Sun FireTM X4540 Server as

Backup Server for Zmanda's

Amanda Enterprise 2.6 Software
Thomas Hanvey (Sun Microsystems) and Dmitri Joukovski and Ken
Crandall (Zmanda)
September 2008
Copyright © 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A. All rights
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Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Configuration ..................................................................................................................................................2
Overview...............................................................................................................................................................2
Solaris OS Configuration.........................................................................................................................................3
Zpool Configuration...............................................................................................................................................3
ZFS Configuration...................................................................................................................................................5
Amanda Enterprise Edition Configuration.................................................................................................................5
Amanda Enterprise Edition Monitoring and Reporting.............................................................................................11
Recovery Using the Zmanda Management Console.................................................................................................12

Summary.......................................................................................................................................................14

For More Information .....................................................................................................................................14

Sun Fire X4540 Server as Backup Server for Zmanda's Amanda Enterprise 2.6 Software
1 Introduction Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Introduction
Explosive data growth, combined with demanding requirements for data availability, has placed a tremendous burden
on IT operations staff at businesses of all sizes. Yet, many organizations do not have the staff or budget to purchase
and manage complex and expensive backup and recovery software products.

The Sun FireTM X4540 server can deliver massive storage capacity and remarkable throughput so it is well-suited as a
nearline storage platform for backup and restore applications. Combining the power of the SolarisTM 10 Operating
System with the data integrity and simplified administration of ZFS, the Sun Fire X4540 server can be an ideal
candidate for streamlining and improving backup and restore operations.

Amanda Enterprise Edition from Zmanda was designed to address these challenges, providing a backup and recovery
solution that combines fast installation, simplified management, enterprise-class functionality, and low-cost
subscription fees. As an open source product, Amanda Enterprise Edition uses only standard formats and tools,
effectively freeing you from being locked into a vendor to recover your archived data.

This guide discusses how to quickly configure the Sun Fire X4540 server as a backup server for Amanda Enterprise
Edition software.

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2 Configuration Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Configuration
Overview
Figure 1 shows an example of Amanda Enterprise Edition configuration with the Sun Fire X4540 server acting as the
backup server. The default NIC configuration on the Sun Fire X4540 server allows up to four physical Gigabit Ethernet
connections to be attached. The connections provide the ability to back up up to four separate subnets. Alternatively,
the links can be aggregated together using dladm(1M) for improved throughput to a single subnet.

Notes:
x4540 here refers to Sun Fire X4540 Server.
SL48 here refers to Sun StorageTek TMSL48 Tape Library.
All figures reprinted with permission from Zmanda.

Figure 1. Example Amanda Enterprise Edition Configuration

The Sun Fire X4540 server can also be connected to an optional Sun StorageTekTM tape library (using Fibre Channel or
SCSI connections) for long-term retention and archiving of data. The Sun Fire X4540 server can also be used as the
primary data cache (the holding disk in Amanda terminology) for staging from disk to tape.

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3 Configuration Sun Microsystems, Inc.

The complete Amanda Enterprise Edition deployment consists of the following:

• Backup Server and Zmanda Management Console (ZMC) centralize all backup operations and control backup
media. You need at least one backup server for your environment.
• Zmanda clients are installed on Solaris OS, Linux, Microsoft Windows, or Mac OS X servers, workstations, and
desktops.
• Zmanda agents are installed in addition to Zmanda clients for hot backup of Oracle®, Microsoft Exchange, and
Microsoft SQL Server.
• Zmanda Internet Backup is an option for backup over the Internet to Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service).
• Zmanda Recovery Manager (ZRM) for MySQLTM is an option for comprehensive backup and recovery of MySQL
servers.

Note: Amanda Enterprise Edition also supports backup over NFS and CIFS. If you can remotely mount your file system
to an Amanda backup server, you can protect that system without installing the Zmanda client on that host. In fact,
this is the recommended method for backup and recovery of NetApp filers and other appliances that require agentless
backup.

Solaris OS Configuration
The Sun Fire X4540 server used for Amanda Enterprise Edition testing was running the Solaris 10 8/07 OS. This is the
minimum recommended version to use because various ZFS improvements were introduced in this build.

The Sun Fire X4540 server is powered by up to 8 CPUs operating at 2300 MHz and provides 48 SATA drives with total
capacity close to 50 Tbyte in a 4U enclosure. The two boot drives are mirrored using Solaris Volume Manager with
UFS. The rest of the drives are available for backup data.

Zpool Configuration
The decision about how to configure zpools needs to be based on a number of factors:

• What is the required performance needed (IOPS/throughput)?

• What is the required data protection level needed (RAIDZ, RAIDZ2, mirror)?
• What is the required capacity?

After gathering and analyzing the requirements, a configuration that balances the needs of those requirements can be
chosen.

When configuring the system for network backups, the ability of the Sun Fire X4540 server to receive data over the
network is also a factor. For example, a 500-Mbyte/sec backup speed requirement cannot be met solely by using the
four pre-installed Gigabit Ethernet network ports. Additional network cards would be required to accommodate such
throughput.

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Care should be taken to ensure a system is not over-configured for disk performance, at the expense of space or data
protection, when the entire system (encompassing backup clients and network infrastructure) is not able to send data
at adequate levels. Likewise, a system should not be over-configured for space at the expense of performance or data
protection.

For the purposes of this guide, the Sun Fire X4540 server was configured with one zpool consisting of 12 drives and 6
spares in a RAIDZ2 configuration. This provided 7 Tbyte of capacity for backups with a very high level of protection
against drive failure and performance sufficient to handle 300 to 350 Mbyte/sec of backup traffic over the network.

Example zpool creation commands for a pool named zmanda:

bash-3.00# zpool create -f zmanda raidz2 c0t0d0 c1t0d0 c2t0d0 c3t0d0 c4t0d0 c5t0d0
bash-3.00# zpool add zmanda raidz2 c0t2d0 c1t2d0 c2t2d0 c3t2d0 c4t2d0 c5t2d0

bash-3.00# zpool list

NAME SIZE USED AVAIL CAP HEALTH ALTROOT
zmanda 10.9T 204K 10.9T 0% ONLINE -

bash-3.00# zpool add zmanda spare c0t7d0 c1t7d0

bash-3.00# zpool list

NAME SIZE USED AVAIL CAP HEALTH ALTROOT
zmanda 10.9T 210K 10.9T 0% ONLINE -

bash-3.00# zpool status zmanda

pool: zmanda
state: ONLINE
scrub: none requested
config:

NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM

zmanda ONLINE 0 0 0
raidz2 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c1t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c2t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c3t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c4t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c5t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
raidz2 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c1t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c2t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c3t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c4t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c5t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
spares
c0t7d0 AVAIL

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5 Configuration Sun Microsystems, Inc.

c1t7d0 AVAIL

errors: No known data errors

First, we created the RAIDZ2 pool zmanda with six drives. Then we added six more drives and verified that we had a
pool with 10.9 Tbyte of physical space. Depending on which RAIDZ configuration you choose, the actual available
capacity might be different. See the zpool(1M) man page for more details.

The next step was adding two spare drives. Lastly, we checked the pool status and verified the availability of the
zmanda pool for configuring ZFS.

RAIDZ2 is a natural choice for a backup server, which contains information vital to business operations. RAIDZ2 can
survive up to two drive failures, regardless of whether they are due to corrupt data coming off the drives, a physical
failure of the drives, or drives that are missing. With a suitably large number of disks, RAIDZ2 should not impose a
greater penalty in capacity or performance than RAIDZ.

ZFS Configuration
The Sun Fire X4540 backup server is configured to write to virtual tapes on disks called “vTapes” in Amanda
terminology. For this sample installation, we chose to put all the Amanda vTapes on a single ZFS file system. On a
system where multiple backup sets might be running simultaneously, it would be advantageous to have separate ZFS
file systems and pools for each backup set, in order to spread reads and writes around the available disks.

For Amanda Enterprise Edition, you do not gain any advantage by having each individual vTape volume in a backup set
on its own file system or pool, because Amanda Enterprise Edition writes to or reads from only one vTape volume at a
time in each backup set.

Example of ZFS file system creation:

bash-3.00# zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/lib/amanda/vtapes zmanda/vtapes

bash-3.00# zfs list

NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zmanda 203K 7.13T 49.0K /zmanda
zmanda/vtapes 49.0K 7.13T 49.0K /var/lib/amanda/vtapes

Amanda Enterprise Edition Configuration

The Sun Fire X4540 server is configured as a backup server. To install the Amanda Enterprise Backup Server with
Zmanda Management Console (ZMC), follow these overall steps, which are explained in more detail in subsequent
sections.

1. From the Blastwave web site, download the required dependency packages for running the Amanda Enterprise
Backup Server and ZMC on the Solaris 10 OS for systems with Intel® or AMD OpteronTM processors, and then
install the packages.

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2. From Zmanda Network, download the binary for Amanda Enterprise Edition for the Solaris 10 OS on Intel and
AMD Opteron processors, e.g.: http://network.zmanda.com/shop/home.php?cat=1.
3. Extract the binary package and run the Zmanda Rapid Installer to install Backup Server and ZMC Edition.
4. After the installation is complete, the ZMC welcome page is displayed, and you can begin configuring backup
sets.

Installing the Required Dependencies

The required dependency packages can be obtained from the Blastwave web site at
http://blastwave.network.com/csw/stable/i386/5.10/.

Once the packages have been downloaded, use the pkgadd(1M) utility to install the packages in the following order:

1. CSWcommon
2. CSWzlib
3. CSWiconv
4. CSWexpat
5. CSWggettext
6. CSWreadline
7. CSWgtar
8. CSWlibidn
9. CSWosslrt
10.CSWoldaprt
11.CSWzlib
12.CSWcurlrt
13.CSWlibnet
14.CSWsasl
15.CSWcurl
16.CSWsunmath
17.CSWmtx
(OPTIONAL: Install MTX [magnetic tape driver] if you are going to back up to a tape changer, library, or VTL)
18.CSWfindutils
19.CSWgfile

Installing the Amanda Enterprise Backup Server

The installation program for the Amanda Enterprise Backup Server is called the Rapid Installer.
The Rapid Installer contains both the Amanda Enterprise Backup Server and client, as well as the Zmanda
Management Console web user interface.

Note: The following tasks must be performed as super user (the root user).

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To run the Rapid Installer, first make sure that the binary file is executable:

# chmod +x amanda-enterprise-2.6.3-installer-S10-intel.bin

If you are installing from within a graphical environment, simply run the installer by
double-clicking it or executing it directly from the command line:

# ./amanda-enterprise-2.6.3-installer-S10-intel.bin

If you are installing from a text console or remotely (for example, using SSH) you can run the Rapid
Installer in text mode:

# ./amanda-enterprise-2.6.3-installer-S10-intel.bin –-mode text

The Rapid Installer then starts. Follow the on-screen instructions. The installer performs several tasks after creating
and populating the Zmanda directories. These tasks are completed after the progress bar (which tracks only the
archive extraction) shows 100% completion. These tasks take time. Please wait until they are completed.

The following packages are installed:

• Amanda Enterprise 2.6.3 Backup Server
• Amanda Enterprise 2.6.3 client for the server
• Zmanda Management Console with MySQL, PHP, Apache, PHPmyadmin, Perl, and various Perl modules and
their dependencies. These items are installed under the /opt/zmanda/amanda directory.

Note: After installing Amanda Enterprise Backup Server, make sure that the amandabackup user has permissions to
read and write in the /vtapes directory. Amanda Enterprise Backup Server on the Solaris 10 OS requires the
amandabackup user to modify crontab entries on the server. Please add the amandabackup user to the
cron.allow configuration file.

Zmanda Management Console

In addition to a powerful command line interface (CLI), Amanda Enterprise Edition also provides ZMC.

ZMC is a browser-based user interface for setting up and managing all backup and recovery activities. It is integrated
with the Zmanda Network, which provides certified Amanda Enterprise binaries, white papers, demos, technical
support, and a knowledge base to help you to deploy your backup solution.

ZMC provides context-sensitive help and the most current information about Amanda Enterprise Edition from the
Zmanda Network. After registering with the Zmanda Network, you will be notified of new software releases through
RSS feed.

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ZMC provides you with an easy-to-use tool for managing all backup and recovery operations for multiple clients and
various databases. Using ZMC, a backup administrator can accomplish all day-to-day backup activities, such as:

• Configure backup policies, schedules, and clients

• Verify configuration and client-server communications
• Start immediate backups
• Monitor Amanda Enterprise Edition activities and access reports about backups and media
• Create, edit, and delete backup users and backup sets
• Restore files

Configuring Backup Sets

To get started with Amanda Enterprise Edition, you need to configure backup sets first. A backup set is a key policy
concept of Amanda Enterprise Edition that simplifies and optimizes the enterprise-wide backup system with multiple
clients protected in a similar way. The backup set defines the following:

• List of hosts, applications, directories, excluded files, and other details of what to back up
• Tape of media (disk, tape, VTL, Amazon S3) used to back up a given backup set
• Backup time and parameters for backup-level scheduling

Each backup client belongs to at least one backup set. Backup sets are easy to copy, add, and modify. There are several
templates for common backup policies to help you get started with Amanda Enterprise Edition, such as:

• Back up to disk
• Back up to a single tape drive
• Back up to a tape changer
• Back up to Amazon S3

All backup, reporting, monitoring, and restore actions are performed on the backup sets. This enables the backup
administrator to abstract the backup policies and apply the same policy for multiple clients.

For this certification, we configured a backup set called test with five clients. You configure backup sets on the
Backup What page, shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows adding a Solaris backup client to a backup set. On this page, you
can also select encryption and compression for a client and specify what types of files to exclude from a backup.

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Figure 2. Backup What Page

Figure 3 shows the Backup What page configured with five clients.

Figure 3. Backup What Page With Five Clients

The next step is to configure vTapes on the Backup Where page.

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Configuring vTapes
When the Media Type of the backup set template is Disk, the vTape options shown in Figure 4 are presented.

Figure 4. Backup Where Page for Configuring vTapes

Destination Directory
This field is the directory where the backup images will be stored, specified as a URI (in other words, the specification
must begin with file://).

By default, ZMC fills in the field with file://var/lib/amanda/vtapes/<BackupSetName>. The

/var/lib/amanda/vtapes directory was created and verified as a part of the Amanda Enterprise Edition
installation and must exist. The <BackupSetName> subdirectory is created when you set up the backup set.

Different backup sets can use the same disk as a target as long as they are provided with separate directories.

The amount of free space available to hold backup images is an important consideration for fast retrieval of data. To
ensure effective restore capabilities, set aside sufficient disk space to hold more than one full backup set worth of
data. How many full backup sets you should keep on disk depends on the data and your site's requirements for quick
restores of accidentally deleted data. The more full backup images stored, the longer the retention of accidentally
deleted files. Start with enough space to hold three full backup set images and adjust this number as experience
dictates.

Number of Slots
This field corresponds to the number of vTapes of the size specified previously that will be used to hold the backup
images.

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You should define enough slots to hold at least one complete cycle's worth of backups. If you want to keep data for a
longer period, select a multiple of your backup cycle. For example, if each backup cycle uses five vTape slots, as in our
example, and you want to store three full backup cycles' worth of data on the disk, you need 15 slots.

Size per Slot

In this field, specify the size of the vTape volume that the online images will eventually be archived to, in megabytes.
Each vTape volume needs to hold enough data for a single day's backup run. For our example, we set each slot to 1
Tbyte in size.

Save
Save the data before the clicking the Manage Holding Disk button. Otherwise, your changes will be lost.

Amanda Enterprise Edition Monitoring and Reporting

The complexity of backup operations for various operating systems and databases makes it difficult to estimate how
well you meet the business objectives of data protection. The comprehensive backup reporting provided by Amanda
Enterprise Edition helps you to ensure your data is protected well. It also allows you to fine-tune the backup
operations for optimal performance, because your initial configuration might be based on guesses or even incorrect
assumptions about your clients and data. Reports provide you with information to adjust your assumptions.

You can monitor each backup run and see where you are in a backup process, as shown in Figure 5. However, you
don’t have to be in front of your computer to monitor details of backup runs. All relevant information is saved, and
you can review the progress through different backup phases later.

Figure 5. Monitor Page Showing Backup Progress

The calendar on the Report page, shown in Figure 6, provides an easy-to-understand, visual summary of your backups
for a month at a time with color-coded indicators of success, failure, or warning. Multiple squares indicate several
backup runs that day. In case of a problem, you can quickly drill down to a report with details about any backup run.

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Figure 6. Calendar View of Recent Backup Reports

Each backup run (successful or not) results in a report with details about all clients scheduled for that run, including:
• List of all clients and applications in that backup run
• Backup levels for each backup set
• How much data for each client was backed up
• Compression ratio achieved
• Backup anomalies, such as errors and other unexpected events (for example, missing client)

This Summary Report is stored in ZMC and is sent by email to selected users. In case of a warning or an error, the
report provides a link to a relevant article in Amanda Enterprise documentation. You can configure Amanda Enterprise
to receive backup reports by email.

Media reports provide a visual overview of media utilization and performance, which helps you understand your data
growth, identify backup performance bottlenecks, and plan for when to add more media.

You can customize the reports to slice and dice your data. Specifically, you can monitor success and failures, backup
performance, compression, amount of data written, and many other parameters. The reports can be saved, for
example for compliance purposes, or exported into your dashboard monitoring application and analyzed for time
trends.

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Recovery Using the Zmanda Management Console

As with backups, recovery using ZMC is based on a simple workflow:
• Determine what data should be restored (restore what)
• Determine where the data should be restored (restore where)
• Run the restore process (restore)

Using the Restore What screen (shown in Figure 7), you select what to restore. This selection can be as simple as a
single file, database, or directory or more complex, such as all directories and files under a single directory.
Alternatively, you can start the restore process by clicking a time-stamp link included in any backup report. Cross-
platform recovery allows you to recover, for example, backups from a Solaris client on a Linux host.

Figure 7. Restore What Page

In the example in Figure 7, one of the five clients used for our certification is selected for recovery.

The Restore Where page is used to select where the data is to be restored. One of the key features of Restore Where is
to prevent potential conflicts in restoring data. If the existing files match the files to be restored, Restore Where can
be configured for the following options:
• Keep existing files
• Overwrite existing files
• Rename existing files
• Rename restored files

Finally, the Restore page is for initiating the restore process. This is where the settings can be checked, and where
prompting for media is done (if required). Once ready, you start the restore process and monitor the progress until
successful completion.

Sun Fire X4540 Server as Backup Server for Zmanda's Amanda Enterprise 2.6 Software
14 Summary Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Summary
This guide was a quick introduction to configuring the Sun Fire X4540 server as a backup server for Amanda Enterprise
Edition 2.6.3 software. It provided examples for configuring the zpool and ZFS file systems on the Solaris 10 OS and
installing Amanda Enterprise Edition to utilize the Sun Fire X4540 server.

For More Information

Here are additional resources:
● Documentation for Amanda Enterprise Edition from Zmanda Network (requires registration) at
http://network.zmanda.com/documentationEnterprise.php
● Advantages of Amanda Over Proprietary Backup white paper
● Introduction to Amanda Enterprise white paper
● The following Sun documents at http://docs.sun.com
● Sun Fire X4540 server document collection:
http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/prod/sf.x4540#hic
● ZFS Administration Guide (part of the Solaris 10 System Administration Collection):
http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-5461
● IP Services Guide (part of the Solaris 10 System Administration Collection):
http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/816-4554
● ZFS Best Practices Guide on the Solaris Internals web site:
http://www.solarisinternals.com/wiki/index.php/ZFS_Best_Practices_Guide
● Sun training courses at http://www.sun.com/training/, such as Sun Fire X4540 Server Administration
(WET-6179)
● Support:
● Register your Sun gear: https://inventory.sun.com/inventory/
● Services: http://www.sun.com/service/index.jsp
● SunSolveSM Online: http://sunsolve.sun.com
● Discussions:
● Zmanda forums: http://forums.zmanda.com/
● Sun Storage forums: http://forum.java.sun.com/category.jspa?categoryID=66
● Sun Hardware - Servers forums: http://forums.sun.com/forum.jspa?forumID=830
● Wikis:
● Zmanda wiki: http://wiki.zmanda.com/index.php/Main_Page
● Sun BluePrintsTM wiki: http://wikis.sun.com/display/BluePrints/Main
● Sun Storage Administration wiki: http://wikis.sun.com/display/StorageAdmin/Home
● BigAdmin Storage Tech Tips wiki:
http://wikis.sun.com/display/BigAdmin/Storage+Tech+Tips

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15 For More Information Sun Microsystems, Inc.

● Other resources:
● Sun Fire X4540 server web site: http://www.sun.com/servers/x64/x4540/
● BigAdmin Storage Resource Collection:
http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/collections/storage.html
● Sun Storage web site: http://www.sun.com/storagetek/index.jsp
● Storage Stop Blog: http://blogs.sun.com/storage
● Events of interest to users of Sun products:
● Worldwide developer events and Sun Tech Days: http://developers.sun.com/events/
● Current events: http://www.sun.com/events/index.jsp

Licensing Information
Unless otherwise specified, the use of this software is authorized pursuant to the terms of the license found at
http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/common/berkeley_license.html.

Sun Fire X4540 Server as Backup Server for Zmanda's Amanda Enterprise 2.6 Software