Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Intraurban Spatial Organization

Technology and urban form

John Borcharts Evolutionary Epochs Sail-Wagon (1790-1830)

Iron Horse (1830-1870)

Steel-Rail (1870-1920) Auto-Air-Amenity (1920-1970) High-tech (1970-?)

Urban Geography: Urbanization and Location

Clarke Urban Growth Model

output of model run on Santa Barbara Green = Current Urban Light Blue = Predicted Urban Royal Blue = Excluded Yellow = Roads Red = Other

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Central Place Theory

Centrality
Threshold: min. population for normal profits

Range: distance consumer is willing to travel to purchase product.

Distance

Price

Distance

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Central Place Theory (cont.)

Excess Profits Spatial Competition, Equilibrium
Threshold

Range

Central place hierarchy, ordering, nesting

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Central Place Theory (cont.)

Assumptions: > Uniform spatial distribution of population/income > Isotropic transport surface > Consumers patronize nearest store

> No excess profits (range=threshold)

Hexagonal trade areas of central place theory

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Spatial Competition:

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Central Place Theory (cont.) Relax Assumptions: > Population/income variation

> Transport surface

> Consumer behavior > Profits

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Central Place Theory (cont.) > Application to retail and settlement patterns. > Do cities of similar size have approximately equal spacing? > Encarta...

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Functional structure CBD, central city, suburb Urban Ecology: Classic Models

> Concentric Zone: Burgess (1920s)

> Sector Model: Hoyt (1930s) > Multiple Nuclei: Harris and Ulman (1940s)

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure Economic Base and the Base Multiplier

Basic and non-basic sector

Defining the base multiplier Example: Raytheon