February 2013

Practical 11 Router configuration

In this session I will show how can you configure the router. For demonstration purpose I used packet tracer software. Create a simple topology by dragging dives on workspace as shown in the figure below:

Click inside the Router and select CLI and press Enter to get started. Setup mode starts automatically if there is no startup configuration present. The answer inside the square brackets [ ], is the default answer. If this is the answer you want, just press enter. Pressing CTRL+C at any time will end the setup process, shut down all interfaces, and take you to user mode (Router>). You cannot use setup mode to configure an entire router. It does only the basics. For example, you can only turn on either RIPv1 or Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), but not Open Shortest Path First Protocol (OSPF) or Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). You cannot create access control lists (ACL) here or enable Network Address Translation (NAT). You can assign an IP address to an interface, but not to a subinterface. All in all, setup mode is very limited.
--- System Configuration Dialog --- Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:

Write no and press enter. To get router prompt You are now connected to the Router and are in user mode prompt. The prompt is broken down into two parts, the hostname and the mode. "Router" is the Router0's hostname and ">" means you are in user mode.
Press RETURN to get started Router>

User mode is indicated with the '>' next to the router name. In this mode you can look at the settings but cannot make changes.

In Privilege mode (indicated by the '#', you can do anything). To get into the privilege mode the keyword is enabled. Next type the command enable to get to the privileged mode prompt.
Router > enable

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Router#

To get back to the user mode, simply type disable. From the user mode type logout or exit to leave the router.
Router#disable Router> Router>exit Router con0 is now available Press RETURN to get started

Press enter to get back router prompt

Router>

You are now in User mode. Type ?to view all the available commands at this prompt.
Router>?

From privilege mode you can enter in configuration mode by typing configure terminal you can exit configuration mode type exit or <CTL>+z
Router>enable Router#config terminal Router(config)#exit Router#

To view all commands available from this mode type ? and press enter. This will give you the list of all available commands for the router in your current mode. You can also use the question mark after you have started typing a command. For example if you want to use a show command but you do not remember which one it uses 'show ?' Will output all commands that you can use with the show command.
Router#show ? access-expression List access expression access-lists List access lists backup Backup status cdp CDP information clock Display the system clock cls DLC user information compress Show compression statistics configuration Contents of Non-Volatile memory --More--

Router boot and initial Configuration: Do some basic configuration as you have done before with switch devices.

Set a : name, password, enable secret , set IP address, ... etc.

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Routing: Implementing Static Routing: Understanding the Purpose of the Router: A PC is connected to the network 192.168.1.0 with IP address 192.168.1.20 and connected to the gateway (Router IP) 192.168.1.1, with a connection between the two routers in network 192.168.2.0, where the R1 IP address is 192.168.2.1 and R2 IP address is 192.168.2.2, and finally R2 is connected to the other network 192.168.3.0 with IP address 192.168.3.1 and the PC at the right is connected at IP address 192.168.3.20. Now if I were logging console at R1, I would be able to ping the network 192.168.2.0, and the network 192.168.1.0 because R1 is Directly Connected to those networks, now if R1 pings network 192.168.3.0, he will not get any replies cause R1 does not now that this network Exist, although R1 is connected to R2 that is connected to network 192.168.3.0 but R1 is not Smart enough to understand that R2 has the ability to get to that network, likewise R2 knows how to reach Network 192.168.3.0 & 192.168.2.0, but doesnt know network 192.168.1.0 exist, the result is that PC at the Left cant communicate to the PC at the right, because the routers are not yet routing.

How Static Routing Can Help:

Static routing is when you as an administrator get on the routers and start telling them where to go (Manually). Now we will access Router1 (R1) and see what interfaces is connected to, as from the (show ip interface brief) command will show its connected Interfaces as in the above Picture, FE0/0 is IP address 192.168.1.1 & the Serial Interface is 192.168.2.1 Then by using the same command (show ip interface brief) in R2, we will see that its connected interface FE0/1 IP address is 192.168.3.1 & the Serial interface IP is 192.168.2.2.
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After we have seen the two Routers with their Connection, we will move back to Router 1 and see what Network Address it knows. Lets do the Following: R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C C

192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0

From the Above we see R1 had learned that network 192.168.1.0 & 192.168.2.0 are connected to its interfaces, the Codes in the above tells you how the Router learned that Network address by which Method, in our Picture it says it has Learned the Two Network Address because they are directly connected to Router interfaces which is method C which is written at the Beginning of the line which refers to Connected means (those Networks are Directly Connected to the Router). BUT : Router1 (R1) cant connect to the network 192.168.3.0 & Router2 (R2) cant connect to Network 192.168.1.0, so lets solve that using static routing as following: R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 ? A.B.C.D Ethernet FastEthernet Forwarding router's address IEEE 802.3 FastEthernet IEEE 802.3

GigabitEthernet GigabitEthernet IEEE 802.3z Loopback Null Serial

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Loopback interface Null interface Serial

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Vlan

Catalyst Vlans

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 Ok as you see above we will write down the Command IP route where this is the Syntax for Static Route, then we will choose the Destination network address you want to go to, so I will write network 192.168.3.0 with its Mask. Then Question Mark to see what I have to get to that network. Then we have to specify the IP address of the next hop (Router) that let you reach the network 192.168.3.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 , which is 192.168.2.2. It Means; I will use an IP address (192.168.2.2) that make me able to reach a network which previously I dont know about it which is (192.168.3.0). Lets See after the executing the previous Command if R1 has the information for reaching network 192.168.3.0 or not: R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C C S

192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2

As you might see above it has the Method S which means Static route configured.

GOOD LUCK
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