Replaces the brochure 10/96

9/2002

www.peikko.com

CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2. DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 3. MANUFACTURING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 3.1 Manufacturing method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 3.2 Manufacturing tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 3.3 Manufacturing markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 3.4 Quality control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 4. CAPACITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 5. APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 5.1 Principle of application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 5.2 Limitations for application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 5.3 Design rules information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 5.3.1 Design principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 5.3.2 Requirements for concrete bedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 5.3.3 Minimum distances of the edge and centres and attachment bedding reinforcement for long bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 5.3.4 Minimum distances of the edge and centres and attachment bedding reinforcement for short bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 5.3.5 The correction factors of capacity values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 5.3.6 Joining to foundations and column to column connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 6. INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 6.1 Appliance and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 6.2 Bolt installation and installation tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 6.3 Bending the bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 6.4 Welding of the bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 6.5 Installing the columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 7. INSTALLATION CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 7.1 Instructions for controlling bolt installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 7.2 Instructions for controlling column installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM

Tension, compression and shear forces are transferred to the reinforced concrete base structure by Peikko PPM and HPM bolts. There are two types of PPM and HPM anchor bolts: - long bolts - short bolts The long anchor bolts transfer the compression and tension forces through the bond of the ribbed bars. The short anchor bolts transfer the forces through the bond of the ribbed bars and headed studs. Concrete pry out failure measures the shearing capacity of the bolt. Use range: - in concrete element column joints with column shoes - in steel column joints - in concrete element wall joints with wall shoes - in concrete element beam joints with beam shoes - in fixing machines to the concrete

Figure 1

Bolts in steel column joint and in reinforced concrete column joint 3

2. DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS

Table 1
Bolt

Dimensions and weights of the HPM bolts

Tread lenght A [mm] 140 140 170 190 200 Stress area of the tread [mm2] 157 245 352 561 976 Ribbed bar [mm] 16 20 25 32 40 Washer HPM/P HPM/L

HPM 16 HPM 20 HPM 24 HPM 30 HPM 39

Length L Weight Length L Weight [mm] [kg] [mm] [kg] [mm] 810 1,7 280 1,0 38-6 1000 2,9 350 1,4 46-6 1160 4,8 430 2,6 56-6 1420 9,8 500 4,4 65-8 21,3 700 9,3 90-10 2000

Table 2

Dimensions and weights of the PPM bolts

Thread Stress area Ribbed Washer PPM/P PPM/L of the bar length Length L Weight Length L Weight thead A [mm] [kg] [mm] [kg] [mm2] [mm] [mm] [mm] 160 303 220 56-6 1190 6,2 510 4,4 170 459 225 65-8 1415 11,4 650 7,5 190 817 420 80-8 1450 16,0 740 13,0 190 976 325 90-10 1815 23,6 880 13,9 220 1306 425 100-10 1825 31,4 980 24,7 250 1758 432 100-12 1930 52,1 1140 41,8

Bolt PPM 22 PPM 27 PPM 36 PPM 39 PPM 45 PPM 52

Table 3

Materials of HPM bolts

BSt500S/ A 500HW S 355JO thread strenght 8.8 DIN 488/ SFS 1215 EN 10025 or DIN 7349 EN ISO 4032 or DIN 934

Ribbed bars Washers Nuts

Table 4

Materials of PPM bolts

3. MANUFACTURING
3.1 Manufacturing method
Ribbed bars Threads Welding Welding class Mechanical cutting Mechanical machining MAG by hand or with a robot C (EN 25817)

3.2 Manufacturing tolerances

Length Thread length 10 mm +5, -0 mm

3.3 Manufacturing markings

Bolts are marked with the SFS mark and the emblem of Terspeikko Oy. A letter T as Terspeikko is marked in headed studs.

3.4 Quality control

The quality control involved in producing the steel parts conforms to the requirements set by the Finnish Code of Building Regulations. Terspeikko Oy is under the SFS-Certification for quality control. Bolts have certified product declarations confirmed by the Concrete Association of Finland. In Germany short bolts have Zulassung Nr. Z-21.5-1520 and Nr. Z-21.5-1539.

4. CAPACITIES
Table 5
Bolt HPM 16 HPM 20 HPM 24 HPM 30 HPM 39 PPM 22 PPM 27 PPM 36 PPM 39 PPM 45 PPM 52

Capacities of the bolts; concrete C25/30.

Capacities [kN] Tensile force N u 65,4 102,1 147,1 233,8 406,7 194,4 294,5 476,6 569,3 761,8 1025,5 Shear force Vu 14,7 22,9 33,0 52,4 91,1 35,1 53,2 90,2 107,8 144,3 194,2

Allowed loads are obtained by dividing the calculation capacities with 1,6. The capacities in table 5 are according to the Finnish Code of Building Regulations If you require capacities according to other regulations, please contact Terspeikkos technical support. 5

When tensile and shearing forces strain the bolt simultaneously, the combined strain should be checked with the following formula: Nd Nu Vd Vu is the design value of the tensile force is the capacity value of the tensile force is the design value of the shear force is the capacity value of the shear force

The capacity of the normal force of a bolt cast in concrete is the same in tension and compression. The bending and buckling of the bolt should be noted in situations occurring during assembly. Such a situation can be dimensioned with the PeikCol dimensioning program that can be found and download without cost from the Internet, at www.peikko.com.

5. APPLICATION
5.1 Principle of application
HPM/P ribbed bar bolts are used as overlapping bolts in pre-cast columns and as foundation bolts. HPM/L are also used as anchor bolts in foundations, and they are suitable for bolt joints at the top of concrete beams or on sides of columns. PPM/P bolts are used as overlapping bolts in columns. The main reinforcement of the basic bolt is attached to reinforcement of the column with an overlap. PPM/L bolts are used as anchor bolts in foundations.

PPM/P -long foundation column HPM/P -column to column joint

PPM/L -footing HPM/L -low foundation column

Figure 2 6

Using the bolts

5.2 Limitations for application

The capacities of the bolts have been calculated for statistic loads. In the case of dynamic and fatigue loads, greater safety factors have to be used individually for each case.

5.3 Design rules information

5.3.1 Design principles
With short bolts tension and compression forces create a concrete cone into the base structure in the situation of ultimate limit state. To ensure the capacities minimum distances of the edge and centres, minimum concrete cover and minimum reinforcement has to be done according to section 5.3. The normal forces on the long bolts (PPM/P and HPM/P) are transferred through the overlapped ribbed bars to the main reinforcement of the structure. The splice factors for the long bolts are (according to the Finnish Code of Building Regulations): HPM/P: kj = 1,5 PPM/P: kj = 2,0 PPM and HPM bolts have been designed for reinforced concrete C30 in bond condition I. The minimum edge distance requirement has to be obeyed with shear forces in both long and short bolts. The level of the bolts from the surface of the casting must be at the most according to section 6.2. The effect of the stability forces has been taken into consideration with factor 0.8 in the capacities.

5.3.2 Requirements for concrete bedding

PPM and HPM bolts have been designed for reinforced concrete C25/30. The correction factories for lower grades and also for structure class 1 exist in section 5.3.5.

5.3.3 Minimum distances of the edge and centres and attachment bedding 5.3.3 reinforcement for long bolts
The concrete cover of ribbed bars and c/c distances of them are designed in accordance with ENV. Attachment bedding reinforcement A basic column is reinforced with the amount of reinforcement corresponding to the bolts bond. 7

Table 6

Reinforcement of column with PPM/P bolts

Bolt PPM 22 PPM 27 PPM 36 PPM 39 PPM 45 PPM 52 Ribbed bars of the bolt 220 225 420 325 425 432

Table 7

The defining criteria for bolt lengths

HPM / P PPM / P C25/30 I 2,0

Concrete Bonding space Slice factor [kj]

C25/30 I 1,5

C30/37 II 1,5

Shearing forces When shearing forces are transferred, the edge distance has to be 10 x M at the most. Otherwise, the edge has to be reinforced against the shearing forces or the capacity has to be decreased according to section 5.3.5.

5.3.4 Minimum distances of the edge and centres and attachment bedding 5.3.4 reinforcement for short bolts
The minimum edge distance from the edge of the foundation is 10 x M for short HPM/L and PPM/L bolts.

Table 8

The edge distance of short bolts in foundation plate and the minimum centre distances
c/c [mm] 180 280
c / c

HPM/L HPM 16/L HPM 20/L HPM 24/L HPM 30/L HPM 39/L PPM/L PPM 22/L PPM 27/L PPM 36/L PPM 39/L PPM 45/L PPM 52/L

180 280 380 480

Tensile forces A single bolt can be anchored without the need for punching reinforcement. 8

A pair of bolts requires the use of mesh reinforcement according to the concrete standards. The reinforcement is distributed evenly in the area of the concrete cone. Table 9 Reinforcing the foundation

HPM/L HPM 16/L HPM 20/L HPM 24/L HPM 30/L HPM 39/L PPM/L PPM 22/L PPM 27/L PPM 36/L PPM 39/L PPM 45/L PPM 52/L

As Min. mesh 2 [mm /m] reinforcement 174 8#200 221 277 8#150 343 485 10#150 355 470 539 663 745 869 8#150 10#150 12#150

If necessary, values lower than the edge distances stated in table 8 can be used if the concrete cone is anchored against bolt force with using the following principles.

Figure 3

Alternatives for punching reinforcement 9

If necessary, the HPM/L anchor bolt can be located closer to the edge of the structure if the corner of the structure is reinforced according to the bolt forces. In that case, with the HPM/L anchor bolt, you can use the minimum edge distance of 3,1 x M, calculated on the basis of the local compression fraction of the concrete. Using this small edge distance (min. 3,1 x M) becomes necessary in beams, columns and in the edges of other strongly reinforced structures.

Table 10

The minimum edge distance of the HPM/L anchor bolt according to local compression factor. The reinforcement of the structure will be planned to prevent conical fracture.
c / c

HPM/L HPM 16/L HPM 20/L HPM 24/L HPM 30/L HPM 39/L

Ah 52 82 118 187 325

Stirrups 18 28 38 48 510
stirrups

Compression forces The compression anchoring of short bolts requires a sufficient concrete layer (h) underneath the bolts anchor piece, so that the anchor piece does not cause a conical fraction under the plate. If "h" in the structure is lower than the required "h" (hrequired), the structure has to be reinforced.

Table 11
HPM/L HPM 16/L HPM 20/L HPM 24/L HPM 30/L HPM 39/L PPM/L PPM 22/L PPM 27/L PPM 36/L PPM 39/L PPM 45/L PPM 52/L

Reinforcing the conical fracture under the bolt

hrequired [mm] 80 100 115 145 190 90 105 170 195 205 220 As [mm 2] 93 138 186 312 527 149 152 588 720 862 1024

Reinforcement if h < h required

Shearing forces When shearing forces are transferred, the edge distance has to be 10 x M at the most. Otherwise, the edge has to be reinforced against the shearing forces or the capacity has to be decreased according to section 5.3.5. 10

5.3.5 The correction factors of capacity values

Concrete grade Correction factor for concrete C20/25 = 0,83

Edge distances for shearing force The shearing force capacity requires an edge distance of 10 x M. If this requirement is not in place, reinforcement must be used to make sure the edge of the concrete structure will not brake. Alternatively, the capacities must be reduced in relation to the edge distances.

C Correction factor = 10 M
C M

= distance from structure section to the centre of the bolt = thread size

5.3.6 Joining to foundations and column to column connections

Ash

Figure 4 Table 12
Concrete grade (column) C30/37 C40/50 C50/60 C50/60

Column joint of two different size columns The expansion of the (min) and splitting stirrups
Concrete grade (found.) C 25/30 C 30/37 The bolts of the tension side yield min [mm] 0,13 x H 0,26 x H 0,38 x H 0,20 x H Cross section compressed min [mm] 0,24 x H 0,43 x H 0,61 x H 0,33 x H Diametric reinforcement (BSt500S) Ash > A [mm2] A = B x H / 430 A = B x H / 240 A = B x H / 170 A = B x H / 278

The concrete strength of the lower column, in the column to column joint should be at least the same as the concrete strength of the upper column.

6. INSTALLATION
6.1 Appliance and equipment
Compiling the bolts to bolt groups is done with the PPK installation frame. By using the installation frame, the right c/c distance as well as the verticality of the bolts is secured. Centre lines marked to the installation frame make it easier to measure the bolt groups to their location according to module line. With the help of the installation frame, the bolts can be grouped easily for direct use in reinforcement. Also the usage of the welded bolt groups can be avoided. 11

The frame is installed by tightening it between the nuts. During casting, the frame protects the threads. Greasing the threads before casting helps in the removal of the frame. The installation frame is attached by nailing it to the mould with a support timber and by binding the bolt group into the reinforcement. An open frame makes casting and compacting the concrete with mechanical vibrators easier. After casting, the frame is detached and can be reused.

Figure 5 Table 13

Using the PPK installation frame Sizes of the nuts

M20 30 M22 34 M24 36 M27 41 M30 46 M36 55 M39 60 M45 70 M52 80

Thread size M16 24 Key [mm]

6.2 Bolt installation and installation tolerances

The bolts are installed to the level according to the figures in table 14. The level is measured from the surface of the rough casting, and the level tolerance is 20 mm.

Table 14

Installation tolerances and the anchoring bolts height level from the surface of concrete when HPKM and PPKM column shoes are used.
Bolt height Installation The Grouting from casting tolerance tolerance for the bolt surface for the joint [mm] [mm] T 105 115 130 150 180 130 150 170 180 195 225

Bolt
Installationtolerance T

Location tolerance of the bolt group 10 mm

HPM 16 HPM 20 HPM 24 HPM 30 HPM 39 PPM 22 PPM 27 PPM 36 PPM 39 PPM 45 PPM 52

50 60 50 55 60 65 70

Installationtolerance T

6 7 9

3 4 5

12

When the bolt group for the PPK installation frame is formed, we achieve a reciprocal location tolerance of 3 mm of the bolts. The location tolerance of the bolt groups hub has to be 10 mm in concrete element installation. The bolthole of the PPKM and HPKM column shoes gives tolerances for the bolts according to the table 15. Table 15 The location tolerances of the bolts in relation to the boltholes of the PPKM and HPKM column shoes.
Bolt HPM 16 HPM 20 PPM 22 HPM 24 PPM 27 HPM 30 PPM 36 HPM 39 PPM 39 PPM 45 PPM 52 Column shoe HPKM 16 HPKM 20 PPKM 24 HPKM 24 PPKM 30 HPKM 30 PPKM 36 HPKM 39 PPKM 39 PPKM 45 PPKM 52 Tolerance 5 mm 6 mm 5 mm 6 mm 5 mm 7 mm 6 mm 8 mm 7 mm 9 mm

6.3 Bending the bolts

The HPM bolts and the bonds of the PPM bolts are made of BSt500S (A500HW) ribbed steel. Bending must be done in accordance with either EN or the Finnish Code of Building Regulations.

6.4 Welding of the bolts

Welding of the bolts should be avoided, although all materials used in HPM and PPM bolts are weldable (except the nuts).

6.5 Installing the columns

Column installation is done on top of washers adjusted to the right level with the nuts and by using installation pieces under columns. The verticality of the column is checked and the nuts are screwed on tight. Joint castings are done prior to installing the upper structures.

13

7. INSTALLATION CONTROL
7.1 Instructions for controlling bolt installation
Before casting insure that the right frame is being used (c/c standards, thread size). HPKM and PPKM column shoes have a column side measurement of 100 mm (M16 M36) or 120 mm (M39 M52) greater than the bolts c/c standards. insure the location of the bolt group in relation to the module lines insure that the reinforcement required by the bolts has been installed insure that the bolts are level After casting insure the location of the bolt group (the tolerance for concrete element column joints are portrayed in section 6.2). Greater variations must be reported to the structural designer. protect the thread until the installation of the column (tape, plastic tube etc.)

7.2 Instructions for controlling column installation

The joints have to be made according to the installation plan composed by the designer (construction engineer). If needed, Terspeikkos technical support will give advice. In particular, check the following: installation order support during installation instructions for tightening the bolts instructions for joint casting

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BOX 104, Vipusenkatu 20, 15101 LAHTI, Finland Tel. +358 (0)3 812 311, Fax +358 (0)3 733 1134 www.peikko.com