We Are A Nation

1
(Excerpts from the Speeches and Statements of

Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali 1innah ranging
between 1937-1947 which indicate that Muslims
are a separate nation in the subcontinent.)

~There is third party, namely the Musalmans
Calcutta, Januarv 4, 1937
In reply to Hindu Congress leader, Jawaharlal
Nehru`s statement, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah
said that 'there is a third party, namely Musalmans
(Nation). We are not going to be dictated by anybody.

Muslims ~A Third Party
Lucknow, October 21, 1937
'While addressing a pubic meeting at Lucknow in
Urdu, under the presidentship oI Maulana Shaukat Ali, the
Quaid-i-Azam said:
Congress is indiIIerent to Hindu-Muslim
Unity. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru thought that
there were only two partiesBritishers and
the Congress in the country. There was a

Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, 1he Aation's Joice: 1owards
Consolidation: Speeches and Statements, edited by Waheed Ahmad, March
1935-March 1940, Karachi, 1992, p. 108; see also Civil & Military Cazette,
Lahore, January 5, 1937.
2
third party, namely eight crore Musalmans
whose existence the Congress reIused to
admit. The Muslim League would prove that
there was third party whom nobody could
ignore.

Islam A complete Code of Life:
~Flag of Muslim League is flag of Islam.
Gava, Januarv 1
st
1938
While hoisting the Muslim League Ilag on the huge
public meeting Quaid-i-Azam said:
'..The Ilag oI Muslim League is the Ilag oI
Islam, Ior you cannot separate the Muslim
League Irom Islam. Many people
misunderstand us when we talk oI Islam
particularly our Hindu Iriends when we say
'This Ilag is the Ilag oI Islam they think we
are introducing religion into politicsa Iact
oI which we are proud. Islam gives us a
complete code. It is not only religion but it
contains laws, philosophy and politics. In
Iact, it contains everything that matters to a
man Irom morning to night. When we talk
oI Islam we take it as an all-embracing
word. We do not mean any ill will. The

The Nations Joice, p. 183; Originally quoted in the 1ribune, Lahore, October 23,
1937
3
Ioundation oI our Islamic code is that we
stand Ior liberty, equality and Iraternity.

~Live and Let Live
Karachi, October 8, 1938
Replying to a Welcome Address the Quaid said:
'.I call upon the leaders oI various
communities to place their cards on the table
and endeavour to solve the problems. India
is a country oI diIIerent nationalities,
communities, castes and creeds. The only
way in which we can reach our goal is by
pursuing a policy oI live and let live and by
making every community Ieel a sense oI
security and conIidence..

~Build up Moral, Cultural and Political
Consciousness Session of the
All-India Muslim League
Patna, December 25, 1938
During the course oI his presidential address, the
Quaid-i-Azam said:
'I say the Muslims and the Muslim League
have only one ally and that ally is the

The Nations Joice, p. 221; Originally published in the Star of India, January 11,
1938
The Nations Joice, p. 291; See also Statesman and Bombay Chronicle, October
10, 1938
4
Muslim nation, and one and only one to
whom they can look Ior help is God.
Earlier the Quaid while paying condolence at
Maulana Shaukat Ali`s death said that the Maulana`s
death was not his personal loss but was surely a national
Muslim loss which was mourned all over India. Likewise,
the Quaid also paid tributes to Kamal Ataturk and great
poet oI the East Allama Dr. Mohammad Iqbal saying that
their contributions had proved that the Muslim nations
were coming into their own. AIter having dwelt with the
mindset oI the Hindu Congress the Quaid reIerred to the
awakening oI the Muslims in India and said:
'As regards Musalmans I can say that it is a
matter oI great congratulation to the All-
India Muslim League that it has succeeded
in awakening a remarkable national
consciousness among the Muslims. As to
the question oI political consciousness, the
Quaid said that he wished the Muslims to
acquire political, moral and cultural
consciousness. He said that 'the counting oI
the heads may be a very good thing, but it is
not the Iinal arbiter oI the destiny oI
nations. You have yet to develop a national
selI and national individuality. It is big task,
and as I have told you you are yet only on
5
the Iringe oI it. But I have great hope oI our
success.

~Liaquat propound Division Scheme
Meerut, March 25
th
, 1939
While addressing the Meerut Divisional Muslim
League ConIerence, Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan,
Secretary oI the All-India Muslim League said:
'I want an independent India where Muslims
have power and Ireedom, Ior the Muslims are
a Nation and not a community. It would be a
travesty to dismiss 90 million people with a
glorious past as a community. Although
Hindus and Muslims live in the same
country, they live diIIerently because their
religion, culture and civilization are diIIerent.
Muslims do not Iavour the pseudo-
nationalism that the Hindus have borrowed
Irom Europe. II Hindus and Muslims could
not now live together amicably in Indiaand
it had become almost impossible Ior them to
co-exist under the same regimethen they
might be able to do so by dividing the
country on a religious and cultural basis.

The Nations Joice, pp. 327, 330, 332; See also Shamsul Hasan Collection,
Karachi.
The Nations Joice, p. 355

6
(This was the first occasion when a suggestion for
division of India came from the Leagues platform)

~Muslims and Hindus are Poles Apart
Bombav, August 15, 1939
While addressing the Ismaili College Students
Union at Andheri, the Quaid said:
'Muslims and Hindus were poles apart in
Iaith, education, culture and philosophy.
They were two distinct races or
nationalities.
AIter having criticized the Congress Muslim Mass
Contact Movement the Quaid roared:
'Hands oII the Muslims. Trust us and trust
our honour. We do not want to be protected
by you. We shall take care oI ourselves. We
have no designs against you except that we
should have proper share in the national
government oI this country.

~Muslim League Represents Muslim Nation
More Truly
While replying to M.K. Gandhi`s statement on the
Constituent Assembly published in the News Chronicle,

The Nations Joice, pp. 386-87; Originally published in Star of India, August 16,
1939.
7
on 14
th
December, 1939 the Quaid said that the 'Muslim
League represented Muslim Nation more truly.

~Musalmans were not a Minority but a Nation
New Delhi, Februarv 26, 1940
While addressing the meeting oI the All-India
Muslim League Council held on 26
th
February, 1940 at
Delhi, the Quaid said:
'Musalmans were not a minority but a
Nation.
Maulana ZaIar Ali Khan said that:
'Hindus had reIused to recognize
Musalmans as a nation. He asked what was
the attitude oI the British Government. Were
they willing to recognize the Musalmans as
a separate nation?

~Musalmans are a Nation-No ~Settlement
without their ~Approval
Aligarh, March 6, 1940
While addressing the students oI Muslim
University, Aligarh on March 6
th
, 1940 the Quaid said:
'I have declared on numerous occasions that
we Musalmans are a Nation but when in my

The Nations Joice, p. 425; See also Speeches and Writings of Mr. 1innah, ed.
Jamil-ud-Din Ahmad, Lahore, 1968, pp. 115-21.
The Nations Joice, p. 466; Originally it appeared in Civil & Military Cazette,
February 27, 1940.
8
letter to Mr. Gandhi recently I made this
statement, he said that all his hopes oI
Hindu-Muslim Unity had been dashed. The
question is, what are the hopes oI Mr.
Gandhi and what does he mean by Hindu-
Muslim Unity? Mr. Gandhi`s hope is to
subjugate and vassalise the Muslims under a
Hindu raj. I have resisted it with all the
power at any command and, thereIore, I am
condemned as that worst Musalman in this
country.It was no use depending upon
anybody. We must depend upon
ourselves.. I appeal to you to put your
shoulders together and work with the
Muslim League. Stand Iirm as one solid
block oI steel, go on organizing our people,
training them, disciplining them. They are
with us.Organize the Muslims, bring them
all together, train them, drill them and make
oI them the most wonderIul political army
that India has ever seen and we will soon
reach the goal oI our Ireedom.

Source: The Nations Joice, pp. 469-472; See also Speeches and Writings of Mr.
1innah, ed. Jamil-ud-Din Ahmad, op.cit., pp. 145-151.
9
Abstract from an article published on
9
th
March, 1940 in 1ime and 1ide, London,
authored by Mohammad Ali 1innah, titled as:
~The Constitutional Future of India.
'.The British people must realize that
Hinduism and Islam represent two distinct
and separate civilizations and, moreover, are
as distinct Irom one another in origin,
traditions and manner oI liIe as the nations
oI Europe. They are in Iact two diIIerent
Nations.II, thereIore, it is accepted that
there is in India a major and a minor nation,
it Iollows that a parliamentary system based
on the majority principle must inevitably
mean the rule oI the major nation.

~Musalmans are a Nation-They must have
Homelands, Territory and State
Lahore, March 23, 1940
While addressing the historic annual Muslim
League session held at Lahore on March 22-24, 1940, the
Quaid said:
'Musalmans are not a minority as it is
commonly known and understood.
Musalmans are a nation according to any
deIinition oI a nation and they must have

The Nations Joice, pp. 473-475.
10
their homeland, their territory and their
state.

~We are not a minority-Ninety Million Muslims
could achieve whatever they wanted
Bombav, November 3, 1940
The Quaid-i-Azam while addressing 20,000
Muslims who had gathered to oIIer Id Prayers on Azad
Maidan on Id day said:
'I wish you to make up your minds that we
are not a minority. We do not believe in the
so-called democratic parliamentary Iorm oI
government Ior this country. We are a
nation and as such we should have our own
territory and our own state.

~Prosperity and advancement of a Nation depends
upon its intelligentsia-~Muslim India is looking
to her Young Generation
Karachi, December 25, 1940
On the occasion oI his 64
th
birthday the Quaid-i-
Azam while thanking the Muslims asked them to strive

The Nations Joice, p. 495; Originally appeared in the Presidential Address oI
Quaid-i-Azam M. A. Jinnah, produced by S. Shamsul Hasan, Assistant Secretary,
All-India Muslim League, delivered at the Session oI the All-India Muslim
League, Lahore Session, March 22, 1940, pp. 61-6.
Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, 1he Aation's Joice: United We Win,
Vol. II, Annotated Speeches and Statements April 1940-April 1942, Quaid-i-
Azam Academy, Karachi, 1996, edited by Waheed Ahmad, pp. 78-79; Also
appeared in Star of India, November 11, 1940.
11
hard Ior the attainment oI Pakistan. Addressing the
Muslim youth the Quaid said:
'I would specially appeal to the Muslim
students and the intelligentsia to be up and
doing. The prosperity and advancement oI a
Nation depends upon its intelligentsia and
Muslim India is looking Iorward to her
young generation and the educated classes to
give a bold lead Ior the upliIt oI our
people.

~In India, Nation did not Exist
Ahmedabad, December 28, 1940
While addressing a crowded meeting on December
28, 1940 at Mangaldas Memorial Town Hall, Ahmedabad,
the Quaid said that:
'There was no possibility oI democracy in
India as there was no national will behind it
nor expression oI political policy and
programme. The nation did not exist. Here
you have a spectacle oI a permanent Hindu
majority and a permanent Muslim minority
.Where is the resemblance oI a Nation and
expression oI the will oI the Nation upon

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 104-105; See also Civil & Military Cazette,
December 25, 1940 and Speeches and Writings of Mr. 1innah, op.cit., pp. 213-
214.
12
which is based the so-called democracy in
England which can be adopted here?

Students` Pakistan Conference in Lahore
Lahore, March 1
st
, 1941
The Quaid-i-Azam presided over the Punjab
Muslim Students Federation`s Special Pakistan
ConIerence held on March 1
st
, 1941, at Islamia College,
Lahore. On this occasion the Quaid said:
'Today is the Iirst day oI March and my
advice to the Muslim youth is to march on.
The President oI the Reception Committee in his
welcome address discussed the polity oI Islam and
stressed the belieI oI Muslims in the two nation theory
preponded Iirst by Allama Mohammad Iqbal. The
President oI the Research Committee Iurther said that:
'Muslims now can not be hoodwinked by
the Congress and the British government.
Islam is complete system oI liIe, and no one
who does not adopt this system in its
entirety can call himselI a Muslim. India is a
continent oI human groups belonging to
diIIerent races, speaking diIIerent languages.
Their behaviour is not at all determined by a
common race consciousness. Even the

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 120-121; The same version Iirst appeared in the
Eastern 1imes, Lahore, December 30, 1940.
13
Hindus do not Iorm a homogeneous groups.
The principle oI European democracy can
not be applied to India without recognizing
the Iacts oI communal groups.

On March 2, 1941, the Quaid in his Presidential
Address to the Special Pakistan ConIerence oI the Punjab
Muslim Students Federation said:
'.OI course we have declared on hundreds
oI platIorms that we are not a minority.
Quite right, we are not a minority..the
Hindu leadership is still harping on the same
old story that we are a minority. But it is as
clear as daylight that we are not a minority.
We are a nation. And a nation must have a
territory. What is the use oI merely saying
that we are a nation? Nation does not live
in the air. It lives on the land. It must govern
land, and it must have territorial state and
that is what you want to get.

While dwelling on the subject oI nation-building
departments, the Quaid exhorted the students to apply
their minds to the national building departments which go
to make a nation worthy oI possessing a territory and
running the government. He stressed upon attainment oI
education and getting economically and industrially strong

March 2, 1941; Daily Inqilab, (Urdu) Lahore, March 2, 1941.
14
so as to make its deIence as strong as possible.
'Education, strong economic position and deIence were
the three main pillars upon which a nation rests said the
Quaid. Continuing he said 'the strength oI the nation
remains in proportion to your readiness and your
preparedness with these three pillars, i.e., Education,
Commerce and DeIence.

In the same Address aIter having discussed other
subjects especially Pakistan the Quaid stressing upon the
Iact that the Musalmans were a nation, IorceIully said:
'I do not think really that any honest man
can possibly dispute the Iact that the
Muslims are a nation by themselves,
distinctly separate Irom the Hindus.

Star of India and the cause of Muslim Nation
According to M.A.H. Ispahani, the author oI
Quaid-i-Azam as I knew Him, while commenting on the
English press once remarked that the editor oI the Star of
India, namely Pothan Joseph, who had astonishing
command over English language produced master pieces
'and wrote with the Iire oI a Ianatical Muslim supporting
the cause oI the Muslim nation.

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, p. 165, 166, 169; See also Speeches and Writings of
Mr. 1innah, op.cit., pp. 221-37.
The Nations Joice, Vol. II, p. 207.
15
~Our Goal is Pakistan
Madras, April 14, 1941
In his masterly and magniIicent speech in the
League`s annual session held at Madras in April 1941 the
Quaid while elucidating the policy and Ideology oI the
Muslim League envisaged his second Iive year plan
declaring that:
'In order to build up a Muslim nation, the
Muslims must sedulously try to add to the
strength oI the main pillars which
constituted a strong and worthy people and
work Ior their educational, economic and
social upliIt and their political training.

In the same speech oI April 14, 1941 the Quaid
Iurther said that political training was also important Ior
the Musalmans.
'While they had become politically
conscious, said the Quaid and, 'while they
had come to Ieel that they had acquired that
selI-respect, selI-reliance, and dignity and
honour oI their nation, they require
thorough harnessing, consolidating political

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, p. 212; In addition to above the book titled: Speeches
and Writings oI Mr. Jinnah quotes that the Quaid 'Speaks as one who knows
both the strength and shortcomings oI his Iollowing, his speech is a correct
measure oI the tempo, the tendency oI the expression and the determination oI
the Muslim nation.
16
training in a manner that would evoke them
to march along to their goal.

Two Different Nations in India
Again, in the same speech, the Quaid while
discussing the subject oI democracy in India said that:
'Democracy means, to begin with, majority
rule-Majority rule in a single society is
understandable although even there it has
Iailed. Representative government in a
single nation harmonious homogeneous in
one society is understandable but you have
got only to apply your mind a Iew minutes.
Can such a system ever work or succeed
when you have two different nations, more
than two different nations? In this
subcontinent you have two diIIerent
societies, the Muslim society and the Hindu
society, and particularly in this land there is
another nation that is the Dravidian.

Muslim League Ideology
The Quaid Iurther elaborated the creed and policy
oI the Muslim League saying:
'Let me say that the Ideology oI this League
is based on the Iundamental principle that

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 213-214
The Nations Joice, Vol. II, p. 215.
17
Muslims oI India are an independent
Nationality and any attempt to get them to
merge their national and political identity
and unity will not only be resisted but in my
opinion it will be Iutile Ior any one to
attempt it. We are determined that there
shall be no mistake to establish the status oI
an independent nation and an independent
state in this subcontinent.

~Nation`s destiny in Your Hands
On the occasion oI election oI Dr. Sir Zia-ud-din
Ahmad as Vice-Chancellor oI the Aligarh University, he
received hundreds oI messages oI goodwill Irom all
sections oI people. While congratulating Dr. Zia-ud-din
Ahmad the Quaid in his message said:
'Nation`s destiny once again in your hands.
May God bless you.
It may be noted that never perhaps was the election
oI a Vice-Chancellor so universally hailed in the country.
Besides dignitaries and political Iigures; the Vice-
Chancellors oI the universities oI Patna, Calcutta,
Lucknow, Lahore and other Indian universities sent
messages oI warmest greetings to Dr. Zia-ud-Din
Ahmad.

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, p. 216; For a detailed account see Presidential
Addresses oI Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, pp. 91-117.
The Nations Joice, Vol. II, p. 246; See also Star of India, May 9, 1941.
18
~Pakistan only means for Indian
~Freedom in the quickest possible Time
Ootacamund, June 3, 1941
While addressing public meeting at the gymkhana
pavilion, Ootacumund, the Quaid declared that Pakistan
was the only means by which India could get Ireedom in
the quickest possible time. He said that:
'India was never a single nation and had
never a national government.I believe as
an individual, certainly an overwhelming oI
Musalmans believe, that Pakistan is the only
solution Ior getting our Ireedom. When I say
our Ireedom I mean Ireedom oI Hindus and
Musalmans who really constitute the two
major nations in this country.

He asserted that Pakistan was the only means by
which India would get Ireedom in the quickest possible
time.

Muslims are a Different Nation
Continuing the Quaid in the same speech oI June 3,
1941 said:
'So long as the Hindus remain Hindus and
Muslims remain Muslims, the Hindu nation
which is the majority in India, cannot but

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, p. 257; See also Civil & Military Cazette, June 5,
1941.
19
give expression to its will, Iaith, culture and
social order. Willingly or unwillingly, these
will be imposed on the Muslims who are a
different nation and civilization. Hence the
Muslims ask that where they are in majority
they should be allowed to have their own
way oI liIe and that where Hindus are in
majority they should continue to have their
way oI liIe, each nation according to its
own philosophy, Iaith and culture.

~Hindus and Muslims are Two Nations
Ootacamund, June 3, 1941
Addressing the second public meeting which was
chaired by Ani Gowder and attended by a large number oI
Hindus besides Muslims, the Quaid observed that:
'It is impossible, having regard to history
behind us and conditions and having regard
to the Iact that Hindus and Muslims are two
nations, to have a joint raj. You can not put
two lions in one den and thereIore the only
solution is partition.

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 257-258; See also Civil & Military Cazette, June
5, 1941.
The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 259-260; See also Star of India, June 5, 1941
20
~Pakistan was the Goal
Banglore, June 8, 1941
AIter having completed his tour oI Ootacamund the
Quaid reached Banglore via Mysore where he addressed a
Iollowing oI Muslims at Islamia Club. He said that:
'Muslim League had given the Muslims in
India a Ilag and a platIorm and their
national goal was Pakistan. Pakistan was
the goal Ior which every Muslim should in
morning and the evening say to himselI, 'it
is a goal worth living Ior and worth dying
Ior..The Muslim nation was determined
to get itselI Iree and establish Pakistan and
the sooner this was realized the better.

~Let our motto be Faith, Unity and Discipline
Calcutta, September 19, 1941
A huge congregation oI several thousand students
Irom all over Bengal gathered in the city Town Hall,
Calcutta, to attend the Pakistan ConIerence which was
chaired by Maulana Akram Khan, MLC, and a member oI
the Working Committee oI the All-India Muslim League.
It was also addressed by prominent League leaders like
Chaudhary Khaliquzzaman and Syed Hussain Shaheed
Suharwardy. It was on this occasion that H.S. Suharwardy
while hoisting the League Ilag at the ConIerence said:

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 264-265; See also Star of India, June 9, 1941
21
'We wish to create homeland Ior the
Muslim nation where we can Iashion the
world according to our tenets oI our
religion..the Ilag oI the Muslim League,
the Ilag oI the Muslim nation, the Ilag oI
Pakistan is the Ilag which will lead us
unerringly to our goal. We must have
courage to combine all together under that
Ilag and Iollow it Iearlessly until we Iind it
spreading above a Iree Indian Muslim
nation.

On this historic Pakistan ConIerence oI Muslim
students the message oI the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad
Ali Jinnah was read out by H.S. Suharwardy. The Quaid
in his message said:
'Let our motto by Iaith, unity and discipline.
Pakistan is our sacred goal and stand Ior
equality and manhood, justice, Ireedom and
peace.

~Our watchword should be Faith, Unity and
Discipline
Quaid-i-Azam` Id message to Muslims.
'I wish the Musalmans a happy and
prosperous Id.

September 21, 1941
22
On this occasion the Quaid dwelled on the subject
oI Ramadan and Id. His message besides other points
included motto oI Muslims in India i.e., Faith, Unity and
Discipline.
'I Ieel conIident said the Quaid 'that you
all will at this moment reaIIirm your resolve
to do everything in your power and to make
every contribution in the shape oI time and
money and make every sacriIice that is
possible to consolidate, harness and make
Muslim India really a great nation specially
by building up all departments oI national
and an individual liIe such as educational,
economic and social upliIt and thus help
Iurther its onward progress in the realization
oI our political goal namely
PAKISTAN.

~Appeal to Support Dawn
New Delhi, October 26, 1941
While appealing the Muslims to support the
Weakly Dawn, Delhi, the Quaid observed in his message:
'During the last Iew years the All-India
Muslim League and the great Muslim
nation have been Iully organized such as

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 303-304; See also Dawn, Delhi, October 26,
1941; Civil & Military Cazette, October 22, 1941.
23
they have never beIore been with history oI
British India.

Two Nations Theory
~Pakistan not counter for bargaining
Aligharh, November 2, 1941
While surveying the political condition in India, the
Quaid made reIerence to the Viceroy`s August oIIer
which indicated that no Iuture constitution oI India would
be Iormed without the consent and approval oI the major
elements in India and that it could only be adopted when
there was an agreement between the principle parties in
India. AIter having dwelt with the question oI the so-
called National DeIence Council the Quaid observed that:
'..the proposal oI the Muslim League
embodied in the memorandum oI July 1940
to the Viceroy was based on the two-Nation
Theory. It is inconceivable where the two-
Nation Theory comes in the reconstruction
oI the Executive Council within the
Iramework oI the present constitution which,
like an emergency national cabinet had to be
reconstructed not on the basis oI counting oI
heads but what the heads contain.

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, p. 312; See also Dawn, October 26, 1941.
The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 321-322; See also Dawn, 1941.
24
~No such thing as Indian Nation
Bombav, December 24, 1941
While giving a statement to Aews Chronicle
London, the Quaid said that:
'I want the British public and statesmen to
understand that the stand oI the Muslim
League is vitally diIIerent Irom that oI the
Congress and other Hindu organizations.
'..it is most misleading to say that the
Congress represents the Indian nation.
There is no such thing as Indian nation in
existence. India is a constellation of
nations and the two major nations are the
Hindus and Muslims.

~Surrender Yourselves to our Watchword-
Faith, Unity and Discipline
Nagpur, December 26, 1941
While delivering his extempore presidential
address to the IiIth annual session oI the All-India Muslim
Students Federation held at Nagpur on December 26,
1941, the Quaid laid stress on the students not to take
active part in politics which was changing Irom day by
day, week by week and month by month. The Quaid said:
'Your primary duty to yourselves, to your
parents and to your nation is that you should

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 334-325; See also Dawn, December 28, 1941
25
concentrate your attention on your studies
while you are students..but, while that is
your primary duty to yourselves, to your
parents and to your nation, at the same time
you must keep yourselves abreast oI the
political, social and economic developments
in the country not only in this country but
the world at large. It is Ior this reason that I
have always willingly accepted any
invitation Irom the gathering oI Muslim
students.

The Quaid Iurther said that the League was
growing speedily 'which had given to Muslim India a
national Ilag, a common platIorm and a deIinite goal to
be achieved. Talking about suIIerings and ups and downs
the Quaid said:
'No nation was built and ever achieved its
ambition without suIIering and sacriIice.

Muslims and Hindus two Major Nations of India
Commenting on Marshal Chiang Kai-Sheks` advice
to British Government about political power and Ireedom
to India without having understood the real political
condition the Quaid in a press statement observed that:

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 339-341; See also Speeches and Writings of Mr.
1innah, op.cit., pp. 315-334; Civil & Military Cazette, December 18, 1941.
26
'India is not one national state, its two
major nations being Hindus and
Musalmans and one third oI India is under
the Princes. It is unIortunate that Marshal
should have indulged in generalities without
understanding political situation and
necessary constitutional adjustments.
Muslim India cannot accept machinations oI
those who speak in name oI Ireedom Ior
Hindu India only. We want our Hindu
brethren to be Iree but do not want to be
ruled by them; both Hindus and Muslim
nations should be Iree equally in respective
homelands and zones, any attempt militating
against Pakistan demand will lead to gravest
disaster in India at this critical moment..
India is composed oI a constellation oI
nations and it is not one nation state, its
(composed oI) two major nations being
Hindus and Musalmans.The problem oI
problems is what is the way which will
secure the Ireedom oI these two nations
who inhabit this subcontinent oI
India.From the objective point oI view, we
would ask the British Government to declare
immediately agreeing to the Pakistan
scheme and create conditions in this country
whereby they could justly claim the
cooperation oI both these great nations,
27
without any scheme oI manoeuvering oI a
constitution which would bring Muslim
India under the heel oI the Hindu
India.There is no diIIerence on the point
with regard to Ireedom oI the peoples oI
India, but we desire that both the Hindu and
Muslim nations should be Iree equally in
their respective homelands and zones.I
thereIore hope and trust that British
Government and the British public will not
be carried away by the generalities in which
Marshal Chiang Kai-Shek has indulged aIter
his visit to India Ior a Iortnight.

National Fund: Special Appeal to the
Rich Muslims
New Delhi, April 26, 1942
While appealing to the rich Muslims, the Quaid
asked them to contribute generously to the Muslim
National Fund. He Iurther decided that no Iormal receipts
will be issued to those who had remitted their contribution
to the Muslim National Fund by money orders or through
telegraphic money orders. This was proposed to save
considerable amount oI expense on postage etc.

The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 379-381; See also Dawn, March 1, 1942
The Nations Joice, Vol. II, pp. 454-456; See also Dawn, April 26, 1942; Civil &
Military Cazette, April 28, 1947.
28
The only just Course is to decide in favour of
Pakistan-~We are a Nation
Bombav, Julv 2, 1942
In a press interview to Mr. P. Gover oI Associated
Press oI America, the Quaid said that the only way the
British could do justice was by handing over 'Muslim
homelands to the Muslims and Hindu homelands to the
Hindus.
He said that the Pakistan scheme was just and
reasonable both Ior Hindus and Muslims. The Quaid
asserted that:
'The Muslims were a nation and they
insisted upon their rights as a nation being
respected.
As to the Congress-ruled provinces the Quaid said
that:
'The Hindu Congress during these 27
months, made every eIIort to suppress the
language, custom and culture oI the
Muslims. Even in educational institutions
which were wholly Muslim, students were
compelled to use textbooks, prescribed by
the Congress government emphasizing
Hindu culture and traditions and belittling
that oI the Muslims.
'The diIIerence between the Hindus and
Muslims is deep-rooted and ineradicable.
29
We are a nation with our own culture and
civilization, language, literature, art and
architecture, names and nomenclature, sense
oI value and prosperity, legal laws, and
moral codes, customs and calendar, history
and traditions, attitude and ambitions: in
short we have our own distinctive outlook
on liIe and oI liIe. By all cannons oI
international law we are a nation.

~No compromise on the right of
self-determination
New Delhi, September 13, 1942
In a press conIerence with nearly all the British,
American, Chinese and Indian press correspondents at his
residence in New Delhi, on September 13, 1942, the
Quaid, while replying to a question regarding any chance
oI modiIication oI Muslim demands said:
'The Muslim League stands Ior
independence both oI the Hindus and oI the
Musalmans. Hindu India had got three-
Iourths oI India in its pocket according to
our proposals, and it is the Hindu India
which is bargaining to see iI it can get the
remaining one-Iourth else Ior itselI and rid

Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali 1innah-1he Aation's Joice: Unity, Faith and
Discipline, Vol. III, Selected Speeches and Statements, edited by Waheed
Ahmad, May 1942-October 1944, Quaid-i-Azam Academy, Karachi, 1997.
30
us out oI it. There can be no compromise on
the question oI the right oI selI-
determination oI a nation. It is their inherent
birthright and to deny that is to deny their
very existence.

Attainment of National Freedom
In his message given to the Muslims on the
occasion oI Id-ul-Fitr, the Quaid said:
'The Musalmans have their own national
culture and civilizations distinct Irom
others.the Musalmans oI India are
determined to attain our national Ireedom
and independence by establishing our own
independent and sovereign state.
The Quaid Iurther said:
'Let us today be one in spirit and one in
mind. Let us be united as a solid nation and
come under the banner oI the All-India
Muslim League.Islam and Musalmans are
playing no less an important part in this
titanic world war than any other nation.
'No civilized nation can look upon this
present conIlict and clash oI arms and the
insane slaughter oI mankind and the

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 53; See also Speeches and Writings of Mr.
1innah, op.cit., Vol. 1, pp. 427-435.
31
destruction oI countries old civilization with
equanimity and without gravest anxiety. Let
us hope and pray that time is not Iar oII
when this will bring such a universal peace
and settlement whereby it will not be
possible Ior any nation to dominate and
exploit another but each nation will rise to
its Iullest stature and will have equal rights
and opportunities to develop itselI as Iree
and independent people.

I Say to Hindu Leaders - ~Let me live according to
my History and Islam
Aligarh, November 2, 1942
While addressing the students oI Aligarh Muslim
University Union, the Quaid discussed at length the
League`s activities and its growing strength saying to the
Hindus:
'Let me live according to my history in the
light oI Islam, my tradition, culture and
language, and you do the same in your
zones. Let us thus live in peace. But the
objective oI the Hindu leadership,
unIortunately, is that they want us to
surrender and consent to live as a minority
in the whole oI India under the domination
oI Hindu raj. We will never accept this

The Nations Joice, vol. III, pp. 63-64
32
position. When we propose Muslim
plebiscite it is on the basis that Musalmans
oI India are by any and every deIinition a
nation. Nowhere in the world would 100
millions oI people be regarded as a minority.
Thus it is not a question oI concession or
compromise, protection or saIeguards. It is a
question oI the inherent birthright oI
Musalmans to selI-determination as
national group inhabiting this subcontinent
to establish their own state in those zones
where they are in a majority. We cannot
compromise on this issue. It would be
compromising our very existence. II you
talk to me as a minority there can be no
settlement. II we are a nation it is Ior the
Muslims alone to decide their Iuture. But we
ask you (Hindus) to agree to give eIIect to
the verdict oI the plebiscite oI Muslims.

~Even Hindu leaders had begun to realize that
Pakistan was reality
While inspecting an impressive military parade oI
Muslim cadets oI Aligarh University as chieI guest, the

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp.75-76; See also Speeches and Writings of Mr.
1innah, op.cit., Vol. 1, pp. 432-443.
33
Quaid expressed his satisIaction over the smart turn out oI
the students.
The next day i.e., November 4, the Quaid was the
guest oI honour at a luncheon on behalI oI the members oI
the All-India Muslim League Council or the City League.
Replying to the toast, the Quaid reviewed the
achievements oI the League during the last Iive years. He
said that during this period the Muslims had succeeded in
establishing certain propositions that:
'Democracy oI western parliamentary type
was utterly unsuitable to the genius oI India
and second that the Muslims were not a
minority but a nation. So long as the
Muslims allowed themselves to be called a
minority, they could not demand anything
beyond saIeguards. Third, a nation must
have a homeland because it cannot live in the
air. All these propositions were now Iully
established both in this country and abroad
and even the Hindu leaders had begun to
realize that Pakistan was a reality.

Advice to Muslim youth-~Key to Pakistan is in
your Hands
Jullundhar, November 15, 1942
Addressing the All India Muslim Students Annual
ConIerence held at Jullundur on November 15, 1942 the

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 78-79; See also Star of India, November 9,
1942.
34
Quaid thanked the Muslims oI Jullundur Ior organizing a
royal reception in his honour. He dwelt with Iar many
achievements and activities oI the All-India Muslim
League oI the past Iive years. While unIurling the League
Ilag at Burlton Park, the Quaid advised the Muslims to
make every possible sacriIice to preserve its honour and
dignity as it was Islam`s flag. He Iurther said that iI the
Muslims stood together their demand could not be resisted
by any power. 'Key to Pakistan is in your hands and iI
you use it properly you can achieve your goal oI
Pakistan.
While perIorming opening ceremony oI the Islamia
College, Jullundur, the Quaid Iorbaded Muslim students to
take active part in politics.
In response to address presented to him on behalI
oI the Anjuman-i-Khadiman-e-Islam, the Managing
Committee oI the College and the College Union, the
Quaid in a joint reply 'stressed the importance oI the right
type oI education Ior Muslim youth Ior it was the
Ioundation oI any nation and was glad to Iind the
Muslims oI Jullundur alive to this necessity.

Punjab Premiers` Speech
Lvallpur, November 18, 1942
In the second session oI Punjab Provincial League
ConIerence held at Lyallpur (Now Faisalabad) on

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 96-101; See also Civil & Military Cazette,
November 15, 1942; Star of India, November 16, 1942.
35
November 18, 1942 the Punjab Premier, Sir Sikandar
Hayat Khan, beIore the adjournment oI the ConIerence
Iound an opportunity to extend a hearty Welcome on
behalI oI Punjab to the Quaid and Khawaja Nazim-ud-din
who presided over the ConIerence on the Iirst day. While
dwelling his diIIerences with the Quaid, Sir Sikandar
Hayat Khan said that aIter these were removed he 'always
abided by the decision oI the majority and whenever there
was the slightest possibility oI a clash between his
personal interests and those oI the millat (Muslim
Nation), the latter were overridden by the Iormer.

Pakistan only solution of Indias` complex problems
Lahore, November 21, 1942
The Quaid stressed Ior a strong Muslim press in
India. He was talking to a mammouth public meeting at
Lahore organized by Lahore City Muslim League. He, in
his Address dealt with the League activities and recalled
that:
'When he Iirst stated Iour oI Iive years ago
that the democratic parliamentary system oI
government was not suited to the conditions
and requirements oI our people, there was a
howl in the country but now most people
had come to accept the position that the
democratic parliamentary system was not

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 114-117; See also Star of India, November 19,
1942.
36
suited to India. There was a similar howl in
the Hindu press when he said that the
Muslims were not a minority but a nation.
At that time he was called a lunatic` but
now they were getting used to it and
beginning to talk on the basis oI even the
two-nation theory. Again there was another
howl, when the League passed a resolution
in Lahore demanding the partition oI
India.

Continuing the Quaid said the 'time was not Iar oII
when their opponents would give up intrigues,
machinations and manoeuvring. II they examined the
proposal oI Pakistan honestly, dispassionately and in
Iairness and justice, he had no doubt that they must come
to the conclusion that it was the only solution oI India`s
complex problem and the only method oI enabling the two
major nations to live happily in peace and Iriendship.

National Group
Answering to questions oI the pressmen in a Press
ConIerence at Lahore, the Quaid threw light on the
Congress decision which he turmed not only a rebellion
against the British but an internecine war. ReIerring to his

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 121; See also Dawn, November 22, 1942; Star of
India, November 21, 1942.
The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 122.
37
talks with C. Rajgopalacharia the Quaid said that there
could be no agreement because Rajgopalacharia had no
sanction behind him.
In reply to a question about the partition oI India,
the Quaid said that once the basic principle laid down in
the Lahore Resolution is recognized, Iull scheme could be
considered. He explained that it was not the Iirst time in
history that the territories were partitioned as it had been
done beIore also.
He said that: 'iI you Iind there is a national group
living on a large position oI territory where they are in a
majority and iI they want to have their separate
independent state then that territory has to be carved out
as an independent state.

~No Nation can make Progress without
Cooperation of Women
Addressing a crowded meeting oI Muslim women
held under the auspices oI the Jinnah Islamia College Ior
Girls, Lahore, the Quaid said:
'It has now become crystal clear to the
world that Indian Musalmans are not a
minority but are a nation and as a nation
they want to set up their independent state in
those territories where they are in

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 124-125; See also Speeches and Writings of
Mr. 1innah, op.cit., Vol. 1, pp. 455-458; Star of India, November 23, 1942.
38
overwhelming majority. Musalmans do not
want a national central government as there
is no Indian Nation as such. I am glad to see
that not only Muslim men but Muslim
women and children also have understood
the Pakistan scheme. No nation can make
any progress without the cooperation oI its
women.

~Three pillars for national life, Pen, Sword and
Economics
Prior to his departure Ior Delhi, the Quaid was
presented with an Address oI Welcome by students oI
Rivaz Hostel oI the Islamia College, Lahore. On this
occasion, a student namely Mr. Zahur Alam Shaheed,
eulogized the services oI the great Quaid. While
addressing the Quaid-i-Azam he said:
'Sir, your example oI selI sacriIice and
patriotism has roused the Muslims Irom
their deep slumber Ior which the entire
Muslim nation is grateIul to you.
'At this critical juncture iI you had not
piloted the ship oI Muslim nation we would
have suIIered the Iate oI Muslims in Spain.
Your voice rising Irom the deepest recesses

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 128; See also Speeches and Writings of Mr.
1innah, op.cit., Vol. 1, p. 458.
39
oI the heart has rallied the scattered
elements oI the nation under one Ilag.You
have not only set up beIore our minds the
ideal oI a Pakistan Muslim State but have
also spared no eIIort to plan the rebuilding
oI the nation on a solid Ioundation.
Nobody can deny the importance oI the
movement heralded by you. II we the youth
oI the nation imbibe it in its true spirit and
act upon its loIty ideals, no power on earth
can prevent us Ior long Irom achieving our
goal. We assure you that in accordance with
your advice we shall not take active part in
politics and conIine our activities to
explaining the message oI Pakistan among
the rank and Iile oI the Muslim nation.In
your Iamous speech at Lyallpur, you drew
the attention oI the Muslim nation to the
importance oI education, trade and
sword..We are acquiring our education in
a collage which owes its existence to our
national eIIorts and is run on national lines.
We cherish in our hearts the highest
appreciation Ior our national organization
and our national ideals.the majority oI the
students oI our College and Hostel belong to
the middle classes and have always been in
the IoreIront in every religious and national
activity.
40
In reply to the above Address the Quaid thanked
the students Ior the honour they had done him. During the
course oI his Address he said that there were three pillars
Ior the liIe oI a nation, namely pen, sword and economic
and industrial power.

~Muslim India Showing me much Affection,
Mystery is I have spoken what was in the hearts of
millions of Muslims
New Delhi, December 25, 1942
th
birthday reception at
New Delhi, on December 25, 1942, the Quaid said:
'Neither the government oI India nor the
British government can divert us Irom our
goalPakistan which is now an article oI
Iaith with us.'Muslim India is showing
much regard and aIIection Ior me. What is
the mystery oI this? It is obvious because I
have spoken what was in the hearts oI
millions oI Muslims boldly, served you
IaithIully and led you truthIully. I can give
you nothing except my service. I shall
continue my service oI the Musalmans and
Islam.

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 129-131; See also Civil & Military Cazette,
November 24, 1942.
Mr. 1innah, op.cit., Vol. 1, pp. 458-461.
41
~Muslims are a very Powerful Nation in this
Subcontinent
Bombav, Januarv 24, 1943
While addressing the Session oI the Bombay
Muslim Students Federation on July 24, 1943, at Bombay,
the Quaid said:
'Do the Congress or Mr. Gandhi or other
Hindu leaders think that they can achieve
the independence oI India without any
agreement with the Muslim League? The
policy adoptedas has been stated by Mr.
Gandhi is a suicidal policy. May be that the
Musalmans are numerically one-Iourth. But
you cannot always go by counting heads.
The Muslims are a very powerIul nation in
this subcontinent.

~It is a historical fact that the Muslims are a
separate Nation
Bombav, Februarv 1, 1943
Emphasizing the Muslim League`s demand Ior
'Pakistan the Quaid in an Address to the students oI the
Ismaili College, Bombay, said that 'rule oI parliamentary
democracy was not suited to the genius oI this land and
was a lion to the Hindu-philosophy. Now the Hindus have

Mr. 1innah, op.cit., Vol. 1, pp. 461-467.
42
suddenly Iallen in love with democracy because they
could dominate over the Muslims.
Continuing the Quaid while discussing the creed
and policy oI the Muslim League and also the Muslims`
religious rights, clearly said that:
'The Muslims are a nation distinct Irom
Hindus. The Muslims ruled over this
country Ior nearly eight hundred years and
Ior the past two centuries both the Hindus
and Muslims were ruled by the British.It is
a historical Iact that the Muslims are a
separate nation and hence we must have our
own state.

Message on Pakistan Resolution
New Delhi, March 22, 1943
On the occasion oI the Pakistan Day` the Quaid
issued a statement in which he said that it was on 23
rd
oI
March, 1940 at Lahore that Ior the Iirst time
authoritatively Irom the platIorm oI the All-India Muslim
League, the national goal oI Muslim India was declared
Ior a separate homeland oI Muslims in India. During the
course oI his statement the Quaid said:
'The progress that Musalmans, as a nation
have made during these three years is a
remarkable Iact. Never beIore in the history

Mr. 1innah, Vol. 1, pp. 468-469.
43
oI the world was a nation rallied round a
common platIorm and a common ideal in
such a short time as the Muslims have done
in this vast subcontinent. Never beIore has a
nation miscalled a minority, asserted itselI
so quickly and so eIIectively. Never beIore
has the mental outlook oI a nation been
uniIied so suddenly.Three years ago
Pakistan was a resolution. Today it is an
article oI Iaith, a matter oI liIe and death
with Muslim India. It is not mere sentiment
or propaganda that has accepted us in
establishing our national solidarity.

~Our Goal is Pakistan
On the occasion oI 30
th
session oI the All-India
Muslim League the Quaid while hoisting the League Ilag
reiterated the determination oI the Musalmans to achieve
their goal oI Pakistan and said that:
'There is no doubt that the whole oI Muslim
nation oI India has come under this banner.
Our course is clear, our path is straight, our
goal is Pakistan and we are determined to
achieve it.

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 170; See also Civil & Military Cazette, March 23,
1940.
The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p 176; See also Star of India, April 24, 1943.
44
~We as a Nation have got to attempt the
Constructive Programme of Musalman`s
Educational, Economic, Political and Cultural
Uplift
During a mamouth session oI the All-India Muslim
League held at New Delhi on April 24, 1943 the Quaid
delivered a three-hour Presidential Address in which he
surveyed in detail the political scenario oI the
subcontinent with special reIerence to the League`s
achievements and the role oI Muslim majority provinces
in the struggle Ior Pakistan. ReIerring to largest Muslim
majority province oI Punjab, the Quaid said that:
'The Punjab is the corner-stone oI Pakistan;
and I particularly appeal to the delegates
Irom the Punjab when they go back,
please`-substitute love Ior Islam and your
nation, in place oI sectional interests,
jealousies, tribal notions and selIishness.

The Quaid while dwelling with the Hindu Congress
negative attitude Ior suppressing Muslims criticized
parliamentary system oI democracy which he said (in the
given situation) was 'not suited to the genius oI this
country...We have made it clear that there cannot be any
room Ior democracy when you have a nation (the Hindus)
working on these lines. Not only have we evidence but we
have suIIered and experienced that. When you (Hindu
45
Congress) talk oI democracy you are thoroughly
dishonest. When you talk oI democracy you mean Hindu
raj, to dominate over the Muslims, a totally diIIerent
nation, diIIerent in culture, diIIerent in everything.

In the same three-hour speech the Quaid remarked
that the British had a wrong conception that Muslim India
was not cooperating in the event oI war whereas it were
the Muslims who were more interested in deIending India
but, he said that 'when the Muslim League says: we
cannot cooperate because you want us to come in as
camp-Iollowers. What are the proposals Ior us? What will
be the Iruit oI victory Ior us? When we have given our
money, our blood and everything? II we are deIeated
Japan or Germany will come. II we win we are just camp-
Iollowers and may get a Bakhsheesh in the end. Is this an
incensentive to cooperation? Can any honourable, selI-
respecting or organized nation accept that position?

The Quaid discarded the idea oI some sort oI loose
Iederation saying:
'We are opposed to any scheme nor can we
agree to any proposal which has Ior this
basis any conception or idea oI a central
government-Iederal or conIederalIor it is
bound to lead in the long run to the
emusculation oI the entire Muslim nation,

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 199.
46
socially, educationally, culturally,
economically or politically and to the
establishment oI the Hindu majority raj in
this subcontinent. ThereIore, remove Irom
your mind any idea oI some Iorm oI such
loose Iederation. There is no such thing as
loose Iederation.

At the conclusion oI his historic Address, the Quaid
observed:
'Now it is time to take up the constructive
programme to build up this nation so that it
can march on the path oI our goal oI
Pakistan. It is Ior you all to put your hands
together, your Council oI the All-India
Muslim League, and undertake proper and
systematic planning, I can only repeat once
again, Ior educational upliIt, social upliIt,
economic upliIt, political upliIt, and cultural
upliIt oI the nation. We as a nation have got
to attempt this constructive programme.

In the third sitting oI the same Session oI the All-
India Muslim League, held on April 27, 1943 at New
Delhi, Chaudhry Khaliquzzam moved a main resolution
which related to the declaration by the British

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 180, 190, 203, 205; See also Star of India, April
26, 1943.
47
Government regarding the selI-determination Ior the
Musalmans. Mr. Gazdar, while recording the resolution,
characterized it as revolutionary. He said that it was clear
that no nation got Ireedom by mere asking Ior it. He
exhorted the Muslims to get ready to make sacriIices in
order to achieve their goal oI Pakistan.
Sardar Aurangzab Khan Irom N.W.F.P while
supporting the resolution said that the Muslims were a
separate nation and were entitled to their homelands. The
Muslims were Ior Iree India and Iree Pakistan. It is their
birthright and they shall have it.

Supporting the resolution, Nawab Mohammad
Ismail Khan oI United Provinces said that the resolution
was the pith oI the Quaid`s Presidential Address. The
Muslims wanted the right oI selI-determination to be
conceded to them and they would oppose all constitutions
which denied this.
At this, Syed RauI Shah Irom Central Provinces
said that 'a living nation was not aIraid oI death and
attainment oI Pakistan by the help oI others is tantamount
to going to hell.
In the end the Quaid summed up the Session saying
that the 'Delhi Session was a historic session held in a
historic city and had passed a resolution which was a
turning-point in their history.

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 206, 211.
The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 211-214.
48
Message to Frontier Muslim Students Federation
~Strengthening yourself means strengthening
borders of Pakistan
Peshawar, June 23, 1943
In a message to the Frontier Muslim Students`
Iqbal Day Function the Quaid stressed upon the students
to strengthen themselves as it would strengthen the
borders oI Pakistan Ior which the Muslims in India were
struggling hard.
'Strengthening yourselves means
strengthening borders oI Pakistan, a thing
which will enable us to achieve our goal and
thus maintain our Ireedom, honour, prestige
and glory oI Islam Ior which we are now
Iighting.
This Function was presided over by the Nawab oI
Mamdot while a student namely Naseem Anwar Beg
speaking on behalI oI the students reiterated their
determination to achieve the goal oI Pakistan. He said
that:
'We are ready to sacriIice everything Ior the
Ireedom oI Islam and the Muslim nation.
We are determined to regain our past glory
and honour and Ior that purpose the hundred
million Musalmans oI India must be Iree
and powerIul, but we can not be powerIul
unless we have our Iree Muslim state in our
49
homelands. We must have it and, God
willing, we will have it by our unity, Iaith
and discipline.

Baluchistan ~Most important part of Pakistan
Quetta, Julv 2, 1943
While unIurling the League Ilag at the Pandal oI
the Baluchistan Provincial Muslim League ConIerence
held on July 2, 1943 the Quaid said:
'I consider it a great honour that I am
unIurling this national Ilag oI ours today on
the soil oI Baluchistan. Every nation in the
world has their own national Ilag. For a long
time the Muslim nation in India had no Ilag
oI theirs, but now, thank God, we have our
own national Ilag. The honour oI this
national Ilag is in your hands and it is your
duty to uphold the dignity oI this
Ilag.Baluchistan may be a small province
but I assure you that it is the most important
part oI Pakistan and when we get Pakistan
you will realize the important part your
province will play in that Islamic
kingdom.

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p 227; See also Morning Aews, June 24, 1943.
The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 232; See also Dawn, July 4, 1943.
50
~It is a great thing to belong to this Nation
Quetta, Julv 3, 1943
In the same ConIerence oI the Provincial Muslim
League held at Islamia High School, Quetta, on July 3,
1943, the Quaid in his Presidential Address while
reviewing the Leagues` tremendous achievements during
the past years oI 1936, 1937 and 1940 onwards said that:
'Since 1940 the Muslim League has made
the Musalmans oI India not only in one
province or two provinces but throughout
India out oI what were only crowds, a
nation. We are going through the process oI
nationalizing our people.
Continuing the Quaid Iurther observed that:
'Today I Iind that in every province
Muslims stand erect. Muslim League is
getting stronger and we have made every
Muslim Ieel the inner pride oI his nation
and consider it a privilege and honour to
belong to this great organization. The Iirst
Ioundation oI nationalizing people is that
you must create healthy social conditions.
You must raise your people educationally
and economically and you must create
honour and pride in your people that they
may Ieel Irom within that it is a grate thing
to belong to this nation. It is still a greater
51
thing to make sacriIices Ior this nation and
it is still a greater thing to die Ior this
nation.. Stand together, work as comrades
and disciplined soldiers in an army. Give up
your jealousies and give up your deIections,
don`t quarrel over small matters. Observe
one rule that you are prepared to give up
your individual conveniences or interests Ior
the collective good oI your nation.

Saying a word to Baluchistan Sardars, Nawabs and
the ChieIs, the Quaid said that the time was moving Iaster
thereIore it was necessary Ior them and their people to
move Iast with the changing world.
'You have to consider the time in which you
are living and the time that is coming
hereaIter.we ask you to realize your
responsibilities, realize your own duties and
come in line with your people and come in
line with your nation which is now being
built up not only in Baluchistan but all over
India.For the Iew days that I have been
here I met many Sardars, many prominent
men and I know that their hearts are with us
and their heart is beating with Ior the
Muslim League and the Muslim nation.

In the same Address the Quaid dealt with a number
oI other subjects oI which one was with regard to Hindu
52
mindset and their attitude towards Muslim demand oI
Pakistan. He said:
'We do not wish ill-will to the
Hindus.Pakistan means that let Hindus
have their government in India and let us
have our government in Muslim India and
let us both be Iree. The reply oI the Hindus
is no, no. We want the whole.Hindu
Mahasabha says, I want India in order to
keep the Muslims under my heel. You must
submit to my raj and iI you are not satisIied
go to Mecca and Medina. Now I ask you,
who has got ill-will? Who has got designs?
and who is trying to keep under their heels,
the other nation? Not we but they.

~Knowledge is a greater Force than Sword
Quetta Julv 4, 1943
While addressing the Muslims in the second session
oI the Baluchistan Provincial Muslim League held at
Quetta, on July 4, 1943 the Quaid, on the occasion oI
presentation oI historic sword to him by the Muslims oI
Baluchistan, said that 'knowledge is a greater Iorce than
sword. He exhorted them to acquire acknowledge. The
second important thing was trade and commerce according
to him. To this eIIect, the Quaid said IorceIully that:

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 232,234,236,237, 241; See also Morning Aews,
July 8, 1943; Star of India, July 6, 1943.
53
'So long as a nation is weak economically,
it cannot hope to win the battle oI liIe. So
organize and raise economic liIe.

In the gathering oI the Balochistan Muslim
Students Federation who had presented him a Welcome
Address, the Quaid advised the students saying:
'Do not participate in active politics so long
as you are students. Do not run aIter cheap
slogans or catchwords. Concentrate your
whole attention on education. Get equipped
and qualiIy yourselI Ior action. This is your
Iirst duty to your own selI, your parents and
above all to your nation. The better you are
equipped the brighter are your chances oI
success.

~Our Motto Unity, Faith, Discipline
Bombav, September 30, 1943
In his Eid message to the Muslims the Quaid said:
'We have gone through and Iaced another
year oI the political struggle with no small
credit to our national organization the All-
India Muslim League (which) has gone
Iorward Irom strength to strength and has
stimulated and advanced every nation

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 243,244; See also Speeches and Writing of Mr.
1innah, Vol. 1, pp. 521-523.
54
building department and walk oI liIe.On
this auspicious day I would urge upon you in
the name oI national cause and our
cherished goal oI Pakistan to stand united
and unswerving in our determination and
that you should not hesitate to make each
and every sacriIice and be prepared Ior all
sacriIices Ior collective good and our
national cause.
'We are a nation oI 100 millions oI people
inhabiting this great subcontinent and we
have a great history and past behind us. Let
us prove worthy oI it and bring about true
renaissance oI Islam and revive its glory and
splendour thereIore, with our motto 'Unity,
Faith and Discipline, let us all resolve on
this great day and reaIIirm once more our
solemn declaration that Muslim India
(nation) will not rest content till we have
achieved our cherished goal oI Pakistan

Need to Build Heavy Industries
October 3, 1943
On the occasion oI a gathering on Id, organized by
the Memon Chamber oI Commerce, the Quaid said that:
'It was impossible to separate politics Irom
economics and social and educational liIe oI

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 274-275; See also Dawn, October 1, 1943.
55
a nation. One was so closely interwoven
with the others that every Muslim, man and
woman, should take the keenest interest in
politics. He knew oI no nation that had built
up its economic, social and educational liIe
without political power and authority vested
in the hands oI the people.
Emphasizing the need to build up heavy industries
the Quaid observed that although there were many rich
merchants in Muslim Chamber oI Commerce but non oI
them was running a heavy industry. He pointed out that:
'Great and heavy industries Iormed the backbone oI a
nation. A coordinated eIIort was essential Ior success
and disliked establishment oI sectarian Chambers oI
Commerce amongst Muslims.

~We are now impressing upon Great Britain to
divide and quit
On the occasion oI the 31
st
Session oI the All-India
Muslim League held at Karachi on December 24, 1943,
the Quaid delivered an extempore speech in English Ior
well hundred minutes wherein he revised the
achievements oI the All-India Muslim League during the
past years and said that the Muslims had made remarkable
progress. He remarked:

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 277; See also Civil & Military Cazette, October
3, 1943.
56
'You have shown not only to India, but to
the whole word, and Iully established, that
we are a nation and that we shall never rest
content until we seize the territory that
belongs to us and rule over it.
While addressing the Muslim youth the Quaid said
that 'I call upon every one oI you Ior patience, hard work,
steady progress Ior building up this great nation to which
we belong.
Quoting a reIerence Irom John Brights` speech
about the introduction oI Indian Bill delivered in 1858 in
the British Parliament on the occasion oI assumption oI
sovereignty over India by the British Queen, the Quaid
remarked that India was not a compact one state but was a
'country with its 20 diIIerent nations and 20 diIIerent
languages which could not be possible to bound up and
consolidate into one compact and enduring empire, which,
John Bright Ieared might lead to discord and anarchy
when the Britain withdrew Irom India.
The Quaid said that 'aIter 85 years we are now
impressing upon the successors to those great British
statesmen that the only honest way Ior Great Britain is to
divide and quit.
The Quaid continued:
'Unity can only be on the basis oI division oI
property and possession to the respective two nations, the
Hindus and the Musalmans.It will be the sacred, solemn
duty oI Pakistan and Hindustan to saIeguard, to protect, to
57
give a Iair and just deal to the minorities who would be
under two zones.

~Economic Position one of the
Strongest Pillars of a Nation
Replying to an Address presented to the Quaid by
the Karachi Muslim Chamber oI Commerce, on December
28, 1943 he advised the Muslim commercial community
to be up and doing and pointed out that:
'The economic position was one oI the
strongest pillars oI a nation. Great wars
between nations had been caused through
economic Iactors. The most powerIul and
stronger the Muslims become in the
economic sphere the sooner would they
achieve Pakistan.

~Work for the uplift of Muslim Masses
Karachi, Januarv 4, 1944
The Quaid while addressing a Iunction organized
by the Karachi Municipal Corporation Muslim League
party on January 4, 1944 said:

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 337, 338, 349; See also Civil & Military
Cazette, December 25, 1943; Dawn, December 26-27, 1943.
The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 360; See also Dawn, December 28, 1943; Civil &
Military Cazette, December 29, 1943
58
'Work Ior the upliIt oI Muslim masses in
every walk oI liIe. Raise your brethren
socially, economically and educationally
and walk together in true spirit oI
comradeships. I Ieel the spirit is growing
every day. The greater it grows, the brighter
are the chances Ior not only Sindhi Muslims
but also Ior the entire nation.

~United India is a British Creation, a very
dangerous myth-~Islam a practical
Code of Conduct
During a historic interview oI the Quaid with the
author oI the Iamous book titled: Jerdict on India,
Beverly Nichols on January 11, 1944 the Quaid was asked
a question as to 'how would you describe the vital
principle oI Pakistan? To this, the Quaid replied:
'In Iive words. The Muslims are a nation.
Then Beverly enquired 'When you say the
Muslims are a nation are you thinking in
terms oI religion? To this the Quaid
replied: 'Partly, but by no means
exclusively. I am thinking in terms oI liIe, oI
everything important in liIe. You must
remember that Islam is not merely a
religious doctrine but a realistic and

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 365; See also Dawn, January 5, 1944.
59
practical code of conduct. I am thinking in
terms oI our history, our heroes, our art, our
architecture, our music, our laws, our
jurisprudence.In all these things our
outlook is not only Iundamentally diIIerent
but oIten radically antagonistic to the
Hindus. We are diIIerent beings. There is
nothing in liIe which links us together. Our
names, our clothes, our Ioods they are all
diIIerent; our economic liIe, our educational
ideas, our treatment oI women, our attitude
to animals.we challenge each other at
every point oI the compass.
AIter a Iew more examples the Quaid enquired
Irom Nichols as to what had he written? To this he
replied:
'I have only written the Muslims are a
nation. 'And do you believe it? asked the
Quaid. To this Beverly replied: Yes, 'I do
believe that Muslims are a nation.
As to the question about economic condition
oI Muslims in Pakistan the Quaid gave a
very categorical answer saying that the
'great ideal (achievement oI Pakistan) rises
Iar above mere questions oI personal
comIort or temporary convenience. The
Muslims are a tough people, lean and hardy.
II Pakistan means that they will have to be a
60
little tougher, they will not complain. But
why should it mean that? What conceivable
reason is there to suppose that the giIt oI
nationality is going to be an economic
liability? A sovereign nation oI a hundred
million peopleeven iI they are not
immediately selI-supporting and even iI they
are industrially backwardis hardly likely
to be in a worse economic position than iI its
members are scattered and disorganized
under the dominance oI 250 million Hindus
whose one idea is to exploit them.
ThereaIter the Quaid reIerred to John Brights`
speech in the House oI Commons delivered on June 4,
1858 in which he had made a reIerence oI twenty diIIerent
nationalities and their twenty diIIerent languages. He
argued that 'what Bright said then is true today. In Iact, its
Iar more true-though oI course, the emphasis is not so
much on the 20 nationalities as on the 2, the Muslim and
Hindu.

~Pakistan pillars were educational, economic,
social and political
Bombav, Februarv 1, 1944
While addressing to the Bombay District Muslim
Students Federation on February 1, 1944 the Quaid

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 370, 371, 373; See also a chapter titled:
'Dialogue with a Ciant in Jerdict of India by Beverly Nichols, London, 1944,
pp. 189-194.
61
appealed to Muslim youth to give their best in the building
up the pillars upon which would rest the ediIice oI
Pakistan. He said that:
'The pillars were educational, economic,
social and political, and in their
construction, the Iirst three should have a
priority beIore they could tackle the political
problem. Hard work, industry and
perseverance should be the keynote oI
Muslim youths in their task ahead.
It was on this occasion that the Quaid said:
'No nation could ever successIully struggle
while they were being economically
dominated by another nation. Even a Iree
nation would be handicapped iI she was
economically weak.Hard work and
industry were essential and it would do good
not only to the individual but to the
community (nation) at large. No nation had
ever achieved anything without a struggle.

~Hammer the Government for your Rights
Delhi, Februarv 27, 1944
Replying to a Welcome Address presented by the
All India Railway Muslim Employee`s Association, on

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 376-378; See also Dawn, February 3, 1944;
Speeches and Writings of Mr. 1innah, Vol. 2, op.cit., pp. 575-578.
62
February 27, 1944 at Delhi, the Quaid stressed upon the
Muslims to continue to hammer the government Ior their
rights. He IorceIully said that:
'The Muslim nation`s grievances can be
solved only through the establishment oI
Pakistan.

~If British Government is sincere in its desire for
peace, it should divide India into
two sovereign states
During the course oI an interview with Mr. Stewert
Emey, the representative oI Aews Chronicle, London, the
Quaid in reply to a question regarding the solution oI
Indian problem said:
'II the British is sincere in its desire Ior
peace in India it should now Irame a new
constitution dividing India into two
sovereign nationsPakistan Ior Muslims
representing one-quarter oI country, and
Hindustan Ior Hindus, who would have
three-quarters oI all India.

In reply to another question the Quaid pointed out
that Iorced unity oI Hindus and Muslims would lead to
uncertainty in India. He believed that Pakistan with 70 to

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 387; See also Dawn, February 28, 1944.
63
80 millions equal to twice the population oI Great Britain
was certainly strong enough to march alone. The Quaid
observed that:
'Britain has Ior years tried to establish India
as a united nation and all its eIIorts have
Iailed. Now Britain must reconcile herselI to
the idea oI an India consisting oI two
nations.
Yet in another reply to a question oI Mr. Stewart
Emay, the Quaid said that in the event oI new constitution
and creation oI a separate country 'the two Indian
nations would enter into treaties with British, just as
Egypt did when she won her independence.
In reply to the question that what would be the
situation iI 'British reIused to leave India on the ground
that relations between Hindustan and Pakistan were not
good enough to live as neighbours the Quaid observed
that it might happen but was not likely to happen. He,
however, said that:
'Even so we should enjoy a degree oI
autonomy which we do not posses today. As
a separate nation and dominion, we should
at least be in a better position to deal with
and possibly to reach an agreement with the
British government which we are not able to
do during the present deadlock.

64
While concluding his argument with regard to
British intentions oI giving Ireedom to Hindus and
Muslims the Quaid remarked:
'How long does England propose to govern
India? Does any man with the smallest
glimmering oI commonsense believe that so
great a country with its 20 diIIerent nations
and its 20 languages, can ever be bound up
and consolidated into one compact and
enduring empire?

~Seven Year`s struggle of Muslim League had
raised Musalmans to a Nation
On the occasion oI a Luncheon in the Quaid`s
honour by Sir Zia-ud-Din, the Vice-Chancellor oI the
Muslim University, Aligarh, he proposed the toast oI
Quaid-i-Azam saying Quaid-i-Azam is Muslim India`,
and no solution oI the constitutional problem oI India
could be Iound without the consent oI the Muslim League.
Responding to the toast, the Quaid remarked that:
'It was a Iact that there were two parties-
Congress and the British Government when
they started their organizational activities.
But thank God through the eIIorts oI their
workers including the Vice-Chancellor they

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 391, 392, 393, 394; See also Speeches and
Writings of Mr. 1innah, Vol. 1, op.cit., pp. 582-586.
65
had made every Musalman conscious oI his
position and the seven year`s struggle oI the
Muslim League had raised the Musalmans to
the position oI a nation whose voice was
heard not only in India, but all over the
world. Pakistan was not the product oI the
conduct or misconduct oI Hindus. It has
always been there, only they were not
conscious oI it. Hindus and Muslims though
living in the same towns and villages had
never been blended into one nation, they
were always two separate entities.
Throughout the ages Hindus had remained
Hindus and Muslims had remained Muslims
and they had not merged their entitiesthat
was the basis Ior Pakistan.

Earlier the Quaid beautiIully tracing the history oI
the beginning oI Islam in India proved that:
'Pakistan started the moment the Iirst non-
Muslim was converted to Islam in India long
beIore the Muslims established their rule. As
soon as a Hindu embraced Islam he was
outcast not only religiously but also socially,
culturally and economically. As Ior the
Muslim, it was a duty imposed on him by
66
Islam not to merge his identity and
individuality in any alien society.

~You must now concentrate more on Social,
Educational and Economic uplift of our
Great Nation
Commenting Ior the Iirst time upon the Viceroy
Lord Wavell`s speech in the Central Assembly delivered
on February 17, 1944 in which the Viceroy had observed
'that two communities and even two nations can make
arrangements to live together in spite oI diIIering cultures
or religions, history provides many examples.no man
can alter geography, the Quaid remarked:
'The address oI the Viceroy was
provocative and thoughtless oI Muslim
position.his conception oI unity can only
be interpreted a clear indication how best to
maintain and continue the British occupation
and its imperialist stronghold over India.oI
course he has disregarded the demands oI
Muslim Indiamay be has gone out oI his
way to placate the Pundits oI Akhand
Hindustan.
The Quaid said that the surest way to win the war
was to concede the Pakistan demand which meant

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 396, 397; See also Dawn, March 30, 1944.
67
Ireedom both Ior Hindus and Muslims. He emphatically
declared:
'Division oI India is inevitable. Blending
two nationsHindus and Musalmansis
an impossibility and Pakistan is a certainty.
It is Iutile and unwise now to obstruct or
delay its establishment.

Under the auspices oI the University Union,
Aligarh, a mammoth gathering oI Muslim students was
held on March 10, 1944 when the Quaid in his
Presidential Address gave a brieI resume oI the Leagues`
achievements saying that:
'During the Iirst three years there were no
tangible results to show. Some people
treated us with indiIIerence, some laughed at
us and some actually opposed us, but we
kept on struggling against all odds and
handicaps. But now, he could say without
exaggeration that they had reached a stage
through patience, perseverance,
determination and sustained eIIort on which
they could congratulate themselves.
'We claim that the Muslim League is the
authoritative and representative organization
oI Muslim India. This claim imposed on
them a sacred obligation to make the
68
Muslims oI India as great a nation in the
Iuture as they were in the past.

~Try to raise the status of our Nation
While addressing a largely attended gathering oI
Muslim University Muslim League, Aligarh, at Strachey
Hall, Mr. Shakir Hussain Khan, president oI the Iunction
gave a resume oI the solid work done by the League. He
reIerred to the Viceroy`s speech oI February 17, 1944,
with regard to geographical unity oI India which was
entirely Ialse. Mr. Shakir Hussain remarked that:
'For Iourteen centuries the Muslims had
been the makers oI history and not slaves to
geography. Pakistan is an expression oI the
awakened soul and consciousness oI the
Muslim nation.
The Quaid in reply to the Welcome Address
appreciated the work done by the students. He exhorted
them to attend to Commerce and Industry instead oI doing
simple BAs and MAs. He laid stress on inclusion oI
Muslim women in political struggle oI the All-India
Muslim League. He remarked that:
'Another very important matter which I
wish to impress on you is this that no nation

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 398, 399, 401; See also Dawn, March 11, 1944;
Civil & Military Cazette, March 12, 1944.
69
can rise to the height oI glory unless your
women are side by side with you.Let us try
to raise the status oI our women according to
our own Islamic ideals and standards.you
should take your women along with you as
comrades in every sphere oI liIe avoiding
the corrupt practice oI western society.

~Our bedrock and Sheet Anchor is Islam
While addressing the students on the occasion oI
the annual session oI the Punjab Muslim Students
Federation held at Lahore on March 20, 1944, the Quaid
said that:
'Our backrock and sheet anchor is Islam.
There is no question even oI Shias and
Sunnis. We are one and we must move into
nation as one and then alone shall we be
able to retain Pakistan.

It was on this occasion that the Quaid warned the
communists and warned them 'to keep their hands oII the
Muslims. They did not want any Ilag other than the
League Ilag and Islam was their guide and the complete
code Ior their liIe. They did not want any isms`.

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 411, 414.
70
~With Faith in our Heart, Unity in our Camp and
Discipline in our Rank, I am confident of Success
On the occasion oI the 4
th
Pakistan Day` to be
observed on March 23, 1944, the Quaid in his message to
the nation observed:
'This is the Iourth year since we passed our
Pakistan Resolution on March 23, 1940, and
this golden day has been ever since observed
every year by the Muslim nation all over
this subcontinent. I have no doubt that this
year it will be observed enthusiastically and
wholeheartedly as in the past.Our goal is
clearly indicated in the Lahore Resolution oI
the All-India Muslim League. It is the only
solution oI the political problem oI India,
and it is a proposal that will bring universal
peace. It will make the two major nations
in this country happier, in that direction lies
the achievement oI Ireedom oI both
Hindus and Musalmans.We have achieved
a big step and have created a vigorous
consciousness oI national unity. Let us go
Iorward Iull oI hope Ior the coming year
with Iaith in our heart, unity in our camp,
discipline in our rank and I am conIident oI
71
our success and we shall without doubt
realize our goal oI Pakistan.

~No Nation can do anything great unless it takes
its Womanhood side by side with it
Replying to an Address oI Welcome presented by
the students oI the Islamia Collage Ior Women, Lahore,
the Quaid observed:
'Evil customs sometimes get a Ialse stand in
the name oI religion and creep into the
society, particularly so when the nation is
slave. It must be now our duty to see that
these customs are rectiIied.nothing gives
me more pleasure than when I see that
Muslims are being educated. Only through
proper education can a nation thrive. We
must also put emphasis on education oI
Muslim women because no nation can do
anything great unless it takes its womanhood
side by side with it towards the path oI
progress.

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 432-433; See also Dawn, March 23, 1944; Civil
& Military Cazette, March 23, 1944.
The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 444; See also Star of India, March 30, 1944.
72
~Rajaji Formula has not only put Lahore
Resolution out of shape but mutilated it-I have
failed in coverting Mr. Gandhi
The Quaid-i-Azam and Mr. M.K. Gandhi had a
series oI 14 talks ranging between 9
th
to 27
th
September,
1944, on the issue oI Hindu-Muslim question (Two
Nation-Theory) and constitutional crisis in India with
special reIerence to the Lahore Resolution. In September
1944, the Quaid and Mr. Gandhi also exchanged letters
which were released to the press on September 27, 1944.
When the talks between them ended on September 27, the
Quaid in a brieI statement said:
'I regret to say that I have Iailed in my task
oI converting Mr. Gandhi. We have,
thereIore, decided to release to the press the
correspondence that has passed on between
us.
In one oI his letters dated September 10, 1944 the
Quaid while discussing Hindu-Muslim question very
clearly wrote that:
'I think you will realize and will admit that
the settlement oI the Hindu-Muslim question
is the permanent and the major hurdle and
unless the representatives oI these two
73
nations put their heads together, how is one
to make any headway with it?

In one oI his letter dated September 15, 1944 Mr.
M.K. Gandhi dealt with the issue oI Two-Nation Theory.
He cunningly wrote:
'We must admit that the Resolution itselI
makes no reIerence to the two nations
theory. In the course oI our discussions you
have passionately pleaded that India
contains two nations, Hindus and Muslims
and that the latter have their homelands in
India as the Iormer have theirs.I Iind no
parallel in history Ior a body oI converts and
their descendants claiming to be a nation
apart Irom the present issue. II India was
one nation beIore the advent oI Islam it
must remain one in spite oI the change oI
Iaith oI a very large body oI her children.
You do not claim to be a separate nation by
right oI conquest but by reason oI
acceptance oI Islam. Will the two nations
become one iI the whole oI India accepted
Islam?...you seem to have introduced a new
test oI nationhood. II I accept it, I would

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 611, 612, 614; See also Dawn, September 28-
29, 1944.
74
have to subscribe to many more claims and
Iace an unsolvable problem.
'The only real though awIul test oI our nationhood
arises out oI our political subjection. II you and I throw
oII this subjection by our combined eIIorts we shall be
born a politically Iree nation out oI our travail.
In one oI his reply to Mr. Gandhi on September 17,
1944 the Quaid wrote:
'The third paragraph oI your letter is not
seeking clariIication but a disquisition and
expression oI your views on the point
whether the Musalmans are a nation. There
is a great deal oI discussion and literature on
this point which is available, and it is Ior
you to judge, Iinally, when you have studied
this question thoroughly, whether the
Musalmans and Hindus are two major
nations in this subcontinent.
'We maintain and hold that Muslims and
Hindus are two major nations by any
definitions or test of a nation. We are a
nation of hundred million, and what is
more, we are a nation with our own
distinctive culture and civilization,
language and literature, art and
architecture, names and nomenclature,
sense of value and proportion, legal laws
and moral codes, customs and calendar,
75
history and traditions, aptitudes and
ambitions. In short we have our own
distinctive outlook of life. By all canons of
international law we are a nation.
In the same letter oI 17
th
September, the Quaid
while answering Gandhi`s second letter oI 15
th
September
took up queries one by one and replied to query no. 3 as
Iollows:
'This point is covered by my answer that the
Musalmans oI India are a nation.
Gandhi`s question was:
'What is it that distinguishes an Indian
Muslim Irom every other Indian, iI not his
religion? Is he diIIerent Irom a Turk or an
Arab?
ClariIying the spirit oI the Pakistan Resolution, the
Quaid while convincing M.K. Gandhi in the same letter
under reIerence wrote:
'I am trying to persuade you and to convert
you that this is the road which will lead us
all to the achievement oI Ireedom and
independence not only oI the two major
nations, Hindus and Muslims but oI the rest
oI the peoples oI India.I am convinced that
the true welIare not only oI the Muslims but
the rest oI India lies in the division oI India
as proposed by the Lahore Resolution.
76
On September 19, 1944 M.K. Gandhi in his reply
to the Quaid`s above letter expressed his dissatisIaction
over the letter and spirit oI the Lahore Resolution and also
disagreed to accept Musalmnas as a separate nation. 'Can
we not agree wrote Gandhi 'to diIIer on the question oI
~two-nations and yet solve the problem on the basis oI
selI-determination? It is this basis that has brought me to
you.
The Quaid on September 21, 1944 recalled a
reIerence oI Gandhi`s letter oI 11
th
September in which
the Iormer had admitted that in outlook, an ocean
separated both oI them i.e., the Hindus and Muslims.
While replying to the enquiry oI Mr. Gandhi, the
Quaid very clearly answered:
'I have absolutely given you all the
clariIications you require so Iar as the
Lahore Resolution goes and its text is
concerned. You again raise Iurther
arguments, reasons and grounds and
continue to persist in a disquisition on the
point, amongst others, whether Muslims oI
India are a nation, and then you proceed
Iurther to say: 'Can we not agree to diIIer
on the question oI two nations and yet solve
the problem on the basis oI selI-
determination? It seems to me that you are
labouring under some misconception oI the
real meaning oI the word selI-
determination`.can you not appreciate our
77
point oI view that we claim the right oI selI-
determination as a nation and not as a
territorial unit and that we are entitled to
exercise our inherent right as a Muslim
nation which is our birthright? Whereas you
are labouring under the wrong idea that
selI-determination` means only that oI a
territorial unit`.Ours is a case oI division
and carving out two independent sovereign
states by way oI settlement between two
major nations, Hindus and Muslims, and
not oI severance or recession Irom any
existing union which is not existing in India.
The right oI selI-determination which we
claim postulates that we are a nation and as
such it would be the selI-determination oI
the Musalmans and they alone are entitled to
exercise that right.
On September 22, 1944 Mr. Gandhi, in his reply to
the Quaid`s letter oI 21
st
September, 1944 wrote that:
'I think I see somewhat clearly what you are
driving at. The more I think about the two
nations theory, the more alarming it
appears to me.I am unable to accept the
proposition that the Muslims oI India are a
nation distinct Irom the rest oI the
inhabitants oI India. Mere assertion is no
prooI. The consequences oI accepting such a
78
proposition are dangerous in the extreme.
Once the principle is admitted there would
be no limit to claims Ior cutting up India
into numerous divisions which would spell
India`s ruin. I have thereIore suggested a
way out. Let it be a partition as between two
bothers, iI a division there must be.
On September 24, 1944 M.K. Gandhi in his letter
to the Quaid wrote:
'I proceed on the assumption that India is
not to be regarded as two or more nations
but as one Iamily consisting oI many
members oI whom the Muslims living in the
north-west zone, i.e., Baluchistan, Sind,
North-West Frontier Province and that oI
Punjab where they are in absolute majority
over all the other elements and in parts oI
Bengal and Assam where they are in
absolute majority, desire to live in
separation Irom the rest oI India. DiIIering
Irom you on the general basis I can yet
recommend to the Congress and the country
the acceptance oI the claim Ior separation
contained in the Muslims League Resolution
oI Lahore by 1940 on my basis.
The Quaid in his reply on September 25, 1944
observed that:
79
'You have already rejected the basis and
Iundamental principles oI the Lahore
Resolution.
i) You do not accept the Musalmans oI India
as a nation.
ii) You do not accept that the Musalmans have
an inherent right oI selI-determination.
iii)You do not accept that they alone are
certiIied to exercise this right oI theirs Ior
selI-determination.You will, thereIore, see
that the entire basis oI your new proposal is
Iundamentally opposed to the Lahore
Resolution.

It mav be concluded that M.K. Gandhi refused to
accept the Musalmans as a separate nation and, also,
declined to accept the spirit of the Lahore Resolution.
Hence the talks between Gandhi and the Quaid ended in
fiasco.

~Gandhi`s assertions ~disingenuous, torturous and
cooked-He ~has again made an attempt to
discredit the Muslim League and disrupt the
Musalmans.
Bombav, October 4, 1944
At a Press ConIerence, the Quaid surveyed his talks
and correspondence with M.K. Gandhi and turned

80
Gandhi`s assertions as 'disingenuous, torturous and
cooked. 'He has said the Quaid:
'Made an attempt to discredit the Muslim
League and disrupt the Musalmans Ior he
knows that is not true.Mr. Gandhi perhaps
under provocation, again asserted that he has
never admitted the claim oI the Muslim
League as the only authoritative
organization oI the Musalmans, and darkly
hinted that there are other Muslim
organizations with a large body oI Muslim
opinion behind them who do not see eye to
eye with the League and do not support the
two-nation theory.OI course, no nation
can attain absolute and complete unanimity
cent per cent.
'In one breath Mr. Gandhi agrees to the
principle oI division and in the next he
makes proposals which go to destroy the
very Ioundation on which the division is
claimed by Muslim India. On the one hand
he wants a League-Congress agreement and
on the other he denies its representative
character and authority to speak on behalI oI
the Musalmans oI India. Mr. Gandhi is an
enigma.
While replying to various questions oI the press
correspondents the Quaid dwelt with the letter and spirit
81
oI the Lahore Resolution and at one occasion elaborating
his point oI view with regard to demarcating or deIining
the boundaries oI Pakistan and Hindustan he made it clear
that:
'II we agree on the Iundamentals oI the
Lahore Resolution then the question oI
demarcating or deIining the boundaries can
be taken up later in the same way as a
question oI boundaries arising between two
nations and solved. It will be like one
government negotiating with the other and,
arrive at a settlement.
At one stage, during the course oI the same Press
ConIerence, the Quaid while explaining a point observed:
'.two sovereign states would deal with
questions oI mutual and natural relations and
obligations by virtue oI the physical
contiguity and they would then as two
independent sovereign statestwo
nationswould come to an agreement on
various matters.There are things that can
be adjusted. Agreements and treaties are
entered into even between two countries that
have no physical contiguity. Here the two
nations are neighbours and have physical
continuity.

82
~Two Nations Confronting Each Other
The Quaid denied in a statement issued Irom
Bombay on October 19, 1944 that he had never given any
interview to Mr. Edward Thompson in 1939 wherein he
had made a reIerence to the two major nations oI India
who were at loggerheads with each other. The Quaid said:
'There is absolutely no truth that I gave any
such interview, nor did ever say what is now
attributed to me namely: Two nations
conIronting each other in every province,
ever town, every villagethat is the only
solution. That is a terrible solution, but it is
the only one.

~Muslims should be Commercially Conscious
While addressing the Bombay Muslim Chamber oI
Commerce, the Quaid exhorted Muslims to work Ior their
legitimate rights and build up their educational, social and
economic liIe. This would be very helpIul in the political
Iield.Other nation-building aspects achieved the
awakening oI the students and youth sections. The Quaid
said that Students should have political consciousness
and also made a reIerence to the womenIolk which he

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, p. 664; See also Civil & Military Cazette, October
20, 1944.
83
observed was important and powerIul Iactor towards
nation-building.

~Let Muslims follow Hazrat Ibrahim ~and prepare
for any Sacrifice required for their nation
New Delhi, November 27, 1944
While speaking at a public Id reception under the
auspices oI the Muslim Association held at Qarol Bagh,
New Delhi, the Quaid observed:
'Every nation, once in its liIe, has a Iall,
which consequently is Iollowed by a rise.
Muslims in India had been a Iallen nation
Ior the last 200 years. Now they have
realized it and want to emerge a powerIul
nation.

Earlier the Quaid said:
'The annual sacriIice oI Id-uz-Zauha
reminds us oI the great sacriIice by Hazrat
Ibrahim, who did not hesitate to sacriIice his
own son, Hazrat Ismail, in the way oI God.
Hazrat Ibrahim has set an example in human
history. Let Muslim Iollow him and prepare

The Nations Joice, Vol. III, pp. 670-671; See also Dawn, October 30, 1944.
Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali 1innah: 1he Aations Joice, Vol. IV; 1owards
the Popular Jerdict; Annotated Speeches; Statements and Interviews, Edited
by: Waheed Ahmad, November 1944-April 1946; Quaid-i-Azam Academy,
Karachi, 2000; See also Dawn, November 29, 1944.
84
Ior any sacriIice that may be required Ior
their nation.

~Economic Position strongest Pillars of a Nation
Replying to an Address oI Welcome presented to
him by the Karachi Muslim Chamber oI Commerce, the
Quaid laid stress on strong economic condition oI Muslim
India. AIter advising the Muslim commercial community
to be up and doing, the Quaid said that:
'The economic position was one oI the
strongest pillars oI a nation. Great wars
between nations had been caused through
economic Iactors. The more powerIul and
stronger the Muslims become in the
economic sphere the sooner would they
achieve Pakistan. You have got in the
Pakistan areas an enormous Iield and
enormous scope iI you only look around; iI
only you will see them properly and seize
them.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 13.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 30; See also Speeches and Writings of Mr.
1innah, op.cit., Vol. II, pp. 155-156.
85
~Service of Manshoor rendered to Muslims and
Muslim League are Considerable
Delhi, December 25, 1944
On the occasion oI launching oI daily Manshoor
Irom Delhi (previously a Weekly) on December 25, 1944,
the Quaid in his message to the paper said:
'I hope that it will continue its task oI
serving the Muslim public and educating
their national cause with redoubled vigour.
Being now a daily its scope will be
considerably increased. I am conIident that
it will not Iail in its duties to the Muslim
nation

Pleads for ~abolition of distinction of Khojas,
Bohris and Memons and Unification of them all
into one nation
While addressing the gathering at Khoja Girls`
Orphanage, Bombay, the Quaid dealt on the utility oI
home training Ior girls and exhorted the Khoja community
to abandon their time-old prejudices against such
institutions as the orphanage. The Quaid pleaded Ior the
abolition oI such distinctions as Khojas, Bohris and

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 31; See also Dawn, December 26, 1944.
86
Memons and urged the uniIication oI them all into one
Muslim nation.

~We look to our Young men to serve the
Muslim Nation
On the occasion oI the seventh session oI the All-
India Muslim Students Federation, the Quaid due to
illness could not attend this session and, instead, sent a
message to the organizers oI the Iunction saying:
'I am with the session with all the heart and
spirit and wish the ConIerence a grand
success. Hard and sustained eIIort, discipline,
unity and Iaith-qualities oI Iirst degree are
required. Then qualiIy yourselves and
exercise every nerve to achieve Pakistan. We
look to our young men to serve the Muslim
nation seriously and loyally.

~Pakistan is our Irrevocable and Unalterable
National Demand
In a 'Pakistan Day message, the Quaid said:
'Today is the IiIth anniversary oI our
solemn declaration that was made in the

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 53-54.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 72-73; See also Dawn, March 4, 1945.
87
open session oI the All-India Muslim
League at Lahore on March 23, 1940,
deIining once Ior all our national goal oI
Pakistan. This is our irrevocable and
unalterable national demand.II we Iail, we
perish, and there will be no sign or symptom
oI Muslims or Islam leIt in this
subcontinent.I appeal again on this our
national day to organize ourselves in every
department oI liIe.I thereIore, most
Iervently appeal to you that on this national
day reaIIirm your solemn declaration Ior
Pakistan.and take a solemn oath that you
would not Ialter or Iail to make all sacriIices
Ior the establishment and achievement oI
our national goal oI Pakistan.

~Sapru Conciliation Committee is Nothing but the
Handmaid of the Congress
While commenting on the press report with regard
to a cable sent by the so-called Sapru Reconciliation
Committee to Lord Wavell, the Quaid observed that:
'They are nothing but the handmaids oI the
Congress and have played and are playing to
the tune oI Mr. Gandhi.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 74-76; See also Dawn, March 23, 1945; Civil &
Military Cazette, March 24, 1945.
88
As to the proposals conveyed to the Viceroy Lord
Wavell, the Quaid said that two alternatives have been
oIIered and, iI either oI them was accepted then:
'The Muslim aspirations and their national
demand oI Pakistan would be torpedoed by
this subtle and Ilanking moment.The
question oI Pakistan is the Iirst and the
Ioremost issue to be decided.Any attempt
to militate against, prejudice or torpedo the
Pakistan demand directly or indirectly iI
countenanced by the British government
will be at the sacriIice and betrayal oI the
100 million Musalmans in this land.
I am conIident that having regard to the
solemn declarations oI His Majesty`s
Government and the pledges and assurances
given to the Muslims they will not go back
as an honourable nation, and coerce the
Musalmans or Iorce or impose upon them a
constitution against their will and without
their approval and consent.

~We must educate the Muslim Nation
Matharan, Mav 20, 1945
The Quaid called upon the Muslims oI India to
make redoubled eIIorts to remove the educational

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 79-80; See also Dawn, April 3, 1945; Civil &
89
backwardness oI the Muslim community. While
addressing the Matheran Muslim School prize distribution
ceremony the Quaid said that:
'Education was the very basis oI a stable
national existence. On it depended the
Iuture oI a nation, and without
enlightenmenteverything would be dark.
He emphasized that 'we must educate the
Muslim nation and iI we have a band oI
talented and eIIicient educators, I am certain
that they will even against odds, Iind their
due place.
In the same gathering while addressing the wealthy
members oI the community the Quaid said:
'You have made Iortunes. You do not mind
paying taxes to the government. I want you
to loosen your purses Ior the nation. You
must stand by your people.
The Quaid added that:
'Now his only vocation or proIession in liIe
was to enquire, whereever he went, into the
conditions oI the Muslims and to rouse them
to the need Ior national improvement. He
called upon the Muslims to build up their
nation and to work Ior it.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 88, 89; See also Dawn, May 22, 1945.
90
~No nation can maintain its free existence so long
as its organization is corrupt and discipline weak
Lahore, Mav 24, 1945
In a message to Mr. Ahmed Nawaz Khan, Aazim-i
Ala Muslim League National Guards, the Quaid said that:
'Muslim India should know by now that
Pakistan can be achieved only by our own
inherent strength, the strength oI our unity,
organization, discipline and character. It is
the attainment and development oI these
qualities which makes a nation healthy and
strong. No nation can ever be Iree or
maintain its Iree existence, so long as its
organization is corrupt, when its discipline is
weak and when the people are demoralized.

~Only one course open to Musalmans-~To fight
for Pakistan, to live for Pakistan
Matheran, June 12, 1945
In a message to the Frontier Muslim Students
Federation, the Quaid while congratulating the students
Ior holding their annual conIerence at Peshawar, said that:
'We have undertaken the task not only oI
training the Muslim nation and liIting it up
Irom its degraded and Iallen position not

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 90; See also Eastern 1imes, Lahore, May 24,
1945.
91
merely by slogans and catchwords, but Ior
us the task that presents itselI to us, is a
national reconstruction oI our people, not
moulding but remoulding and
revolutionarizing the Muslim nation in this
subcontinent by building up the character oI
our people and thus qualiIy them and make
them worthy to Iace all emergencies and
diIIiculties that we may have to Iace.
'I have oIten made it clear that iI the
Musalmans wish to live as honourbale and
Iree people, there is only one course upon to
them, to Iight Ior Pakistan, to live Ior
Pakistan and, iI necessary, to die Ior the
achievement oI Pakistan, or else, Muslims
and Islam will be doomed. In the end there
is no royal road Ior any nation but there is
one and only one course upon to us, to
organize our nation and it is only by our
dint oI arduous and sustained determined
eIIorts that we can create the strength and
the support oI our people to not only achieve
our Ireedom and independence but be able
to maintain it and live according to Islamic
ideals and principles. Pakistan not only
means Ireedom and independence but
Islamic ideology which has to be preserved,
which has come to us as a precious giIt and
a treasure, which, we hope, others will share
92
with us. In the regeneration and
reconstruction oI the Muslim nation the
young men must necessarily and will play
an important part and my hopes and
expectations are centered on the coming
generation such as the members oI your
Federation.

~Nothing will make me accept any proposal
against our goal of Pakistan
Simla, Julv 9, 1945
While addressing an aIternoon reception arranged
in his honour by the Simla District Muslim League, the
Quaid IorceIully said that:
'Nothing on this earth will make me accept
any proposal which I think is detrimental to
the Muslim interest. Nothing will make me
accept any proposal or scheme which I think
is likely to prejudge, prejudice or militate
against our goal oI Pakistan.

While dealing with the question oI handIul
Muslims who were playing into the hands oI opponents
the Quaid remarked that the entire Muslim community
was behind the All-India Muslim League who was the

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 99-100; See also Dawn, June 19, 1945; Quaid-i-
Azam Papers, Islamabad, F/1020, /6-7.(HereaIter called as QAP)
93
only authoritative representative organization oI Muslim
India. He observed that:
'We have reached the Iirst stage oI our
journey. We Muslims were a crowd beIore
but today there is no doubt whatever that we
are a nation under one Ilag, one platIorm
and with a deIinite goal oI Pakistan.
'What does Pakistan mean? It means that in
this subcontinent where we are in a majority
we are determined to establish our national
state.
In his address oI Welcome Mr. Zakaullah,
President oI the Simla District Muslim League assured the
Quaid that the Musalmans were prepared to sacriIice their
all Ior the cause oI their nation iI and when they were
ordered by the Quaid. As regards a Iew renegades,
reactionaries or quislings, who were singing to the tune oI
their masters (Hindus) 'cannot deter the millat (nation)
Irom marching Iorward under your inspiring guidance and
leadership until it has achieved its ideal.

~We are not a minority but a nation
Simla, Julv 14, 1945
During the course oI a Press ConIerence on July
14, 1945 on the occasion oI the Simla ConIerence, the

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 169, 170, 171, 173; See also Dawn, July 10,
1945.
94
Quaid while surveying the Hindu mindset and the British
policy, declared that Muslims would never accept any
provisional arrangement unless which does not honour the
Muslims right oI selI-determination as enunciated in the
historic Lahore Resolution oI March 1940. He said that:
'This was condition precedent No. 1 to our
considering any provisional arrangements.
Condition No. 2 was that we are not a
minority but a nation and we can only
enter with a provisional arrangement having
regard to the necessities and exigencies oI
the moment created by the war and that in
any arrangement we claimed equal number
in the proposed Executive Council. The
Wavell proposal set at naughtboth these
conditions and called upon us to make the
several sacriIices.

Simla Conference-~Mr. Gandhi is an Enigma
While commenting on the working oI the Simla
ConIerence, the Quaid termed Mr. Gandhi as an enigma
and criticized the Hindu Congress policy to bypass and
humiliate the Muslim League. He said that:
'There are only two major parties in this
country, and Lord Wavell`s broadcast was

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 179; See also Civil & Military Cazette, July 14,
1945; Dawn, July 16, 1945.
95
the very conception oI it. Invitations issued
to Mr. Gandhi and myselI were on the basis
that Mr. Gandhi was the recognized leader
oI one oI the parties and myselI the leader oI
the other. The British called them parties,
but in Iact they were two major nations.
There is no doubt that other minorities must
be assured oI saIeguards, but that is not the
case with the ten crores oI Muslims who
happen to be a majority in the north-western
and north-eastern zones where they want to
establish Pakistan.

~This is a Nation without any Territory or any
Government
While addressing a large gathering oI Muslims who
had assembled to present a purse and donations Ior the
Election Fund, the Quaid said that:
'The Hindus will do their best to disrupt the
Muslims to divide, to corrupt, mislead and
misguide and bamboozle them.
Continuing the Quaid Iurther said:
'II you have understood and iI my words
can reach Muslim India you will realize that

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 195; See also Dawn, August 8, 1945; Civil &
Military Cazette, August 8, 1945.
96
the enemy is at the gate. We cannot aIIord to
indulge in our diIIerences at this moment.
We must close our ranks and stand solidly
and united as one nation. Then you will
vindicate not only your national character
but your national claim.
The Quaid Iurther said that the Muslims in India
were ten crores with their past history and glory. They will
in due course oI time, chalk out their domestic
programmes and policies but beIore that they should get
the government and remarked that:
'This is a nation without any territory or
any government.

~Vote for your National Demand of Pakistan
Karachi, September 6, 1945
In a Press ConIerence called at Karachi on
September 6, 1945, the Quaid dwelt on the subject oI
coming general elections and exhorted to Muslims to
vote Ior the League candidates. He said that this was one
oI the tests by which Muslim India can prove that it was
solidly and determinedly in Iavour oI Pakistan. He
observed that:
'This verdict will leave its Iar-reaching
signiIicance and eIIect regarding not only

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 206, 207; See also Dawn, August 13, 1945;
Civil & Military Cazette, August 14, 1945.
97
the national character oI the position and
the status oI the All-India Muslim League
but with regard to our national demand oI
Pakistan, Ior which we are, man, woman and
child, struggling and have worked hard all
these years.

~Trade and Education were the two pillars of a
Nation
While replying to an Address presented to him by
the Punjabi Hides and Skins Merchant`s Association on
September 8, 1945 at Karachi, the Quaid thanked the
Association Ior presenting him a purse oI ten thousand
rupees Ior elections. The Quaid reIerred to the eIIorts oI
the Muslims to organize the Chambers oI Commerce in
diIIerent provinces. He said that:
'Trade and education were the two pillars oI
a nation. He emphasized the need Ior unity,
organization and propaganda which he said
was essential iI the Muslims were to make
any headway.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 220-221; See also Dawn, September 7, 1945;
QAP., F-1104/285-287.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 223; See also Dawn, September 9, 1945.
98
~I appeal to every Musalman to concentrate on
forthcoming Elections
In his Eid message to the Muslims the Quaid said
that:
'We maintain that the right oI selI-
determination oI Musalmans is their birth
right.We should be Iree to establish
Pakistan in our homelands where the
Musalmans are dominant.The elections
will be Iought on the issue oI Pakistan or
Akhand Hindustan.I hope the Musalmans
will stand solid and united and indicate our
national character and demand and maintain
the honour and prestige oI the Muslim
League that has served Muslim India Ior the
last seven years.
'I appeal to every Muslim to concentrate
every ounce oI energy on the Iorthcoming
elections and demonstrate to the world that
we are an organized and disciplined
nation. No sacriIice should be considered
too great Ior the achievement oI this object.
I thereIore urge upon every Musalman that
he should be prepared to suIIer and sacriIice
all, iI need be, his individual interest,
continence and ambition Ior collective good
and Ior other national cause at this critical
99
juncture.the time is not Iar oII when we
shall celebrate our Id in a Iree and
independent Pakistan.

~Educate your people, no Nation can make
progress without it
Mastung Kalat, October 7, 1945
The Quiad, who was staying at Mastung, Kalat, as
the guest oI the Khan oI Kalat, addressed a ConIerence oI
Muslim students oI Ahmadyar High School, Mastung and
stressed the need Ior education. He said:
'My advice to you is that you should
educate your peoples, and no nation can
ever make any progress without it. But I am
glad that Muslims are awake and up and
doing all over India and even a remote town
like Mastung is awake and every Muslim
now realizes that he must play his part in the
national struggle.

~Note for League to enhance the prestige of the
Nation-~only support the League Candidate
Karachi, October 25, 1945
Addressing a large number oI people at Lyari,
Karachi, on October 25, 1945 the Quaid strongly reIuted

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 226, 227; See also Dawn, September 11, 1945;
QAP.F-1104/288-291.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 243, 244; See also Dawn, October, 1945.
100
the propaganda that the League was an organization oI
Nawabs and title holders. He said that:
'It is a lie. It is true that there are a Iew
Nawabs and Khan Bahadurs in the
organization butthe Muslim League is
mainly and wholly the people`s organization
oI the Musalamans. Its key is in the hands oI
the poor and workers oI the Muslim
nation.

While deIining Pakistan area, the Quaid remarked
that as Hindus wanted Swaraj in Hindustan, Muslims
desired to rule in Pakistan. He argued as to why anybody
should object to Pakistanthe natural and legitimate
demand oI the Muslim nation. He Iurther said that iI
Hindus gave up their desire to make the Muslims their
slaves, 'the Hindus and the Muslim nation together could
achieve Ireedom Ior both at the quickest possible time.

A Crucial Test
On the same occasion, during his Address at Lyari,
on October 25, 1944, Karachi, the Quaid said that:
'The only way to enhance the prestige oI
your nation, is to vote Ior the League. The
coming elections are a crucial test oI your
struggle. The eyes oI the world are on us.
Stand Iirm and united and be on your guard
against traitors and black sheep. No doubt
101
people will come to you and enumerate their
so-called services to you and the nation and
beg your vote Ior them but your only
standard to judge them should be whether
they have been given the League ticket. Tell
them, however high their position may be, in
their very Iace that you can`t betray your
nation and that you will vote Ior the
League.

~All Muslims men, women and children were behind
Muslim League
Ahmedabad, October 27, 1945
While addressing a large gathering oI Muslims in
Ahmedabad the Quaid declared that:
'Pakistan is the question oI liIe and death
Ior us. We shall live and die Ior Pakistan.
On this occasion the Quaid was presented with a
huge amount oI one crore rupees Ior the election
campaign. He observed that this amount was not given by
Birlas, Dalmias, Kasturbhies and Ambalals but was
contributed by the poor Muslims. He said that:
'It showed that all Muslims, men, women
and children, Shias and Sunnis, Bohras and
Pathans were behind the Muslim League.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 271, 272; See also Dawn, October 27, 1945;
Eastern 1imes, October 27, 1945.
102
All Muslims believed in one God and were
one nation. They wanted Pakistan and
would attain it. It was their amulet, their
charm, which would increase their strength
and glory.

~Muslims to vote for the League Candidates
Inaugurating his Iirst election meeting the Quaid
declared that the Muslims were now politically more alive
than the Hindus. He said that:
'The elections will give a clear verdict on
the issue whether the Muslims oI India stand
Ior Pakistan or Ior Akhand Hindustan. It is
thereIore a question oI liIe and death with
the Muslims oI India. II we are deIeated in
the elections, then we would be nowhere,
but I have Iull Iaith in you and, I see clearly
that Musalmans oI India today understand
the issue beIore them.

While explaining the procedure adopted in the
selection oI the League candidates Ior the elections, he
reIerred to his personal example and told that:
'I sent my application to the Central
Parliamentary Board Ior my ticket to stand

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 280; See also Civil & Military Cazette, October
30, 1945.
103
Ior election to the Central Assembly. My
application was accepted. I am now standing
beIore you and I assure you that it is my
duty to serve the Muslim nation: II you
vote Ior me I am prepared to work Ior the
cause oI the Muslim nation. Even iI you
don`t vote Ior me, I shall continue to work
Ior you.

~Sweeping victory at the polls for the
Forces of Pakistan
In an exclusive interview with the Associated Press
oI America on November 1, 1945 at Bombay, the Quaid
predicted a sweeping victory at the polls Ior the Iorces oI
Pakistan and discussed his plans Ior a separate Muslim
nation and steps to be taken to achieve it in the event oI
the triumph in the Iorthcoming elections.
In the same interview the Quaid threw light on
Hindu-Muslim diIIerences. He said that:
'The Congress Hindu leaders speak oI unity
and brotherhood with Muslims in a united
India but they would not eat our Iood and iI
a Hindu shake hands with a Muslim he
would wash his hands thereaIter. Wethe
Hindus and Muslimsare diIIerent in

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 285; See also Dawn, November 2, 1945; Civil &
Military Cazette, November 2, 1945.
104
everything. We diIIer in our religion, in our
civilization and culture, our history, our
language, our architecture, music,
jurisprudence and laws, our Iood and our
society, our dress. In everyway we are
diIIerent. We cannot get together only in the
ballot-box. The Hindus want it (unitary
government) because in that case they would
have a perennial majority oI three to one,
and thus one society with its majority would
rule the other society or nation, namely, the
Muslims who would be in a minority
always.

~There is a great future for the state of Pakistan
The Quaid gave a detailed description oI the
politically independent sovereign Muslim state, Pakistan
which he and the Muslim League sought to establish in
India. He said that Pakistan could become one oI the most
powerIul states economically. He said that:
'Even now a Muslim League Committee is
studying the Iield Ior developing the
Pakistan state as a nation. There is a great
Iuture Ior it, with its still untouched iron,
petroleum, sulphur, coal and other mineral

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 288; See also Dawn, November 2, 1945; Civil &
105
deposits many oI which already have been
mapped.

~Hindus don`t even share sea water with the
Muslims
In a press interview on November 18, 1945, the
Quaid severely criticized Sardar Vallabhabhai`s
declaration made in All India Congress annual meeting,
held at Bombay, when he said that the Pakistan as
deIined by the Quaid was impracticable.` To this, the
Quaid put Iorward a number oI examples and reIerred to
his historic speech oI March 1940 and his dubsequent
addresses to Muslims on diIIerent occasions in which he
gave detailed description about the creation oI a separate
Muslim state in India.
Continuing the Quaid dealt with the declaration oI
Sardar Patel one by one. 'As to his other slogans the
Quaid said:
'That the Hindus and Muslims are brothers
and one nation, the less Sardar Patel talks
about is the better. It does not come with any
grace Irom his mouth at any rate Ior did not
Mr. Vallabhbhai Patel perIorm the opening
ceremony oI swimming bath in Bombay
meant exclusively Ior Hindus. Has he

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 300, 301; See also Dawn, November 9, 1945.
106
Iorgotten that some young men
demonstrated protesting against his
participation in the opening ceremony oI the
swimming bath which excluded the Muslim
brethren even sharing the sea water.

~We must do our duty unflinchingly to our
Nation
Peshawar, November 20, 1945
While addressing Muslim League ConIerence held
at Peshawar on November 20, 1945 on the occasion oI
general elections, the Quaid expressed his satisIaction
over awakening amongst Sarhad pathans who, the Quaid
said had now Iully understood their ideal oI Pakistan. He
said that:
'Muslim India will express that every
Musalman will stand by his cherished goal
oI Pakistan and our national organization
the All-India Muslim League.We shall win
gloriously and honourably. We must do our
duty unIlinchingly to the nation, to all ranks
oI Musalmans under the banner oI the
League by pronouncing their unmistakable
verdict in Iavour oI the League and the
establishment oI Pakistan.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 313; See also Dawn, November 19, 1945; Civil &
107
The Quaid appealed to Muslims to vote Ior the
Muslim League candidates. He stressed that:
'Discipline demands that you should
support the oIIicial League candidates.
Achieve Pakistan and maintain the honour,
discipline and prestige oI our national
organization.

~We are fighting to get verdict on Pakistan issue
A Muslim crowed oI over 100,000 Pathans
representative oI all classes oI the Frontier province
Ilocked to listen to their Quaid-i-Azam at Shahi Gardens,
Peshawar, on November 24, 1945, who spoke in Urdu.
'The presence oI this sea oI human beings
said the Quaid 'leaves me in no doubt that
the Musalmans oI the North-West Frontier
Province are now alive and grasp Iully the
implications oI the situation that Iaces the
Muslim nation in India at this time.
Exhorting the Muslims to vote Ior the League
candidates the Quaid said:
'II you are honest, selIless and want to serve
the Muslim nation then you have no option
except to vote Ior the League candidate.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 318, 320; See also Dawn, November 22, 1945;
Civil & Military Cazette November 22, 1945.
108
Pathans as a people are much more
disciplined than others.I appeal to you, and
pray Allah that my appeal may touch your
hearts, to realize your duty towards your
nation and stand by it.We are Iighting
these elections to get a verdict Irom
Muslims on the Pakistan issue.

~No nation can ever achieve any big thing unless
we take our Women with us
While addressing a Muslim women meeting at
Peshawar, on November 26, 1945 the Quaid remarked:
'I am very glad that our women are coming
Iorward. There is a much necessity Ior the
education oI our girls as our boys. Women
can always play a great part. It is said that
the hand that rocks the cradle rules the
nation. It is only enlightened and educated
women that can bring up children worthy oI
the nation. Our Islamic history shows that
women have always worked shoulder to
shoulder with men. No nation can ever
achieve any big thing unless we take our
women with us.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 323, 325; See also Dawn, November 24, 1945;
Eastern 1imes, March 22, 1945.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 331; See also Eastern 1imes, November 28,
1945.
109
~Concede our demand for Pakistan with grace or
We shall take it
Like a true servant oI his people and in the spirit oI
a Iull-blooded democrat while addressing the students oI
the Islamia College at the invitation oI the Frontier
Muslim Students Federation, who were over 30,000 in
number, the Quaid delivered a characteristically IorceIul
and Irank speech when he said:
'We have reached a stage when no man on
earth can crush the Muslim League. We are
still in the arena oI negotiations Ior an
honourable settlement as two nations.
Concede our demand Ior Pakistan with grace
or we shall take it.
The Quaid surveying the League activities oI the
past seven years said that he was deeply disappointed in
1936 when he Iirst visited the Frontier province. He said
that at that time there were only two distinct campsone
was bureaucratic camp and the other was the Congress
camp. He said that the opportunists went to the Iirst camp
while careerists put on the Gandhi cap and joined the
Congress. The Quaid said that at that time the Muslim was
a Iootball to be kicked about and:
'Today out oI that crowd that had Iallen, we
have to consolidate and create a nation. Now
when I have courage to say, the Muslims are
110
not a minority but a nation, what a howl
there is because iI you do not accept the
Hindu yoke, you are a minority. A nation
cannot live in the air. It must have territory.
While concluding his speech the Quaid made a
Iervent appeal to Frontier Muslims to vote Ior the League
and Pakistan. He said: 'now you must not Iail your nation
and we shall have Pakistan, Inshallah.
At the end oI his speech, while criticizing Hindu
Congress tactics and their hatred against him (the Quaid)
he said:
'Now they have put me in the list as Enemy
No. 1. I Ieel honoured. But that cannot
Irighten me or deter me Irom doing my duty
to my nation. Once I was oIIered
premiership oI a provisional government
and now I stand as enemy No. 1. Neither oI
the two had any eIIect on me. Now they are
convinced that they cannot cheat me.

~Two major nations-Hindus and Muslims
Replying to an Address oI Welcome by the students
oI the Edwardes College, Peshawar, the Quaid said:
'We are Iighting Ior Pakistan, we are
Iighting Ior Ireedom oI everyman on this

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 333, 335, 336; See also Speeches and Writings
of Mr. 1innah, Vol. II, op.cit., pp. 238-244.
111
subcontinent. It was Hindu Congress which
was withholding Ireedom oI all oI us by
obsession.Indian`s problem is most
complex and there is no parallel in any part
oI the world. We proceeded on wrong lines.
We started with the assumption that India
was one country with homogeneous
population. But it is not one country. It is
not one national state. It is a state oI
nationalities and two major nations, Hindus
and Muslims.We the two-major nations,
not only diIIer in religion but have two
totally diIIerent cultures. Our religion
contains a code oI liIe in the conduct oI
every department and we want to live in
accordance with the same ideals but the
Hindu leadership is bent upon establishing
Ram raj and treat the Muslims as a
minority.

~Vote for the League Candidate
In his parting message to the Frontier Pathans on
November 27, 1945, the Quaid while leaving Peshawar
aIter a week`s stay exhorted the Frontier Pathans to vote
Ior the League candidate which meant the vote Ior
Pakistan. He hoped that the Frontier Muslims will rise to

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 337-338; See also Dawn, November 20, 1945.
112
the occasion and play their magniIicent part as spearheads
oI Pakistan. He thanked the Frontier people Ior their
hospitality and kindness shown to him everywhere. 'I am
extremely grateIul to Musalmans oI Frontier said the
Quaid 'which had given me all the more courage to work
with redoubled energy Ior the Muslim`s national cause
and achievement oI their goal oI Pakistan.

~The establishment of Pakistan means freedom for
both Hindus and Musalmans
Commenting on the latest India announcement in
the British Parliament with regard to the proposed British
Parliamentary Delegation to India, the Quaid remarked in
a statement that:
'The labour government are still in the dark
as to the crux oI India`s constitutional
problem.the British government should
apply their mind deIinitely to the division oI
India and establishment oI Pakistan and
Hindustan which means Ireedom Ior both
Hindus and Muslalmans..II the Labour
government wishes to prove its bona fides to
give Ireedom to the peoples oI this
subcontinent, they must Iace realities and
Iacts as they are. First, the Hindus and
Musalmans are two major nations living in

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 339-340; See also Dawn, November 28, 1945.
113
this subcontinent; and there are Muslim
provinces and Hindu provinces, and it is high
time that the British government applied their
mind deIinitely to the division oI India and
the establishment oI Pakistan and Hindustan,
which means Ireedom Ior both.

"Deadlock not between India and British, it is
between Hindu Congress and Muslim League,
Pakistan only hope for lasting Peace
In an interview to Duncan Hooper, Reuter`s special
correspondent, on December 7, 1945 at Bombay, the
Quaid IorceIully said that:
'I remain convinced that Pakistan is the only
hope Ior a Iair and lasting settlement oI the
Indian problem. The deadlock in this
country is not so much between India and
the British. It is between Hindu Congress
and the Muslim League.Patchwork
methods will not work at this stage in
India`s destiny. What is needed is real
statesmanship and a real eIIort to Iace Iacts.
He Iurther said that the Indian problem could be
settled in ten minutes iI Mr. Gandhi would agree to the
demand oI Pakistan comprising oI six provinces oI Sind,

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 343-347; See also Dawn, December 7, 1945;
Civil & Military Cazette, December 7, 1945.
114
Baluchistan, Punjab, N.W.F.P., Bengal, and Assam with
their present boundaries to constitute Pakistan.
'AIter that, said the Quaid, 'it would be a
simple matter to sit down as Iriends and
work out the details oI a Iriendly and
neighbourly liIe between the two great
nations oI this subcontinent.

~Work, work, work and work Ceaselessly
th
birthday, the Quaid
while thanking the Muslims oI India emphasized the
nation to work ceaselessly Ior the Iorthcoming provincial
elections. In the evening tributes were paid to the Quaid in
a public meeting held at Kaiser Bagh, which was
organized by the Bombay Provincial Muslim League. It
may be recalled that I.I. Chundrigar became Prime
Minister oI Pakistan between 18 October-11December,
1957. It was presided over by Mr. Ibrahim Ismail
Chundrigar, President oI the Provincial Muslim League.
Tracing the achievements oI the Muslim League during
the past decade, Mr. Chundrigar said that 'in this short
period the Quaid had proved that the Muslims in India
were not a negligible minority but a strong nation
numbering nearly ten crores.

Civil & Military Cazette, December 12, 1945; QAP.F-810/112/14.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 358-360. It may be recalled that I.I. Chundrigar
became Prime Minister oI Pakistan between 18
th
October-11
th
December, 1957.
115
~Our struggle for Pakistan means freedom for
both Hindu and Muslims
In a public speech in the gathering oI Memon
Merchants` Chamber oI Commerce at Bombay on
December 27, 1945 the Quaid said that:
'He was to see that the commercial section
oI the Muslim community was also realizing
its position in the national struggle which
the Muslim League was carrying on. He
asked every Muslim in the subcontinent 'to
take his rightIul place in the national liIe
and in their national organization, the
Muslim League.

Legislative Assembly election results-~I
congratulate Musalmans on unique Victory.
Januarv 11, 1946
In a message to the daily Dawn, Delhi, the Quaid
congratulated the Muslims oI India on the unique victory
in the Iirst round oI election battle. He said that:
'The cent percent success is unparalleled in
the history oI any country or any nation that
Muslim nation has given already. I am
happy that Muslim India has rallied

Civil & Military Cazette, December 29, 1945.
116
completely under the Ilag oI the All-India
Muslim League and it is our grim
determination to achieve Pakistan.The
Muslim nation has already given its verdict
and it will Iace all consequences and
obstacles and make every sacriIice that it
may be called upon to do.We will Iace any
and every opposition at all cost.There is no
illusion and there should be nobody under
any delusion that we stand Ior the
establishment oI Pakistan at any cost
whatever the opposition.

~Pakistan did not mean freedom for Muslims only,
but for all peoples of this subcontinent
Lahore, Januarv 17, 1946
Addressing in Urdu at a crowded meeting oI the
Muslim students oI the Lahore Islamia College Hall on
January 17, 1946 the Quaid reIerred to Sardar Vallabhai`s

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 380-381; See also Dawn, January 11, 1946;
Civil & Military Cazette, January 12, 1946.
It may be noted that the Congress leader, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, while speaking
at a public meeting at Ahmadabad on January 15, 1946 severely opposed the
League demand Ior the establishment oI Pakistan and said that India`s gates were
open Ior everybody. He said that: 'many races have come and settled here. Some
are claiming to be a separate nation and are demanding partition oI India.We
want Ioreigners meaning Muslims to remain here as servants and not masters oI
the country. No one has the right to partition India. You may celebrate Pakistan
Day but we are still slaves. Pakistan can be achieved only aIter India is Iree. The
Congress will Iight Ior Ireedom single-handed.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 389; See also Hindustan 1imes, January 16,
1946.
117
speech oI January 15, 1946 delivered at Ahmadabad. The
Quaid said that:
'The Congress leaders speak whatever suits
them and they never give up their deIence.
They have been claiming to represent
Muslims..Today the Congress is silent
over cent percent success oI the Muslim
League.Pakistan did not mean Ireedom Ior
Muslims only, but Ior all peoples oI this
subcontinent. It were the Hindus who were
holding up the independence and Ireedom oI
this land. They dream oI Jai Hind, Bharat
Mata and Akhand Hindustan.
On this occasion welcoming the Quaid,
Principal Omar Hayat Malik oI the Islamia College
said that the Quaid was a unique personality in the
history oI the Indian Muslims. AIter the downIall
oI the Mughal empire never was that a Muslim in
India who commanded the united allegiance oI all
Musalmans. It is he who gave birth to the Muslim
Nation in India and has done a great service to the
whole country by showing a way to her
independence which is only through accepting
Pakistan.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 392; See also Dawn, January 18, 1946; Civil &
Military Cazette, January 18, 1946.
118
Muslim League was fighting elections to secure
Muslim verdict on Pakistan
Lahore, Januarv 18, 1946
While talking to StaII oI Islamia College, Lahore,
at Mamdot Villa, the Quaid said:
'We are passing through a national crisis
and only concrete work and sincere eIIorts
can lead us to ultimate victory. It is national
Iunds we need to counteract League
propaganda in the Punjab.
During the course oI discussion with Muslim
students at Mamdot Villa on January 18, 1946 the Quaid
emphasized that Muslim League was not Iighting
elections to Iorm ministries but was Iighting elections to
secure Muslim verdict on Pakistan. The Quaid said that:
'He was proud oI the students oI the Islamia
College and Ior that matter all Muslim
students Ior the magniIicent movement with
which they responded to the call oI duty
towards their nation.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 359, 396-397; See also Dawn, January 20, 1946;
Star of India, January 19, 1946.
119
~Sind Muslim Youth are destined to play
an important part in Muslim National
renaissance in India
Februarv 1946
In a message to the Sind Muslim College
Magazine, in early February 1946, the Quaid said:
'I am very glad to know that the Sind
Muslim College Magazine is making its Iirst
appearance shortly. In a national institution
like the Sind Muslim College, which aims
chieIly at moulding the younger Muslim
generation according to the tradition oI
Islam.It has undertaken to shoulder a
responsibility, which is both instance and
delicate.I have no doubt that this task the
Magazine will carry to a successIul Iinish
and look upon itselI proudly Ior doing its bit
in reshaping oI the Sind Muslim youth who
are destined to play an important part in the
Muslim national renaissance in India.

~There is only one road which will put an end to this
agony, that is the establishment of Pakistan
Replying to a Welcome Address presented by the
All India Railway Muslim Employee`s Association on

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 421, 422; Available in QAP. op.cit., F-958/13.
120
February 9, 1946 at Delhi, the Quaid while expressing his
sorrow over a number oI complaints reaching him Irom
diIIerent parts oI the country said that there was only one
road which would put an end to this agony, and that was
the establishment oI Pakistan.
He Iurther said that:
'The Muslims had neglected all their aIIairs
Ior the last 200 years and it was only now
their eyes were upon and they had started
seeing things in their true perspective. Not
only the Muslim Railwaymen but also the
entire Muslim nation in India would have
been wiped out had it not been Ior the timely
hold-up by the All-India Muslim League oI
the steam roller which was going to crush
them.

~Muslims are willing to fight if British fail to
provide for Pakistan
New York, Februarv 13, 1946
In an interview to Aew York 1imes correspondent
on February 13, 1946 the Quaid said that:
'The Muslims are willing to Iight iI the
British Iailed to provide Ior Pakistan in the
six northern provinces oI India and that 'iI
the British carry out their intension oI

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 429; See also Dawn, February 10, 1946.
121
calling a single constitution-making body,
the only result would be a Muslim revolt
throughout India. The paper wrote that the
Quaid 'leIt no doubt that he is Iirst and last a
Muslim to the exclusion oI any other
consideration. He denounced the Viceroy`s
proposal to establish a popular government
in the interim period beIore a constitution-
making body could be convened. He also
reIused to accept a single constitution-
making body on the ground that it assured
emergence oI a uniIied India.
ThereIore, the only course open is Ior the
British to concede Pakistan and make an
unequivocal declaration to that eIIect. Then
we can proceed to the adjustment oI
boundaries between Pakistan and Hindustan.
'The two Indian nations can make their
own treaties.

~Do away with the old outmoded customs, move
shoulder to shoulder with Men
Calcutta, Februarv 26, 1946
In response to an Address oI Welcome, during the
course oI his speech in Urdu to Muslim women delivered
at Muslim Institute Hall, Calcutta, on February 25, 1946

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 439-440; See also Dawn, February 15, 1946;
Civil & Military Cazette, February 15, 1946.
122
the Quaid urged the womenIolk to do away with the old
and outmoded customs which were a bane oI Muslim
society in India. He said:
'Move shoulder to shoulder with men in
your Iight Ior national regeneration.We
have been leIt behind in the race Ior
progress. We must wake up the
leeway.There is new liIe today stirring
among Muslim women. No nation on earth
can make any progress without the active
help oI its womenIolk.
Continuing the Quaid Iurther said that:
'The task beIore us is Iormidable. Here in
Calcutta the condition oI Muslims is
pitiable.We will have to revolutionarize
and change all these. There are many things
men can not do, there are many things
women cannot do. But both together can do
every thing. Go ahead then, come out as
doctors, teachers, nurses, Iill Bengals`
national liIe and iI possible give a lead to
others.you must educate yourselves and
educate your children.you must bring up
your children who are the Iuture leaders oI
Muslim India, as intelligent, educated
Muslim boys imbued with a love Ior Islam
and service to their Iellow countrymen.
Double and redouble your eIIorts.march
123
shoulder to shoulder with men, contributing
your share to the task oI national
reconstruction and no power on earth can
prevent us Irom achieving and we shall
wrest it.

~No room for talk on a single Constituent
Assembly and a new Executive Council
Calcutta, Februarv 26, 1946
In a public address, on the occasion oI a mass rally
oI Muslim students oI Calcutta on the Calcutta maidan
near the Ochterlony monument on February 26, 1946, the
Quaid said:
'We have to educate our young and old so
that they may understand every thing
correctly and take their part in the building
oI their nation that they are entitled to.
While discussing the Hindu leaders` attitude
towards setting up a single Constituent Assembly and
Iormation oI a new Executive Council the Quaid warned
the Hindu leaders to come to their senses. He said:
'It is the Hindu leaders who are obstructing
the Ireedom oI all oI us.It is time Ior them
to retreat Irom this impossible position
which is suicidal Ior them and which is

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 471, 472; See also Dawn, February 26, 1946;
124
holding up the progress oI the whole India
and not only oI the two nations.

~Foremost thing of a Nation`s foundation is
Education
Svlhet, March 3, 1946
The Quaid was given a grand Welcome at Idgah,
Sylhet on March 3, 1946 by over one lakh Muslim men
and women. He, on this occasion, was presented with a
large Ilag made oI gold and a map oI Pakistan made oI
silver on behalI oI Tarun Silpa Sanga, and a copy oI the
Holy Quran and Janama: (prayer rug).
The Quaid in his Address said:
'Unity is necessary. II you are united, there
is no power on earth which can prevent you
Irom getting Pakistan.Organize the
Muslim League and make it a strong
organization. II we want to win the political
Iight there must be some organization
through which to Iight and win. The Iirst
and Ioremost thing oI a nation`s Ioundation
is education. The Muslim League must
endeavour to educate its people. Serious
attention must be paid in this respect.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 476, 477; See also Dawn, February 27, 1946;
125
Students as flowers and Cream of the Nation
In reply to a Welcome Address presented by the
Assam Provincial Muslim Students Federation, the Quaid
thanked the students Ior the kind words addressed to him.
He described the students as the 'Ilowers and the cream oI
a nation. He said:
'Today we are Iighting, struggling.
Tomorrow is Ior you students. You must
undertake responsibility.you are to work in
an organized way. Discipline is absolutely
necessary.RectiIy your mistakes. The
Muslim League constitution is based on the
most democratic principles that any nation
can boost oI.

~Hindus and Muslims are separate Nations
Shillong (Assam), March 4, 1946
While addressing a large meeting oI Muslim
women at Shillong, Assam, on March 4, 1946 the Quaid
said:
'The Musalmans are determined to be Iree
Irom British domination as well as Hindu
raj and we are not prepared to submit to a
transIer oI power Irom British to Hindu
hands.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 487, 488, 489; See also Dawn, March 4, 1946.
126
Explaining the history oI the Muslims the Quaid
said:
'We have our own laws, our own culture
and language, we have our own calendar,
names, social liIe, architecture and music; in
short the entire social and economic
structure oI our society is diIIerent Irom that
oI the Hindus. We Iind that the Hindus have
their own structure oI society, which is
diIIerent Irom ours. It is not only diIIerent,
but in some cases it is antagonistic.the
Hindu believes in idolatry; we do not. We
believe in equality, liberty and Iraternity
while they are caste-ridden and caste
bound.
'The Quaid appealed to the women to read
Urdu and teach Urdu to their children and
urged them to work with determination to
build up the three pillars on which the
mighty ediIice oI great Indian Muslim
nation could be raised.
The Quaid Iurther said:
'Educate your children, Ior knowledge is
light and without it there is darkness; re-
organize your economic liIe Irom top to
bottom and work Ior social upliIt among the
Muslims. You work in your own sphere and
let men work in their own sphere and then
127
both together Iight Ior the emancipation oI
our nation.

~Now you feel that you are a Nation
Calcutta, March 7, 1946
Addressing a gathering organized by the Muslim
Chamber oI Commerce, Calcutta, on March 7, 1946, the
Quaid said:
'Unless a nation thinks in a collective way
and thinks in terms oI doing good to their
own people, progress cannot be made.
The Quaid Iurther said that:
'Five years ago Muslims were practically
liIeless in every walk oI liIe.We have been
leIt behind. One oI the reasons Ior this was
the spirit oI individualism that ruled the
nation. Now I Iind that the spirit oI sacriIice
has entered the blood oI Muslims, men,
women and children. Now you Ieel that you
are a nation. You Ieel it is your duty to
sacriIice everything Ior the nation. Without
sacriIices no nation can make any progress,
nor achieve anything.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 490, 491, 492-493; See also Dawn, March 6,
1946.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 501, 502; See also Star of India, March 8, 1946.
128
~Only one word-Unity and we shall Win
Calcutta, March 8, 1946
While addressing a large gathering at the Muslim
Club, Calcutta, on March 8, 1946, the Quaid observed
that:
'There is only one phrase which means
everything, and iI that is guaranteed, then
there is no power on earth that can prevent
us Irom establishing Pakistan, and that is
'complete unity.
The Quaid said:
'The Muslim nation is now awake. We
have come to our own and we have regained
our inherent strength and now there is one
and only one wordUnity and we shall
win.

Message for the Sind Muslim College Magazine
March 14, 1946
While issuing a message Ior the Magazine oI the
Sind Muslim College, the Quaid said:
'I am very glad to know that the Sind
Muslim College Magazine is making its Iirst
appearance shortly. In a national institution
like the Sind Muslim College which aims

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 505; See also Dawn, March 10, 1946.
129
chieIly at moulding the younger Muslim
generation according to the traditions oI
Islam and at giving them a training
conIorming to the heritage that we Muslims
are proud oI.I have no doubt that this
College will carry to a successIul Iinish and
look upon itselI Ior doing its bit in the
reshaping oI the Sind Muslim youth who are
destined to play an important part in the
Muslim national renaissance in India.

~Merge your individualism into the League for the
welfare of your Nation
While replying to an Address presented by the
members oI the Executive Committee oI the Punjab
Muslim Chamber oI Commerce on March 23, 1946, the
Qauid-i-Azam said:
'Merge your individualism into the League
Ior the welIare oI your nation and in the
interest oI your community. II you are
determined iI you work unitedly and iI you
organize yourselI, I can assure you, that no
power can stop you developing yourselI and
attaining what you are entitled to.

130
In the course oI his Address, Sir Maratab Ali
enumerated the work done by the Chamber and requested
the Quaid not to Iorget Muslim industrialists who would
be the backbone oI the Muslim nation on the crucial stage
oI the coming political developments in India.

~Commerce and Industry are the very foundations
of a Nation
On March 1946, the Quaid while addressing the
Annual Convocation oI the Islamia College, Lahore,
called Ior a revolution in the mentality and outlook oI the
Muslim youth whereby alone the Muslims oI India could
Iind an honourable place in the comity oI nations oI the
world. He disapproved oI Iinding jobs in the government
service only. He stressed on Iinding new avenues saying:
'I ask you to seek Iresh awareness, to Iind
our new channels where you can not only
make a magniIicent career Ior you but you
can also serve your nation. Commerce and
industry are the very Ioundations oI a
nation. In that department, I regret to say,
we are leIt Iar behind. Besides scientiIic and
technical knowledge are very essential in
this age.you should now train yourselI in
this direction. II there are diIIiculties in your
way, I assure you that you will overcome all

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 552, 553; See also Dawn, March 23, 1946.
131
diIIiculties and you will build your nation
economically as we have very largely built it
politically.
Stressing the need Ior a high national character the
Quaid said that:
'The test oI a man depends upon his
standard oI morality in every walk oI liIe,
his elements, his principles which very oIten
is named character. Character means a
bundle oI virtues, highest sense oI honour
and integrity and that you will not sell your
principles Ior anything in the world,
however tempting it may be. These are the
characteristics which go to make a nation.
Assuring the Musalmans oI the Iinal victory in
their national struggle, the Quaid said:
'No nation has ever achieved a high place
without sacriIices and do not make a
mistake that we can be an exception to it.
UnIortunately, we have lived a liIe oI
individualism which is responsible Ior our
demoralization. Individualism must be
merged in the community and Ior the
interest oI the country. Each individual must
sacriIice Ior the interest oI his nation.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 356, 357, 558; See also Star of India, March 25,
1946.
132

~I return from Punjab with a message of hope
While leaving Lahore Ior Delhi, the Quaid in his
interview with the Associated Press oI India said:
'I can carrying with me Irom the Punjab a
message oI hope and courage Ior Muslim
India to continue our struggle Ior the
achievement oI Pakistan.
Continuing the Quaid said:
'During the last two years the Muslim
Leaguers and the Punjab Muslim League
leaders have worked ceaselessly and the
students who have suIIered great hardships
and made sacriIices have particularly played
a magniIicent part in their national cause.

~No room for compromise on the question of
Pakistan
In context oI Cabinet Mission talks, the Quaid in an
interview with Reuter`s Correspondent, on March 30,
1946, said IorceIully that:
'Muslims will never submit to be treated as
an all-India minority under a Hindu

133
imperialistic raj.one thing is certain that
there will be no compromise on the subject
oI Pakistan because that means our very
existence is at stake.

As to the question oI Iuture relationship oI Pakistan
with Britain and the United Nations Organization, the
Quaid said that:
'I am sure Pakistan will play its Iull part
along with other nations Ior the peace and
prosperity oI the world, and we shall not lag
behind any other nation in that Iervent desire
oI ours to secure peace a peace which is
always essential, but at this moment is
particularly so.

~Pakistan must be a fully Sovereign State with
complete Control of defence and foreign policy
In an interview on April 3, 1946, with Mr. Donald
Edwards, correspondent oI BBC at New Delhi, the Quaid
categorically said that:
'Muslim nation`s Pakistan must be Iully
sovereign state with complete control oI
deIence and Ioreign policy.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 561; See also Dawn, March 31, 1946; Civil &
Military Cazette, March 31, 1946.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 561, 563; See also Dawn, March 31, 1946; Civil
& Military Cazette, March 31, 1946.
134
During the course oI his interview, the Quaid made
a strong appeal to the Hindus to come to an amicable
settlement. He said that:
'We must try to come to a Iriendly
settlement. II it is a question oI Iorce, well
then, whoever wins, dictates. But we want to
negotiate peace.Let us work together Ior
the welIare oI the Hindu nation and the
Muslim nation.
While the Quaid was appealing Ior amicable
settlement between the two nations, the Hindu Congress
leader, Jawaharlal Nehru, condemned the reality oI
Musalmans being a nation. According to Mr. Donald
Edward, the Correspondent oI Reuter who reported that
during his conversation with Nehru about the same time
when he happened to interview the sole spokesman oI
Muslim India the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah,
'Mr. Nehru, in his interview with me gave me more
details oI his proposal Ior a plebiscite oI the people oI
north-east and north-west India. The people oI these areas
would vote. Whether or not they wished to remain in a
Iederation oI all-India. My own view is that a separate
Muslim nation to be created out oI north-east and north-
west India is an absurd and Iantastic idea.
The above piousness remark is only one glimpse oI
Hindu mindset whereas the history is Iilled with
innumerable reIerences which reIlect Hindu hatred against
135
the Muslims as well as the idea oI the establishment oI
Pakistan.
In the same interview the Quaid was asked a
question about Muslim minorities and inclusion oI Assam
in Pakistan, to which the Quaid said:
'There is no other way Iitting Assam
anywhere except Pakistan. Any scheme that
you will Irame Ior any country in the world
where you have these diIIerent nationalities
can never be a perIect scheme.
When asked about the Congressite Muslims, the
Quaid said: 'Every nation has its quislings. What about
your Haw Haw?

~The Muslims have a different conception of life
from the Hindus
In the interview with the British Cabinet
Delegation on April 4, 1946, at New Delhi, the Quaid said
that there was a hell oI diIIerence between the Hindu and
Muslim nations in India. He told the members oI the
Delegation that there was strong Hindu-Muslim tension.
The Quaid said:
'The diIIerences in India are Iar greater than
between European countries and, compared
to those, are oI a vital and a Iundamental

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 571, 573, 574; See also Dawn, April 4, 1946.
136
character. Even Ireland provides no parallel.
The Muslims have a diIIerent conception oI
liIe Irom the Hindus. They admire diIIerent
qualities in their heroes; they have a
diIIerent culture based on Arabic and
Persian instead oI on Sanskrit origins. Their
social customs are entirely diIIerent. A
Hindu will wash hands aIter shaking hands
with a Muslim. No Hindu will let Mr. Jinnah
have a room in his building. Hindu society
and philosophy are the most exclusive in the
world. Muslims and Hindus have been side
by side in India Ior a thousand years but iI
you go into any Indian city you will see
separate Hindu and Muslim quarters. They
have diIIerent names and use a diIIerent
calendar. The Hindus worships the cow and
even today in certain States a 10-year
sentence is imposed Ior killing a cow. You
can not make a nation unless there are
essential uniting Iactors.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 579; See also Dawn, April 5, 1946; Civil &
137
~Hindu, Sikhs and Christians would have full right
of citizenship in Pakistan
April 5, 1946
In an interview to Mr. Peter Stursdert oI the Daily
Herald, London, correspondent, Hindustan 1imes, the
Quaid while deIining the boundaries oI Pakistan said:
'The new nation must include all the six
provinces with their present boundaries
subject to any necessary territorial
adjustments in both sides.
By the six provinces the Quaid meant:
'The Punjab, the North-West Frontier
Province, Sind and Baluchistan, the north-
western zone oI Pakistan and Assam and
Bengal, the north-eastern zone and
Kashmir could joint later.
The Quaid declared that Pakistan shall not be a
religious state and the Hindus, Sikhs and Christians would
have the Iull right oI citizenship. In reply to another
question oI Mr. Peter Stursdert, the Quaid stated
emphatically that 'there could be no compromise and that
Pakistan must be a separate nation.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 592, 593; (Lahore, April 5, 1946). On the sudden
death oI Malik Barkat Ali, MLA., a Iormer member oI the All-India Muslim League
Working Committee, the Quaid wrote a condolence letter to his son Malik Shaukat Ali,
Advocate at Lahore. He, while thanking the Quaid wrote on April 7, 1946 that his great
sympathy as well as Irom the distinguished assembly oI whole Muslim nation in India
will be treasured by him and his Iamily Iorever.It gives us great solace and comIort to
Iind that we have your as well as nations sympathies in our bereavement See The
Nations Joice, op.cit., pp. 591, 592.
138
~No compromise on the issue of Pakistan as
a fully sovereign state
Delhi, April 7, 1946
Addressing the Muslim League Legislator`s
Convention in Delhi on April 7, 1946, the Quaid declared
that:
'There can be no compromise on the issue
oI Pakistan as a Iully sovereign state.We
will Iight Ior it, iI necessary we will die Ior
it; but take it we must, or we perish.
'Muslim India would never agree to a single
constitution-making body nor accept the
constitution oI an interim government beIore
the principle oI Pakistan was accepted.so
Iar as Muslim India is concerned, the
conception oI a united India is impossible. II
any attempt is made to Iorce a decision
against the wishes oI Muslims, Muslim
India will resist it by all means and at all
costs.
As to the Congress attitude towards Muslim
demand oI Pakistan, the Quaid said that 'the Congress
would never agree to the idea oI their being two nations
nor will it recognize nationality based upon religion.

139
Nehru and Patel`s Interviews X-Rayed
The Quaid reIerred to the views oI Jwaharlal Nehru
and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel who severely opposed the
idea oI Pakistan and diIIerent nationalities.
It may be recalled that a detailed interview oI Patel
appeared in the daily Leader, Delhi, on April 5, 1946
wherein he said that:
It is a 'monstrous thing that a man can claim
diIIerent nationality because he changes his religion.iI
the principle oI religion determining nationality were
admitted, then Indian Christians, Sikhs, Parsees and others
equally could make the claim.so Iar as the Congress is
concerned, there can be no compromise on the subject oI
Pakistan.the Congress would never agree to the idea oI
there being two nations. Nor will it recognize nationality
based upon religion. Ninety Iive per cent oI the Muslims
in India are converts Irom Hinduism. Mr. Jinnah has
talked oI two nationalities only since about 1940.

Now look at the statements oI Jawaharlal Nehru
when he said in an interview to a Reuter`s correspondent
at Delhi, on April 3, 1946, that:
'The Congress is not going to agree to the
Muslim League`s demand Ior Pakistan
under any circumstances whatsoever even
iI the British government agrees to
it.nothing on earth, nor even the United
Nations Organization, is going to bring
140
about the Pakistan which Mr. Jinnah
wants.large areas which Mr. Jinnah claims
as Pakistan, are so Iundamentally and
determinedly opposed to the idea oI Pakistan
that you cannot compel them to agree to the
demand, whatever the Muslim League or
others intend to do in the matter.

It was in this historic Convention oI April 1946,
that the Quaid dealt with the above reIerred versions oI
Patel and Nehru and summarily rejected the concepts oI
these two Hindu leaders and said that the Congress did not
realize how Iantastic this proposal or scheme oI Pakistan
was. He said that:
'I have explained with great details the
Iundamental and vital diIIerences between
the Hindus and Muslims. There never has
been Ior all these centuries either social or
political unity between these two nations.
The Indian unity that we talk oI up to today
is only physical.held by the British
government with the help oI army and
police.
'The Congress claim, continued the Quaid,
'is Iounded on nationality which does not
exist except in the eyes oI those who merely
dream. Our Iormula is based on the territory
oI this subcontinent being carved into two
141
sovereign states oI Hindustan and
Pakistan.Our Iormula gives the Hindus
three-Iourths oI this subcontinent.and we
shall have only one-Iourth, and in this way
we can both live according to our ideals,
culture and social construction oI the two
major nations.

While concluding his speech to the League
Legislators the Quaid said that:
'God is with us because our cause is
righteous and our demand is just to both
Hindus and Muslims inhabiting this great
subcontinent.let us march Iorward with
complete unity amongst ourselves as
disciplined soldiers oI Pakistan.you have
shown to the world that we are united
nation and that we mean business.

~Muslims could only be protected if Pakistan was
conceded
New Delhi, April 8, 1946 (Press Report)
During his three hour`s discussion with the Cabinet
Delegation the Quaid chieIly dwelt on the problem and
interests oI Muslims and said that they 'could only be
protected iI Pakistan was concealed. He traced the history

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 594, 595, 598, 603, 606; See also Dawn, April
8, 1946; Civil & Military Cazette, April 9, 1946.
142
oI Muslim culture, developed his two-nation theory and
narrated the various 'atrocities perpetuated on the
Muslims which had Iorced them to demand Pakistan. In
Iact he said that the British must declare and establish
Pakistan, with or without the agreement oI the Congress
or other parties.

~Stand united and we shall Win
At a Iunction arranged in honour oI Muslim
League Legislators at Jinnah Sporting Club on the lawns
oI the Wellingdon Pavillion in Delhi on April 8, 1946, the
Quaid in a brieI speech said: 'I give you word oI hope and
cheer. Stand united and we shall win.
The members oI the Club in their Address oI
Welcome said:
'We in the playground seek to IortiIy the
Muslim Youth against sickness oI the body
and soul inculcating a sporting spirit,
invigorating their decaying youth to a
brighter, healthier manhood worthy oI the
struggles ahead. It is ours to Iight against the
destruction oI the body, it is yours to save us
Irom the destruction oI Muslims as a
nation.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 607; See also Civil & Military Cazette, April 9,
1946.
The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 610; See also Dawn, April 9, 1946; Civil &
143
~While we hope for best, we are prepared for the
Worst-~Pakistan was not going to be a
theocratic State
While winding up the Muslim League Legislator`s
Session the Quaid said that:
'The august and historic Convention oI the
Muslim nation had declared itselI Ior
Pakistan. While we hope Ior the best we are
prepared Ior the worst. We are prepared to
make any kind oI sacriIice Ior the attainment
oI Pakistan.
The Quaid Iurther said that Pakistan was not going
to be a theocratic state. He said that though the religion
'played an important part in a nation`s liIe, but there were
other aspects which were vital Ior a nation`s existence.
Social, economic and political aspects were the main
pillars which would enable them to live according to their
Iaith.

Continuing the Quaid emphasized the need to build
up character. He said that the Muslims had Iaith in their
religion. They had capacity, courage and all virtues that
the people oI any nation possessed. The Quaid Iurther
said that the Muslims should develop character and 'build
up the highest sense oI honour and integrity, have
convictions and be ready at any time to sacriIice
themselves Ior the collective good oI the nation.
144
He was glad to note a better change in the Muslim
womenIolk and said that:
'No nation could achieve anything great
unless women marched side by side with
men in every walk oI liIe including the
battleIield. Continuing the Quaid said: 'we
Muslims have got everything brains,
intelligence capacity and courage virtues
that nations must possess.

But two things are lacking, and I want you to
concentrate your attention on these. One thing is that
Ioreign domination Irom without and Hindu domination
here, particularly on our economic liIe, has caused a
certain degeneration oI these virtues in us. We have lost
the Iullness oI our noble character. And what is character?
The highest sense oI honour and the highest sense oI
integrity, conviction, incorruptibility, readiness at any
time to eIIace oneselI Ior the collective good oI the
nation. And yet, we have done wonders. In Iive years our
renaissance has been a miracle oI achievement.how
rapidly the nation is developing that character again in its
pristine nobility! Our men, our childrenthey think, talk
and act diIIerently now.no nation achieves anything
unless its women go side by side with men even to the
battleIield.

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 611, 612, 614, 615, 616; See also Dawn, April
11, 1946; Civil & Military Cazette, April 11, 1946.
145
~I don`t regard myself as an Indian; I say to
Congress; Divide, let us have two States and live as
friends
In an interview to Mr. Norman CliIIs, Ioreign
editor oI London Aews Chronicle, on April 12, 1946 at
Delhi, in his study beside a great bowl oI Iull-bloom roses,
the Quaid observed that 'there is no room Ior us to
compromise on the issue oI Pakistan. It is a question oI
our very existence.
In reply to the question asked iI that inIerred
loyalty to the community beIore loyalty to the country, the
Quaid replied:
'There is no country in that sense. I don`t
regard myselI as an Indian. India is a state oI
nationalities including two major nations,
and all we claim is a distinct sovereign state
Ior our nationPakistan.
In reply to a question oI Mr. Norman CliII in context
oI equal share with Congress, the Quaid bluntly said:
No, I say to Congress: Divide, I don`t want to
live jointly with you. II you talk in any other
terms it is only camouIlage. There can not be
any equal share between two nations thrown
together, one in an overwhelming majority oI
three to one. It is unnatural and artiIicial
because at every step in constitution oI this
146
kind can never stand. What we suggest
instead is not even an equal share but let us
have only one quarter oI the population. Let
them live according to their own philosophy,
culture and Iaith and let us live according to
ours. We are not only diIIerent and distinct
but antagonistic. Why does Britain want to
keep us together? We reIuse.

~The Quaid`s Demand opposed by
Maulana Abul Kalam
BeIore taking up the arguments oI the Quaid with
the Cabinet Delegation, it would be appropriate to give
another glimpse oI opposition against the demand oI
Pakistan. Apart Irom Nehru, Gandhi and Patel, a
nationalist Muslim in the person oI Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad equally opposed the Quaid with regard to the
demand oI Pakistan. The Maulana`s, statement on April
15, 1946 read:
'Mr. Jinnah`s Pakistan scheme is based on
his two nation theory. His thesis is that
India contains many nationalities based on
religious diIIerences. OI them the two
major nations, the Hindu and Muslims
must as separate nations have separate

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, pp. 623, 624, 626; See also Star of India, April 12,
1946.
147
states.Two nations according to Mr.
Jinnah conIront one another in every hamlet,
village and town, and he, thereIore, desires
that they should be separated into two states.
I am prepared to overlook all other aspects
oI the problem and judge it Irom the point oI
view oI Muslim interests alone.the truth is
that even iI I examine the scheme Irom the
point oI view oI communal interests oI
Muslims themselves, I am Iorced to the
conclusion that it can in no way beneIit them
or allay their legitimate Iears.

~Lack of a strong Press has been a serious
handicap to Muslim Nation in India
In a message to Muslim Times oI Nagpur, on April
17, 1946, the Quaid observed that: 'The lack oI a strong
press has been a serious handicap to the Muslim nation in
India and we have suIIered a great deal on that account.
The above Weekly paper was being published by
the C.P. Muslim Students Federation which was the Iirst
oI its kind in CP. The Quaid while expressing his
happiness over it said that:
'I wish this venture all success and have no
doubt that the paper will educate the cause

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 634; See Selected Works oI Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad, Vol. II, pp. 132-133)
148
oI Pakistan IaithIully, courageously and
undauntedly.Pakistan is Ior the younger
generation oI today; to assure them oI our
independent, honourable existence, to
guarantee them and their generation a saIe
Iuture in their own homes so that they may
live and Ilourish according to their own
ideals, principles and standards in liIe like
any respectable nation on the globe. And to
achieve this cherished goal, I am conIident
they will play manIully the part that is
expected oI them by our nation.

Cabinet Mission have mutilated facts regarding
Pakistan demand of the Muslim League to appease
the Congress
New Delhi, June 5, 1946
During the course oI his Address to the Council
meeting oI the All-India Muslim League held on June 5,
1946, at New Delhi, the Quaid described the Council oI
the Muslim League as the 'parliament oI the Muslim
nation, which met in secret session in Hotel Imperial on
June 5, 1946, at new Delhi.
It was in this meeting that the Quaid said that:
'I want every member to Ieel that he is Iree
and he is not tied down or Ialtered by any
step that we have taken which prevents him

The Nations Joice, Vol. IV, p. 648; See also Dawn, April 17, 1946.
149
in any way Irom expressing his opinion or
taking his Iinal decision, whatever it may be.
It is

now up to you as the parliament oI the
Muslim nation to take your decision.
'ReIerring to the demand oI Pakistan the Quaid
said the Cabinet Mission had mutilated the Iacts Ior no
other purpose except to please and appease the Congress

~Cabinet Mission Plan Batgaya Hindustan
Milgaya Pakistan
New Delhi, June 7, 1946
The decision oI the All-India Muslim League
Council regarding acceptance oI the Cabinet Mission Plan
and work it Ior what it is worth while at the same time
reiterating their Iaith in the Muslim national demand oI
Pakistan as the unalterable objective` was received with
considerable satisIaction in Muslim quarters. On this
occasion the Quaid pointed out that the Compulsory
Grouping clause oI the process contained the seeds oI
Pakistan. In this connection, the Quaid`s remarks aIter the
Council meeting gained signiIicance when in response to
a slogan Hindustan Batkarrehega (India must be divided)
he said: Batgava Hindustan Milgava Pakistan (India has
been divided we have got Pakistan).

Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali 1innah; 1he Aation's Joice, Vol. V, Deadlock,
Frustration and Riots, Annotated Speeches, Statements, Interviews and
Messages/Advice May 1946-February 1947, edited by Waheed Ahmad, Quaid-i-
Azam Academy, Karachi, 2001, p. 33. See also Dawn, June 6, 1946; Civil &
Military Gazette, June 6, 1946.
The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 45
150

~Concentrate on right kind of Education and
improvement of Economic Condition
Secundrabad, Julv 14, 1946
Addressing a memmouth public meeting oI
Muslims at Secundrabad on July 14, 1946, the Quaid
advised the Muslim youth to concentrate on right kind oI
education and improvement oI economic condition.
Advising the Muslims in general the Quaid said that: 'you
have to learn the Iirst lesson which makes a nation. Each
individual member should be ready without hesitation to
make sacriIice Ior the collective good.

~Cabinet Mission have played into Congress
hands -Our ~only tribunal is the Muslim
Nation-~Pakistan only Solution-Discipline-
the Motto
AIter the departure oI the Cabinet Mission Irom
India and as a result oI the three and a halI months
constitutional negotiations the Quaid concluded that the
Muslim League had no other course but to depend on its
own strength and to adhere to its goal oI Pakistan. He
observed: 'I Ieel the time has come Ior the Muslim
League and I have been saying so that our motto should be

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 125; See also Dawn, July 15, 1946.
151
discipline, unity and trust in the power oI our own nation.
II there is not suIIicient power create that power.

While criticizing Jawaharlal Nehru`s statement
regarding amending the Constituent Assembly and, also
reIerring to the statement oI Lord Pethick Lawrance in the
House oI Lords in which he had expressed 'unconvincing
optimism in the Indian people in view oI the Congress
stand, the Quaid categorically remarked:
'I Ieel we have exhausted all reasons. It is
no use looking to any other source Ior help
or assistance. There is no tribunal to which
we can go. The only tribunal is the Muslim
nation.

As to the utterance oI M.K. Gandhi when he had
said that the Congress represented the whole oI India and
that the Congress was the trustee Ior the people oI India,
the Quaid remarked:
'It is an alarming status he wants. We have
enough experience oI one trustee that has
been here Ior 150 years. We do not want the
Congress to become our trustee.the only
trustee oI the Muslims is the Muslim
nation.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 138, 144, 147; See also Star of India, July 31,
1946.
152
League Council is the Parliament of the
Muslim Nation
Addressing the All-India Muslim League Council
meeting held on July 28, 1946, at Bombay, which had
gathered to ascertain Iuture line oI action in the presence
oI the new developments specially when the British
government had undoubtedly gone back on their words
and having thrown herselI into the hands oI the Hindu
Congress, the Quaid remarked:
'It is true the Cabinet Delegation and the
Viceroy have betrayed the Muslim nation.
We accepted their proposals long term and
short-term. But since they have scrapped the
interim proposals, you have to decide what
we should now do, Ior the proposals are
interdependent and inseparable.I am not
prepared to accept responsibility Ior any
decision as to the Iuture unless you Iorce it
down my throat. It is your bounded duty to
decide what we should now do Ior you are
the parliament oI the Muslim nation. The
President and the Working Committee will
carry out any policy laid down by you.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 153, 154; See also Dawn, July 29, 1946.
153
~Today Your National Existance is at Stake
AIter three days deliberations the Council oI the
All-India Muslim League passed two resolutions relating
to rejection oI the Cabinet Mission proposals and deciding
to resort to Direct Action Ior the achievement oI Pakistan
and calling upon Muslims to renounce the titles conIerred
by the British government.
On this historic occasion the Quaid, in his
concluding remarks said that the Muslim League was not
what it was ten or Iive or one year ago. It was not even
what it was yesterday. 'Today your national existence is
at stake, said the Quaid and, also, congratulated the
House Ior successIully passing the momentous
resolutions. 'We shall establish Iull sovereign Pakistan
concluded the Quaid.
On this occasion many top-ranking League leaders
spoke in support oI the resolution. Sardar Abdur Rab
Nishtar was the Iirst to speak. Sir Mohammad Saadullah,
Iormer Premier oI Assam also spoke on this occasion. Mr.
H. S. Saharwardy made Iighting speech. He said that:
'The Congress is out to destroy Muslim resistance
in this country. We await the clarion call oI the Quaid-i-
Azam. The Muslim nation has been straining at its
leash.let the Congress beware that it is not going to Iight
just a handIul oI people Ior power but a nation which is
struggling Ior its liIe, and it will secure that liIe.
154
Besides Chaudhary Khaliquzzaman, Syed Ali
Akbar Shah (Sind) Maulana Javed Mian (U.P.) Mr.
Qadeer-ud-din (Delhi) and Mr. Hossain Imam (Bihar) also
spoke who said: 'Today is a red-letter day in the history oI
the Muslim nation. The vital decision to launch a struggle
against all the Iorces that stand in your way oI authority
Pakistan would be taken away.

~Muslim League decision of Direct Action is for
our own self-preservation
In a Press ConIerence at Bombay on July 31, 1946,
replying to a question about the League`s decision about
the Direct Action, the Quaid said this decision is the
means to preserve our own selI-preservation and selI-
deIence. Besides other issues the Quaid while reIerring to
Foreign press reaction to the Muslim Leagues latest
resolutions with regard to Direct Action and denouncing
oI titles conIerred by the British government, the Quaid
said that he could not expect the British press to say that
the mission was guilty oI breach oI Iaith. Naturally the
comment was that the decision the League had taken was
a grave one and so it was. He thought that there was an
incorrect appreciation oI the real situation. He said that
when some papers talked oI democracy they Iorgot the
realities in India. II India was a hamogenous country and

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 161, 162; See also Dawn, July 30, 1946; Star of
India, July 31, 1946.
155
one nation then one could talk oI democracy. But India
was a subcontinent conspiring oI nationalities which
Pathick Lawrence admitted during the recent debate. The
Quaid said:
'There are two major nations here. This is
the root cause and essence oI our troubles.
When there are two major nations how can
you talk oI democracy which means that one
nation majority will decide everything Ior
the other nation although it may be
unanimous in its opposition. II all the
Muslims were to say: we do not agree to
this` even then the majority decision will be
Iorced on the Muslims as they are three to
one. II there is one nation then there is no
trouble at all. These two nations cannot be
judged by western democracy. But they
should each be treated as equals and
attempts should be made to solve the
diIIiculties by acknowledging that Iact.

Pakistan Scheme gives freedom to both
Hindus and Muslims
In a Press Interview on August 5, 1946, at Bombay,
the Quaid declared that the suggestion to reIer the

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 178; See also Dawn, August 1, 1946; Civil &
Military Cazette, August 1, 1946.
156
League`s case to arbitration was unacceptable to him. It
may be recalled that this suggestion was made by Sardar
Vallabhabhai Patel, while speaking on the occasion oI Bal
Ganga Dhar Tilk anniversary celebration at Bombay. The
Quaid said that this proposal was made to 'impress upon
the ignorant public here and aboard that the Congress is so
reasonable and so reconciliatory but the Muslim League is
intransigent The Quaid reiterated that the Congress had
rejected the long-term proposals and that its acceptance
was no acceptance at all.
During the course oI his interview the Quaid dealt
with Patel`s assertions and said that:
'Mr. Patel says the League and the
Congress pull in opposite directions. One
wants to divide India into Pakistan and
Hindustan while the other yearns Ior a
united India. It was clear. Mr. Patel adds,
that the two have no common meeting
ground and that coalition between the
Congress and the League was impossible Ior
the organizations holding views which were
diametrically opposed to each other. But
when we demand Pakistan and division oI
India into Hindustan and Pakistan, our
scheme gives Ireedom and independence to
both the major nationsthe Hindus and the
Muslims whereas the Congress and Mr.
Patel are adamant and wish to establish a
157
united India with a strong Iederal central
government which means that 100 million
Muslims are to be brought under the yoke oI
caste Hindu majority rule, and it means
Ireedom only Ior the Hindus and slavery Ior
Muslims under Hindu raj.

Criticizing Patel`s advice to him to become
nationalist` the Quaid said:
'I suppose he means a Congress
nationalistand accept that the Congress
represents all India on imaginary Iooting
that India was one country and one nation.
Whereas the Iacts are that the Congress is
nothing but a caste Hindu organization. But
his advice that I should become a nationalist
and cease to be a communalist means
nothing except that I should bury the
Pakistan demand, disown the Muslim nation
and appear beIore him in sack-cloth and
ashes, and aIter that, we have entirely
thrown ourselves at their mercy, we can
have as many seats in the proposed
Executive as we like as their creatures.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 181, 188, 189; See also Dawn, August 6, 1946.
158
~The only solution is India`s division into
Pakistan and Hindustan
While objecting to the Viceroy`s broadcast
regarding the Iormation oI the Interim Government the
Quaid said that his broadcast had struck a serious blow to
the Muslim League and Muslim India. He reiterated that:
'The only solution oI India`s problem is a
division oI India into Pakistan and
Hindustan which would mean real Ireedom
Ior the two major nations and every
possible saIeguards Ior the minorities in the
respective states.

~Let us stand united into our motto: Unity, Faith
and Discipline
On the auspicious occasion oI Id the Quaid in his
message wished the Muslim nation oI India happiness
and prosperity. He said:
'I want every Musalman, man, woman and
child, to resolve on this auspicious day to
work as disciplined soldiers in every
department oI liIe, educational, social,
economical and political and thus build up

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 243, 244; See also Dawn, August 27, 1946; Civil
& Military Cazette, August 27, 1946.
159
Ior our nation oI 100 million people a place
worthy oI our glorious past and historic
traditions.
He Iurther said that:
'Today the horizon is dark Ior us.we are
viliIied, misrepresented and threatened Irom
every direction (through condemnatorv
letters to the Quaid regarding his
policv).The Muslim League is ignored and
bypassed, tremendous Ialse propaganda is
carried on to throw the blame on the Muslim
League Ior which there is not an iota oI
justiIication.the British public is kept in
darkness and parliament is in recess. This
has created a very grave and dangerous
situation Ior us and we must Iace it as a
united nation and go through the test and
Iire oI being suppressed, oppressed and
persecuted.

Declines to keep Muslim League sentries at
his residence
As to the oIIer oI the Bombay Provincial Muslim
National Guards to provide sentries at his residence, the
Quaid was quoted as saying that he had trust in God who

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 247, 248; See also Dawn, August 29, 1946; Civil
& Military Cazette, August 29, 1946.
160
would keep him alive as long as he was required to serve
the Muslim nation.

~Two Distinct Nations
In an interview to Ralph Izzard oI Daily Mail,
Bombay, on September 11, 1946, the Quaid reIerred to
Jawaharlal Nehru`s broadcast regarding the question oI
assurance to the League about Grouping` and termed it as
vague words and vague phrases without any deIinite
proposals.
'I have been stabbed: vague phrases and words
alone will not stop the bleeding. He said that the new
labour government was too new and inexperienced to
understand the problem oI Muslim India. He said that the
British government had allowed itselI to be tricked by the
Hindu Congress. He said:
'They have Iailed to realize that there are
two distinct nations in India. Each has
diIIerent Iundamental characteristics and
national ambitions.
'I can understand an alliance or treaty
between them and they might, in certain
circumstances, unite temporarily to Iace a
common danger. But the idea oI permanent

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 253; See also Star of India, August 31, 1946.
161
coalition is absurd as the position now is,
one distinct nation is placed at the mercy oI
the numerical superiority oI another. I see a
very dark Iuture ahead.

Interim government-Constituent Assembly
In an interview to J. Hennessy oI Kamslay
newspapers oI Britain, the Quaid while reIerring to his
critics allegations about his attitude which might result in
a civil war such as Calcutta and Bombay, he said that:
'The last thing that I seek is bloodshed.
'It is to avoid bloodshed and to create
conditions in which India`s two nations can
live as Iriendly neighbours that I oIIer my
constructive solutionPakistan.
The Quaid Iurther observed that:
'The Underlings have brought us to a point
where we Iace two choices and only two.
One is the choice oI a civil war which would
ruin the Hindu and Muslim nations alike
and Irom which I hope we can be spared,
although we are nearer to it many persons
seem able to realize or willing to admit. The
other choice is peaceIul settlement through
negotiating among the leaders Irom this

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 269, 270; See also Dawn, September 11, 1946.
162
country and the highest authorities in
Britain. This would have to be a conIerence
in which the good oI the people, instead oI
the Iace-saving oI individuals, would be oI
paramount consideration. It would need to
be carried out in calm surroundings with
sincere determination, honesty and skill.
It was in this interview that the Quaid emphasized
that he had not reIused to participate in the Interim
Government and said: 'what is required to meet this
situation is a deIinite and categorical statement regarding
the points in dispute.

~Stand united and I assure you no power on earth
can prevent you from attainment of Azad
Kashmir
In a message to the 15
th
annual session oI the all
Jammu and Kashmir ConIerence, New Delhi, October 26,
1946, the Quaid said that:
'My message and earnest appeal to Muslim
leadership in Kashmir is: Organize your
people, educationally, socially, economically
and politically and set your hand on
constructive nation building programme.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 272, 275, 277; See also Civil & Military Cazette,
September 12, 1946.
163
'Stand united, work selIlessly, perseveringly
and in a disciplined manner and I assure you
no power on earth can prevent you Irom the
attainment oI Azad Kashmir and the
realization oI your just and legitimate
rights.

~Men and women must march together
While addressing a crowded gathering oI Muslim
women and girl students on November 3, 1946 at New
Delhi, the Quaid said:
'From the early days oI my liIe when I was
a student I believed, and I still believe, that
no nation can make any progress without
men and women marching together on terms
oI equality.

~My body and soul are devoted to Muslim Nation
While addressing an Id reunion gathering at Delhi
on November 5, 1946, the Quaid made an announcement
with regard to cancellation oI his scheduled prgramme oI
Bihar, because oI grave situation over there. He said that
although the situation was critical yet he believed that the

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 333, 334; See also Dawn, October 27, 1946.
The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 353; See also Dawn, November 4, 1946; Civil &
Military Cazette November 5, 1946.
164
Muslims were brave and exhorted them to set their house
in order. He said that:
'We have achieved much during the last
seven years. We have made the Muslims a
nation in India. But much remains to be
done yet.what is going all over India is day
and night in my mind. I welcome criticism
because that is your right. I spend most oI
my time reading, listening, studying. I read
every line oI every letter that reaches me.
My body and soul are devoted to the Muslim
nation, and God help me, I will not Iail
you.

Welcome to 1ogindera Nath Mandal
During the course oI his Address the Quaid turned
to Jogindera Nath Mandal, Law Member in the Interim
Government, who was present by invitation, and said:
'I welcome you Irom the bottom oI my
heart.It is a shame that 60 million people
should be condemned as untouchables. At
the Round Table ConIerence I Iought Ior
your community more than I Iought Ior the
Muslims.I Ielt that your community was
let down because you were weak. You are
sacriIiced to the Congress and Mr. Gandhi.
This great Muslim nation could not watch
all this without doing anything. I Ielt that
165
here was the time to show, not by talking but
by action, that we meant to help you and to
stand by you.

~Muslim League joined Interim Government to
safeguard interests of Muslims and other
communities
In an interview to Arab News Agencv, on
November 7, 1946 at New Delhi, the Quaid said the
Muslim League had joined the Interim Government to
saIeguard the interests oI Muslims and other communities.
He said that:
'As the Interim Government was constituted
by the Viceroy prior to our participation in
it, the administration oI government oI India
was entirely in the hands oI caste Hindu-
dominated Congress. And the Muslim
nation has nothing absolutely nothing in
common with caste Hindus. Not only is
there a complete lack oI community oI
purpose between Muslim and the Hindu, but
in many vital aspects oI our individual and
national welIare, Hindus are antagonistic to
Muslims. Under these circumstances, we
considered it would be Iatal to leave the

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 356, 357; See also Dawn, November 5, 1946.
166
entire Iield oI administration oI the central
government in the hands oI the Congress.
There was the Iurther reason that in the absence oI
Muslim League representatives, the central Hindu
government and the Viceroy might have included
Muslims who did not command the respect and
conIidence oI Muslim India. This could as indeed it did
lead to very serious consequences.

Two Nations
'It created a Ieeling oI tension throughout
India which has created conditions in which
there have been very serious communal
disturbances. Thousands oI people died and
have been injured in these troubles.it is
essential that the government should have an
interest in the development oI the
community as a whole. Caste Hindus do not
have that interest in Muslims. By history, by
tradition, by every Iactor they are a
completely distinct people Irom the
Muslims. So iI the Muslim nation was to
continue the progress which Iollowed its
awakening six or seven years ago, iI it were
to survive at all, we decided that it was vital
that we should nominate our representatives
to the Interim Government.
167
'I cannot Ioretell the Iuture. In my view, the
Muslims and Hindus cannot cooperate any
more or come into closer association
than they have done so Iar. In my view they
are two entirely separate nations who must
approach their destiny as two separate
nations.

~Muslim League has not agreed to the basis of
Interim government
In an interview to Miss Cummings oI Christian
Science Monitor, on November, 1946 at New Delhi, the
Quaid said that the Muslim League 'has not agreed to the
basis oI the scheme Ior Interim Government. It has been
imposed by the decision oI the Viceroy with the authority
oI His Majesty`s Government. The Quaid said that the
Congress had gone into the Interim Government and was
maneuvering with the British to bypass the Muslim
League which was Iatal Ior Muslim interests, thereIore,
instead oI leaving the Congress sole incharge oI the
administration, the League was Iorced to nominate their
Iive sentinels to watch over and saIeguard Muslim
interests.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 364, 365; See also Dawn, November 8, 1946;
Star of India, November 8, 1946.
168
The Quaid again reIerred to his conviction saying
that the only solution to Indian problem was Pakistan. He
said:
'The solution is to divide India into two
great independent states by separating
Muslim India Irom Hindu India as Pakistan
and Hindustan.
The Quaid maintained that:
'The north-west and the north-east parts oI
India are Muslim homelands where the
Muslims are in an overwhelming majority oI
over 70 percent and that the south-west,
where the caste-Hindus are in a majority oI
roughly 60 per cent, is Hindu India. Pakistan
is the true road to Ireedom and independence
oI this subcontinent and its two great
nations, the Hindus and the Muslims.

~No nation can achieve greatness without
Education
While addressing the main Iunction oI Jamia Millia
Islamia Jubilee Celebrations, at New Delhi, on November
17, 1946, the Quaid paid warm tributes to Dr. Zakir
Hussain Khan and his colleagues Ior their sacriIice and
devotion Ior the development oI Jamia Millia during the

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 370; See also Dawn, November 9, 1946.
169
diIIicult period oI test and trial. Appreciating the Jamia,
the Quaid said: 'Jamia is growing institution and I have
no doubt that it is a National Muslim University. It has
become the pioneer oI the movement oI Muslim national
education and its example might be Iollowed in other parts
oI India.
The Quaid eulogized the services oI Dr. Zakir
Hussain Khan and advised him to remove by his hard work
the so-called allegations against the Jamia which were
labeled against it in the past. The Quaid observed that:
'UnIortunately Muslim India was dead but a
great awakening is sweeping the nation
which very Iew people realize and
understand. We have realized the importance
oI education without which no nation can
achieve greatness. I hope that you will IulIill
the need oI the Muslim nation.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 392, 393; See also Dawn, November 18, 1946. It
is available in Shamsul Hasan Collection, hereaIter called as SH Collection.
It may be noted that besides the Quaid, many oI Muslim leaders and common
persons including men oI eminence in the general gatherings as well as in their
letters addressed to the Quaid-i-Azam, made Irequent use oI the word nation Ior
Indian Muslims. A Iew reIerences to this eIIect have already appeared in the
previous pages. In this context, a letter authored by a senior Muslim Air Force
personnel stationed at Air Head Quarter, Delhi, namely Wing Commander,
Mohammad Khan Janjua, need special mention when he wrote to the Quaid on
November 19, 1946:
'Allow me to join hundreds oI millions in congratulating you on your
latest achievement and Ior steering the course oI our nation through the
most critical time in all our history.you have given us everything that a
nation requires to get on the move.May God keep you at the helm oI
our nation Ior many decades.
The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 395.
170
~What we want in Pakistan
London, December 13, 1946
During his stay at London on the occasion oI talks
with the British Government along with other Indian
leaders the Quaid happened to address Muslims residing
over there. While addressing a crowded gathering oI
Muslim League Branch in Great Britain, Kingsway Hall,
London, on December 17, 1946, the Quaid remarked that
the Hindu Congress was responsible Ior obstructing the
Ireedom oI the people oI India. He said that the Muslims
were entitled to establish their government in India. He
observed that:
'Sooner the British government and the
people oI great Britain realize the truth and
actual conditions in India the better it will be
not only Ior your nation but Ior the Hindus
as well.
Continuing the Quaid elaborated his point oI view
and said that Pakistan was not harmIul Ior Hindus but
instead it would provide Ireedom to them as well. As to
his demand oI Pakistan, the Quaid remarked:
'In the north-west and north-east zones oI
India which are our homeland and where we
are in a majority oI 70 per cent against caste
Hindus we say we want a separate state oI
our own. There we can live according to our
own notions oI liIe. The diIIerences between
171
Hindus and Muslims are so Iundamental that
there is nothing that matters in liIe upon
which we agree. It is well known to any
student oI history that our leaders, our
culture, our language, our music, our
architecture, our jurisprudence, our social
liIe are absolutely diIIerent and
distinct.what do we want? I tell you
Pakistan, Pakistan presupposes that
Hindustan should also be a Iree state.

~Hindu India and Muslim India must be
Separated
In a tape-recorded interview to the BBC, London,
on December 13, 1946, the Quaid threw light on the
diIIerences between the Hindus and Muslims in India and
emphasized as to why a separate homeland oI Muslims
was inevitable. While greeting the people oI Great Britain,
on behalI oI Muslim India, the Quaid observed:
'As you know, oI the many races, creeds
and religions that inhabit the vast
subcontinent oI India, there are two major
nations, the Hindu and Muslims. Hundred
millions oI Muslims cannot be characterized

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 470; See also Dawn, December 15, 1946. The
Quaid-i-Azam had gone to London Ior talks at the invitation oI the British
Government.
172
as a minority. We are 70 millions in the
north-western and north-eastern zones oI
India. We constitute a majority oI 70 per
cent against the caste Hindus in these
homelands oI ours. We want the division oI
India into Hindustan and Pakistan because
that is only practical solution which will
secure Ireedom oI both Hindus and Muslims
and the achievement oI stable and enduing
governments Ior Hindustan and Pakistan.
'Hindu India and Muslim India must be
separated between the two nations which
are entirely distinct and diIIerent and, in
some matters, antagonistic to each other. Let
me tell you some oI the diIIerences; we
diIIer in our history, culture, language,
architecture, music, laws, jurisprudence,
calendar and our entire social Iabric and
code oI liIe. One India is impossible to
realize which will inevitably mean that the
Muslims would be transIerred Irom the
domination oI the British to the caste Hindu
rule, a position that Muslims will never
accept. As an all India minority, which will
be under the rule oI permanent Hindu
majority oI about three to one, which will
virtually mean one nation ruling another
(nation) by means oI ballot-box.
173
'Unless the gravity oI this aspect oI the
problem is realized and tackled Irankly and
boldly by the British Government, chaos is
inevitable which must have serious
repercussions and endanger the world peace.
Our scheme oI division oI India gives
Hindus three-Iourth oI the country and the
Muslims secure a dominant voice in the
remaining one quarter on India, thereby
giving the two nations scope and
opportunity to develop in accordance with
their own culture and ideology so as to
contribute to the peace and advancement oI
the world as a whole.
'Muslims desire Ireedom more than anyone
else because love Ior Ireedom, Iraternity and
liberty is the liIeblood oI their existence. But
Ireedom must mean Ireedom Irom the
British exploitation and Hindu domination.
Hundred million oI Muslims will never
agree merely to a change oI masters.

~Only solution is division of India
In a broadcast message to the United States Irom
London, on the night oI December 14, 1946, the Quaid

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 475, 476; It was reproduced in the Pakistan
1imes, Lahore, March 23, 1990.
174
categorically said that there was no choice leIt except to
divide India into two independent states which he turmed
as the only solution to the Indian problem. He said that
'sooner the Britain declared its intension oI giving eIIect
to Pakistan, the greater the chance oI avoiding a terriIic
disorder. He IorceIully said that:
'The present position in India is really a very
perilous one. The Hindus and the Muslims
are two nations distinct and diIIerent Irom
each other in everything that matters in liIe.
II the (Bihar) tragedy that has already been
seen in India during the recent months is not
immediately arrested, and the British
government Iollows a policy oI driIt, the
consequences will be that India will be
Iorced into a civil war, which is bound to
have repressions all over the world. In the
province oI Bihar alone, more than 30,000
Muslims have been slaughtered by organized
Hindu mobs and 150,000 rendered destitute
and homeless.my considered opinion is that
there is only one solution oI this problem and
that is to divide India into Pakistan and
Hindustan Pakistan, where the Muslims will
be 70 per cent against caste Hindus and
Hindustan, where the caste Hindus are in a
majority oI 75 per cent. The sooner the
British government make a deIinite
declaration and indicate their intention to
175
give eIIect to it, the greater will be the chance
oI avoiding a terriIic disaster, which I see in
Iront oI me.One India means slavery Ior the
Muslims under the permanent caste Hindu
majority domination. Muslim India will not
submit to that.
'I know there is lot oI propaganda going on.
Muslim India is misrepresented and viliIied.
We yearn Ior Ireedom more than anybody
else, and we want to be Iree Irom British
domination, but what is the choice beIore us
not to be transIerred to Hindu raj. We
want to remain Iree and independent
sovereign state and be Iriendly with
neighbours oI Hindustan. I am sure that the
Hindus will realize that it is an impossibility
to treat cruelly 100,000,000 people. They
are not a minority - they are a nation.

~The Goal of complete Independence is Pakistan
In a Press ConIerence at London in December 14,
1946, the Quaid reaIIirmed his Iaith in Pakistan and said
things would get worse iI Britain did not act boldly and
Irankly.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 479, 480; See also Civil & Military Cazette,
December 15, 1946.
176
In reply to a question the Quaid explained that the
Congress was in brute majority in the Constituent
Assembly whereas the Muslim number is 79. Adding he
said:
'That is what people understand when they
talk oI democracy. As between the Hindus
and the Muslims, there is no such thing as
democracy. It is a majority oI one nation
that can overrule the unanimous decision oI
any other nation, because they are 79 and
the Congress are 292. In the perilous
position that the Muslims will be, we do not
want any outside interIerence in the sense
that somebody should tinker with us, but
there must be some provision within the
scheme itselI which will prevent a brute
majority taking the bit in its mouth and
running away.

In reply to a question with regard to Muslim
minority veto on progress, the Quaid answered:
'That is oIten said but it is absurd. Unless
the majority oI one nation can take what
decision it likes, the moment you do not
agree you are exercising your veto and you
are intransigent. In that the majority is to
grind down the minority completely, and the
minority has no remedy.
177
When the people said the Muslims were placing a
veto on the advance oI the majority, the Quaid asked:
'What majority do you mean? II you mean
the Hindus, we wish them Godspeed. Go
ahead establish your Hindustan, Irame your
constitution Ior the Hindus. Leave us alone
and we shall Irame a constitution Ior
Pakistan.

~United India policy will mark end of Muslims`
Culture and Islamic Civilization
Cairo, December 16-20, 1946
The Cairo Radio broadcast aired some detail oI the
Quaid`s visit to the capital oI Egypt between 16-20
December, 1946. It was in Arabic language, however, its
English rendering oI the piece, as produced by Mr. Ahmad
Abdul GhaIIar who was deputized by the Egyptian State
Broadcasting Service read:
'India is a vast Continent. Throughout her
past history, India did not have one central
government.The British at present have
advised the Indians to Iorm a central
government with headquarters at Delhi. But
the Muslims are suspicious oI such a move.
II the united India policy becomes a reality it
will mark the end oI the hundred million

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, p. 484; See also Civil & Military Cazette, December
15, 1946.
178
Muslims inhabiting the country. We have
demanded Iree state to be governed by the
majority in the north and east oI India that
is what we call Pakistan.In the Pakistan
zone we will be able to saIeguard the
heritage oI Islam and all the glory oI our
culture and civilization without any
interIerence Irom others. The rest oI India
will be under the Hindus. They will be Iree
to govern these regions as they like and as
their culture or civilization require them to
act.
'The Muslims and the Hindus are two
major nations oI India and are entirely
diIIerent Irom each other. The Muslims in
India have their codes oI civilization,
morality, society and oI all branches oI liIe
which go to make a nation distinct Irom the
other. We have our own law, culture, music
and religion. II India remains undivided it
will mean a Hindu majority oI three to one.
The Hindu majority will be able aIter
sometime to wipe out Muslim culture and
Islamic civilization which has been
preserved by the Indian Muslims with
greatest care through the ages.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 493, 495; See also Dawn, December 28, 1946.
179
~Education is the foundation of every nation, the
education for girls is as essential as that of boys
Karachi, Januarv 1947
In reply to a Welcome Address presented by Pir
Ilahi Bakhsh, President oI the Sind Madrassah Board, on
the occasion oI the Ioundation laying ceremony oI the
Sind Madrassah Girls High School by Madar-e-Millat
Mohatarma Fatima Jinnah, the Quaid said:
'Education is the Ioundation oI every
nation. The education Ior girls is as essential
as that oI boys. When both are educated,
they will work hand in hand Ior the progress
oI the nation.

Earlier, Pir Ilahi Bakhsh, in his Welcome Address
asserted that:
The Quaid was 'the sole representative oI the
hundred million Muslims oI this continent,
the sole interpreter oI their political wishes,
and their sole guide: and that Mr. Jinnah`s
(Quaid-i-Azam`s) Iootsteps make history and
on his decisions hangs the destiny oI a great
and historic nation.

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp-518, 519, 521; See also Sind Observer, January
14, 1947.
180
~I am really proud of Bihar Muslims, they have
certainly brought our goal of Pakistan nearer.
Karachi, Februarv 24, 1947
While addressing a group oI Bihar Muslims in their
reIugee camp, at Karachi, the Quaid said that the All-India
Muslim League will not yield an inch in their demand Ior
Pakistan as their demand was just and was the only way to
liberate the 100,000,000 Muslims in India. The Quaid said
that the suIIerings oI the Bihar Muslims and elsewhere
only showed more clearly that they should have a separate
state oI Pakistan. He said:
'Nations are built through sacriIices, and I
am really proud oI the Bihar Muslims who
had sacriIiced so much. Their sacriIices will
not go in vain. They have certainly brought
our goal oI Pakistan nearer and shown our
readiness to make any sacriIice Ior its
attainment.

Welfare of your Nation
Bombav, March 12, 1947
While addressing Bombay Provincial Muslim
Journalists Association at Bombay, on March 12, 1947,
the Quaid said that:
'There is no other course open except that we
must organize ourselves in every department

The Nations Joice, Vol. V, pp. 548-589; See also Pakistan 1imes, February 25,
1947; Civil & Military Cazette, February 25, 1947.
181
oI our liIe. Journalism has a very important
part to play in the liIe oI our nation. 'II I
go wrong, or Ior that matter, the League goes
wrong in any direction oI its policy or
programme, I want you to criticize it honestly
as its Iriend, in Iact, as one whose heart is
beating with the Muslim Nation.

~We have to organize our own Nation
While addressing Memon Chamber oI Commerce,
Bombay, on March 27, 1947 the Quaid said:
'Today the Musalmans stand at a united
sovereign nation, Iully prepared to make
any sacriIices Ior Pakistan.United India
can only mean the rule oI one nation over
the another. United India means three votes
Ior Hindus and one vote Ior Muslims.
ThereIore one nation with a brute majority
cannot rule and inIlict its own ideals on
another nation.I am sure that there two
great nations with the great Hindus and
Muslims in Hindustan and Pakistan will live
in a most Iriendly way.

Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali 1innah; 1he Aations's Joice; Vol. VI, Achieving
the Coal, edited by Waheed Ahmad, Quaid-i-Azam Academy, Karachi, 2002, pp.
3-4; See also Dawn, March 13, 1947; Civil & Military Cazette, March 13, 1947.
182
Discussing the parliamentary system in India the
Quaid said that 'India is neither a country nor a nation but
is a score oI nations. Addressing the business community
among the Muslims, the Quaid said that:
'There was no other way Ior their progress
but to organize our own nation.

Condolence Message on the death of Begum
Maulana Mohammd Ali 1ohar
In a condolence message on the death oI Begum
Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar the Quiad said that:
'She was one oI the outstanding Iigures
amongst the Muslim women oI India and
was a true servant oI the Muslim nation and
Islam.Her death is undoubtedly a loss to
the nation and to the cause oI Muslim
women in general.

Pakistan to be an independent nation of the
British Commonwealth
August 26, 1947
In an interview with the Quaid-i-Azam the Viceroy
oI India, Lord Mountbatten recorded that the Quaid while
taking into account the Hindu mentality said that:

Source: The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, op.cit., p. 15, 16, 17, 18; See also Dawn,
March 27, 1947.
The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, pp. 20-21; See also Dawn, March 30, 1947.
183
'In Iact the leaders oI Congress are so
dishonest, so crooked, and so obsessed with
the idea oI smashing the Muslim League,
that there are no lengths to which they will
not go to do so; and the only way oI giving
Pakistan a chance is to make it an
independent nation oI the British
Commonwealth, with its own army, and the
right to argue cases at any Central Council
on this basis.

~We want a national home and national state in
our homelands
In a statement issued Irom New Delhi on April 30,
1947, the Quaid reiterated his demand Ior the creation oI a
Muslim National State consisting oI six provinces. He said:
The question oI the division oI India as
proposed by the Muslim League is based on
the Iundamental Iact that there are two
nationsHindus and Muslims and the
underlying principle in that we want a
national home and national state in our
homelands which are predominantly
Muslims and comprise the 6 units oI the

The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, p. 71; See also 1ransfer of Power, Vol. X, p. 55.
184
Punjab, N.W.F.P., Sindh, Baluchistan,
Bengal and Assam.

~Partition of Punjab and Bengal not a practicable
proposition
Mav 3, 1947
In an interview with Mr. Walter Monckton, while
speaking on the issue oI partitioning oI India into Pakistan
and Hindustan, the Quaid reiterated his belieI that there
were two nations in the subcontinent amongst whom was
it to be divided as separate homelands oI Muslim and
Hindus. He said:
'The reason Ior Pakistan was that, based
upon religion, there were at least two
nations in India and each deserved not only
a home but a state. But the Iact that there
were, Ior instance, Muslims and Hindus in
Bengal does not mean that aIter providing a
home and a state in India Ior both nations,
you must go an splitting up existing units
down to villages in order to carry out same
theory oI partition.
He Iurther argued that to divide the province
artiIicially was wholly illogical and wrong. 'When you
provide a home and a state said that the Quaid, 'Ior each
oI the two nations, you ought to ensure that your solution

The Nations Joice, Vol. VI pp. 74-75; See also Pakistan 1imes, May 20, 1947.
185
is workable and this partition oI the Punjab and Bengal
was not a practicable proposition.

Today Muslims are one United Nation
New Delhi, Mav 10, 1947
While addressing a largely attended gathering oI
the All India Muslim Newspapers Association at Hotel
Imperial New Delhi, on May 10, 1947, the Quaid said
that:
'The Muslims throughout this subcontinent
are today as one united solid nation and we
shall achieve our objective-Pakistan.
Continuing the Quaid while dwelling on the subject
oI the Indian Language Press remarked 'Urdu is going to
be our national language but in the existing state oI
aIIairs, English is almost indispensable.

~Demand of Pakistan was based on the right of
self-determination
New Delhi, Mav 11, 1947
In an interview with the Associated Press oI
America on May 11, 1947 while criticizing Sardar Patel`s
monstrous proposal regarding giving the Interim
Government Dominion Status and power rejected it

The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, pp. 83-84.
The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, pp. 97, 98, 100; See also Dawn, May 11, 1947;
Civil & Military Cazette, May 11, 1947; Pakistan Times, May 13, 1947.
186
outrightly and characterized this proposal as 'only a
dream oI Mr. Patel.
The Quaid while recalling Patel`s accusation
against him remarked:
'The demand oI Pakistan was based on the
right oI selI-determination which is the
birthright oI Musalmans and it is not and
cannot be justiciable issue. Any intelligent
man would understand that the right oI selI-
determination is an inalienable right oI a
nation and the recognition oI the
sovereignty oI the people oI that nation by a
democratic process. And it cannot be made
the subject oI a vote oI two nations, Hindus
and Muslims.

~Education is not only important but essential for
the Nation
Mav 23, 1947
In a message given in a letter addressed to Mr.
Mohammad Daud, Principal, Sind Madrassatul Islam,
Lyari, Karachi, the Quaid while expressing his happiness
over the good progress made by the Sind Madrassatul
Islam observed that: 'Education oI our people is not only

The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, pp. 107, 108; See also Dawn, May 12, 1947.
187
important but essential Ior the nation Iunctioning Iully in
every department oI liIe.

~I can look forward to Pakistan becoming one of
the greatest Nations of the world
Karachi, August 11, 1947
While addressing the Iirst Pakistan Constituent
Assembly on August 11, 1947 at Karachi, the Quaid in his
exampore speech dwelt on a number oI items such as
maintenance oI law and order; Suppression oI bribery and
corruption; Fight against black marketing; Crushing oI
nepotism and jobbery; Future programme oI work as a
team; Freedom oI religious practice; Equal citizenship Ior
all in Pakistan and common citizenship.
On this occasion the Quaid said;
'No power can hold another nation, and
specially a nation oI 400 million souls in
subjection; nobody could have conquered
you. While concluding his address the
Quaid said that 'he shall always be guided
by the principles oI justice and Iair
play.My guiding principles will be justice
and complete impartiality, and I am sure that
with your support and conIederation, I can

The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, pp. 137, 138; Original letter is available in QAP.F-
1108/29.
188
look Iorward to Pakistan becoming one oI
the greatest nations oI the world.

Message for Dawn
New Delhi, August 15, 1947
While giving a message oI congratulations to the
management oI the daily Dawn, Ior its great services in
the struggle Ior Pakistan, the Quaid said:
'Now that we have achieved Pakistan and
our complete Ireedom and independence in
our homelands, may God Almighty grant us
and all those who have undertaken to serve
it, strength to construct and build Pakistan
and make it a great country and realize our
ideal that we shall make it one oI the
greatest nations oI the world.

~Muslims are a United Nation
August 15, 1947
Inaugurating the Pakistan Broadcasting Service on
August 15, 1947, the Quaid delivered the Iollowing
message to the nation:
'It is with Ieelings oI greatest happiness and
emotion that I send you my greetings.

The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, pp. 355, 360-366; See also Dawn, August 13, 1947;
Civil & Military Cazette, August 13, 1947; Pakistan 1imes, august 13, 1947.
Text oI the Quaid`s speech is published in speeches oI Quaid-i-Azam in the
Constituent Assembly oI Pakistan (1947-48), pp. 1-4.
The Nations Joice, Vol. VI, p. 381; See also Dawn, August 15, 1947.
189
August 15, is the birthday oI the
independent and sovereign state oI Pakistan.
It marks the IulIillment oI the destiny oI the
Muslim nation which made great sacriIices
in the past Iew years to have its homeland.
'Muslims oI India have shown to the world
that they are a united nation, their cause is
just and righteous which cannot be denied.
Let us, on this day, humbly thank God Ior
his bounty and pray that we might be able to
prove that we are worthy oI it. This day
marks the end oI a poignant phase in our
national history and it should also be the
beginning oI a new and a noble era.

Selected Speeches and Statements of the. Quaid-i-A:am Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(1911-34 and 1947-48) edited by Dr. M. RaIique AIzal, Research Society oI
Pakistan, University oI the Punjab, Lahore, 4th edition 1980, p. 429.

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