, as before, he chewed and
cache."
;
;
of the (acorns). Again, as before, he swept the shells and worm-eaten acorns down into the He uncovered the fourth. Then a certain per(cache).
ate,
ate
up every
bit
"Raccoon is stealing! ho!" He listened. After a short while he heard (him shout) again, as be"Raccoon is stealing!" and he looked carefully. fore
son shouted:
:
Then he caught sight of Crow coming towards him. He said to her: "No! I am not stealing. My paternal
grandmother told He uncovered the
me
fifth
(to
get acorns), that's
why
came."
(cache).
Then he
called her:
"Do
;
you too come
!"
So she went up
"
:
He
said to her
Now
to him, approached him. there (you have come) far enough
156
q!wa'p amdi'a.
gi'ux.
Aga
;
Aic yaxi'mt ayamgEHa'dnihna." A'-i gakwo'pt galixE'lmux a'xka itcakla'mEla a'xka

;
tcagEtta'dnil
a'xka
u u agak!a'lalax takc iwa'tka L!a'x atcu-
la'daya.
Aga
qxi'dau galacxElmux.
Kwopt gatculxam
x
"Klaâ maîx amnu'xwa."

gatcalqleâtcu aqla^tcxaq; x a xka gatca'lkitk.
-i
x
gagi ux.
x
Wi'tla da uka
qxa wat
waba na galaMxux,
Gal^xklwa.
icdaklwa'yatamt.
x
Aga
x
ia'Lqdix
kwo dau
x
a xt!a galu'ya aya k!ic

7
Adi a'-ima Galu'yam. L!a g gagi'ux. r kwo Aîxtba da uka. dau 10 aq!a ptcxaq aklalala^takc. x x 7 KanEmgw^nma da uka L!a g. Gala xk!wax. Galu'yam
;
Qxuct a'ngadix gali xpcut aba xEtba. x da GagigE lgax uya yuxt klaîc tcianxaâwunxt ayaÎic. 7 Gagi gElga iklaûnoq gagrugwilx iaîtcba. GacixE !x 15 qxiJ gairkta, gayi/gaba. Wi t!ax gagiu^welx aga da uka
k!a ya
x
iq.'alalEc.
qxida u
gagiu'gwelx
gagiugwelilxl. Gagi kE'mkit aya^tcba.

x
uwa
saq gayugwa'pam Ya'xdaif qxiMau da'uya

;
wfgwa
iqlaâlEc
fc'l
tel
iage kau,
kwo ba ya'xdau
qxi dau
gagiugweîlxtemx.
20
Kwopt yaxka'ba gairkim

minwa;
k!a ya
x
wi't.'ax
"Aga anu ya da Kwopt agEngElgElaâ ag^klic."

iq.'aâlEc
x
:
"La p Lap 1 igl nux agl k!ic. Qxi dau gal^kim x x La p Lap igfnux agfklic." qxida u gayu'ya. La'x Aga x gayug-wa^xwam idE^xam uxwa qxt uxwa^gEnil wakla^kal.
gairktcax.
:
25
Gatgii/lxam
na'wit
x
"Amtl'a;" gatgigi'luma.
K!a ya gatctu kct;

7
"Ha ha ha'," galuxwak!a yagayu ya yuqxwfilqt. x wulakmtck, "ga'nwitca iqlalakc nigi'katxtk ya'xdau qxi ,
La'p Lap
is
said to
mean "whip"
in the
myth language
of Raccoon.
157
do not come right up to the cache. I'll just throw you And "Yes," she said to him. (acorns) from a distance." then he ate those which were bad, those he always threw to her. Those that were worm-eaten he would throw in her direction. And thus the two of them ate. Then he said to her: "Don't you tell on me." "Yes,"
;
she said
down
over
Again, as before, he swept the shells into the (cache). A few of his (acorns) were left
to
him.
those he packed into the (cache). He went^ home. Then a long time (elapsed), and his She arpaternal grandmother also went to their cache.
rived
She uncovered it. Alas there were only shells and worm-eaten acorns. Similarly in another one. uncovered. She went home. She all were five Similarly arrived there. Raccoon was nowhere to be seen. In truth, he had already concealed himself in the rear of the house. She seized him here, where he was sitting, looking up smilingly at his paternal grandmother. She took hold He cried, ran of a stick and whipped him on his nose. Once more she whipped him, off, ran out of the house. She foland, as before, she thus kept whipping him.
there.
!
lowed him, and at him at the tip of
last
his
he got quite outside; she whipped That is why to-day Raccoon's tail.
;
back
him.
is
black in places
it
is
thus wherever she whipped
Then Raccoon
for
said to himself:
good
never again shall

cried.
my
go away paternal grandmother see

I
"Now
said:
shall
me."
Then he
Thus he
"My
paternal
grandmother whipped me!" And thus he went on. He approached people (who) were assembled together, gamThey said to him: "You shall come;" bling at shinny. He did not look at them at all they shouted to him.
;
he went straight ahead, wailing. "Ha, ha, ha!" they all been stealing, that is why laughed, "oh, yes! Raccoon has
dau
k!wa
5
x
yuqxwE'lqt."
fa
Gallium
La'p
wi't.'ax
"La'p
agl'nux agl'kllc.
mcki'xax
Lap igl'nux agl'k!lc. klma'dEnux na'ya La'p

Wi't!a La'x gali'xux
x r r
Lap igl'nux Emca'dEnux Lap

igl'nux
agl'klic."
Na'wit gayu'ya.
x
x
adi'
:
wao'u
idfi'l-
xam ifga'bElat. Wi t!ax da ukwa gatgigHuma "Amtfa." a La p Lap igl'nux agfkllc. La p Wi t!a da ukwa gairkim: - "Ha ha ha Lap igi'nux agfkllc." iq!a lalEc nigiâtxtk
7 x
x
!
nigi'twaq aya k!ic," r 10 da ukwa gal^kim

:
gatgiu^waîmtcgwax idE^xam. Wi t!a " EmcaMsnux k!wa xla mckfxax k!ma x x
dEnux na ya La p Lap igfnux agfkllc."
Aga mank ya xi gayuxwaLa'gwa. gayugwa^wamx itklaûnoq ka nawi

x
Gayu'ya na'wit dan yuk'wa^xat

x
ba gayula-it aga ga n nixu xwax sqxiYak. x 1 15 Kwopt gayak!aLxi wulx aslaâitk agaklaûnoq kwopt
ilxEÊm.
;
Kw6
gala-ixf/lmux aslaVaitk. r x a xt!ax aya'klic qlE^ctu galaxu xwax galaxlu^wa-it: Aâ " Luxwa x n da^bamat qxi x dau nini x txa itcgi x yEn aga anyu; ;
na'xLama."
20
Kwo^t Galaktca^max "Aâ

:
galaxE ltxwitck.
witcigfyEn
Aga kw6
7
pt galu ya.
3
Ga'iya witciglyEn!
Iniu^ witcigfysn. Gatcwa'qDa^giyaâma La p Lap wax aql^xcap Da uka itgaklu'Ama^toq ganu^wax

k!u.
Ga'iya
witcigfyEn
r
Gatcanlu^lamx
aq!e xcap
Ama^toq ganu xwax

25
x
Ir: "3 Iwa'tka itgaklu'klu.'
Yu gwaxt
li
;
xux nun ahigwa'ya

1
iqlaâkc a-ixiâx aslaVaitk. Kwopt i wi gax r gatcagE^kEl a dit. Plala gayugwaâ-it ga n. Iltsir"
dfi'm-f,
alaglu'maya
Ma'ika
tci
ga'ya
?"
Species uncertain.
It is
In
the corresponding Kathlamet
myth
the
word asEla'wa
is
translated "haws."
2
to
use both
customary in Wishram, when apostrophizing a relative, as in mourning, the non-pronominal vocative and the 1st per. sing. poss. form of
159
he
is
crying."
!
Again he
said:
"My
paternal grandmother
-
whipped me You people,
paternal grandmother whipped indeed, are happy; but as for me -
My
me my
!
paternal grandmother whipped me !" on he went. Straight Again he
approached (some
again.
shall
people); behold! there were as before, they shouted to
many people
him:
Again
come."
"You
"My paternal grandmother me! whipped My paternal grandmother whipped me!" "Ha, ha, ha! Raccoon has been stealing. His paternal grandmother killed him," the people made fun of him.
Again,
before,
as
he said:
"You people, indeed, are happy, Again, as before, he said but as for me my paternal grandmother whipped me."
:
he passed by them, a little farther ahead. went straight on (until) he came to trees (on which)
sorts
Now
He
all
down and growing. remained quiet for a short time. Then he climbed up on a berry 1 bush. Then he ate the berries.
of
food
were
There he
sat
Now
sad.
his
paternal
grandmother,
"I
;
for
her part, became

I
She thought: grandson in that way
don't
I
know why
shall
treated
my
She
2
now
go and look
for him."
Then she got ready

cried:
to go.
And
then she went.
"Oh,
not
my
I I
grandson! grandson,
know
son,
why
whipped
my
it,
grandson.
I my grandson! He killed a fawn

;
a breech-clout
made
!
of
thus with
its
hoofs on.
;
Grand-
my
I
grandson
of
it,
He
brought
me
a fawn
its
a breech-
clout
made
just that way, with
hoofs on." 3
berries.
Raccoon
he was
was
perched
to look,
Then he turned
sitting
eating the and saw her coming.

top,
on
Quietly
bird
above, saying nothing. its flew, whirring wings, she would shout:
if
Whenever a
my
father!").
"Is that you,

Compare
the noun (as a'ca wagi'xan
one were
to
say
in
English:
first
"Papa,
song, p. 94. 3 The exact rhythmical values of the syllables of this song are undetermined, as the myth was written down and forwarded by my interpreter.
("my daughter!")
in the
i6o
I'wi
alaxu'xwax
:
kla'ya ilgwa'filx.
lixhi'xwa-it
"Aga
Wi'tla uqxwE'lqt. Gawa'wa anu'xwa." Kwopt wi't!a galix-
lu'xwa-it
"Kwa'tqxa na'qxi wa'w' ana'txax.

wi'tlax
Aic anuitlu'kdix
:
Kwopt wa'gwa." 5 anakxaluda'itcgwa."

a
nixhi'xwa-it
"Aic
;
Aga gala-igu'gwamx
x
:
gagiu'lxam
x
Ma ika
x
tci
tcu^xam.
ga ya?" Ga'n yugwa'xt; k!a ya qxa ngi ga"Ma x ika ga'ya?" Kla'ya K^nwatci gagiulxam
waVa
gatcu'xwa.
Kwopt gagiu'lxam
10 k!wat
"Na
x
it!ax asla'wait."
Kwopt k!wa
qxwaL
"
gatcu'xwax pa L ifia'kcEn;
r
qxwa'i,
:
gatcda'i'xa
luxwax
/
waqxa
x
;
ts
asla'wait.
Gatculxam
x
/
Ca/x u
imi k cxat
na ika ayamli/da."
x
Kwopt da ukwa
galaxu'-
xwax. GatcagE llada daqxwa L itca k u cxat. Nanqlwa'Lguxit; x ki'nwa gagiulxam ihcqwa'. K.'aâ gayu'ya. Aga kwo pt
15 galaxcgrialEmtck. Kwopt ni kta k^nwa k!ma a ngadix x r aga axElu idat na xux ma'nk aga duûlu galu'kwa.
;
Lgwap
ki'nwa
gali ktcax
iqlalakc
ki
nwa gatcuValalEmtck
8
;
atcagE'lgaya. 7 "Ak.Tc mti
aga
-,
20 aga atxklwaâ." 1 gala'xux pEsps

x
ki^watci alugwalalma k!a ya wi'tlax qxfdau ayamu xwa aga Ki nwa gatcu'walalsmtck aga a -ic pE s7 gala xux acmu'dmud aka xdau Jqxuct
:
Du'du
x
aya
k!ic
iqlaâlEc.
x
Aga kwo
gatciu'lxam
:
pt
ya'-ima
ni'xux.
Aga
dala-
gayu'ya.
cda'-ima.
Na wid galig^gwam
Kwopt
2
isklu'lyE.
Aga
r
gacduâ-it
mia',
"Klaâ ya
xi
25 afx Iqla^ algEmi/xwa wala'lap
da'ngi ilaklaÊlamax."
Aga
!
kwo
pt
gayu ya
to
iqla'lalac
wiÎa
galigu'qwam
fact
A
No
it
sound supposed
signifies
be characteristic of the pheasant. explanation could be obtained of the meaning of wala'lap beyond the
that
that
some
sort of mythical being.

it
One
of the old
men
of the tribe said
Coyote himself did not know what
was, but merely wished to excite Rac-
grandson?"
at
I
She would turn

wails.
to look;
it
was not a person
all.
Again she
talk
I
shall
!
to
her."
"Now thought to himself: Then again he thought: "Never

her.
I
He
mind
shall
not
Then again he Now with her."
just kill her." I shall just associate kindly thought "Is she reached him. She said to him
shall
"
:
talk to
that you, grandson ?" He is perched on top, saying nothing In vain she said to him he said nothing at all to her.
"
Is
that you, grandson ?" He did not speak to her at all. Then she said to him: "(Let) me also (have) some
!"
berries
Then he picked them
(until)
his
hand was
full
he stuck thorns into the berries.
"Open she Then I shall some." mouth wide and give you your mouth. fill her as to her so did thus. He threw them at just She choked she tried to tell him (to get) water, but in vain. He did not go (for it). And then she rolled about. Then he ran (after her), but in vain, as she had already become A short time elapsed and she flew: du'lulu. different. Raccoon burst out crying. He kept running after her,
;
He
said to her:
but
cess.
in
he would try to seize her, but without sucShe would keep flying about du'du. In vain (he
vain
;
:
Not again called to her): "Grandmother, come now! He kept Let us now go home." shall I do thus to you. following her about, but in vain now she just uttered That same paternal grandmother of Rac"Ps'spEsps." So then he recoon, in truth, had become Pheasant. mained alone. Then he went on. Straightway he came Now they two lived together alone. Then to Coyote.
: ;
(Coyote) said to him:

'wala'lap'
will
"Do
-
meet you
not go far away, perhaps a 2 they are wicked beings."
And
then Raccoon went on again and came to Grizzly
coon's curiosity so as to get a chance to waylay him, kill him, and eat him. Comthe wa'LixLax invented by Coyote pare Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 152-154, where The rest of the myth was given Wishram the to wala'lap. evidently correspond as a second instalment, and there is evidently a break in the narrative.
II.
l62
"Qxa'ngi gamxa'tx iklwa'qwa. - "Gana'dla aksklu'tsian

;
ya'xdau
imiga'tcba tel?"
wax
5
gadanxi'tx itlasxu'ait
na'itla
amnu'xwa,
a'wi."
aga kwo'pt galanxi'tlagwa, kwopt kwo'dau ihi'nut." "Da'ukwa "Cma'ni au imiga'iLmxac yaxa
r
:
"Daukwa dauka ayamu'xwa." Kwopt niki'm ik!wa qwa nikl'm amnu'xwa." "AM," iqla'lalac. Aga kwo'pt gacu ik!wa sa qwa, q gacgi/la. Kwopt gula ayaksklu'tsian x Kwopt galixxaMma q!wu q!wul ga cktux itlasxu'ait. x aksklu^sian ik!wa qwa kwopt gatca-ila gwa iyaga^cba. x 10 Nawit wa x gatcti'gux itlasxu'ait k!ma ilu nut. Kwopt
x r r l r
;
gayugwo'ba, galigE'ltaqxh
Kwopt gayuya';
a
gatciu^xam
tsian."
nawit isklu'liya galigu'qwam. Kwopt x lk!wa qwa tcE^ndwad, ina-ila^wa aksk.'u^

r
Kwopt
x
;
gatcii/pcut.
x
Kwopt
isklu'liyE gatcigE lga

r
15 itclHaq
a-ite
l-|-
gatci ux iya'gatcba.
isklu'liyE,
Kwopt
x
lu q!
gateaux.
Kwopt
laqukc.
galaMxilupct
wax gatciuÊmaxix
Vx
gatctux, qxaLla'lEt. itqxadu tinkc.

x
Kwopt
gatci
u
:
uwa;
na wit
tci
-
galigElda'tcgwam
itk.'a^kac, di'ka
1
Gatcûlxam
Na qxi
-
ilmgrdatcgwam
:
20 itcE'ntqxa iJgi'nlux."
x
"Tdi'tqxala tclitqxala',"
isklu'liyE
tci
il-
gali'kim.
x
Wi t!a gatciugwa^tcxugwa
x 7
;
"Na^xi
k!a ckac ilmgrdatcgwam ?" "Ha "Tcl^tqxala tclitqxala'." x x 7 ha, k!a ya na^tla itcdamaûl, awi." (Yaxa a ngadix Iu q!
r
a-ite !-)- gateaux iyaga tc iqla'lalac diwi.) laq x a /8 dala Ex luq! inh/x angaMix."- "Tclaîau, a x 25 Yamu'xulal,
gatci'ux
itc!i
mxux," gali'kim
x
ik!wa qwa.
te'l
Kwopt ax
ni'xux isk!u liyE
lba ilgwa'lilx galigE
tfa'gatc.
Kwopt
1
ga'nwit gatdu'gwalEqxL la xka da ula i^gwaîlx.

is
This word
apparently quite meaningless.
It is
perhaps a humorous con-
tortion of
itc'.i'laq
("grasshopper").
63
do to yourself so as to be striped black on your nose?" "I sharpened an adze. And then I hit myself with it, then poured black pitch and urine on myself." "You shall do thus to me too, younger
Bear.
did you
"What
brother!"
to
- "If
indeed you are nervy, then
you."
-
Then
to me."
Grizzly-Bear said: "All right," said Raccoon.
do thus "You shall do thus And then the two

I
shall
of
them sharpened Grizzly-Bear's adze, sharpened

;
it
per-
Then they prepared the black pitch very hurriedly. fectly. Then Grizzly-Bear lay down then (Raccoon) hit him on
the nose with the adze.
pitch
and urine on him. Then he went on and on straightway he came to " Then he said to him Coyote. Grizzly-Bear is following me, I hit him with an adze." Then he hid him. Then Coyote took a grasshopper and just made him black on his nose. Then he swallowed him. Then Coyote started a fire and made it blaze near the grasshoppers. He magically
,
:
Immediately he poured the black Then he ran out and left him.
transformed them, (so that) they appeared to be children. Then (Grizzly-Bear) pursued him straightway he came
;
"Did not a boy come upon Coyote. "Tcli'tupon you? He made a scar on me right here." 1 him: asked he said qxala, tclitqxala'," Again Coyote. "Did not a boy come upon you?" "Tdi'tqxala, tditqxa2 la'." "Ha, ha! I, for my part, do not speak Molale, younger brother!" (Indeed, (Coyote) had already swallowed the grasshopper; he had just made his nose black "I'll tell you, perhaps (to make him look) like Raccoon.) I swallowed him some time "Let's see, then, vomago."
said to
He
him:
said Grizzly-Bear. Then Coyote vomited; a person came out of him whose nose was black. Then, surely, he recognized this person as him. Then
it!"
2
Molale
is
the western dialect of the Waiilatpuan stock.
164
ni'kim iklwa'qwa: "Qxa'ngi aic ga'mxatx yaxdau imikla'itsEm !" "Cma'ni au imiga'iLmxac yaxa pu da'uka x ma'it.'ax ayamu'xwa na'ika diwi."- - "Hi, da'ukwa aga na it!a
Kwopt
amnu'xwa, awi."
5 kta'xlama.
Aga
kwo'pt gacdu'ya, itkla'lamat gacx x r
Kwopt gayu'ya isklu'liyE, lq!u p gatcu xwa tcix. Kwopt Ixw^p gatcu^wa. Kwopt qxwa L lux iyawa^ba. Aga kwo pt gayu'ya, galixE'lgwitcu
x
lamat
tfxfa/lt
gwaÊma
x
a xt axt.
Gatcii/lxam ik!wa qwa:

x
"Qxiâu pu a'nxuxwa."
Luq!
x
10 lu q!
gatdux
;
gwa^ma
:
ilklalamat.
7
Kwo pt
r
gatclu'qwEmct
ihcqwa'
Gali'xux gua t guat. galxux iyawa nba. "Itcmula muâ." Kwopt galiglaâmtck Kwopt gatcix " u^xam iya x lxt dau itsmalaûmit kwodau Qxi ganxatx
:
lE'b Isb
itskla'itsEm."
Gali kim ik!wa
15 a'wi."
Gali'kim
r
isklulyE
"Da ukwa amn^xwa, qwa "Cmaî au imiga'iLEmxEtck

:
yaxa da ukwa ayam^xwa."

:
Gayu
txwit isk!u lyE; dawa'x

x
Kwo pt aga gayu^ gatxi'gElwaba ilklalamat iyadu'duba. x x a Ja-it ik!wa qwa; gatciu^xam K!E p Emxux." Kwopt
u gatdilgwi^cu tfklaâmat; sa q gatci lgalqx iya wan.
7
x x
Ga-
20
yumqxaÊmtck
'Ma'la ma'la'
cu'x gatci'xux
;
gatcfulxamnintck
diwi
"Emk^rn
ma^tla^
;
na'ika
ganxtgimnrnxL."
Gayu'mEqt
kwopt galixE'lmux.
8.
THE BOY THAT WAS STOLEN

r
BY
Icta^nx aya gikal

r
maâ gduxt
x
Ttqxuli.
Aga kwo pt
Kwopt
gagi-
gafu ya
25
wa
x
tckti.
;
Aga
Lq.'o'pLqlop
xi
guxt.
x^ma
itca
xan
aga ya
wa'tckti.
Aga
galaMgEluqxl, guxt Lqlo^Lqlop r gakta kuLqx; kwopt na-iglu'ya itcaxa^.
linear translation
This myth was taken down in phonetic Wishram and forwarded with interby Pete McGuff, the original source being an old Indian woman named AnEwi'kus. Despite several attempts to get the whole myth in its com1
Grizzly-Bear said "Just what did you do to yourself, that you are thus small?" "If, indeed, you are nervy, then I could do thus to you too, just like me." "Surely,
:
you
shall
now do
thus to
me
too,
younger brother
!"
And
Then
then the two of them went and heated some stones.
Coyote went and cut off an elder-bush limb. Then he bored it all through and hung it inside of himself in his
belly.
And
then he went and threw
down
I
five hot rocks
into himself,
one by one. Grizzly-Bear said to him:
after another. Then (Coyote) swallowed five he drank water and they boiled in his belly. He rubbed himself. Then he sang: "I am clean, clean." Then he
"Thus rocks one
should like to do."
became clean "Thus Grizzly-Bear you shall do to me, younger brother!" Coyote said: "If, indeed, you are nervy, then I shall do thus to you." Coyote stood up and the rocks just went pouring out of him from his
said
to his elder brother
:
"
In this
way
and
small."
said:
tube.
to
And
then
Grizzly-Bear
sat
down.
(Coyote)
said
him:
die.
down
to
"Shut your eyes." Then he dropped the rocks into him. His belly all burned up. He began
(Coyote)
kept
telling
him:
"Do you
too say,
He died. 'Clean, clean,' just as I kept saying." off his skin from him; then he ate him.
1
He
took
8.
THE BOY THAT WAS STOLEN

chiefs
wife
is
BY ATlATlA'LiYA. 1
And then cleaning up the house. Then she laid they went to get grass and she cuts it. her child down and went off far away from him, (while)
The
she
is
cutting
the grass.
to
Now
she
finished (her work)

It
is
plete form, it had of the Kathlamet
be
left
unfinished as here given.
evidently a variant
"Myth
of
Aq'.asxe'nasxena"
(see
Boas,
"Kathlamet
Texts,"
pp.
919).
66
idia'-
Galu'yam; kla'ya
qxat
di'xtka
itca'xan,
yaima da'ngi gagigE'lkEl

datcli'p
ickla'li
diwi
itcaxa'nba
ixadi'mat.
Kl'nwa galgi'unaxltck. Kla'ya. Aga kwo'pt gahddwa'yu. kwc/pt tla'ya gatgi'a itka'lukc, gatkdu'kl itgaga'matcx. Aga Wi x t!a dax uka galgu'giga itqxa x t da^ma da'ukwa wi x t!a
x
datc!l
p
:
icklali diwi.
Galk^m
kwo'pt galxda gwa, galuâm. x ikla^kac." "Kl^ya Aga kwo'pt ka nawi idsl/
Aga
xam
galuxini mtck.
Gagûkl yaxa a'xdau Atlat.'aîya gagûx^tk. x x x x 10 nawit itca qxuqba bama li/q!. Aga kwo pt wi t!a tq!i x x x Aga alu ya gagi ux, aga aic gagiumdaît bama a^xka. akdulaba itlali'tsyauks kwoMau itqwa'dsdukc dan agalE'mx Lu 7 x u akdu x xwa, atgE x ksta gwa, akdu kla. x tSa'niEl. Aga kwo pt adixE^muxma. Aga ki/ldix
Qu ct
15 iya'gaiL
ni
xux.
r
Akhilxaâ
HxElu'idEd,
Aga
gatcfgE lkEl
"Imca'ux^x." itca'qxuq: x 7 ixlu idEd iMqx yaxa ya x

;
iya^qx ilgwaîlx diwi, laMtc ila^qx datc!i p iyakli'nulmax. x x a A-ila x Qxa ngi Iga qx^dau?" Kwopt nixh/xwa-it
:
xan aga ya xt!ax x r r 20 tcagE^fuxan qxa ngi algiu xwa itca qxuq tq!i x agii/xwa, aklulxa'ma "Imca^xix."
iki'xax.
K!ma da'minwa
;
:
giu'xulal
itca
25
Aga da'nmax gatcdi/dina, ittsl^nunks da^max idiaga matcx Engi. D^minwa agiulxaâ "Na'qxi iwa t iwa Yaxa da minwa ixq!wa lal aga dan atciwa gwa galu'ix." itcla'nk. "Da'nba Iga gagnulAga kw6 pt nixlu'xwa-it
x
:
cal
Compare pp. 35 39 and footnote on p. 34. Pete writes in regard to this mythibeing that she "is supposed to be a kind of a person, but much larger than
167
and went to her child. She arrived there. Her child was not to be seen only something she saw, a single track, striped like a basket, where her child had lain. They sought to find him, but in vain. He was not to And then they all went home. Now then the be seen. men went (to search) more carefully, took their arrows
;
along. Again as before they found only a track, again as before striped like a basket. So then they turned back
and arrived home.

then
him.
all
They
said:
"There
is
no boy."
And
stolen
Now
But
in
the people mourned. truth it was that Atlat.'a'liya
who had
She took him

then
herself.
straight to her children for eating. liked him and just raised him for again Now she used to go to dig up black snakes and
she
and took them home with her. She used And them, and when tender, they were done. then he used to eat them. Now he grew up quickly and " He is became big. She used to say to her children
frogs, or toads,
to
roast
your younger
different
his
brother."
himself),
Now
their
(from
;
he saw that they looked flesh looked different from
own
his flesh flesh
their
was like a human being's, as for them was marked in stripes. Then he thought
to
"Why, perchance, is it thus?" He is puzshe speaks of him as her son, and he, for ever But zled. Whatever her children his part, thinks much of her.
himself:
would do to him, she would take his part; she would u He is your younger brother." say to them Now he killed various (animals), various birds with his arrows. Always she would say to him: "Do not go off Now he is always hunting, and even in that direction." And then he thought: "Why, perchance, kills a deer.
:
an ordinary person. ever saw one."

2
No one
to-day
can give the exact description, nor anyone

rather expect amu'ya ("you shall go").
Galu'ix
means "they went."
One would
i68
xa'mntf, 'Kla'ya amu'ya iwa't iwa' ?" "Aga iwa'tka anu'ya." Aga iwa'tka
Kwopt
nixhi'xwa-it
gayu'ya.
Iyak!a'i-
tsEm wi'xat gali'gugwam, kwo'ba daya ikla'munak ixi'mat. Gwob nikk.'a'lagwa pu, kwopt ca'xEl nixux nixLa'gwa pu, x 5 wi'tla kwo'ba da'uya. Kwopt nigu^xwit, daL!a k nixux.
;
"Na'ika Iga gani'txtga A'nnanana," galxu'x itgwa'frlx. k!m' aga Lla'k itci'ux itcqwi't k!ma yaxa pu inxi'lk u iitck.
1
7
"
lya'waq itcqwi't, ikla'famgwadid x cEkcEk Engi akq!u xJ, alxa^lxap

10 tcin Engi itsE'kal."
Engi
2
itcmE'lq, aq!E
mux
-
Engi axklu^xskluxs,
:
wa
x
x
Kwopt gatcu^xam
"Au, k!ma na qxi

x
imnu^xam
wi
r x
a'ngadix."
Aga kwopt
x
t!a
:
ya gatci ux
x
itca quit
Kwopt gagiu^xam "AJqxi anyulxa'x mEtna imilxtlaâx." 3 Kwopt na kta, daLa u wagflti gala -
t!a
da ukwa.
x
xux.
15 rik u
"
x
Qu ct
yaxa ikinwa'kcumax ya'xdau itcagfkal naxa-
Jitckwam.
Aga ayaxEmilkî^ckwa
r
lu
idEd a xdau.
x
Amuya'mabEt, J Kw6 pt alma kwar LkwaL amiiluxaâxdixa ka x nawi qax xba Kwo pt alma wax x amlu^wa alu r yabEt qxa x 20 watcE'lxba. Cma r nix saq u atclitga lgwa damt, atdilga'lgwa itca qxuq. x itca'qxuq, kwopt ya'xiba kwo ba iqlfyuqt yuxt." Gagixn^ma.
j.
na qxi a xdau wa'maqx, axImHkau qxi gEmtgix watcE x lxba abaxa x tba. x alma amJ^xwa ilqlaûskan tc!E xtc!Ex.
;
Aga kwo
25
pt
x
nixk!wa
7
.
Kwopt da ukwa
ni
xux; kwa'Lx
kwaL
1
gatclu x ilqlaûskan alatcE^xba.

is
Aga
kwo'pt wi
t!a
The ikla'lamgwadid
Pete
several were tied close to

effect.
adds that
described as a tin ornament of the shape of a funnel; to a belt or saddle, and produced a jingling surely the "ik'.a'tamgwadid was made before Indians ever
one another
saw
tin.
To my knowledge,
it
was made of horn
or
bone
in olden days."
Per-
haps dew-claw
rattles are referred to.
69
has she always been telling me, 'You shall not go off in that direction'?" Then he thought to himself: "Now I
shall
tion.
go
just yonder."
And
off
he went
trail
;
in just that direclies

it
He came to a He was about to step

to
narrow
it it
there
this stick.
across over
;
it;
then
arose.
this
He
was about
pass
by
it;
again
there
in
was
two.
pain).
(stick).
Then he stepped on
"A'nnanana,"
I,
broke right
person
?
groans the
(in
perchance, that stole

I
him
And
yet he broke
"Was it my leg,
and indeed
leg
is
was about
valuable, my of alxa'phcap 3 my ankle, of dentalium my shin knee, my bone." Then he said to her: "Oh! but you did not tell
him know something. My 1 thigh-bone is of jingles, of beads is

to let
me
he made her leg well again, as " it was before. Then she said to him Wait, I shall 3 and tell your Then she ran off go great-grandfather." and a sprinkle of rain arose. Now in truth that was
before."
And
then
Thunder who was her husband, and she came to tell him. "Now I shall tell you. That one is not your mother, that woman is different (from you). Your cradle-board is in
the back part of the underground lodge, at the rear end.
When you
get there, then you shall split up pitch-wood. Then you shall stick some of it into every part of the underground lodge. Then, when she goes off somewheres,
will
you
der
it
set fire to the (pitch),

will
and her children

is
will
burn.
When
her children
have
all
burned, then (go) to yondwelling."
place, where an old man out to him.
She pointed
;
And
then
in
he went home.
Then he
did as directed
he stuck
the pitch in their underground lodge.

was given.
Probably
Now
2 No explanation of this term other ornament is referred to. 3
some
sort
of beads or
progenitors from the fourth generation back, i. e., beginning with one's great-grandparents, are included in the terms ilxtla'max (masc.), alxt'.a'max (fern.).
All
170
galu'ya, galakli'lapam.
Kwopt
hi'lxam
:
wi't!a
Kwopt ya'xtla nixq!wa' qxaiJa'LEt. Lu'k nixux, galilgu'qwam hdla'-itix. Gatc1 "Alqxi LlE'kijEk ayamcu'xwa." Aga kwopt
u LlE'kijEk gatclux. Gahd'qxatq idia'qwitba, saq galikgu'p5 dit. Kwopt k!a'uk!au gatdxElu'x ila'nalxat Engi. Kwopt
a-iwa x gatchix.
gayu ya. Wi t!a Lu k nixux, wi t!a Gwa/nmix Lu x k nixux gatctux gwa/nmix itqxax t. gayu'ya. Kwopt kwo'dau gayu'ya iqlfyuqtyamt (ya'niwadix iya lkau x 10 gatcigE^ga). Kwaic ak.Tulal At!at!a iiya, daL!a k nixux "Am," na kim, "iyagE^makcti itcagaÊn. aga da'ngi 7 x itci^gElux itcqxu'q." Aga kwopt na'wit naxklwa galu -
Aga kwopt
nu
it
yam, aga Kwopt itlaûl saq x da niwatba gatctu x wi t!a Luk na xux. Aga kwo pt a-i15 k!wa lalEk na xux; gw^nmix gaktux kwo dau sa iba ga.
tca wigaluqt
r
;
naâ-ilutk
x x
gi wa.
Yaxa ya xx galigu'qwam iqlfyuqt a-ixllxul i'nadix inat wi'mal. Kwopt gatciu^di iya'qxwit gwob wi'mal. Gatciu lxam "Na qxi alma amingulxw^da axqlu'xlba." Aga
x
x
:
20 nigu ya
nawit ayaq!u xlba, nikklaâgwa.

x
Qu ct
yaxa
i-
gwa'cgwac da'uya iqlfyuqt iya Lqt iya qxwit.
Aga
sa q u
x
kwo
x
pt
r
gatcûkl
idiaûlyamt.
da xdau
da^max
x
dixilax
Gatciumgu'gmit idaklaÊlamax. Kwopt

7
gatcdHut da nmax itt!u ktimax icawa^yumax itk!a daqxi x x 25 ik!wa nixmax apgEliumax itgwa natmax. Gad^xElmux, x tauwias ak!wa nixklTLxum. Kwopt gatciukl^di, gatcdilut kwodau ka x nawi dan itk.Ttit. Kwo'dau gatcdilut gwE^ma
kwodau aJa xit. "Alma amu ya da xiaba Aga kwo pt gatcixni'ma-ix 30 itbu xux; alma kwo ba amxl^maya caxla damt ka nawi
itgftcxutkc paL itg^/matcx
x x
L'.E'kt'.Ek
properly
means
"to
uncover or open" something by taking
off a
then she went off again, went digging.

part, pretended to
go hunting. where they all were. He said to them "Let me louse 1 you." So then he loused them. He laid them on his legs and they all slept on him. Then he tied their hair to one another's and set fire to them. Now then he went off immediately. Again he turned Five times he turned back, back, again he went off. five tracks he made. And then he went to the old man
and came
to
:
Then he, for his Then he turned back again
(first
he got
his cradle-board).
While
At!at!a'liya
is
dig-
ging, her
"Oh, the digging-stick broke right in two. stinker!" she said, "now he has done something to my children." Now then she went straight home. She arrived
there
;
their
house was
him
back.
at
the
And
burning now. Then she tracked first (track) he had made again she turned then she became puzzled. Five times she
all
;
tracked (him) before she followed him rightly. As for him, he had reached the old man. He
with
is
fishing
Then a dip-net on the other side, across the river. He said to he stretched out his leg across the river. "You shall not stand on my knee." So he went him:
straight up to his knee and stepped over it. truth this old man with the long leg was Crane.
Now
in
And
vomit
then
he took him to
his house.
He made him
Then
those various bad things that he had been eating. bull trout, he gave him all sorts of good things
all
He ate chubs, steel-head salmon, trout, Chinook salmon. Then he clothed him, gave him them, finished eating.
a
leather
cape
and
all
sorts of clothing.
And
he gave
him
five quivers of
arrows and a bow.
"You shall go to then he pointed out his way: yonder mountains there you will shoot upwards all these
And
lid.
hair"
The idea of "lousing" when looking for lice.
is
here derived from that of "opening or parting the
172
dauda idmigftcxutkc."
Galixli'ma
Kwopt da'ukwa
ni'xux.
nawit
iguca'xba,
gatcaxu'txmalitEmtck
aga';
matcx
da'uka
5 matcx.
nawit
wi'lxba.
gayugwa'wulxt
x
Kwopt kwo'ba gayugwa'wulxt da'uka dakda'k gatctux idiaga'Adi', gatcu gikEl idE
:
La'x gayu'yam iguca'xba.
l-
xam.
Lq!a p gatctux; gatch/lxam
"Qxaâmt mcu^t?"
x
Nadlda^wit ncugwala'-idamit itgaq!a qctaq"Kla/ya! x ukc." Qi/ct yaxa wa qxcti a'xdau caîEl uklftit.
gayu ya ya xat wi t!a Lq!a p gatctux itkluâ-itc 10 idE'lxam. "Qxa'damt mcu'it?" Gatcdugumtcxu'gwa x Nadlda nwit ilgaâLxat." Qu'ct Kla/ya! Entcxugwaîmamt x wi t!a nL watsk!E axdau. Wi t!a yaxa yaxat gayu ya
Wi't.'a
;
:
gatcu gikEl
itkluâ-itc
x x
tga
dit.
"Qxada^t
Emcu'it?"
"Kla'ya! Nadida nwit ncawilaîdamt itgaxE^yakukc." 15 yaxa waqxudi xat.
Qu
ct
Ya'xat gayu ya
lux.
x
;
Wit. gatdgE'lkEl i^gwaîlx

x
Lq!a p gate-
Da
ngi
Igûctx,
a
:
qlE^qlEp
x
tsla^sla iki xax.
Kwopt
;
Da n dauya miu'klt?" "Kl^ya! gatciugumtcxu^wa abu^max dauwa nu'klt." Kwopt L!a k gatca -ixux dagapx 20 ga b nix^xix. Kwopt wi t!ax gatcuxa bu wi t!a wa^wax x nixi^xix. Aga kwopt wi t!ax nixLa gwa.
x x x x x
;
GatdgE
lkEl
wi't!a iJgwa'lilx Wit; lq!a
p gatchix.
x
"Ah,
ah," alxElga'yax, i^maq ilagwa^nilba, alflgat aga matcx. Mank ya x xat kwo x ba gatu x lktcu; galu'moqt. Gayu'ya
25 ya'xat- gatclg-E'lkEl Ixdat ilgwaîlx. 1
The myth
doubtless
continues
very
much
like its
Kathlamet correspondent
(see
Boas, Kathlamet Texts, p. 13).
173
Then he did just in that way. quiverfuls of yours." shot clear to the sky he caused the arrows to stand one on top of another clear (down) to the ground. Then
five
He
he
climbed up there; as he climbed up, then also he took off his arrows. He arrived up in the sky. Behold! he saw people. He met them and said to them "Whith:
'
you going?" the heads of Indians."

dressed
all
er
are
"No!
We
Now
in truth
are going to ride on those were the Lice,
in black.
;
Again he went farther ahead again he met still other He asked them: "Whither are you going?" people. "No! We are going to hang on to the hair of Indians." Now in truth those were the Nits. Again he went on far" ther ahead Whither again he saw still others coming.
;
are
you going ?"
"
No
We
Now
are going to stay

in
in
the
breech-clouts
of Indians."
truth
they were the
Graybacks. He went farther ahead and saw a person coming. He met him. He carries something on his back it is tightly
;
closed.
taking along with you?" am taking along with me."
you are "No! These are nights that I Then he opened his (box) and Then he closed it again and it it became entirely dark. became all light again. And then he passed him again. He saw a person coming again; he met him. "Ah, ah!" he was groaning; he was shot in the heart, an arrow there he fell stuck to him. A little farther ahead down and died. He went farther ahead he saw a peris
Then he asked him:
"What
this that
son coming
in haste.
174
II.
CUSTOMS,
MARRIAGE.
i.
Aga
a'lEma
1 atcucga'ma. gi'uxt ak!a'ckac itcxa'n wikxi't aniu'xwa na'ika. "Itla/ktix ka'nauwe
k.'a'xc
Ag' amc-
xElqla'xida
5
ag'
a'lEma
x
kVdux*
wiki'd
x
aniu'xwa.
;
Aga
ag'
mcgilxa'mam ana-ixmElaÊma ika

x
ika'la
l'
iql^yoqt.
Aga
wiki'd aniu'xwa
anilu
r
x
ayaân.
Wiki d
da ag' aÊma
atcii^gwia wi kit ikaâ." x r r andi luda ika la wiki t.
Aga
Ag'
'gidi'mam iq!e yoqt x a'mdilukla da udax."
"Ag'
Aga
wiki d
ini
ux.
Ag'
10
itix
2
itcdilut
idia'kt'
2
ikala.
x
Ag'
itdilut
r
lu'nikc
7 tfla -
HgrxEltkiu
wikx^t
kwo dau mo'kct

ayaxa nba
:
itkûdaniukc
itca-ixE'mElal.
itgaxamatla^yutckEmax r x x u Aga da uda ilkdni tk tck na it!ax

7
itcdilut
i'x't
ikaMmak kwoâu
x
i'x't
idu iha qexE^dEnil kwo'dau mo'kct itplaîskwa, wi t!ax

u iqdni'tk tck.
na
15
it!a
Ag' atcucga^' itcxa n ak!a ckac; aya'gikal alaxu'xwa; iga xux. Aga alugwigEîudama ag' algiu^la itcxa'n ayax gika%a alxugwigEîudama. Ag' aÊma kwoba/ 'lixa txa iaqci xba kwo dau aya^cix kw6 dau aya'gikal. Aga wiîmx x igi'xux itcxa n. Ag' ilkctka'm naika ba wo'kcti itcxa n
x
;
20 aya'gikal, wanda'cti axgi'kal inda'xan aya'gikal.
Qxi'dau
ga'ngadix galuxtki'xax itqle'yoqtikc, wikxi't gayuxwiti'm.
The father of the bridegroom is to be thought of as telling this account. Of these two words for "slave," ila'-itix belongs more properly to Lower Chinook, but has become current, probably through the medium of the Chinook jargon, in Wishram as well.
1
175
II.
CUSTOMS.
MARRIAGE.
a
"
i.
Now my
So
I
son
likes
girl
and wants
(I
to
marry
her.
as-
am
to
make
the bridal purchase.
say to
my
that
sembled acquaintances :) It is good that you all learn I intend to-morrow to the bridal give purchase-money. Now do you all go and tell an old man. Now I shall
give the purchase-money,

his
now
daughter.
shall give
I shall buy from the man him the purchase-money, and
the
has come (and
Now the old man I "Now I am to give the man say to him) these (things) as purchase-money. Now you shall take these here to him." Now I have made the bridal purchase. Now he has given the man his things. He has given
will
man
take the purchase-money."

:
him as purchase-money three slaves and he has given him two fast-running horses in return for his daughter. He has bought her from him. And also to me they have one tanned brought back as wedding-gifts these things elk-skin and one ox-hide blanket and two blankets they have been brought back to me, for my part, as return gifts.
:
Now my
come
house.
to
his
son
is
wife.
ready to marry the girl she She has become (his wife).
,
is
to be-
Now
,
the
bridegroom's
relatives are to
go
to
meet
his wife at
her
are
Now we
her at
are to take
meet
her house.
my son to Now there
his wife
we
he
is
to
remain
and his mother-in-law and his wife. Now my son has become a married man. Now they have brought back the two of them to live with me, him and my daughter-in-law, my son's wife; she is my and my wife's daughter-in-law, our son's wife. Thus long ago the men of old used to do they used to get women
with
his father-in-law
'
by giving each other purchase-money.
2.
CHILDHOOD.
Cma'nix p' ag' ili'axan ittda'ckac p' ag' a'ligima ika'la: 1 "Aga kanawo' mcti ag' itcxa'n ili'axan ilak!c/its ifkla's;
kas
Aga
5
aga Lxo'pLxop aqh/xa ila'mLloxi itcxa'n ifa'axac." u x kxwo'pt kanauwa/2 'tq H b' aluxwa'x' idE'lxam. Aga
x
kxwo^t tsluûs
itlxlE
11
ilklaV xEÊm' idE^xam, s^q kas aqlu'da ilqle^yoqt ilkaâ. Aga kxwo^t x Lxo'pLxop x alkhi x w a ilamL.'oîba gw^nimix ilaniLloî a nat, wftlax
;
aqiu xwa. aluxilxEÊma.
Aga kxwo^^t Aga kxwo^t
aluxil-
a nat
x
gw^nimix
3
LXO^
alklu
xwa
itq!e
y6qt
cmaî
pu
10 lkdu kul.
Aga pu ikaîmak
ilkla^kac
dab'
x
ixiât yi/lgwiat pu kwo^'
LxopLxo^ aqhi xwa. Aga kxwo'pt pu aqit^xwa x Lq!u pLq!up ikaîmak Iql^b itgilpa Ifxad itgoaîlx. Aga
15
kxwo^t aqia'uwimagwa daÊmax at!u ksai kwo dau ilk!a muat kw6 dau ak!wa lq bu ci kc aqdu xwa idE^xam tq!ex x
x x
;
Ag' itl^kt' igi xux ik!a ckac a watc' akla'ckac. IttcrnEmax aqxftluxwa lomLloîmaxba Lxo^Lxop. x pu k!a ya Lx6 pLxop aqlugwaîmtcgwo pu.
o^tikc.
x
20 ilap!a qx'
aqilkxaMma r Cma'ni aqillu^wa. pu k.'^ya dap!a i ilapla^xa x Crnaî pu ilqa gilak ilaqlaêtaq p' aqlugwoîmtcgwa.
ilaqla^ctaq
Aga kxwo pt
x x
iqnimatsudit
ilaVanb'
ilk!a
ckac
p'
alu mEqt' aluxw^nimitcgwa

ttkla'ckac.
gwEÊm'
7
ilgoa/max; tql^x aqlu'xw' Lax aluxwiÊmitcgwa idE^xam. aga
Wftla
x
daîtck' alux
x
25 xwilxE'lEma lga blad

xluit.
x
kVdux
ix-tka'dix5
itga^xlEm.
aga wl 2gwa da nE luqx k!ma 7 Qxe'dau ga^gadix galxtki xax ila
That That
is,
his
father.
This
account
is
told
from the point of view of the

is
child's paternal grandfather.

2
is,
one who
is
practised in the operation
selected, not
any one
at
random.
177
2.
CHILDHOOD.
now he should have a child, a baby, then the man : would say: "Do you all now come! Now my son has
If
baby, and the ears of my son's child will have holes pierced into them." And then all the people And then a little food is preget to be in the house.
child,
little
pared.
Now
is
then the people eat,
all eat.
And
then the
baby
into
given to
child's
an old man.
ears,
five
Now
the
then he pierces holes holes in one of his ears,
again he should
five holes in the other
does the old

2
man make,
if
know how
a
his
to
do
it.
Now
the
elk-skin
here 3
tanned elk-skin
(ears)
lies
baby has
is
pierced.
And
spread out, thereon then the tanned
up enough for one pair of moccasins (as gift) for each person. And then various (other) things are distributed small baskets, and horse-hair rope,
cut
into pieces
:
and twined basket-bags.

people,
the
Gifts
would be made
the
to
the
old
people.
Now
become good.
child's ears.
If
at.
Beads are strung it did not have its
boy or the girl has through holes in the

it
(ears) pierced,
would
be laughed
And
on
its
then
a head-flattener 4
If its
forehead.
is laid on its head, is put head should not have a flattened

.
If a woman should die forehead, it would be laughed at. with a child in her womb, the people would mourn for five Five days the people mourn. days they like a child.
;
Again
food. 5
they
eat
once
all
in
swallowing anything
morning and are without day long, yet they have lots of
the
to do.
Thus long ago the Wishram used
3 4
Indicated by gesture. Any piece of hard

is
wood
or skin
made
to
fit
on the
child's forehead as
it
lies
wrapped on 5 That it is,
the cradle-board.
not for lack of food that they refrain from eating.

II.
12
78
3.
DEATH.
p'
Cma'nix
p'
ika'la
ixi'al
gwa
idE'lxam.
Tq!6'x
u
p'
pu aluxwi'nimtcaqiu'xwa ka'nauwe dan p' itlu'kt'

ayu'rriEqta
;
Sa'2q aqi'luda. 1 inikc ilqla'mucEkcEk

5
k!a'uk!au
aqdi'luxwa
itci'nEmax
3
ih!a
kwo'dau ika'lxalukc
ia'fqba
aqftl-
Jxwoâ. Aga kxwo'pt p' aluxwiîmtcgwa tcaîlxam aga'lax. Wi x t!a da x ukwa agagilak waliq pu 'li/mEqta. Alu x mEqta x x u pu wa !iq sa q itkl^max ilqlaûcEkcEk iltla'-inikc itci'nEr x max aqte/luxwa kwo'dau ihskaÊmax. Lq!u p alax uxwa wakxa'q itgomLluîba ca'xaladamt. Wi'tlax da'ukwa wia-iLqlo^b alixu'xwa r ka nauvve lac^xtikc.
x
10 tcE'm
iliena^xat.
Wi t!ax do'ukwa
Ag' aqiu kla tklfmxatgEmaxiamt idme mEluctikcpa aqiu^gama. Aga qi^klt tgi d aga palala Cma'nix Iga'blad idE'lxam tgi\vad iime'mEluct qf^klt.
Aga
yu'mEqt.
15 p' ayu mEqt' ika la p' aluxwi'nEmitcgwa

x
x
;
tq!^'x aqiu
xwa
7
Tcaîlxam aga Lax yago'mEnil ka'nauwe ca nba. Wi xt!ax ak!u'n gwE'nEma agaâx p' aluxw^nEmitcgwa. x x kwo dau qxo x qEda ukw' agagi lak it!u kt' itcago'mEnil
itlu'kti
x x
;
mitp' atlu^t' itca^gulitpa.
4.
MEDICINE-MEN.
20
Cma'nix pu imi^cgEmEm amxu'xwa aga kxwx/pt amxJuxwaMda: a Ca n anlgE'lgaya ihlu'kti itla'gewam ?" Amx Lu da lu'n itki^daniukc kwo dau mo^ct iduihaâx kwo'dau mokctl^'aJ ida'la. Ixuâl idiaêwam "Na'qxi t!aT
x r
:
aniu
1
xwa
cpa'g iatcgE'mEm iki'xax."

said
to
Ik!u n
r
i
xat idia'geCalifornia
ihla'-inikc:
be
very
valuable and to have been
made by
Indians.
a
Probably Chinese coins, which were current along the Columbia River
at the
179
3.
DEATH.
a young man should die, the people mourn. He is he is All all kinds of over liked; given good things. (his body) are tied on to him beads of sea-fish bones,
If
sea-shell
beads,
square-holed coins
round glass beads, and strings of brass 3 they are put around him on his body
;
And then they mourn for ten days. is so also If a (it done) if a virgin woman dies. Again, virgin dies, there are put all over her woven cloth, round glass beads, sea-shell beads, fish-bone beads, and brace(on neck and arms).
lets.
Her mother
so
also
all
cuts
Again,
her
(her hair) father just cuts
off
down
off
to her ears.
his
head-hair.
Again, so also
her relatives.
(suppose a man) is dead. 3 and deposited to the burial vault
Now
is
Then he
is
to
be taken
among
the dead.
Now
a
he
being
carried
and very many people go following

If
;
him, (as) the dead person is being carried. He is liked should die, the (people) mourn.
man
his heart
was good
mourn.
rance.
to
everybody.
so
also
Ten days and

(in
five
days they
Again,
case
of)
at,
woman.
Good
was her heart and, when looked
good
her appea-
4.
MEDICINE-MEN.
sick,
is
If
you should become

shall
I
"Whom
take that
then you think to yourself: a good medicine-man?" You
oxen and twenty dollars. give him three horses and two not succeed in making "I shall The medicine-man says:
him
well,
he
is
too sick."
One more medicine-man has
Cf. Chinook iqa'lxal "gambling disks." time of the early coast traders. 3 See A. B. Lewis, Tribes of the Columbia Valley and the Coast of Washington and Oregon, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association, Vol. I, p. 171.
i8o
warn iqigs'lga; ag' ictmo'kct icxu'x. Iqdi'lut la'kt itki'udaniukc a'-ix't adu'iha k!ma ya'lilxam ida'la kwo'dau
mo'kct itpa'iskwa.
Ag'
5 saiba'
ixu'lal
idia'gewam
Ag'
t!a'y'
itlu'ktix atxugwi'la-ida
'txugwi'la-ida.
:
Aga
Iga
Iga
atgiu'xwa."
Ag' ixulal
1
idia'gewam
qxa'dagatci
nEgi
"Ma^ka
nimxh/xwa-it
r
yaklaÊla-ix
x
idmigeVom.
Da
ag'
uya
kw6 ba yatcgE'mEm nigiûx

x
atxigi'la-ida.
Aga
x
t!a
i'
alixu xwa.
x
QE'a'
x
mxtu^wan idiaêwam
ma'itlax?"
Ixu
x
lal
"Aga
10 atxigila-ida
itlu'kt'
woq
;
aga kaâctmokct." Acdigi la-ida aga na qx' ig^xux. Ag' iuÊqt ika la. Kaâctmokct iqcu itcdaêwam nictigidla'lit. Aga cda xdau icdakla
r r 7
tgeVam
nicgi ux.
Wi t!'
fxat
;
15 idia'gewam
itpaMskwa
yatcgEÊm igi'xux. Aga w^t!' iqdilut mo^ct itkûdaniukc kw6 dau hin kwo dau yaîlxam idala. Wi t!' iqxa'gElg'
i
agagi'lak alugwila-ida. Iqda lut iqda'lmimtum iVt ikiu tan x x kwo'dau aMx't adu iha kwo'dau mo'kct itpaîskwa kwo dau
gvvEÊm' idala.
20 go'ugoumat
2
Ag' actugw^la-ida, ag' icguxaîma ag' igla'lam; yugwHalit idiaêwam.
it-
Ag'
t!a
/:i
ixu
lal
idia'gewam
x
"Aga na
x
qx'
x
ay^mEqta
aga
x
'ntgii/xwa."
cxu'lal:
Wi t!a da ukw'
axu
lal
gewam:
Aga
"Aga n^qx' ayu'mEqta; aga "Ag' a'lEma kVdux ant^klwaâ aga
agagi'lak itga t!aT antgiu'xwa."

x
11
sa q u
andigi'la-ida."
ac^klwa'ya; "Aga x gwa'lEmamt ik!a ckac itkiu'daniukc.

1
dai ictugwi'la-it sa'q Aga kxwo'pt x 3 cxu'lal: Tctuqa xb' itkiu'daniukc?"
Aga
Aga
pla
!'
iula
-it
ia tc-
Equivalent to t'.a'y' antgiu'xwa. In both the medicine-man's song and the gambling song a deafening accom-
been taken
horses, one
now
they are two.

ten dollars,
He
has been given four
cow and
and two blankets.
Now
two
the medicine-man says: "Now it is well that we Now we two shall doctor, we shall doctor right.
well."
"It
make him
panion)
:
And
seems It seems that this man over there has become sick, so that we two shall doctor him now. Now he will get well. What do you think, O medicine-man, for your part?" He says: "Yes! now both of us shall doctor him." The two of them doctor him, but he has
medicine-man.
not got well. Now the man dies. Both of the medicineThose two are killed, (who) were doctoring him. were wicked, they had "shot" him.
the medicine-man says (to his comthat you thought you are a poor
men
Again one man has become sick. And again a medicine-man has been taken he has been given two horses, and three blankets, and ten dollars. Also a woman has been taken (who) is to doctor. She has been given, has been paid as her fee, one horse, and one cow, and two Now the two of them doctor blankets, and five dollars. now they have put down time-beating sticks 2 and he sings; the medicine-man keeps on doctoring.
;
not die, now we two shall make him well." Again, just so the "Now he will not die, now we medicine-woman says:
the
Now
medicine-man
says:
"Now he
will
two
shall
"Now
to
make him well." morrow we two
completely doctor him." completely doctored him.
them say shall go home and we shall Now the two of them have just
the two of
:
Now
go home.
paniment
They
say:
And then "Now where
they are about to 3 are the horses?"
is made by the beating of sticks (itgou'goumat) on a long plank spread out before the medicine-man's or gambler's assistants. 3 That means, horses in payment of their services.
182
ag' itclo'qxEmct ilu'luck
;
kwo'dau
iltcqoa' ia'mqt.
t!aT alixu'xwa
aga t!aT igi'xux.
5.
CLOTHING.
aic
Ga'ngadix
iana'lxat
5
k!a'y'
itqui'tquit;
tslu'nus
dan
;
iqla'lalEc
x
a-ik!a'u
ifaqui'tba.
K!a'y'
itsta'gin
ga ngadix
Kwoâu itcla'ng aqaxi-ilguramida itgi^baba. x iap!a skwal da ukw' iena'lxat aqdu'xw' itgi^pa idaLlaûmit. x x x x x Isk!u ly' amEni isga k!aps aqsu xwa ili^xa qctaq da uk'
wa
tckti
x
istaâlxat.
x
Isk!u
ly'
EnEgi iapla^kwal aqdu

x
xwa
x
itkcieÊx
x
10
kwo dau aqexE^lxwaya. Alk!wa dit amsni aqiu xwa x siklE^xat; a-ista'x alilxElu xwa ilapu^cba daL!a iltga ba-ix. 3 Aq6 xwa wo'qlq ila^qpa, algiu^xwa isklu^y' amEni; cma'mat,
x
nix iq!a lalEc iapla^kwal ya xliu Hqlq. 2
K!a
y'
ilcs't.
Ga'ngadix k!a
y'
atliVat-,
x
k!a
y'
3
aq!e wiqxe
tan:
4
x
k!a
y'
ic-
gwolala;
15 ti/x
x
k!a'y'
iq.'fstEn.
Itqkt'tc'
x
a'mEni tsE'xtsEx gaq-
itk!a
munak.
Aka cat, 4 amu

x
Ga^ngadix gax
qxo^' alxuât; gatku x Nadidaûit da uax a xka. x da'uya wi gwa kla/ya.

6.
Aga
FIRST SALMON CATCH.

x
Olatss'n 5 aqxigE^gay' igu'nat walxi ba.
Aqxiugwo^ga.
Kanauwa/2 ayuxwiûx'
20 aqxc/xwa su
x
itqle'yoqtikc tsluûsmax.
A xt'
x
wa'lxi.
kind of soup made of heads of salmon and white salmon. These words may be translated "sleeveless shirt." They contain the same stem (-qtq) and differ only in gender (fern, and neut.
1
ilu'luck is a
respectively).
boy goes to get the horses. Now the sick man has remained quiet; now the sick man has drunk fish-soup 1 and water. Now he will get well now he has got well.
;
5.
CLOTHING.
In
affair
olden
times people wore no trousers just a slight (made of) a raccoon's scalp was fastened about
;
one's
legs.
There were no stockings
spread out grass in moccasins were made out of a deer's hide, its scalp, as A hat was made out of a coyote's head, two of above. their scalps, as above. Out of a coyote's hide gloves
would
long ago a man the moccasins. And warm

;
were made, and (coyote skin) was worn around the neck. Out of tule a twined fabric was made a person would wrap it about his buttocks so as to keep warm wherever
;
was put on a person's body If (made out of) he would make it out of coyote (skin). There was no shirt. raccoon's skin, its name was "ilqfq." In olden times there was no bucket, no knife, no gun,
"woqlq"
;
there was snow.
no
ax.
Trees were
split
3 by means of bones.
In olden
4 times dip-nets were made out of "Indian string"; this it is {pointing to specimen] out of which Indians made them.
But nowadays, not

6.
so.
FIRST SALMON CATCH.

first
A
time.
5
salmon
It
is
caught at the fishing post for the steamed on hot rocks. All of the old
is
men
eat
it,
each
lucky.
small
piece.
That
fishing post
is
(thus)
made
3
That
is,
* aka'cat is
elk antler wedges. the material itself

*
the string ready for use.
(Apocynum cannabinum, Indian hemp), amu'tan The first catch of the season is meant.
84
7.
ERECTION OF STAGINGS AT CASCADES.

icE'lxlxmax. Lxo'paqcutx'wi'tcgw' 1 ittslE'mEnEmax. Ag' ittcqoa' 'Idi'a tcaIgoa'lilx
Aga
tca'gwa-ix'
Lxop aqiawi'xa
gwa'-icq. ittslE'mEnEinax,
5 k.'a'nq
3
7
KEla'-ix'
LaxEma'gapxx
quxwinxa'nan
x
tlahce'wulx
ilka'la.
K'atkVdmax lugwa-
Itcqoa
gEmxaâba.
walx^ba.
x
Qa'xw' alakxkla^w' a xk' a niwad aqxax AqlgE^gaya la'xka da ut' ilkaâ laÊmagapx'
.
Aquqtli'Lx'
7
adE^dEx.
10
wa nba ilipa^ EnEgi. Aga bama na'qxi tcxa khiyEm. Aga kxwo^t aligu^x' ik!a munak qxE^kxit adigla'-id' idElxam bama na/qx' ayulax
aqlu xw' ilakxw6 x pt IxliVix' k!a x u }ilu x xtix*

A-ik!a u
pla'tcguxwida.
Lga
gElgat atslE'mEna
x 7
aga txÊqta/t qa xba

/
yaglu'xtix'.
Aga
1
tsJsk!Elu tkt
ihcqoa
qxE'nEgi
x
lu'xwunit.
x
Daluklu g
alxa^x'
x
dakxw6 L na
algutxEmiMa.
qx'
ilaku lx
x x
;
iltcqoa r wit
.
alga'tx' Aga kxwo^t kwo ba qxatgi'a datsagwou

x
lE^b
atslEÊna
qa'xlkun
Na wit
na wit
r
k!a u
algagu xw'
x
Wi
t!a
;
da ukwa
aqlakxa tgwaya x i nat. Kw6da x u aqdaktcl^qlgw'
20 gaxid' icEHxlx.
Ag' alcx'u'lx x Akl^n' alakta^wa da ukwa wi t!' aqxaCda x xtau qxelxu^ bam' icE^x^x. gEmxaâba. Qxe^' x 5 Hlx K!a ceiwatkla'ck' icdaÊmagapx-. ya ilgoa alcgEmxa';
munak
k!auk!a u aqi/xwa itbi'naJx EnEgi.
gaba qxa daga dauEmax.

,
kslaîx*
ilgoaîlx
ilaÊmagapx'.
Qxf-
Borings have been
made some
distance out from the shore
when
the water
was low.
platform.
2
Into these holes the poles are later to be set as supports for the fishing
Equivalent to tlaxEma'gapx-.
7.
ERECTION OF STAGINGS AT CASCADES.

Holes are made
comes, summer
is
Now
for
in
the
stagings are prepared. 1 Now the water staging-poles.

special person, a
;
summer
water.
workingman,
set aside for
setting in the staging-poles
now and then

Whichever
he is a strong man. Every the water conies up in time to use them. 3 fishing-post it fits, that one is first worked at.
to
;
He
is
taken
is
sapling the man
the fishing-post, this workingman a fir pushed out from shore so as to balance and
tied with a rope tied
is
is
the
not
rope (also) be drowned.
And
And then about his belly. on to the shore, so that he may then he walks out on the tree
end the people
sit
trunk
it
and
not
at the other
tilt
on
it,
so that
holds a staging-pole and he knows where it 4 is prepared for it. Now he looks to see how the water flows. The water slackens in its course. And then he
drives
in
its
may The man
up.
the
place.
it
staging
Sometimes
pole under water so that it fits right it misses there, but after a while
Immediately he ties on to it the fir sapling on which he has walked out immediately rocks are piled on it on shore. Again, (it is done) thus on the other
he sets
up.
;
And logs are put crosswise over the saplings and Now the staging are tied by means of hazel ropes. they
side.
is
finished.
The water comes up
again,
before, they work Thus is the work done on it. 5 Not with dip-nets. fishing any person taken at random can work at it a person
as
to another fishing-post; at it. That staging is for
just for that particular purpose
(is
employed) as working-
man.
3
That
is
fits
how
things are.
for the reception
Literally, "it
them."
He knows
just
where the holes are which have been dug

is
its
of the staging-poles. 8 Literally, "thus
work."
i86
8.
RIGHT TO FISH-CATCHES.
Alxi'lxul'
xam
a'watci fgutxEmi't ilgoalilx kwo'ba pal idE'lidabl'tcEm tqle'yoqtikc. AliliLa'-idam' ixqle'walal.

icE'lxhcb' altxui'da ttxa't
Cma'nix p!aT algigatxa'-ima-axdix'

itabl'tcEm;
fgiwo'gw' afgiugwi'lElxl' aga ya'xtau laxka' 5 bama JgiubftcEma. Cma^' aliliLa'-idama da r ukwa mo^ct x da'ukwa Ju n aLiLaîdama aluxta'tcgwam' atkdugwatxa'-
ima-ulxEma.
alkdugwflElxt' r 7 aJkdudi naya iaxka bam' afkdubftcEma. Cma^' aliliLa'x r idama da ukw' aLiLaîdam' aluxta^cgwam' altx'wi'da da b'
Cma'ni
p!a la
lixa'd
wi t!ax
10 itabftcEm
alxatge^xEm'
r
;
alalxuJ
Jaxka
bama
la
alula'-id'
ilapu tcb' ilab^tcEin.
aga
da xtau
da'ukw'
Aga
itkla'nl.
9.
TRAINING FOR STRENGTH AT CASCADES.

l
AlxEla'y'
tfkla'ckac alkdu'naxl' iLxe'wulx
sa'q
qE'nEgi
wilx kwo'dau itpogo'xmax aiuwacgi'wagwo'tcgwa. IkVx 15 qxEmit algiuktca'nEma ya xka qxi tclula tcillud ikVr x qxEmit. Qfi'nEgi yaxa'qxEmit ha -ai da ukwa a^xfluxwa x kwo'dau atcJxi'maya. Cma nix atclxi'maya bam' iLxe'wulx x atklugwi^ tfklalamat. Qa xb' atcilxni'ma-axdix'a kwob'
;
aikJugwra.
Qxa
ntcipt alklxa^gway' atclulxamaba^.

r x
Cma
r
-
20 nix
kwo^t alklugwi'a aga ya'xdau pal algiu xwa yaxa x Cmaîx a-itsxE^ 2 wi t!a kVdux* xaîx'ix- atclxi qxEmit. maya ha'-ai yaxa^xEmit pal algii/xwa kwo dau stu x'w
x x
;
cu
xwa.
3
Hagikcta'mEnil
1
H'xat
7 aga daxka bama Ju'pgEnat Jkdu-
Literally,
"moves himself."
IS;
8.
RIGHT TO FISH-CATCHES.
fishes
(Where) a person
there
it
with
is
full
the staging,
;
comes into his net. If he quietly puts it down on some one, who has come to get fish, stands up that one kills it, keeps tapping it, and that (fish) he has obtained for himself. If a fish comes into his net, just
fish
if
of old people
who
dip-net or sets his net, have come to get fish.
so
out
two, just so if three come into his net, they come to the surface of the water and he hauls them up
on
to
the staging.
If
he
kills
lets
keeps
himself.
fish
tapping If a
into
them,
fish
them lie, again some one them, and obtains them for
comes
come
;
his net,
into his net, just so if several they come out to the surface of
the water
a person, who has come here to get fish, stands the up, (but) dip-net fisherman slaps himself on his buttocks and those (fish) belong to himself; those who have
come
to get fish
sit
squatting.
Now
thus the
tale.
9.
TRAINING FOR STRENGTH AT CASCADES.

1
A
all
he looks for strength he travels over kinds of land and mountains. He takes a command
boy
;
trains,
with him
he who
trains
him gives him a command.
What-
ever the (trainer) commands, that he must do for him before he lets him go. If he sends him off, he carries rocks for
Wherever the (trainer) directs him (to carry strength. them), there he carries them he piles up as many (rocks)
;
he carries that many, then he 2 fulfils that command of his. If he falls short, the (trainer) sends him off again next day in the evening he must
as
he
tells
him
to.
If
fulfil
his order before

3
he
is
released.
An
2 3
inspector,
a certain person appointed just for those

amount of work
is
Of he
gets exhausted before the directed
done.
Literally, "his always
coming
to
look after things."
i88
xwokcta'mEnil da'-itcka qxi uxwa'la idaxEma'gapx'.
Da'u-
yax
x'ix*
i'x't
ikVqxEmit
wi't!'
iLxe'wulx bama.
inatcka'nlit
ikVqxEmit
5 i^k.'a'ckac,
iLa
x
EnEgi atciu'xwa yakli'la

x
idbi'nahc
;
Alu'ya xa'biafkduxwa'ma. 1 Ya'xka
qa'uad idbi'nahc alkdu'xw'
atclxukcta'ma
pt
yagikcta'mEnil.
r
Cma'nix
t
atcdi-
ma yaklHa kwo
natcdupgEnayaba
stu'xw aJxu'xwa
fa/xka qxi
10.
WINTER BATHING.
x
A
10
ngadix' nk!a ckacbEt itq.'e'yoqtikc qxa nutck atgiu'xwa

qlix'.
Aga kw6 ba
nxugui^catkt.
x
Aqnolx^ma
"Cma^' amuoôptrda aMtsxEp na wit amxqwoâma r x cma'nix k!a y' amugopti'da k!a y' amxgwaMama." Yax' x x itck.'a^c adnEnk!na mxida iqxa'nutck nk!a ckacbEt a^'
,
da'xka da ud aqxnulxa'm' Cma'ni ag' anxuguwi^catkEma. x aMtsxEb anug-opti'da sa q u afixu^gw' aqxEnuô^cgEma.

15
AlgEnulxam'
anxu'xw'
ilqle'yoqt:
"Mxg-wa'tam."
Kfnua qte'm
x
aga dnu qxa'daga ha^-ai 'nu'ya. Da kdag aq/ x r u nu'xwa ngaq da tx qa xb' ilElEqla^ liablaM ika ba da'ukwa daq!a b ix^gat.
x
Algi'nEluda
:
iqlfstEn
bama
capca'p
qiuxu'nnil ika ba.

;
u 20 AJgEnulxa'ma "Saq Lxo'b ami^xwa-axdix-a h/b amxu'xwa, amxkta^cgw', arnxslga^w', asEmxElu'tka a^pxiamd r x r aga Lax, wa 'mxu'xw' amgli/maya lE b amxu'xw', amx;
ta'tcgw' asEmxElu'tka tc.'^qlkEmt giga d, wa na wid wi t!' x amxu^wa; Is'b amxu'xw', amxda'tcgwa, wi t!a daukw' amx 25 gli/maya, iwa'd asEmxElu^ka tc!e qlkEmt lE b amxu'xw',
x
5
amxda^cgw', asEmxElu'tk' u^pqdiamd aga Lax,

1
wa
'
Ropes made
like
twisted
hazel
switches, such as were
commonly employed
to tie timber.
89
things,
looks
after
This one
night,
command
he goes to
training. also for strength. He goes out at make twisted wood-ropes 1 out of a
is
;
the
work of those who are
He, the trainer, gives the order grove of oak saplings. the inspector goes to see how many wood-ropes the boy
makes.
as
If
many
as
he reports to the trainer (that he has done) he had apportioned, the one that trains is he must try again.)
'
released.
(If not,
'../
>''-,.'
..
:.
."/.;
.'
.'
;.
'.?
10.
WINTER BATHING.
I
A
would
to
it
long while ago, when

tell
I
them.
is
myths in winter. would be told:
was a boy, the old men Now there I was listening

"If
will
you not fall asleep, do you will not go and bathe/ you Now I was fond of myths when I was a boy, so I would be satisfied with the things that I was told and would If I fell asleep too early, (when) it was listen to them. An old man would all finished, they would wake me up. "Go in bathing!" I would try to refuse, say to me: I was undressed entirebut in vain, so I just had to go. there was lots of ice or also ly naked where he knew
finished, straightway
If
you have
fall
to
asleep before go and bathe.
was pressed together tight. He would give me an ax for chopping up the ice. He "You will chop right through it, you would say to me: will dive under water, you will stick your head out, you will turn around, you will look to the rising sun, you You will duck down will cry out 'wa!', you will shout. head stick will under water, you out, you will look your across this way (i.e., north], straightway you will again You will duck down under water, you will shout 'wa!' head stick your out, again you will shout as before, you
where
it
will
look across yonder
(i.e.,
south).
You
will
duck down
go
xwa;
lE'b amxu'xwa fagwE'nEmix*, mxda'tcgw', aminxa'nauEnx' igu'cax, wa' 'mxu'xw', aga ko'pt, amxatklwa'ya."
aga a'ngadix* ugwi'ht'ix* ifgna'htat qxEmx'i'udEmax itanlfqliq ilxklwa'iulkl. " 5 Qxnulxa'ma N^qxi qsakliÊlk wa'tul iwa d EmxElya'xdau
watu'l,
x
:
'Qa
andi'mamabEt
ga'gwa, imipu
agEmu'xwa
x
ya lud wa'tul; p'u' agEmu'xwa k^'E'ldix', x k u ldix- amu'mda." Ya r xtau qxe r dau gatc
c
qxE ntx bama kla/y' i^mqt kwo dau iLalxeVulx, a'watci da'ukwa iyu^max gilgElxu'lal. Aga ga nuit nkla^kac bama' x 10 k!a ya qxa'ntcix itctcgE'mEm da'minua tktxe'wulx k!ma x 1 ia tkEl dan xleu iyu^max, qE'nEgi lka n kla'ya ganigi x x Cma'ni k!a y' ika ba w^malba ix'tma'xix- aknfm ialgwilit.
x
;
;
a watci abu d i^luxt

a watci
r
laka'xt' ihcqoa' 'lEnxElgwo'da.
Abu
'knfm Icta'cq tcagE^qlix- tclElboîl da'minua r 15 qxi ma'nk ts!u nus a-itsa's. Qxfdau.
a'-ic
1 1
RAINBOW AND MOON
SIGNS.
x
Incak!e cmanix
x
wima^ bama. Cma'nix ayutxwi'da 2 imqxa

x
tc
Qa xba Li'xatmax qucti axa ya'xdau alxdu'ma ilgagilak. r x iak!a mEla iia'mqxatc. Cma'nix tcagvva'-ix cpa k aga'Lax x alaxu xa, annE'nEna ala'xlaya yaxa cma'nix itlu^ti ila'mDa'ukwa tcaxE'lqxIix aga alulaMda 20 qxatc yaxa tca'ctcic. r r cma'nix ia'klamEla imqxa'tc, ka nawi dan alixu'xwa iltga
; ;
dan "vvika'q yaxa da'uka ila'mqxatc itlu'kti alixu'xwa Lla L!a k!ma tcaxElqxlix. Da uya t!u nwit incax ki^cmanix na'qxi nca'imadikc incaxEûit qxi dau ya xka
icgfiti
ikxa'lal
r
Literally,
"what
its
name
a guardian spirit."
"Not what"
nothing.
under water, you

to
will
stick
your head out, you

shout 'wa!'
will
look
the
setting
sun,
you
will
You
will
will
duck
your
;
down under water

head
out,
for the fifth time,
you
stick
you
I
will
look up to the sky.

fire
Then enough
you
will return
home."
Now when
On
the
came home, a
was already burning.

were dangling.
I
ends of
my
head-hair
icicles
"Don't be looking at the fire; turn away would be told: from it, present your buttocks to the fire. It will quickly blow at you and make you .grow quickly." That is how I was done to in order not to be sick and in order to be strong, or, just so, in order to prepare one for a And indeed ever since I was a child I guardian spirit. have never been sick I have always been strong. But not at all have I seen anything that they call a guardian 1 I do not know what it is like. Sometimes, spirit, in the it is in a is no ice there river, present although water I in that same would boat bathe a canoe or In winter the water of a boat or canoe always myself.
; ;
freezes,
which
is
just a
little
bit cool.
Thus.
1 1
RAINBOW AND MOON
SIGNS.
(These are) our signs, 2 a rainbow appears, truly

give
birth to a
child.
If
it
who
(it
dwell along the river. If signifies) that a woman will

in
Once
a while
(this
some one has a

that)
bad rainbow.
sun
will
is
summer,
signifies
the
be strong, he will sting and burn; if, however, he has a good rainbow, then it will be nice and cool. Just so in winter snow will fall, when the rainbow bad everything (bad) will happen is rain, west wind,
;
or
east
wind.
it
Just
rainbow,
will
one has a good be nice and warm, even though it be

so,
however,
(if)
Literally "stands."
192
1 we'mat; qxi'dau ka'nawi da'-itcka ki'kct ada'wawat. ma'x aqxigElgEla'ya mokct ixtka'dix; quct ya'xdau
Ixtic-
qli'nya.
ak u Lmi n xa'bixix iqlexa'nEba qlwa'p tcu'wat ina'tkadix ya xdau quct aâ q!wa p qau alxu xwa ilgag'ilak. Cma nix aqxagÊÊlaya ak cguVat ctmokct icql^xa'nEba ya xdau ifgagHak kw6 dau icga'xan alxLa'-ida. Yaxa cmaîx wa xix aqxax r 7 u u gE lgElaya ak Lmi'n imqxa tc yaxLa dak t quct ya xdau
Cma'nix
x
aqxagE'lgElaya
10 aqxhdtpcu'da.
TcaxE'lqIix
;
w^xwax
x
akuLtnrn atkbaMwa
tsmanrx
Engi.
qxu'qEmit
k.'aya'
x
aluxwa'nimananma
tcaq alixu'xwa
x
;
ada kcEn
pu
ala-
Itkll'lawa iaga
il
itca
ma sa
xu xwa
12.
x
SHAKER GRACE AT TABLED
Ma'ri na ika
x
15 ipfa/x anie lux' aktu'tk.
da'm. 3
x
Ag' inigF/mla-it ilaMam. NgitxudiÊmtck Ifd ilkeVax JlaDa uya (pointing with right hand to head) wia'm,
wa'naqc!
x
da'uya (pointing
it!u kti
to
6reastJya.xB?n, da'uy' (pointing to heart)
yagoÊnil.
Qfdau gw^nisim
itlu'kti.
"Kikct" is a term that embraces the various Literally "they 'kikct' their-speech." probably mutually intelligible dialects of Upper Chinook Wasco, Wishram, White Salmon (= Mooneys' Chiluktwa), Hood River and Cascades (Kwikwulit), and
1
:
Kathlamet and Clackamas.

2
Of
the
three
Christian sects
now
represented
among
the Indians of
Yakima
193
winter.
This,
to
be
sure,
is
rams alone.
all
Thus indeed
as
all
the sign of us Wish the river thus (believe) .along
not
those
who speak
we
do. 1
Sometimes two (rainbows)
are seen at once.

If at
night the
to
is
moon
Truly that (signifies) twins. is seen with a star closely followIf
ing
her
one
stars
side, that truly (signifies that)
woman
with
soon to become a widow.

that
the
now some moon is seen
two
it
woman
when
about
will
is
following her, (signifies that) the die and her two children will die. Now if,
it,
yet daylight, the moon is seen with a rainbow truly that (signifies that) somebody will be
secretly.
murdered
In
winter,
(when)
the
moon
shines
;
very brightly, the people all go out, plainly she is seen they never point her out to one another with their fingers. It is a bad sign, a great frost will take place the moon
;
would become ashamed
(if
pointed
at).
12.
SHAKER GRACE AT TABLED
Mary,
my
the
mother!
tables.
3
Now
This
Now
light
this
shall put
medicine into
is
am sitting at the table. my spirit. Help me, give

the
father,
this his
for his
son,
good good (= Amen).

A number
heart
(=
the
holy
ghost).
Thus always
Reservation (Catholics, Methodists, and Shakers), the Shakers are probably the most
religious.
of
Wishram hymns and
religious
texts
are in use
among
Pt.
them.
2,
3
See Mooney, The Ghost-Dance Religion (Hth An. Report Bur. ofEth.,
This probably means, "Illuminate
pp. 746-763).
my
spirit while I eat."
13
II.
194
III.
LETTERS.
i.
Ninigi'tg' imitcla'xwi.
Aga
ya ninix'matkli'nuaba itcE'lx nimxtki'm kla'ya kwo'ba yaxEmakH'quhitf ya'lqdix' alitklwa' alakwida. cma' Aga da'yax tq!'x Endu'xt anxElEqla'xida x 5 nix Lqla'p pu aniugumakirnuaba itcE lx da uya klmaâ x lidix\ Tq!e x Endi^xt anxitqJa'xida ma^kayamt kVlt
r
ninx^tx'witck^ pu ninu' k!m' aga ninigi'tg' imitda'xw

sa'q
Ninxfthixwan pu anu'ya k^^dix* q!a tsEn w6 r gw' aga na x qxi nxE'lqtat da x n aniu r xwa.
anxitqla'xida
ag'
acEnxat
x
x
Qa
dEc ga nui
maika'yamt.
x
Na'qx'
itlu'kti-ix-
10
gwax k!ma na qxi dnux Enx^mad itctc^mEm

Si-ic
inxgigla x k!ma dnu:

x
na qx'
itlu^ti-ix-
inxg^glagwax lux'wa^
qxE nEgi
Amixa'n M.
W.
2.
nindi'mam mo^ctba wi gw; Niniqi Lgix, ninxatk!wa yaîlxam di^din. Ninigi^g' igoalilx itcxa^ kwaic ia'
,
15
gwomEnil klma'
x
dnux na'ikab' itkxa dagwax kl^ya ya

7
x
gwoÊnil wi't!' ix't wi gwa. Iba^tEn idiaxila'lit nigixtkfn k!a ya yagoÊnit m^kct tfgwoÊx q!a tsEn. Nadida nui tgaxi lalit digEmxaâpx*. AyaniEl^xwam' itcla^wi qxa n tcix wi t!a cmaîx itcx'a'n alidE'niEqta. Inxl^xwan k.'a'y
x
x
20 ayamgrtgElx
yalqdix*.
Cmaî
can
fgnuûl na
gwat:
amxaLikud'tcgwa itcxa'nba. Akx'a'n nigi'mElutam itcla' x xwi Juxwa n nimig^tga. Ya r xtau itc.'a^wi nimi x nit nigi di'mam ninu'yabEt. Qxfdau da'uda sa x q u
; . 1
The
four letters here given
were translated into Wishram by
my
interpretei
Pete McGuff, from the English versions given unaltered above, written by Indiar who have been to school. The idea that prompted the procuring of these trans
195
III.
LETTERS.
i.
I was got your letter. ready to go and change my land, but after I got your letter you said the allotmentagent would be gone for a while, so then, now I want
to
time to change my land, if I wait until this fall. You let me hear from you soon. I thought I would over and stay two weeks but now pretty soon go
if
I
know
will
be
in
I'll
sure
be busy and I don't hardly know what to do. Be and let me hear from you soon, I'm not feeling
I
very well although

feel
am
not
down
sick,
but
just don't
good somehow.
Your daughter M. W.
2.
-.fun
rap
started for
home and
found
my
he
are
won't
poor boy still live another day.

I'll I'll
got here Tuesday at 10 o'clock, alive but still, in my judgment,

said he
could not live for
The white doctor two days at first. The Indian

write
doctors
if
working on him.
dies.
I
some time again
my
son
don't think
anyone knows me I son. My daughter wrote you, I suppose you got the The letter you wrote me came when I was gone. letter.
This
lations
If see you for a long time. wish you let them know of my poor
is
all.
was mainly
to secure a small
body of
illustrations of verb forms not ordi-
narily found except in conversation.
196
KLICKITAT VERSION OF SAME LETTER. l
Wi'namAc, tu'xEmAc, ya/nawiAC nE'plklwipa pu'tAmtpA

I
came,
came home,
arrived here
second-day-on
ten-at
Au'yaxnAc inEmi cnua'i mife'riEc a'xwi wa'qUc time. I found child still alive my poor ku inmi'pa pxuf tcaw iwa'da anatcia'xi na'xc lk!wi'. Kxu'ix
wie'slikt.
and
my-in
judgment not
he will
live
/
again
one
day.
White
twa'ti
doctor
(i)na'txaana
he said
tcaw
not
iwo utk u ta
he will stay over night
nl'pt.
two.
Tl'n
Indian
twa'tima
doctors
paku'tkutca bowapi'tACA.
they are
A'natclaximAc
Again
I
mun
some
time
nfikta tr
will give
letter
working
they are helping
you
him.
MxE'lqlat
di'ndin
iklu'n
qE'nEgi
x
ninxtki'xax
niamqi'LqbEt.
x
Ninxa
it
tx
tcâ'nba ô^q ilgwo'max.

ci t!ix-
May
/
la'ktix*
>
nigatgu
mo'kct
itcinxfma.
x
5 L.'a'g
Itcgwo'mEntf inxu'woq. qVdaâ x nxE itcxa^ Na'qxi lEqlat qEÊg' anxu'xwa; sa^ i^mEqt.
iki
u niga-ixaLa k dix sitkum c x a'lEma k a dux\ Ancgiu'tg'
sun"' itcxa'n
ax
Inxhi'xwan
na'ikaba
p'
11
Yak^xtau wHx ninilxiga'mam na qxi nxE'lEqIat pu w^t!' anu'ya yaxda^bo wflx. AmxtkliÊmtcxu'gwaya cmaîx
x
;
p'
x
anigElga'ya
wi^x
bam'
iJxga
gEnkc
10 k!a ya
pu
wi't.'ax
yakla'mEla-ix'
gwio'qt anxu'xwa. u inxlu'x'wan saq
Ha
cmanix k!a ya, x ai nkâx k!a ya

;
Kla'ya tla'y' iqi'ux. x r wi t!' alu nikc Nadida'nuit

qs'nEg'
15
nil.
E'nEg' iba'ctEn idiaxilalit Ninigi tg'
aga
inxklwo'kct.
kwo dau
tgaxilalit.
Na'qxi nxE'lEqlat
anxu'xwa.
.
K!a ya dan nigEtnh/xwan itcgwo'mE-
Da'uda sa'qu
Inasmuch as very
text
little
the above short
may not be
western Sahaptin material has ever been published, Doubtless the phonetics of entirely unwelcome.
the fact that the letter
the Sahaptin have suffered
somewhat through
was
transla-
197
pa'iAcnAc mun Llia'uida if my some time will die
qli'nuda
shall see
A'swAn.
boy.
Pa'-icmac
If I
tca'u
not
mun
some
time
you
a'natc.'axi
again
wi'atlic
for long time
mi'ckinnAmAca
I
bacu'gadaxnai
would
let
wish you
me
know
inEmi'ki
my-about
cE'nwai
poor
a'swan
boy
mie'nAc.
child.
ini'am
she gave
ti'mac
letter;
c c
pa'-icnAm
perhaps you did
wu'npA.
get
it.
InEmi mie'nAc a'iat child female My Ti'mAc nAmni'ma wi'Letter
you me gave
you
HAHAC k u'k nAc tcau watcA'.

went
then
I
not
was.
3-
You know
Well,
I
in
what condition
was
in
when
left
you.
stayed with
:
son passed away. will bury him to-morrow. Well, my heart is broked. I feel like I'd like to kill myself. I don't know what to do, lost my only sweet son. The boy I was there to get land for, but I lost him and don't know if I'll come that place
4th, at 2
30 P.M.
my my
son eight days.
Yesterday,
May
We
again.
if
You
I
ask
if I
can get land for

feel
still
my
grandchildren
I
not, well,
won't try noway again.
fied,
can
I
nothing to try to save

white
make me
Well, bad, as
am
got
satisall
I
my
I'll
son.
But they
I
failed to cure him.

I
got
all.
doctor and besides three Indian doctors.

do.
don't
is
know what
don't care for
my
life.
This
ted
is
by Pete McGuff, a Wishram. A is to be pronounced long open e. 2 Chinook Jargon for "noon ;" literally, "half day."
like
in English but,
198
Ninigi'tg'
imitcla'xwi
wi'tla.
a'ngadix-
klwafe'
maika'yamt
xi'tcmoq
S.
Idia'giutgwa'xix'
ninxitqla'xit ninxitlu'xwa-it nin;
nagwa'tx aga x Kaâuwe pla'la di'ka ya'-ima cpa'g pla'la da'ya da pt. x x r 5 ixlfldix- da ya da'pt. Nintguxwatca'mit qa uatk' iguna d
x
k!ma Mrs. M. icdatcgE'mEm
idiaga qctagokc
nintxatklwaîtambEt.
;
James F.
r
Grand
r
q'a uat. nigidiâm pt aga x Aga kxwo'pt Mrs. A. di ka nigaxtkâx niktu kl qVuat. Wi't!' agEwu^x* Daflles-ia.m\. dfka nigaxtki'ax; niktu'kl x 7 x 10 q'a'uat. Aga kxw6 pt kla'ya Ia blat duk!wa -itix\ Nintx^matga'b' itcafnnerykz. sqfLak k!ma A. niginitctu
x
-,
Ro' nde-vdsntf.
kxw6
agakcE nb' ix'qleValal iek^lEx. Aga kxwo^t 7 x x x p!a la ni ntxatx k!a ya lga blad uxwoqle'walal. \\.ca'nnery r x x b aluxwatbi/x^da qxe'waba k!a ya Jga blad uq!oa aga x 15 xwoqleValal wi'malba. K!ay' itl^kti-ix inxgigEla gwax ninx dimamba/t Ya'kima-ya.m\. aga kxwo^t kla'ya lga blad x r x inuxwaca'mit uxwoql^walal. Da'uya sa q u da uyaba da pt;
gi tga wi'inqt
;
qxe dau ag' anixbua'ya. x b' ilgwoâx nxlu xwan.
Andu y'
Nki'ax
iduna'yaxiamt qxa uatami'iUxix
199
4-
some time ago and was glad to hear from you again. I was sorry to hear that S. and I Mrs. M. were sick. hope they are well by now. are all well down here but the weather is very warm at
I
received your letter
We
present.
We
dried
came home and and Mrs. A. was here and took some and my niece from the Dalles was here and took some and we haven't very
After we only a few salmon-heads. James F. of Grand Ronde took some
many
left.
We
poison
fish
worked
in
in the cannery awhile but A. got salmon her thumb and we quit as there is not many
anyway.
fish
The cannery
the river.
I
will
soon close as there's not

felt
many
This
is
in
haven't
I
very well since

dry
I
came home from

all
I
Yakima and
start
I
didn't
much
must
fish.
can think of for this time.

to
for
So
close.
We
are
going
I
the huckleberry patch in a
few days,
think.
remain
Your
cousin
2OO
IV.
NON-MYTHICAL NARRATIVES,
i.
1 QUARREL OF THE WiSHRAM.
Luxwa'la-itixitix'
ila'xluit
Wa'qlEmaba
galu'kw'
;
2
;
fqa'uadikc Ixe'la-
Wa'qlEmaba tqa'uadikc
txe'la-itix*
wi'lxamba
cu'lulululu.
3
Nix'-
lu'idix'ba.
Aga kxwo'pt
x
agwi'xqwix
ca'xalix'.
Aga kxwo'pt gafga'xtcmoq

5
gaqa'ltcmoq
:
Aga
:
kxwo'pt Fxat gali'kim

a
x
i'x*ad ika la gali'kim

:
"Icga'gitcpa iqa^tcmoq."
x
"Iqa^tcmoq itco'k^xatpa." rxat gal^kim

tslu'm
r
ltga piqba
iqa'ltcmoq."
Aga kxwo^t
Galxdina^
;
gaJxu'x.
Aga
di'na,
kxwo'pt galgu gwig' ilaga'matcx.

galxwo'q kaâmokct.
Kxwopt
r
a ga galx-
p!a la galxu'x.
10
kxwo'pt alalxriuxula da ukwa itctagi tcxutkc ictaxala cti'gEmuxt, watch cx^gEmuxt; yaxa' yax ayax^lxutx'
Aga
x
itguna
ctuxuâl, iciaxa'la cti'gEmuxt.

galxe'la-it
;
kwo'ba
kw6 ba
galxdi na
:
ga lxux p!aT aga ga lxux.

itE lx
x
;
Lu
Aga
kxwo'pt galki'm
ita'xluit
"Lluya' qatgi ag' alxi/ya
15 qxa'damt; i^luyaf nilxa'tx itelxaxalukc ag' algiu'naxla x wflx." Aga kxwo'pt galgu gwiga icgE'nEmax. Aga
x
kxwo'pt
galu ya.
x
Yaxtaba'2
;
galu'ya Walawalaba
x
Ac-
nEmba^
nuLlaba/2
galu ya
NuL!a-ikba
;
galu'ya
na'wit
x
;
NuLla'na'wit
na^wit gahi ya x 20 Wisu'mba gahi'ya; na'wit Ta'malanba galu ya-, na'wit x x x aunaba galu ya na wit wiqxalba 2 * galigli/ya-ix' Po'uwankiutba^ gata'gluya; nax wit Xit!a iba galu'ya;
galu'ya
; ;
StslEmtsiba^
Txa
i-
na'wit na'wit
See Mooney, op.

travelled
is
cit.,
Wishram
2
mythical, but
the Spokane, not the Yakima. separated from the myths because of
up
pp. 740, 741, according to whose version the emigrant Of course the tale is purely
its
pseudo-historical character.
village which village Nixlu'idix or Wu'cxam.

3
Wishram
was a short distance up the river from the main
Very high pitch.
IV.
NON-MYTHICAL NARRATIVES. i. A QUARREL OF THE WiSHRAM.

1
The Wishram were

them were dwelling
dwelling at
at
2 some of WVq.'Emap Wa'qlEmap, some of them were

;
Now then a duck flew dwelling at the village Nixlu'idix. over their heads. And then they heard it, it made a
noise: shu'lulululu. 8
Now
beak."
then one
man
"It
said:
"It
made
the
noise with
its
its
One
said:
said:
"It
made
the
the noise
noise with
with
its
nostrils."
One
made
So then they got to arguing. And then wings." seized their arrows. Then indeed they fought, both they
parties killed each other.
They fought and fought
(until)
they ceased.
And then, (whenever) any one fished with dip-net, thus two men provided with quivers remained near their friend,
him while he, the dip-net fisherman, Three caught salmon, his two friends staid near him. years passed by and there they dwelt there they fought
kept watch
over
;
,
(until) at last they ceased.
And
Wishram now go
fore
said:
off
"Being
in
;
then (one party of) the some way disgraced, let us

be-
somewheres
we have become disgraced

us
our
friends.
Now
let
go
to look for (another)
country."
off.
So then they took cedar planks and then went
yonder they went, among the Wallawalla. They went on past AcnE'm. They went on past NuiJa'-ik. They went straight on past NurJa'nuiJa. They went They went straight on past straight on past StslE'mtsi. Wisu'm. They went straight on past Ta'malan. They went straight on past Txa'iauna. Straight on they went
Way
to
a small river. 4
4
They went
straight
is
on to Po'uwankiut.
Without doubt the Yakima
meant.
2O2
gahi'ya SAtA'sba wi'qxal galu'ya 1 na'wit Pala'xiba gah/ya. hi'ya IiJu'mEniba
, ;
u ixco'q tba
na'wit ga-
Aga kwo'ba
5 galki'm
:
gahd'la-it.
Aga kxwo'pt
itguna't itsu'iha
aga'kwal ick.'a'daqxi gafktu'x, gahtEÊmux.
Aga
kxwo'pt
"Qxwotxala' yakla'its wi'lx. Ag' alxu'ya i'wat r x r ikluV algi unaxlama wHx." Galu ya na 2wit Patixkwûtba,
x
aga da\iya wi gwa

galxila-it.
tfba'ctEn algiu
pgEna \Gafp ?
x
Kwoba'
r
YaMma
xaîx'ix*
alkdu'xwa itgu nat alalxf-
3 luxufa; yaka'xdau ya'xliu wilx IxElExtgi'dix'. Aga wi t!a 10 galki'm: "Qxwotxa'la yakla'its wilx." Aga wi'tla gaJu'ya
Da'uya wi gwa nio^xumit qa xba r Itk!a lamatpa ickE nmax galxidla'-itix' ila'xluit ga^gadix ixi nxat; qxeVa nxE'lqtat galgûkl icgEÊmax qxaâgatci x nxlu'xwan laîtcka ilacgE'nEmax ifo/xluit; dala x pu galgafgii/naxlam
r
wi^x.
15
dE'mqt.
Aga
wi^x
20
wi
t!a
galu'ya galgiu'naxlam
r
r
wHx, galklaû.
Ga-
Mu'xwa-it:
"Algu'gwiga itguna t Iga^lat qa'matg' itlu'kti / aga kwo ba alxfla-ida." Galu'ya na 2wit Wi'natc4 caba; gafu'yam ila^luit. Aga kwo'ba galxfla-it galxtwi'tla galki'm Aga "Ag' alkla'yuwa." x x x wi t!a kxwo'pt tga'p galgigE lga wi'lx itgu nat galkla'yu.
la' 2 it.
Aga
was not found possible to definitely locate all of these Sahaptin place-names. was somewhat east of Wasco; NuL!a'nui,!a was about 2\ miles east of Nixlu'idix; Txa'iauna was at Summit, within the limits of Yakima Reservation and some distance south of Fort Simcoe; Po'uwankiut was at Canyon, near Summit;
1
It
NuL'.a'-ik
SA'IAS
is
represented
by
Satus
Creek
of to-day; Ii.'.u'mEni was
at
the head of
Canyon Creek; Pala'xi was said by Pete to be near Wenatchee, north of North Yakima (if this is correct, the name is evidently misplaced in the narrative, as it should come after "The Gap"). The course of the supposed migration was thus
east for a short distance along the
the
Columbia and the Yakima, and then along the Yakima
Columbia, then north across the divide between to the Wenatchee.
203
They went
straight
on past
Xit!a'i.
on past a dried-up small river. past SA'tAs. They went straight went straight on to Pafa'xi- 1
They went straight They went straight on on past IIui'mEni. They
Now
ate
is
there
they
remained.
And
eels,
then
Chinook salmon, blueback salmon,

them.
small.
they caught and suckers they

;
And
then they said:

let
Now
us
go
off
"Behold! the country yonder, let us look for
another country." They went straight on to Patixkwi'ut; now to-day white people call it "The Gap." 3 There they remained. Only at night do people catch salmon (there),
they
is
fish
with dip-nets.
3
The name
of that
same country
And again they said: "Behold! the And again they went on, went to seek country To this day I see where (those) Wish(another) country. ram used to live long ago. Among the rocks cedar
IxElExtgi'dix.
is
small."
boards are standing. That is how I know that they took cedar boards with them, so that I think they are the cedar boards of them, the Wishram perhaps some may
;
have died
(there).
went to look for (another) moved. country. They thought to themselves They " We will get lots of salmon far away somewheres there is a good They went country, and there we will dwell." 4 straight on to Wenatchee; (there) the Wishram arrived.
again
they went on,
: ;
And
And there "Now let

They
2
And then they said: they dwelt, dwelt long. And then again they moved. us all move." took a country for themselves (where there were)
is the narrow pass through which the Yakima flows in breaklow south of the town of North Yakima. the range ing through 3 This is its Wishram name, and may be approximately translated as "the
"The Gap"
where two mountains nearly touch." kima term.

place
*
Patixkwi'ut
is
the Klickitat or Ya-
In
the
country
of the
Salish
Wenatchee
R., a western tributary of the Columbia.
Piskwaus or Winatshi, who dwelt along the See Mooney, op. cit., p. 736.
2O4
Iga'blat
kwo'dau
Jxe'la-itix'
u itq ctxi'Lawa
Iga'blat.
kwo'ba
na'ika
na'wit
5
ag'
a'ic
ila'xluit.
Da'uya wi'gwa Cma'nix p' anu'ya

algnu'gulaqixa
x
;
na'wit
p'
x
anuya'ma tfaxlu'itpa, Da'uya wi'gwa alginuwo'gwa.

p'
la'-itcka ila'xluit
i
galgigE'lga
wi'lx
palala'i
'tgu nat
nca'ika.
palala
u 'tq ctxi
Lawa
k!ma
na qxi
incklu^xumit
Qe
dau
Mu xwan
x
ila^luit.
2.
PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF THE PAIUTE WAR. 1

x
Simpson soldier ganixtk^xax mo^ct ilE lx x 2 galuxwadi naxba idE^xam aqluwa^wa pu Itluwa'nxayukc. "Amc10 Gaqxi ntcit iqaÊmit icta'mx {soldiers gatci'ntcit: 7 r x a-iLa ila wan, a-iLqlo^b amckh/wagwa iltlua'nxayukc;
ika Louis
x
;
Na
kJu'xwa iaqxa'qctaq, amcgagE^g' alaâlxat. Aga kxwo^t x x x Lq!u b amcklu^wa ilatu k ctaîlxam ick!i tcax amcgix^ma
;
ilaqxa qctaq iftli/anxayukc."

15 fxat
ia'xliu
Ya wiwa;
fxat \chief Pala'i-ini 8 x tcdalxeVulx icdaklaÊla icka la

la'xliu
icta^x.
Itcalilxam
agalax
x
gantcu'ya.
x
Na qxi
x
wfxatba
20
gu Lqb' intcak.'aîunak k!un

;
xam
gantcuûix. 7 sfnEmokcrfgal, da pt ganci/ya idE^x Itlu^nxayukciamt. Aga kxwo^t gantcklgE lgax wf-
aga Lax
Gantcu ya
gancklg^tkEl x fxt
xatba
Juwa n
gwEÊmikc
;
k!au gantckl^xax
ilnf/mckc.
NaVit kla'uiltlua^xayukc. kl^ya ilkaûkc laMma ilqaôtin k!ma
Aga kxwo^t gantcgiguoôx Gantcoûix. ilga wulqt gantcxifxwox k^nauwe. Aâ kxwo'pt x 25 ka dux galfkim intca'ctamx mcxE^kilx ag' amcE"Agâ
sa q u
r
Louis
or Snake Indian War spoken of in this personal narrative of Simpson has been described in detail under the title of "The Shoshone War" (1866-1868) in H. H. Bancroft's History of Oregon, Vol. II., Chap. XXI. The war was conducted against the Oregon Shoshones of Mal(pp. 512-554). heur River and Camp Warner, the whites being assisted by a considerable body of
1
The Paiute
Indians from
Warm
Spring Reservation.
205
lots
of
salmon
and
lots
of
deer.
To
I
this
day they
If
dwell
I
there
and they are

should
just nothing but Wishram.

off
until
go off, go Wishram, they would recognize me; straightway they would kill me. To this day they, the Wishram, hold the land (where are) many salmon and many deer, but we Thus believe the Wishram. people have not seen them.
should
came
to (those)
2.
PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF THE PAIUTE WAR. 1
I,
Louis Simpson, was soldier for two years when the
2 were to be killed. people fought, (when) the Paiutes The order was given to us, the chief gave it to us sol-
diers
their
"You
bellies
shall slay the Paiutes.
You
shall rip
open
and cut
their
heads
you
shall take hold of

;
their scalps.
And
The name
put 3 of one (Paiute) chief was Pala'i-ini, the name of another was Yawi'wa 3 they were both of them strong
;
you
shall
then you shall cut through their necks the heads of the Paiutes ten paces off."
and wicked men,
chiefs.
At
10
o'clock
we
started
off.
We
did
not see any
We on the way. At 8 o'clock we camped. of this started off one hundred and seventy us, many did we people start off towards the Paiutes. And then we
(Paiutes)
trail. Immediately we children and wonot were bound them they men, only men. We camped. And then we dreamt that we all became covered with blood. And then in the morning "Now do you make a fire and I shall our chief said: So then we got up from bed, and tell you something."
caught about
5
five
Paiutes on the
2
3
the Paiutes, really Ih'.ua'nxayukc, used to refer to
means "enemies."
These names are probably Bancroft's Panina, the leader of the Paiutes, and
(op.
cit.,
Wewawewa
p.
55)-
206
Aga kxwo'pt gantcxla'i-itckox. Aga kxwo'pt gantcklgE'lgax tfqta't. Aga kxwo'pt gantcgla'lamx aga Aga kxwo'pt gali'kim it!6'xyal tcpa'q gantcgla'lamx.
lukli'tcgwa."
1
;
:
"Ag' amcElukfr'tcgwa mca'ika qE'nEg' inixgigwa'gwa. 5 Dau' aga'fax ag' alxla'-id' ag' infgE'lkEl tftlu'anxayukc. Cma'nix a'lEm' alxklgs'lgEla acxu'xwa icgilti." Qi'dau
gantcglaâmx iqta t gantcwi t!a fxad ika la gal^gimx gi'guqlxix. Aga "Ag* amcEluklftcgwa qE nEg' inikigw^gwa na it!ax. NigilgElgali'gimx itlu'xyal.
x
x
:
Aga
wi
t!a
10 taql
iqwo^wo 'g' ulpgdi^md agaâx. Aga kxwo^t 3 Qfdau inixkigwo'gwo. gElga iqwo^wa iaân iaîma. 3 4 wa^ ma^ galuxwa xax id aLgi Aga kxwo^t
r x
il
Htlânxayukc k!wa c gatxu'xwax-, galktcaûmx. Aga kxwo'pt gayutcu^tixix. Aga kxwo^t gantcgi/gigax idki'15 udanikc; gantckdaVixax itkafaîdmat tkiuda nikcba. Aga " M^kct mokct amcu'ya kxwo'pt gatcintculxamx icta^x x na cqxi amcxElpIaâwulalama da uya w^gwa." Aga kxwo^t
x
11
:
galiîmx ictafmx^ "Da'ulax iltsE^di itlu'ktix amtsk^klftka. Cmaîx a x lEma amtcklgE^gEla da'ulax iltsE^di a'lEma x x 20 i'w' alxu xwa wflxba h/nix ag' aÊma kxwo^t i w' amcr aÊma da ukw' amcxi/xwa." xa'txa ka'nauwe Aga
:
kxwo'pt
agalu'ya
gantcu
l^nix
x
ix
r
;
quctâxa
ilt!u
anxayukc
klwoîxix
x
i
iltsE^di
;
galuskE'nEmux.
i'wi
xu xwax
25
i'wi
gahci/xwax wl^xba.
Aga kxwo^t Aga kxwo^t

ihlua^xayukc
x
wi gal-
GantcklgE^gElx sfnEmokct alaûl. ifa/qlimax
gantcu
ix
ntca'ikaba.
Aga kxwo^t L!a k gatcûxwax icta^x qxeîgikctim. Aga kxwo^t gali "Na cqxi Paiute soldiers laîtcka." Kxwopt gimx icta'mx
Kxwopt
a ga
11
:
icgHti
11
gacx^xwax.
30 gaqxa'gElgax
1
adox
x
,-
capca p gaqu xwax; pa^ itgaâtcx.

wood
The
into
it,
iqta't
it
:
is
a piece of hard ^^|.
that has a series of semicircular notches
cut
over
"thrilling"
Another piece of wood was rubbed up and down sound resulting. In the war dance, as practised by the
simultaneous
Wascos, singing
dancing.
and the
rubbing
of the
iqta't
accompanied
the
207
we took hold of now strongly we sang.

then
I
iqta't-sticks.
And
then
we
sang,
And
then the hero said:
"Now
you people what I dreamt. Now this day we shall die, I have seen the Paiutes. If we are to see them, will rain." it Thus said the hero. And again we sang, rubbed the iqta't-sticks together. And again one man
shall tell
said
"
:
Now
shall tell
you what
I,
for
grizzly bear ran away from us towards the setting sun. And then we caught only the grizzly bear's son. 3 Thus
my
part, dreamt.
did
dream."
then the people yelled their war-whoop The Paiutes became afraid, they cried.
3
And
4
wa-j-
and
then
ma-f-.
And
daylight came. saddles on the
And
then
we got
horses.
Now
then
the horses and put the then the chief said to us

:
"You
you
three
shall
go two by two; you

the
shall not talk to
one
another
shall
And to-day." well keep.
chief said:
"This flag
Whenever
do."
you see this flag

shall
all
move
look
off.
times
from the ground, then you

shall
about.
Thus you
there
And
then
we
started
;
were Paiutes not very far away now the Truly And then it moved, three flag went on, went ahead. So then we went and times it moved from the ground. We saw houses of the looked about among ourselves.
Paiutes-,
they had seven

it
fires.
Then indeed
are
not
Paiute
;
started in to rain.
And
then the chief
took out a spy-glass.
And
full
soldiers."
it
then the chief said: "They Then a box was taken and
of bullets. 5
chopped open
*
3
was
And
then they
That
This
the
is,
"male cub."
is
sound
against
*
open mouth.
broken up into short periods by quickly beating the palm The pitch of the vowel is very high, a shrill effect
5
resulting.
As
before, but whispered.
Literally, "arrows."
208
Aga
kxwo'pt gaqhi'tx Ifxat

t!a't!a
itka'la
gwE'nEmalgal.
Aga
kxwo'pt
gaqtu'xwax itgoa'lala ka'nauwedan \\pistol ; Aga kxwo'pt gaqa'wigitkax itgoa'lala kwo'dau itklE'nEt. I'xt ikiu'tan t!a't!a tla'ya galuxwa'xax idE'lxam. t'.a'ya
itpfq.
5 gaqi'uxax; da'b'
grmx.
Aga Aga kxw6
itp^q gayaîts ikiu tan k!a u gaqdHuxax x x u kxwo^t "Ag' alxu ya sa q alxklu'xwa" galpt itki^daniukc gantcugwaâ-itx. r x u gantcirtx sa q gantckl^xwax ilt!ua n7
kxwo'pt xayukc, sfnEmokct
Aga
alaûl
x
sfnEmokct
x
;
Wqlimax.
x x
Aga
7
10
daniukc kxwo^t tclpa^ qlwo^ gantcklu xwamx. Aga kxwo^t qe dau gantcklu wax inxi amxulumax wa/8 2 Ikl^p Iklu^ galuxwa xax itgwa'lala. Aga
itkiu
x
gatgi x
galgi/gwigax ilaga x matcx. Iklu^ lk!up galuxwa xax qaâga Aga kxwo^pt x / u Fwi gantcxi/xwax wi'gwa 15 dagapga p itx dll t ito^lba. x 3 Yaxta^' gantcxd^nax. aga'lax plaâ gantcxu xwax. A-i-
kxwo^t
gatktxwi^x
\\.Paiutes
aga
L!a x
ife/wan,
lilxam
a-ilqloa^ ilaûk, icki^cax ilaqxa^ctaq.
a-ilq!oa
ana^xat,
cta
ickla^kac
a -ixad
agagi lak
GantckcgE^gax fxad ika'la
ctmo^ct
ikla'ckac.
20 Gantcklu'dinax
afati'lx labla'd.
Kw6 pt
x
xaîxix galixu'xwax.
x
xwax; wa pul
Kxwopt watch gantcxu ganckca'wiglagwatckox itkiu daniukc. Aga

7
kxwo^t
r
ittslfnonks
x
gaqxaVitcmoqax
qucti
axa
aîxad
ak!a ckac gaJgaÊlga xa'bixix galgantcxtaîtx.
GanxE !x
:
25 tcmoq na ika (whistling]. Aga kxwo^t gatcnu^xamx ika la a Mi x a lElxaâm. Wi x t!a Jkli/na-itc watch alxu'xwa." Aga
kxwo^t ganlulxam:
"
Mcgu'yutk
7
Ik!u
na wi
t!ax
x
7 ildi -
mam
xwax ihlua^xayukc." Aga kxw6 pt watch gantcxu x antca'tilx tkiudaîukcba. Gayutc^ktixix. Aga wi t!a gan-
30 tcu^x. w^tla
Aga
7
wi t!a
gantcklgE'lgax
;
kw6 ba galuxwad^nax
gaqxwo'qox.
1
Aga kxwo'pt
agag^lak Iklu'p galuxwadi'nax

;
ih!ua nxayukc. Aga r a niwad a'-ixad
lk!up
With
2 As above. Indicated by gesture. gesture towards the western horizon.
2O9
were given and all the
revolvers
out,
fifty
to
each man.
And
then the guns
pistols were carefully cleaned, the guns and were loaded. Now then the people were all
prepared.
ers
One
tied
were
horse was carefully fixed up; here 1 feathon to a bob-tailed horse, feathers. And
all
then they said: "Now let us then we rode the horses.
charge on them."
And
Now
utes
;
then
we
started out
fires,
they had seven
and all charged on the Paiseven houses. And then swiftly
the horses went, we came up close to them. thus we followed them with war-whoops
Now
:
then
2
;
wa-(-
the
guns were shot off. And then the Paiutes came to a stand and seized their bullets. Now then they shot
;
the
smoke
We
(was)
just darkened everything up about their houses. looked about and fought all day. (When) the sun
over
cut
there,
we
stopped.
(We) ripped open
their
bellies,
through their necks, cut off the scalps, (put down) their heads ten paces off. We caught two chilWe killed many of them, a dren, one girl and one boy.
great number.
Then
after
it
became
horses
all
night.
Then we kept watch, looked
then the horses were night. in truth the (Paiutes) had under cover heard to neigh seized one girl and run off with her from us. of darkness
the
;
Now
"Go tell them! and then a man said to me: Let some more of us keep watch." So then I went and a Some PaiYou fellows wake up then I told them And then many of us kept watch utes have come again."
I
whistled,
over
the
horses.
Daylight
appeared.
Now
again
we
and again we caught some Paiutes. And of the women was killed again they fought there; one And then they fought; bang, bang! went the guns. first.
started
off,
We
14
caught some women.

*
killed a Paiute,
we
shot at
Literally, "birds",
(=
"animals"), somewhat slangy for "horses."

II.
POBL. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL.
IO
Gantcgu'gwigax idnE'mckc. Na'ika galu'xwax itgwo'lala. ganidwo'q it!u'anxa; fklu'p gantci'katx; ya'xka ika'la it!u'-
anxa da'n
iatca't
iga'q
r
tEtx.
A-iiJa'x ia'wan gani'uxwax,
da n iaqla'qctaq. r r xba gantcxdiâxba, palala i idnE'mckc Ganuâmx qa x Palala^ agati^x ana'lxat iuxwa n laktlga''!. Ikabla't. Gaqx x tudi nax adaâlxat. Qe'dau galuxwadi na Pattttebb wflx x x ia'xleu Gwoph^ni 1 kwo dau wflx ia xleu Malhe'wa. 1 Aga x r 10 kxw6 pt gantcklu'dinax sa/q adati% gantcgu gwigax Paiute
11
ia'tuk, a-ilqlwa'b 5 xi'maxitx itlu'anxa
a-ilq!wa/b
ayana'fxat.
Kwo'ba
gali-
idnE'mckc.
Xa
bixix k!a uk!au gantcktu'xwax.

x
Aga
trtx
kxwo'pt gaqxE'ntcufx gantcu ix iaâ'il wilaâ adax itlânxayukc na 2wit ilklalaîmatpa gaqxE^tcukla\
max.
15
Aga kxw6
pt Jk!u p gaqcEntcli/xax.
x
Aga kxwo^t
gaqEntcupgna'iwanananumx mokctlga^ ilka lukc lalilxam x r ilka lukc iltloxiaûwimax tfatxeVulxumax wi t!ax. Kxwopt x laîlxam qxeÊmtkix gahci/xwax galuxwa xax qxiqla'qba gactxw^mox itkiu'danikc. Aga kxwo^t gatuskE'nEmx ilka'lukc mo'kct mokct, gantsu^gEnEm intca'niwax 20 dike. kxwo'pt naVid idE^xam intca gik6uba gatAga x gE ntcuwax kwo'dau intcaxiuManiukc itga'matcx gactxo'mox qxiq!a r qba idE^xam. Aga kxwo'pt gantcu^x ilk!a;
la'-imatba.
GatcEntcu^xamx
7
;
25 xa txa amcu'ya r xwa'txa itgwo'lala ag' aÊtna mco'it na qxi k.'wa'c amcxu'xwa. niqe^xslut. Aga da\ikwa IgucgiVal, iqxaÊmit r a ia'-ima alxla'-ida," gatcEntci/lxamx mcxû'qE nEgi Aga
;
\captain: a'natkadix.
"Na'qxi a'lEma Lu k amcCmaîx aÊma lk!u r b alu-
xwan ? a ga
30 imcktxa
x 7
tci
da ukw' amcxu'xwa ?
ate' amcxla'-ida, ca'xEl
idEmca^cEn."
intca kcEn.
Wi t!a
kxwo'pt eVi gantckti/xwax "Dau" nixE^gakwax gatclu'lxamx
Aga
1 It is practically certain that these names are nothing but disguised forms of the English Camp Harney and Malheur River.
21
him
I
he, the Paiute
man, had no
ripped open
his belly,
shirt on, he was naked. cut through his neck, cut off his
scalp.
There lay the Paiute without
his head.
arrived where
we had been
fighting
there were very
many women. There were very many scalps, perhaps Those to whom the scalps belonged had been forty. killed. Thus they fought in the Paiute country named and the Paiute country named Malhe'wa. 1 Gwopha'ni So then we killed them all and caught many Paiute women. At night we bound them. Now then we were taken, we went to a large lake (where) there were many Paiutes. Straightway we were And brought to the bridge, and then we were shot at. then we were called out by name, twenty men ten men
1
;
were brave warriors, also strong. Now ten were put in the rear; the pack-horses were put in the middle. And then the men went on in front two by two, we first went
then straightway the people followed us in back of us, and our pack-horses for the bullets in the middle of the people. Now then we went up to the
in
on
front.
And
bridge.
" You shall not go back, you captain said to us If the guns will be shall go ahead to the other side. You shall not be afraid. Now shot at us, just go ahead.
The
how we are travelling the command has been given Now we can only die," he said to us. "What do to us. think? Now will you do thus? Are you willing to you And then we showed die? (If so), lift up your hands!"
that
is
;
our
hands.
a
:
Again
this
he
turned
round
shall
and said
to
the
(others)
think?
Now Now will
day we you do thus?
die.
What do you
willing to die?"
Are you
212
aga'fax
alxta'-ida.
ate'
ag'
QE'nEgi
mcxhi'xwan
?"
a'ga
tci
:
da'ukw'
amcxu'xwa ?
amcxla'-ida
Galu'gwakim
:
"A'-a! itlu'ktix intcxlu'xwan sa/qu nca'ika dau' aga'fax ag' antcxfa'-ida." da'ukwa a' ni'ntcxux da'uya
Aga
"Aga
Cma'ni fa'xya-itc alu'ya alasgE'nEm5 wi'gwa antcxta'-ida." x r nan datcxaM da uda-itc qxiq!a qba datcxaM atgfa. Aga
kxw6
pt gantcu'ix.
Aga
kxwo'pt gatg^x idE^xam
x
;
gwa p
x
Aga x kxwx/pt idE^xam gatgi x gvvo^. Da^m' it10 ga qxat kwo dau itgaq^max da'im' itklaûnak. Aga kxwo^t kwo'ba gantcuûix. Aga kxwo'pt xa bixix watch gantcxu'xwamx itpoqo'xba. Iwa'd ndmo'kct x iwa d ctmo^ct gactu'ix wi t!a ctmo^ct iwa d gandu'ix
x x x r
;
;
gantcu'ix. dikc.
K!a
y'
itlu'anxayukc
gw^p
x
gatgi x, intca niwa-
Ag' alatu^pa watch antcxi/xwa wa pul; r 15 agantga'gElgElx watu'l. Aga kxw6 pt gatcnu^xamx na ik' anu ya anlulxa^nama itguÊmxatpa "QEÊgi tclal'
gacti/ix ya'xtau.
x x
:
Naik' anuâ." Kwopt gang^mx Ya xi ia^qdix ganlu^xamam aga ga'nuix. Aga kxw6 pt "Waûl ia xiba intgagElganu'yamx; gantulxamamx
:
amu'y' aVatci na ika ?"

x
"
20 kEl."
Galigi'mx \captain:
x x
Aga
gantcu
watu'l
"A'-u alxu'ya." gantcu ix; na^wit gantcuâmx ikalaba.

wati/lpa.
7
x
Kxwopt
ix
Kxwopt
k^nauwe
x
gantcgaÊlgax
daq!a 2p
lk!u
idE^xam.
Dawa x
galixuxwa'xix.
Aga
Aga
iatcgE''x
kxwo^t
25 xayukc
p lk!up galo^waxax.
11
Gantckluînax
Iklun
iltlua'n-
s^q
luwa'n
laîlxam
kxwo'pt gantcgi/gwigax ilaxiuda'niukc x x ia qxuit ikiu tan kwoMau fxt
gwE'nEma. mokct fxt

,
mEm
Plaâ laîtcka
ih!ua
r
gali'kla-itx
nxayukc ife/xiutan. 7 wi t!ax watch gantcxu'xwax watu'fpa. 30

gantcga'gElgElx r gE lga alati^x.
dadakda/g ia guL. ihlua^xayukc dadakda g ia'guL Wi x t!ax ka dux alqidi wi da ukwa

x x x x
Wa/pul ganckfaûx
wi'tla
wa
tul
r
kaâuwa;
ka'dux ganckix
Wi t!a
1
gancxdiâx;
my
companion.
gancklu dina
sa'q".
x
Wi
t!ax
iLa'qxat
gancg^guigElx
That
is,
iltkaâ.
Aga kxw6
pt
213
They
said:
die this day."

shall die."
fast,
we should we agreed: "Now this day we Whenever those who were in front advanced
"Yes!
all
We
think
it
well that
Now
thus
So then we went on. So then the people went on we went across. The Paiutes did not go across; we were first. Now then the people had gone across. There were only their tracks and their houses, nothing but logs.
in
these
the middle would
advance
fast.
there. Now then we kept watch at night in the mountains. Two of us went off that way two went off that way two again went off that
And
then
we encamped
were to keep watch all night for their way. fire. two caught sight of the fire. And then he 1 said to me: "How about it, will you go or shall I?" Then I said: "I shall go." Way off yonder I went to tell them now I went. And then I arrived and told them: "We two have seen a fire over yonder." The
;
Now we Now we
captain said:
"Yes,
;
let
us go."
So on we went straightway we came up to Then we proceeded towards the fire. Then we

the
fire,
the man.
all
got at
It
came
horses
the (Paiute) people all standing around. killed And then they shot. light.
be-
We
all
the
Paiutes, about fifteen.

,
And
then
we caught two
of their
his skin all
one horse had a sick leg and one was sore-backed, coming off. The Paiutes quietly sat on their
horse with his skin coming
off.
sore-backed
Again next
fire.
;
day, just as before, again

night
we
kept watch for a

all
All
the
long
we moved and saw
the
fires
in
we again caught many of them. Again we Again we saw their tracks fought; we killed them all. in the snow. And then we followed them (until) it became quite dark. And .then one man said: "I shall go
morning
ganckhi'wax daxapxa'p nixu'xwaxix. Aga kxwo'pt "Naik' anu'ya ya'xtaub' ika'la gi'mx i'xat ika'la:
qxatba."
galiidia':
Gali'gimx gantcu'ix. na'ika inxux ca'niamt." idiaqxa'tba "Anu'ya "Qatgi'ng' r x GatciVax 5 itlu'anxa na ik' aniwad," gal^kim fxad ika la.
Aga kxwo'pt
gayu'yix
idia
qxatba.
Aga kxwo
x
pt
dagapga b galixuxwa'xix.
x
:
10
"Dik' a'g' alxuguâ." Aga kxwo^t gairkim ika la Aga kxwo^t gantcu'guix kwo ba iltkaâ. Ka dux gantcgu'itgEmux. Aga wi t!a gantcgi wax it!u anxa idia qxatba. La x gantcxu'xwax aga tca-itga luqt watu'l. Aga gantcka dux. Aga kxwo^t wi gantcxu^wax a-igantcxu'xwax li/lu ga'n. Aga kxwo'pt dakda k
x
x x
gantcgu'xwax idsntcagwo'lala x gantcga wigitkax itga'matcx

;
gantcktu'xax
x
t!a
ya
11
t!a
ya;
qu LquL
gantckto'wixax.
15
Aga kxwo'pt gantcu'ix-, gantcgitgEluxta'maxx so'q gantcklu'xax wa'S. 1 GalksubEna'iux na'wit iltcq6 yamt ihlua'nxayukc
I'xad gantcklgE lga gantcklu'dinax. x x x x daba/ ikla'skas gantcgigE lgax i xad nikta^ ika la it!u anxa
; ;
ilqa uadikc
nixwo'xitx.
Aga kxwo
x
pt
;
20 ika la
x
iklu'p
r
gatcci
guxax
galgixwo'xix. Aga kxwo'pt ia'maq gatcHuxax life'kcEnba
it!u
x
anxa
na wid
ia'xtlax
x
dalxoa'p.
it!u
anxa
x
ciagwolala.
Aga kxwo'pt nixElga kwax Aga kxwo'pt ia xt' itlu'anxa

x x x
ik!u p
gatccu xwax.
Aga
kxwo'pt wi
t!a fkli/p
gaqdi gu-
kxwo'pt nixi'maxidEmx. Aga kxwo'pt iatu'kba x x 7 x 25 fqlo'b gaqi'uxax kwo dau iaq!a qctaqba Lq!6 p gaqi uxax kwo x dau LlE 7 x iax wan. Qucti'axa ia xxtau it!u x anxa ia'maq
xax.
Aga
iaxu ba.
Aga kwo
x
ba galgi'waqxox
r
iciagwalala gantckcgE'lgax
it!u
anxa; iaq!a qctaq

x
ia'xi
galgiula'dax.
x
Dawa'x
x
aq.'e'yoqt
r
30 at!u anxa dan isga'xus agap!u nEnkau
kwo ba
gaqugwi'lxEla
mux
ing'
icgwo'lala
itcaqla'qctaq.
gantcxu'xwax.
klgE'lgElx
Kla'ya iltlua'nxayukc.
ca'xElix
1
Aga Aga
kxwo'pt p!a
ala'tihc.
kxwo'pt gantc-
ia^xi
itkla'lamatba
Aga
As above.
215
in
the
man's footprints."
him).
So then he went
on,
we went
(after
try."
He
said:
in
"I shall
go
"I give up; let somebody else the Paiute's footprints, I first," said
one man. He followed him it had become very dark.
in
his footprints.
Now
then
And
then the
man
said:
"Now
let
us
camp here over
So then we camped there in the snow. In the night." morning we awoke and again followed the Paiute in his We came in view, now (we saw) the fire footprints. Now in the morning we saw it. And then burning. we looked about and got together in a bunch without
And then we loosened our guns, caresaying anything. cleaned them, and loaded them we put bullets into fully And then we went on. them. made a charge, we
;
We
yelled wa-finto the water;
all
at them.
some
boy
of
The Paiutes all jumped straight them we caught and killed. We
caught one he dashed

then
a
little
here.
One
Paiute
man
ran away,
off.
And
at
man
;
fired
they headed him off. him and wounded the Paiute
then
And
in his
hand, pierced it right through. surrounded he also had a gun.

shot
it
And
then the Paiute was
Now
then that Paiute
off.
And
dead.
then
he
fell
down
And
his
he was again shot at, and then then his neck was cut through,
head,
and
open.
he was cut
In truth,
and his belly was ripped that Paiute had been wounded in his arm.
in
gun we took, his there was an old Paiute woman there, without eyes, blind her head And then we ceased. There they mauled with a gun. were no Paiutes to be seen. Now then way off we caught
So there they
killed
him
the Paiute's
head they threw way
off.
At daybreak
sight
of
many
of them, high up
slowly,
among
the
cliffs.
then
we went on
we
went up a small
river.
And And
2l6
kxwo'pt
lawa' gantci'lwilxtx gantcu'ix wi'qxat. Aga i'wad kxwo'pt tclpa'g gahdlpIa'lawulalEmEx iltlua'nxayukc.
Qe'dau gali'galgi'mx it!u'anxa. 1 "Ga'du dabi'bo, agaidzi'." gimx Aga kxwo'pt x 3 ik!u'na galfgimx "Dab^bo, ga du aâidzi ." Aga wi t!a x "Gadu dabi bo, agaidzi ." 2 da ukwa gali'gimx ia'niwad:
Aga
kxwo'pt
gi'gad
itlu'anxa
Aga
x
kxwo'pt
mtc,a.captain
r
galiîmx
;
Na'qxi saxEmatx
k!na iugants.
laxta'uaitc,
Aga
ts!u
qada'ga
Ixa'lguxt bi'd imcxu'x."

x
aga lxu
lal
'agaidzi"
10
3 Aga kxwo'pt da uya
ika la Paiute gal^gimx

r
x
"Ag'
Aga kxw6 pt klwan klwa'n inu'gikEl ga'nuit inxi'amxul wafS* galuxwa'xax Aga kxw6 pt gal^gimx ia'xia Tnadix "Na'qx' anu'ya." Aga kxw6 pt wa x gatctu xwax idio'qt. Aga kxwo'pt gatca wigaluqwax
soldiers!'
;
15 idio'q^ itlu'anxa. anxa galiAga kxwo^t gali^ta it!u 7 xwo'xitx. kxwo^t da'ba ctmo'kct gactu ix ntca'ika-
Aga
bama kwodau
danikc aÊni.
lla^tikc galu^x
tclpa'k e wi galu ix itkiu'x Da ba galxo'xamx. kxwo'pt \\Paiutes

;
Aga
fxt ikiu'tan ikli/p galkcu'xax x 20 k!E nba kwo'dau fxt iatu'kba.

;
iaâq
Aga
x
galgi luxax ayatcr 7 kxwo'pt i wi i wi gax
li'ktax,
gatciudaîitx ikiu tan

r
ki
tikc
kwo ba gantcu'yamx. Aga "laâq ilgHux itcxiuân iftli/anxayukc mo^ct itgaîaq

:
nua gatci xgax. Antca'ikxwo'pt gal^gimx ika'la
ilktoVix."
Aga kxwo^pt bfd

r
gantcxu'xwax.
25
Aga kxwo
itix
pt galiîmx ika'la: "lakla'mEla-ixpa Ixflax 7 x k!a ya qE'nsgi aliltlu'anxayukc aq!E lax aki xax
;
;
klu'xwa."
Ctmokct
icka'la cta'xta itklalamatba gactu La-itx.

x
;
Aga Aga
kxwo'pt
gacxklwa'x nca ikaba

:
na wit gactu'yamx.
fxfla-itix
ilt!u-
kxwo'pt gacgi'mx
x
"lak.'a'mEla-ixba
x
30 a'nxayukc."
Aga kxw6
1
p!a la gantcxu'xwax ka'nauwe. 7 pt fxad ikala i'wad gayu yax. Aga kxwo'pt
Aga kxwo'pt
Literally, "Fish-eaters."
This sentence
is
in
Shoshonean.
This sentence
is in
Shoshonean.
217
then farther on some Paiutes were talking excitedly among themselves. Now then the one towards us spoke, a
Paiute.
Thus
said
the
Paiute
"They are not
whites,
1 And then another one said: "They they are Wascos." are whites, not Wascos." 2 And again as before the first
one spoke:
"They are not
whites, they are Wascos."
Now
then our captain said:
they are uncertain as to are saying 'Wascos,' (but) do you just keep quiet." And then this 3 Paiute man said: "Now I have surely
seen
that they are soldiers."
"Do not look around! Now who we are. Now those men
came glad and

yonder man
then (our people) be4 And then yelled their war-whoop wa-}-. across the river said: "I shall not go (to
:
And
meet
them)."
So then he
set
fire
to his house.
Now
then the Paiute's house burned, and then the Paiute ran off and escaped. And then here two of our men went
on,
of their men went (to meet them); very went Here they came ahead on horseback. quickly they And then the Paiutes shot at the two they together. wounded one horse in his shoulder and one in his neck.
and
four
man) looked about as he ran off, the horse ran away with him in vain he tried to hold him back. We arrived there. And then the man said "The Paiutes have wounded my horse, they have wounded the two of them." And then we quieted down. Now then the man said: "The Paiutes are staying in a bad place. There is a fence (there) and we can't
then
(one
;
:
Now
Two men (went over and) staid And then they came back to us, there at the cliffs. And then the two of them straightway they arrived. "The Paiutes are staying in a bad place." And said: Now then one man went off a then we all stopped.
do anything
to
them."
That
is,
the one near us.
As above.
2l8
1 Qucti'gantcxEltcmo'qwax wo'8 inxi'amxul galgi'uxwax. axa ia'maq galgi'luxwax iltlua'nxayukc ika'la iaqui'tba.
Aga
kxwo'pt
gi'gad
gaiksubEna'iux
galgi'ukh
galgi'gElgax ika'la.
Aga
kxwo'pt
Aga
kxwo'pt kwo'ba wi'gwa

K
5 pla'la gantcxu'xwax.
Aga
kxwo'pt gal^gimx \captain:

r
Kwa ic adamcEluMa
x x -
mo^ct itkla'munak ag a'lEm' amsksuÊna ittli/anxayukcba." Aga kxwo^t ika'la iaâq gairiwulxtx aga nixi
maxitx
10
'galax.
:
qe dau
"
"V
x
V V
etc
aga
q!oa''b
iaxiba'2
pt galiîmx \captain ia'xleu Billy Chinook Naqxa dik' alxu'xwa ag' alxklwa^' aga a'lEtna r x x x dik' a lxuxwa, sa q u a lEm' alktu dinaya iltlu^nxayukc idfil7 x
Aga kxw6
xaxi^daniukc qxa'dagatci alxklwa^' aga. Ya xtau ikaâ x ia maq ia^cgEmEm kwaic lu^wan x ayi/mEqta ag' a'lEm' 15 algi'ukla." - - "A'-u qwo'tk' alxk!wa y' aga." Aga kxwo'pt
gantcxE'ltxuitckax ag' alxklwa^' aga.
iaxi'utan gantckciklaâqwox. x r gikfa/'imitx. kxwo'pt ika la a-ik!a u
iaâq
x
Aga kxw6 pt ika la Aga kxwo^t gantcidia quit gantcr
Aga
gi
uxwax.
x
x x x
20
Aga kxwo pt gantcu ix naVid wi qxai:; gantcu pgiux iltcqo'ba. Aga kxwo^t lk!u p galu xwaxax itgwo'lala Wa'x wax nu it lk!u p na'qxi can ila'maq gaqxi^luxax.
x r
;
nuxwax itgwolala k^nauwe gaqEntcu'qlpax. Aga kxwo'pt

;
wa^ 3 galgûxax ih!u anxayukc nca ikaba 25 gafxi/xwax. Aga kxwo'pt gal^gimx \captain: "Ag' anh/lxama iltlu'anxayukc, ca x n a^ganElgeâba." Aga kxw6 x pt gairgimx ika x la "Na'ik' anfulxaâ iltliânxax - "Anlulyukc. QE'nEgi mxlu'xwan qE nEg' amlulxaâ?" x x x 3 xa^' aga a nigi'xux iaga il icta'mx alxdi naya gwEÊmax x 30 lat ite^x aVatci i xt ilaklaûnak itelx qxa dagatci na'qxi 7 x 4 pu Iklu^ amckcu^wa. Qxa daga ha/e amEncgE^gEla kwo inxi^mxul
r x
-,
As above,
That
is,
in a high pitch.
As above.
the President of the United States.
219
we heard yelling: wo-j-, the (Paiutes) As it turned out, the Paiutes had yelled the war-whoop. wounded the man in his leg. And then some (of us)
ways.
then
1
And
jumped up and
him hitherwards.
seized the man.
And
then
we
then they brought stopped there all day.
And
Now
all
then
two hundred
Paiutes."
"Soon I shall give you and (bullets), you shall jump upon the And then the injured man's wound swelled, and
the
captain said:
he
lay
groaning
thus
*E'
etc.
Now
the
sun
was nearly (down) way yonder. And then the captain, his name was Billy Chinook, said: "Let us no longer but let us return home. If we stay here, the stay here, Paiutes will kill off all of our horses, so that we had better return home now. That wounded man is sick, and now we shall take him with perhaps he will die soon us." (We said): "Yes, indeed, let us return home now!" So then we got ready and were now about to return home. And then we bound the wounded man to his horse and put him astride him. And then we tied the man's legs. Now then we went on straight to the river and waded in the water. And then the guns were shot (at us), but no one was wounded. Immediately when it was daylight, And then the guns were shot they missed all of us.
;
the
And
the
Paiutes yelled a war-whoop to us wa-f 2 they yelled. " Now I want to speak to then the captain said
;
:
man
them
Paiutes; " said

:
who
I
interpret for me?" will speak to the Paiutes.

will
And then a What do you
think?
What
that
"I shall tell are you going to tell them?" 3 the Great Chief has made up his mind that
fifty
we
years or one hundred years, so that be shooting. 4 You must first see us not you had better before you shoot at us maybe you will run out of amfight for
;
Sarcastic.
"Don't waste your powder."
22O
dau
fk.'u'b
1
gamatcx. mca'ika lu'da

;
amcEncgu'xwa, di'gutcix aluxwa'fxuma idEmca'Da'uax a'-ixt aga'matcx na'ika qxa'dag' ayamcilt.'u'anxayukc
amcxi'duitcatk,
mcxa'ngix
duitcatk."
Aga
Xa'bixix
/
kxwo'pt Iklu'p gatccu'xwax. " A'xtau agaâtcx gatclu'lxamx

:
qxa daga
ya mclut. Ag' a' igi xux iaga il icta'mx ag' alxdi'naya 7 r }uwa n il^klamunak ilE'lx." Aga kxwo'pt gantcxu xwax x 2 qe'dau: wa'8. Aga kxwo^t gantcu ix xaîxix idEntcaGantcgii/kl ika la ia'maq k!a u gaqi guîmxadiamt. 10 uxax idia'quitba; nixu'xwax ikaâ. Aga ag' iatcgEÊm
x
r
gadinsxsgEÊmux "AtidEntcogu'yimxadiamt. Aga kxwo^t galkcu^xamx gaMit idE'lxam fxad ikaâ iaâq iqilut, aga qi'Lt." x Aga kxwo'pt7 da ba gayuxwigilxax wi t!a da ba gayu15 xwigi^xax; Ia kt watu l gaq6 xwax. Aga kwo'ba gantcu
kxwo'pt
:
mo^ct
itkiu
daniukc
gatgi x
yamx.
itkaûkc
x
Aga kxwo'pt gantcaxLa'kwax

; ;
watirt.
x
Da^da-itc
idEntca kcEnba
pt galgE'ntcgElgax idEntcagu'yimxatba x shake hands gatgE ntcuxwax.
aga kxw6
gantcaxLa'kwaxix watu%a. 20 galgintcu^xamx "Ca'n ita'maq igixa'flux ?"
Aga
da'ba
Aga Aga
kxwo'pt
kxwo'pt
gantcgiu^gEnax iaâq igixHux T^mlauwai. Gantcklu'lxamx lgabla t gantcga'gElgax ana^xat ih!u anxayukc agax x
ti'lx.
Aga kxwo^t na wid nugwaâlamx ana^xat itga lalamax wa pul gatgu'yutckwax gada nLakwax itga'kcEnb'
x
25 ana lxat.
Aga kxwo^t fxad

x x x
ikla^kas gaqi^'slgax
x
it!u
qba gaqixi^tgax; iaxta ba watu ! gantcu'yamx. x gaqiuxwata'dapax kwo ba niktaâlEmax watu%a gaqiucgaâkwox ik!a skas it!u anxa. Wa pul galugwa lalamx dawaxwa'x nu it a-iLa'x agaâx. Aga kxwo^t p!a la x 30 nuxwa xux idE'lxam.
ilisa
anxa
Kwo ba
x
Ika'l'
1
aga iatcgEÊm galixu'xwax.

"Your
bullets will be eaten up,
Aga kxw6
2
pt ga-
Literally,
consumed."
As above.
221
munition. 1
This one bullet

listen,
shall give
you
just for fun.
Do you
Paiutes
listen
to
me !"
And
then he shot
off his gun.
In the evening he said to them: "That bullet I gave you just for fun. Now the Great Chief has made up his mind that we fight perhaps a hundred years." And then
we
yelled
thus
wards our camp. us and he was
we went toWe took the wounded man along with tied by his legs; the man had now bewa-[-.
And
then at night
come
sick.
And
then two horses went on, went on ahead
of us towards our camp. And then the two men (riding "The people are coming, them) said to those (in camp) and one man has been wounded now they are bringing
:
him."
And
here
;
then they
made
fire
made
four fires were made.
here, another fire they there we arrived.
Now
And
in
then
our
we passed around the fire. These men were camp and then they took us by our hands and
;
shook hands with
us.
we passed by the fire. And then they said a to us Who has been wounded ?" And then we named TIa'mlauwai. We told them who had been wounded that we had taken many scalps, many Paiute (scalps).
here
:
Now
And
all
the people sang the scalp song and went around with scalps danced night long they in their hands. Now then a certain Paiute boy was taken We went right there up to the in a sack. and enclosed There he was taken out, there he ran about near fire. the fire, and the Paiute boy was captured (as though in
then
straightway
war).
when
All night long they sang, right up to early dawn, And then the people the sun just began to appear.
stopped.
Now
was
set
the
So then a long pole up, and then ceremonial feathers were tied on
sick.
man had become
222
qiu'txEtnitx ilda'munaq ia'fqdix. Aga kxwo'pt itkHcgEla'lamax k!a'u gaqti'luxwax icgi'lukc ia'kutc ikla'munaqba
Gali'gimx ika'la: "Ag' a'numEqta dafn inE'lqtat na'ika ag' amcgEnxtcmo'gwa qE'nEg' angina r 1 5 nkla'ckac ganExtki'xax. kxwo'pt da n ganigE^kEl
ca'xlix ika'la ya'yulmax.
Aga
qxa dagatci ag' axamcEluk^rtcgwa dan woVo gatcfntxa nkla'ckac dan ganitgla^tq. Aga tski'nus icgi^ti acxa'txa. QeMau nxE lqlat ganxElEqla xit nkla^kac. Gayu ya dala^max igi/cax ganigE lkEl kwo'dau datklu'b igu 10 cax gayi/ya. Aga kxwo'pt 7 gacti/y' icgi^ti. Cma'nix r x aÊma na qxi ackgi^tia kw6 dau cmaîx aÊma na qxi
nk!a ckac
7
x x r r x r
iquct anu'mEqta." Aga gactugi^x x watsu ptsup aga galiîmx ika la iaâq x kxwo^t "Ag' anxgwa da iltcqo'ba ag amcgEnu'kla." Aga x r kxwo t!a ya 15 ittcqoâmt gaqi'ukl gaqife'limalxax. pt Aga
watsi/ptsup
tix
ag'
aÊma
kwo'dau
galixu'xwax
x
ika la
yaûlmax
galgi'tx ih!u anxayukc.
Na cqi
;
Ka nauwe
20 da'ukwa
can
galg^tqxEmit
x
ga nuit tluûit ya'maq gal^dEmqt tla/ya galixa'tx. x na it!a da uya gani^qEmit.

;
Qxf dau Nadida
nuit
itgalxeVulxEmax
x
idago'mEni:!:
k!a ya
7
Ba'ctEn.
Pu gwEÊmix ahigi/ya
;
Nadida
nuit
Qe dau kla'y' alxlxEÊma k!a ya pu ahigE'mcta ihcqoa'. 7 iLalxeVulxEmax Gate/sqlo k!a y' idaklwa'cumit. Da'ukwa
la -it!ikc iltlu'anxayukc k!a y'
x
x
ilaklwaûmit.
Lu'nix*
25 gi g E lgax
gantcugi/ix kla'y' itlxlE^. Aga x x iuk!6 its ila lik h/nfgal idE'lxam.
r
kxwo^t gantcAga kxwo^t

Ya/xi idsnx
li'xat tslu'nus
;
gaqxfllutx
lu
qx galgi'uxwax.
yoklo^ts
lu
;
tco'guyimxat 7 lunlga ! idE^xam.

txx/qlba
da uyax
ilaîk
qx
gantcki tx
idEn-
Aga
gantcx^k.'wa'yux
naVid
gantcuâmx.
wi
x
30
Aga
t!a
xayukc. Aga na'wid iltcqo'ba gantcklu'wax galxantcgEûwoqlqax

1
wi t!a gantckJu'naxLamx ih!u anx x r x gantcklgE lgax ca ib' aga Lax. Aga kxw6 pt
gantcu
ix
-,
galu-
That
is,
"dreamt when training during the puberty
rites for
a guardian spirit."
223
top of the pole to a wolfs backbone, the man's guardian spirit. The man said: "Now I shall die, and do
all
hear what
have to
I
say,
what
learned
when
you was
a boy.
I
Now
then
you all what I Now it is going to rain a little. boy, recognized. Thus I know, I found it out as a boy. I saw black (clouds) And passing over the sky, and the sky turned white. then it rained. If it will not rain and if it will not hail, then truly I shall die." Then it started in to rain and to hail, and the wounded man said: "Now I shall bathe in the water, and you will carry me." So then he was carried to the water and put into it. And then the man recovered surely indeed the Paiutes had shot at his guardian spirit. He did not die, he became well. Every one saw him, also I here saw him. Thus the Indians have
;
shall tell
saw 1 something as a boy, so that now what it was that spoke with me as a
Indians could not thus are white people. pass five days and eat nothing, nor would they drink any So strong are the Wascos, they are not cowards. water.
strong
hearts
So
also they too, the Paiutes, are not cowards.
And passed three nights and there was no food. then we caught a very small jack-rabbit (we were) thirty And then to each one a little bit (of meat) was people.
;
We
Far away was our camp given each one ate (his share). Then we went this small jack-rabbit we thirty people ate. each to his own home, straightway we arrived at our
; ;
houses.
we set out again we went to look for the Then we caught them when the sun was straight Paiutes. And then straightway we chased them into overhead. the water, they escaped from us the Paiutes all swam
again
;
Now
224
kli'x'iyux
tftlu'anxayukc.
La'2x afxa'txa iltlu'anxayukc.

tcgu'xa
wi't!ax
5 k!wa'x;
Aga kxwo'pt ia'xiba ittcqo'ba Aga kxwo'pt Lgu'b antcklgantcu'guix;
iltlu'anxayukc.
Kxwo'ba
tftcqo'ba.
:
kVduxgantcx
u-
gantcklgE'lgElx
Aga kxwo'pt
gantckhi'lxamx
"Da'nba mcxpcu^walit
:
ihli/an-
Mcti' alxd^naya." xayukc? x kcu xwax; gantcWu'lxamx
"DaV
Aga kxwo^t
;
Lku'p
gantc7 7
aga'matcx
x
qxa daga
Aga kxwo^t gantc^klwaûx gantcklgE !gax wi^xatpa iftli/anxayukc. Aga wi t!a kwo'ba gantcxiqa^cElut."
10 di'nax.
idia piq
x
Tx'ad
ikna^n.
x
ika la
it!u
anxa
iciagwo'lala
7
k!a uk!au
r
;
Ag-a kxwo'pt iaâq gaqi luxwax it!u anxa Lku'p gaqci'guxwax na'wid gayuÊqtx. Lgc/lqdikc gaq;
anxayukc; ka nauwe da k gaqa%uxax ana lx r r x xat kwo dau a-iLq!oa/b ita tuk a iLa'x ila'wan sa q u ka x 15 nauwe qxi dau gaqlu'xwax. GanckcgE^gax iJctagwoâla x x nca ika sa q u gantckluMinax. kxwo^t galugwa'la-
h/dinax
ilt!u
Aga
lamx idE^xam analxa d idE^xam Galasq!o

x
.
amsni
k!wan k!wa n nuxwa'xax
20
gahci/xwax ihlu'anxayukc iqxa'dinaxiamt. Aga p!a kxwo^t galxtk^m iltlu'anxayukc: Aga "Aga pla'l' into
xux;
la
kwo
pt
aga ilxd^na."
Pala'-ini
r
Pla'la
gantcxa tx
ka'nauwe.
7
ihli/anxayukc ita'ctamx kwo dau k.'a/ya gancgi gitkEl Ya'wiwa ihlu'anxayukc ila^tamx. x x 7 x Aga kxwo^t na wid gantcktLu q ka nauwe na wid Wala-
Kl^ya gantcg^gitkEl
25 wala ba gantcklLu^
kwo ba gantcklxa'dima
;
iltlu'anxayukc.
Qe dau
di na.
r
gantcxadi na ilt.'u'anxayukc
iaklaÊla-ix gantcxaifagi/liumax:
x
Aga itaklaÊlamax
af
ilt.'u^nxayukc
Qe dau
gali xatx
\goverment qxa dagatci gantcxa'dina
naika Pa'pkEs 1 ganxa'dina. 30 Aga na'-ima ka'nauwe gafxa'ta-it Gafasqlc/; da'uya x wi gw' aga ctmo^ctka Warm Springy k!ma na'ika
1 Pa'pkEs is one of Louis Simpson's Indian names; it was said by him to have been borne by a former Wishram chief. His common Indian name to-day is
Mfi'nait.
225
off.
And
then
way yonder
in
the
water some Faiutes

at the
would
camped we again caught sight of them we started home we said to them

;
just appear. Paiutes. There we
And
then
we would shoot
in
over night;
the morning in the water. And then

"
:
What do you
Paiutes
fight!"
all
keep
And
"This
Come, let us hiding yourselves then we shot off one volley. said to
for?
We
them:
bullet
we have
home.
again
given
you
there.
for
nothing."
Now
Paiute
then
we
started
We
caught some Paiutes
on the road.
Now
we fought
One
gun.
of the
men had
Paiute
magpie-feathers tied
on to
his
And
then
was fired at, he was shot-, straightway Paiutes were killed their scalps were all Eight taken off, and their necks cut through, their bellies ripped took open to every one of them it was thus done.
the
he died.
We
their
guns, with sang scalps; happy the
we
killed
them
And then the people Wasco people became.

all.
Now
Paiutes
the Paiutes ceased from the war.

said:
Now
then the
"Now we have
all
enough."
the
We
stopped.
We
stopped, we have fought did not see Pala'-ini,

see Yawi'wa, chief of
chief of the
Paiutes.
Paiutes,
nor did
we
we took them all back with us. there we Straight to Wallawalla we took them back Thus we and the Paiutes fought, fierceleft the Paiutes. the Paiutes are bad people, they And we fought. ly are thieves. Thus the government agreed, so that we
then
;
And
fought.
I,
Pa'pkEs,
fought.
Now
dead.
am
we
alone,
all
the
Wascos (who
fought) are
This day there are

II.
and
15
now only two at three fought with the Paiutes.
Warm Now
Spring
to-day
226
nclu'nikck'
aga gantcxa'dinax
ifrlu'ktimax
iltlu'anxayukcba.
Da'uya
fctpla'-
Da'uya wigwa Htlu'anxayukc. ya'xan k!m' ag' ayasq.'u' ika'la aya'xan tcu'cgamt. 5 government gatcuguitxu'dinEmtck.
wi'gw' aga lamExtsEmEx
ala'wowot Ba'ctEnEtnt ag'
itlu'anxa
Qxfdau
3.
FAMINE AT THE CASCADES. 1

;
la-it,
A'ngadix Iga wa'lu gaktu'x idE^xam la'bElat galuxwa'x x x Aduxixi klxa ika la gatcudukwa'ckwax aya gikal "Aga tli/ktix amuâ agu'txixiamt ag^mluda dan ihcE :
lEm alilxE^muxma itxa^xuq."

10 "anu'ya."
;
gagiulxam, baîa ik!i iicima^q Kwopt gali/ix gagia xwalalmat iaga^tbat icima^q. Kwapt lq!6'p gagiu xwax / Gatcu likaîtck kwo dau isklfmks-, gagiu^lam. ixco^t x xam "Klaâ amitli/da itxa^xuq; qa xba hatlaîxba
x x
"Tli/kdi-ix,"
lut
amyu^ka."
"A'-u," gagiu'lxam.
Kwopt
gagi utk.
15
La'bElat idiage'xEltkiu ka nawi

x
r x x
wa
lu gEli/xt.
x x
Quctia'xa
q!wa p aga gawaxE'mdix. Ka'dux gayu ix wimaîamt; K!a ya can Jgiu^xEmit gatcu xwa ala lax ikica tckba. kwaic ka dux yu'yEm. Ka^qun aga gatcgE lgax ick.'a'x x Wi mo'kct. t!ax gayu'ix ka'dux dau kwa gatcgE ltaqxi Kwo ba tcu'dElk laÊlat gacxu x kwo dau ga20 gEntf. tcu kl itla^liamt. Gatci/lxam "Tla'ya amcukstEîta x da ucta icklaâqxi. Tsluûs tslu'nus amilluMa itxa'qxuq
r x x
;
"A'-O," gagi'ux. ya ilatcgEîEm alkcu xa." x La'-itHkc iliageÊltkiu gaklclu^x ma'kct mokct, yaxa sa qx u
qxa
25 aga
datci k!a
wa lu
gElu'xt.
Kwaic k!a ya
stu kst
kwopt galcxE^mux-
bax alumqxta.
1
This account of a famine at the Cascades was taken
down
in Indian from
an
old
woman by my
The
interpreter, Peter McGuff,
who
supplied also an interlinear
translation.
events took place about 1835.
227
the Paiutes are
ful.
ter
good and speak English, they are peaceTo-day a Paiute's son and a Wasco man's daughThus Government helped them. marry.
3.
FAMINE AT THE CASCADES. 1
Long
of
(to
ago,
died.
:
believe, the people suffered hunger;
many
them
They
"
tell
about a
Now it is good get food) sister, she will give you some food, our children will eat." "It is well," she said to him. "I shall go." Then she
went away.
(who) sent his wife that you go to my elder
man
She gave her
(sister-in-law)
a sea-shell for a
necklace, so large a sea-shell. some dried pounded salmon
Then
and
(her sister-in-law) cut
dry
fish-skin.
will
She
put it away in some hidden Then she put it away. "Yes," she said to him. place." He had many slaves; all of them are hungry. Behold,
;
brought it to our children

it
home.
He
said
will
to her:
"You
not give
you
springtime off to the
is
now near
;
at hand.
In the
morning he went
river
he constructed a
fish-trap at the falls
one sees him, very early in the morning he Again he always goes. Finally he caught two suckers. went off in the morning as before he kept catching them. There he always puts them away they got to be many
; ;
(when) no
and he brought them "You shall cook these suckers

to
their house.
carefully.
He
it
said to her
You
will
shall give
our
children
sick."
just
little
bit,
so
that
not
make
them
slaves,
To them too, his "Yes," she said to him. she gave each two suckers indeed they are all
;
hungry now.
some of them
The suckers are not yet done; then, ate of them, they died.
when
228
T!u' La!L!a ga'lixuxix
ma'nk
la'bslat gatdgE'lga.
;
Anl'x
aga gatcigElga'nil igu'nat aga a'-ixat yattxwa't ifacima'lq. Aya'-utxix itca'qxuq galu'yamx / Gala kim agage'lak, da'k gagi'uxwax akla'ckac, gagia'lutx. x " ak!a ckac 5 Gaqxulxamx Aya^sllxwaya imca^klimks r kwo dau imcakaîtck." Gal^yam ak!a ckac itlo^lba. GaKa nawi idElxam ilasaîun gala'xEmasa-it.
:
anix
itlu'ktix
fod'la-itix.
itck
itgatqlfxumit.
r
r
La
bElat
idE'lxam
la bElat
x
kwopt
iJtga'
galu'xwala-it wa lu ngi. x 10 kwo'dau ika ba wima%a.
Ka nawi
qa xba
4.
PROPHECY OF THE COMING OF THE WniTES. 1

x
x
A'ngadix Iga galu'xiqJaxit idElxam aga q!wa p atgadi mama Ba^tEn. Ixa't Jga galKxElqlaxit iqlûqt xa'bixix.
-
Kwopt galixgigwa^wax
gatcugi gElx uxalu^dat idE^xam,

x r
;
wa'wa gatgi'ux, gatkdi^nimananfmtck ka nawi dan kwo 3 15 dau itcaVaclalamax gatcaVitcmoq qxa'wat Jga lu'n tci x x u la kt. Ka dux galigrmx sa q u ba idE^xam. Aga kw6x pt r gadigE^xaq ka nawi can ilgagi lak ilka'la ilkla^kac ilqlfuqt / can. sa'q Gayaxa wik"Litck idE^xam dan gatcigE'lgElx
/ x
11
itqxûba xaîxix. gatguwi utck Aga kwo pt gadigE^xaq x r 7 20 ka'nawi wi gwa ka'nawi xaîxix k!wa n klwan galuxwa
; ;
xax Engi idia'watca.
Gali'kim:
r
"Kwa'-ic adilga'tgwama
r
da^max
uxalu^dat;
k!a ya wftlax anga dix diwi k!a ya wft.'ax da'uda idElx x xa'kdi kwaic alkdu'cima; atkLa'ma ka nawi dan uxalu idat;
;
This
text, like the preceding,
an interlinear translation by
my
interpreter,
was taken down in Indian and provided with c Peter Guff, the source being an
229
It
became
Finally they are
quite warm and .he caught a little more. now he began to catch Chinook salmon now
;
living
came
it
to
(them),
prosperously. one of them has their sea-shell around
His elder
sister's children
her neck.
The woman
and
put
the
dried
off of herself,
shall
told her (about it), the girl took gave it to her. The girl was told
:
"I
fish-skin
and the dried pounded
salmon of you people around your neck." The girl arrived at their house. (Her mother) recognized their fish, she was ashamed. All the people talked about her being
stingy.
Many
people
there
was much snow and
then died of hunger. ice in the river.
Everywhere
4.
PROPHECY OF THE COMING OF THE WHITES. 1

I
Long
it
ago,
believe, the people learned that
now
whites
man, he saw strange people, night. they spoke to him, and showed him everything; and he heard something like three or four Indian 3 songs. In the morning he spoke to all the people. And then everywomen, men, body gathered together to hear him, He told the people old children, men, everybody. what he had seen in his sleep at night. And then they they danced every day gathered together to hear him
I
would soon come.

at
One
old
believe, learned of
Then he dreamt
and every
story.
night.
They were made glad because of

all
his
He said: No longer
soon
will
"Soon
(will
sorts of strange things will
come.
happen,
shall
things be) as before; no longer, as will we use these things of ours. They
;
bring to us everything strange

woman named Sophia
they
will
bring to us
have taken place
old
at the
2
The events are supposed Klickitat; Cascades long before the coming of the whites. Ca'wac ("Indian"), from Chinook jargon sa'iwac.
to
230
atkLa'ma
a-ic
amildli/qdia
ixs'lalal
dan ya'xiba,
icgwa'lala
dapa'u
ayu'lktcwaya,
ayu'mEqta."
Qucti'axa
ya'xdau
;
gatccu'lxam.
wi'tlax
"Aqxa'Lama
7
atli'wat qxalkli'tcxEmal
kla'ya
5 Engi."
x
anga x Qi^ctiaxa ga nuit gatkLa^ gatcdi/lxam idE'lxam. "K!a ya wi t!ax ala'mxpcta ano^dix diwi." Wa ou klwa^ k!wan gali^xwax cpa k galuViutck. "AqxtLa'ma da'ngi idakla^tsax itkla^nunoq daxka ngi alamxfgrLxa." Qu ctiaxa amE'tsis a xdau gatci/lxam.
x x x
;
amu'cima
dix
bama
amitirwat
aklaâmat
10
W^gwamax
dt/x,
x
wa'pulmax gatguwi utck

bu't
k!a ya
wa
i
lu
gak-
tlu'nwit
galu'xwax.
K^nawi dan
"Uxali/idat
i
iqlfstin
aqlfstin
r
aq'fwiqxi
;
astr^p.
dau da^max datgu^max idE'lxam cumax wata xba agaâxiamt atga'dimama. Tcu'xEnika r k 15 mcxa'tx." w^tlax asuxibi/noninxfa; bu t yaxa cpa Aga' nuxwa x x cpax k. Aga ga nuit da uka da'nmax da uya r wigwa aga tlu'nwit da ukwa galixgigwa qwa iqlfuqt. Kwopt 7 ya xpt k!a ya dan iduihaâx kwaic gatgiâm Ba^tEn yaîma caxslaâmt bama icaVacduihamax. K!a'ya wi'tlax x 20 dan iki utan, da ima itqli/tsuLxlEm. Qxfdau a ngadix
atkLa
qxi
x
x x x x x x
; ;
ma
galu'xwax w^mal
bama
you just have to point at anything moving way yonder, and it will fall right down and die." As it turned out, it was a gun of which he spoke. "There will be brought to us a bucket for boiling-purposes; no
(something
which)
you use your old-fashioned bucket made out of stone." As it turned out, they really brought to us what he told the people of. "No longer will you make fire by drilling with sticks as before." Still more were "Certain they made glad, they danced with energy. small pieces of wood will be brought to us with which you will make a fire." As it turned out, it was matches whereof he spoke. For days and nights they danced. They were not at
longer
will
all
hungry, truly they did their best
thing they saw
people will bring mustaches on their faces
Everydancing). stove. "Strange ax, hatchet, knife, White people with us such things.
(in
will
come from
the east.
Do
you people be careful!" Then indeed they would again jump up and down they did their best strongly. And
;
truly things are just so to-day; now surely the old man dreamt just that way. Up to that time there were no
cattle at
all.
farther
up
Presently white people brought them only Nor were there any there were buffaloes.
;
horses
either,
only
dogs.
Thus long ago
did
it
happen
to the people dwelling along the river.
APPENDIX. SUPPLEMENTARY UPPER CHINOOKAN TEXTS.

i.
COYOTE AND EAGLE, A WASCO TEXT.

(Recorded by
Franz
oas.)
Nictaxt sklu'lia 2 kwoda'u ia'-uxix itdi'nun.

3
A'ga
5
niginigi-
qlwo'lalEm
xu'lalmntf
tc.'a'nk.
6
itcli'nun,
maga
ll
sk.'u'lia
qlawilExa'm
tcli'nun
2
isklu'lia
tq
li'ba.
Maga
6
nitctudi'nnH
u 5 lun tq li'ba.
Maga nitctu'ctx tclank, qa'wat mokct a'watci Aga kwo'ba ni'Jximnil La/xanix tqî'ba, maga nicgu^plq tq^ba. Maâ skluîa niyi/yamntf, daMm' u alaâsks nitcta^nil. Maga nitctucilalEmnil tq ba, maga
2
x
Ji
itc!i
nun nitctu^cxmalmann tqeVaq.
2 Maga klmaka^
nitciuxuâlamnil isk!u
2
lia.
A-ic da -uka
nitcixi'tpcut
x
ia'-uxix iskluîa, tciTnun

7
nilgi'dwaq.
x x
Kwapt
:
1Q a ga qaamaila'xna nihila'lidntf. Maga nigi kim ya xkaba "Qwa'tka, ani/ya tklaûnaqba. Skwapkadfx tgadiâma Nadida'nuitkc." 8
text, as well as the Clackamas text that follows it, was by Dr. Franz Boas in 1892 at Grand Ronde Reservation in northwestern Oregon, and has been kindly put at my disposal by him. The phonetic system of the original has been modified to accord with that used in this book. The text In the first place, it exhibits a conis linguistically interesting for two reasons.
1
This short Wasco
collected
siderable
-lalEmnit).
number
In
the
of frequentative verb-forms in -nii (and -1- .... -nit, -almEnit, second place, the narrative verb-forms have as tense-prefix, not
the
ga- or gal- of remote past time characteristic of my own \Yishram texts, but the ni- or nig- of indefinite past time. This latter tense-prefix is identical with the ni- or nig- of the forms found in the Wishram letters above, pp. 194-198. It is important to observe that the ni- forms of this Wasco text have -u- as directive
prefix,
while the
Wishram
-t-
ni-
forms referred to have the correlative
-t-
prefix
the
change from -n- to

2
implies a change from action in the distant past to action
nearer the present day.
These forms are masculine nouns, but lack the regular pronominal
prefix
-i.
[232]
APPENDIX. SUPPLEMENTARY UPPER CHINOOKAN TEXTS.

i.
COYOTE AND EAGLE. 1
younger brother Eagle were living toNow Eagle used to go out to hunt, but Coyote gether. was left at home, Coyote used to be in the house. And then Eagle always killed deer, and he carried the deer on his back, (bringing) about two or three to the house.
his
Coyote and
And they always lay outside of the house. then he used to go inside in the house. Now then Coyote
there
Now
used to arrive, (but) he always brought merely mice. And then he used to roast them in the ashes in the house, but
Eagle used
to boil meat.
Coyote always got angry. So Coyote just secretly killed his younger brother, they slew Eagle. Then he never used to stay long in any place. And then he said to himself: "Never mind! I shall go to the woods. 8 Very soon the Indians will come here."
then
This omission of
ping of the
instead of
3
i-
Now
i-
in
seems to be phonetically parallel to the not infrequent dropthe neuter, dual, and plural prefixes of the noun (1-, c-, and t-
and it-). it-, ic-, Very probably an error for nigiq'.wo'lalEmnit, as 'the -Em- is a mere connective between the continuative -lal- and the frequentative -nil or non-frequentative -tck.
4 It
is
possible
that
ma'ga
is
("but now, and now").

ag' a'ngadix,
8
8
1
Compare ga'ngadix
stereotyped rapid pronunciation of k!m' a'ga (as well as a'ngadix), "long ago" (from
"now long ago"). This form seens to involve the word wi'lxam ("village").
For
I
(i)t-tcla'nk,
plural of i-tc!a'nk.
word, if indeed it is a single word. The idea imNotice the typical "Transformer motive" in the last sentence. "When the Indians come to inhabit the country, things will be as told plied is: in the myth. Eagles will always get large game, but coyotes will have to wander
entirely unable to explain this
8
am
about and content themselves with rodents."
[233]
234
2.
THE BOY THAT
LIED ABOUT HIS SCAR, A
CLACKAMAS TEXT. 1
(Recorded by Franz
oas.}
Ikala agiuxu'tum itca'xan.
Aqa
3
gayu'ya itE'mEqo,
3
lEmuq
atco'xa.
4
Aqa
de'ka daba
qayalga'xit qa'lamuq.
5
nexox ia'xan. iqle'uqt Aqa cli'keqiqct ia'qlaqia'cxalxt ctaqba; Nelga'xitx qs'tce'gilga ia'qlaqctaqba.
Aqa
lamuq iaq'a'qctaqba nilgyoxtE'mbEt. Aga gatcioÊxamx "Qada gamE'xatx em^cxalx daViax?" Kwa bd atc! uwaq 6 ia'xan. "Qaxpo mgwaêlx mke'xax?" Aga gatcio^xamx x "Kema^xo 7 na -ika elalax dia/qtcam gatcneâgwa." a Kwa bda mxa^qwat," gatcioÊxamx ia'xan. Aga
:
10 ik!a ckac galixqwa'tx. kac. 8 ya'xkaba
Aga
r
qleyu'qt
8
Aga
text,
ite'xuLq, qleo'qt
1
qana gaba Klaneklane ne'xox.

is
n^xox ya'xka k!a cemolak. Aga kwobd

8
7
.
This
short
yet
published.
Linguistically
it.
identical
fied
with
are:
the only specimen of Clackamas be very close to Kathlamet, if not The main points of difference from Wishram-Wasco, as exempli-
and incomplete as it is, Clackamas seems
to
inorganic
the presence in Clackamas, as in Kathlamet, of accented 1st, vowels (agiuxu'tum and gamE'xatx would be gagiu'xtum and gamxa'tx in Wishram'); 2d, the presence, it seems, in some verb forms, of the tense prefix a-,
here,
found also in Lower Chinook, alongside of the ga- regularly used in Wishram 5 3d, a few lexical differences (e. g., itE'mE'qo ["wood"]; cf. Kathlamet e'niEqo ["stick"]
and aqa'lamuq
["stick"] for
Wishram ikla'munaq
["stick"] itkla'munaq ["wood"]).
235
2.
THE BOY THAT
LIED ABOUT HIS ScAR. 1
She gave birth to a male (child), her son. Now he went to get wood, sticks he gathered. Then a stick ran into him right here. 3 Now his son became older. Then (his father) louses him on his head and finds his scar on his head. After they had given birth to him, a stick had run into him on his head, (whence his scar). Then "How did you come to get (his father) said to him: this scar of yours?" Then he whipped his son. Then a he said to him Where did you get to be so ?" 6 "Once a deer struck me with its horns." "Then bathe!"
:
he said to
his son.
Then
the
boy bathed.
Now
he, the
boy, became older, but elks never appeared to him (when he hunted, for he had falsely accused them of inflicting
the scar upon him).
Now
then
it
is
finished
he got to
be
2
3
old.
Story, story.
Pointing to head, These nouns lack the masculine pronominal prefix i-. It is here used, probably unidiomatically, Iq'.e'uqt means properly "old man."
for "old, older."

5 6
Probably tcligE'qiqct ("he louses him").

Literally,
"Where you-person
in
(or you-poor-one) you-become?"

ta'ntxo
-txo
occurs
Kathlamet
in
("why?")
Perhaps
this
should be tke-
watxo ("thus").
8
Related to qana'x ("how many?")
WASCO TALES AND MYTHS

COLLECTED BY
JEREMIAH CURTIN
Edited by
EDWARD
SAPIR.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE.
and myths that make up the followfolk-lore were obtained by the late Jeremiah Curtin in the first months of the year 1885 at Warm Spring Reservation, Oregon (see 6th Ann. Rep.
twenty-five tales
The
ing collection of
Wasco
Bur.
Eth.,
i884-'85, pp. xxxvu-xxxvm).
Permission to
in
publish
ican
Curtin's
Wasco
Curtin
mythological
is
material
this
volume has been kindly granted by the Bureau of AmerEthnology.

well
set
mythology by myths, published under the title of "Creation Myths of Primitive America" (Boston, 1903); J. Mooney has also arranged and published five Seneca historical traditions, obtained by Curtin from the Senecas of New York State, in his "Myths of the Cherokee" (see iQth Ann. Rep.
Bur.
larger
American
his
of
known to students of Wintun and Yana
Am.
The Eth., 1897-98, pp. 359-364, 365-370). part, however, of Curtin's collection of American
in titles,
myths, is still in manuscript. Outside of comparatively unimportant changes
wording, and paragraphing, the text of Curtin's manuscript For the grouping, however, has been allowed to stand.
of the
Spirit
material
Stories,
into
the five heads of Tales, Guardian-
Coyote Stories, At!at!a'lia Stories, and Miscellaneous Myths, for the arrangement of the tales and myths within each group, and for the footnote comIt has also seemed best ments, the editor is responsible.
to
their English equivalents; for
names of the characters by where the names of the myth characters and the ordinary animal names are identical, as is generally the case in American mythology, there seems to be little point in treating the Indian names as
replace
Curtin's
Indian
untranslated proper nouns.

[
2 39]
240
Indians (calling themselves Gatasqlo' 1 ) formerly occupied the southern shores of Columbia River in the region of The Dalles, and formed, with the closely
related
The Wasco
Wishram (more properly Wi'cxam)
or Ha'xluit on
the
shore of the river, the most easterly members of the Chinookan stock. To the east and south the
northern
Wasco were
the north
themselves.
contiguous and west to
to tribes of Shahaptin stock, to
members
of the
same stock
as
At
Reservation, in ritory; they are
present they reside on Warm Spring what was originally mainly Shahaptin ter-
here
closely
associated
with Shahaptin
(chiefly Tenino) Indians and with Oregon Shoshones (Paiutes, Snakes). Excepting Boas' "Traditions of the Tilla-
mook
vi.,
Indians"
(in
pp.
23-38,
Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. 133-150) and the rather small number
of Klamath
math
Eth.,
mythical texts contained in Gatschet's "KlaIndians of Southwestern Oregon" (Contr. N. Am. Vol. ii., Pt. i, pp. 64-132), these Wasco tales
and myths are practically the' first specimens of Oregon mythology yet published. It will be observed that they exhibit a considerable number of close resemblances and identities with incidents already published in to Boas's "Kathlamet Texts" and in my preceding " Wishram Were more comparative material available from Texts." Washington and Oregon, it would probably be found that
the
Chinookan,
in
at
any
rate
Upper Chinookan,
tribes, pretty
tribes
formed,
1
comparison with neighboring
much
situated
the
Wasco (more properly Wa'sqlo) was the chief village of the Wascos. It was a few miles above The Dalles, opposite Nixlu'idix, the main village of Wishrams. The name is derived from wa'cq'.o ("small bowl" or "cup" [genof horn]),
a
erally
the
reference
being to a cup-shaped rock near the village, into
which
simply
spring bubbles up, or means "those who have
Wasko
Eth.,
The Wasco tribal name Galasq!o' formerly did. the cup." Mooney's suggested explanation of as a Tenino word meaning "grass" or "grass people" (i4th An. Rep. Bur.
Pt.
2,
1892-93,
p.
741)
is
apparently an example of Shahaptin "popular
etymology."
241
in regard to mythology as well as language from the Clackamas Indians of Grand Ronde Reservation would be of value in this connection. Only
;
of a
unit
material
some
given
of
in
the
more
;
striking
myth cognates have been
the notes
American
listing
the steadily increasing bulk of North mythology makes anything like an exhaustive
myths, incidents, and myth motives, impracticable, and accentuates from day to day the need of a concordance to the already published material.
of
cognate
EDWARD
SAPIR.
II.
I.
TALES.
A WASCO WOMAN
DECEIVES HER HUSBAND.'
A man
It
and his wife and four children lived at Wasco. was the time of year when the women were cutting
to
grass
pack
their
dried
fish
woman was
talked with
getting grass, a
her.
in. One day, while this man from Tenino came and
3
They
creek
I
fell
in
love with each other and
planned to
"I
will
;
deceive the old husband.

to
The woman
till
I
said,
it I'll
go
will
and eat alder-bark

man.
live."
I
spit
up
the
he
think
pretend to
bark.
die."
spitting blood. "All right," said the
am
After a time
She chewed
"What's
other
At
night she came to the house, apparently
suffering
terribly,
and
said,
"I
can't
the matter?" asked her husband.
"Oh,
told
must have brothe
ken
"I'll
something
inside."
She had
man,
die at daybreak. They will bury me, and you must near to me be dig up quickly." At daybreak she died. Before dying she said to her
husband, "When I die, take my cup and mountain-sheep Don't cover it all up." horn dish and cover my face.
human beings
five narratives that deal with the doings of other words, the idea of a mythic or pre-Indian age, the people of which are the untransforme'd prototypes of present-day animals or The word "tale," as contrasted plants, is either absent or kept in the background.
i
Under
this
title
are
;
included
as
such
in
with
"myth,"
is
not meant
to
imply that supernatural or mythical elements are
lacking, but merely that such elements are thought in these tales to have entered The last few sentences of No. into the life of human beings as now constituted.
I
almost wilfully
familiar
role
turn
a pure tale into a
his
of transformer.
Texts, pp. 201-231 of this a For the myth motive
myth by the introduction of Coyote in With these tales as a class compare Wishram volume, and Boas's Kathlamet Texts, pp. 155-230.
of pretended death in order to satisfy forbidden lust,
compare Wishram, pp. 105-107 of this volume (Coyote and his Daughter). 3 Tenino (or Ti'naino), a village of the Wa'yam Indians (known to the Wasco as Itk'.a'imamt), was situated nearly five miles above The Dalles, being the first
Shahaptin village on the south side of the Columbia east of Chinookan territory.
[242]
243
The husband buried her soon after sunrise. As soon as he went away, the other man dug her up, and she went with him to Tenino. The old husband built a sweathouse, sweated five days, and
mourned much.
cried
He
did not
know what to do with his children, they ried so. One day he took the children
and worr
out and
made
pictures on the rocks to amuse the youngest child To amuse his little pictures of deer, birds, and weapons. girl he placed five stones in the road, one after another, and made holes in each stone.
Towards midnight of the following day the fire went out, and in the village the fires went out in every house. Next day the father said to the eldest boy, "Go over to Tenino and get fire." The two boys started. Towards sundown they reached Tenino, peeped into the door of a house, and the youngest boy said, "That woman looks
like
our
mother."
Their father had

with
to
little
The made
it,
other
said,
"It
is
our mother."
for
a stick
of cedar-bark
them
up
cracks in
good
to hold fire; they crept
and lighted this stick. young baby. She saw the two boys and asked, "Does "Yes," said the eldest your little brother cry much?"
the
fire
The mother had a
boy, "he cries
all
the time."
this
few days after
the
fire
;
went out again.

fifth
The
their father that
the boys went four times for fire when they went for fire they always saw He said, "You must not talk that way." their mother. They laughed, and he scolded, saying, "It is wrong to
time they told
say
that.
Your mother
is
dead."
They
said,
"No, she
We see her every time we go." At last he went is not. Then he went to to her grave and found it empty.
Tenino,
and saw her with the She went out for water, he followed her, other man. touched her on the shoulder, and said, "Why have you
looked into the house,
244
done him
this?"
to save her
She threw her arms around him and Pegged She said, "I am sorry, and I want life.
This
him.
to live with
you again.
with
man whips me
I'll
all
the time
I have you what to do. peace When he puts his head on my lap and goes to sleep, you can slip in and cut his head off." This was done, and the man and his wife went home together. Next morning, when it was time for the man to get People came in, took the up, he still lay covered up. cover off, and found that his head was gone. They l and to to Celilo went could not find the head. They up
no
tell
'
At last they heard four different villages to hunt for it. that the woman's husband had stuck it up on a pole.
Then they made war on
both sides were
asked,
said he,
the
man and
his people.
When
ready to fight,
this
"What does
"I'll
Coyote came along and mean?" They told him. "No,"
A woman
things.
should
not have such a thing; this must end here. I'll end all such never cause war.
and
Right here you people of Tenino become rocks, Both sides are standing you Wascos be rocks."
all
there to this day,
rocks.
2.
HARD WINTER NEAR THE
DALLES.*
During a hard winter among the people at Dog River, twenty-five miles below The Dalles, a great snowstorm It snowed for seven months without stopping. set in. The snow had buried the tallest trees out of sight, and the people 'lived under the snow.
miles above The Dalles, (Si'lailo) was a Wa'yam village about eleven or thirty Wa'yam Indians are said to live there yet. a See a similar In this a trivial but fortale, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 216-220. bidden act done by a child (a boy plays with his excrements) brings on an unu1
Celilo
Twenty
sually
severe
storm;
compare also Teit, The Shuswap (Publications of the Jesup
North
Pacific Expedition, Vol. II, p. 744).
245
At the Cascades people were catching salmon there was no snow there or at The Dalles. It snowed in one The people under the snow did not know that it place. was summer everywhere else. The way they found it out was this
;
:
came with a strawberry in its bill to an air-hole they had made up out of the snow. They asked what it was that had brought such a storm, and
little
bird
at
last
discovered
bird.
that
It
one of the
girls in
their village
girl,
had struck a
was proved against the
and
The parthey offered her parents a great price for her. ents would not sell her for a long time. At last the as it floated her the ice on people bought her, and, putting down the river, pushed the ice into the middle of the
way they got rid of the snow. A few days later a Chinook wind came bringing heat. The snow melted away at once, and things began to grow. The girl floated on, day and night, down the river. At the end of that time she Five years she floated. came back to the place where she had been put on the
stream.
In that
she returned, there was but a small bit of ice For she under her, just enough to hold her bones up. was almost gone, only skin and bones remained. They
ice.
When
She was no longer accustomed to the smell of people, and died from the After a time she came to life, but it was odor of them. a year before she could eat much. Every summer after that she was nearly frozen to death, and went all bundled up but in winter she was too warm, would take off all her clothes, and go naked.
took her into the
village.
She
died.
246
3.
AN ARROW-POINT MAKER
BECOMES A CANNIBAL. 1
There was an arrow-point maker on the right side of Columbia River, three miles below The Dalles. One day
this
He put cut his finger with flint, so that it bled. his finger in his mouth, liked the taste of the blood, ate
man
finger
off,
his
then his
hand,
pulled
the flesh from his
At last he had only arms, legs, and body, and ate it. a little bit of flesh left that was below his shoulders on his back, where he could not reach it. He was a skeleton now nothing but the bones were left, only his heart hung in his body. He went to the next village and ate all the people. They could not kill him, nothing would
;
penetrate his bones.
Now
his wife, carrying
little
son, escaped,
went south,
travelling on the grass, right on the tops of the blades of grass, so that he could not track her for a long time. 3 At last he found the tracks. The moment he found them,
his wife
knew
it.
She travelled day and night in great fear. The husband gained on her, came nearer and nearer all the time. Far ahead of her was a blue mountain. She hurried on. When she reached the foot of the mountain, she saw a A very old man sat on one side house, and went in. making bows and arrows, his daughter sat on the other
side
making
little
tobacco-sacks.
The woman called him by a kinship name, but the old man did not answer. The north wind, which had grown
1
This
of the See,
The first part is evidently a composite of two distinct stories. here given is a variant of the wide-spread Rolling Skull myth. for example, Curtin's Creation Myths of Primitive America, pp. 325-335, for
tale
tale
as
a Yana parallel.
as game,
is
The second part of the tale, the hunting of the Tobacco people only loosely joined on to the first. 2 Travelling on the tops of blades of grass in order to avoid making tracks is a myth motive found also in Wishram (p. 71 of this volume).
247
and almost carried the trees. At last she begged so hard, that the old man said, "Hide behind me." That moment the skeleton came in with a frightful wind, walked around the fire, and stamped on the old man's arrows, which broke into bits. The old man seized a long arrowThat instant point and thrust it into the skeleton's heart.
stronger,
began
to
blow
terribly,
house away, threw down great
the skeleton
fell
to the
ground
it
a pile of bones.
The
wind stopped blowing when

the wife
fell.
of the
skeleton-man,
The old man said to "Come and throw these
bones out doors."
There was plenty of tobacco growing on the hill above the old man's house. He made arrow-points all the time; and when his quiver was full, he would start out and
return with old
man
is
;
empty, but with tobacco in his hand. The and his daughter lived on smoke, neither ate
it
anything;
that
they
those
lived
straight.
on smoke from the kind of pipe
made
The
he
old
man always
were
all
shot
the
tobacco
whom
shot
Tobacco people.
daughter put
it
When
he brought home the tobacco,
his
into the sacks,
and they smoked
till
was gone.
Then
his
he went again for another hunt of these people.
The woman and
child lived with the old
man and
daughter a long time. he hunted squirrels for

old
When
his
mother.
the boy got old enough, One day when the
old
man went out, man shoot up at

all
the boy followed him. a bluff of high rocks.
He saw
the
The Tobacco
on these high rocks. He crept down, people sat behind the old man, took an arrow, and wished it to
lived
same instant that the old man's arrow left his bow, and five bunches of tobacco came down. The old man was delighthe had never shot so much in ed, and danced for joy a whole day. "You are my son-in-law," said the old
hit
the
tobacco.
The arrow
left
the
bow
at the
248
father
man, and went home. The daughter was glad that her had so much tobacco. The old man said, "I don't
himself.
know but that it is a death-sign." The boy laughed to The old man said to his daughter, "This is your husband," and added, "The people of the future will be
willing to give their daughters to a
girl
must wait
old
till
good hunter, and the the father and mother find such a man.
rested,
filled
The
old
man now
tobacco for him.
He
and the young man hunted the house with tobacco. The
the
man was
satisfied.
Then
young man,
his wife
and mother, came to Columbia River. When they came the village where the young man's father had turned into a man-eater, they found only bones. The young
to
man gathered up
times,
spoke
five times to the sky,
the bones, threw paint into the air five and the people all rose
up as they were before the man-eater When the mother was aid, she
every day by her daughter-in-law. and her son said, "It will be the duty of a daughter-inlaw to care for her mother-in-law among the people to
had devoured them. had food given her She grew weak fast,
The mother said, "My daughter and I will go south, and we will be guardian spirits to medicine-women, and will give authority to women to smoke. When a woman smokes, she will be a medicine-woman." The son
come."
said,
"I will
I
whom
be a guardian spirit to help people. 1 help will be good hunters."

3 DIABEXWA'SXWAS, THE BIG-FOOTED MAN.
Those
4.
There was a
bia River.
1
chief
who
lived near the
mouth of Colum-
His feet were three feet long, his whole body
The last paragraph, in which arrangements are made for the world to come, helps to give this tale much of the character of a myth.
2
Compare Kathlamet Texts, pp. 158-165.
with the incident of a
woman
The cognate Kathlamet tale begins giving birth to dogs which later become human beings,
249
was
in
proportion.
He had
places.
The house was
a long house with five firenicely fixed, with fish and animals
carved around on every side. He had a hundred wives, beds on one side of the house, and fifty on the other. fifty A short distance to one side he had a house in which lived one hundred slaves. These slaves took great baskets every evening at sundown, brought sand from a bank at the seashore, and scattered it around the chief's house
Then they smoothed the sand yards in width. not even a mouse could move around the chief 's perfectly; house without leaving tracks.
for
fifty
This big-footed
there.
man was
chief of
After nightfall nobody

chief
his
the people about went near the chief's house.

all
The
went around his house every night to each About midnight he would be halfway around, and the sun would come when he was with the last wife. He had a great many daughters, but not one
one of
wives.
son.
Diabexwa'sxwas that there was a chief's daughter country, and he made up his mind to go and buy her. He had fifty canoes filled with provisions and men to take him up the river. They landed
to
in
News came
the
Wasco
near
foot to the village. fifty slaves to give for the chief's daughter,
Wasco and came on
He brought
twenty-five
men and
the
girl
Nadaiet was the name of twenty-five women. he had come for. They camped beside a bluff
the girl her people were willing he was a great chief. Whatever he asked He took her home. Next morning, when for, he got. he returned, he asked, "How many children were born
of rocks.
He bought
to sell her, as
when
their dog-blankets are burned.
in origin.
The connection between
Tia'pexoacxoac, the Kathlamet one of the dog-children, a daughter, of the woman.
This is evidently an absolutely distinct story the two tales is loosely established by having correspondent of the Wasco Dia'bexwasxwas, woo
250
"Five girls." He had no sons, was gone?" as soon as because he killed them they were born, for he did not want any one to be greater than himself. 1 The slaves brought Nadaiet bore him a child in time. it sand every evening was perfectly level, so that no After person could come near to meddle with his wives. of the Five her child was born, he asked, "What is it?" women had made a plan to deceive him, and they said, "It is a girl." They had been with their husband when he bought Nadaiet, and they sympathized with her. They The five women thought put girl's clothes on the baby. and cared for the child even more than the mother did. Word went out that the chief was killing all his sons. Everybody was angry. The boy grew fast. He was large and heavy, and began to look like a boy; he was The girls were very large at three or four very wise. And it is years of age they were as large as women. from this that the Chinook people are so large and have
while
I
, ;
such big
to
feet.
of the boy, as he grew older and began show by his behavior that he was a boy, began to cry. She felt very anxious. The chief noticed this, and thought that she was homesick. He said, "If you wish, you may
The mother
take
I'll
and go home to your father for a visit. This was just what pleased the women they got a canoe ready, and the five women went with her. They told all not to tell about the child, and
the
child
come
;
for you."
they got up the river out of sight of the old man, they took off the girl's clothes that the child was wearing, and put on a boy's. they
promised to keep the
secret.
As
All old
that
were with her were delighted, and

longer."
said,
"The
man shall not be our master any was named after his father.
1
The boy
p. 187.
For the killing
of one's
male children, compare also Kathlamet Texts,
The others returned, the mother remained at Wasco. The mother told the boy about his father and how many boys he had killed. The boy was angry, and hunted in
the
mountains
to
for
guardian
his
spirits,
that
fifth
strength
fight
said,
father.
The
five
he might get night he came
Thunders 1 and LightHis mother said, nings have given me their strength." "That is not enough." He went again, came home the " fifth I have the day, and said, strength of five bands of Bears." He went the "That is not Grizzly enough." third time, and said, "There are five bands of Elk, and - "That the strength of them is mine-, they promised it."
"Mother, the
is
home and
nothing, get more." old chief was very bad among his people. He could walk on the water; when people were coming along
The
on the water
them.
in
a canoe, he could walk out and destroy
Now
father.
the
of running
boy's mother wanted him to get the power on the water so that he might overcome his
said,
She
"Do
not
seek power any longer on
the mountains, but seek by the water." He went to the His water and got the power of the five Whirlpools. mother said, "That is not enough." When he came the
fifth
time,
he
said,
"I
have the power of the

(tsia'xitilul).
five long-
legged
Water-Spiders
They
said,
'We
will
His give you strength to run on the water, as we do.'" on him run mother went to the water and saw it; he
already
better
had large
look for
still
feet.
Now
she
told him,
"You had
on the water." He low Flies running on the water

said,
another power of someting that runs got the power of five bands of yel(iqli'naxwixwi).
His mother
"This
is
enough."
The
1
old chief had not

for the five
come
brothers,
for his wife
and daughter,
Compare,
Thunder
Wishram, pp. 121-131 of this volume.
252
as
he had intended
to.
The young man was now
half
grown, and was larger and stronger than his father. gathered fifty canoes and men and weapons, took
mother,
killing
He
his
and went down to make war on

all
his father for
his half-brothers.
the
his
opposite the servants to ferry them over.

river
all
They landed on the side of house of the old chief, who sent
He
who
the people were. remain with him, and
The young man
did not yet know told the men to

so.
were glad to do
At night
he walked over on the water to the other side, and got to the house just as his father rose up from one of the women. As his father went to the next woman, the
young
bed.
to
lay down at the foot of the first woman's All that night, as his father went from one woman
man
he followed him. The women all wondered was that he came a second time to their bed. They talked together and said, "It must be the young
another,
it
how
chief,
our son,
who has come."

night he did the same.
The second
Next morning the
chief saw tracks, measured them, and found that they were larger and broader than his own. 1 He now suspected that he had a son, and told his people to get ready
The old chief brought fifty canoes with weapons and made an attack on the young man. He came with a Chinook Wind of great force, while the young chief brought the East Wind. The young man's canoes were urged forward by the East Wind, and the Chinook Wind drove onward those of the old man. When they met, there was a terrible crash the canoes were broken and
for war.
;
The young man drove the old chief home, and a great many men were drowned. they fought in this way, the East Wind driving
sunk.
1
all
the
way
Four days the Chinook
In
the
Kathlamet
tale
the son's feet are of the same length as his father's,
but are broader.
253
Wind. 1
fail
him.
The fifth day the old man's The father and son did not
the
water,
to
strength began' to fight in the canoes,
but
on
hand
to
hand.
As
the
in
old
man's
it
strength began would not hold
fail,
he began to sink
the water;
by
his
son and
;
father's wives
went
back
to
him up any longer. He was overcome The young chief liberated all his His mother only ten he took for himself. the Wasco people and lived with them.
killed.
The young
chief ruled his people well.
5.
A WOMAN
MARRIES A PERSON
WHO
is
DOG
IN
THE
DAY AND A MAN AT NIGHT.

chief of the Hqa'ditix 2 people lived about four miles below The Dalles. He had a daughter whom he prized beyond anything. One time a dog came and stole away
young woman's paint. She followed the dog for days, and was nearly dead when she came out of the woods and saw a house at the farther end of a She saw a fire there, went near, and saw a valley.
this
four
family
dogs that were carrying fire from the house and making fires in the woods. She entered the One had a house and found three old dogs there. whole family of young dogs another old dog lay on one he had but one eye and both ears were cropped side of small
;
She saw a great That moment deal of venison, and wished she had some. She a dog jumped up and put venison in front of her. said, "You should not do that; they will say I stole it." Then she saw a nice buckskin, and thought, "I should like
off;
and
still
another
dog
lay there.
1 Compare, for a fight between the Chinook and East winds, Wishram, pp. 103-105 of this volume. * Curtin's manuscript has Ickaditiq, to be read probably as Ilqa'ditix; iqa'ditix
is
the
Wasco word
for
"cinnamon (?) bear."
254
that."
it
before
Another dog jumped up, pulled it down, and put She slapped him and said, "You should her.
it."
not do that; they will say I stole After sundown she woke up,
she was so tired that
She heard talking, looked around, she had fallen asleep. saw that the dogs were all gone. Young men were in
the house
now.
One
of
them
said,
"We
are afraid to
you slap us so." (The dogs had you anything turned into young men when the sun went down.) all She This was the very one who had stolen her paint.
give
said,
I
"I will stay
here to-night, to-morrow
shall
go home.
came
for
my
paint."
Now
wife.
the young
man who had

now
all
beside her.
This was
staid
stolen the paint lay down the marriage he took her for his
;
She
the time with
her
husband.
After a while a son was born.
The
relatives of the
man
The
took the
put the
child,
wrapped
it
up,
it
baby in, mother was frightened.
covered
opened the ashes up, and roasted
carefully,
it.
The husband,
his
"You
ing.
can't take care of this boy, I have sent him to where
seeing this, said, are fond of sleepyou
grandmother
and
grandfather are." Five days and five nights after the child was roasted He could now to ashes, it walked out of the ashes.
walk around.
mother and said, "Mother!" She could scarcely believe what she saw. The father 1 In said, "Didn't I tell you that it was well cared for?" born. was in a was She treated like manner. time girl When the children grew to be quite large, they seemed sad. The mother said, "They want to see their grandparents, I have told them many times about the old
to his
He came
people."
1
The man
told his
relatives
to
pack plenty of
are
told
Compare Boas, Chinook Texts, p. 189. The same kind of adventures by the Chinook of a woman who married the Salmon-Harpoon.
255
The woman wondered who could carry such Her husband said, "You go ahead with the a load. children camp while the sun is still up. If you hear a great noise, pay no heed to it, don't look back." They
dried meat.
;
near sunset, then camped. Soon she heard a great noise in the direction from which she had come it grew louder and louder. She did not look up.
started, travelled
till
;
Great packs of meat rolled in and stacked themselves up around the fire, kept coming till all she had seen at home
was
there.
The second day she camped near sunset, the meat came in the same way. Every evening, as soon as she camped, with a great roar and noise the meat came in and piled itself up around the fire. The fifth evening fresh venison came. The husband and several of his In the morning they all travelled after. came soon people on together; about night they reached her parents. The
meat followed, and also fresh venison, newly killed. All the time she had been gone, her father and mother had cut off their hair and mourned for her. All rejoiced The fourth she gave meat to every one. at her return
dried
;
day
after her return the

all
woman
called the people of the
village together;
came
on
into the house.
The husband
wife
;
lay
a shelf or bed and watched his
he
was
she
chanced
Two nice-looking jealous. Her husband to look at them.

eat
for
five
men came
in
was very
angry.
fifth
He
didn't
day he took
his son
and
started for
days and nights. The home. At the

the
gathering the
son,
woman had
to
all.
given a skin robe to each per-
and
meat
When
man
started,
these
followed him, no matter where they were or what use they had been put to, and all the venison that had not been eaten rose up and left. When the woman's father found that her husband had
robes
256
She said, "He left me because gone, he questioned her. I looked at the two men who wished to buy me when was a girl." The man, after getting home, lived many days and nights without eating he was sorry for what he had done. At last he destroyed himself. Since that time, if an Indian leaves his wife, he takes
I
,
all
he has given her people.
II.
i.
GUARDIAN-SPIRIT STORIES.
THE HUNTER WHO HAD AN ELK FOR A GUARDIAN
SPIRIT.
There was a man at Dog River, 2 in days gone by, whose wife was with child. Pretty soon she gave birth to the child. While she was sick, he carried wood, and one day a piece of bark fell on his forehead and cut
him.
When
father
to
killed birds
and
the
ashamed
to
was large enough to shoot, he he was a good shot. One day squirrels "You don't do as I used to. I am said, own you. When I was of your age, I used
the
boy
catch
young
one, the old see on my forehead."
One day when I caught one attacked me and made the

elks.
a young
scar you
The boy had

"If
visit
from an elk
and the elk

I
said,
you
will
serve
me and
hear what
say,
will
be
You your master and will help you in every necessity. must not be proud. You must not kill too many of any kind of animal. I will be your guardian spirit." The young man became a great hunter, knew where He killed what he bear, elk, deer. every animal was,
needed
father,
I
for
said,
himself,
and
no more.
The
old
man,
his
"You
are not doing enough.
At your age
used to
father's
do more."
scolding.
his
was very angry at the young man to kill five herds of

1
The young man was grieved at The elk, the young man's helper, At last she caused the old man.
elk.
He
killed all except
in the tales of this group is the more or less involuntary a warning against of acquirement supernatural power. No. I is at the same time the abuse of such power. The idea that modA-ation must be exercised in the
The main point
use of magic
2
comes out strongly Vol. I of this series, pp. 183-193.
also
in
several
stories
in Jones's
Fox Texts,
Now
generally
known
as
Hood
River, a southern tributary of the Columbia.
[257]
17
II.
258
though he tried to kill even her. This elk went to a lake and pretended to be dead the young man went into the water to draw the elk out, but as soon as he touched it, both sank. After touching bottom, the young man woke as from
his
own
elk,
and saw bears, deer, and elks without number, and they were all persons. Those that he had killed B were there too, and they groaned. A voice called, Draw him in." Each time the voice was heard, he was drawn Then nearer his master, the Elk, till he was at his side. the great Elk said, "Why did you go beyond what I commanded? Your father required more of you than he Do you see our people on both sides? himself ever did. These are they whom you have killed. You have inflictYour father ed many needless wounds on our people. He never saw my father, as he falsely told lied to you. He also said you, saying that my father had met him. That is not true he that my father gave him a scar. was carrying fire-wood when you were born, and a piece He has misled you. of bark fell on him and cut him. Now I shall leave you, and never be your guardian
a
sleep,
;
spirit
again."
When
The
told
five times,
the Elk had finished, a voice was heard saying "Cast him out." The young man went home.
old
his
man was
two wives to
The young man talking, feeling well. fix a bed for him. They did so.
lay there five days and nights, and then told his wives, "Heat water to wash me, also call my friends so that I may talk to them. Bring five elk-skins." All this was
He
and he told them, "My father was dissatisfied because, as he said, I did What my father wanted grieved not do as he had dona. the guardian spirit which visited and aided me. My father deceived me. He said that he had been scarred
done.
together,
The people came
259
on the head by an elk while taking the young one away. He said that I was a disgrace to him. He wanted me to kill more than was needed. The spirit has left me,
and
die."
2.
THE BOY WHO WENT TO
LIVE WITH THE SEALS. 2

at the
to
The Chinook people, who lived lumbia River, moved some distance
end of the
first
mouth of Cothe east. At the
One
the
day's journey they camped on the shore. of the men had a little boy. After they had fixed camp, he went with the boy to mend his canoe.
boy disappeared. The father thought he had gone back to the camp, When he had finished the canoe, he went to the camp and asked his wife where She had not seen him. They went to the the boy was. river, tracked him to the water, and all said that he was drowned. Next morning the people moved on still farther
After
a while
the
parents hunted everywhere for the child, too but at last they went; they could not find the child. Two or three years after this another party went up
up the
river.
The
the river.
On
an island
many
the
seals,
and among
the river there were a great them a boy. Word was sent to
in
People went out and watched parents of the boy. to to come for the seals land, so that they might see the boy. They watched till the seals came up on the
island,
one by one, and soon the island was covered.
1 The fact that the young man divulges his guardian spirit is itself indicative of approaching death, for only upon the death-bed was it customary to communicate this, the greatest secret of one's life. 2 The visit of human beings to the land of the whales, seals, or other food-
of this earth, to whom they animals, and their return to the people to obtain a large food-supply, is a characteristic type of tale or the Coos of Oregon (Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. XXII, also Swanton's Haida Texts and Myths (Bulletin 29 of Bureau
grant power myth among
Compare
pp. 25-41). of American
Ethnology), pp. 7-14, for a similar tale of a
visit
to the
salmon.
26O
At
last the
boy came up out of the water and
lay
down
away
he
by the seals.
The people
crept up, caught the boy, and
took him to shore by force.
He
struggled to get
from them, and

refused
to
tried to return to the water.
At
first
anything but raw salmon and other fish, and he would not talk but by degrees he came to act like other human beings. Finally his parents got him
eat
;
and he became very industrious. carved bows and arrows and worked all the time. As he grew up, he used to tell many stones of how He said that seals he had lived down with the seals. were just like people; they moved from place to place, camped at night, and would go as far as The Dalles. They moved around as the Indians did on land. The people had to watch him when he was in a canoe, for fear he would go back to the seals. The seals were alaround when he was near. He always ways floating His parents always covered his called them by name. head when he was in a canoe. One day he threw the cover off, saw the seals, called them by name, said, "I am going," and jumped into the water. He came to the surface far out, and said to his father and mother, who were in the canoe, "I have a home down in the water.
back
to his right mind,
He
will
remain there hereafter."
3.
DESERTED BOY is PROTECTED BY DAUGHTER. 3

village opposite
ITC!I'XYAN'S
There was a
village
1
lived
The who was boy very
Dalles,
and
in
the
quarrelsome.
He
ters.
The implication doubtless is that he becomes a guardian spirit for seal-hunCompare the end of the tale in Boas's Kathlamet Texts, pp. 166-174. 2 Compare Wishram tale, pp. 139-145 of this volume (The Deserted Boy). Itc'.i'xyan is the protector of fishermen and hunters of water-animals. Compare
Chinook Texts,
p. 221.
also Boas's
26 1
whipped the other boys, killed one or two. At last the chief told the boys to take this bad one away to some leave and come distance, him, slip off, home; then they were all to move away. The bad boy had two grandmothers who had reared him. The boys took him off to the place agreed upon, then slipped off and left him.
till sundown, then began to shout to the boys was time to go home. The boys had left their voices there to answer for them, and they said, "No, it is not time It was then almost dark. yet." The two grandmothers had left fire for him between two mussel-shells hid in the ashes, a deer-rib which the
He
staid
it
that
Indians
used to
make
fish-hooks
out
of,
and ten
wild-
potatoes. They did not want to go and leave him, but the people forced them to go. Now the boy discovered that he had been left, and he ran home as fast as he
He could, found the village gone, the place cleared off. looked across to the other side of the river, and saw the
whole village camped there. every now and then began to
He
cry.
lived,
felt
He
very lonely, and searched around

fire
where his and rib.

In
grandmothers
had
and found the
morning a great many magpies came around. He set a trap and caught three of them. He skinned them and made a robe, which he spread over his breast at night. Next day he caught three more. He ate one Each day he caught potato a day as long as they lasted. On the fourth day he had twelve skins, three magpies.
the
his
blanket
now came
to
his knees.
line out of his trap-strings and went fishing. " Give me his line out, and said to the river,
He made a fishHe threw

all
kinds of
food."
He
at
fished
five
The people saw him from

All
once,
days, caught a fish the other side.
each day.
on the
fifth
day, he
jumped up and ran
262
back and forth from the bank to the water. Then he danced along the river and sang very loud. The words
he sang were,
make my magpie robe fly, now I'll make my magpie robe fly." They heard his words on the other side. They watched, and saw him draw
I'll
"Now
something long and white out of the water. He threw on his back and went to his camp. The bundle was it made of different kinds of wood, and was full of roots, Towards evening salmon, and all kinds of Indian food. the people saw that he had a large fire and was eating.
That night he slept warm and well. After a time he felt something cold under his head, and then something cold between his feet. He woke up, and felt a person The person said, "Are you awake?" lying at his side. "Yes." He raised up his robe, thinking that it was his robe. As he raised it, he found he had a blanket of
mountain-sheep skin over him, the blanket of the chief's He looked, and found a woman at his side. daughter.
and everything was beautiful with skin and carving around him. Early next morning the people on the other side went out, and, looking across the river, saw that the boy had a nice house where their village had been. Itcli'xyan's in the water had of the come out daughter night, while he slept, made the house, and lain down by his side. Towards sunrise he and she arose. His people saw all this; and the chief called the people together and told them to go over and see the young woman, and say, "The chief of the village had a purpose in leaving you.
in
He was
a house,
you so that you might get this house. Now that have the house, he will come back." you When the messengers came, they were astonished at what they saw. The house was much greater than they had expected. While Itcli'xyan's daughter was sleeping
left
He
263
with
the
young man
river.
that
out
of the
"All
night, food was brought "Let him right!" said the boy.
one
The next with his people, but he must come last." day the boy's two grandmothers came, then the whole village, and last of all the chief; but as he was crossing
come
the
young man raised a storm and drowned him. The young man then became chief and fed all the people for years with the food which came out of the
river,
the
river for his wife.
Even now
boys to
lives in
the
Indians
on Columbia River send
their
dark to get the spirit of ItcH'xyan. the water and helps people yet.
fish after
She
III.
COYOTE STORIES.
i.
COYOTE DECEIVES EAGLE, AND STOCKS THE COLUMBIA WITH FlSH. 2
i. Eagle was hunting Eagle's grandfather was Coyote. most of the time in the mountains, and when he came home one day, Coyote said to him, "I have found somea nest of eagles on a rock. thing for you, They
have nice feathers for arrows." Next day they went out to a rock, and Coyote said, "Take off your clothes." Eagle was handsomely dressed in beads, had long shells all over his leggings and robe. He took off his clothes and went up the rock. He pulled the feathers out, tied them in a bundle, put the bundle on his back, then looked down and saw that he was very high up the rock had gone up nearly to the sky. Then
;
1
In
these
myths
Coyote appears
in his dual capacity of culture-hero
and un-
successful
1
trickster.
With them
Texts, pp.
are to be
10-112;
Kathlamet
45-49,
compared Chinook Texts, pp. 101-106, 79-89, 148-154; Wishram, pp. 3-49,
49-51, 67-75, 95-99, 99-103, 149-153, 161, of this volume.
105-107, 107-117, 123-127, 133-139, H5-H7, It will be seen that the mythological importance of Coyote increases as we ascend the Columbia and approach the Great Basin area, his place on the coast (Chinook and Quinault) being largely taken by Bluejay. A few of the incidents that in Wishram appear woven into a loosely jointed culturehero composite are here found as separate myths or amalgamated with quite different elements; compare Wishram, pp. 3-7 and 41-43 of this volume, with the second
and with Story 2, p. 267. distinct myths have here been welded into one. For the first part, compare Gatschet, The Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon, Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. 2, Pt. I, pp. 94-97 (Eagle and his grandfather Coyote respectively correspond to A'ishish and his father K'mukamtch of the Klamath myth); Teit, Traditions of the Thompson River Indians, p. 21;
part of this story
2
Two
absolutely
Teit,
The Shuswap
is
This
distinctly
(Publications of the Jesup Expedition, Vol. II, pp. 622, 737). myth of the Plateau region, and presumably adapted by the
Wasco
pp.
to the Coyote and Eagle cycle. For the second part, compare Wishram, 3-7 of this volume Spinden, Myths of the Nez Perc Indians (Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. XXI, pp. 15, 16).
;
[264]
265 he looked at the feathers on

eagle-feathers at
all,
his
back; they were not
but coyote entrails.
Coyote had already put on Eagle's clothes, made himself look like He had Eagle's Eagle, and gone home. When he entered the house, he flute, and played on it. said, "I wonder why my grandfather does not come, I told him to come At bed-time Coyote lay quickly." between two of Eagle's wives, Mouse and Woodpecker. Next morning Coyote moved away to another place, said
nothing more about his grandfather.
his
Every day he moved
camp.
Eagle spent many days on

thin.
Thunder along split came brush these Eagle came to the ground. Then he followed his Two of the wives had not gone with Coyote. grandfather. knew he was not Eagle, but they followed on beThey hind. One of these two wives cried all the time, "My husband, my husband !" Eagle found every day the ashes of a camp. One day he found the ashes warm, and said, "To-morrow I'll catch up with them." Next day he overHe took the two wives, and they told him everything. I shall be said, "Go to-night and camp with Coyote. and Old saw He came. there." him, began to Coyote Eagle said, "I don't want them cry, took off his clothes. U I have been crying all the time; now." Coyote said,
last
At
old
the
the high rock, and grew came and split the rock; and sticks. By means of
thought you were dead." Eagle said, "All right! Keep my clothes and keep my two wives." The old man was They lived together many days, and Eagle very glad.
I
hunted.
One day he
to-morrow
started,
I'll
said to Coyote,
"I killed
show you where they are." went down five gulches, and saw the bucks.
said,
"I'll
two nice bucks; Next day they
The
cut
old
man
stay here to-night, to-morrow
I'll
266
up the meat." He made a fire and lay down to sleep. Next morning the old It began to rain, rained all night. man woke up and found that his bucks were nothing but He said, a l see, I did this. This is my hanging bushes.
He did not grandson has paid me back." feel badly, and started home. He passed the first gulch, full of swam way down to the he water deep roaring next one the water was still higher there; came to
fault.
My
the
fifth
third,
the
fourth
there
always
more
water.
The
he could not cross.
2.
he saw two
bright,
He was carried down to the great ocean. There women with a large canoe. They were very
shone more brightly than the sun; their paddles were of white wood, very beautiful. The women staid there, and kept the fish from leaving the sea and going
into
the
river to
they
worked there every day.
Coyote
thought
himself,
"How
can
manage
so that these
women
self into
will
take
me
into their canoe?"
He
turned him-
woman
it!"
The elder piece of wood and floated down. catch catch is that nice it, said, "Oh, wood; very
a
the
but
it!"
younger one
said,
"Don't touch
it,
don't
touch
Now
and they let it pass. he turned himself into beautiful white wood, and
said,
let
it
floated along. The elder sister The younger one said, "No, no!
"Oh, catch that!"

pass."
It
passed.
Every time the elder one wanted to catch it but the younger one After the fourth time he turned said, "No, let it pass." himself into a little baby on a cradle-board. As it floated down, crying and rolling on the water, the elder sister Its father Catch it, catch it! said, "See that little boy! and mother must be dead we must save the baby." The younger sister had grown tired of talking. The elder sister took the baby and carried it to their house.
turned
into
He
different
kind
of wood.
267
They had
tail
all
kinds of
fish.
The
elder sister put an eel's
the baby's mouth for it to suck. They went for wood, and left the baby. While they were gone, Coyote cooked himself all kinds of fish, ate a great deal. When
in
they came home, he was a baby again, sucking the eel's tail. Next day, while the sisters were gone, he made a
long stick to dig roots. a baby sucking the eel's
When
tail.
they got home, he was
Next day, when they went
He
the
told
his
stick
it
he went out to dig roots. but when he dug into to be strong

off,
;
ground,
broke.
The
With the dam the sisters had made to keep the fish, and all the salmon crowded up Columbia River. Then Coyote 1 took ashes and blew on the sisters, saying, "Hereafter you will be birds. People will soon come who will want
stick,
dug deeper.
next day he made another the last stick he broke down
these salmon.
You
will
be birds henceforth."
3
2.
COYOTE
is
SWALLOWED BY
iTcIi'xYAN.
Over
at Nixlu'idix,
where the Wi'cxam
village
now
stands,
He looked north Coyote was going east up the river. at the hills, and saw five men running down towards him. They said, "Old man, don't you go up along the river;
go by the
swallowed."
hills.
If
you go along the
river,
you
will
be
"Who
"Oh,
will
swallow me?"
run away; he can't swallow me.
I
"Itcli'xyan."
I'll
run like
the wind."
Coyote went on.

is
haps there
1
Finally he thought, "Percan swallow me." Then, that such a thing

in transformation,
For the throwing of ashes or dust
compare Wishram,
p.
45
of this volume.
2
Compare Wishram, pp. 41-43 of
this
volume.
268
thinking
awhile, he said,
Til go up on the
;
hill
and get
a long log and put it across my shoulders won't be able to swallow me."
then Itdi'xyan
He
As
got the log, came down, and travelled up the river. he went, he called out, "Itdi'xyan, swallow me!"
last
He plagued Itdi'xyan. At he did not know anything.

himself in
Coyote
lost consciousness;
dark place.
be that Itdi'xyan a sound as of a bell a little way off, and the voices of He sat with the log on his back, and people whispering. He make a fire, and I'll stay all night." said, "People, felt around, and found, as he thought, grass and pieces
could
it
When he revived, he found He wondered where he was had swallowed him? He heard
;
of wood, and said again,
fc
Why
don't you
make
fire?"
No
hair,
one answered.
the large
What he
of
took for grass was people's

their bodies, the smaller
for years.
pieces
wood
pieces of
wood
their bones,
which had been there
Coyote didn't yet know where he was. So he sat down, brought out his two sisters, the two Cayuse girls, as he called them, two pieces of his own excrement, and
said,
"
"My
sisters,
what
is
the matter?.
say, 'Oh, yes! but forgot it for a moment/" Coyote began to throw with his and up spittle hand, said, "Here, let rain come."
Oh, we won't tell we tell you, you will
you.
You
are
Where am I?" such a man that if I knew that before,
You were "Oh, don't, don't do that! we will tell you. warned by the five men not to go .up along the river, but you would go you wouldn't listen to advide, Now you
;
are! in; the belly of Itdi'xyan."
ir&>mn
said
"That's just what
thought,"
Coyote.
1
He
put
away
1
his sisters
where they were before.
r.
Then he took
Other instances of Coyote asking advice of his excrement sisters are to be ftmnd in Wishram v pp. 73^75, 101, .103, of this volume. Compare also Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. Chinook 101-106. On the coast of British
45-49;
Texts,
pp.
Columbia similar
acts are told of the raven.
269
his
fire-drill
and made a
fire,
on
of
his back.
all
When
there
was
taking pitch from the log light, he saw the remains
the people, some with canoes, others without. He called to the fire all that were able to come to warm
themselves.
brother.
1
Eagle
came,
also
Weasel,
his
younger
Itdi'xyan
to
now
said,
"Come
out,
swallow you."
no door," said Coyote. something his above head, breathing, growing larger and moving
smaller.
"How can I He looked up and saw
Coyote, I didn't want come out? There is
This
was
Itcli'xyan's heart.
reach," thought Coyote.
He made
"It is too high to a ladder of two canoes,
went up, and with

heart.
his flint knife cut at the root of the
Itdi'xyan said,
swallow you.
"Get out of me, Coyote! don't want you."

"I
didn't try to
Coyote
he told
said,
don't
know how
to get out."
Then
When Itcli'xyan's people to lock arms. tremendous a he blew heart was cut and dropped, breath, and threw all the people out near Celilo, but Coyote
all
the
about
six miles farther south
over the Celilo

east.
hills.
Eagle went west, and Coyote
3.
COYOTE IMITATES FISH-HAWK AND MOUNTAIN-SHEEP, 2 AND MEETS WITH VARIOUS ADVENTURES.
.
where Coyote was hungry. He ran down the river Fish-Hawk and his wife lived, and asked for something to eat. They gave him a good deal of food. He was not satisfied; then they gave him food five times, and at
i
brothers also in Wishram, pp. ' Eagle and Weasel are elder and younger 117-121 of this volume. first part consists of two episodes of * This again is a composite myth. The
the
of the host; the second part wide-spread story of the unsuccessful imitation a string of four loosely connected Coyote anecdotes.
is
270
last
"When are you going home?" "Oh, soon." to the creek with me." Fish-Hawk said, "Come down
asked,
There was a tall stump by the water, and a hole in the ice. Fish-Hawk jumped on to the stump, and from that into the water. Coyote was terribly frightened, and ran around But soon Fish-Hawk crying, "My grandson is drowned!" came out with five different kinds of fish, and gave them he told him to carry them home. to Coyote Coyote took them, and said to Fish-Hawk, "Come and visit me."
;
"Very well, I'll come some time." One day Fish-Hawk remembered Coyote's invitation, and went to his house. Coyote was glad to see him, and said, "When you are ready to go home, let me know." Soon Fish-Hawk said, "Now I am going home." Coyote
said,
Coyote climbed where he used to get up water from under the ice. Fish-Hawk smiled and wondered. to shout as Fish-Hawk had then Coyote began he jumped, hit his head on the ice, and was stunned. Fish-Hawk was sorry for him, and called his wife. She came, and said, "He will do anything that he sees others He told me that you jumped in and got fish for do. him." Now Fish-Hawk sprang on to the stump, dived down, and brought out fish. He gave them to the woman and went home. Coyote had not come to his senses yet. About evening he recovered she helped him up. He was as angry as he could be. 1
to the creek with me."
"Come down
a
on
stump near the place
few days later Coyote got hungry, and went to visit Mountain-Sheep and his wife, who lived by the bluff.
He met
I'll
1
Mountain-Sheep, who
soon."
said,
"My
wife
is
at
home.
come
With
Coyote went
into the house.
The man
episode compare Jones, Fox Texts, pp. 263-267. Kingfisher and the trickster Wisa'ka of the Fox myth closely correspond to the Wasco Fish-Hawk and Coyote. Compare also Boas, Kwakiutl Texts (Publications of the Jesup Expedition, Vol. X, p. 153).
this
271
came, and said, Til get you something to eat." took his wife by the nose and stuck a straw into it; blood, fat, and meat streamed out. They cooked all that
soon
He
came out of her

nice.
nose.
Coyote ate
When
he had finished
I
- "All want you to I'll come." As Coyote started, Mountain-Sheep right! took his knife, cut pieces of meat off his wife's sides, and gave them to Coyote, who was very glad, and said, "Be sure and come to my house." One day Mountain-Sheep went to visit Coyote. They had a good talk. Then Coyote thought he would cook
to
go home.
and thought eating, he said, come and visit me."

it,
it
Tm
very
ready
something
a
fire,
for
then
He got his bucket, made Mountain-Sheep. took hold of his wife and ran a straw up
her nose.
She sneezed, struggled, and ran away. Coyote went outside, as angry as he could be. Mountain-Sheep I not hungry. He took said, only came to visit." a knife and cut off meat from his own two sides, put it down by Coyote's wife, and went home. Coyote had When Coyote came home, he saw the gone off angry. meat and was glad. 1 2. Some time after this, Coyote got hungry, and determined to move out .near the Deer people. The Deer He got there in people were glad to have him come. He began to the evening, and they brought him food. and to his adventures tell them, said, "Friends, I am
Tm
you and I are the Wala'lap out here.

alarmed
;
in
danger.
see the tracks of
people always feather must their arrows with the tail-feather of an eagle. I'm afraid they will kill some of us." be on the watch
These
We
Next morning Coyote slipped

i
out,
and
lay hidden
by the
Compare
the
Wishram
tale,
similar procuring of food from one's own 80, for a p. and Black-Bear. Sheep is in these replaced by Deer
1
pp. 145-147 of this volume, and Chinook Texts, nose and body. Mountain-
272
path where
the largest one came along, he shot, killed him, and took his carcass home. In this way, as he needed meat, he killed the The whole family consisted of five Deer. 1 five brothers. the
hunt.
deer went to
When
When he got a servant to carry house, race wood and water. He got very angry at this. was arranged. Coyote decided to go, so he made a The Wolves couple of running dogs with horns on them.
He now
decided
to
visit
the Wolves.
to the
Wolf
they made him
ran on one side, and the dogs were with the party coming back the dogs beat, won the race, and after that Coyote ran away from the Wolves.
;
he came to an empty house he went travelled, he heard a noise, looked back, and saw a rock as large as a house rolling after him. He wondered what this could mean. Soon the rock was alAfter a
time
on.
As he
most on him. He ran with all his might, the rock came on all the faster. It hit Coyote and knocked him senseTowards daybreak of the next morning he came less. to his senses, and remembered that the rock had struck
him.
up, stole off,
Til run away from it," said Coyote. He jumped and ran with all his might but about noon he heard a great noise, and again the rock was pursuing Wherever he ran, the rock followed, gained on him. him continually. He did not know where to go. At last he came to a soft muddy bottom between hills, and Let it follow if it can." The thought, Til go there.
;
rock rolled
3
on,
got stuck in
the
mud, and Coyote
es-
caped.
1
this
volume.
2
Compare Kathlamet The Wasco
Texts,
pp.
152-1535 and Wishram,
p.
160, note 2, of
wata'lap corresponds to the

is
Wishram
wala'lap, and Kath-
lamet wa'LaxLax.
This rolling-rock episode
skull myth.
Compare
Grinnell, Blackfoot
perhaps to be considered a variant of the rollingLodge Tales, p. 165; Lowie, The Northern
Shoshone, pp. 262-265.
273
He
went on towards the
east,
and came
I
pile of buffalo-bones. I'll take these bones
He
thought, "Oh, and carry them
am
I
till
to a great so hungry! camp, then
gnaw them," but he decided not to take them. Soon he heard a noise, looked back, and saw a buffalo-cow behind She came up and said, "I'll give you meat. Those him. bones back there were my bones. You did not take
them; I'll give you meat now." She cut off flesh all around her body, and gave it to him. He ate, was satisAt last he said, "I can't fied, and remained some time. He started off, stay here, I must travel to the east." and still he travels.
II.
IV.
i.
AT!AT!A'LIA STORIES.
Two CHILDREN
Ikinickwai
2
ESCAPE FROM AN AT!AT!A'LIA.
Two
children
went out
sixth
to gather
flint.
boy and his sister went every day had each five good paddles, the
its
for this purpose.
They
was
full
of holes
The little girl said, "Hurry and pick length. up the flints; the At!at!a'h'a may come." And sure enough, The moment the words were out she was right there.
entire
of the
girl's
mouth, she looked behind, and there was the
At!at!a'lia.
The
brother
and
sister
ran
in
with
his
all
their
;
The boy might. held it tight.

The
basket,
At!at!a'fia
had one of the

caught them,
flints
hand
he
and tied the She was all spotted and striped, a terribly ugly-looking She lived on people, and was creature, and very large. She hurried along with especially fond of eating children. The girl was larger than the boy she the two children. His foot was tender from sat on his foot in the basket. the itch which he had had on it she hurt him greatly, and he said, "Sister, you hurt my foot where I had the
;
,
put them in her great mouth of it with buckskin strings.
itch."
The woman
said,
"What
is
the matter?
My
chil-
dren are burning up, surely." The girl heard what she She repeated said, and felt that she could frighten her.
1
These
five
stealing
ogress,
myths show that the Atlat'.a'lia story, the story of the stupid, childwho at the end has the tables turned on her, is a well-marked
fairy-tales
Upper Chinook type, similar in content to the familiar ogre folk-lore. The At!at!a'iia is characterized by her immense size,
for children's
flesh,
of European
striped body, fondness

frogs, lizards,
and stupidity; her own children she feeds on
and
such other food.
Her Kathlamet correspondent is called Aq!asxe'nasxena. Compare Kathlamet Texts, pp. 911; Wishram, pp. 35-39, 165-171, of this volume. 2 Translated by Curtin as a kind of fish."
[
74]
275
the
ly."
At.'atla'Jia's
words: "Your children are burning up, sureterrified at this,
The woman was
and
said,
tells
me my
names
out
"Somebody
their
children are burning up." She called over on her fingers. The fourth time the girl
loud,
called
very
"Your
children
are burning up!"

;
The woman put down the basket and ran towards home but she came back, and hung the basket up on an oak tree, one of the trees near The Dalles on the Wi'cxam side. The two children were hung up, could not get out of the basket. The boy gave his sister the flint. She
cut
filled
the the
;
strings
of the
cover,
basket with stones and
and they got out. They dirt, and hung it up

all safe,
!
again
The
then they ran to the river. woman hurried home, found her children
and said, " Oh, I thought you were burned to ashes I have a nice pair of children out here," and she told how she had got them. Then she started to bring the brother and sister. She pulled down the basket; it was heavy. She put it on her back, went home, and took off the basket. All her children got around it. She unstrapped it. Behold there was nothing but stones and dirt. She knew they had got out and run away. She put the basket on her back and started after them. The boy now made five rivers, for he was very powerful. The old woman jumped over the first river; she went over so nicely that she said, "I must try that again." She jumped over the first river five times. When she came to the second, she leaped over that too high in She jumped the the air she jumped this river five times. third river five times the fourth river the same way,
!
also the
fifth.
She saw the children now about a mile ahead. She drew in her breath, and the children came in with it. They were almost in her jaws when she stopped, for she
276
had
as
to
far
blow out again. That sent the children off about She drew in her breath as they were before.
;
they were nearly at her mouth, but she could not draw She had to blow them away. in another bit. reached Columbia River, jumped into a canoe, They and pushed it way out. They told the crawfish, the turtles, and all the fish in the water, to eat her, and the When the old woman came big rocks to roll on to her. to the river-bank, she drew in her breath, and the canoe came almost to her hand then she had to blow out, and it went far out again. She tried many times to draw them in, but her breath was not long enough. Then she ran into the water and waded out part of the way. The fish began to eat her body all over, and the rocks came rolling down from the cliffs on to her. At last, barely alive, she waded out of the water, and the chil;
dren escaped.
2.
THE FIVE
ATIAT.'A'LIA SISTERS STEAL A Bov. 1
On
The
also
the right side of Columbia River, fifteen miles below She had Dalles, lived a woman who had a child.
five
sisters-in-law
who
lived in another house.
The
woman sang
the
singing,
it till
every night. they took the
When
child,
the sisters-in-law heard

carried
it
home, and
to be
kept
the
morning.
At!at!a'tta sisters said,
Now
sisters
five
"If
we pretend
we can get the child." These five could not speak Wasco well. They had their own All tried, and language, but nobody knows what it was.
sisters-in-law,
at
last
the youngest could speak best.
They heard
this
the
Compare Kathlamet Texts, pp. 9-19; Wishram, pp. 165-173 of

last
volume.
The
is
part of the Kathlamet-Wishram myth, evidently a distinct story in origin, closely related to a seperate tale of Curtin's Wasco series (p. 303 of this volume).
277
mother
without
singing.
The youngest went
to
the
door, and
The
showing her face called out, "I want the child." child was given to her, and the five went off; they
-
were hardly out of sight when the sisters-in-law came and "You have it already," was said, "Give us the child." the answer. "No, we have not."
They
were
running
struck
fire
and looked
five
sisters
at the tracks.
sisters.
They
While
from
the
tracks
of the
four
At!at!a'lia
off,
the
tried to get the child

;
the youngest sister, but she held to it they wanted to eat it as they ran. When they were home, the eldest sisters would often beg to eat the boy; but the youngest
them off, and the boy grew up with her. The mother mourned long for her son. He grew to be about twelve years old; he used to go hunting, and brought in rabbits, squirrels, and other game. The woman liked him more and more. The other sisters wanted to feed him on frogs and snakes, such as they gave their own children to eat and ate themselves, but she always gave him good food. They often begged of her to let them eat him, but she would say, "No, he
kept
brings food
;
you'll eat
me
first."
At
last
him son. He began to wonder why were striped and spotted. An old man, Sandhill Crane, He knew all about this, and lived near the five sisters.
it
they all called the other children
troubled him.
Once
in
a while the
he ate them.
woman gave the boy snakes, and One day the woman said, "You may hunt
on every side except the north." Old Crane lived in the north not far away. One day the boy determined to go north and see why
He came to a creek, they did not want him to go there. and on the other side he saw a tall old man. The man "I can't," said the called to him, "Come over here!"
278
The old boy, "I have no way to cross." river. the across his and stretched leg
stream.
man
It
sat
down
He
If
said,
"Now
over,
cross,
was a wide but don't step on my

told
knee.
you do, you
will slip."
The boy went

did
and old Crane
him that he
not belong to that people, but to one that lived far "Now you must escape," said the old man. "Make away.
and at the last creek make choke-cherry bushes, Go on a little farther very thick and covered with berries. and you will find hung on a tree the board on which you were when a baby, and your little blanket. Take them
five creeks,
and go on." That night he went back and told the sisters that he had found a creek and lots of berries. While the boy was on his way back to them that day, the eldest sister Now said, "I told you that that boy should be eaten.
he has gone north." The youngest sister said nothing. At dusk the boy came in loaded with choke-cherries on
the boughs, and told the sisters where he
had found them. at home. remained morning they started; They crossed the five creeks, found the berries, and ate so many that they could hardly move. They began to blood. in looked their baskets to see how spit They The baskets were full many cherries they had gathered of blood. had They put cherries on their blankets they found only a mass of blood. Blood ran out of their
Next
he
.
mouths.
The boy made

ed to
to
the sun very hot, and when they startreturn home, all the streams dried up. They had
go up and down the deep sides of canyons. Four of the sisters died one after another. Only the youngest reached the house she found the house burned and her boy gone. She put the blame on old Crane, and hurried to his house. She came to the bank and accused Crane.
;
279
After quarrelling a long time, she wanted to be reconciled, to ferry her over. "All right, if you are not afraid." (She intended to eat him and then follow
and asked him
the boy.) Crane said, "Step on my knee when you come over." She started, then drew back; she did this two or
Old Crane got very angry, threatened to take his leg away. Then she started, and in the middle of the stream she stepped on his knee. He turned his leg; she fell into the river and was drowned.
three
times.
3.
JACK- RABBIT
BOY TRICKS AN AT!AT!A'IA.
A Jack-Rabbit boy once played below Wasco near a He played around in this way for four days. sand-bank.
The
all
day he went playing and jumping.

fifth
off
some
At
distance from the house, last he ran against a woman
painted
one,
as
in stripes.
like
but
lived
She was a human being, and acted on people. She was three times as
large ran against
men
are
at
her,
she
When the boy present day. reached out to catch him but he
the
;
ran away from her as fast as he could, ran towards home. She followed him.
On the he came to a rock, he ran around it. He ran into this was a mountain-sheep's horn. She ran around the rock, looked horn, and she ran on. the into the horn, saw boy's eye, and thinking, "I'll
When
rock
get
you,"
put
in
her
Then she sat down The sun was getting
hand, but couldn't reach him. with her back to the sun and waited.
hot.
She felt something on one it was side of her neck, and put her hand on the place Then there was one She pulled it off. a wood-tick.
;
on
the
other
side.
At
off
last
she
felt
ticks all
;
over her
it
body.
She pulled
her buckskin robe
inside
was
280
While pulling off the ticks, she mass of wood-ticks. the at horn. look would often At last the" boy put his hair up on top of his head, blackened his nose, and came to the opening of the He looked at her and rushed back into sheep's horn. She roared with laughter, and said, "Have I the horn. ever seen so ugly a boy !" and she rolled and laughed. Then she said to the boy, "If you could look worse than
a
that,
I
should die."
pulled his hair over his face
;
He
and
it
came
to his breast,
He great eyes were looking through the hair. came to the opening of the horn again. She laughed harder than ever, took her dress, made a hole in it, and
his
put
ran
it
catch
him.
over the horn, so that if he came out, she could While she was laughing, he came out and
away with her dress. before she knew it.
The boy and
dress were
gone
boy would not stop. She shouted and screamed, Til let you off, if you will The boy went on till he came bring back my dress." to a lake. He made ice over the whole lake, then walked over. Soon the woman came in pursuit, he threw the dress away in the middle of the lake. She tried to cross, It cracked. She stood on the put her foot on the ice. other side and teased him to get her dress for her, made
called loudly, but the
all
The woman
sorts of promises.
He
said,
"The
,
ice is strong."
He
threw two great rocks on the ice the rocks broke, the ice was so hard. This convinced the woman. She crept onto it, went out into the lake, and got near her
dress. The boy caused the ice to grow thin and break. She sank in the water and was drowned. This woman was a man-eater.
28l
4.
AN
AT!AT!A'LIA HAS HER

there
ARM
PULLED OFF.
was a boy who cried all the time; At last everybody got tired of him and went to bed, left him. He was near the fire. The others had gone up on the beds, and were trying
At Wasco
nobody could quiet him.
to sleep.
he
The boy cried away saw an arm reaching out

As
it
till
at last
he grew quiet
all
for
him,
striped
and
caught hold of him, he screamed with all his might, "Something has got me." The arm reached down through the smoke-hole to the ground. He strugpainted.
gled and struggled and screamed. At last he pulled the striped, painted arm off, threw it down by the fire, and
said,
"I've
then and
pulled off somebody's arm." They got up saw the arm. The old At!at!a'tia ran to tell
her four sisters that she had lost her arm.
Now
all
the
people living around came to the house where the crying boy was, to see the arm.
Two
boy's
night
or three mornings after that, Coyote said to the On the parents, "Let us have a great dance."
of the
dance the
an arm
;
five Atlatla'ftas
-
came
them had
Atlatla'lias.
lost
with the five

Bat,
one of were two little
Coyote
hired
Ground-Squirrel,
Gray-Squirrel to put dry grass around the house smear it with pitch. When the house was ready, the five sisters came, but the two young ones would not go in.
and and
They
because they saw the and invited them in out Coyote went
came
first.
people
;
assembled.
dance
Thy danced
told the
and sang.
he urged them to One sang, "Give
me my arm." Now Coyote

All
little
boy
to run
and get the arm.
The boy brought the arm slipped out. Then all five of the women woman. on the and put got excited dancing, and did not notice that the people
the
people
it
282
had gone
out.
They were shut
in
tight.
Then Coyote
blazed up, they still danced. The two Atlatla'lia girls outside screamed, "Oh, you are burning!" Coyote slapped their tongues with his hand and cut them off; they could not scream then. As the
set fire to the house.
it
As
flames went higher and higher, the
women
danced.
The
girls
house
fell
in,
and they were burned up.
The two
went home. 1
5.
THE
ATlATlA'LlA
WHO WAS
SONS.
DECEIVED BY
HER
Two
to
Wasco man went
a dance.
Celilo
him home, so they were married. towards spring, the man and his four brothers The man's mother ducks, more than they could use. said to the wife, "If you have any people, you had betfollowed
ter take these
woman One time, killed many
ducks to them."
She packed a large number of ducks, and started off She had two sons, whom she left with her mother-in-law. She travelled till she came to a lake. The ground around it was dry and cracked up it looked like Indian bread made of roots. She thought, "I'll eat the ducks, and carry this dirt to my father and mother and give it to them for bread." She ate all the ducks, and carried a load of the dirt. When she reached home, she gave them the bread, and they ate it all. This woman was an Atlatla'fra. She went back to her mother-in-law, and said, "My mother was very glad because of the ducks she wants more." The hunters went out and killed more ducks. She went with another load she did just as before. She
northward.
; ; ;
The burning of the At!at!a'Ha women by Coyote finds analogy in Wishram Texts, pp. 35-39 of this volume.
1
its
nearest published
28 3
started the
third time
with
ducks
she did as before,
ate the ducks and carried dirt to her father and mother.
and came home late in the She evening. Early in the morning her husband arose. was still sleeping. Her mouth was open he looked in, and saw that her teeth were full of meat and feathers. He thought, "This is very strange," and told his brother to follow her and see what she did. He followed, saw her eat the ducks if even a feather
; ;
She went the fourth time,
and ate it. The boy came escaped, home and told what he had seen, but the husband said The next time she went she carried a larger nothing. load than ever. The husband said, "Follow her, brothers, and see what she does with the ducks." All four brothers followed her. When she reached the lake, the boys went around to the opposite side and watched. Now the eldest
she ran
after
it
brother called out, "Our sister-in-law is going to kill herself eating." As he said this, the woman stopped eating
Then she went on eating again. He called same words, louder than before. She stopped and listened, but ate again. The fourth time he called
and
listened.
out in the
she began to change form, turned into a grizzly bear, and ran after them. Soon she overtook the youngest
and ate him up; then she caught the next in age and ate him. She ate the third but the fourth got into the village, and told the people that his sister-in-law was running after him and was going to eat them all up. Now the people of the village turned out and tried to kill the woman bear, but she ate them as fast as she At last she had eaten all could nothing could kill her.
; ;
the people except her husband he turned himself into a Finally she thought of her two childecrepit old man.
;
dren
from
her.
they were already off some distance, running away She left the old man and ran after them.
284
She was almost upon them, when the younger one

to
said
the elder,
"What
shall
we do?"
"We
will
make
a village here to deceive her, and all the people will be dancing around a pole." They made the village. There were many frogs; these they turned into people, and the
two boys were

she came
in
in
the midst of the frogs dancing.
When
sight, she said, "Yonder is Weditc, my elder She was delighted to son, and Wilu, my younger son." see such a crowd of people. She began to dance with
When she came to her mind, them, danced a long time. she found herself in the middle of a swamp surrounded
by frogs, up to her waist in mud and water. The boys had run far away. She followed her sons a second time, and was nearly
upon them, when the younger said, "It is time for us to do something." "All right! We'll make a village, and make it appear to our mother that we are dancing." They did so. As she got near, she saw her two boys, Now this was joined in the crowd, and began dancing. at the swampy side of a lake, and the people wer,e grass and frogs. They seemed to her real people dancing, the grass waved back and forth in the dance, the frogs sang. At last the deception ceased, and she found herself in the swamp up to her neck, with reeds and grass and frogs
all
around
her.
after the
boys a third time, and was about to catch them. They made a village of people two parties were gambling. She took part in the gambling. These
;
She ran
were frogs half sat on one log, a long line of frogs, and opposite was another log full of frogs, but they seemed to the woman like men. After a time she saw things as they were, and got out of the swamp. The fifth time she was about to catch her sons, when they made it appear that a crowd of people were playing ball on a
,
flat.
At one end she saw her elder boy, and at the other her younger. The valley seemed full of men. She joined in the play herself. When the deception ceased, she saw that the leaves of the trees, carried along by the wind,
were what seemed people to her. The boys ran on, and met Coyote, who said, "My grandsons, why do you run so fast?" They said, "We are running away from our mother, who is an Atlat.'a'fia." Coyote said, "Run on up the hill. I'll meet her." He picked up a lot of mussel-shells, broke them into bits, and put them into his leggings, tying the leggings tight
at
the
ankle
and below the knee.

his
Then he began
making an
to
beat
rattle.
time
with
leg,
the
shells
excellent
He saw
her coming, and began singing and dan-
She wondered what it was that rattled cing towards her. so about that man. He came along on the trail, came
She going over her, pretended not to see her. stepped off the trail, and asked, "What is the matter "You with you?" "Oh, I've killed two children." have killed two children?" repeated the woman. "Why, I a children those time." have been following long He went on. I ate them "Well, long ago."
near
-
"Wait," she called, "and tell me what rattles so." He danced on, she followed, and insisted on knowing how he At last he said, "I met a man who told me rattled. that he broke his leg-bone on a great rock, and then it "Oh, rattled, and still it had the same strength."
mine as you did yours." "No, you haven't strength enough it would hurt, and you would run off." But she her to a rock, and, insisted, and at last Coyote took throw it on her leg, to about was taking a great stone, when she drew back and said, "Oh, I can't stand it!" He
fix
;
danced
it;
off again,
saying,
"I
knew you
it,
couldn't
stand
only
great
men have endured
great chiefs."
She
86
again.
begged him
to
come back
He straightened out her leg. he could lift and broke her leg into pieces. danced off. She tried to follow, but fell down.
called to her,
back, she took as heavy a rock as
He came
Then he
Coyote
"You've got your

satisfied."
l
rattles,
now you
rock on
are
the
He
turned
haven't you? and her into a large
north
side
of Columbia River.
She leans
her.
up against a
1
bluff, as she stood

here employed
when he changed
is
The
rattling-ruse
by
Coyote
paralleled in
Wishram
Texts,
pp.
3539
of this volume.
V.
i.
MISCELLANEOUS MYTHS.
PITIES
EAGLE DEFEATS FISH-HAWK, AND
SKUNK. 2
Fish-Hawk was a great hunter and fisherman. He used to make holes in the ice, dive down, and catch fish all winter. He was married to Coyote's daughter. Now Eagle came to The Dalles and got married. Coyote was proud of his son-in-law, and arranged for a race. He
i.
invited Eagle.
Eagle
said,
"I don't
know anything about
running; but if Coyote wants me to run with his son-inBut Eagle began to practise. law, he must come to me."
Every evening before daybreak he would go up the mountain and drive down a whole band of deer, and kill them all. Coyote and his party came to invite Eagle. It was now given out that a man would try before any one ran, A man came out with a quiver just to show himself. and a his back on spotted robe on he danced around a while, and then, in the presence of all, he disappeared. Every one looked around for hjm. Eagle said, "He is
;
Under
this
of
many American Indian mythologies,
head have been included such myths as make up the larger part stories of powerful animal heroes, and tales
Nos. 1-3 of supernatural adventures; they are difficult to classify satisfactorily. deal with the deeds of Eagle, one of the favorite characters of Wishram and Wasco
mythology (cf. p. 264 and Wishram Texts, pp. 75~93i 107-117, 117-121, I33-I39)Nos. 6-8 may be Nos. 4 and 5 tell of the defeat of the dreaded Grizzlies. considered as forming a group of Sky Stories', they contain such well-known myth elements as the star husbands, the ascent to the sky on an arrow-chain, the origin
of sun and moon.
No. 9 seems to
distinct
be
in a class
by
itself;
its
complete under-
standing evidently requires a knowledge of the ceremonial side of
Wasco
life.
first
pp..
myths have been connected into one. The successful contests with Fisk-Hawk, is paralleled in Wishram Texts, Eagle's part, a foot-race takes place be133-139, especially p. 135, of this volume, where
Here again two evidently
Fish-Hawk and Jack-Rabbit, one of Eagle's men. The second part deals with Eagle's generous treatment of poor Skunk, who makes himself ridiculous in his attempt to imitate the dancing and hunting feats of Eagle.
tween
[187]
288 and Eagle increased the heat of the sun on the spot where the man was, so that he burst immeIt was a body-louse that had put on the form diately. of a man, danced, then taken its natural form, and disappeared nobody knew whither, and no man was able to find out who he was till Eagle killed him with the heat He had often been to dances and shown of the sun.
there
outside,"
himself in this way, for a living.
Eagle and Fish-Hawk went out on the ground The sun began to grow hot they ran together to run. to the place where they turned, and got halfway back. Then Eagle brought on a rain-storm, and it grew too muddy for Fish-Hawk he got all wet, and Eagle ran away from him. Old Coyote had to bring his son-in-law
; ;
Now
home
to
he was almost dead.

winter,
About the middle of the

dive
Coyote wanted Eagle

said,
1
with
Fish-Hawk.
but
to
Eagle
I'll
"I
don't
know
anything
son-in-law
about diving,
came
stuck under his belt,
his Coyote the water. Coyote had five withes which he was going to give to Fishtry."
and
Hawk. Eagle came bringing his five withes in Each had a place open in the ice; both went
the
air,
his hand.
far
up
in
then dived down.

ice;
ice,
Eagle struck the hole and went

struck
his
under the
fill
but he had caused Fish-Hawk's place to

that
with
so
Fish-Hawk
Coyote raised him up, nearly killed himself. just coming to his senses when Eagle came
head and and he was from under
the ice with five strings of salmon and other fish. Eagle went home and sang part of the night. The feathers he
wore
ers
1
for
to
ornament fell through the bed he told his brothhunt for them, then he gave the feathers to them.
;
diving
Texts,
This characteristic modesty of Eagle in laying no claim to great running or prowess, although he wins out in the sequel, is illustrated also in Wishram
p.
81
of this
volume, where Eagle claims to have no power
in
gambling,
yet defeats his opponents.
289
2.
Skunk was
heard
singing,
said,
living in Eagle's village; he heard Eagle his words. Next night Skunk sang, then
The "Brother-in-law, look and see what has fallen." brother-in-law lighted a fire, found a bundle of fish-bones,
and asked, "Are these your weapons?" and he threw them to his youngest brother. Eagle had heard what Skunk sang. As he was sitting outside next day, Skunk came along. Now Eagle was sorry for him, and, pulling out five of his tail-feathers, gave them to Skunk and said, "To-night you can sing and drop these." Skunk was He went home, and at dark began to sing. happy. Finally he said, "Brother-in-law, light the fire and look under the bed." One after another refused. At last they
threw out the
found
the
youngest brother;
he lighted a
fire
and
;
feathers.
Then
all
began
to fight for
them
the eldest brother got them, and the youngest cried. After this Eagle went hunting. He always brought
the
breast
His
Now
the
of the deer home, but threw the rest away. wife rubbed his neck, the load was so heavy. Skunk imitated Eagle; he killed a little fawn, ate
brought home the upper jaw, and made his He had heard that Eagle brought wife rub his neck. His the breast, and he mistook the jaw for the breast.
flesh,
opened the bundle and was disappointed; she didn't give him anything to eat, and would not let him sleep
wife
with her.
Next day Eagle met him, and said, "To-morrow go with me, and I'll drive deer to you." Eagle killed many deer, put the breasts aside, packed the carcasses up, and made the pack become small and very light; then he gave it to Skunk. When Skunk got home, he threw his bundle down outside, and asked his wife to rub his neck. She was very angry, and pushed him off. A voice from The old outside said, "The meat is being carried off."
1C)
II.
woman
to
sent the boys out to see. They said, "There is a great deal of fat meat here." Now she was very kind
her
husband, but
he drove her
time to bring the meat in, wife never refused again to rub his neck. The next time he saw Eagle, Eagle said, "You can always go hunting
with
took a long there was so much. His

off.
It
Skunk was now better had to give away. meat always

me."
2.
liked,
and
his
wife
EAGLE HAS TOBACCO-MAN AND WILLOW WRESTLE WITH ABU'MAT.

girl
There was a young Abu'mat 1

carried
rattles
in
at
The
Dalles
who
She could throw always It was agreed that whoever could throw her everybody. should have her. Coyote came and began to wrestle with her; she threw him in a flash. He tried time after time, and kept saying to her, "All the people say that Coyote ought to have you." As they wrestled, he would
her
hands.
whisper, "Let me try not throw you hard;
listen,
but continued
to'
Do now fall down. I'll do fall." The woman wouldn't throw him on his back every time.
again.
Coyote would jump up, run to the people, and say, "She says that after she has thrown you all, I shall be able to throw her. Make haste to wrestle with her."
day Eagle saw that the girl was throwing He didn't know what to do, he was afraid everybody. to wrestle with her himself. As he came down the creek, he saw a willow waving, swaying back and forth. He decided to pull up this willow, which had a long root. He pulled it out of the ground and caused it to be a man. Then he said, "I have made you a man to wrestle
fifth
The
with
1
that
girl.
Now
I'll
put
you
in
is
the water for five
Translated by Curtin as "a root;" the species
not known.
and you will be a strong man." The went for the young man, drew him out day Eagle of the water. The willow said, "I'll go to-day and try." "All Eagle said, right." They started off, and went along the side of a hill. Eagle said, "We ought to have more
days
nights,
sixth
and
company."
the
inside
it
of the
till
Thereupon he pulled out bowl, and held it

t
his
in
pipe,
his
scraped hand. He
worked
it
it
down on
the
got to be quite a long piece, then he put Soon it rose up a man, and ground.
stood at his
side.
He
called
till
him Ika'inkainus. 1
they
last
The
place,
three walked along
came
to a nice
is
sandy
when Eagle
;
said,
"Let us see who
strongest."
Willow threw Ika'inkainus he fell heavily to the ground and broke in pieces. Eagle asked, "Why did you throw your brother so hard?" Then he gathered up the pieces and rolled them between
They wrestled a long
time.
At
his
hands,
They
again Ika'inkainus was a living man. came to the wrestling-place, and found Coyote still
and
wrestling
with
the
girl,
teasing
her
to
fall.
He saw
Eagle and the two men coming, ran up to them, and "No," replied Eagle, "I said, "Come and wrestle."
have only come to look on." At last he agreed to try

kainus to
try.
his
men.
He
told Ika'in-
went on the
arose, took off his robe, stripped, and ground. They locked arms and struggled.
He
After a while she said, "You are making me sway." At last the ground "No, you are swaying yourself." began to move, and the woman said, "I am afraid you
will
throw
me."
Then she hurled him
in
the
air;
he
When the dust struck the ground, and broke in pieces. him. seen of could be cleared up, nothing Eagle picked in a them dust and the bundle, took all, bits, put up
Translated by Curtin meaning of the name.
1
as
"Tobacco-Man," but
this
can hardly be the
literal
292
them out of sight, worked them between his hands, and made them a living man again. He made this man to amuse the people. Willow began to wrestle with the He twisted her around, and at last broke some of girl. She said, "You will throw the outside roots of her body. me, and then you will be my husband." The fifth time
he twisted her, he broke every root that she had.
Coyote
Willow.
was very angry
at this,
The woman
rose
and wanted up, and went
to
make
war.
away
with
He said to Ika'inkainus, "You will Eagle went home. remain here and become a great spirit for future people.
Those who seek you
took Willow, put him where he turned him back into his old form.
girl
Eagle and Then Eagle and the went to the mountains, and Coyote was not able to
will
become medicine-men."
had found
him,
follow.
3.
EAGLE, A KLAMATH MAN, GOES TO THE COLUMBIA RlVER TO GAMBLE. 1
Eagle was a Klamath man, and he came to Columbia River on a sporting expedition, to gamble. At first he
won
He gambled with Crab, Crow, Hawk, and other Towards the end, luck Raven, many people. turned against him. Crab was called on to take part in
all
the games.
the game.
won and
off his
all
After that Eagle lost everything that he had that he had brought with him. He gambled
Then he
leg,
moccasins, arrows, everything. bet one arm, lost lost the other arm bet one He lost one whole lost; bet the other leg, lost.
;
buckskin dress, his
side
of his
body,
one eye,
one
ear,
all
of one half of
himself.
body.
1
Then he played and lost the His life was now in the hands of
same myth
is
other half of his those with
whom
Essentially the
found
in
Boas, Chinook Texts, pp. 35-36.
293
he gambled.
at
home
come
to
They cut off his head, and then his people discovered where he was and what had bejust of him.
two sons and they looked for guardian spirits get supernatural power to help them avenge their father. The younger brother received the strength of twenty-five grizzly bears, and the elder received the power of five double fires (five two abreast, ten in all). They started with these powers and hunted for their father's
tracks.
He had
After
five
years
them
to
The
Dalles.
they found them, and followed They stood on the hill overlooking
the village, saw their father's head stuck on a pole. They saw a house at one end of the village. "We will
go
They reached the house, where they found two old women. The young men asked, "Who is the chief of the village?" The old women said, "We must not tell you. If we mention his name, that moment he will sneeze and say, 'My name is mentioned in the
there,"
they said.
see
old house at the end of the village,' and he will send to who is here," but the brothers insisted. At last the
old
women
to instant
told
and sent
an
the
him, and that instant the chief sneezed house. The first messenger came. In
was burned from the power of the elder brother. Five came all were served in the same Then the chief sent and invited the young men to way. come and gamble with him. (And this is one of the
his
face
sayings of the Indians now, from this story.

sneezes, he says,
"Somebody is They played and won back all

to
life
a person 1 talking about me." )

If
their father's
body, and
brought him
stepping
to
1
by
putting the pieces together and
over them
five times.
fight with them.

Compare
The people now wanted They agreed. The brothers placed
Sapir, Religious Ideas of the Takelma Indians of Southwestern Oregon American of Folk-Lore, Vol. XX, p. 40). (Journal
294
the
five
double
fires
on one side of the
village,
twenty-five grizzly bears on the other side.
and the Not one per-
The son escaped; all were killed and burned to ashes. the went home. scattered sons and father grizzly They
bears
to
over
all
the
mountains.
When
well.
they came
home
Klamath, they lived happily and
4.
PANTHER AND WILDCAT FIGHT WITH THE
GRIZZLIES. 1
and Wildcat lived together about two miles and a half below The Dalles, in Oregon. Wildcat staid When Wildcat grew at home, kept house all the time. large enough to hunt, he killed rabbits with bow and arrow not far from home. One summer Panther brought in a buck shin-bone, hung it up, and said to Wildcat,
Panther
"No
late
matter
how hungry you may
be,
don't
eat that
shin-bone."
"All right," said Wildcat.
Panther was out
one day hunting. Wildcat was lying down hungry He took it at home, looked, and saw the shin-bone. struck it it one with across down, and, placing stave, The bone broke, the marrow flew out and another.
quenched the fire, and there was no more fire near. Wildcat looked, and saw a fire on the other side of Columbia River, but could not find a boat. Then he swam across and found a house, went in, and found two old
blind
sisters,
who had each
five large fire-brands
which
Wildcat took one of they kept counting over and over. them. She found only four, and accused her sister of Wildcat put back "Oh, no!" said the other. stealing.
the brand.
right,
and
in
She counted again, found the number All is said, "O sister! I was mistaken.
to
be
left
right."
Wildcat laughed.
Then he
tried
the
sister
on the
hand
1
the
same way, with the same

for a close
results.
Wildcat
Compare Kathlamet Texts, pp. 90-97,
cognate of this myth.
295
He went out and got some cedar, laughed to himself. and tied it up in bundles the same size as the fire-brands, set them afire, and substituted them. He took two firebrands,
bank,
tied
and, going up the river to a large stone at the them upright to his ears, so that they stood
ears,
up
like asses'
swam
of the
across,
and took them home.

;
when almost
way across, the ears got hot he could there, hardly stand it; and when he had reached the bank, he hurled the brands away and washed his ears. Then he picked up the fire again, and went home and made a new fire. On the instant
that
When
two-thirds
he
was
starting
the
fire,
Panther was drawing
his
arrow on a
deer,
the
bow
broke, and blood streamed.

;
Panther knew at once that something was wrong at home he thought Wildcat had been at work. He returned
home and
fire
asked,
out."
went
old
"What have you been doing?" "Where did you get it?"
across
the
river."
"The "From
attack
the
women
"They
will
1
us now," said Panther.
"Get our aksku'tcian."

it
Wildcat
very sharp; they cut a tree got it, with four blows, then three, then two, then one. Then,
and they sharpened

it,
by
showing
stripped,
a great
cottonwood-tree
fell.
Panther
painted himself yellow, red, and black. Panther had only his breechWildcat had the aksku'tcian. to was and fight with his hands. clout, going
now
Presently they heard the cry, "Hoig, hoig, hoig!" The ground trembled, a great storm was rising, hail and rain
then followed; this was the old Grizzly, who said, "Who He called out five times, "Who is has stolen our fire?" And every time he cried that has stolen our fire?" it
1
This word
is
ikcku'tcien
("adze"); perhaps
(see
in gender, as the Wishram evidently the same, though different it is to be read as aksklu'tsian, the diminutive form
of the
word
(ipu'koa, cognate
Wishram Texts, p. 162, line 13). In the Kathlamet myth, Lynx with Wasco ipkwa' ("wildcat") uses an instrument called e'qa-itk
(translated "adze").
296
would come heavier and heavier. Now old Grizzly came to the house, smashed one end of it in, and Panther and Grizzly clinched. Panther said to WildBear would "Brother, hit him with your weapon." cat,
out,
the
storm
say, "Here, what are you doing?" and Wildcat would get But Panther would afraid and run up the smoke-hole.
your weapon;" and Wildcat would come down again and be about to strike, when the Bear would call out to him gruffly, and he
say,
strike
"Come and
him
with
would run away again frightened.

"Strike,
my
strength
is
giving out."
At last Panther said, Then Wildcat struck

died,
and cut off the hind-legs of the Bear; he threw him out and covered him up.
and they
the second Grizzly came with a greater noise and And wherever the hail would hit Wilda heavier storm.
cat
Now
when he came
to the
is
door to look out,
it
would cut
all
right into him.
That
the reason his head
is
covered
with black spots. The second came striking the ground, in and pushed the end of the house and roared the while.
Now
was not frightened so much this time. hen the Bear came in and he was called on, he would come down. Panther and Bear began to fight. Then Panther called on Wildcat, and he came and cut off the Bear's hind-legs and threw him out. Now the third came with rain, hail, and wind. (The three Bears were as white as snow.) The earth shook with the storm he brought. had When the third They just got their house up again. Bear came and nearly threw it over, only the part was left where Wildcat was. Panther wrestled with the third and was thrown Then he called and Bear, nearly killed. on Wildcat, "Come, brother, I'm nearly gone." Wildcat cut off the Bear's hind-legs and killed him. The fourth Bear came with the like noise of thunder and with lightning, and the wind blew so that it carried
Wildcat
297
great rocks with it. and Wildcat waited
last
Panther was thrown four times now, and watched to be called on. At
killed."
screamed out, "Come down, I'm nearly Wildcat jumped down quickly, but the Bear roared out so terribly that it scared him, and he went back again.
Panther
three times. Each time the Bear would him and throw up dust and roar so, that he ran back. At last he got down and cut off Bear's hind-legs, and the Bear died. Now the fifth Bear came. The earth trembled as he came with thunder, lightning, hail, and rain, and he threw the house to the ground. Now the Bear began to fight with Panther, fought terribly. At last they went up into the air, fighting out of sight, and great pieces of flesh would fall, piece after piece. Panther was white, Bear rather dark. Now Wildcat built a fire and burned the flesh of Bear, but saved that of Panther. About sundown Wildcat saw them coming down little by little, still clinched in a death struggle, nothing but bones with the All the flesh and heart of each one hanging on to him.
He came down
turn on
intestines
Now as they came to the ground, were gone. Bear was at the bottom and Wildcat burned Bear's body and heart, and put Panther in the water. 1 Now five days and nights passed, and Wildcat was very
;
morning Panther called out, Wildcat sprang up quickly "Brother, are you awake?" He he was so glad that Panther was alive again. When built a fire without delay, and cooked for Panther. he had eaten, Panther moved the house and took the dead bodies of the five Bears, threw them across the river, and
lonesome.
the
sixth
On
turned them into great rocks.

1
These rocks are there
to
For a similar
this
fight
up
is
to
each other until each
between Eagle and Buzzard, who hold on mass of bones, compare Wishram Texts, but a nothing
in the air
pp. 89-93 of
volume; Panther and Owl, (Boas, Kathlamet Texts, pp. 138-141).
298
this day.
The
fifth
was burned.
great bears and the wolves. In early days the Indians rocks there is a hollow top.
the
(These rocks are called On each of these four
would send
that
their
till
children
to
sleep
on these, one night

all
on each rock,
they
rocks.)
they had slept on

receive
might
strength from the
the four, in order spirit of the
After Panther had done

rate here
this, he said, "We must sepaand take our second form. What help will you
be to people?" Wildcat said, "I shall and if any young man will obey me,
great
hunter."
;
live
I
will
near the river; make him a

the
Panther
said,
"I'll
Range and make him a
if
my word, any young man will and a hunter." warrior great great
go obey
to
Cascade
I
shall
5.
OLD MAN GRIZZLY-BEAR

In
DECEIVES THE FIVE BROTHERS. 1
La'daxat 3 lived
five brothers
who were known
far
and near. One evening about dark they heard the voice of an old man, who asked, "Have the young men of this
gone to bed? If they have not, I'll tell them something which has happened to day." The young men
village
"A great bear came answered, "We are all awake." on our island to-day," said the old man, "and I want you All the all to come and hunt that bear to-morrow."
young men were willing. Next day they went
first
out.
The
his
chief of the
village
stood on the very spot on the island where the bear had
been seen.
He had
all
feathers
on,
had
his
This myth corresponds fairly well to Kathlamet Texts, pp. 58-66, where a monster disguised as an elk takes the place of the grizzly bear of the Wasco myth. 2 La'daxat was a winter village of the Wishrams, situated on the Washington
1
side
of the
Memaloose
Island, in the winter.
Columbia about ten miles below The Dalles, a short distance above an Indian burial-ground. Many suckers were caught at La'daxa
299
shield
and
his quiver full of
arrows
he looked very
well.
The evening
before, the old man had given them arrowhad told the chief to use them and give them to points, his men. He did so. The people saw the bear, and
drove
it
towards the
chief,
who was
bear,
the eldest of the five
brothers.
He
shot
at
the
but the arrow did not
and the bear devoured the chief. All the people went home, left the bear on the island. The brothers sweated five days and nights, for that was the custom if a relative died. Then they were ready for another attack on the bear. The fifth night the voice of the old man cried out and asked, "Are the young
penetrate,
men ready
one
points
to hunt the great bear again? still whiter has been seen on the island to-day. Have they arrow-
enough?" Now this voice was the voice of the bear himself, who was deceiving the people, and great
the
first
arrow-points
old
looked
so.
like arrow-points; the great
were the points of fern-leaves that bear made them look
another bundle of arrow-points. He was very old, and as he gave them he cried. These second points were made of the leaves of the wild grape,
The
man brought
and had been turned into points by the bear. The people were mourning more and more. All kinds of birds came and received arrow-points, and were helping the brothers. All The second brother stood on the trail, shot at the bear.
the
He shot; the bear fell drove up the bear. and pretended to be dead. As the brother went towards him, he sprang up and swallowed him.
others
They sweated
five
days for the second brother.

It
it
Then
the old man's voice was heard.

to be drowned in last, choked with
was low, and seemed
trembled with sorrow, and at tears, tears, he cried so loud that the whole He brought a great bundle of arrowvillage heard him. them down and wept. points to the three chiefs, poured
300
This time the points were made of dried grape-leaves. The people were rejoiced to get them, they seemed so
beautiful
and sharp. went out the third day. They

though
all
killed,
the birds of the
The third air came to
chief
assist
was
him,
fell
and
over.
all shot at the bear.
The
chief shot at him, he
went up and pushed him with his bow; the bear sprang up and devoured him. Again they sweated for five days and nights. The voice of the old man was heard on the fifth night; it seemed weaker and Another bear had been seen. The old man sadder. brought another bundle of arrow-points, and he cried all the time. They were long, sharp, and beautiful, they were
chief
The
made
was was
of willow-leaves turned yellow. killed as the third had been.
The
fourth brother
Only the youngest
left.
He was going around days and nights. mourning for his brothers, when he came upon the legbone of a meadow-lark. He couldn't step over it or
sweated
five
He
and broke it. Then Meadow-Lark appeared to him, and told him that the bears did not come to the island, that it was their home, that the arrow-points were nothing but leaves, and that the old man who brought them was himself one of the bears. "Go to your grandfathers way over on that she pointed southward, -- "they will give you mountain," And when you arrow-points there that are real points. to a on where the go fight, put stump place your brothers were killed. Put feathers on it as on a man, then stand on it, and when the bear rushes up, shoot him."
crawl
it,
under
finally
he slipped on
it
The young man went

rattlesnakes
1
to the mountain,
and from the
received
their
teeth
stick
made
this
into arrow-points.
to let a person pass
For advice given by a bone or

broken,
cf.
which refuses
and
is
finally
Wishram Texts,
p.
169 of
volume.
301
He came home and gave them to his men. Now the old man called out again, and asked if they had arrow-points. They said, "We have none." He brought a bundle and
gave them
to
them
they were
made
of cottonwood-leaves.
The
he
old
man
the
cried bitterly as he
gave them.
into the
As soon
as
left, fire, and they burned up. Sure enough, they were nothing but leaves. Next day all went out, drove the bear as before. All the birds screamed and whooped and shot at the bear. This time he felt every arrow, for the points were made
young man threw them
His nose and eyes puffed He drank up, and he went into the water and lay down. much water; a fish with long sharp fins behind his head
of the
teeth
of rattlesnakes.
came
and was swallowed, and he cut through the The bear came out of the water, and bear's stomach. at him, and each said, "I've hit him, shot birds the again
there
I've
I
hit
him."
Razor-Snake
feet."
said,
"I
a
l
am
doing the best

best.
I
can under his
jumped on
the
his foot
Frog said, and frightened him."
have done
At
and
this
moment
bear,
young
chief, the fifth brother, shot
killed him.
All the the
people came together around the dead

the
chief at
head.
He
said,
"Give
five
whoops!"
white part
They
did so and then skinned the bear.
The
of the skin the chief took, and also the front claws. Then small bird, the people took the meat and went home.
the
smallest of
all,
found a drop of the bear's blood on

his share.
a leaf; he took that for

a shoulder to
the
old
five
The
chief said,
"Take
it."
man
Grizzly Bear."
There were
"I'll
of these bear brothers.
Bluejay said,
take
He threw it over his shoulder and went to the house of the five brothers. They were crying. Bluejay pushed the door open and said, "Here, old man, take this," and
he threw the shoulder
in.
They
said,
"Oh, our house
smokes
terribly.
We
can scarcely see."
302
FIVE STARS VISIT THE EARTH. 1
6.
One
up
that
night, after going to bed, five girls were looking The eldest said, "I should like to have at five stars.
star
for
husband,"
picking
out
the
largest.
"I
should like to have that one," said the second, pointing "And I that one," said a third, till out a smaller one.
the
youngest
to
said,
"I
should
,
like
it
to
have
that
one,"
pointing scarcely visible. As it. girls the night before, but they did not know they talked, the youngest said, "Mine is the prettiest, it
is
the smallest one
was so small as to be These same five stars had visited the
so
dim and
small."
The
girls fell asleep,
talking of
the stars.
That night all five stars came down. This was when In the stars were people and could go anywhere. morning the stars arose and left the girls. The one who looked smallest was in reality the largest and heaviest of them all. When his brothers arose and left, he could he had become so weary with coming and not go
the
going night after night. In the morning, when the girls woke up, they found the old gray-headed man lying by
When she saw the old man by her youngest girl. she did not want side, she jumped up and ran away such an old man for a husband.
the
;
When
being
staying
the people found out, because of the old man's left behind, that the stars were coming down and
nights
with
the
girls,
the stars said,
"We
man
shall
said,
to
is
is
never go to the earth any more;" and the old
1 Compare Riggs, Dakota Grammar, Texts, and Ethnography (Contributions North American Ethnology, Vol. IX, p. 90). The Wasco myth, as here given, It evidently a mere fragment of a fuller myth that filtered in from the east.
known from
Sagen, p.
from southern Vancouver Island (Boas, Indianische 62) and southern Alaska (Boas, Traditions of the Ts'fits'a'ut, Journ. Am.
Pacific
the
coast
Folk-Lore, Vol. X, p. 39).
303
a
It
shall
be
this
way
an old
man
the
marries a young
with the people to come. Whenever she will not like him, girl,
and
will
himself into a bright, white, flint rock, very large, thick, and round; and the place where he lay was by the river, a great gatheringplace for
star.
all
Now
run away." old star
And man
so
it
has been ever since.
turned
tribes
who
lived near.
of
the
Once, when the tribe star were camping away
Every one knew this that lived around the place

in
the
summer,
their
enemies came and threw the stone into the river. The people who lived around the star were on the right bank of Columbia River. When they returned and found the
star
rock destroyed,
the
they
crossed the
It
cup. 1 is the small. cup large; the tribe that possessed it lost the
destroyed
Wasco
now
river and almost was once very deep and After this star was lost,
name
of Star tribe,
and became very common people.
7.
THE ASCENT TO THE SKY AND RETURN TO EARTH. S
There was once a boy who was told by his mother But this made him never to shoot high up in the air. His arrow wish to shoot up, and at last he did shoot. stuck in the sky; then, in trying to shoot it down, he hit that arrow in the end, shot again and hit the second
in
the
was
end, and so he kept shooting till his last arrow He stood and thought a while, then near the ground.
on the arrows, and went the other side of He looked around and saw tracks everywhere the sky. "I'll follow this road," thought he, and and a nice road.
climbed up
went on.
For the Wasco cup see note on p. 240. Wishram Texts, pp. iyi-173 of this Compare Kathlamet Texts, pp. 11-19 5 Kathlamet-Wishram of the first myth is given by Curtin as a The part volume.
1
separate
myth
(see pp. 276-279).
304
he saw a crowd of persons rolling along. He called out to them and asked, "What are you doing "We are going into the there, where are you going?"
At
last
These people were Nits, He went farther, saw a of crowd people coming, and asked, "Where are great "Oh, we are going below to eat the you going?" These were Body-Lice. Soon after blood of people." he met a crowd of red people, and asked, "Where are
"Below, to eat the blood of people." you going?" Flea were "W hat are you carrying on These people. Soon "Oh, those are our humps." your backs?" He asked, another crowd appeared, each with a pack.
T
heads of Indians down below." all old white-headed people.
"What "Down below." you going?" "We have you got in your bundles? I am hungry." eat." to have nothing "Well, open your bundles; let me see." One put down his bundle; the boy opened it. That moment everything was filled with darkness; the boy begged them to tie up the bundle. They did so, and there was light again. These were Ground-Squirrel They people, and there was a vast number of them. said to the boy, "The people below have nothing but When we get there, one of us will open his light now. while it lasts it will be dark. and Then light bundle, and when we are tired of light, another of us will come will open his bundle, and there will be darkness." They
"Where
are
;
passed on.
Soon he saw a man coming with an arrow through
As he passed the boy, he fell dead. Straightbody. way another man came along with his hair tied up on his head; he had a bow and arrows in a quiver on his
his
back.
"Have you passed
arrow through his body?" "and he fell a short distance behind you."
man," asked he, "with an "Yes," answered the boy,
"You
are
305
my my
It
son-in-law," said the
man.
do,
"Go
in."
on, you will
come
to
his
it.
house.
When you
go
The boy went on

an arrow through
way, saw a
mountain-sheep
with
Soon a man came up with just passed and fell dead. an arrow and asked, "Did you see a sheep?" "Yes, it fell a little way from here." The man said, "You are
my
son-in-law."
to
The boy
say.
did
not
said,
answer; he
did
not
know what
rOad, you
The man
to
will
see a great
"As you travel this many feathers and much paint.

house."
Keep
on, you'll
come
my
After a time the boy came to a house. It shone very but near was a black house, black smoke brightly, by
He opened the door of the bright coming out of it. house and went in. Everything shone in the house. They cooked huckleberry-roots and other food for him. He saw a young woman sitting there, and his heart failed she was so beautiful. Now the people from the him, black house came over and tried to steal him they surrounded the place, but they could not get in, and he would not go outside. At last the people hid him in the This was Sun's house; the girl was the Firsthouse. Blush-of- Morning, and she was bright and beautiful. The boy had her for his wife. The man who was following the mountain-sheep was old Sun himself; he was on a The first person, who was after the man who journey. was shot through, was Death. His people lived in the black house and tried to get the boy. After a time First-Blush-of-Morning bore two children
;
which
heads."
were fastened together,
said to his wife,
"We
will
go
The young man boys. to the river and wash our
After they had washed their heads, she sat down, and he put his head in her lap. As he lay there, he scratched on the ground and made a little hole. Through
this
20
hole
he looked down
II.
to the
world below, and saw
306
his
mourning, going from the spring to the house. "I am your brother, Bluejay ran up to her and said, He would run against her and almost I've come to life."
sister
push her over, for she was nearly blind from mourning. The men All the people of the place were mourning. were coming home with bundles of bones they had been everywhere hunting for his bones, and had collected many The young man cried at what he saw. of all kinds.
;
Then he
up and went home with his wife. He lay on the bed five days and nights. They did not know what the trouble was. Old Sun asked his daughter if she had abused him. She said, "No." Then he said, "He must have seen his Let us take him back." Sun's wife old home below. told her daughter to get some of old woman Spider's She got the rope and a bascords to make a basket. him told ket. they were getting ready to send They him home. His boys were already well grown. They brought him food of all kinds, all kinds of berries that
rose
are picked on trees above, all kinds of vegetables that the ground above produced; at that time there was no
fruit
When all was ready, they or vegetables here below. went to the hole that the young man had made by pulling up grass by the roots and scratching the ground.
They lowered
boys,
the basket through the hole with the father,

in
it.
Old woman Spider came, and they spliced the rope whenever it was giving out. They lowered it gradually till it came to the ground on a hill half a mile above the Wasco spring. (To this day the There place can be seen where the basket came down.
and mother
is
a hollow or basin
in
the
hill.)
The man got

just
out of the basket and ran to the house

started
for the
as
his
sister
spring.
said,
Bluejay
came
broth-
up,
snatched
her
bucket,
and
"I'm
your
307
er."
The man now came

"I
to her.
He
took hold of her
hand and
have come. Tell our father and mother said, to clean out the house five times and burn sweet stuff five times. Then we shall come." His sister said, "Our mother is blind." He went to the house, drew one of his own hairs across her eyes, and immediately she could see as well as ever. They cleaned the house five times, and the fifth day the brother came with his wife and two boys. They had a feast and gave many presents. The boys were running around. Now Bluejay had his tomahawk ready to cut the boys in two, for he knew they were the grandchildren of Sun he thought that it would be well to spread them out, not to have both in one place. All were astonished to see two children, so fastened together, run and step as one and shoot as one.
;
Crowds of people came from every place
to see them.
The
day boys ran outside, Bluejay was ready. He hit the boys and made two of them this killed both of the boys. The woman saw this, ran, caught her boys,
fifth
the
go back to my father Sun and take both of my boys with me, one on each side. Every time there is war in any place, I'll show myself with my sons on When there is no war, I'll appear witheach side of me. The woman had given the relatives of out my sons." her husband, who were Ants and Yellow-Jackets, many robes, skins and ornaments, fruit and vegetables. gifts, All these disappeared when the woman went away. The
and
said,
"I'll
-
people tied them around their waists with strong strings but they pulled away, almost cut the people in two. This is why those people have such small waists now. The woman became the sun in heaven, and her sons are the
;
shadows sometimes seen.

before
this.
There was no sun on earth
3 o8
8.
Two BROTHERS
BECOME SUN AND MooN. 1
and her two children lived below The Dalles. An old man lived some distance from them. One night the elder boy, who was about four years old, began to The mother brought him everything there was in cry.
A woman
At last she concluded to send the house, but still he cried. him to the old man, whom she called grandfather. She
said to the
boy,
"He
will
tell
you
stories;
go
to him."
The boy jumped up and ran
off to the old
man's house.
"I
The
old
the old you to there was a and water "Once he and said, man, spring, 2 flowed from it, and grass grew around it, tawna, tawna." "No, "Oh," said the child, "that is very short."
-
man asked, "What do you want?" The boy lay down by tell me stories."
want
that's
The boy was It's long enough." a good story. His mother said, "He must have angry and ran home. short "He only said there was a told you a story."
and grass grew around it; The woman was then he said 'tawna, tawna,' right away."
spring,
and water ran from
it,
provoked because the old man did not tell the boy a She went over and long story and keep him quiet. He said, "I thought that was enough to scolded him. and that that was all that was wanted." quiet him, The boy cried again. She sent him again, and the
old
1
man
told
the
same kind of a
story.
The woman
There are no published Chinookan cognates of this myth. That it is not Chinookan in origin is further made probable by the fact that Sun and Moon are here male characters, whereas the Wasco words for "sun" and "moon" are both femiContrast Wishram Texts, p. 47 of this volume, where Sun is a nine in gender.
female character.
the
The
people
tale
animals
or
who become
evidently belongs to the group of myths accounting for substitutes for the sun which does not behave
See, for instances, Boas, Sagen der Kootenay (Verh. Berliner Ges. fiir Anthr., 1891, p. 164); Eine Sonnensage der Tsimschian (ibid., 1908, p. 776). 2 "Tawna, tawna," is evidently a customary conventional ending, to show that
properly.
the story
k'.one
is
finished.
Cf. k'.aniklanl'
p.
(Wishram Texts,
p.
130, line 28) and k!one'-
(Chinook Texts,
no,
line 9).
39
scolded him for not telling longer stories. This happened five times. Then the woman was very angry with the old man, and determined to move away, and she moved
some distance. This woman's younger boy talked like an when not more than a year old. He would
off to
old
tell
man
about
many things which had a very large stomach.

it
been and would be.
He had
with
bell.
When the elder boy punched sounded hand, strangely, something like a The elder boy was stupid, did nothing but cry and
his
it
laugh.
mother told him to take the little boy out and play with him on the sand. He snatched the child by the hair and dragged him out and around on the ground he could not walk yet. The father of the younger boy was Spider. The woman had left the father before the child was born, but He the boy was constantly talking about his father. would say, "My father is following us; he has gone up on a rock, and is looking for our fire he has crossed This made the woman very angry; she would the river." shake the child, but right away again he would be talkHe seemed to see him and to ing about his father.
the
;
;
One morning
know all he was doing. The elder boy dragged

in
his little brother
around
is
the
sand and
dirt,
nearly killed him.
all day Next morning
when
kill
the child
woke
up, he said,
"My
father
going to
under a
himself because he cannot find us, he will heat rocks tree, then he will climb the tree and fall on to
-
the rocks."
"Oali, oali," the child
would
sing,
his
he went on day and night.

in
He
would rouse
and so mother
"People over there are doing so and so," and he would sing, "Oali, oali;" he would roll over against his brother, and the brother would kick him
the
night
and
say,
back, but the child did not cry he seldom cried. Again he would say, "I see a man hugging a woman over He looked everywhere, and saw everything that there."
;
was going on in the world, and kept telling what he saw His mother and brother did not like him. night and day. One day the mother told the elder brother to take the younger one out doors and step on his stomach, saying, "Then all of that big stomach will go off, and he will be like you." The boy took the child out, put him on his back, and stamped on his stomach. Immediately snakes, frogs, lizards, and everything of the reptile kind, came Then he got up and went out of the boy and ran off. into the house with his brother, and stopped singing, "Oali,
oali
;"
he never sang
told
The mother
again. the boys to
it
make bows and
arrows,
saying, Til give you five quivers, and you can fill them. I'll trim robes for you with shells, then I'll tell you what to do." The boys made the arrows. She trimmed them beautiful robes, then said, "I want to send you to kill Sun." In those days Sun never moved out of his tracks, always stood directly overhead, and no living being could so great was the heat. go far and live The mother said, "When you kill Sun, you can stay up there. One of you can be Sun, the other Moon." The boys were delighted. They started off and travelled south. When they got a little east of where Primeville
now
up.
is,
they wrestled with each other.

at that spot a great
thrown, and
many
Spider boy got camas-rodts came
which they came, they told the where people they were going-, and all were glad, for all were tired of Sun and his terrible heat. Finally the boys
village to
At every
turned and travelled east, by the heat.
till
they were nearly overcome
At
last
they
came
to a place from which, looking to
the
they could see a great ball of shining- fire they looked to the right, and there was a second ball of shinleft,
;
ing
to
fire.
They had gone up
in
the
air,
and had come
Moon's house; it was on the left side of Sun's house, far away. Old Moon and his daughter lived there. Moon's daughter was very lame. She waited on the boys, brought them fruit of all kinds, huckleberries, and other The boys were amused as they saw her walk. things. Moon's house was full of light, bright and dazzling. The boys ate, and then went out and came as near Sun's It was so house as they could. bright and hot that they couldn't get very near. They took their arrows and beold to shoot at With Sun, who sat in his house. gan their last arrow they killed the old man. Immediately there was no more strong light. They pulled out their arrows and said, "We cannot both be Sun, we must kill Moon." They killed Moon. Then they argued as to be Sun. The elder said, "I will. I am should which You can be Moon and take his older than you are.
not
daughter." Now the
brother agreed to this. were very anxious to know below people where the two boys were who had travelled to the east. As the heat grew less and less, they said, "It must be The mother knew that the boys have done as they said." that they had been able to accomplish all they wished for.
The younger
Now
they went through the sky, and
Moon
followed Sun.
9.
1 SINGING AND DANCING FESTIVAL.
Five brothers lived at the foot of Mount Hood on its The eldest said, "Let us sing, brothers, and south side.
i This dance-festival myth corresponds, in a general way, to Wishram Texts, The dance referred to is perhaps to be compared with the pp. 95-99 of this volume. Nez Perce Guardian-Spirit dance recently described by Spinden (see The Nez Perce Vol. II, pp. 262-264). Indians, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association,
312
enlarge
large
our
house."
They sang
till
they
had a very
they got
1
house with five fireplaces Black-Fox to carry the news of their singing
in
it.
Now
festival
to
different villages, far
and near.
used
the
The
to
eldest brother said,
"Bring a large log of

five
fir-bark."
(They
burn bark.
They put
top,
wood on
fire,
and put bark on

brothers,
five
and the wood was

brothers,
called "husband of the bark.")

five
Now
Panther brothers,
Wolf
Wildcat
brothers
The Panther and five Fox brothers came. were taken to where the eldest brother had his bed, the other people were at the different fireplaces. There was one Elk to each fireplace; the eldest Elk had the first fireplace, and the youngest the fifth. At midnight the eldest Elk began to sing, then he arose, came to the fire, and said to the eldest Panther, "Get on my back." Now all the people were singing. Panther Elk stepped astride of the fire, it blazed got on his back. on each side of him. The fire burned terribly, but up Panther thought he could endure it if Elk could. Elk sang five songs and stopped five times before he stepped out of the fire. Then he said to Panther, "You have a You are hereafter my brother, and are strong heart. worthy to be a great hunter." The second Elk sang, took one of the Wolf brothers, and stood over the fire. Both were burned, but he sang
five
songs and stopped
five times.
Then he
said,
"You
my brother, and worthy to be a warrior." The third Elk sang and took the eldest Wolf on his back. He endured the fire; and Elk said, "You are a brave man, and shall be a great hunter." Elk was trying them to let them know what hardships they had to go through to be great hunters. The fourth Elk took Marten on
are
1
as singers
Compare Wishram Texts, far excellence among
p.
17 of this volume, for the idea of deer or elks
the animals.
his back, told
Fox.
him the same. The fifth Elk took BlackBlack-Fox was burning, he twisted and squirmed,
but he held on.
Morning came; they ate and then slept during the day. night they sang, and the eldest Elk put the second Panther on his back-, each Elk put the second brother on his back, but they said nothing to them about being great hunters, for the eldest brothers had stood the test. The third night they took the third brother, and the fourth night the fourth brother. The Elk was burned
The second
almost black now. 1
The
nicely
fifth
night Coyote
came
in;
he was dressed very
buckskin trimmed with porcupine-quills, his hair was hanging down below his knees. He opened the door
in
and entered. Black-Fox took him by the hand and led him to the fire-, he was going up to the eldest brother's fire. Fox whispered to him and said, "When they sing,
don't you get on their backs. You see how we are burned and don't you sing." Along in the evening the eldest
;
stranger is in our house to-night, and we expect him to sing; that is the rule of old times." Coyote was afraid, but he said, "All right." Coyote went away from the fire, took a club, began to beat time and sing and
Elk
said,
"A
he used words, for he passed He sang, "I come, I come all the way." 2 He walked up and down the house several times, and at last said, "Whom shall I carry on my back?" The eldest Elk said,
himself off for a
carry me," and he put his arms around Elk's legs hung down, and he tried to Coyote's "I don't dance pull Coyote over the fire; but Coyote said, Still Elk pulled him over the fire as you people do."
Nez Perce.
"Well,
brother,
neck.
in
The idea of an increase in heat with the advance of the song is found also Wishram Texts, pp. 129-131 of this volume. 2 See Spinden, The Nez Perce Indians (Memoirs American Anthropological
1
Association, Vol.
II,
p. 263).
3H
Coyote kept saying, "The custom of my country At last he stopped singis not to dance over the fire." and sat is the custom of old for "It down, saying, ing
towards
it.
the
one who
is
carried
to
sing
after
the
carrier stops
singing."
Elk began to sing and wanted to carry Coyote he could not refuse. He threw off his robe and got on This was the fifth and last night. Elk's back. Elk sang three times away from the fire. It blazed high and burned
;
Coyote,
who
said,
"This
is
not
the
way our
fathers
danced ," but Elk paid no heed, and Coyote was burned up. Next morning the sun rose, and the eldest Elk talked
a
long time to
for
the
people, told
them what they would
Coyote lay outside dead. After all had gone away, Coyote came to life and wondered how he came outside. He thought that perhaps they had made such a noise, that he came outside to Then he looked at the blisters on his hands, and sleep.
the
do
people to
come.
remembered how he had
died.
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American Ethnological Society Edited by FRANZ BOAS

WASCO TALES AND MYTHS,

by JEREMIAH CURTIN and edited by

LATE E. J. BRILL PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS

What Coyote The Origin

of Fish in the Columbia

Story concerning Coyote

Coyote and Antelope

Coyote's People sing Coyote enslaves the West

The East Wind and

Eagle and Weasel

Marriage Childhood Death

Erection of Stagings at Cascades Right to Fish-Catches

Training for Strength at Cascades Winter Bathing

Rainbow and Moon Signs

Woman to her Man regarding

Version of Same Letter

regarding the Death of his Son

IV. Non-Mythical Narratives

Quarrel of the Wishram Personal Narrative of the Paiute

Prophecy of the Coming of the Whites

Upper Chinookan Texts

WASCO TALES AND MYTHS.

protected by Itcli'xyan's Daughter.

274 274 276

Panther and Wildcat

fight with the Grizzlies

Brothers become Sun and

294 298 302 303 308

Singing and Dancing Festival

tained, for the

half-breed interpreter, Pete

Yakima Reservation was undertaken under

Chief of the Bureau.

dialects, the minority

(Wishram, more properly Wi'cxam,

speak that dialect of

this estimate including those

of the linguistic material obtained in the

himself was the narrator of most of the remainder

texts already referred to as having

McGufT may not be out of

the Indians about

yet, despite this,

he proved to his keen

Chinook jargon; but

wheat and hay,

frame house, white man's

Judging by the conto all intents and pur-

with the Cascades Indians on

Louis Simpson has man's rationalism, he

and writes English

of the texts into the heads of Myths,

Non-Mythical Narratives, and Suppleself-explanatory,

mentary Upper Chinookan Texts,

regard to the Wishram language

sentence, to the Indian original.

of which this volume

533-542). Chinook. For

KEY TO THE PHONETIC SYSTEM EMPLOYED.

heard as voiced velar spirant (Arabic ghairi) after vowels.

ach, but pro-