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presented by
Muhsin Hendricks
Islamic Scholar
University of Islamic Studies (Jamiah Dirasat al-Islamia
1990-1994
Karachi - Pakistan
The Inner
Circle
Definition of
Homosexuality
Anal sex (act)
Unnatural sex (act)
Psychological problem (poor parenting /
dominant mother / child molestation /
environmental)
Lack of morality
Influenced by Western thinking
Attraction towards the same sex
Orthodox Muslim
Thinking
On Sexual Diversity & Homosexuality
“Homosexuality is a
‘reversal of the natural
order, a corruption of
man’s sexuality and a
crime against
females’.”
The council of Muslim Theologians, the Jamiatul Ulama of
Transvaal and KwaZulu Natal - Sunday Times, 30 June 2002, p.1
““Sheikh Achmat Sedick,
a spokesman for the
Muslim Judicial council
(MJC), said that Islam
regarded the gay and
lesbian community as
misguided people and
“perverts”.”
Sunday Times, 30 June 2002, p.1
“Homosexuality is a moral
disorder. It is a moral disease,
a sin and corruption… No
person is born homosexual,
just like no one is born a thief,
a liar or a murderer. People
acquire these evil habits due
to a lack of proper guidance
and education.”
artifacts discovered
depicting same sex couples
2000 to 2950 BC B .C
00
30
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/s/so/sodom_and_gomorrah.htm
To quote the Greek historian Herodotus:
"The worst Babylonian custom is that which compels every woman
of the land once in her life to sit in the temple of love and have...
intercourse with some stranger... the men pass and make their
choice“
In ancient Mesopotamia, Ishtar was the primary Goddess of life,
men and women, nature and fertility, sex, sexual power and birth.
Ishtar was also the goddess of war and weapons and any victory
was celebrated in her temples with offerings of produce and money
as well as through a feast and orgy of sex and fornication with holy
temple prostitutes.
Quran 27:54 (We also sent) Lut (as an apostle): behold, He said to his people, "Do
you do what is shameful though ye see (publically)?
http://en.wikipedia.org
Enormous Cemeteries, indicating size
of population.
http://english.sdaglobal.org/evangelism/arch/sodom.htm
Carving out houses and palaces in
mountains was also common and inherited
by the ‘Ad nation who came before them.
7:74 "And remember how He made you
inheritors after the 'Ad people and gave you
habitations in the land: you build for
yourselves palaces and castles in (open)
plains, and cave out homes in the
mountains; so bring to remembrance the
benefits (ye have received) from Allah, and
refrain from evil and mischief on the earth."
Some of the remains of the city, which had slipped into the lake, were found on
the banks of the lake. These remains showed that the people of Lut had quite a
Summary
• Homosexuality was practiced before Sodom & Gomorrah in Mesopotamia,
hence the sexual atrocity committed by the inmates of Sodom & Gomorrah
was not homosexuality according to the Quran.
----------
• A gas leek in the earth, due to excavations, fused with the fires and caused
an explosion. These fires were spread by a fierce tornado as mentioned in
Quran. This natural disaster refutes the biblical idea that God sent fire and
brimstone from the sky.
• Because of the exceptionally high syphilis rate amongst both males and
females, it indicates a sexually permissive society across the sexes. This
refutes the idea that Sodom & Gomorrah were only indulging in homosexual
acts. Also temple prostitution which involves females was a common
practice. Their sexual activity was also shamelessly public and open.
• They were wealthy, prosperous and skilled people.
An was the Sumerian god of the sky.
Marduk was the principal god of
Babylon.
Gula or Shamash was the sun god.
Ishtar was the goddess of love and
of war.
Enlil was the most powerful god in
Mesopotamian religion. His wife was
Ninlil, and his children were Inanna,
Iškur, Nanna-Suen, Nergal, Ninurta,
Pabilsag, Nushu, Utu, Uraš Zababa
and Ennugi.
Nabu was the Mesopotamian god of
writing.
Iškur (or Adad) was the god of
storms.
Ninurta was the Sumerian god of
war
Inanna, the Sumerian goddess of
love and war, was also the wife of
Ninurta.
Pazuzu, also known as Zu, was an
26:160 The people of Lut rejected the apostles. evil god,
26:161 Behold, their brother Lut said to them: "Will ye not
fear ((Allah))?
A ziggurat that stands amidst the
ashen ruins in Gomorrah?
www.atlastours.net/jordan/the_patriarchs.html
Summary
• Homosexuality was practiced before Sodom & Gomorrah in Mesopotamia,
hence the sexual atrocity committed by the inmates of Sodom & Gomorrah
was not homosexuality according to the Quran.
• A gas leek in the earth, due to excavations, fused with the fires and caused
an explosion. These fires were spread by a fierce tornado. This natural
disaster refutes the biblical idea that God sent fire and brimstone from the
sky.
• Because of the exceptionally high syphilis rate amongst both males and
females, it indicates a sexually permissive society across the sexes. This
refutes the idea that Sodom & Gomorrah were only indulging in homosexual
acts. Also temple prostitution which involves females was a common
practice. Their sexual activity was also shamelessly public and open.
• They were wealthy, prosperous and skilled people.
----------
• They rejected the message of Lot which was the belief in One God.
Ezekiel16:49-50: Now this was the sin of Sodom:
She and her daughters were arrogant, overfed and
unconcerned; they did not help the poor and
needy. They were haughty and did detestable
things before Me. Therefore I did away with them
as you have seen.
A rabbinic tradition, described in the Mishnah, postulates that the sin of Sodom
was related to property: Sodomites believed that "what is mine is mine, and what
is yours is yours" (Abot), which is interpreted as a lack of compassion.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah
Talmud on Sodom
The Babylonian Talmud (Sanhedrin 109a)
provides a number of examples of what the
crimes of Sodom were. Their sins had to do
with cruelty and greed.
The men of Sodom waxed haughty only on account of the good which the
Holy One, blessed be He, had lavished upon them...They said: Since there
cometh forth bread out of (our) earth, and it hath the dust of gold, why
should we suffer the wayfarers, who come to us only to deplete our wealth.
Come, let us abolish the practice of traveling in our land.
There were four judges in Sodom named Shakrai (Liar), Shakurai (Awful
Liar), Zayyafi (Forger), and Mazle Dina (Perverter of Justice). Now if a man
assaulted his neighbour's wife and bruised her, they would say to the
husband, Give her to him, that she may become pregnant for thee. If one cut
off the ear of his neighbour's ass, they would order, Give it to him until it
grows again.
Midrash on Sodom
The Midrash compilation "Pirke de Rabbi
Eliezer" offers a number of reasons why the
Sodomites were considered evil.
Quran 29:29 "Do ye indeed approach men, and cut off the
highway?- and practice wickedness (even) in your councils?"
“Must you approach the males of all keeping yourselves aloof from what your Sustainer has created for you from your
creation, spouses? Nay, but you are people who transgress all bounds of what is right!”
Will you approach the men in lust with the exclusion of women? Nay,
you are an ignorant people.
ْ
لَ جاَ ِن الّر َ م لَتَأتُو ْ ُ إِنَّك
ن
ِ من دُو ِّ ً ش ْهوَة َ
َ
ٌ ْم قَو
م ْ ُ ل أنت ْ َ ساء ب َ ِّ الن
َ سرِفُو
ن ْ مُّ
7:81
See next slide for explanation
Hans Wehr
A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
Edited by J. Milton Cowan
According to
Edward William Lane's Arabic-English
Lexicon (Dictionary)
ن
ِ من دُو
ِّ means “without”
Group Exercise 3:
Give your group’s informed translation of 7:81
Compare the difference in meaning if any
Hans Wehr
A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
Edited by J. Milton Cowan
ن
ِ حوُ ض َ تَف
15:68
شاكلت way, manner, mode, kind, sort, fashion - Hans Wehr Dictionary
بسم الله الرحمن
الرحيم
• Aged women
• Infertile women
د
ُ ع
ِ وا َ ْ ال
َ ق - inactive, disabled, invalid – Hans Wehr
Death to homosexuals
Most Islamic scholars believe that homosexuals must be
put to death – based on Hadith ignoring the Quranic
injunction:
Rumi was born (September 30, 1207) in Balkh, now part of Afghanistan
Even the Quran (7th Century poetical masterpiece) does not fall short of this:
ُ ُ َ َ َّ
ن ْ
ٌ مكنُوَ ٌ ْ
ّ م لؤلؤ ْ ه َ
ُ ّ م كأن ُ نل
ْ ه َ ْ غل
ٌ ما ِ م
ْ ه
ِ ْ يَ عل
َ ف
ُ وُويَط
َ
Round about them will serve, (devoted) to them. 52:24Handsome young boys
as Pearls well-guarded.
(Qur’an 52:24; 56:17; 76:19)
“gay men” in Medina
Muslim, Collection of Authentic Traditions, Book of Greetings,
Chapter 912
Umm Salama reported that she had a
( 5415)
‘mukhannath’ as a slave in her house. Allah's
Messenger (pbuh) was once in the house that he
(mukhannath) said to the brother of Umm
Salama: 'Abdullah b. Abu Umayya, if Allah grants
you victory in Ta'if on the next day, I will show
you the daughter of Ghailan, she has four folds on
the front side of her stomach and eight folds on
the back. Allah's Messenger (pbuh) heard this and
he said: Such should not visit you.
For more reading on the “Mukhannathun” refer to “Effeminates of early Medina” by Everett Rowson
(5416) 'A'isha reported that a mukhannath used to come to the
wives of Allah's Apostle (pbuh) and they did not find anything
objectionable in his visit, considering him to be a male without
any sexual desire [fakaanoo ya'doonahu min ghair oolaa il-
irbah]. Allah's Apostle (pbuh) one day came as he was sitting
with some of his wives and he was busy in describing the bodily
characteristics of a lady and saying: As she comes in front four
folds appear on her front side and as she turns her back eight
folds appear on the back side. Thereupon Allah's Apostle
(pbuh) said: I see that he knows these things; do not, therefore,
allow him to enter. She ('A'isha) said: Then they began to
observe veil from him.
For more reading on the “Mukhannathun” refer to “Effeminates of early Medina” by Everett Rowson
(Bukhari LXII, 25)
HADITH
as a Science
Is there a need for a book of Law other than the Quran
Then what Message, after that, will they believe in? - 77:50
The Prophet prohibits the writing of his Hadith
(1) Ibn Saeed Al-Khudry reported that the messenger of God had said:
"Do not write anything from me EXCEPT QURAN. Anyone who wrote
anything other than the Quran shall erase it.“ Sahih Muslim , Sahih Ahmad
Zayd ibn Thabit (The Prophet's closest revelation writer) visited the Khalifa
Mu'aawiyah (more than 30 years after the Prophet's death), and told him a story
about the Prophet. Mu'aawiyah liked the story and ordered someone to write it
down. But Zayd said. " the messenger of God ordered us NEVER to write
anything of his hadith," Ibn Hanbal
The famous book, "Ulum Al-Hadith" by Ibn Salah, reports a hadith by Abu
Hurayra in which Abu Hurayra said the messenger of God came out to us while
we were writing his hadiths and said; "What are you writing?" We said,
"Hadiths that we hear from you, messenger of God." He said, "A book other
than the book of God ?!" We said, "Should we talk about you?" He said, Talk
about me, that would be fine, but those who will lie will go to Hell. Abu Hurayra
said, we collected what we wrote of Hadiths and burned them in fire.
Ibn Hanbal in his Musnad book, narrates a hadith in which Abdullah
Ibn Omar said, "the messenger of God one day came out to us as if
he was going to depart us soon and said, "When I depart, hold to
the book of God, prohibit what it prohibits and accept as halal what
it makes halal.”
In the book "Taq-yeed Al-Ilm", Abu Saeed Al-Khudry said, " I asked
the messenger of God a permission to write his hadith, but he
refused to give me a permission."
The collection of Hadith & Sunnah is not divinely inspired
The guided Khalifas, who ruled the Muslim Ummah after the death of the Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh) respected the Prophet's wish in not writing anything but the
Quran and denounced any attempt of writing the Hadith and Sunnah. Their example
was followed for the first two centuries after the Prophet's death.
The Khalifa Omar Ibn Abdul-Aziz in 2nd Century AH, issued an order to permit the
writing of Hadith and Sunnah thinking that he would put an end to the widespread
lies about the Prophet Muhammad.
In the first half of the third century the famous six books of hadith appeared and
these are the books used by many of the orthodox Islamic scholars today.
1- Sahih Bukhari.
2- Sahih Muslim.
3- Sunan Abu Dawud.
4-Sunan Al-Tirmidhi.
5-Sunan Al-Nasai.
6- Sunan ibn Majah.
The farewell Pilgrimage of the Prophet MuFV L.
hammad is a corner stone in the Muslim history. There are however THREE
versions of this sermon in Hadith collections. This by itself reflects the degree of
inconsistency in Hadith collections as this is the most witnessed speech of the
prophet Muhammad.
1 " I left for you what if you hold up 2 "I left for you what if you
to, you will never be misguided, the hold up to, you will never be
book of God and my Family. misguided, the book of God
Muslim 44/4, Nu2408; Ibn Hanbal and my Sunnah" .
4/366; darimi 23/1, nu 3319. Muwatta, 46/3
Version followed by Shia Muslims Version followed by Sunni Muslims
Hadith claims missing verse from Quran
• Sahih Bukhari:
Abu Bakara said the messenger of God said;
"Any community whose leader is a woman will never succeed“
Omran Ibn Hussein, said the prophet said; "I looked at Heaven and found that the
majority of its dwellers are the poor, and looked at Hell and found the majority of its
dwellers are the WOMEN.
Abu Hurayra said; the messenger of God said; " If a man calls his wife to his bed and
she refused. Then he slept the night mad at her, she will be cursed by God and the
angels until the morning."
Continued……
• Musnad Ahmad:
"If a man orders a woman to lift a mountain she should
be ready to lift it.“
___________________________________________________________
At-Tirmidhi: 1376: ‘Whoever you find committing the sin of the people of
Lut, kill the one who does it and the one to whom it is done.’
No reference to Homosexuality in Hadith
Guamri, al-Hokm al-mazµbuta fi tahárim fi'l-qawm Lut, ed. Obayd-Allah al-Mesári al-
At¯ari, Cairo, 1988).
Group Exercise 2:
Can Hadith be used as an authentic source for the formulation of
Shariah Laws.
Discuss this in your group
Strategizing
• Movie – tool to generate discussion.