Shaft generator/electric propulsion/d.

The Ward-Leonard system can have an a.c. induction motor driving its direct current generator.

Field current for both the generator and the motor is delivered through a three-phase rectifier from an a.c. supply.

This diesel-electric' propulsion is an all-d.c. system with a diesel engine as the prime mover driving the single d.c. generator at constant speed.

Shaft generator/electric propulsion

An exciter mounted on the generator shaft provides field current both for the generator and for the propulsion motor.

The exciter is itself a d.c. shunt generator.

While starting, the armature windings of the exciter have current from the residual magnetism of the exciter poles.

This self excitation will build up the rated voltage soon.

Shaft generator/electric propulsion

Shaft generator/electric propulsion

D.c exciter output is delivered to the d.c. propulsion motor. It is available to the field poles of the generator, through the regulating resistance of the maneuvering control.

If the control contacts are at the mid positions of the resistances, then no current flows to the main generator poles and there is no output from it to the propulsion motor.

Shaft generator/electric propulsion

Rotation of the maneuvering hand wheel and gears turns the threaded bars to move the contacts along the resistance, in opposite directions.

Shaft generator/electric propulsion

As the contacts travel towards the extremities and resistance reduces, current from the exciter flows to the generator and, in turn to the propulsion motor.

Propeller speed is proportional to the voltage produced in the generator and is fed to the propulsion motor.

Shaft generator/electric propulsion/syn.motor

The output from the alternators is delivered at constant voltage and frequency.

For maneuvering or slow speeds the output is passed on to propulsion motors at a lower frequency and with its voltage adjusted.

The speed of a synchronous motor is dictated by the frequency of the current supplied.

Shaft generator/electric propulsion/syn.motor

Shaft generator/electric propulsion

Many synchronous drives are based on conversion of the output (from fixed-speed alternators), first to direct current and then back to a.c. at a lower frequency (the opposite of the converter scheme for variable-speed shaft generators).

The vessel, when operating at full speed, will receive power at normal frequency and voltage straight from the switchboard.

propulsion/turbo alternator

An exhaust gas turbo-generator mechanically coupled to the main engine.

When the turbine power output exceeds the electric power demand in the ship the excess power is applied to the main engine to assist propulsion.

When the electrical load increases and exceeds the power output from the turbine the shortfall is taken from the main engine.

propulsion/turbo alternator

propulsion/power saving

. When the electrical power demand is low, power from the turbo generator drives the shaft generator as a synchronous motor and provides propulsion. As the electrical load increases the shaft generator takes power from the main engine to assist the turbo. generator.

propulsion/power saving

propulsion/power saving

In the event of a main engine failure the shaft generator can be used as an emergency 'take.home' motor supplied by the diesel generator. .

cycloconverter

It should be able to accept current from the switch board at constant frequency and voltage and pass this current to the a.c. motor at a reduced frequency and with voltage adjusted.

The cycloconverter is different in that it operates without an intermediate d.c. stage in the conversion.

cycloconverter

cycloconverter

The fixed-frequency supply from the a.c. generators is applied simultaneously to the three pairs of Graetz thyristor bridges of the cycloconverter.

The upper and lower bridges of each pair are arranged to operate alternately so that a number of triggering occur in the top set of thyristors - followed by an equal number from the bottom set, to deliver an output with a

cycloconverter

The frequency pattern is shown very simply to illustrate the principle.

There is greater variation in reality because the triggering of the thyristors is continually changed relative to the three-phase supply so that output can be tailored to provide the exact frequency and amplitude of voltage required.

Frequency is variable from 0 to 60Hz.