8 - Bangla Bacoron

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3.1 mw 16
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4. k I c` 25
4.1 wjvii wbqg I D`vniY 26
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4.5 avZz I wqvc` 38
4.6 gwjK I mvwaZ avZz 40
4.7 mKgK I AKgK wqv 42
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5.1 abvZK k, AbyKvi k I kZ 48
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6. evK 55
6.1 evK MVbi kZ 56
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7.1 Kgv, mwgKvjb, Kvjb I nvBdbi eenvi 62
8. evbvb 66
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5.4 Ub gY 117
5.5 gywhy hv`yNi 119
5.6 Avgvi Qjejv 122
5.7 evsjv`ki KlK 123
5.8 `bw`b Rxeb I wevb 125
5.9 Qv Rxebi `vwqZ I KZe 126
5.10 kgi ghv`v 128
5.11 cvVvMvii cqvRbxqZv 130
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5.13 Aaemvq 133
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AvRKi evsj vf vl vI eGK bq| mgqAwZevwnZ nI qvi Kvi Yf vl vi ~ci GBcwi eZbnq| GB
cwi eZbkxj Zvi Kvi Yf vl vK cengvbb`xi mZzj bvKi vnq| cKZc gbi f veK cKvki
Rbwewf bgvbemgvR wf bwf b`k bvbvi Kgi k eenvi Ki | Gj vBGKK `k GKK
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avi Yvi cKvkgv | ZvBhwk i gvZvi Rb-gyn~ZBgZzei YKi , mBwk hLbeo nq, mwcZv
evAb KvbvAwf f veKi Zveavb eo nj I Zvi gyLi mvavi Y f vl vK gvZf vl vB ej |
evsj v`ki AwaKvsk gvbyl Rbi ci gvqi Kvj Gesgvqi evsj vevj eo nq| evOvwj gvqi GB
eywj evsj v| ZvBevOvwj RvwZi gvZf vl vevsj v| Avevi evsj v`k AbK z`RvwZMvxevmKi |
Zvì I c_K gvZf vl vAvQ| evsj v`k QvovI f vi Zi cwge, w cyi v, Avmvg, wenvi , Dwol v,
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AbKi BgvZf vl vevsj v| ZvQvovI hy i vR, hy i v, dv, Rvcvb, Awj qv, KvbvWvmnweki e
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evsj v, Pvsgv, AvwPK, gwYcyi xf vl vBZvw`; f vi Zevsj v, Ri vwU, wnw`, cvvwe, Kvbvwo f vl vBZvw`;
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cwi Pvwj Zne GBckAvm| GckmgvavbK KvbvKvbvi vwbw` GK evGKvwaK f vl vK
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f vl vmg~neenvi nq| cwge, w cyi v, SvoL i vRGesAvmvg i vRi ei vK DcZKvi AbZg
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Aci wUj Lvi f vl vevj wLKi ~c| f vl vi gwLKi ~ci Avevi `yUvi xwZi qQ, h_v: Avwj Ki xwZI
cwgZi xwZ| Aci w`Kj wLKi ~ci I `yUvAvj v`vi xwZAvQ, hgb: Pwj Zi xwZI mvayi xwZ|
evsj vf vl vi GcKvi evi xwZ-f ` wbPi QKi mvnvh`Lvbnj v:
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K_i ~cKBAvwj Kf vl vi xwZej |
f vl v 3
hgbevsj v`ki PMvgAj i Avwj K f vl vi xwZ: J M&MvqvgvBb&l i `yqvcvqvAvwQj &| A_vr
GKRb j vKi `ywUQj wQj | Avwj K f vl vK Dcf vl vej | Avwj K f vl vq ki ewewP i ~c
`Lvhvq| hgb: Qj kwUAj f ` Qvqvj , QvI qvj , Qvevj , QBj , cvj v, cvqv, cyi v, evUv,
evWv, cyZ, ZBZvw` DPvwi Z nq|
cwgZ f vl vi xwZ : wewf bf vl vi xwZ Kvj gcwi gvwRZ nqmevi MnYhvMGKwUi ~c j vf Ki | GB
f vl vi xwZ mvavi YZ wkwZ j vKi K_vevZvI wbZeenvi Avi vAvKl Yxqnq| f vl vI hkgmva,
chZj Ges kLvi Kvbvwel q cwgZ f vl vi xwZ Zvi cgvY| GK K_vq, f vl vi meRbMvn I
mgKvj i mevPgvwRZi ~cKBcwgZf vl vi xwZej |
hgb: GKRbi `yUvQj wQj |
mvayf vl vi xwZ : h f vl vi xwZ AwaKZi Mvxhc~Y, Zrmg kej , wqvcì i ~c cvPxbi xwZ Abymvi x
GesAvwj KZvgy Zv- Bmvayf vl vi xwZ|
hgb: GKew i `yBwUcy wQj |
GBi xwZGLb aywj wLZM`cwi ` nq|
Pwj Z f vl vi xwZ : f vMxi _xb`xi Zxi eZxvbmg~ni gwLK f vl vi xwZ gvbyl i gyL gyL i ~cvi j vf
Ki cv`wkK kvewj MnY Ges PgrKvi evK&f wi mnhvMMo I V| GB f vl vi xwZKB Pwj Z
f vl vi xwZej | GBi xwZgwLKI wj wLZDf q BAvKl YxqI Avì Yxq|
hgb: GKRbj vKi `ywUQj wQj |
mvayf vl vi xwZi ewk
K. mvayf vl vi i ~c Acwi eZbxq| Aj f ` evKvj gGi Kvbvcwi eZbnqbv|
L. G f vl vi xwZ evKi Yi mywbavwi Z wbqg Abymi Y Ki Pj | Gi c`webvmmywbqwZ I
mywbw`|
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AvQ|
N. mvayf vl vi xwZ ayj Lvqeenvi nq| ZvBK_vevZv, e Zv, f vl YBZvwì DchvMxbq|
O. mvayf vl vi xwZZmebvgI wqvcì c~Yi ~c eeZnq|
Pwj Zf vl vi xwZi ewk
K. Pwj Zf vl vmeRbMvngvwRZI MwZkxj f vl v| ZvBGwUgvbyl i K_vevZvI j Lvi f vl vwnme
MnxZnqQ| GwUcwi Zbkxj |
L. Gf vl vi xwZevKi Yi cvPxbwbqgKvbybw`qme`vevLvKi vhvqbv|
M. Pwj Zf vl vi xwZZAcvKZmnR-mi j ki eenvi ewkej GwUekmvej xj , PUzj I Rxe|
N. ej vi I j Lvi f vl vej BGf vl ve Zv, f vl Y, bvUKi msj vc I mvgvwRKAvj vc-Avj vPbvi Rb
AZ DchvMx|
O. Pwj Zf vl vi xwZZmebvgI wqvcì msw i ~c eeZnq|
mvayI Pwj Z f vl vi xwZi ga bvbvw`K _K ek wKQzcv_KI i qQ| G`yBf vl vi xwZi ewk
_KBZvi avi YvcvI qvhvq| wbPmvayI Pwj Zf vl vi xwZi KqKwUcv_K`Lvbnj v:
mvayf vl vi xwZ Pwj Zf vl vi xwZ
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2. mvayf vl vi xwZmemgqevKi Yi wbqg 2. Pwj Zf vl vmemgqevKi Yi cvPxbwbqggb
gbPj | Pj bv|
3. mvayf vl vqc`webvmi xwZmywbw`| 3. Pwj Zf vl vqc`webvmi xwZAbKmgq
cwi ewZZnq|
4. mvayf vl vqZrmgevmsZki 4. Pwj Zf vl vqZrmgevmsZki
eenvi ewk| eenvi Kg|
5. mvayf vl ve ZvI f vl Yi 5. Pwj Zf vl ve Zv, f vl YI bvUKi msj vci
DchvMxbq| DchvMx|
6. mvayf vl vqmebvg, wqvI Aeq 6. Pwj Zf vl vqmebvg, wqvI Aeqcì
cì c~Yi ~c eeZnq| msw i ~c eeZnq|
7.mvayf vl vi yMxi , `yevaI gi | 7. Pwj Zf vl vPUzj , mi j I mvej xj |
8. mvayf vl vi xwZAcwi eZbxq, ZvBKw g| 8. Pwj Zf vl vi xwZcwi eZbkxj , ZvBRxe|
wbPi KqKwU mvayI Pwj Zf vl vi xwZi cv_K`Lvhvq| h_v:
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bn, cw_exi Kvbv`ki Bcyi vZbmvwnZDcbvmi `kbwgj bv| Dcbvmi cavbwekl ZBGB
h, Bnvm~YAvaywbKmvgMx|
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bvgZwMq`wL AwZw_ ùvwoq| wKi , GLvbI GmwQm? mj Rbo Zvi Revew`j , KxRvwb
gvbZvi Kx!
Kg- Abykxj b
1. gvbyl f vl vi mvnvhgbi KxKxf vecKvk Ki Zcvi Zvi GKUvZvwj KvZwi Ki |
2. GKRbf vl vweì bvgDjL Ki f vl vmKwZwbhmsvw`qQbZvj L|
3. Avgvi KvhAvwgKwi qvwQ| GYZvnvw`Mi BQvnBj AvgvKcyi vi c`vbKwi e|
GBi KgKi mvayf vl vq`kwUevKZwi Ki | Zvi ci mj vKPwj Zf vl vq
i ~cvi Ki `LvI |
4. Zvgvi cwVZGKwUM _Kwewf bcì GKwUZvwj KvZwi Ki | Zvi ci mj vi
mvayi ~ci mvnvh`kwUevKi PbvKi |
wZxqcwi Q`
awbI eY
2. awbI eY
2.1 awbI eY
2.2 g-dj vI e-dj vi DPvi Y
Kg- Abykxj b
2. awbI eY
1.1awbI eY
K. awb
Kvbvf vl vi DPvwi ZkK wekl YKi j hDcv`vbmg~ncvI qvhvqmj vK c_Kf veawb
ej | awbi mmvavi YZ A_i mswkZv_vK bv| awb Zwi nqevMhi mvnvh| awb
Zwi ZhmeevK&-cZmnvqZvKi mj vnj v dzmdzm, Mj bvwj , wRnv, Zvj y, gvwo, ùvZ,
VuvU, bvK BZvw`| gvbyl dzmdzmi mvnvhkvmMnYI ZvMKi | dzmdzm _K evZvmevBi
Avmvi mgq gyLi wewf bRvqMvq evavcvq| dj gyL bvbvai bi awbi mw nq| Ze me
awbBmef vl vMnYKi bv|
evsj vf vl vqeeZawbj vKcavbZ`yf vMf vMKi vnq: 1. î awb 2. ebawb|
1. î awb: hawbAbawbi mvnvhQvovwbRBm~Yf veDPvwi ZnqGeshvK
AvkqKi Abawbi mRb nqZvK î awb ej | evsj vf vl vqgwj K î awb
7wU| h_v: A, Av, B, D, G, I , Av|
2. ebawb: hawbî awbi mvnvhQvovi ~c DPvwi Z nZ cvi bvGesh
awbmvavi YZAbawbK AvkqKi DPvwi Znq, ZvK ebawbej | hgb:
K&, L&, M&, N&, c&, m&BZvw`| GBawbj vK cKf vekywZhvMKi DPvi Y
Ki Znj î awbi AvkqwbZnq| hgb: (K&+A=) K; (M&+A=) M; (c&+A=) c
BZvw`|
L. eY
awb gvbyl i gyLwbtmZ evqy_K m, ZvBGi KvbvAvKvi bB| Gj vgvbyl gyL DPvi Y
Ki GesKvb kvb| f vl vwj L cKvk Ki vi myweav_awbj vi cwZwbwa wnmewKQzcZxK
Zwi Ki vnqQ| GBcZxKi bvgeY| A_vr Kvbvf vl vwj LZhmeawb-`vZK cZxK ev
wP eeZnqZvKeYej | GBeYmg~ni mgwBnj veYgvj v|
evsj vawbi gZveYI ZvB`ycKvi : 1. î eY, 2. ebeY|
1. î eY: î awbi wj wLZwP evcZxKKej vnqî eY| evsj vf vl vqgwj K
î awb7wU| wKy î eY11wU| h_v: A, Av, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I , J |
2. ebeY: ebawbi wj wLZwP evcZxKKebeYej vnq| evsj vf vl vq
ebeY39wU| h_v:
K L M N O
P Q R S T
U V W X Y
Z _ ` a b
c d e f g
h i j
k l m n
o p q r
s t u
eYgvj v: Kvbvf vl vwj LZ h awb-`vZK cZxK evwPmg~n eeZ nq Zvi mgwB nj v
eYgvj v| evsj vf vl vqeeZeYmg~nKGK evsj veYgvj vej |
evsj veYgvj vqgvU50wUeYAvQ|
evsj veYgvj vqî eYi wj wLZi ~c `ywU: 1. c~Yi ~c 2. msw i ~c|
1. î eYi c~Yi ~c : evsj vf vl vj Lvi mgq Kvbvk ^vaxbf ve î eYemj Zvi c~Yi ~c
eeZnq| hgb:
ki c_g: AbK, AvKvk, Bwj k, DwKj , FY, GK|
ki ga: e`yBb, evDj , cvDi ywU, AvenvI qv|
ki kl : eB, eD, hvI |
2. î eYi msw i ~c : A- wf bAbî eYj vebeYi mmshy nj c~Yi ~ci e`j
msw i ~c cwi MnKi | î eYi Gai bi msw i ~cK Kvi ej | î eYi Kvi -wP
10wU| h_v:
Av- Kvi ( v) gv, evev, XvKv|
B- Kvi ( w) wKwb, wPwb, wgwb|
C- Kvi ( x) kkx, mxgvbv, i xwZ|
D- Kvi ( y) KzKzi , cyKzi , `ycyi |
E- Kvi ( ~) f ~Z, g~j , m~wP|
F- Kvi ( ) Kl K, ZY, cw_ex|
G- Kvi ( ) Pqvi , Uwej , gq|
H- Kvi ( ) Zwi , ei x, bFZ|
I - Kvi ( v) LvKv, cvKv, evKv|
J - Kvi ( ) bKv, gmywg, cl |
evsj veYgvj vqebeYi I `ywUwj wLZi ~c i qQ: 1. c~Yi ~c 2. msw i ~c|
1. ebeYi c~Yi ~c : ebeYi c~Yi ~c ki c_g, gaevkl ^vaxbf veem|
ki c_g: KweZv, covkvbv, UMi |
ki ga: KvKwj , Lyj bv, dzUej |
ki kl : Avg, kxZj , wmj U|
2. ebeYi msw i ~c : AbK mgq î eYevebeYi m mshy nI qvi Rb
ebeYi AvKvi msw nq hvq| ebeYi GBmsw i ~cK dj vej | ebeYi
dj v- wP 6wU| h_v:
b/ Y- dj v( b/ Y) wP, wewf b, hZ; / c~evn, Aci vn|
e- dj v( e) cK, wek, awb|
g- dj v( g) cv, gyn`, Zbq, wPbq|
h- dj v( ) LvwZ, Uvsi v, evsK|
i - dj v( ) q, Mn, i d ( ) - KK, eY|
j - dj v(j ) Kv, cxnv, Agvb|
awbI eY 11
evsj veYgvj vi î I ebeYDPvi YvbI awbcKwZAbyhvqxwebZ|
eYi DPvi Yvb
DPvi YvbAbymvi î I ebeYj vi bvgwbPi QK`Lvbvnj v:
eY DPvi Yvb DPvi YvbAbymvi eYi bvg
A, Av, K, L, M, N, O, n KevwRnvg~j KevwRnvg~j xqeY
B, C, P, Q, R, S, T, h, q, k Zvj y Zvj eeY
D, E, c, d, e, f , g I I eY
F, U, V, W, X, Y, i , o, p, l g~av g~abeY
G, H KI Zvj y KZvj eeY
I , J KI I KeY
Z, _, `, a, b, j , m ` èY
At e ` I I èY
eYi DPvi YcKwZ
A: A-Gi DPvi Y`yi Kg:
^vf vweK(A-Gi gZv) : AR(ARv), AKvj (AKvj &), K_v(K_v), kc_ (kc_&) ,
Y(Lb&), Rvj (Rb&Rvj &), Mqbv(Mq&bv), Ni (Ni &)|
weKZ(I -Gi gZv) : AwZ(I wZ), b`x(bvw`), Awf avb(I wf avb&), AZby(AZvby),
mygwZ(mygvwZ), gb(gbv), gM(gMv)|
Av: Av-Gi DPvi YI `yi Kg:
^vf vweK(Av-Gi gZv) : AvMvgx(AvMvwg), Avgi v(Avg&i v), Avkv(Avkv), AvKvk
(AvKvk&), Avj v(Avj v)|
weKZ(Av-Gi gZv) : vb(Muvb&), weLvZ(weK&LvZv)|
12 evsj vevKi YwbwgwZ
G: G- Gi `yi KgDPvi Ynq:
^vf vweK(G- Gi gZv) : GKwU(GK&wU), KK(KK&), KUwj (KU&wj ), gq(gq),
eb(eb&), gl (gk&)|
weKZ(Av- Gi gZv) : GK(AvK&), Lj v(Lvj v), ej v(evj v), Kb(Kvbv),
hb(hvbv)|
O: OGess(Aby^vi )- Gi DPvi YAsnq:
evO(evs), evOvwj (evsAvwj ), ewg(eswKg&), i O(i s)|
T : T- Gi DPvi YwZbi Kgnq:
^Z T : BuA- Gi gZv: wgT (wguqv), wgTv(wguqv)|
hy T +P/Q/R/S: b- Gi gZv: Aj (Ab&Pj &), evv(evb&Qv), eb(evb&Rvb&),
Sv(Sb&Sv)|
hy R+T : Mu&evM&Mu- Gi gZv: vb(Muvb&), h (hvM&Muv)|
k, l , m: Gj vi KqKi KgDPvi Ynq:
^Z k- Gi gZv: kw (kvK&wZ), gkv(gkv), kvmb(kvkvb&), mwPe( kvwPe&),
mvwnZ( kvwnZ&Zv), l uvo (kuvo&), l (kk&Vv)|
hy k +P/Q: k- Gi gZv: wbq(wbk&Pq&), wki ` (wki vk&Q`)|
hy k +b/i : Bsi wRs- Gi gZv: ck(cvm&bv), kg(mvg&)|
hy k +F/j : Bsi wRs- Gi gZv: kMvj (mMvj &), kvK(mvK&)|
hy k +e/g/h: ki c_gk/ku: kvm(kvk&), kZ(kZ&), kkvb(kukvb&),
kk~(kuvm&i y)|
ki ga/kl k&k : wbtkvm(wbk&kvk&), wek(wek&kv), i wk
(i vk&wku), `k(`k&kv)|
hy l +U/V: k- Gi gZv: wgvb(wgk&Uvb&bv), Abyvb(I byk&Vvb&), l x(kvk&wV)|
hy m+Z/_ : Bsi wRs- Gi gZv: wbZvi (wbm&Zvi ), `y (`ym&_v)|
hy m+b/i : ki c_gBsi wRs : mvb&(snvb), mn(snnv), mv(mvk&Uv),
mvZ( mvZ&)|
ki ga/kl m&m: mmn(km&mnv)|
awbI eY 13
hy m+e/g: ki c_gk/ku: ^Y(ki &b&bv), i Y(kui vb&)|
ki ga/kl kk&/m&m: me^ (ki &&evk&kv), mwZ(km&wgZv)|
2.2g- dj vI e- dj vi DPvi Y
g- dj vi DPvi Y
K. cì c_gg- dj v_vKj meYi DPvi YwKQzUvSuvKco GesmvgvbbvwmKî
nq| hgb: kkvb( kukvb&), i Y(kui vb&)|
KLbvKLbvgAbyPvwi Z_vKZI cvi | hgb: wZ(mwZevmuwZ)|
L. cì gaevkl g- dj vhy nj DPvi YmeYi wZnqGesmvgvbbvwmKî nq|
hgb : AvZxq (AvZ&wZuq), c (c`&ùv), weq (wek&kuq), f ~c (f k&kuvm&Zzc&), f
(f k&kuv), i wk(i vk&wku)|
M. M, O, U, Y, b, evj eYi mg- dj vhy nj , g- Gi DPvi YeRvq_vK| hy ebi
c_geYi î j y nq| hgb: evMx(evM&wg), gbq(gb&gq), Rb(Rb&gv), j (j &gv)|
e- dj vi DPvi Y
K. ki c_ge- dj vhy nj DPvi Y aymeYi Dci AwZwi SuvKco|
hgb: KwPr (KvwPr), wZ(w`Z&Zv), kvm(kvk&), ^Rb(kRvb), (`b&`v)|
L. ki gaevkl e-dj vhy nj hy ebwUi wZDPvi Ynq| hgb: wekvm
(wek&kvk&), cK(cK&Kv), Ak(Ak&kv), wej (wej &j v)|
M. mwRvZk hy e-dj vqe-Gi DPvi YeRvq_vK| hgb: w`wMRq(w`M&weRq),
w`Mj q(w`M&ej q)|
N. ki gaevkl eevg-Gi me-dj vhy nj e-Gi DPvi YeRvq_vK|
hgb: wZeZ(wZe&eZ). j ^(j g&ev)|
O. Dr DcmMi m e-dj vhy nj e-Gi DPvi Y envj _vK| hgb : Dv
(D`&evm&Zz), Dj (D`&ej &)|
14 evsj vevKi YwbwgZ
Kg- Abykxj b
1. Zvgvi `yBezi Avj vc gb w`qkvb| Zvi ci Zvì hDPvi Yj vZvgvi KvQA
gbnqZvLvZvqwj L Zvgvi wkKK`wLqwbRKhvPvBKi |
2. e-dj vhy evbvbe-Gi DPvi YKLbenvj _vK? m~ mn10wUk j L|
3. GKw`bweKj n` mveyevwoi DVvb_K gvgvej wPrKvi Ki ZKi ZNi XzKj |
wPrKvi bRZzbwewenKPwKqI V| mi vbvNi wQj | `yZcvKkvj v_K ewi qGm
mveyKwRmKi : Kxi ? GZvwPi cvom&Kvb?
DZvsk hmeKvi -Gi eenvi AvQ, mj vi avi vevwnKZvwj Kvc ZKi |
Kvi j vi cZKwUw`q`yUvbZzbk Zwi Ki |
4. kkvbcuQk i gkvBqi kkei wZi Ynj v| wMqwQj bwekbv_eveyi mrKvi mb
Ki Zcvb`xi cvo| wdi Gj bf veZnq, kkygybKi |
GLvbKvbKvbdj veenvi Ki vnqQ, mj vDj L Ki |
DZvsk Aej ^bkkvb, k i , i Y, mb, kkkvewj i DPvi Yj L|
awbI eY 15
ZZxqcwi Q`
mw
3. mw
3.1 mw
3.2 wemMmw
Kg-Abykxj b
3. mw
3.1mw
gvbyl K_vej vi mgqK_vi MwZ ew cvq| `yZ K_vej vi mgqKLbvKLbvKvQvKvwQ_vKv`yUv
awbi DPvi Y GKw Z nq hvq| evKi Y GK mw ej vnq| hgb : Avwg we`vAvj q hve|
evKwUej vi mgq Avwg we`vj q hvenq hvq| GLvb we`v- Gi Av- awb GesAvj q- Gi
Av- awbwgj MQ| W. gyn` knx`yj vn&wj LQb: `ywUeYAZ wbKUeZxnj DPvi Yi myweavi
RbDf qi wgj bnqGKeYevGKi i ~cvi evGKi j vc evDf qi i ~cvi nj Gi ~c wgj bK
mw ej |
GBmsvi Avj vK ej vPj : cvkvcvwk AewZ `yUvawbi wgj bi dj hw` GK awbmw nq,
ZeZvKmw ej |
mw ki A_wgj b| `yUvawbi mwZc_gki kl awbGesci i ki c_gawbi wgj b
NU| mwi dj bZzbbZzbki mw nq| K_vej vi mgqki DPvi YmnRnq| f vl vmsw
nqGes bZf vj vj vM|
mwZawbi Pvi ai bi wgj bnq:
1. Df qawbwgj GKwUawbnq|
2. GKwUawbe`j hvq|
3. GKwUawbj vc cvq|
4. Df qawbi e`j bZzbawbi mw nq|
evsj vmw `ycKvi : 1. î mw, 2. ebmw|
1. î mw : î awbi mî awbi wgj bhmw nq, ZvKî mw ej | hgb:
mvbv+Avwj =mvbvwj i ycv+Avwj =i ycvwj
wg_v+DK=wg_yK Kzwo +GK=KzwoK
b`x+Gi =b`xi gv+Gi =gvqi
2. ebmw : î awbi mebawb wKsevebawbi mebawb wgwj Z nqh
mw nq, ZvKebmw ej | hgb:
KuvPv+Kj v=KuvPKj v bvwZ+e=bvZe
QvU+`v=Qvo`v Dr +Pvi Y=DPvi Y
Avi +bv=Avbv Pvi +wU=Pvw
evsj vf vl vqAbK msZ k Kvbvi Kg cwi eZb QvoveeZ nq| Gj vK Zrmg k ej |
GmeZrmgki mw msZi wbqgBnq| ZvBmsZi wbqggbevsj vf vl vqeeZZrmg
ki mw 3cKvi | h_v: K. î mw L. ebmw 3. wemMmw
K. î mw : mnRm~ I D`vni Y
1. A, Avawbi mw
m~ D`vni Y D`vni Y
A+A=Av( v) be+Ab=bevb ci g+AYy=ci gvYy
A+Av=Av( v) Rj +Avkq=Rj vkq cvV+AvMvi =cvVvMvi
Av+A=Av( v) K_v+AgZ=K_vgZ Avkv+AZxZ=AvkvZxZ
Av+Av=Av( v) we`v+Avj q=we`vj q gnv+Avkq=gnvkq
2. B, Cawbi mw
B+B=C( x) AwZ+BZ=AZxZ i we+B`=i ex`
B+C=C( x) cwi +Cv=ci xv Awa+Cki =Aaxki
C+B=C( x) kPx+B`=kPx` gnx+B`=gnx`
C+C=C( x) kx+Ck =kxk cw_ex+Cki =cw_exki
3. D, E awbi mw
D+D=E ( ~) KUz+Dw =KU~w gi y+D`vb=gi ~`vb
D+E =E ( ~) j Ny+Ewg=j N~wg e+Ea=en~a
mw 17
E +D=E ( ~) ea~+Drme=ea~rme ea~+Dw =ea~w
E +E =E ( ~) f ~+Ea=f ~a
2. A/Av, B/Cawbi mw
A/Av+B/C=G() ^+BQv=^Qv h_v+B =h_
Ac +Cv=Acv gnv+Cki =gnki
3. A/Av, D/E awbi mw
A/Av+D/E =I (v) m~h+D`q=m~hv`q K_v+DcK_b=K_vcK_b
Pj +Ewg=Pj vwg gnv+Ewg=gnvwg
4. A/Av, F awbi mw
A/Av+F =Ai ( ) è+Fwl =èwl i vRv+Fwl =i vRwl
A/Av+FZ=Avi kxZ+FZ=kxZvZ zav+FZ=zavZ
5. A/Av, G/Hawbi mw
A/Av+G/H=H() Rb+GK=RbK gZ+HK=gZK
Z_v+Ge=Z_e gnv+Hkh=gnkh
6. A/Av, I /J awbi mw
A/Av+I / J =J () Rj +I Kv=Rj Kv gnv+I l wa=gnl wa
wP+J `vh=wP`vh gnv+J l a=gnl a
7. B/C- Gi ci wf bawbi mw
B/C+A/Av=h(/v) AwZ+A =AZ BwZ+Avw` =BZvw`
b`x+A^y=b`^y gmx+Avavi =gmvavi
B/C+D/E =h(y/~) AwZ+Dw =AZyw cwZ+El =cZzl
B/C+G=h() cwZ+GK=cZK
8. D/E- Gi ci wf bawbi mw
E/E +A/Av=e/ev my+A =^ my+AvMZ=^vMZ
D/E +B/C=we/ex Aby+BZ=Aw^Z Zby+C=Z^x
D/E +G=e Aby+Gl Y=Al Y
9. G/H-Gi ci wf bawbi mw
G/H+A/Av=Aq/Avq b+Ab=bqb b+AK=bvqK
10.I /J - Gi ci wf bawbi mw
I /J +A/Av=Ae/Ave cv+Ab=ceb Mv+Avw` =Mevw`
c+AK=cveK
I /J +B=Awe/Avwe cv+B =cwe b+BK=bvweK
I /J +D=Avey f +DK=f veyK
I /J +G=Ae Mv+Gl Yv=Mel Yv
L. ebmw : cwi wPZm~ I D`vni Y
1. î awb+ebawbi mw
A+Q=Q c+Q` =cQ`
Av+Q=Q K_v+Qj =K_vQj
B+Q=Q cwi +Q` =cwi Q`
D+Q=Q Zi y+Qvqv=Zi yQvqv
2. ebawb+î awbi mw
K+A=M w`K&+A =w`M
U+Av=W>o l U&+Avbb=l ovbb
Z+A=` Zr +A =Z`
c +A=e myc&+A =mye
3. ebawb+ebawbi mw
Z+P/Q=P/Q Dr +Pvi Y=DPvi Y Dr +Q` =DQ`
` +P/Q=P/Q wec` +Pq=wecPq wec` +Qvqv=wecQvqv
Z+R/S=/ hver +Rxeb=hvexeb Kzr +SwUKv=KzwUKv
` +R= wec` +RbK=wecbK
Z+W= Dr +Wxb=Dxb
Z+j =j Dr +wj wLZ=Dwj wLZ
Z+k =Q Pj r +kw =Pj Qw
Z+n= Zr +wnZ=ZwZ
` +n= c` +nwZ=cwZ
mw 19
K&+` =M&+` evK&+`vb=evM&`vb
K&+e=M&+e w`K&+weRq=w`wMRq
U&+h=W&>o +h l U&+h =l oh
Z&+M=`&+M Dr +wMi Y=D`&wMi Y
Z&+N=`&+N Dr +NvUb=D`&NvUb
Z&+e=`&+e Dr +eb=Db
Z&+f =`&+f Dr +f e=De
Z&+i =`&+i Zr +i ~c =Z`~c
K&+b=O+b w`K&+wbYq=w`KwbYq
Z&+g=b+g Zr +ga=Zba
Z&+b=b Dr +bwZ=DbwZ RMr +bv_ =RMbv_
Z&+g=b Zr +gq=Zbq gr +gq=gbq
g&+K=O/s+K kg&+Kv=kv mg&+KxY=msKxY
g&+L =s+L mg&+Lv=msLv
g&+M=s+M mg&+MxZ=msMxZ
g&+N=s+N mg&+NvZ=msNvZ
g&+P= mg&+Pq=mq
g&+Z= mg&+Zvc =mvc
g&+` =` mg&+`kb=m`kb
g&+a= mg&+avb=mvb
g&+b=b wKg&+bi =wKbi
g&+h=s+h mg&+hg=mshg
g&+i =s+i mg&+i Y=msi Y
g&+k =s+k mg&+kq=mskq
g&+n=s+n mg&+nvi =msnvi
3.2wemMmw
wemM(t )- Gi mî awb wKsevebawbi hmw nq, ZvK wemMmw ej | DPvi Yi
w`K_KwemM`yi Kg:
1. i &- RvZwemM: ki kl i &_vKj DPvi Yi mgqi &j vc cvqGes i &- Gi RvqMvqwemM(t)
nq| DPvi Yi &eRvq_vK| hgb: Ai >At +MZ=AMZ
( Ab&Zvi &MZv)|
6. m&- RvZwemM: ki kl m&_vKj mwi mgqm&j vc cvqGes m&- Gi RvqMvqwemM
( t ) nq| DPvi Ym&eRvq_vK| hgb: bgm&>bgt +Kvi =bgvi ( bgvk&Kvi &)|
wemMmw `yf vemvwaZnq: 1. wemM( t ) I î awbwgj
2. wemM( t ) I ebawbwgj |
1. wemMI î awbi mw
K. A- awbi mwemMGesci A- awb_vKj wemMI A- awbj I - Kvi nq| hgb:
ZZt +AwaK=ZZvwaK hkt +Awf j vl =hkvwf j vl
eqt +AwaK=eqvwaK
L. A- awbi mwemMGesci A, Av, D- awb_vKj wemMI A- awbwgj i nq| hgb:
cybt +AwaKvi =cybi waKvi cvZt +Avk =cvZi vk
cybt +Avew=cybi vew cybt +D =cybi y
2. wemMI ebawbi mw
K. A- awbi mwemMGesci eMi 3q/ 4_/ 5gawbA_evh, i , j , n _vKj wemMI
A- awbj i - RvZwemMi / i d ( ) Gesm- RvZwemMI - Kvi nq| hgb:
i - RvZwemM: i
At +MZ=AMZ cybt +Rb=cybRb
At +avb=Aavb cybt +evi =cybevi
At +f z =Af z cybt +wgj b=cybwgj b
mw 21
m- RvZwemM: I
gbt +MZ=gbvMZ m`t +RvZ=m`vRvZ
wZi t +avb=wZi vavb Zct +eb=Zcveb
Aat +gyL =AavgyL gbt +hvM=gbvhvM
gbt +i g=gbvi g gbt +j vf v=gbvj vf v
gbt +ni =gbvni
L. wemMi ci P/Q_vKj wemMi j k; U/V_vKj l GesZ/_ _vKj mnq| hgb:
wbt +Pq=wbq wki t +Q` =wki `
`yt +Pwi =`ywi wbt +wQ`=wbw`
abyt +Uvi =abyvi wbt +Vzi =wbzi
PZzt +Uq=PZzq
`yt +Zi =`y i wbt +ZR=wb R
BZt +ZZ=BZ Z `yt +_ =`y
M. A/Avwf bAbî i mwemMGesci î awb, eMi 3q/ 4_/ 5gawb A_evh, i ,
j , n_vKj wemMj i nq| hgb:
wbt +Aewa=wbi ewa wbt +Avc` =wbi vc`
wbt +MZ=wbMZ wbt +N =wbN
wbt +evK=wbevK wbt +f q=wbf q
Avwet +f ve=Avwef ve Avkxt +ev` =Avkxev`
`yt +Aev=`yi ev `yt +AvPvi =`yi vPvi
`yt +MwZ=`yMwZ `yt +eva=`yeva
cv`yt +f ve=cv`yf ve `yt +gi =`ygi
`yt +hvM=`yhvM `yt +j f =`yj f
N. i - RvZwemMi ci i _vKj wemMj vc cvqGesc_gî `xNnq| hgb:
wbt +i e=bxi e wbt +i m=bxi m
wbt +i vM=bxi vM
O. A/Avawbi mwemMGesci K, L, c, d _vKj wemMj mnq| hgb:
bgt +Kvi =bgvi wZi t +Kvi =wZi vi
cyi t +Kvi =cyi vi f vt +Ki =f vi
P. B/Dawbi mwemMGesci K, L, c, d _vKj wemMj l nq| hgb:
wbt +Kvg=wbvg wbt +cvc =wbvc
wbt +dj =wb j ewnt +Kvi =ewnvi
PZzt +c` =PZz` PZzt +KvY=PZzvY
Q. KvbvKvbv mwi wemMj vc cvqbv| hgb:
cvZt +Kvj =cvZtKvj gbt +K =gbtK
wki t +cxov=wki tcxov At +Ki Y=AtKi Y
R. KvbvKvbv wemMj vc cj I mw nqbv| hgb:
AZt +Ge=AZGe
mw 23
Kg- Abykxj b
1. mZxCk eveygvawgK we`vAvj qi wkK| Zvi Ang&Kvi bB, wZwbmg&MxZf vj vevmb|
DZvsk gvUv`vM`qvkj vi mw Ki | Zvgvi cQ` gZvGi KgAvi vKqKwU
ki evKj L|
2. ZzwgAvRmvi vw`bhvì K_vevZv bQ, mmeK_vi ga_K gbKi 10wUmwe
k ei Ki | Zvi ci mj vK Avj v`vKi KvbcKvi mw Zvj L| hgb: Zvgvi evev
ej j b, `vKvb_K cuvkmi Avj y, MvUvcuvPK KuvPKj vAvi GK KUvMe- NZwbqGm
ZvovZvwo| `L, hbekKgbvnq| GLvbmwe kj vnQ
cuvkmi , cuvPK, KuvPKj v, Me, ekKg|
cuvkmi =cuvP+mi =ebmw
cuvPK =cuvP+GK =ebmw
KuvPKj v=KuvPv+Kj v=ebmw
Me =Mv+ h =ebmw
ekKg=ewk +Kg =ebmw
3. ewnvi , Avwevi , bgvi , cyi vi kj vmwi Kvb wbqg gb MwVZ nqQ?
wbqgj vj L Gesmwbqg AbyhvqxZvgvi cvVeB_K Avi vKqKwUk LuyR wbq
GKwUZvwj KvZwi Ki |
PZz_cwi Q`
k I c`
4. k I c`
4.1 wj vi i wbqgI D`vni Y
4.2 eePbMVbi wbqgI D`vni Y
3.3 wekl i kwYwef vM: msvevPK, kwYevPK, mgwevPK, f veevPK I
wqvevPK
4.4 wb`kKmebvgi i ~c (Pwj Zi xwZ) : G, I
4.5 avZzI wqvc`
4.6 gwj KI mvwaZavZz
4.7 mKgKI AKgKwqv
4.8 wqvi Kvj : eZgvb, AZxZ, f wel r I Abyv
Kg- Abykxj b
4. k I c`
A_nj vki cvY| GKevGKvwaKawbi mwj bhw` Kvbvwbw` A_cKvk cvqZeZvKk
ej | hgb: K, j , gGBwZbwUawbGKmv_ Ryo w`j nq: Kj g(K+j +g)| Kj gj Lvi
GKwUDcKi YKevSvq| myZi vsGwUGKwUk| Gi Kg: Avwg, evRvi , hvBBZvwÌ k| Gj vi
Avj v`vAvj v`vA_AvQ| wKy Gi KgAvj v`vAvj v`vk gbi f vem~YcKvk Ki Zcvi bv| ZvB
A_c~Yk Ryo Ryo gvbyl Zvi gbi f vem~Yf vecKvk Ki _vK| hgb: AvwgevRvi hvB|
GwUGKwUevK| GLvbe vi gbvf vem~YcKvk cqQ| KZj vA_c~Yk hLbGKw Znq
e vi gbi f vem~YcKvk Ki , ZLbZvKevKej |
Gevi j Kwi : Avwg, evRvi , hvBwZbwUA_c~Yk|
AvwgevRvi hvBGKwUgbi f vecKvkKevK|
GLvb evRvi kwUevKeeZ nevi mgqwKQzUv(evRvi +G) e`j MQ| evKeeZ nevi
mgqki kl GBai bi wKQzeYhvMnq| Gj vKej wef w | k wef w hy nj BZvK
c` ej vnq| Zvnj ej vhvq: wef w hy kK A_evevKeeZcwZwUkK c` ej | c` cuvP
cKvi : 1. wekl 2. wekl Y 3. mebvg 4. AeqI 5. wqv|
4.1wj vi i wbqgI D`vni Y
wj ki A_wP evj Y| evsj vf vl vq Ggb AbK k AvQhj vKvbvwUcyi yl RvZxq,
KvbvwUxRvZxq, KvbvwUAvevi x- cyi yl Df qKBevSvq| ZvBhmewP evj Yvi vkK
cyi yl , xevAbRvZxqwnmeAvj v`vKi vhvq, ZvKwj ej |
wj Pvi cKvi | h_v:
1. cyswj evcyi yl evPKk| hgb: evev, Qj , wevb, myì |
2. xwj evxevPKk| hgb: gv, gq, we`yl x, myì x|
3. Df qwj evPKk| hgb: gvbyl , wk , mvb, evOvwj |
4. Kxewj evAwj evPKk| hgb: eB, LvZv, Pqvi , Uwej |
cyswj evcyi yl evPK kK xwj evxevPK k i ~cvi Ki vK wj vi evwj cwi eZbej |
wj cwi eZbi wKQzmvavi YwbqgAvQ| hgb:
1. cyi yl evPK ki kl - Av(v), - C(x), - bx, - Avbx, - BwbBZvw` xcZqRyo cyswj kK
xwj i ~cvi Ki vhvq| hgb: c_g>c_gv, evj K>evwj Kv, Qv >Qv x, Rj >Rj wb|
2. KLbvKLbvwf bkhvMI cyswj k xwj evPK k cwi eZb nq| hgb : evev>gv,
Qj >gq, cyi yl >bvi x, mvne>wewe, ^vgx>x, KZv>wMwb, f vB>evb, cy >Kbv, ei >
Kb|
3. ki AvMcy i y l evPKevxevPKk Ry o w`qI ki wj v i nq_vK| hgb: cy i y l gvby l >
gqgvbyl , j vweovj >gwbweovj , g vNvo >gvw` Nvov, evUvQj >gqQj , Guo evQzi >
eKbvevQzi , ej ` Mi y>MvBMi y|
4. KZKj vcyi yl evPKki AvMgwnj v, bvi xBZvw` xevPKk cqvMKi ki wj vi nq|
hgb: Kwe>gwnj vKwe, Wv vi >gwnj vWv vi , mf >bvi xmf , mb>bvi xmb|
5. KvbvKvbvki kl cyi yl I xevPK k hvMKi cyswj k xwj evPK k cwi eZb
nq| hgb: Mqj v>Mqj veD, evbcv>evbwS, VvKzi cv>VvKzi wS|
6. KZKj vk Kej cyi yl evSvq| hgb: Kwei vR, KZ`vi , AKZ`vi , wecZxK, Y|
7. KZKj vk ayxevPKnq| hgb: mZxb, mrgv, maev, Gqv, `vB|
wbPcyswj kKxwj cwi eZbi wKQzwbqgI D`vni YÌ qvnj v:
1. ki kl - AvcZqhvMKi :
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
AR ARv wcq wcqv
AvaywbK AvaywbKv cexY cexYv
KvwKj KvwKj v e ev
PZzi PZzi v gvbbxq gvbbxqv
Pj Pj v wkl wkl v
bexb bexbv mi j mi j v
2. ki kl Av- Gi RvMvq- BcZqewmq:
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
KvKv KvwK eyov eywo
PvPv PvwP bvbv bvwb
`v`v `vw` gvgv gvwg
3. ki kl - CcZqhvMKi :
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
wKkvi wKkvi x gvbe gvbex
Qv Qv x gq~i gq~i x
Zi yY Zi yYx i vm i vmx
`vm `vmx wmsn wmsnx
bi bvi x myì myì x
cv cv x nwi Y nwi Yx
k& I c` 27
4. ki kl - wb/ - bxcZqhvMKi :
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
Kvgvi Kvgvi bx Rj Rj wb
Kzgvi Kzgvi bx avcv avcvwb
5. ki kl - Avwb/ AvbxcZqhvMKi :
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
PvKi PvKi vwb g_i g_i vwb
VvKzi VvKzi vwb bvwcZ bvwcZvwb
Ai Y Ai YvYx wng wngvbx
B` B`vbx k~` k~`vbx
6. ki kl BbxcZqhvMKi :
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
KvOvj KvOvwj bx Mvqvj v Mvqvwj bx
Abv_ Abvw_bx evN evwNbx
bvM bvwMbx we`wk we`wkbx
gvbx gvwbbx Yx wYbx
Zc^x Zcw^bx abx awbbx
kZv kZvwbx myKk myKwkbx
7. ki kl - BKvcZqhvMKi :
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
evj K evwj Kv cvVK cvwVKv
j LK j wLKv AavcK AavwcKv
MvqK MvwqKv bvqK bvwqKv
meK mweKv wkK wkwKv
8. cyi yl evPKki kl Zv_vKj xnq:
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
bZv b x KZv K x
kvZv kv x avZv av x
9. cyi yl evPKki kl AZ, evb, gvb, Cqvb_vKj AZx, eZx, gwZ, Cqmxnq:
cyswj xwj cyswj xwj
mr mZx gnr gnZx
Yevb YeZx i ~cevb YeZx
kxgvb kxgZx eywgvb eywgwZ
Mi xqvb Mi xqmx gnxqvb gnxqmx
4.2eePbMVbi wbqgI D`vni Y
evKi YePbA_msLvi avi Yv| ZvB, hk w`qevKi YKvbvwKQzi avi YvcKvk Ki vnq, ZvK
ePbej |
evsj vf vl vqePb`ycKvi | h_v: 1. GKePb 2. eePb|
1. GKePb : hk w`qKvbve , cvYxevew i GKwUgv msLvi avi Yvnq, ZvK GKePb
ej | hgb:
cvLvwULuyRcvwQbv|
MvgQvLvbvKv_vqi vLj ?
KvRj wKevwo wdi Q?
wkKej j b, `yBAvi `yBPvi nq|
GKePbcKvki Dcvq
evsj vf vl vqGKePbcKvki wKQzDcvqAvQ| hgb:
K. ki g~j i ~ci mv_ wKQzhvMbvKi :
Avgvi evwo hI gi , emZèwcuo|
AvRzj QzwU|
i xZvMvbwkLZMQ|
evmXvKvQoQ|
L. ki kl wU, Uv, Lvb, Lvbv, Lvwb, MvQ, MvQv, MvwQBZvw` wb`kKhvMKi :
gqwULyePvj vK|
Zvgvi Kj gUv`vI Zv|
f vl v 29
bKvLvwbek myì nqQ|
eBLvbvAvwgcowQ|
`woMvQw`qhvZvgv|
`v`yi nvZj vwVMvQvek gvwbqQ|
M. ki AvMGK, GKUv, GKwU, GKLvbv, GKRbBZvw` msLvevPKk ewmq:
GK`k wQj GKi vRv|
Zvgvi mv_ GKUvK_vwQj |
GKwUKj gwbq`yf vBqi gaUvbvUvwb i ynqQ|
GKLvbvBsi wRLei i KvMRGbvZv|
GKRbQv GmwQj Zvgvi KvQ|
2. eePb: hk w`qGKi AwaK msLK e , ew evcvYxi avi YvcvI qvhvq, ZvK eePb
ej | hgb:
Avgi vmLvbwMqwQj vg|
Qj i vgvVLj Q|
wk MY`qgbwbRwbRcvV|
i vLvj Mi yi cvj j qhvqgvV|
eePbMVbi wbqgI D`vni Y
evsj vf vl vqeePbMVbi bvbvDcvqAvQ| cvwYevPKI AcvwYevPKGesDbZcvwYevPKI BZi
cvwYevPK kf ` wewf bai bi eePbevaK wef w , cZq I mgwevPK khvMeePb
MVbKi vnq_vK| hgb:
1. ki kl i v, Gi v, j v, wj , ì wef w hvMKi :
i vQj i vej Lj Q|
Zvi vAvRAvi Avmebv|
Gi vf vBqi vAvgvi , i hLbw`qwQ, Avi vè|
kwgKi vagNUWKQ|
j vAvgj vi vRkvnx_KGmQ|
Qj j vLyenPKi Q|
wj eBwj RvqMvgZvZzj i vL|
ì gyw hvvì Avgi vkvKwi |
2. ki kl MY, e`, eM, Kzj , gj x, gvj v, Q, cvj , `j , `vg, SuvK, Avewj , me, mg~n, i vwR,
i vwk, cy, kwYBZvw` mgwevPKk hvMKi :
MYwk MY`qgbwbRwbRcvV|
e` myKvmvwnZi f e` mgvj vPbvI cQ` Ki b|
Kzj mvqc|<j Kzj vqwdi GmQ|
gj xwkKgj xbexbQv ì ei YKi wbj b|
gvj v`wLZwMqvwQceZgvj v, `wLZwMqvwQwmy|
QAvwgi ex`bv_i M QcowQ|
cvj i vLvj Mi yi cvj j qhvqgvV|
`j RvZxqwKU`j Zvi RvqMvnqQ|
`vgkevj `vgcyKzi f i Q|
SuvKcvqi vi SuvKevKzgevKzgKi Q|
Avewj AvRi vZc`vewj KxZb bZhve|
mecvwLmeKi i ei vwZcvnvBj |
mg~nAwZwi ewbabi dj ebmg~nDRvo nqhvQ|
i vwRj vBewi i Mi vwRi gai qQmg vbi f vvi |
i vwk evRvi wbqhvevi Rbcyi vwk PqbKi vnqQ|
cygNcyi Aevb`L gbnQew ne|
kwYawbKkwYmemgqwbgkwYi Dci Lei `vwi Ki _vK|
3. ki AvMAbK, ARm, AmsL, cPzi , e, we i , bvbv, Xi , me, mKj , mg , ni K BZvw`
k eenvi Ki :
AbKGevi ci xvqAbKQv dj Ki Q|
ARmZvi ARmUvKv- cqmvnqQ|
AmsLevsj v`ki AmsLgvbyl GLbvAwkwZ|
cPzi evRvi cPzi AvgDVQ|
ewZwbemwi gvwj K|
we i mKnwe i wgQv, hKnwe i |
bvbvbvbvgywbi bvbvgZ|
f vl v 31
Xi ew AvmZGLbvXi evwK|
meevRvi wMqmeUvKvLi PnqMj |
mKj cw_exi mKj gvbyl Avgvi f vB|
mg Zvi mg KvwnwbBwQj evbvqvU|
ni Kgj vqni Ki KgwRwbmcvI qvhvq|
4. GKBk ci ci `yevi ewmq:
dyj evMvbUvdzj dzj f i MQ|
nuvwo ei hv xi vnuvwo nuvwo m`k wbqGmQ|
Kuvwo gqi weqZKuvwo Kuvwo UvKvLi PvnqMj |
ej ZvgvKej ej Avi cvi j vgbv|
LUAvwgLULUmvi vnj vg|
vi vi vi Nyi I AvRwf vRyUj bv|
QvUAvgvì QvUMuvqQvUQvUNi |
eo eveveo eo AvgwKbGbQb|
Ni AvRNi Ni weRqi Avb`|
we`ywe`ywe`yRj , Mo Zvj mvMi AZj |
f vj vKvmi f vj vf vj vQj Kcyi vi Ì qvne|
hvi v- Zvi vhvi vhvi vhveZvi vZvi vj wMqI Vv|
5. AvMmsLvevPKk ewmq:
Kvbi weqZk cuvPKAwZw_ Lve|
m vn`yBci gvQi `vgKghve|
wkqvj Zvi mvZQj KKzwgi i KvQcoZw`j |
`k KwRi mMvj vw`bZv|
6. KLbvKLbvGKePbi i ~c w`q:
gvbyl gi Ykxj |
evOvwj mecvi |
evMvbdzj dzUQ|
evRvi j vKRgQ|
cvKvi AvgYdmj b nq|
ebevN_vK|
Mi yAvgvì `ya`q|
* wekl è
ePbg~j Zwekl I mebvgcì GKevGKvwaKmsLvi avi Yvwb`k Ki | m-Kvi Y aywekl I
mebvgcì ePbf ` nq|
DbZcvwYevPKki eePbMY, e`, gj x, eMGesAcvwYevPKki eePbAvewj , Q, `vg,
wbKi , cy, gvj v, i vwR, i vwk eeZnq|
i v, Gi v, MY, j v, Kzj , mKj , me, mg~ncvwYevPK I AcvwYevPK Df qki eePbeeZnq
_vK|
evsj vevKGKBmGKvwaKeePbevPKk eeZnqbv| hgb:
mKj Qv ì eywSqÌ qvnqQ| (f zj )
mKj Qv KeywSqÌ qvnqQ| ( )
Qv ì eywSqÌ qvnqQ| ( )
4.3wekl i kwYwef vM
AvMBej vnqQ:
c` cuvPcKvi : wekl ; wekl Y ; mebvg ; Aeq; wqv|
wekl c`
evKeeZ hc` vi vKvbvew , e , mgw, vb, Kvj , f ve, KvR evYi bvg evSvq,
ZvK wekl c` ej | GK K_vq, KvbvwKQzi bvgK wekl c` ej | hgb: bRi yj , gvbyl , eB,
LvZv, j Lvcov, c , mf v, mwgwZ, XvKv, Lyj bv, kqb, f vRbBZvw`|
k I c` 33
wekl cì bvbvkwYwef vMi qQ| hgb:
1. msvevPK wekl : hwekl c` vi vKvbvew , cvYx, vb, b`x, mgy`, ceZ, M BZvwì
wbw` bvgevSvq, ZvKmsvevPKwekl ej | GKbvgevPKwekl I ej vnq| hgb:
ew i bvg: Avj vI j , ewg, bRi yj , myKv, i vKqv, mgxi Yeoqv, i evU, wgb, nvwi |
cvYxi bvg: Mi y, QvMj , f ov, wmsn, evN, nuvm, gyi wM, gqbv, wUqv, kvwj K, wnccvUgvm|
vbi bvg: Lyj bv, XvKv, PMvg, kxcyi , ki cyi , Mvcvj M, w`wj , gv, j b, cvwi m|
b`- b`xi bvg: ecy , eywoMv, cv, gNbv, hgybv, bxj b`, AvgvRvb, nvqvsnv|
mgyì bvg: evcmvMi , f vi ZgnvmvMi , ckv gnvmvMi , Avi emvMi |
cvnvo- ceZi bvg: Mvi vcvnvo, wngvj q, j vj gvB, KI vWvs, wn`yKzk, KKkvm, Avw`R|
Mi bvg: MxZvwj , AwMexYv, wngyAgwbevm, eovj gvbex, euvaf O`vI |
evKcqvM
KvRxbRi yj Bmj vgAvgvì RvZxqKwe|
myì ebLyj bvRj vqAewZ|
Avgvì evwo aj ki xb`xi cvo|
AvwgAwMexYvcowQ|
Mi yMncvwj Zc |
Avwgwngvj q`wLwb|
j bbwRei gvgv_vKb|
`yej vi Pi evcmvMi i GKwUPi |
2. kwYevPK wekl : hwekl c` vi vew , cvYx, vb, b`x, ceZBZvwì mvavi YbvgevSvq,
ZvK kwYevPK wekl ej | hgb : gvbyl , cvwL, ceZ, Kwe, kni , eB, MvQ, evOvwj , gvQ, mvMi
BZvw`|
msvevPKwekl i mv_ kwYevPKwekl i AvcvZwgj j Ki vMj I ek wKQzcv_Ki qQ|
msvevPKwekl i vi vmywbw` Kvbvew , e , cvYxevvbi bvgevSvq|
wKy kwYevPKwekl c` Gmei mvavi YevAwbw` bvgcKvk Ki | hgb:
msvevPKwekl (wbw`) kwYevPKwekl (Awbw`)
1. i ex`bv_ wekKwe| 1. KwewPi Kvj ei Yxq|
2. gvbyl wUyavqKvZi | 2. gvbyl gi Ykxj |
3. cvovevwoi PgPgLyewgw| 3. wgw mevBcQ` Ki bv|
4. AvwgBwj k gvQLZf vj vevwm| 4. mevBgvQLZf vj vevm|
5. Avgi vXvKvkni _vwK| 5. Avgi vkni _vwK|
6. AvwgAwMexYvcowQ| 6. AvwgeBcowQ|
7. wngvj qweki mevPceZ| 7. ceZI VvLyewecbK|
8. gqbvcvwL K_vej | 8. cvwL AvKvk I o|
9. cvevsj v`ki eo b`x| 9. b`xmvMi wMqgk|
10. myì xMvQmyì ebcI qvhvq| 10. MvQAvgvì cvYeuvPvq|
3. mgwevPK wekl : h wekl c` vi vGKRvZxq ew , e evcvYxi mgw evSvq, ZvK
mgwevPK wekl ej | hgb: RbZv, mf v, mwgwZ, kwY, `j , msN, cvj , SuvK, Q, gvj v, mvwi
BZvw`|
evKcqvM
RbZvc Mj Kvi vi vbB|
mf vbqUvq i ynqQ|
GLvbGKUvegyLxmgevqmwgwZMo DVQ|
wekl cì bvbvkwYwef vMi qQ|
`j e`j Ki Avi KZw`bPj e?
GKcvj nwi YAvgvì mvgbw`qPj Mj |
Bsi Rì beni wekLvZ|
Avwgmbvevwnbxi KzPKvI qvR`LwQ|
4. f veevPK wekl : h wekl c` vi vwqvi f ve evKvRi bvg evSvq, ZvK f veevPK ev
wqvevPKwekl ej | hgb: f vRb, kqb, `kb, Mgb, keY, Ki v, `Lv, kvbvBZvw`|
k I c` 35
f veevPKwekl I wqvc` GKbq| hgb:
f veevPKwekl wqvc`
1. KvUevwo `kbKi Gj vg| 1. AvwgKvUevwo `LwQ|
2. gnvi vRi f vRb-cekl nqQ| 2. Avgi vLqwQ|
3. evevi kqbGLbvmbnqwb| 3. evev qQb|
4. LyKzi bvPb`L hv| 4. LyKz bvPQ|
5. Zvi evanqdi vnebv| 5. mwdi Q|
4.4wb`kKmebvgi i ~c (Pwj Zi xwZ) : G, I
evKwekl cì cwi eZhc` eeZnq, ZvKmebvgc` ej | hgb:
wekl : eKj f vj vQj |
mebvg: mcwZw`bzj hvq|
Zvi ^vf vj v|
ZvKmevBf vj vevm|
GLvbwekl eKzj - Gi cwi eZm, Zvi , ZvKcf wZ c` eenvi Ki vqevKj vkywZgayi
nqQ|
evsj vf vl vqmebvgc` bvbvi Kgnq| hgb:
1.ew evPKmebvg: Avwg, Avgi v, Zzwg, Zvgi v, m, Zvi v, wZwb, Gi v, I i vBZvw`|
2. wb`kKmebvg: G, GwU, mwU, mj vBZvw`|
3. mvKj evPKmebvg: mKj , me, mgy`qBZvw`|
4. mvc mebvg: h-m, hv-Zv, whwb-wZwbBZvw`|
5. ckm~PKmebvg: Kx, Kvi , Kvì , wKmBZvw`|
6. Awb`kKmebvg: KD, Kvb, Kn, wKQzBZvw`|
7. AvZevPKmebvg: ^qs, wbR, Lv`, AvcwbBZvw`|
8. AbvwèvPKmebvg: Ab, Aci , ci BZvw`|
wb`kKmebvgi i ~c : G, I
hmebvgc` mvavi YZwekl Kwbw` Ki `q, ZvKwb`kKmebvgc` ej | hgb:
G, GB, Gi v, Bnvi v, Bnv, Gui v, Bnvì , Guì , I , I i v, I ì ,
I uì , H, Dwb, Dnv, Dnvì BZvw`|
wekl cì mv_ hgbwef w hvMnqkMVbKi , Zgwbwef w , cZqI KgcePbxqhy nq
mebvgi i ~c nq|
wbPwb`kKmebvgGGesI - Gi Pwj Zi ~c `Lvbvnj v|
G- Gi i ~c
1. cvwYevPKi ~c : GKePb eePb
G, Gi , Bwb, Gui Gi v, Gì , Gui v, Guì
evKcqvM: GAvgvi f vB; Gi bvgDj |
BwbAvgvi PvPv; Gui vKi vwP_vKb| Guì j vnvj oi eo eemvAvQ|
2. AcvwYevPKi ~c : GKePb eePb
GUv, GwU, GLvbv Gme, Gj v, Gmg
evKcqvM: GUvGLvb_Kmi vI |
GwUAvcbvi eB|
Gj vUwej i vL|
Gmei RbZzwg`vqx|
Gmg K_vAvgvKKbkvbvQb?
I - Gi i ~c
1. cvwYevPKi ~c : GKePb eePb
I , I i , I u, Dwb, I ì , I K I i v, I ì , I ui v, I uì , I ì K
evKcqvM: I hbwdi Avm|
DwbmKAvgvi gvgvnb| I uì evwo gqgbwmsn|
I KGLbWvKvi ì Kvi bB|
I ì hZej |
k I c` 37
2. AcvwYevPKi ~c : GKePb eePb
I B, I wU, I Lvbv I me, I j v, I mg
evKcqvM: ZeI BK_vBi Bj |
I wUwKmi eB?
I LvbvAvevi KewKbj ?
I meK_vQvovZv|
Zvgvi I j vKvj `L è|
I mg j evwRGevi e Ki v|
4.5avZzI wqvc`
wqvc`
hc` vi vKvbvwKQzKi vevKvbvKvRKi vevSvq, ZvKwqvc` ej | hgb:
evevGmQb|
NwoZ`kUvevR|
AvwgAKi wQ|
wqvc` bvbvi Kgnq:
1. mgvwcKvwqv: hwqvvi vevKi A_m~YcKvwkZnq, ZvKmgvwcKvwqvej | hgb:
mZzzj hvq|
we_yMvbMvq|
2. AmgvwcKvwqv: h wqvvi vevKi A_m~Ynq bv, ZvK AmgvwcKvwqvej | hgb :
Avwgevwo wMq.......
meBwbq ........
GLvb wMq, wbqwqvi vi vK_vkl nqwb| evKi A_Am~Yi qQ| evKi A_m~Y
Ki vi RbAvi vwqvPvB| hgb:
Avwgevwo wMqLve|
meBwbqcoZemQ|
myZi vs, wMq, wbqnQAmgvwcKvwqv| Avi Lve, emQGj vmgvwcKvwqv|
3. mKgKwqv: hwqvi KvbvKg_vK, ZvKmKgKwqvej | hgb :
^cbwPwVwj LQ|
KvbeBcoQ|
4. AKgKwqv: hwqvi KvbvKg_vKbv, ZvKAKgKwqvej | hgb:
mwj gveMgevwo hvq|
gwYgvi gvf vZLvq|
5. wKgKwqv: hwqvi `ywUKg_vKZvKwKgKwqvej | hgb:
wkKQv ì evsj vcovQb|
gvwk K`yaLvI qvQb|
6. chvRKwqv: hwqvAbi vi vPvwj Znq,ZvKchvRKwqvej | hgb:
gvLvKvKPuv` `LvQb|
mvcyo mvc Lj vq|
7. hwMK wqv: GKwUmgvwcKvwqvI GKwUAmgvwcKvwqvwgwj Z nqhwqvc` MwVZ nq,
ZvKhwMKwqvej | hgb:
mcvk Ki Mj |
mvBi beRDVj |
avZz
wqvi g~j AskKavZzej |
wqvc`Kwekl YKi j `yUvAsk cvI qvhvq:
1. avZzevwqvg~j : Ki &, hv, Lv, cv, ej &, `L&, Lj &, ` BZvw`|
2. wqvwef w : Av, B, wQ, Q, e, Z, j , j vgBZvw`|
avZzwZbcKvi | h_v: 1. gwj KavZz2. mvwaZavZz3. hwMKevmshvMg~j KavZz|
1. gwj K avZz: hmeavZzwekl YKi vhvqbv, ZvK gwj K avZzej | hgb: Ki &, Pj &, co&, eo&,
cv, hv, `, Lv, n&BZvw`|
2. mvwaZavZz: gwj K avZzevbvg- ki ci Av- cZqhvMhavZzMwVZnq, ZvK mvwaZavZz
ej | hgb:
k I c` 39
Ki &+Av=Ki v
`L&+Av=`Lv
ej &+Av=ej v
5. hwMK avZz: wekl , wekl YevabvZK Aeqi mv_ Ki &, `, n, cv, LvBZvw` gwj K
avZzwgwj ZnqhbZzbavZzMwVZnq, ZvK hwMK evmshvMg~j K avZzej | hgb: f q
Ki &, f vj vn&, Di `, gvi Lv, `ytL cvBZvw`|
4.6 gwj KI mvwaZavZz
gwj K avZz: gwj K avZzK f vOvevwekl YKi vhvqbv| Gj vK wm ev^qswm avZzI ej vnq
_vK|
evsj vf vl vqgwj KavZzwZbcKvi | h_v:
1. msZavZz
2. evsj vavZz
3. we`kvMZavZz
1. msZavZz: Zrmgwqvcì avZzKmsZavZzej | hgb:
A&+Ab=Ab: QvUì wP vbcwZhvwMZvqwe_yc_gnqQ|
`k&+h=`k: `yNUbvi ggvwK`keYbvKi vhvqbv|
K+Ze=KZe: Qv ì KZej LvcovKi v|
nm&+h=nvm: AKvi Ynvmcwi nvmZvMKi |
2. evsj vavZz: hmeavZzmsZ_KcvKZi gvagcwi ewZZnqevsj vqeeZnq, ZvKevsj v
avZzevLuvwUevsj vavZzej | hgb:
AuvK&+Av=AuvKv: KxmeAuvKvAuvwKKi Q?
`L&+Av=`Lv: Rv`yNi Avgvi KqKevi `Lv|
Ki &+A=Ki : ZzwgKxKi ?
nvm&+B=nvwm: Zvgvi nvwmwULyemyì |
3. we`kvMZavZz: we`wk f vl v_K AvMZhmeavZzevsj vf vl vqeeZnq, ZvK we`kvMZavZz
evwe`wk avZzej | hgb:
LvU&+e=LvUe: hZewk LvUeZZBmydj cve|
weMo&+Avbv: Zvgvi weMovbvQj Kf vj vKi vi mvaAvgvi bB|
Uvb&+Av: AvgvKwbqUvbvUvwbKi vbv, Avwghvebv|
Rg&+AvU=RgvU: AKvi ek RgvUeuaQ|
mvwaZavZz: gwj KavZzevbvgki ci Av- cZqhvMmvwaZavZzMwVZnq_vK|
mvwaZavZzwZbcKvi | h_v:
1. chvRKavZz
2. bvgavZz
3. KgevPi avZz
1. chvRK avZz: gwj K avZzi ci ( Aci K wbqvwRZKi vA_) Av- cZqhvMhavZzMwVZnq,
ZvKchvRKavZzevwYR avZzej | hgb:
co&+Av=wkKQv ì covQb|
Ki &+Av=mwbRKi bv, AbKw`qKi vq|
bvP&+Av=bvPv: I i f uvò wdi Pv, LyKzi bvPb`L hv|
2. bvgavZz: wekl , wekl YI AbyKvi Aeqi ci Av- cZqhvMMwVZ avZzK bvgavZzej |
hgb:
Nyg&+Av: evevNygvQb|
agK&+Av: AvgvKhZBagKvI , AvwgGKvRKi ebv|
nvZ&+Av: Abi cKUnvZvbvAvgvi ^f vebq|
3. KgevPi avZz: evK KZvi Pq Kgi mv_ hLb wqvi mKcavb nq I V, ZLb m
wqvKKgevPi wqvej | KgevPi wqvi g~j KKgevPi avZzej |
gwj KavZzi mv_ Av- cZqhvMKgevPi avZzMwVZnq| hgb:
Ki &+Av=Ki v: AvwgZvgvKAwUKi Zej wQ|
nvi &+Av=nvi v: eBwUnvwi qdj wQ|
Lv+I qv=LvI qv: Zvgvi LvI qvnj AvgvKej v|
k I c` 41
4.7 mKgKI AKgKwqv
mKgKwqv: hwqvcì Kg_vKZvKmKgKwqvej |
evKi wqvK Kx? evKvK? ckKi j h Di cvI qvhvq, ZvBKgc`| Kghy wqvBmKgK
wqv| hgb:
gvi vbvKi Qb|
GevKwqvc` nQKi Qb|
ck: KxKi Qb?
Di : i vbv|
AZGeKi Qbwqvc`wUi KgnQi vbv| Ki QbmKgKwqv|
AKgKwqv: hwqvi KgbB, ZvKAKgKwqvej | hgb:
mi f co|
mi f Kxco? Gcki Di bB| A_vr GevKcowqvcì KvbvKgbB| ZvBco
AKgKwqv|
cqvM- ewkmKgKwqvAKgKwqvnZcvi | hgb:
mKgKwqv AKgKwqv
1. AvwgwUwdbLqwQ| 1. AvwgwUwdbLqwQ|
2. mwj gDw bmvneRvKvZw`qQb| 2. mwj gDw bmvneRvKvZw`qQb|
3. gvLbi vqMvbMvQ| 3. gvLbi vqMvbgRQ|
4.8 wqvi Kvj : eZgvb, AZxZ, f wel r I Abyv
j Ki :
1. AvRzj Lvj v|
2. MZKvj zj e wQj |
3. AvMvgxKvj _Kci xv i y|
I ci i evK wZbwUZ wqvc`j vwbbnevi wewf bmgq evSvbvnqQ| c_g evK Lvj v
wqvwUeZgvb mgqwbbnq| wZxqevKwQj wqvwUc~eevAZxZ mbnqQ| ZZxq
evKnewqvwUvi vKvRwUci evf wel Z mbneGgb f vecKvk cqQ| `LvhvQ,
gbvf ve cKvki Rb evKi wqvc` wewf bmgq evKvj mbnI qvwb`k Ki _vK| wqv
mbnI qvi GBmgqevKvj Kwqvi Kvj ej |
wqvi Kvj wZbcKvi | h_v:
1. eZgvbKvj
2. AZxZKvj
3. f wel r Kvj
1. eZgvbKvj : hwqvGLbmbnqevnQeySvq, ZvKeZgvbKvj ej | hgb:
Avwgcwo|
mhvq|
KvKwj òvq|
AvBDeMvbMvq|
2. AZxZKvj : hwqvAvMBmbnqQ, Zvi Kvj KAZxZKvj ej | hgb:
AvwgZvK`LwQj vg|
MZKvj XvKvwMqwQj vg|
gvi vbvKi wQj b|
3. f wel rKvj : h wqvAvMvgxZ evf wel Z mbne Ggb evSvq, Zvi Kvj K f wel rKvj
ej | hgb:
ew Avme|
mxgvKvj MvbMvBe|
cv_bvPe|
cZKwUKvj Avevi KqKf vMwef | h_v:
1. eZgvbKvj : K. mvavi YeZgvb L. NUgvbeZgvb M. cyi vNwUZeZgvb
2. AZxZKvj : K. mvavi YAZxZ L. NUgvbAZxZ M. cyi vNwUZAZxZ N. wbZeAZxZ
3. f wel rKvj : K. mvavi Yf wel r L. NUgvbf wel r M. cyi vNwUZf wel r
k I c` 43
1. eZgvbKvj
K. mvavi Y eZgvb : h wqvi KvRwUeZgvb mvavi Yf ve NUevnq, ZvK mvavi Y eZgvb ev
wbZeeZgvbKvj ej | hgb:
mKvj m~hI V|
`yBAvi `yBqPvi nq|
Avwgi vRwe`vj qcoZhvB|
L. NUgvb eZgvb : h wqvi KvR eZgvb NUQevPj Q, GLbvkl nq hvqwb, ZvK NUgvb
eZgvbKvj ej | hgb:
Avgvi QvUf vBwj LQ|
Qj i vGLbvdzUej Lj Q|
Uwj wf kbi ex`bv_i j LvbvUK`LvQ|
M. cyi vNwUZ eZgvb : hwqvwKQzAvMkl nqQwKy Zvi dj GLbvi qQ, ZvK cyi vNwUZ
eZgvbKvj ej | hgb:
GLbevevAwdm_Kwdi Qb|
Gevi gvLZWKQb|
Aekl AvwgBsi wRcovkl Ki wQ|
2. AZxZKvj
K. mvavi YAZxZ : hwqvAZxZKvj mvavi Yf vemsNwUZ nqQ, ZvK mvavi YAZxZKvj ej |
hgb:
wZwbLyj bv_KGj b|
evsj v`k wKU`j i AwabvqKLyef vj vevUKi j b|
AvwgLj v`L Gj vg|
L. NUgvb AZxZ: h wqvAZxZKvj Pj wQj , ZLbvkl nqwb evSvq, ZvK NUgvb AZxZKvj
ej | hgb:
wi ZvNygvwQj |
mygbeBcowQj |
AvwgQj ej vi K_vf vewQj vg|
M. cyi vNwUZ AZxZ : hwqvAbK AvMBkl nqMQ, Zvi Kvj K cyi vNwUZ AZxZKvj ej |
hgb:
Avgi vi vRkvnxwMqwQj vg|
ZzwgwKZvi ci xvwbqwQj ?
AvwgZvKf vZLZ`LwQj vg|
N. wbZeAZxZ: hwqvAZxZcvqBNUZGgbevSvq, ZvKwbZeAZxZKvj ej | hgb:
evevcwZw`bevRvi Ki Zb|
zj QzwUi ci ezì mi vRcovwbqAvj vc Ki Zvg|
QywUZcwZeQi Mvgi evwoZeovZhZvg|
3. f wel rKvj
K. mvavi Y f wel r : h wqvci evAvMvgxZ mvavi Yf ve msNwUZ ne, Zvi Kvj K mvavi Y
f wel rKvj ej | hgb :
evevAvRAvmeb|
AvwgnemKvj ej vi cvwL|
ZzwgnqZvmyKv f vPvhi Qvoc co _vKe|
L. NUgvb f wel r : hwqvi KvR f wel Z i ynqPj Z _vKe, Zvi Kvj K NUgvb f wel rKvj
ej | hgb:
mygbnqZvZLb`LZ_vKe|
gbxl vòvZ_vKe|
AvwgbvK_vej Z_vKe|
M. cyi vNwUZ f wel r : hwqvmeZ NUwMqQGesmwUevSvZ mvavi Yf wel rKvj evaK k
eenvi Ki vnq, Ggbnj Zvi Kvj Kcyi vNwUZf wel rKvj ej | hgb:
ZzwgnqZvAvgvKGK_vej _vKe|
meZAvMvgxKvj ci xvi dj ei ne|
KvbevanqKwVbAUveyS_vKe|
k I c` 45
4. Abyv
Av`k, Abyi va, AbygwZ, cv_bvBZvw` evSvZeZgvbI f wel rKvj i gagcyi yl wqvcì hi ~c
nq, ZvKAbyvej | hgb:
1. eZgvbKvj i Abyv: Zvgi vKvRKi v|
i vnvbwj LyK|
wg_vK_vej vbv|
AUveywSqèb?
AvgvKZzwgi vKi v, cf z|
Av`k Ki ybRuvnvcbv|
eZgvbKvj i Abyvi gagI bvgcyi yl i i ~c :
ai b mebvg wef w wqvc`
ZzQv_K ZzB, Zvi v - 0k~b Ki &, hv, cv, Lv, `
mvavi Y Zzwg, Zvgi v, - A, - I , - DK Ki v, hvI , LvI , Ì
m, Zvi v
mgvZK Avcwb, Avcbvi v, - Db, - b, - Gb hvDb, hvb, Ki yb, Ki b
Zuvi v, wZwb
2. f wel rKvj i Abyv: memgqmwZej e|
eo nI , eySZcvi e|
Amy nj I l yaLve|
f wel rKvj i Abyvi gagI bvgcyi yl i i ~c :
ai b mebvg wef w wqvc`
ZzQv_K ZzB, Zvi v - m Kwi m, hvm, Lvm
mvavi Y Zzwg, Zvgi v, - I , - e Ki v, Ki e, LI , hve
m, Zvi v
mgvZK Avcwb, Avcbvi v, - eb Ki eb, `Leb, hveb,
Zuvi v, wZwb èb
Kg- Abykxj b
1. eveyì evwoi Qj j vLyef vj v| Zvi vwe i j LvcovKi | mKj j vKZvì f vj vevm|
zj I i vwkKgj xi bqbgwY| Zvi vezgnj I AbK Rbwcq| i yRbi vI ì
i ex`bv_i M QcwoqQb|
Dci i AbyQ`wUZgvUv`vMi kj veePbcKvkK cZqI k| Gj vZvgvi LvZvqj L|
Zvi ci Gj vi KvbwUcvwYevPK KvbwUAcvwYevPK evKvbwUDf q eeZnqZvGKwUQKi
gacKvk Ki |
2. Avgvi evevGKRb wkK| PvPvmi Kvwi nvmcvZvj i Wv vi | Avgvi gvgvGKRb cywj k
Awdmvi | Avgvi `vw` I bvwbAvgvK Lyef vj vevmb| Avgvì GKRbMnKgxAvQ, ZvK
mevBej Avqv| AvwgI vì KvQMvbwkwL| Avgvi I v` GKRbeo MvqK| Avgvì
gvj xAvgvK dzj MvQi hZKi Z kLvq| i vRv-ev`kvn, i vm-`vbe-f ~Z-wckvPi M
kvbvq| Avgvi ezgvj vI GmeM kvb| Zvi GKwUgwbeovj AvQ, mwUI kvb|
Dci i AbyQ` _K wewf bwj evPK kj vLuyR ei Ki Gesmj vi KvbwUKvb kwYi
wj i AMZZvwj KvKvi j L|
3. b`xcvi nq, I cvo Kzgvi ì GKUvMvgi f Zi mvi vw`b`LwQI ì gvwUi KvR| nuvwo
cvwZj mi vmvbwK Zwi Ki QI i v| ewk KZ~nj wbq`LwQcvUvi KvR| gvwUi cvUvq
dzj i bKkv, i ex`bv_, eYxebi Z hyeZxi wP , Rqbyj i AuvKvMi yi PvKvVj Zvj vi
cwZwj wc, Do ci x, gq~i cwL bKvi wP , PvL eyR bRi yj h euvwk evRvQb, mB
dUvMvdi bKj | euvkeb AvQbkxZj GKwUMvg, AwekvmwSg ai vbxi eZvi f Zi ,
meyRkvI j vai vKzgvi ì cvYmvi w`qmvRvbvi ex`bv_, bRi yj , Rqbyj |
Dci i AbyQ` _K wekl (msvevPK, kwYevPK, mgwevPK), wqv(mgvwcKv, AmgvwcKv)
c`j vLuyRei Ki GKwUQKZwi Ki |
4. mvavi YeZgvbKvj i wewk cqvM`wLqKqKwUevKevbvI | hgb:
K. Px`vmej b, mevi Dci gvbyl mZZvnvi
Dci bvB| [AZxZKvj i A_, cvPxb
j LKi DwZw`Z]
L. GLbZeAvwm| [f wel rKvj i A_,
AbygwZcv_bvq]
k I c` 47
cgcwi Q`
kMVb
5. kMVb
5.1 abvZKk, AbyKvi k I kZ
5.2 k MVb: cv_wgKavi Yv
5. kMVb
5.1 abvZKk, AbyKvi k I kZ
abvZKk
KvbvwKQzi ^vf vweKevKv wbKAbyKwZwewk ki i ~cKabvZKk ej | hgb:
NDND(KzKzi i WvKevawb)
go go (MvQf Ocovi k)
VvVv(i vì ZxeZvi Abyf e)
abvZK k KZj vawbi wgwj Z i ~c| GBmwwj Z awb GKw`K Kvb kvbvawbi AbyKi Y
m, Abw`Kgvbyl i bvbvm~ Abyf ~wZi cZxK|
evsj vf vl vq abvZK kj vi wbR^KvbvA_bB| wKy evK eeZ nj Gj vwekl
Zvrchc~YA_cKvk Ki _vK| hgb:
1. gvbyl i awbi AbyKwZ:
f Df D: j vKwUf Df DKi Kvbv i yKi j |
wnwn: GZwnwnKi nvmvi Kvi YKx?
UvUv: Kvbi KvQGZUvUvKi vbvZv, gv_vai Mj |
YY: gqwUYYKi MvbMvBQ|
LKLK: eyovj vKwULKLKKi KvkQ|
2. RxeRi awbi AbKwZ:
NDND: KzKzi wUNDNDKi wPrKvi Ki Q|
wgDwgD: weovj wUwgDwgDKi WKKvj Gmemj |
KzKz: em KvwKj WKI VKzKzi e|
KvKv: KvKj vGKmv_ KvKvKi WKDVj |
Mi Mi : ZLbevNwUi vMMi Mi Ki Zj vMj |
3. e i awbi AbyKwZ:
NPNP: Kl Ki vNPNPKi avbKUPj Q|
gogo : MvQUvgogo Ki f Ocoj |
oo : oo Ki gNWvKQ|
Kj Kj : Kj Kj Ki b`xeqPj Q|
SgSg: SgSgKi ew bvgj |
4. Abyf ~wZi Kv wbKAbyKwZ:
wSwKwgwK: Puvì wKi Yj MKi wSwKwgwK|
VvVv: VvVvi v` Nyi ewoI bv|
KzUKzU: gkvqKzUKzUKi KvgovQ|
QgQg: f qMvQgQgKi Q|
PuvPuv: waqcUPuvPuvKi Q|
AbyKvi k
ki AbyKi YevweKvi hmeki mw nq, ZvKAbyKvi k ej |
AbyKvi k abvZKki Bi Kgdi gv | hgb:
Avevj Zvevj : bvgvbmKvj _KAvevj Zvevj eKPj Q|
KvcoPvco : gvevBi hvevi RbKvcoPvco ci Zwi nqemAvQb|
Lvevi `vevi : GBgv Lvevi `vevi kl nqQ|
MvQMvQ : wRwbmc MvQMvQKi bvI , GzwYei ye|
PvUcvU : AvgvKPvUcvUKi Kvbvj vf nebv|
Romo : f qQj UvRomo nqAvQ|
k I c` 49
UbUzb : gqwUUbUzbcvmKi Q|
wdUdvU : nxi vmemgqwdUdvU_vK|
eKSK : ayeKSKKxQj gqgvbyl Ki vhvq?
wgUgvU : mgmvUvwgUgvUnqMQ|
i vbvevbv : i vbvevbvkl , Gevi Lvevi cvj v|
kl gk : NUbvwUkl gk eo KZvi KvbwMqDVj |
nvevMvev: nvej yGLbvnvevMvevB_KMj |
kZ
evsj vf vl vqKvbvKvbvk, c` evAbyKvi k GKevi eenvi Ki j hA_cKvk Ki , mj v
`yevi eenvi Ki j Zvi A_i mcmvi YNUevwekl f veRvi vj vAwf ew cKvk cvq| Gj vK
wi y k ej | hgb:
Ri (i vMwekl ) : Avgvi Ri nqQ|
Ri Ri (Ri i f ve, Ri bq) : Avgvi Ri Ri evanQ|
gvbyl i `bw`bK_vevZvqGi KgcPzi wi y k eeZnq| Gai bi wi y kKwZbf vMf vM
Ki vhvq| h_v:
1. ki wi yw evkZ
2. cì wi yw evc`Z
3. abvZKwi yw
kZ: GKBk ci ci `yevi eeZnqwewk A_cKvk Ki j ZvK ki wi yw evkZ
ej |
kZbvbvf veMwVZnZcvi | hgb:
1. GKBk `yevi eenvi Ki :
eQi eQi : eQi eQi ci xvqf vj dj Ki Qv, GZAvgi vmevBLywk|
e ve v : e ve vavbf i wbqUvKwUPj Mj |
duvUvduvUv : evi v`vi Qv` _KduvUvduvUvcvwbcoQ|
Av Av : GKUzAv Av Pj , Avgvi cvqe_v|
Pj ZPj Z : Pj ZPj ZK_vej v|
gbgb : gbgbcovi PqAvI qvRKi covf vj |
RbRb : mKvj m~hI VGK_vRbRbwRmKi Rvbvi cqvRbnqbv|
K_vqK_vq : K_vqK_vqZvgvi K_vGmMj |
LqLq : GmgvRAbKBLqLq`nUvAvj yi e vi gZvKi dj Q|
ej ej : ZvKw`qwKQyBnebv GK_vej ej meyRKgbvej nxbKi vnqQ|
2. GKBki mgv_K(cvq) Avi -GKwUk eenvi Ki :
Avkv-f i mv : GKgv Qj wUevev-gvqi Avkv-f i mvi j |
AvZxq-^Rb : evwoZAbKAvZxq-^RbGmQ|
K_v-evZv : Zvi mv_ Avgvi K_v-evZvnqQ|
Pvj -Pj b : j vKwUi Pvj -Pj bi nmRbK|
XvKXvj : evcvi UvXvKXvj wcwUqbvRvbvj wKPj Zbv?
ab`j Z : KzZzeyw bmvneAbKab`j Zi gvwj K|
f qWi : Qj wUi f qWi ej wKQzbB|
gv_vgyz : Zvgvi K_vi gv_vgyywKQzBeySj vgbv|
myLkvw : bkvM Qj gqi Kvi Ymsmvi myLkvw b nq|
3. Rvo ki ci - Ask AvswkKcwi eZbKi :
KvQvKvwQ : K_vmvwnwZKnvmvbAvwRRyj nKi evwoi KvQvKvwQAvgi v_vwK|
PqwP : AbKPqwP Zvi KvQ_KwKQzUvKvavi Ki GbwQ|
WvKvWvwK : AvgvKWvKvWvwKKi vi ì Kvi nebv, mgqgZvPj hve|
gvi ai : GZgvi ai LqI Pvi wUPzwi Ki vgvj vgvj di Zw`j bv|
i vMvi vwM : Gmvi vMvi vwMbvKi evcvi UvwgwUqdwj |
4. weci xZkhvM:
Avmj - bKj : GLbAvmj - bKj Pbveo `vq|
Avmv- hvI qv : Avgvì evwoZZvi Avmv- hvI qvAvQ|
BQv- AwbQv : Zvgvi BQv- AwbQvqwKQzhvq- Avmbv|
ePv- Kbv : Drmei evRvi ePv- Kbvek RgDVQ|
Rb- gZz : Rb- gZzmwKZvi nvZ|
`bv- cvI bv : `bv- cvI bvwgwUqw`qnuvd Qo euvPj vg|
k I c` 51
f vj v- g` : gvbyl i Pwi f vj v- g` `yw`KB_vK|
nvi - wRZ : Lj vqnvi - wRZ_vKeB|
5. AbyKvi awbhvM:
UzcUvc : UzcUvc Ki ew coQ|
UzsUvs : Pzwo evRUzsUvs|
wPKwPK : wPKwPKKi evwj Kv_vI bvBKv`v|
kbkb : kbkbKi evqyeq|
Qj Qj : Zvi PvL Qj Qj Ki Q|
UbUb : nvZUve_vqUbUbKi Q|
5.2 kMVb: cv_wgKavi Yv
GKevGKvwaKA_c~Yawbi mgwKk ej | A_Bki cvY|
kBevKeenvi i gvag gvbyl gbi f ve cwi c~Yf ve cKvk Ki | GRbbZzb bZzb kMVb
Ki Znq| bvbvDcvqkMVbnZcvi | hgb:
1. ebeYi mv_ Kvi hvMKi :
e&+v+o&+w=evwo
Z&++Y =ZY
Gi Kg: Mvwo, evev, wel , bKv, KvKwj , i vRkvnxBZvw`|
2. ebeYi mv_ dj vhvMKi :
K&+i = : e
K&+j =K: Kv
Gi Kg: P, evK,c, i vbvBZvw`|
Gj vnQkMVbi cv_wgKDcvq|
evsj vf vl vqGgbwKQzk AvQhj vK wekl YKi vevf vOvhvqbv, mj vK gwj K k ej |
hgb: nvZ, cv, gyL, dzj , cvwL, MvQBZvw`|
Avevi wKQzk AvQhvwewf bDcvqevcwqvqMwVZnqQ| mj vKej vnqmvwaZk| hgb:
Wze&+Dwi =Wzeywi
Ni +Avwg=Ni vwg
gN+G=gNBZvw`|
mvwaZk bvbvDcvqMwVZnZcvi :
1. gwj KkhvM: cvMj +Avwg=cvMj vwg
eB+c =eBc
2. ki kl wef w hvMKi : Avgv+K=AvgvK
evwo +i =evwoi
PMvg+G=PMvg
3. ki AvMDcmMhvMKi :
AAKvR, Af ve, Abxj , APbv, A_|
AvAvavqv, Avj ywb, AvMvQv, AvMgb, AvK, Avmgy`|
wbwbLuyZ, wbj vR, wbi U, wbYq, wbevi Y, wbj yl |
wewef uyB, wedj , wec_, wevb, we , weeY, wekLj |
mymybRi , myLei , myw`b, mybvg, myK, mybxj , myPZzi |
4. ki ci cZqhvMKi :
AvB : XvKvB, wbgvB, RMvB, wgVvB|
DK : f veyK, wg K, wg_yK, j vRyK|
BK : mvwnwZK, ew`K, `wbK, gvwmK|
Ab : Kuv`b, euvab, f vOb, Rj b|
Lvbv : wPwoqvLvbv, eVKLvbv, QvcvLvbv|
Abxq : Ki Yxq, ei Yxq, i Yxq|
5. mwi mvnvh:
we`v+Avj q=we`vj q f +BQv= f Qv
kxZ+FZ=kxZvZ c` +nwZ=cwZ
mg+Zvc =mvc mg+ev` =msev`
w`K&+A =w`M cwi +Q` =cwi Q`
6. mgvmi mvnvh:
emZi Rbevwo =emZevwo
gyL Pì bvq=gyLP`
b`xgvZvhvi =b`xgvZK
k I c` 53
`yBw`KAc hvi =xc
i xwZKAwZgbvKi =h_vi xwZ
7. kZi gvag:
evwo >evwo evwo
Ni >Ni Ni
Xs>XsXs
j vj >j vj j vj
`j >`j `j
Kg- Abykxj b
1. gbKi , Zzwgi v vw`qnuvUQnbnwbq| Zvgvi cvqi KvQw`qmomo Ki Pj Mj
GKUvmvc! f qZvgvi MvQgQg Ki DVj | gv_vNyi DVj ebeb Ki | Zzwg f Df D
Ki bvKu` LuvLuvi v yi BkuvkuvKi ò evwo Pj Gj |
GBAbyQ` abvZK ki eenvi Ki vnqQ| Zzwg mj vwb`k Ki GesGRvZxq k
eenvi Ki ZzwgI GKwUAbyQ` j L|
2. w`bw`bPvl i Rwg- RgvKgQ| eb-UbDRvo nqhvQ| gvV-gvVdmj bB| eb-
eb Rxe-Ry bB| eQi - eQi j vKRb evoQ| evwo-Ni , `vKvbcvU, Kj -Kvi LvbvnQ|
Lvj -wej , cyKzi -UzKzi `Lj I f i vUnq hvQ| Avgvì cwi ek I f wel Zi RbGwU
gvi vZKgwKî ~c|
Dci i AbyQ` wewf bi Kgwi y k eenvi Ki vnqQ| KvbwUKvbai bi wi y k cqvM
j Ki A_mnZvi GKwUZvwj KvZwi Ki |
l cwi Q`
evK
6. evK
6.1 evKMVbi kZ: AvKvv, AvmwI hvMZv
6.2 LevK, ^vaxbI AaxbLevK
6.3 mi j , RwUj I hwMKevKi MVb
6. evK
GKevGKvwaKcì vi vhLbe vi gbvf vem~Yi ~c cKvk cvq, ZLbZvKevKej | hgb:
j L|
AvwgLvB|
KvRxmemvPxeBcob|
evKi c`j vi gacvi wi KGKwUmKevA^q_vKZnq, hvi Kvi Ye vi gbvf veeve e
f vedzUI V|
j Ki :
wMqcyKzi eo ai wQGKUvgvQ|
LuvLuvAcyhvI qvqPj Ki QevwoUv|
evK`yUvZ e vi gbvf ve cwi vi bq| Kbbv, c`j vi gacvi wi K A^q bB| c`j v
myweb bq| ZvBGj vK evKej vhvqbv| evKnZ nj c`j vmyweb f vemvRvZ ne|
hgb:
cyKzi wMqeo GKUvgvQai wQ|
AcyPj hvI qvqevwoUvLuvLuvKi Q|
mvavi YZ KZv, KgI wqvc` wbq evKMwVZ nq| Ze GKwUevKK mv_K Ki Zzj Z Avi v
KZKj vYevkZgvbZnq|
6.1evKMVbi kZ: AvKvv, Avmw, hvMZv
GKwUAv`kevmv_K evKZLbBMwVZnehLbevKwUi wZbwUYevewk_vKe| GYj v
nQ:
1. AvKvv 2. Avmw 3. hvMZv
1. AvKvv: evKi A_cyi vcywi evSvi RbGK c` kvbvi ci Abc` kvbvi BQvevAvMnK
AvKvvej | hgb:
cj vk gbw`qj Lvcov...
ej j e vi gbi f ve m~YevSvhvq bv| Avi vwKQzej vi evwK _vK| Avi vwKQzkvbvi BQv
RvM|
hw` ej vnq
cj vk gbw`qj LvcovKi | A_ev
cj vk gbw`qj LvcovKi v| A_ev
cj vk gbw`qj LvcovKi e|
Zekvbvi BQvwUc~Ynq| Avi Gf veevKI m~Ynq|
2. Avmw: evKi A_msMwZi vKi c`j vKh_vh_f vemvwRqi vLvi bvgAvmw| hgb:
evevevRvi Bwj k _KGbQb|
GLvbe vhvej ZPqQbZvi meDcKi YAvQ| wKy c`j vh_vh_f vemvRvbvnqwb| dj
my KvbvA_I cKvk cvqwb| wKy
evevevRvi _KBwj k GbQb|
Gf ve j Lvnj e ewUi A_cyi vcywi cwi vi nq GKwUmyMwVZ evKnZv| ZvBmv_K evK
eeZc`j vi h_vh_ Aevb_vKvAvekK|
3. hvMZv: evKi AMZc`j vi gaA_i msMwZI f vei wgj ebKhvMZvej | hgb:
Avgi veowk w`qgvQawi |
GwU GKwU mv_K evK| Kbbv GLvb c`jvi A_MZ I fveMZ wgj iwZ nq Zv wekvmi Rb
w`qQ| wKy
Avgiv eowk w`q bviKj cvwo|
ej j e ewUZ A_I f vei AmsMwZ cKvk cvq| ZvwekvmhvMI nqbv| Kvi Yeowk w`qKD
bvi Kj cvo bv| myZi vsevKc`j vi gaA_i msMwZI f vei wgj i vKi vAvekK| bqZv
hvMZvi Af veZvevKnebv|
6.2 LevK, ^vaxbI AaxbLevK
LevK
cwZwUevKi `ywUAsk _vK:
1. D k: evKhvi mKwKQzej vnq, ZvKD kej | hgb:
wkgyj gvVLj ZMj |
2. weaq: evKD kmKhvej vnq, ZvKweaqej | hgb:
wkgyj gvVLj ZMj |
GKwUD kI GKwUweaqwqvi (mgvwcKv) mgw hw` wbRGKwU^vaxbevKwnmeeeZbv
nqAbKvbveni evKi Aski ~c eeZnq, ZvKLevKej | hgb:
hvi vf vj vQj , Zvi vwkKi Av`k cvj bKi |
GevK`ywULevKAvQ:
1. hvi vf vj vQj
2. Zvi vwkKi Av`k cvj bKi |
`ywUevKB hnZzGKwUeo evKi Ask, mnZzevKvsk `ywUeo evKi LevK| LevK
GKwUgv mgvwcKvwqv_vKGesZvAbGKwUevKi Aski ~c eeZnq|
LevK`yi Kgi nq| h_v: 1. ^vaxbLevK 2. AaxbLevK
1. ^vaxbLevK: GKwUeo evKi AMZhLevKZvi wbRi A_cKvki RbAbKvbv
LevKi I ci wbf i kxj bq, ZvK^vaxbevcavbLevKej | hgb:
GevKi Zvi vwkKi Av`k cvj bKi GLevKwUKAvj v`vevKwnmeI j LvhZcvi |
^vaxbLevKKm~YevK_KZzj wbqAvj v`vf vewj Lj I Zvi c~YA_cKvk cvq|
evK 57
2. Aaxb LevK: GKwUeo evKi AMZ hLevKwUZvi A_m~Yi ~c cKvk Ki vi Rb
^vaxbLevKi I ci wbf i kxj , ZvK AaxbLevKevAvwkZevAcavbLevKej | Aaxb
LevKK m~YevK _K Zzj wbq Avj v`vf ve wj Lj Zvi cwi c~YA_cKvk cvq bv,
AvKvv_Khvq| hgb:
GevKi hvi vf vj vQj LevKKAvj v`vKi wj Lj AvKvvYi weNNU|
AaxbLevKwZbi Kgi :
K. wekl vbxqAaxbLevK: hAaxbLevK^vaxbLevKi h-Kvbvcì Aaxb_K
wekl i KvRKi , ZvKwekl vbxqAaxbLevKej | hgb:
Avwgevwo wMq`Lj vg, mevi LvI qvnqMQ|
L. wekl Yvbxq Aaxb LevK: h Aaxb LevK^vaxb LevKi AMZ Kvbvwekl ev
mebvgi `vl , Y, AevcKvk Ki , ZvKwekl Yvbxq AaxbLevKej | hgb:
hcwi kgKi , m-BmyL j vf Ki | (AaxbLevKwUm-Bmebvgi Aev
cKvk Ki Q)
M. wqv-wekl YvbxqAaxbLevK: hAaxbLevKwqvcì vb, Kvj I Kvi Ywb`kKA_
eeZnq, ZvKwqv-wekl YvbxqAaxbLevKej | hgb:
hw` Zvi WvK bKDbvAvm, ZeGKj vPj vi |
6.3 mi j , RwUj I hwMKevKi MVb
MVbAbymvi evKwZbcKvi | h_v:
1. mi j evK
2. RwUj evK
3. hwMKevK
1. mi j evK: hevKGKwUKZvevD kI GKwUBmgvwcKvwqvevweaq_vK, ZvK mi j
evKej | hgb:
LvKbeBcoQ|
AvwgeK muvZvi wkLwQ|
RMZAmeej wKQzbB|
2. RwUj evK: hevKGKwU^vaxb evKGesGK evGKvwaK Aaxb evKci i mvcf ve
eeZnq, ZvKRwUj evKevwgkevKej | hgb:
whwbci i DcKvi Ki b, ZuvKmevBkvKi |
Kv_vI c_ bvcqZvgvi KvQGmwQ|
ZzwgAvmeej AvwgAcvKi AvwQ|
3. hwMK evK: `yBevZvi AwaK mi j evRwUj evKwgwj Znqhw` GKwUm~YevKMVbKi ,
ZeZvKhwMKevKej | hgb:
Qj wUMwi ewKy gavex|
`ytL Geswec` GKmv_ Avm|
GZYAcvKi j vgwKy Mvwo cj vgbv|
RwUj I hwMKevKGKvwaKevKvsk evevKw`qMwVZ|
RwUj evKi AMZevKvskj vci i mvc, GKwUAci wUi I ci wbf i kxj |
hwMK evKi AMZ evKj vcvq ^Z| I , Ges, Avi , A_P, wKsev, ei sBZvw` AeqhvM
hwMKevKi AMZLevKj vhy nq| hgb:
RwUj : hwÌ j vKwUabx, ZeyI mKcY|
hwMK: j vKwUabxwKy KcY|
RwUj : hwÌ Zuvi UvKvAvQ, ZeywZwb`vbKi bbv|
hwMK: Zuvi UvKvAvQwKy wZwb`vbKi bbv|
RwUj : hLbwec` Avm, ZLb`ytLI Avm|
hwMK: wec` Ges`ytL GKBmv_ Avm|
evK 59
Kg-Abykxj b
1. Zvgvi evwoZ 3/4 eQi eqmi Kvbvwk AvQ? _vKj (bv_vKj Ab evwoi ) Zvi
Avav-AvavK_vj vgb w`q kvbvi I evSvi PvKi | `Le mA KqKwUk
eenvi Ki Zvi gbi mKj f vecKvk Ki vi PvKi Q| mj vZvgvi KvQAmsj Mev
Gj vgj vI nvmKi gb ne| Zvi GB Gj vgj vK_vj vZvgvi weePbvq evKi
Kvb Y evj Y evnZ Ki Q? Avav-AvavK_vej vKvbvwk i wKQzAmsj MnvmKi
K_vi Dj-L Ki GKwUcwZe`bc ZKi | (GwUGKwU`j e KvRI nZcvi | )
2. GKwUKZvI GKwUmgvwcKvwqvAvQGgb `kwUevK j L| Gi ci mgvwcKvwqvK
Acwi ewZZi L evKwUi KvbvAskK RwUj evKi ~cvi Ki | Zvi ci h_vmemshvRK
evweqvRKAeqi cqvMevKwUKhwMKevKi ~cvi Ki | hgb:
Zvi eqmnj I eyw nqwb|
RwUj evK: Zvi eqmnqQ, eyw nqwb|
hwMKevK: Zvi eqmnqQwKy eyw nqwb|
3. wbPi evKj vZMVbMZw`K_KKvbKvbYi Af veNUQLvZvqj L:
K. Kvj AvwghvevUbevwo Ki |
L. m~hcwgw`KDw`Znq|
M. gbw`qKi me...|
m gcwi Q`
wei vg-wP>
7. wei vg-wP>
7.1 wei vg-wP>
7.2 Kgv, mwgKvj b, Kvj bI nvBdbi eenvi
Kg-Abykxj b
7. wei vg-wP>
7.1wei vg-wP>
gvbyl GKUvbvK_vej Zcvi bv| ZvBZvK gvS gvS _vgZnq| ZvQvovAbK K_vj vevSvi
mgqI w`Znq| j Lvi ej vqI ZgwbgvS gvS wei wZw`Znq| K_v_vgvZnqkvmbevi Rb|
j Lv_vgvZevKeeZnqbvbvi KgwP evmsKZ| GBwP evmsKZBwei vg-wP>| GKhwZ
evQ`-wPI ej vnq_vK| wei vg-wP eenvi i dj evKi A_my nq|
wj wLZevKA_myf vecKvk Ki gvbyl i AveM, Abyf ~wZBZvw` e Ki vi RbhwQmg~n
eenvi Ki vnqZvKwei vg-wP ej |
wbPevKeeZwewf bcKvi wei vgwPi bvg, AvKwZwb`k Ki vnj v:
wei vgwP>i bvg AvKwZ
Kgv ,
mwgKvj b ;
ùvwo |
wRvmvwP ?
weqwP !
Kvj b :
Kvj bWvm :-
Wvm
nvBdb -
Di YwP / DwZwP
ebxwP ( ), {}, []
weK wP /
Bj K/ j vcwP / EaKgv
Dwj-wLZ wei vg wPj vi gawKQzwP e vi gbvf vei mgvw evSvZ evKi kl em| wKQz
wP e vi gbvf vei A_myf veevSvZevKi gaem|
evKi kl eeZwei vgwPj vnQ: ùvwo (| ), wRvmvwP ( ? ) I weqwP ( ! )|
ùvwo (| )
e vi evj LKi gbvf vei mgvw evSvZevKi kl ùvwo evc~YQ` em| hgb:
Avgi vevsj v`k evmKwi |
wRvmvwP> ( ? )
e vi gb KvbvwKQzRvbvi AvMn Rbvj ZvRvbZ evKi kl wRvmvwP evckwP em|
hgb:
Zvgvi bvgKx?
weqwP> ( ! )
e vi gbi wewf bAveMhgb: Avb`, e`bv, `ytL, f q, NYvBZvw` cKvk Ki Z Gesm^vab
cì ci weqwP evm^vabwP em| hgb:
1. Avnv! Kxmyì `k!
2. gvMv! ZzwgKLbGj !
evKi gaeeZwei vg-wPj vnQ: Kgv( , ), mwgKvj b( ; ), Kvj b( : ), nvBdb
(- ), Wvm( ), EaKgv( ), DwZwP ( ), weK wP ( / )|
7.2Kgv, mwgKvj b, Kvj bI nvBdbi eenvi
Kgv( , )
evKA wei wZevSvZKgvem| bvbvcqvRbevKKgvwP eeZnq| hgb:
1. evKi A_ Ki vi RbKgvem| hgb:
Zzwghve, bvhvebv?
myL PvI , myL cvecwi kg|
2. evKm^vabi ci Kgvem| hgb:
mZz, coZemv|
we_y, LveGmv|
3. GKBcì GKvwaKk cvkvcvwk eeZnj Kgvem| hgb:
wekl : cv, gNbv, hgybvevsj v`ki cavbcavbb`x|
wekl Y: myL, `ytL, Avkv, wbi vkvGKBgvj vi dzj |
mebvg: Zzwg, AvwgI i webevRvi hve|
4. GKBai bi GKvwaKevKevevKvskKAvj v`vKi ZKgvem| hgb:
kvKvmXzKj , eBi vLj , Zvi ci ewi qMj |
Avgvì KvQ^vaxbZvwèm, weRqwèm, cnj vekvL LyeBAvbì w`b|
5. evKDvi wPi AvMKgvem| hgb:
gvej j b, AKi Zemv|
Avwgej j vg, M i eBcoZBf vj vj vMQ|
mwgKvj b( ; )
GKvwaK evKi gawbKUmK_vKj Zvì gvS hvMm~ i vi RbmwgKvj b eenvi Ki v
nq| mwgKvj bwP Kgvi PqwYmgqwei wZbq| hgb:
1. `yUvevKi gaf veevA_i m^ _vKj mwgKvj bem| hgb:
w`bUvf vj vbq; gvSgvSew coQ|
K_vUvej vmnR; Ki vKwVb|
2. GKvwaKevKmshvRKAeqi vi vhy bvnj mwgKvj bem| hgb:
AvMzj i cov; ci M i eB|
3. hmeAeqeci xZevAbygvbcKvk Ki , Zvì AvMmwgKvj bem| hgb:
gbvhvMw`qco; Zvnj Bf vj dj Ki e|
Qj wUgavex; wKy f vwi Aj m|
wei vg-wP 63
Kvj b( : )
evKbvbvKvi YKvj bwP eeZnq| hgb:
1. D`vni Yev`v evSvZ:
evsj vmw `ycKvi : î mw I ebmw|
2. DwZi AvM:
i ex`bv_ ej Qb: gwi ZPvwnbvAvwgmyì f zeb|
3. bvUKi msj vci AvM:
`yKwo : KxPvB?
KvOvwj : Av, gnvkqnQb`kwnZl x|
`yKwo : ZvZvmKj BRvbwKy Avmj evcvi UvKx?
KvOvwj : Avcwbmvavi Yi wnZi RbcvYcY
nvBdb( - )
nvBdbKevsj vqmshvMwP ej vnq| wewf bKvi YevKnvBdbi eenvi nq| hgb:
1. `yUvki mshvMevSvZnvBdbem| hgb:
Avgvi gv-eveveovZMQb|
cvc-cyY, f vj v-g` weeKw`qeySZnq|
2. mgvme cì Askj vwewQbKi `Lvevi RbnvBdbem| hgb:
Avgvì cxwZ-Dcnvi MnYKi yb|
Zvì gaAwn-bKzj mK|
3. GKBai bi k cKvki nvBdbem| hgb:
evsj v`k b`-b`xi `k|
XvKv-Lyj bv-ewi kvj G`ki eo kni |
Kg-Abykxj bx
1. wbPi AbyQ`j vZwei vgwP emvI :
K. Avgvì Mvgi Ni Ni hwkKvnvZcvLvdzj wcVvZwi Ki vnqZvgvUBAenj vi mvgMxbq
L. hyeK ewj j wK mKvR Avwg wK ZvnvRvwbZ cvwi bvKcvKwi qvAvgvK ZvnvRvwbZ `vI
Awf b`qmyì bvqcvYw`qvI AvwgmKvhZvgvi mnvqZvKwi e
M. gyw ej j mvi ej QbAvRKvmwZwbi ex`bv_i Qj ej vwbqM kvbveb|
Avwgej j vgwZwbwKKvbeBco AvmZej wQj b
gyw ej j ZzwgMZKvmAvmvwbKbKvmbvKi j KZK_vRvbvhvqbveySQv
AvwgDi w`j vgmw`bAvwgLyeBAmy wQj vg|
Gevi gyw ej j mvi AvRAvgvì KvbveBco Avmvi K_vej `bwb|
2. evKKv_vqKv_vqWvk I nvBdbem`vmnDcvcbKi |
wei vg-wP 65
Agcwi Q`
evbvb
8. evbvb
8.1 evbvbi KqKwUmvavi Ywbqg
8. evbvb
f vl v i ~c wj LZnj mf vl vi evbvbRvbvLyeRi ywi | cZK f vl vi Bevbvbi wbqgAvQ| evsj v
f vl vi evbvbi I wekl wKQzwbqgi qQ| GBwbqgmgqe`j i mmwKQyUvAvaywbKKi vnq|
evsj v`k mvavi Yf ve gvb Ki vnq evsj vGKvWgxAbygvw`Z evbvbi xwZ| wbP evsj vevbvbi
KqKwUmvavi Ywbqg`Lvbvnj v|
8.1evbvbi KqKwUmvavi Ywbqg
K. evbvbB C, D E-Gi eenvi
1. hmeZrmg ki evbvb nÎ `xNDf qî ( B C, D E ) Awf avbwm, m Ges
AZrmg( Ze, `wk, we`wk, wgk) ki evbvb ayn^î ( Bw, D y) ne| hgb:
Zrmgk :
Aywi , AUwe, Avwei , Avwkm&, Dl v, wKse`w, KzwUi , Mw, Mvewj , wPrKvi , Zi wY, Zwi , `wk,
c`we, we`wk, y, kwY, mvi wY|
AZrmgk :
Av`wg, Avwcj , Avwgb, Avj gvwi , DwKj , D`y, KvwR, Kvi evwi , Kvwi Mwi , Kzwgi , Ki vwb, wL, wLv,
Mwi e, MvwR, Mvwo, wMwb, PvKwi , Ri ywi , Rvbyqvwi , wWwM, ì Kvwi , `vwe, w`wN, ayj v, bvmvwi , cowk,
c`we, evwo, euvwk, evOvwj , e- AvBwb, f zZzo, wgw, gyj v, gqwj , wh , i kwg, j Uvwi , j vBewi ,
kv wo, wkKvwi , mewR, mi Kvwi , mywb, nvwR, wnRwi |
2. KqKwUxevPKki kl C-Kvi ne| hgb:
Awf b x, K x, Kj vYx, wKkvi x, Mvf x, YeZx, Px, PZz`kx, Qv x, Rbbx, Zi yYx, `vmx, `ytwLbx,
èx, bvi x, cZx, wckvPx, we`yl x, eywgZx, gvZvgnx, gvbex, hyeZx, j x, kxgZx, mZx, mi ^Zx,
nwi Yx, ngx|
3. f vl vI RvwZi bvgi kl B- Kvi ne| hgb:
AvdMvwb, Avi we, Bsi wR, Bi vwK, Bi vwb, Bw`, Kvwkwi , Rvcvwb, ZzwK, bcvwj , cvwK vwb,
cvvwe, di vwm, evOvwj , muvI Zvwj , wmw, wnw`|
4. wekl YevPKAvwj -cZqhy k B-Kvi ne| hgb:
PZvwj , cyevwj , eYvwj , wgZvwj , gqwj , i ycvwj , mvbvwj |
L. evbvbI -Gi eenvi
1. wqvcì evbvbc`v I - Kvi ( v) Acwi nvhbq| hgb:
Avbe, Ki Z, Lj e, Pj e, `LZ, ai e, bvPe, coe, ej Z, gi e, gi ve, j oe, wj Le|
2. eZgvbAbyvi mvgvbi ~c c`v I - Kvi c`vbKi vhvq| hgb:
Avbv, Ki v, Lj v, Pj v, `Lv, ai v, bvPv, cov, ej v, gvi v, j ov, j Lv|
3. AvbvcZqv ki kl I -Kvi ne| hgb:
Ki vbv, LvI qvbv, VvOvbv, `Lvbv, bvgvbv, cvVvbv, kvqvbv|
4. A_evDPvi Ywevwi myhvM_vKj wKQzwekl , wekl YI Aeqk I -Kvi Ì qvAvekK|
hgb:
Kvj (mgq), Kvj v(K eY);
Kvb(Kx, K, KvbwU), Kvbv(ei gaGK);
f vj (Kcvj ), f vj v(Dg)|
M. evbvbwemM( t )-Gi eenvi
1. c`v wemM( t ) _vKebv| hgb:
gk, wZxqZ, c_gZ, cavbZ, e Z, g~j Z|
2. c`ga wemM_vKe| hgb:
At, `ytL, `ytmn, wbtk, cybtcyb, ^Zt ~Z|
evbvb 67
3. Awf avbwm nj c`ga wemMeRbxq| hgb:
`y, wbkvm, wbn, ewn, gb|
N. evbvbg~ab-YI `-b-Gi eenvi
1. hy eb(Zrmgk) U-eMxqeYi (UVWX) c~eeZxchy j g~ab-Ynq| hgb:
KK, Nv, wbN, eb, AKz, AvK, DrKv, DcK, K, Kbvwj , j yb, AKvj Kzv, A,
Kv, Kvvi x, Kzj , L, Px, `, cwZ, f , f vwg|
2. Zrmgk F,F-Kvi ( ), i , i -dj v( ), i d ( ), l , -Gi ci g~ab-Ynq| hgb:
FY, ZY, Ai Y, vY, eY, we`~l Y, wekl Y, Y, wYK|
3. GKBki gaF, F-Kvi , i , i -dj v, i d, l , -Gi hKvbvwUi ci î eY, K-eM, c-eM
Gesh, q, n, Aby^vi ( s), GBeYj vi GKwUevGKvwaK eY_vKj I ci eZxg~ab-Ynq|
hgb:
KcY, wbi ~cY, AMnvqY, AKgY, wbevY, mevxY, AcgvY, egvY|
4. c, ci v, cwi , wbi - GBPvi wUDcmMi ci bg&, bk&, bx, by, Ab&, nb&cf wZ avZzi `- bj
g~ab-Ynq| hgb:
c: cYvg, cYe, cYxZ, cwYcvZ;
ci v: ci vqY, ci vn;
cwi : cwi YwZ, cwi Yvg, cwi Yq;
wbi : wbYxZ, wbYq, wbYvqK|
5. hy ebMVb(AZrmgk) U-eMi c~e`- bnq| hgb:
BUvi , DBUvi , Kvi U, Mv, Uvi , cvU, ev, j b, mUvj |
6. hy ebMVb(Zrmg, AZrmgmKj k) Z-eMi c~e`-bnq| hgb:
Ab, Ai , GKv, Kv, Rj , gx, M, cv, Awb`, ci vb, cQb, i vbv, mvwba|
7. mw I mgvmhvMMwVZki evbvb`- benvj _vK| hgb:
AMbvqK, Anwbk, zwbew, wP vb, `ybvg, `ywbevi , `ybxwZ, wbwbgl , wkvb|
8. Ze, `wk I we`wk k me `- bne| hgb:
Avcb, Avqi b, Kzwbk, Kvi vb, wMb, wPi ywb, Si bv, ai b, evwbk, gi yb, j b, wkni b, nb|
O. evbvbg~ab-l -Gi eenvi
1. F wKsevF- Kvi ( )-Gi ci g~ab-l nq| hgb:
Fwl , Kwl , Kl K, K, Zv, Zwl Z, `w, mw, wP|
2. i - awbi d ( )-Gi i ~c wbqKvbvebeYi gv_vqemj Hebi ci g~ab-l nq| hgb:
AvKl Y, Cl v, DrKl , el v, el Y, wegl , gyg~l y, kxl , m wl , nl |
3. A, AvQvovAbKvbvî eYGesK&, i &eYi ci eZx`-mg~ab-l nq| hgb:
Cl r, Dl v, Gl Yv, Kvl , wRMxl v, wel g, f wel r, i vl , myl gv|
4. B-Kvi v I D-Kvi v DcmMi ci KZKj vavZzZg~ab-l nq| hgb:
m>Abyl , mK>Awf l K, vb>Awavb, my >myl y |
5. hy ebMVb(Zrmgk) U-eMi c~eg~ab-l nq| hgb:
Awb, Ag, Avo, DwQ, Dc`v, K, Pv, Mvx, cwZv, f ~wg, k, myz|
6. hy ebMVb(Zrmg, AZrmgmKj k) Z-eMi c~e`-mnq| hgb:
Aa b, B dv, Dv , I v`, K wi , Kv , Rei `w , vb, vbxq, ^v|
7. hy ebMVb(Zrmg, AZrmgmKj k) P-eMi c~eZvj e-k nq| hgb:
Avh, `ywi , wbq, cvr, cvqw, ewK, wbw`|
P. evbvbi d ( )- Gi eenvi
i d-Gi ci Kv_vI ( Zrmg, AZrmgmKj k ) ebeYi wZnebv| hgb:
KR, Kg, Kvh, c~e, d`, ggi , kZ, m~h|
Q. evbvbO/ s-Gi eenvi
1. mwZ(Zrmgk) c_gcì kl g&_vKj K-eMi c~eg&vbs(Aby^vi ) ne| hgb:
AnsKvi (Ang&+Kvi ), wKsKi , wKse`w, SsKvi , f qsKi , msK , msKxY, msMxZ, msN, msNvZ,
sKvi |
2. Dchy wbqgmwRvZbvnj , hy ebK-eMi c~eg&vbO(Dquv)) ne| hgb:
AvKvv, Azi , A, BwZ, DQLj , Kvj , KvwZ, Mv, Rw, `vv, cR, cy,
e, f w, j Nb, wkvb, mx|
evbvb 69
3. cZqI wef w nxbki kl s(Aby^vi ) eeZnq| hgb:
Avos, B`vbxs, Ges, Vvs, Xs, cvj s, dwos, ei s, i s, wks|
4. ZeAby^vi hy k cZq, wef w evî eYhy nj sj Oj Lvne| hgb:
AvoO, UO, XO, dwoOi , i wOb, i vwOq, mOi |
Kg- Abykxj b
1. Avmvpew nq| AwZewi cvwYcwi bvgeqAvbebv| j vKi Kevo| `Lv`q wewf b
i vMi c`ytf ve| Pj vPj `yi nqco|
GBevKj v_Kf zj evbvbj vLuyRei Ki | mj vKvbKvi Yf zj ZvDjL Ki |
2. Zvgvi cvVeBqi h-KvbvGKwUM Lyef vj vKi co| Zvi ci M wU_K hme evbvbB,
D-Kvi Gesh-mexevPK k C-Kvi cvI qvhvqmj vi GKwUZvwj KvZwi Ki | (GwUZzwg
GKwUMyc Zwi Ki I Ki Zcvi | )
begcwi Q`
Awf avb
9. Awf avb
9.1 eYvbyg
9.2 f zw I kxl k
Kg- Abykxj b
9. Awf avb
Bsi wR Dictionary kwUi evsj vA_Awf avb| Awf avb nj vf vl vi mBM, hv_K H f vl vi
kmg~n, ki A_, Drm, eyrcw, c` wbYq BZvw` wel q mKwek`f ve Rvbvhvq| Awf avb
Rvwbq `q ki i ~c KvbwU, evbvb KvbwU, A_KvbwU| Awf avb gvbB nQ
Zvi cZxK| cw_exi meDbZ f vl vi BAwf avb evkKvl AvQ| evsj vf vl vqI msKwj Z nqQ
mg Awf avb|
9.1 eYvbyg
Awf avb ki ci k mvRvbv_vK eYvbywgKf ve| c_g A w`q hme ki evbvb i y,
mj v| Zvi ci Avw`q, Zvi ci Bw`q; Gf ve eYi g Abymvi mvRvbv_vK Awf avb| Ze
mvavi Yf veeYi hggvbKi vnqZv_K Awf avbmvgvbewZg`Lvhvq| wbPAwf avb
Af y ki eYvbyg`Lvbvnj v|
mvavi YeYvbyg
A AvB C D E F G H I J
K L MN O P QR S T
U V WX Y Z _ ` a b
c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u
Awf avbeeZeYvbyg
A AvB C D E F G H I J s t u
K L MN OP QR S T
U V W o X p Y Z(r) _ ` a b
c d e f g h q i j k l mn
hy vi i eYvbyg
M&Y L N
P QT
oM Y&X YY&g
MN a U b&X
` bb
e ef ^
j j
n
Kvi wP> v wx y ~ v
dj vwP Y g j e
î eY, Kvi wP>, Aby^vi , wemMI P`we`yi webvmi bgybv
K KA KAvKB KC KDKE KF KG KH KI KJ Ks Kt KuKuK KuL ...
KvKvA KvAvKvB KvC KvD KvE KvF KvG KvH KvI KvJ Kvs Kvt KuvKuvK KuvL...
9.2f zw I kxl k
Awf avbhk A_Ì qvnq, mwUev UvBc evgvUvni d gyw`Z_vK| GwUKkxl k ej |
hgb:
AFYx[Awi wb]weY FYgy ; FYk~b| {m. A+FY+Bb(Bwb); m. Ab&Yx}
GLvbAFYxkwUnQkxl k|
Awf avbkxl ki A_, evLvI eenvi hf veweaZ_vK ZvK ej vnqf zw | kxl kj vhvZ
mnR LuyR cvI qvhvq, mRbAwf avbkj vK eYvbywgef vemvRvbv_vK| evsj vGKvWgx
hAwf avbeenvi wb`wkKvcYqbKi QZvGi Kg:
|<- <<< |--|n<
G Awfavb ki DPviY, A_, c` cwiPq, A_vi, cqvM, eyrcw cfwZ wKfve wb`k Kiv
nqQ wbgwjwLZ wb`wkKvq Zv cwizU Kivi Pv Kiv njv:
Kg-Abkxj b
1. Zvgvi nvZi KvQh Awf avb AvQmwU`L wKsKZeweg~p, `Dwj qv, i Kgvwi I
mi tkxl ki A_, evLvI eenvi j L|
2. wnmve, wnm&mv, AvQvo, AvQv`K, LvwK, LuvwU, Wcvi , Wvk, Drcv`b, DZi vB, wPi ywb, wPi vqy,
mvg, mvgvb, dj R, dj vi , Bz, Bu`yi , cmvab, ckvLv kj vK Awf avbi gZv
eYbvbywgKf vemvRvI |
Awf avb 73
weK kxhk
c` cwiPq
LZ, Z [LZ] we gvV; Pvli Rwg; kmvrcv`bi
gvV (Pvq Zviv, dmji LZ, `xwN I Lvgvi-
we`)|~Lvjv,~Lvgvi we Avevw` Rwg; Pvwli
Kg (GK Mjvm PvDj- cvwb LvBqv LZ-
Lvjv `wLZ evwni nBqv Imgvb miKvii AbK
w`bi AfvmAvgAv)| LZvwj, LwZ, wZ
we 1 Pvl-Avev` (...wewea Z wZ kvfq
èv)|2 Z KlYi ev PvlAvevì KvR|{m.
>cv. L>LZ}
Dcfzw
cqvMevK
kxlk
DPviY
Aewk [AevwkkUv] weY 1 evwK| 2D| 3
AwZwi| {m. Ae+ wkh&+Z()}
mvaviY A_
[Zi] weY 1 wefvi; wbgM; Pzi (GB kivei
wcqvjv w`q Zi Kwi w`j&----bB)|2 Rjwm; wfR
hvIqv (wfR Zi nq hvIqv)| {dv. Zi& }
[Zi] we wej^; `wi; Acv (Zi mnbvK
GKwU wZj---- AvgvKv; Zi mq bv ei, w`qB weqv
Ki----Qov)| {m. Ziv>}
Ziv [Ziv], weY cKvii; aiYi; kwYi
(KgbZi jvK)| Ziv--eZiv weY wewfb;
cKvii; bvbv aiYi; niK iKg (Avjvi wbkb
SzjQ-PKv j^v PIov miy ZiveZiv
AVv)| e~ weY Lvivc aibi; Lvivc; `y
eqvo| {Av. Zin }
Awfb evbvbi
GKvwaK fzw
Zi
1
Zi
2
Zi
2
eyrcw
<-
welq wb`k
evKiY wb`k
[civc`] we 1 k vb; cig ev mek c`|
2 gv| 3 (ev.) mgvm mgmgvb c``yUvi ga
ciiwU ev wZxqwU (kabGLvb ab wZxq
c`)|{m. ci+c`; 6Zr }
[evbvbv] w 1 Zwi Kiv; Mov; cyZ Kiv
(evwo evbvbv kl nqQ)| 2 ivuav ( iwU evbvbv;
Kvgv evbvbv)| 3 iuvaevi Rb Kvbv wKQz KvUv
(gvsm evbvbv, ZiKvwi evbvbv)| 4 Kvbv wKQzi
m Zzj vb Kiv (fov evbvbv)| 5 wKQzZ
cwiYZ Kiv (evKv evbvbv)| weY Kwg; wg_v|
{Zzj. wn.ebvbv; wqvi icevbvB, evbvI, evbvb,
evbve, evwbqv BZvw`; AmgvwcKvi icevwbq
evbvZ BZvw`}
<--
wqvi ic
K
[Iwab] weY 1 Avq; ekxfZ (Avvi Aaxb)|
2 AMZ; Afz (kvmbi Aaxb)| 3 AbyMZ;
eva (Aaxb Rb)| we 1 Aaxb ew (Aaxbi
webxZ wbe`b)| 2 wbqY; Zveavb (Zvui Aaxb
Avwg KvR Kwb)| AaxbZv we AvvbyewZZv;
civaxbZv| Aaxbv, Awabx, Awabx weY AvwkZv;
ekxf~Zv; AbyMZv (Zzwg be Rjai G Ze Awabx
g, ZvBZv Kuv`vq wbwkw`bB G AaxbxbB)|
{ m. Awa + Bb(L) }
<|-
A_vi msLv
c`vi msKZ
cZq
Drm- fvlv wb`k
K
`wR ìwR
è
wb` = wb`v
AwfbZv wb`kK
`kgcwi Q`
kv_
10. kv_
10.1 GKBk wewf bA_cqvMKi evKi Pbv
10.2 mgv_Kki cqvMevKi Pbv
10.3 weci xZv_Kk cqvMevKi Pbv
10.4 evMavi v
10. kv_
A_c~Yki vi vgvbyl cvi wi Kf vei Av`vb- c`vbKi | Avi A_nQki cvY|
f vl vi f ve(evK, evKvsk, i ~c, k, evMavi vBZvw`) hLbBw`q(cavbZPvL, Kvb) MnYKi Ges
Zvi Dci hgvbwmKavi YvRbvq, ZLbZvKkv_ej |
bvbvKvi Yki A_i cwi eZbNU| wbPki A_cwi eZbi wKQzbgybvZzj ai vnj v|
10.1 GKBk wewf bA_cqvMKi evKi Pbv
evsj vf vl vqKZj vk wf bA_eeZ nq| wekl , wekl YI wqvRvZxqGBc`j vevK
eeZnqwekl wekl Zvrchc~YA_cKvk Ki | Gj vGKw`K hgbGKwUki wf bwf bA_
cKvk Ki , Aci w`KZgwbevKi m`hmvabKi _vK| hgb:
1. K_v
Dw : i ex`bv_i K_v, gwi ZPvwnbvAvwgmyì f zeb|
ZK : GBevcvi c-wec AbKK_vnqQ|
cwZkywZ : ZvgvKAvwgK_vw`j vg|
c ve : Zvgvi K_vqAvwgi vwR|
wZi vi : covbvci vqmvi i KvQK_v bZnj v|
cmg: K_vqK_vqZvgvi bvgwUGmMj |
2. Kvb
keYA: bvf vKvb`yj ci Q|
ewai : j vKwUKvbkvbbv|
KYMvPi : K_vUveovmvnei KvbcuQQ|
gbvhvM: Avgvi K_vqKvb`vI |
cKvk : K_vUvcuvPKvbKi vbv|
wbj : mvbi gZv`yKvbKvUvj vKAvi `wLwb|
3. KuvPv
AcK : AvgwUKuvPvnj I ek wgw|
Awm : KuvPv`yamevi nRgnqbv|
Ac~Y : Avgvi KuvPvNygwUf vOvj Kb?
A` : KuvPvj vKw`qevwo evwbqvbv|
A : KuvPvKvVAvbRj bv|
Acwi YZ : GBk KvRi RbQj wUe KuvPv|
`yej : Qj wUAKuvPv|
4. KvUv
Z : KvUvNvqAvi bybi wQUvwÌ bv|
b : cvKvqKvUveBj vAvi covi gZvbB|
Pzwi : ci i MuvUKvUvI i ^f ve|
Qvej : mvc KvUvj vKwUKmevB`LZGmQ|
Q`cZb : Zvj KvUvMvb bZf vj vj vMbvwK?
5. LvI qv
f vRb : Avgvi LvI qvnqQ|
Nyl : gwbi mvneKmevBUvKvLvI qvAwdmvi wnmeBPb|
evav : KvRi i yZBavvLvI qvf vj vj Ybq|
w`we : gv_vLvI , GLbhI bv|
wZi vi : wkKi KvQagKLvI qvwe_yi wbZw`bi Af vm|
gvwbqPj v: msmvi mevi mv_ Lvc LvBqPj Znq|
kv_ 75
6. Mi g
D : GKKvc LyeMi gPv`vI |
Mx : ekvL-RMi gKvj |
DM : Zvgvi Mi ggRvRKAvwgf qcvBbv|
AnsKvi : `yb^wi UvKvi Mi gi wngi cvhbgvwUZco bv|
Pov : mi ei vnKg_vKj evRvi Mi g_vK|
kxZwbevi K: kxZKvj Mi gKvco bvnj Pj bv|
7. Mv
ki xi : i vgvbvi Mvqi i sdmv|
Mvn : Zvi KvbvK_vBAvwgMvqgvwL bv|
Cl v : ci i f vj v`Lj i vwRbvi MvRj |
cwi avb : MvqbZzbRvgv`LwQ, KewKbj ?
AvZMvcb: cywj k `L Pvi wUMv-XvKvw`j |
Af : gv vbì ì vZGLbMvmI qvnqMQ|
8. Mj v
Mxev : wPwoqvLvbvqj ^vMj vi wRi vd `LwQ|
K : Zvi myi j vMj vi Mvbf vj vhvqbv|
cxwZi f ve: I ì `yRbi ek Mj vqMj vqf ve|
AwZwebq: Mj e nqi ZbeveymvnvhPvBj b|
evSv : ci i Mj Mnnq_vKvi BQAvgvi bB|
Acgvb : j vKUvKMj vavvw`qei Ki `vI |
9. Pvj
Zzzj : Ni Pvj evo, LveKx?
Ni i Qv` : dzUvPvj w`qewi cvwbco|
AvPvi -eenvi : Zvi Pvj -Pj bgvUBf vj vbq|
gZj e : mwj gLyeMf xi Rj i gvQ, Zvi Pvj evSvKwVb|
Avoî : i wngi evBi BhZPvj , f Zi GKevi Bduvcv|
Ni -msmvi : Pvj -Pzj vi wVKbB, ZvgvKgqèK?
10. PvL
AuvwL : Avgi vPvL w`q`wL|
`w : cywj ki PvL Avmvwgi w`K|
duvwK : Pvi wUcywj ki PvL Gwoqcvwj qMj |
i vM : i wdKi PvL DVQej f xl YK AvQ|
f q`Lvbv: AvgvKPvL i vwOqj vf ne|
j v : Zvgvi PvLi Pvgov_vKj Avi Avgvi mvgbAvmZbv|
11. QvU
Kwb : i webAvgvi QvUf vB|
bxP : Zvgvi gZvQvUgbi gvbyl AvwgAvi `yUv`wLwb|
nxb : QvUKvRej wKQzbB|
webxZ : eovhw` nZPvI , QvUnI Ze|
nqKi v : RvZi K_vej KvDKQvUKi vwVKbv|
12. Qvov
ZvM : Zvi gZvmsmvi Qvovj vKAvwgAvi `wLwb|
gyw : gvmygAvRBRj _KQvovcqQ|
kxnxb : j xQvovmsmvi f vj vwKQzwPvKi vBf zj |
DPî : MvbwkLZnj QvovMj vqcwZw`bi I qvRKi Zne|
eZxZ : mZi c_ Qvovgyw bB|
13. Zvj
Zej vi evj : Zej vqZvj eRQZvMwabvwabwab|
Q`nxb : Zvj KvUvMvbf vj vj vMbv|
dj wekl : Zvj MvQGKcvqùvwoq, meMvQQvwoq, DuwKgvi AvKvk|
axi : evwo Zwi i KvRwXgvZvj Pj Q|
gvwbqPj v: mevi mv_ Zvj wgwj qPj vi gqwgwbbq|
14. Zvj v
Dvj b : evsK_KUvKvZvj vnqQ|
D vcb : K_vUvAvgvi Zvj vi K_vbv, Zzwgej |
msMn : mi Kvi h-Kvbvai bi Puv`vZvj vwbwl Ki Q|
Quov : MvQ_Kdzj Zzj vbv|
MvnKi v : mAvgvi K_vKvbBZzj j bv|
kv_ 77
15. ai v
AvUK : Pvi UvKnvZbvZai vnqQ|
k : Zvgvi nvZLvbvGKevi ai ZPvB|
f vj vj vMv: Zvi M wUAvgvi gbai Q|
wbavi Y : ZzwgwbR_KGKUv`vgai `vI |
Zvl vgy` : msmvi avgvai vj vKi Af vebB|
hYv : gv_vUve ai Q|
16. bvK
bvwmKv : wZmvbvKb_ ci Q|
k Ki v : Nygi gaAbKBbvKWvK|
wbw : ci xvkl , Gevi bvKZj w`qNygvI |
wZ : wbRi bvKKUci i hv vf Ki Zvgvi Kxj vf nj v?
AbwaKvi PPv: Avgvi evcvi bvKMj vZGmvbv|
17. bvg
cwi Pq : Zvgvi bvgKx?
LvwZ : wKULj i vRbek bvgKi Q|
LvwZgvb : wZwbGKRbbvgKi vDwKj |
i Y : memgqmwKZvi bvgbe|
^ g~j : bvggv `vgevwowUwew nqMj |
Dj L : GKUvb`xi bvgej |
18. cvKv
cwi cK : AvgwUcvKv|
AKvj cK : Qj wUi eqmA , wKy K_vqcvKv|
wbcyY : wgbvBsi wRZcvKv|
` : cvKvwgw w`qevwo evwbqwQ|
vqx : KvcowUi i scvKv|
cyi vcywi : cvKvPwj k w`bzj QzwU|
19. eo
AMR : i vgAvgvi eo f vB|
`xN : cvevsj v`ki eo b`x|
abx : j vKgvbmvneeo j vK|
AZ : eo wec` co Zvgvi KvQGmwQ|
DbwZKi v: eo nI wbRi Pvq|
AvZxq : evwoZeo KzUzgGmQ|
20. eyK
e : evevi eyKnVvr e_vDVQ|
mvnm : Zvgvi `LwQLyeeyKi cvUv!
Me : Zvgvi KwZZAvgvì eyKdzj DVQ|
kvw : Gwmi evZvmeyKUvRywoqMj |
nZvk : wi Zvdj Ki Q bZvi evevi eyKUvhbf OMj |
f xl YK : ezi gZzi Lei Avgvi eyKdUKvbvAvmwQj |
21. f vj v
Kzkj : f vj vAvQZv?
gj : Cki mevi f vj vKi yb|
mr : Payi xmvneLyef vj vj vK|
myì : gqwUi Pnvi vGZf vj vhKxej e!
wnZevK : f vj vK_v bj Zvgvi Bgj |
myLei : Zvgvi RbGKUvf vj vLei AvQ|
22. g`
Lvi vc : g` j vKi mv_ wgkZbB|
Amr : g` KvRi cwi Yvgf vj vnqbv|
A f : j vKwUg`f vMwbqBRbQ|
axi axi : RvnvRwUg` g` GQ|
`vgKgv : kqvi evRvi GLbg`v|
23. gv_v
g K : Zvi gv_vqAbKPzj |
cavb : wZwbGMuvqi gv_v|
cYvg : I Avgvi `ki gvwU, Zvgvi ci VKvBgv_v|
mshvMj : i v vi Pgv_vqAvgvì evwo|
cwi kg : kwgKi vgv_vi Nvgcvqdj i vRMvi Ki |
eySZcvi v : AwUAvgvi gv_vqXzKQbv|
kv_ 79
24. gyL
ki xi i A: Zvgvi gyLUvf xl Ymyì |
K_v : gyL gayA i wel |
mshZ : gyL mvgj K_vej v|
gZv : hZeo gyL bq, ZZeo K_v|
cekc_ : Mwj i gyLBAvgvì evwo|
mvnm : gyL dzUK_vUvej dj |
25. gvwU
ayj v/ Kv`v : Qj wUgvwUZMovMwo w`qKuv`Q|
kv / mi j : i wdKmvneGKRbgvwUi gvbyl |
evKvwg : kqvi i eemvqbgGKevi gvwULqwQ|
Kei : ZvKKv_vqgvwUÌ qvneAvwgRvwbbv|
b : cov bvbvKi RxebUvgvwUKi vbv|
bvQvoev`v : mi Kvwi KvRcZnj gvwUKvgo co _vKZnq|
26. i vLv
vcb : eBj vRvqMvgZvi vLv|
MwQZ : UvKvj vevsKi L Gmv|
Avkq : AvgvKZvgvi cvqi vLvcf z|
bvgKi Y : bvgi LwQebj Zv|
mvb : Qj wUevevi bvgi LQ|
dj Avmv : UvKvi _wj wUi L GmwQ|
27. j vMv
k : Zvgvi ki xi wKAvgvi nvZj MQ|
_vgv : bKvwUNvUj MQ|
wbhy : mygbPvKwi Zj MQ|
i y : m~hMnYj vMvi mgqnqGmQ|
k yZv : Kvi vwcQbj vMvwVKbv|
28. j vj
i s : j vj RvgvZZvgvKek gvwbqQ|
Rj Lvbv : gZvwbKi j j vj `vj vbcvwVqè|
e nI qv: Amr ezi cvj vqco Zvi eemvqj vj evwZRj Q|
va : AvgvKj vj PvL `wLI bv, Avwgf qcvBbv|
cy : Avvj vj Zwi LybwKqvLywbqv|
29. j vK
gvbyl : i wngmvnef vj vj vK|
Rbmvavi Y: Lvi vc KvRKi j j vKwb`v bZnq|
gZz : RwmgmvneMZKvj ci j vKMgbKi Qb|
gRyi : j vKw`qKvRKi vj bRi i vLZnq|
M : wk i vj vK-Kvwnwb bZf vj vevm|
30. mvi v
mgM/ me: mvi vMvgRyo nPco MQ|
AvKzj : wk wUgvKLuyRbvcqKu` mvi vnj v|
gi vgZ : bKvi dzUvmvi vnqQ|
mgv : hvK&, GZYKvRwUmvi vnqQ|
nqi vb/ Kv : i `Nyi Nyi mvi vnqwQ|
10.2 mgv_Kki cqvMevKi Pbv
evsj vf vl vi kf vvi GgbKZKj vk AvQhj vGKBA_enbKi | Gi Kgmg-A_vcK
wf bkKmgv_Kk, mgv_k, weK k evcwZk ej |
GKBA_en ki ga ewP _vK| AvKwZ, ebvI Mvxhi w`K _K Gme ki cv_K
_vK| mgv_Kk Rvbv_vKj j Lvi evej vi mgqGKBk evi evi eenvi Ki Z nqbv| dj
e vi evj LKi gbi f veAbKmyì I AvKl Yxqf vecKvwkZnq|
wbPmgv_Kk evcwZki KwZcq`v evKcqvMKi `Lvbvnj v:
kv_ 81
1. AwM: Ni Avbj MAwM` nqwZbRbgvi vMQ|
Abj : myLi j vwMqvGNi euvwabyAbj cywoqvMj |
AvMyb : Avbi ci kgwYQuvqvI cvY|
ew : RvMvbvi xRvMvewwkLv|
mef yK: `LZ`LZwbgZwj ekvbi i Dì Pj Mj |
2. Ak : AkLyi ayj vDwoqAkvi vnxQzUPj Mj |
NvUK : RMvavcvi NvUKZvi gZvB`yej Avi nvo wRi wRi |
Nvov : NvovqPwoqvg`nuvwUqvPwj j |
Zzi : `yi MwZZZzi QzUPj Q|
evwR : bevei Av`k evwRcvj evwRwbqnvwRi nj v|
3. AbygwZ: Avgvi Ni XzKZZvgvKAbygwZwbZnebv|
Avv : AvmZAvvnvK|
Av`k : Av`k Ki bhvnvgvi i yRb, AvwghbmBKvRKwi f vj vgb|
wb`k : zj i eZbcwi kvaKi vi RbcavbwkKQv ì wb`k w`j b|
Kzg : gvwRUi Kzgcywj k AvmvwgKKvVMovqDVvj |
4. AvKvk : AvKvk AvRgNbB|
Avmgvb: bxj wmqvAvmgvbj vj j vj `ywbqv|
MMb : MMbMi RgNNbei l v|
`yj vK: f ~j vK`yj vKMvj Kf w`qvLv`vi AvmbAvi kQw`qv, DwVqvwQwPi -
weqAvwgwekweavZi |
bf : n_vkvgj `~ev`j , bebxj bf j |
5. AvKvv: gvbyl i AvKvvi kl bB|
BQv : BQv_vKj Dcvqnq|
Kvgbv: evsj v`ki Kj vYKvgbvKwi |
evv : Cki Zvgvi gbvevvc~i YKi yb|
mva : Avgvi mvabvwgwUj , Avkvbvcywi j mKj Bdzi vqhvqgv|
6. Dg : DgwbwZPj Aagi mv_|
Dcv`q: ew`bGgbDcv`qLvevi LvBwb|
ei Y : kvgmyi i vngvbGKRb`kei YKwe|
f vj v : eKzj Lyef vj vQj |
k : i ex`bv_i kKveM KvbwUZvej vKwVb|
7. Kzj : ei yYi wZbKzj KDbB|
Mv : Zvgvi Mv cwi Pq`vI |
RvZ : mej vKKqj vj bKxRvZmsmvi |
RvwZ : RMr RywoqvAvQGKRvwZ, mRvwZi bvggvbyl RvwZ|
eY : gvbyl gvbyl eYf ` _vKvf vj vbv|
8. Avj q : wkvi Rbwe`vj qhZnq|
Mn : MnnxbMnw`j Avwg_vwKNi |
Ni : Avgvi GNi f vwOqvQhev, AvwgZvi Ni euvwa|
avg : Gai vavgQo GKw`bmKj KBPj hZne|
evwo : Avgvi evwo hI gi emZèwcuo|
9. P` : AvRP`MnYne|
Puv` : c~wYgvi Puv` hbSj mvbvi ywU|
kkv: kkvKj i LvKw`qQGuK?
kkai : kkai i c~YAvj vqcw_exSj gj Ki Q|
kkx : GKj vkkxRvwMj AvKvk evZvqbLyj w`qv|
10. Rj : Rj co cvZvbo|
cqt : Gkni i cqtwbvkbeevf vj vbq|
cvwb : we cvwbi Aci bvgRxeb|
evwi : el vi evwi avi vqcw_exmRxenqDVQ|
mwj j : So j WyehvI qvqAbKj vKi mwj j -mgvwanj v|
11. A_: RMZA_BmKj Ab_i g~j |
Kwo : cvi NvUZGm`wL cvi i Kwo bvB|
UvKv : UvKvnj evNi `yaI gj |
`j Z : `j ZcvwbZdj bwKKi |
ab : abi gvbyl eo bq, gbi gvbyl eo|
12. MvO : gi vMvOevbGmQ|
ZwUbx: ZwUbxi Zi f vmvj vgGevi f j v|
Zi wYx: Ni euawQkwi bvgKZi wYxi Zxi |
b`x : Avgvì QvUb`xPj euvKeuvK|
cevwnYx: cevwnYxQzUPj mvMi i cvb|
kv_ 83
13. Rb : RbMYmKj gZvi Drm|
bi : bi -evbi i hy i veYwbnZnq|
gvbe : wevbxi vgvbeRvwZi Kj vYwbi j mMel YvKi Pj Qb|
gvbyl : gvbyl mwi mi vRxe|
j vK : j vKej ej i Ni -evwo f vj vbvAvgvi |
14. ceZ : ceZgvj vAvKvki cvbPvwnqvbvKnK_v|
wMwi : `yMg-wMwi Kvvi gi y`y i cvi vevi |
cvnvo : AvKvk nj vbw`qcvnvo NygvqI B|
f ~ai : AvQAbj -Awbj , wPi -bf bxj f ~ai mwj j Mnb|
kj : kj kZzl vi XvKvcoQ|
15. cvwL : cvwLmeKi i e, i vwZcvnvBj |
LM : gq~i -gq~i xmvi x- KAvw` LM|
LPi : LPi Pj QDo bFZKvY|
cwL : DBovhvqi nsmcwL, cBovi qi Qvqv|
wen: hvevi mgqnj vweni |
16. cw_ex: cw_exi cvqcuwPk KvwUj vKevsj vf vl vqK_vej |
RMr : GBRMZAvgvi Avcbej ZKDbB|
ai v : ki Zai vZj wkwki Sj gj |
emyi v: ababcyf i v, Avgvì GBemyi v|
wek : wekRvovcvVkvj vgvi mevi AvwgQv |
f zeb : gwi ZPvwnbvAvwgmyì f zeb|
17. dzj : mevBdzj cQ` Ki |
Kzmyg : KvbbKzmyg-Kwj mKj BdzwUj |
cy : cyAvcbvi RbdvUbv|
cm~b : gwi gwi ! GKxcm~bkvf vqmRQAvgvi Mn!
18: eb : ebi vebmyì |
AUwe : AUweevqyek DwVZmDQwm|
Ai Y : `vI wdi mAi Y, j I GbMi |
Rj : Rj evN_vK|
ebvbx: ki r `ycyi Nbebvbxi gaNyNyi WvK wbqvQ|
19. evZvm: SovevZvmmej f Ki w`j |
ceb : cebeMmMvwo Pvwj qw`j |
evq : `wLbvevqgvwMQwe`vqkvj exw_Kvi KvQ|
evqy : Wv vi ZvKevqycwi eZbKi Zej Qb|
mgxi : Mvi Zxi wm mgxi RxebRyovj Zzwg|
20. we`yr : we`yr Qvovgvbyl i `bw`bRxebGLbAK bxq|
Ycf v: wYKi Ycf vqZvKGKSj K`Lj vg|
Zwor : j vKwUZwoZvnZnqgvi vMj |
weRwj : weRwj evwZZcyi vkni UvhbPgKvQ|
weRywi : weRywi Sj mhbgb|
21. i vZ : w`bi vZcwi kgKi Pj wQ, myLi bvMvj cvBbv|
wbwk : wbwk f vi nqQ, Gevi AuvwL Lvj |
wbkx_ : wbkx_ hvBI dzj eb|
wbkxw_bx: gayi nj vweayi nj vgvaexwbkxw_bx|
hvwgbx: KbhvwgbxbvhZRvMvj bv|
22. i vRv : GK`k wQj GKi vRv|
AwacwZ: evei wQj bf vi Zi c_ggyNj AwacwZ|
bcwZ : Avj KRvvi i gZvexi bcwZwekwei j |
f ~cwZ : f ~cwZK`L gweMDVùvovj b|
mgvU : mgvUAkvKwQj bRMwLvZexi |
23. mvMi : GKmvMi i i wewbgqAwRZnqQAvgvì ^vaxbZv|
Rj wa : Dvj Rj wae Kvi y`Zi xLvwbwbweNPj Qcvi ?
cv_vi : AK~j cv_vi Avwgf vwmqwQAvgvi Zi x|
mgy` : mvZmgy`Zi b`xi cvi AvQGKi ~cK_vi `k|
wmz : I Bgnvwmzi I cvi _KKxmsMxZf mAvm!
24. myì : Avgvì `kwULyemyì |
gbvi g: gbvi gai Yxi Zzj bvnqbv|
gbvni : Zvi gbvni Pnvi v`L mevBgy nq|
i gYxq: evn! Kxi gYxqvb!
kvf b: Zvi cvkvK-AvkvKPvj -Pj bek kvf b|
kv_ 85
25. mvbv: mvbvAZ g~j evbavZz|
KbK : KbKKwl ZKvw KgbxqKvq|
Kvb : i bKvbAvi gvaexeKzj |
^Y : ^Yi `vgAvKvkPz^x|
wni Y : wni YRwi i I obvMvq|
26. m~h: c~ew`M m~hDVQi j vj |
Ai yY : Ai yYwKi Y`qgaMMb|
wèvKi : gNgNXKMQwèvKi |
f vby : f vbyi KcvqkxZi cKvc _KDj Qj wUi vcj |
i we : i wei wKi Yj MKi wSwKwgwK|
27. mc: mcnq`skbKi v, I SvnqSvov|
Awn : Awn-bKzj i hy j MQ|
Avkxwel : wKhvZbvwel eywSemwKm, Kf zAvkxwel `skwbhvi |
bvM : mev`swkj gvi bvMbvMevj v|
dYx : cev` AvQ dYxi gv_vqgwY_vK|
mvc : evci evc! Kveovmvc!
28. gv_v : Zvi gv_vqAbKPzj |
g K : gw AvQej Bg Ki `vg|
gyy : K_vqK_vqmKbZvgvi gyzcvZKi ?
gyov : eyoveqmZvi gvQi gyovLvevi mvanqQ|
wki : wki bnvwi Avgvwi bZwki I BwkLi wngvwì |
29. PvL : Zvgvi PvL `ywULyemyì |
AuvwL : Zvgvi AuvwLi gZvAvKvki `ywUZvi v|
Pz : Pz_vKZAi gZvPj vKb?
bqb : bqbf i vRj MvZvgvi AuvPj f i vdzj |
b : Zvi b _KUcUc Ki AkycoZj vMj |
30. Kvb : KvbUvbj gv_vAvm|
KY : Zvi K_vqKYcvZKi vbv|
kywZ : Zvgvi K_vevevi KYMvPi nqwb|
kywZc_: wPrKvi Ki ej vbqZvZvi kywZc_ XzKebv|
10.3 weci xZv_Kk cqvMevKi Pbv
evsj vf vl vq Ggb KZKj vk AvQhj vci i i weci xZ A_cKvk Ki | ci i i m~Y
weci xZA_cKvkKGmekKweci xZv_Kk ej |
f vl vi m`hmw Ges f ve-cKvki evcKZvi Rb G RvZxq k RvbvRi ywi | wbP KqKwU
weci xZv_Kki bgybvevKmnhvMZzj ai vnj v|
Aag~ Dg : ZzwgAagej BAvgvKDgnZne|
Avq~ eq : AvqeySeqKi |
DcKvi ~ AcKvi : Kvi vDcKvi Ki Zbvcvi v, AcKvi Ki vbv|
Ea~ wbg : EaMMbevRgv`j , wbgDZj vai YxZj |
KzrwmZ~ myì : Zvgi vZvi evBi i myì Pnvi vwU`LQ, f Zi i KzrwmZgbwU`Lwb|
LvwZ~ ALvwZ : mwj gi LvwZi mv_ mv_ wKQzALvwZI AvQ|
M`~ c` : AvwgM`wj wL, c`wj LZcvwi bv|
NUb~ ANUb : j LKi vANUbNUbcUxqmxcwZf vwbqRbvb|
Pj v~ _vgv : Pj ZPj Z_vgj Kb?
Rb~ gZz : RbhLbwbqwQgZzZvAeavwi Z|
UK~ wgw : eYyUKLZcQ` Ki , wgw gvUBLvqbv|
Vvv~ Mi g : Mi gMj v wKqMQ, GKUzVvvcvwbLvI qve?
Wvb~ evg : i v vqPj vi mgqevgw`Kw`qPj e, Wvbw`Kw`qbq|
XvKv~ Lvj v : Lvevi XvKvw`qbvi L Lvj vi LQKb?
Zi j ~ KwVb : Zi j cvwbRgKwVbei d cwi YZnq|
w`b~ i vZ : i vZgkvw`bgvwQ, GBwbqKj KvZvqAvwQ|
asm~ mw : Avwgmw, Avwgasm, Avwgj vKvj q, Avwgkkvb, AvwgAemvb, wbkvemvb|
wbi xn~ `y`v : ZvK`L hZUvwbi xnf veQ, I ZZUvB`y`v |
cUz~ AcUz : cKvk KvRhZAcUz, LvI qvqZZLvwbBcUz|
cKvk ~ Mvcb : mwZKLbvMvcb_vKbv, GKw`bbvGKw`bcKvk cveB|
kv_ 87
dmv~ Kvj v : dm-Kvj vqwKQzhvq-Avmbv, AvwgGKRbmr I wekvmxezPvB|
eo ~ QvU : eo hw` nZPvI , QvUnI Ze|
f Rv~ Kbv : Zvgvi f Rvgv_vUv KbvZvqvj w`qgyQbvI |
hZ~ ZZ : hZeo gyL bq, ZZeo K_v!
k~b~ c~Y : k~bi Kwi ec~Y, GBeZewnem`vB|
10.4evMavi v
f vl vqGgbwKQzk evevKvsk _vK, hvmvavi YA_i evBi wewk A_cKvk Ki _vK| GBme
k evevKvskKevMavi vevevwMwaej |
evMavi vevsj vf vl vqwewk m`| evMavi vi gvag e vi gbi Mf xi f veK A K_vqmyì f ve
cKvk Ki vhvq| Gj vf vl vK kw kvj xebvgq I Zvrchc~YKi Zvj | ZvB me f vl vZB
evMavi vi wekl cqvMj Ki vhvq|
wbPevMavi vi wKQybgybvÌ qvnj v|
AAvKL : (cv_wgKvb) : Zvgvi Zv`LwQAAvKL vbbB, PvKwi Uvcj wKf ve?
AKvj Kzv : (Ac`v_) : AKvj Kzv Qj Kw`qKvbvKvRnebv|
AvgovMvwQKi v: (Zvl vgy`) : AvRKvj AvgovMvwQbvKi j KvbvKvRnvwmj nqbv|
Bu`yi Kcvj : (g`f vM) : GZeo PvKwi cqI ai i vLZcvi j bv, Zvgvi gZvBu`yi Kcvj
Avi KAvQ!
DRvbi KB : (mnRj f ) : gvevBj dvbGLbDRvbi KBqi gZv, hLvbmLvbcvI qvhvq|
Kvcyo evey : (evwnKmf ) : AvRKvj mwZKvi A_f `j vKbB, mevBKvcyo evey|
wLPzwo cvKvbv: (RwUj Ki v) : hvej emnRKi ej , Ah_vwLPzwo cvwKqvbv|
Mi Reo evj vB: (cqvRbi yZ) : ci xvNvoi I ci , ZvBeBwKbZne, Mi Reo evj vB|
Ni _vKZeveyBwf Rv: (myhvM_vKZK) : evevi AMvaUvKv, A_PZzwgwKbvwUDkwbKi Pj v,
Ni _vKZeveyBf RvKb?
PvL muvZvi cvwb: (AwZwi gvqvKvbv) : evOi kvKmvci PvL `wL muvZvi cvwb|
QuovPzj Luvcveuvav: (e_vPv) : evevi mvgvbAvqmsmvi BPj bv, mLvbAvgvi cvBf Ucovi
kL QuovPzj Luvcveuvavi gZvBnvmKi |
SuvKi K : (`j f z ) : i vRbxwZZcwZx, wKy ^v_i ej vqmeGKBSuvKi KB|
UvKvi Mi g : (A_i AnsKvi ) : UvKvi Mi ggvnbi cvgvwUZco bv|
Zvgvi wel : (A_i Kz-cf ve) : gavexQj KZvgvi wel ai vqmGevi ci xvqdj Ki Q|
Zzj mxebi evN : (f ) : i wbw`bhevwoZKvRKi , i vZmBevwoZBPzwi Ki Zhvq; I
nQZzj mxebi evN|
`ya- f vZ_vKv: ( myL _vKv) : Avgvi mvbhb_vK`ya- f vZ|
bvwoi Uvb : (Mf xi ggZeva) : we`k wMqI AbK`ki cwZbvwoi UvbAbyf eKi b|
cvj i Mv`v : (`j cwZ) : cvj i Mv`vai vcoQ, Gevi evwKi vI ai vcoe|
cUcUeyw : (`yzeyw) : gqwUi cUcUGZeyw RvbZvgbvZv!
evOi Avaywj : (mvgvbA_) : evOi Avaywj m^j Ki eemvKi vhvqbv|
wf UvqNyNyPi vbv: (me^v) : Zvgvi wf UvqNyNyPwi qQvoe|
gvQi gvqi cy kvK: (wg_vkvK) : Mwi ei Rbeoj vKi ì ÙvgvQi gvqi cy kvKi gZvB|
wkei vw i mj Z : (GKgv mvb) : ARybZvi evev- gvqi wkei vw i mj Z, ZvBmevBZvKme
mgqPvL PvL i vL|
mvbvi cv_i evwU: (Amee ) : mvci cv`LvAvi mvbvi cv_i evwUZmyc LvI qv `yUvB
Avgvi KvQAvl vpM i gZv|
n-h-e-i -j : (wekLj ) : evevi gZzZMvQvbvmsmvi UvKgbhbn-h-e-i -j nqMj |
kv_ 89
Kg- Abykxj b
1. evRvi Avbj MQ| SovevZvmeBQ| cvwbw`Z ne| `gKj -evwnbxi j vKRbGmQ|
Avbj Kj wKqAvKvki w`KDVQ| Dj AvbAyZf vemewKQzcyoQ|
Dci i AbyQÙzKzf vj vKi co| AbyQ` hme ki mgv_K k Zvgvi RvbvAvQ
mj vi mgv_Kk j L Ges`ywUKi evKevbvI |
2. gvbyl - Gi gv_v_KBmewb`k Avm| PvL `L, KvbkvbAvi VuvUbo bo K_vej |
meBQv-AwbQv, `ytL I Avb`-Gi evZvAvmgv_v_K|
AbyQ`wUZgvUv`vMi hmek AvQ, mj vi cwZk wj L gbi gZvevKZwi Ki |
3. gNgy i vZi AvKvk| kxZj evZvmdzj i myM| wbgj cwe Gi vZ ayBwgj bi | cmbwP
ZvBhbDbyL nqKweZvi wgj LuyRdi |
Dci i AbyQì gvUv`vMi kj vi A_mnweci xZv_Kk j L|
4. ZzwgwbRGi KgGKwUAbyQ` i PbvKi GesmLvb_K GKwUev`ywUk eQwbqmwUi
wewf bA_cqvM`wLqevKZwi Ki |
..............
wbwgwZ
1. Abyavebkw
1.1 Abyavebkw ci xv
2. mvi vsk I mvi gg
3. f vemcmvi Y
4. c i Pbv: ew MZc , Ave`bc , wbgYc
5. ce i Pbv
1. Abyavebkw
wj wLZ h Kvbvwel q KvbvbvKvbvgvbyl cvVKi _vK wKy h AskUzKz co Zvi g~j f ve
mwVKf veDcj w Ki Z cvi ZvK ej vnqZvi Abyaveb`Zv| GKwUcvVwKQzk _vK, wKQz
bZzb wel q_vKZ cvi hvi A_evavi YvRvbvbv_vKj cvVwUi c~Yavi Yvj vf mnR nqbv| ZvB
GKwUcvVm~Yi ~c eySZ nj cvVmswk wKQzwel qI RvbZ GeseySZ nq| Avevi ZvKej
gyL Ki j mwUewkw`bgbbvI _vKZcvi | mBRvbvvbAbKvbvcvVi mv_ evvbi
mv_ gj vZcvi vi gZvI _vKZnq| Gf veBAbyaveb`Zvcwi c~Yf veAwRZnq|
Abyavebkw ci xv:
`b, cZxwZ, cv, wngj , eY, cvw kxZi QywUZ RMrcwZ eovZ wMqQ| I i vmevB
Gj vKvwUNyi Nyi `Lj | I LvbGKwUcv_wgK we`vj q, GKwUDPwe`vj qI GKwUevRvi AvQ|
Gj vKvi AwaKvsk gvbyl BwkwZ| Kwl Rxex, PvKwi Rxex, eemvqxmnbvbvckvi gvbyl mLvbemevm
Ki | ekwKQzj vK RxweKvi ZvwM` gacvPI BDi vcmnbvbv`k PvKwi wbq MQ| Gj vKvi
RbMYgvUvgywUmQj | e`wkK A_j b- `bi RbI LvbekwKQzevsK cwZwZnqQ| Kvbv
KvbvevwoZdzj i evMvbi qQ| RMrcwevsj v`ki GKwUAv`kMvgxYGj vKv|
KgAbykxj b:
1. cZxwZki A_Kx?
2. Kwl RxexKvi v?
3. `bki wZbwUcwZk w`qevKZwi Ki |
4. Zvgvi Gj vKvi mRMrcwi mv`kI ekv`kj vj L|
2. mvi vsk I mvi gg
mvi vsk
2.1 Kv_v_K GmQAvgvì evsj vf vl v? f vl vwK Rbbqgvbyl i gZv? evhgb exR
_K MvQRbZgbf veRbbqf vl v? bv, f vl vgvbyl evZi yi gZvRbbqbv| evsj v
f vl vI gvbyl evZi yi gZvRbbqwb, KvbvKw Z^M_KI Avmwb| GLbAvgi vh
evsj vf vl vewj GK nvRvi eQi AvMZvwVK GgbwQj bv| m-f vl vqG-`ki gvbyl K_v
ej Z, MvbMvBZ, KweZvevbvZ| gvbyl i gyL gyL e`j hvqf vl vi awb| i ~c e`j hvq
ki , e`j NUA_i | AbKw`b KUMj gb nq f vl vwUGKwUbZzb f vl vnq
DVQ| Avi m-f vl vi e`j NUBRbnqQevsj vf vl vi |
mvi vsk : f vl vi agBnQe`j hvI qv| gvbyl i gyL gyL e`j hvqf vl vi awb| ki I e`j NU
Gesmmki A_i I | nvRvi eQi i cwi eZbi avi vevwnKZvq Ggwb f veBAvgvì evsj v
f vl vi RbnqQ|
2.2 Avb` cKvk Rxebxkw i cej Zvi B cKvk| Avb`K Avgi veywS i ~c-i m-k-k-M
BZvwì mvnvh, Bw`qmKj i mvnvh| gvbyl hLbAvb` cvqZLbmZvi gbK cKvk
Ki ZPvqbvbvi ~c| ZvBmw nj vwP wk x, bZwk x, msMxZwk x, Kwe, mvwnwZK|
cyi vKvj i nvgvbyl _K i yKi eZgvbhyMch gvbyl wbRi cvI qvAvb`K myì K
Abgvbyl i gawe vi Ki ZPqQ| ZvBmw nqQbvbvbAvwKi wk Kj v|
mvi vsk : gvbyl i Rxebxkw i cKvk NUAvb`| Zvi mg Bw`qw`qAvb`K mDcj w Ki |
mB Avb`vbyf ~wZ mevi KvQRvbvZ Pvq| ZvB Qwe, Mvb, KweZv, bvP, f vhBZvw` wk Kj vi
gvaggvbyl Zvi Avb`KcKvk Ki | GBAvb` I myì evagvbyl i gbKZ Ki |
2.3 evOvwj hw`bHKe nqej Zcvi eevOvwj i evsj vmw`bZvi vAmvamvabKi e|
evOvwj i gZvvb-kw I cg-kw (eb mUvi I nvUmUvi ) Gwkqvq Kb, eywS
cw_exZ KvbvRvwZi bB| wKy Kg-kw GKevi bB ej B Zvì GB wèkw
ZgmvQbnq AvQ| Zvì Kg-wegyLZv, RoZv, gZzf q, Avj m, Z`v, wb`v, eemv-
evwYRAwbQvi Kvi Y| Zvi vZvgwmKZvqAvQbnqPZbv-kw K nvwi qdj Q| GB
Zgt, GBwZwgi , GBRoZvBAwe`v| Awe`vKej AKvi c_ vwi c_ wbqhvq;
wèkw Kwb R, gZcvqKi i vL|
wbwgwZ 93
mvi vsk : evOvwj cg-kw I vb-kw Zcw_exLvZ| wKy Avj mZvì `yej Ki i LQ| Aj mZv
Avi KvRi cwZAbxnvi RbZvi vRMZi mewKQz_K wcwQqAvQ| GBAvj mI Kg- wegyLZvK
DcvKi evOvwj KRMDVZne| ZeBGBevsj vcKZA_evOvwj i ne|
2.4 GKRbgvbyl f vj vwK g` Avgi vZveySZcvwi Zvi eenvi w`q| mf `wK Af `ZvI
eySZ cvwi Zvi eenvi w`q| eenvi f vj vnj j vK ZvK f vj vej | ZvK cQ`
Ki | eenvi Lvi vc nj j vK ZvK Lvi vc ej | ZvK AcQ` Ki | Zvi mwgkZ
Pvqbv| Zvi mKvRKi ZPvqbv| ZvKKvQ WvKZPvqbv| Zvgvi eenvi w`qB
Zvgvi gbyl Zi cwi Pq|
mvi vsk : myì eenvi i gaBgbyl Zi cwi PqwbwnZ| gvbyl i K_vevZv, gbvf veI Avè-Kvq`vi
gaw`qBmyì eenvi i cKvk NU| f vj veenvi w`qmnRBAci i f vj vevmvcvI qvhvq|
myì ^f vei gaBgvbyl i m`hdzUI V|
2.5 m~hi Avj vZ i vZi AKvi KUhvq| wkvi Avj vAvgvì AvbZvi AKvi `~i
Ki | Avgvì `wZPvi cvki RMr Avi vmyì nqI V| Avgi vRxebi bZzbA_LuyR
cvB; wkvi Avj vcq Avgvì wf Zi i gvbyl wURMI V| Avgi veo nZ PvB, eo
nI qvi RbPvKwi | Avgi vmyì Ki euvPZ PvB, euvPvi gZveuvPZ PvB| Avi myì
Ki euvPZnj PvBvb| mBvbK KvRI j vMvbvPvB| wkvi dj Avgvì wf Zi
hkw j yKvbv_vKZvaxi axi RMI V| Avgi vgvbyl nqDwV|
mvi vsk : m~hi Avj vhgb AKvi `~i Ki , Zgwb wkvi Avj vgbi AKvi `~i Ki `q|
Avgvì cZKi f Zi kw j yKvbvAvQ| wkvGkw i weKvk mvnvhKi | wkvi dj Avgi v
vbI `Zvj vf Ki wbRi kw KKvRj vMvB| h_v_gvbyl nqDwV|
2.6 bgt bgt bgt myì xggRbbxef ~wg!
Mvi Zxi , wm mgxi , RxebRyovj Zzwg|
Aevwi ZgvV, MMbj j vUPzgZecà~wj
Qvqvmywbweo kvwi bxo QvUvQvUvMvgwj |
cj eNbAvgKvbbi vLvj i Lj vMn,
Z AZj w`wNKvj vRj wbkx_kxZj mn|
eyKf i vgayei ea~Rj j qhvqNi
gvewj ZcvYKi AvbPvb, PvL AvmRj f i |
mvi gg: gvI gvZf ~wg mevi KvQwcq| evsj v`k Avgvì gvZf ~wgGi AvKvk-evZvm, b`x, gvV,
cKwZ-wbmM, gvbyl meBAvgvì f vj vevmvi ab| evsj vi AvengvbAci ~c i ~c cwZwUevOvwj Bgvn-
gy|
2.7 f `gvi v, kv eov, cvl -gvbvGcvY
evZvg-AuvUvRvgvi wbPkvwZkqvb|
`Lvnj Bwg AwZ,
gyLi f vewk AwZ,
Aj m`nwK MwZ,
Mni cwZUvb
Zj -Xvj vwm Zbywb`vi mf i v
gv_vqQvUveni eo evOvwj mvb|
Bnvi PqnZvghw` Avi ee`yBb.
Pi YZj wekvj gi yw`M wej xb|
QzUQNvovDoQevwj ,
RxebmvZAvKvk Xvwj
`q- Zj ew Rvwj Pj wQwbwkw`b
ei kvnvZ, f i mvcvY,
m`vBwbi y k
gi yi So hgbenmKj evav-nxb|
mvi gg: evOvwj kvwk, Kgnxb, Avi vgwcqI Aj mRvwZ| GRxebKvi vKvgnZcvi bv| Zvi
Pqmvnmx, KgxI Pj Zv-gyLi Rxebi AwaKvi xnI qvAbKewk mvbi |
8.8 GBhweUwc-kwYnwi mvwi mvwi
wKAvhkvf vgqhvBewj nvwi !
Knevmi j mvay-`qhgb,
dj -f i bZKnYxi gZb|
Gì ^f vef vj vgvbei Pq,
BQvhvi `L `L vbP Pq|
wbwgwZ 95
hLbgvbeKzj abevbnq,
ZLbZvì wki mgybZi q|
wKy dj kvj xnj GBZi yMY,
AnsKvi DPwki bvKi KLb|
dj k~bnj m`v_vKmgybZ,
bxPcvqKvi VuvBbnAebZ|
mvi gg: MvQdj cwi c~YnqbZnq| ZvZZvi Mi e_vKj I AnsKvi _vK bv| wKy gvbyl i
A_nj BAnsKvi , A_dzwi q Mj Bgv_vwbPznq| MvQdj k~b nj I wKy gv_vmvRvKi
ùvwoq_vK| bxP^f vei gvbyl i gZvmKvi vKvQAebZnqbv|
2.9 mvgi MvbMvB
Avgvi P cyi yl - i gYxKvbvf `vf ` bvB|
weki hv- wKQygnvbmw wPi - Kj vYKi
AaKZvi Kwi qvQbvi x, AaKZvi bi |
wekhv- wKQzGj cvc- Zvc e`bvAkyevwi
AaKZvi AvwbqvQbi , AaKZvi bvi x|
RMZi hZeo eo Rqeo eo Awf hvb
gvZvf MxI ea~ì ZvMnBqvQgnxqvb|
Kvbi YKZLybw`j bi , j LvAvQBwZnvm,
KZbvi xw`j wmuw_i wmu`yi , j LvbvBZvi cvk|
KZgvZvw`j `qDcvwo KZevbw`j mev,
exi i wZ-Zi Mvqwj wLqvi LQKev?
KvbvKvj GKvnqwbKvRqxcyi yl i Zi evwi ,
ci Yvw`qvQ, kw w`qvQweRq-j xbvi x|
mvi gg: gvbemf ZvwbgvYbvi xI cyi yl i mgvbAe`vbi qQ| wKy BwZnvmcyi yl i K_vhZUv
j LvnqQ, bvi xi ZZUvnqwb| bvi xK Zvi Kg- ^xKwZ_K ewZKi vnqQ| GLbw`bGmQ
mg- AwaKvi i | bvi x- cyi yl mevBKmyì I Dj f wel Zi Rbmwwj Zf veKvRKi Zne|
2.10 nm~h! kxZi m~h!
wngkxZj my`xNi vZZvgvi cZxvq
Avgi v_vwK
hgbcZxvKi _vKKl Ki Pj PvL
avbKvUvi i vgvKi w`bwj i Rb|
nm~h, ZzwgZvRvbv,
Avgvì Mi gKvcoi KZAf ve!
mvi vi vZLoKzUvRvwj q
GKUzKi vKvco KvbXK,
KZK Avgi vkxZAvUKvB!
mKvj i GKUzKi vi v yi
GKUzKi vmvbvi PqI gbnq`vwg|
mvi gg: m~hi kw Z f ~-c MvQcvj v, Rxe-Ry I gvbyl Rxebavi YKi | cP kxZ m~hi GKUz
Dvci Rbmvi vi vZ AcvKi enxb, Avkqnxb kxZvZgvbyl | mgvRi Aenwj Z I myweav-
ewZGmegvbyl i KvQm~hi DZvmvbvi PqI `vwg|
3. f ve-mmvi Y
3.1 GRMZ, nvq, mBewk PvqAvQhvi f ~wi f ~wi
i vRvi n Ki mg KvOvj i abPzwi |
f ve-mcmvi Y : gvbyl ^f veZBhZ cvq, ZZ Pvq| Zvi PvI qvi kl bB| GRMZ hvi hZ ewk
AvQ, mZZ Avi vewk Pvq| hj vL UvKvi gvwj K, mKvwUcwZ nZ Pvq| hvi KvwUAvQ, m
nvRvi KvwUcZ Pvq| i vRvi wecyj m` AvQ| ZeyI Zvi i vRRqi cej AvKvLv| KbbvZvi
Avi vm` PvB| Avi vf vM, Avi vwej vwmZvcqvRbZvi | GBAvi vcvI qvi BQvgvbyl K Agvbyl
Ki Zvj | wbRi gvbeZvK wemRbw`q, wg_vi AvkqwbqZvi vMwi ei me^Ko bq| Zvi v
Zvì f vM-j vj mvgUvZMwi ei mvgvbm` AvZmvr Ki wbRi vdzj -duc I V| abxì GB
j vf mgvRi `xbnxb Mwi e gvbyl j vcwZwbqZ nQcZvwi Z; mnvq-m^j nxb c_i dwKi | GZ
abxì gbmvgvbZgKi yYvI nqbv|
wbwgwZ 97
3.2 Kwi Zcvwi bvKvR
m`vf q, m`vj vR
mskqmsK m`vUj
cvQj vKwKQzej |
f ve-mcmvi Y : gvbyl i Rxeb KggyLi | KvRi gvagBgvbeRxebi mdj ZvAvm| KvR Ki Z
Mj f zj nqGesf zj _K wkvMnYKi gvbyl Zvi RxebK GwMqwbqhvq| wKy Gcw_exZ
mevBKgxbq| wKQzAj m-AKgYgvbyl AvQ, hvi vmemgqAbi cQbj M_vK| Zvì KvRi
LuyZai , Abvqmgvj vPbvKi | dj AbK mgqKvbvKvRKi ZMj KDKDwavM nq|
K KxgbKi e, K Kxmgvj vPbvKi eGBmef eZvi vem_vK| hvi RbKvRGMvqbv|
ZvB hvi vmgvR Ae`vb i vLZ Pvq Zvì wavKi j Pj e bv| `p gbvej wbq j vKj vI
mgvj vPKK DcvKi Z ne| gvbyl i Kj vY gnr KvR Ki Z nj f qf xwZ msKvPK cvk
KvwUqGwMqhZne|
3.3 weki hvwKQygnvbmw wPi -Kj vYKi
AaKZvi Kwi qvQbvi x, AaKZvi bi |
f ve-mcmvi Y : gvbe-mf ZvweKvk bvi xI cyi yl i mgvb Ae`vb i qQ| bvi x-cyi yl i mwwj Z
cPvZBMo DVQAvgvì mgvR, mf ZvI mswZ| mwKZvbvi xI cyi yl K mw Ki Qb
GK Aci i cwi c~i K wnme| ZvBbvi xI cyi yl wPi Kvj i mv_K mx| GKBgy`vi GwcV-I wcV|
mwi Avw`gKvj _K bvi xcyi yl K RywMqQci Yv, kw I mvnm| Avi cyi yl exi i gZvmeKvR
ARbKi Qmvdj | AvRch wekhZAwf hvbmsNwUZnqQ, Zvi Ai vj bvi xi f ~wgKvBgyL|
mZKvi YBbvi xI cyi yl i Kvh wf bZvAvQ| ZeyI bvi xhgbcyi yl i Dci wbf i kxj , cyi yl I
Zgwb bvi xi gyLvcx| bvi xK ev` w`q cyi yl i Rxeb Am~Y, A_nxb| bvi xI cyi yl i wgj bi
gaBi qQRMZi mg Kj vY| Df qi `vbcy nqQAvgvì cw_ex|
3.4 Avgvi f vBqi i i vOvbvGKzk deyqvwi
AvwgwKf zwj Zcvwi |
f ve-mcmvi Y : cw_exi mKj `ki BRvZxqRxeb Ggb `y-GKwUw`b Avmhv^gwngvqDj |
Avgvì RvZxqRxebGgwbwZ-weRwoZgwngv-Dj GKwUw`bGKzk deyqvwi | mvi vweki evsj v
f vl xì KvQGw`bwUwPi -i Yxq| GKzk deyqvwi i BwZnvmGKw`K Avbì , Abw`K e`bvi |
cvwK vwbî -kvmKi vevOvwj i gyL _K evsj vf vl vKo wbZPqwQj 1948mvj | evsj vi gvbyl
mAbvq gb bqwb| evsj vi `vgvj Qj i vZzgyj wei vwaZvKi i vRc_ bg Avm| i vf vl v
evsj vPvB`vweZevsj vi AvKvk-evZvmcKwZKi Zvj | î vPvi xcvK-mi Kvi Av`vj b`gbi
Rb i yKi MdZvi , Ryj yg, wbhvZb| GZI evsj vi `yi Qj ì `gvZ bvci 1952 mvj i
21k deyqvwi Zvì wgwQj wbggf vewj el YKi | i wdK, kwdK, ei KZ, Revi , mvj vgi i
XvKvi i vRc_ i wZnq| evsj vcvqi vf vl vi ghv`v| Avi mgMevOvwj i PZbvqwPi i YxqI ei Yxq
_vKf vl v-kwn`ì bvg| Zuvì FYAvgi vKvbvw`bf yj ebv|
3.5 Rwbj gwi Zne Agi KKv_vKe
wPi wi Kebxi nqi Rxebb`?
f ve-mcmvi Y : gvbyl gi Ykxj | gvbyl Agi bq| GKw`b mevBKBgZzi ^v` MnY Ki Z ne|
gZzBRxebi Awbevhcwi YwZ| gZzK VKvbvi gZvKvbvgvbyl i bB| gvbeRxebb`xi Rj i
gZvcengvb| b`xi Rvqvi -f vUvi gZvgvbyl i RxebI myL-`ytL, D vb-cZb AvQ| RvMwZK
wbqgBRxeb Pj | GUvBcKwZi weavb| ZvBgZzK Ah_vf qcvevi wKQzbB| ei sGBmZK
gb wbq gvbeRxebK mv_K Ki Zzj Z ne| KgY mgvR-mf Zvq wbRi KxwZi wP i L
hZ ne| wb j Rxebi AwaKvi xgvbyl K KDgb i vL bv| wKy KZxj vKi Mi eRxebi
mxgvAwZg Ki Agi ZvNvl YvKi | gvbyl i I ki xi i gZz nq| wKy Zvi Rxebi cyYKg
cw_exZwPi i Yxqnq_vK| bki gZzI gvbyl i RxebZLbAwebki nqI V|
3.6 evsj vi BwZnvmG`ki gvbyl i i w`qi vRc_ i wZKi vi BwZnvm|
f ve-mcmvi Y : evOvwj RvwZi mePq Mi ei BwZnvmAbK i i wewbgq AwRZ ^vaxbZvi
BwZnvm| evOvwj RvwZ Kvi vAaxbZvKvbvw`b gb bqwb| Abvq I kvl Yi wei y evOvwj i
Aevb wPi Kvj B wQj eRKwVb| ZvB GLvb evi evi we`vni Avb Rj Q| J cwbewkK wewUk
kvmbi RuvZvKj cvq `ykveQi ai wbwl Z nqQGRvwZ| 1947-GmBRuvZvKj _K G
Dcgnv`ki gvbyl gyw cj I evOvwj i gyw gj wb| GebevOvwj gbI bqwb| 1952 mvj i
i Si vf vl v-Av`vj bi gaw`qevOvwj axi axi GwMqhvqgyw -msMvgi w`K| 1958I 1966
mvj cvwK vwb mvgwi K kvmK evsj vi `vgvj Qj ì I ci wj Pvj vq| wj Ki 1969-Gi MY-
Af y vbI | evi evi evOvwj i eyKi i i wZnqi vRc_| ZeyI Zvì ^vaxbZvi `vweKVKvZe_
nqcvwK vwbRvv-evwnbx| ZvBZvi v1971-GevOvwj i I ci P~ov AvNvZnvb| ZLbevsj vi gvbyl
Suvwcq co gyw -msMvg| j j gvbyl i eyKi i evsj vi gvwUj vj nq| Aekl AwRZ nq
^vaxbmvef gevsj v`k|
wbwgwZ 99
3.7 m`vl j vnvf vm|
f ve-mcmvi Y: cZK gvbyl BZvi Rxebcwi Pvj bvi GKwU^vaxbmvenbKi | mGKvB
Zvi weeKK wbqYKi | ZeG Zvi mi cf vewekl f vej Yxq| f wel Zi myì ev
Lvi vci wel qwUwbf i Ki ew i BQvevmwbevPbi I ci | hmegvbyl DbZPwi evmr-^f vei
j vKi mgj vgkvKi , Zvì ^f ve-Pwi I myì I weKwkZnqI V| Abw`K hvi vKzm
evKzmsmM_K wbRì Pwi i AatcZb NwUqQ, mgvR Zvì wechq Awbevh| ZvB
gvbeRxeb m wbevPb AZ i yZc~Ywel q| cKwZZI hme e myì I i gYxq, mj vi
mskhmee _vK Zvi vI myì I AvKl YxqnqI V| Lvi vc e wUmyì e wUi YwbRi
gaavi YKi Abi KvQwbRK ghv`vevbI MnYhvMKi Zvj | cKZc, mBmwK
gwngvw^ZKi Zvj | Avi GRbmBnj vmewKQzi mvdj I wedj Zvi PvweKvwV|
3.8 j vf cvc, cvc gZz|
f ve-mcmvi Y : j vf gvbyl i ci g k y| j vf gvbyl K A Ki ; Zvi weeK wemRb w`qZvK
asmi w`K Vj `q| j vf i ekeZxnqB gvbyl Rxebi mebvk WK Avb| gvbyl wbRi
f vMi RbhLbKvbvwKQzcvI qvi cej BQvcvl YKi ZvK j vf ej | ZLbhvwbRi bq, hv
cvI qvi AwaKvi Zvi bB, ZvcvI qvi Rbgvbyl j vf xnqI V| mZvi BQvK mv_K Ki Zzj Z
Pvq| j vf i gvnmmZ-wg_v, f vj v-g` mewemRb`q| Zvi bvq-Abvqevaj vc cvq| m
cvci c_ avweZnq| wbRi ^v_i RbAbi mebvk Ki | Gf vej vf gvbyl K c Zcwi YZ
Ki | WK AvbgZzi gZvf qvencwi Yvg| RxebK myì I mv_K Ki Zvj vi Rbj vf eRb
Ki vDwPZ|
3.9vbnxbgvbyl c i mgvb|
f ve- mcmvi Y: mwi AbvbcvYxi _Kgvbyl KAvj v`vKi QZvi weeKevvb, hvAbKvbv
cvYxi gabB| cwZwUgvbyl i gaBvbevweeK my Aevq_vK| Abykxj bi gvagZvK
RvwMq Zzj Z nq| vb gvbyl K hvMZv`vb Ki | bvbvwe`vq cvi `kxKi Zvj | vbi
Avj vKBgvbyl i Rxeb weKwkZ nq I V| ZvBgvbyl wnme kZj vf i Rbvbi mnvqZv
Acwi nvh| AbcvYxi mgvbyl i cv_KGLvbB| vbevbgvbyl KLbvLvi vc KvRKi Zcvi bv|
Zvi weeK ZvK Lvi vc AvPi YKi Z evav`q| Aci w`K vbnxb gvbyl c i gZvwbeva| c i
hgb vb bB| mbvq-Abvq evS bv| Avcb Aw ZwUwKq i vLZ cvi bv| Avb ew i I
ZgwbKvbvweeKbB| vbi Af veZvi vAvaywbKRxebi m~Y^v` Dcf vMKi Zcvi bv|
Zvì Rxebi mc i Rxebi Kvbvcv_KbB| vbBgvbyl I c i gacv_Ki mxgvi Lv
Ub`q| ZvBgvbyl KmemgqvbmvabvqwbqvwRZ_vKvì Kvi |
3.10 GKZvBej |
f ve-mcmvi Y: gvbyl cvwi evwi K Rxe| cwi evi i cZK GK Aci i Dci wbf i kxj | GBci i i
Dci wbf i kxj Zv_KMo DVQgvbemgvR; gvbyl i GKZveva| ZvBgvbeRxebi Aw Zi m
GKZvi Mf xi mK| gvbyl KmemgqcwZK~j cwi eki gaRxebhvcbKi Znq| Zvi k yi kl
bB| cwZK~j cwi ek k yi gvKvej vKi vi Rbgvbyl i ì Kvi msNe kw i | GKZve Rxeb
AvQwbi vcvi wbqZv| HKe RvwZK Kvbvkw B c`vbZ Ki Z cvi bv| GKZvi Kj vY
cwZdwj Z nqew I RvZxqRxebI | GKRb hKvR Ki Z cvi , `kRb Zvi eYKvR Ki v
me| Gf veRvwZ GKZvi Yeo nq| AvRKi wekhvi vDbZ I mg RvwZ wnmecwi wPZ
Zvi vwbRì gamef `vf ` f zj RvZxqHKDy nqQ| hRvwZHKe bq, mRvwZi
DbwZ Ame| ew i ezevenxb wbtmRxeb hgb wevwKi , Zgwb GKZvnxb RvwZi
asmAwbevh| ew Rxebi ^v_, RvZxq Rxebi Kj vY Ges gvbeRvwZi gj i Rb gvbyl i
GKZve _vKvGKvBAcwi nvh|
wbwgwZ 101
4. c i Pbv
4.1ew MZc :
K. gb Ki Zvgvi bvg wbweo| Zvgvi ezi bvg i vj | mLyj bvq _vK| ei vcYi
cqvRbxqZvDL Ki Zvi KvQGKwUc j L|
cjexXvKv1236
13.07.2012
wcqi vj ,
Avgvi f QvwbI | AbK w`b nj vZvgvi KvbvLei cvB bv| AvkvKwi f vj vAvQ| MZw`b
Avgvì zj e i vcYi c qvRbxqZvwel qGKwUmwgbvi nqMj | mBmwgbvi Be i vcYi
i y ZmKAbKf vj vf vj vK_v bj vg| ZvgvKmj vRvbvZBGwPwVwj LZemwQ|
Zzwg ZvRvbv, MvQAvgvì ci g ez| Avgi vkvm-ckvmAw Rb MnY Kwi , Kveb-WvB-
A vBWZvMKwi | Avi MvQAvgvì cqvRbxqAw Rbmi ei vnKi Geswel v Kveb-WvB-A vBW
kvl YKi bq, cwi eki f vi mvgi vKi | wKy gvbyl Zvi cqvRbcPzi MvQKvUQ| ebDRvo
nQ| ZvZcKwZI cwi eki f xl YwZnQ|
Zzwg nqZvRvbvbv, cwi eki f vi mvgi vi RbGKwU`ki g~j f ~-Li Kgc cuwPk
f vMeb_vKvì Kvi | Avgvì `k ZvbB| ei shvAvQZv-I wbwePvi asmKi vnQ| mf ZvI
Dbqbi dj mw nQKj Kvi Lvbv| i v vqhvbevnbi Pj vPj evoQ| Kj Kvi LvbvI Mvwoi auvqvq
evZvmevoQKveb-WvB-A vBWi cwi gvY| KgQevZvmi I Rvb i | mw nQwMbnvDR
Gd| dj gvbyl i ^vi AebwZ NUQ| `Lvw`Qbvbvi vM-evwa| GmeB NUQevZvm
Aw Rbi Af vei Kvi Y| ZvBewk ewk MvQj vMvj evZvmAw Rbi NvUwZc~i Yne| cKwZi
f vi mvgwdi Avme| cwi ek `~l Ygy ne| ZvQvovAvgvì Rvj vwbi Pvwn`vi ewki f vMc~i Y nq
ei gvag| KvV_K Avgi vevwoNi Ges Avgvì cqvRbxq Avmevec c Z Ki _vwK|
myZi vsf wel Zi K_vf e GLbBAvgvì AwaK nvi ei vcY Ki vcqvRb| evwoi Pvi cvk,
i v vi `ycvk, cwZZ RwgZ cPzi cwi gvY MvQj vMvZ ne| ei vcYi cqvRbxqZvmK
RbMYKAvi vmPZbKi Zzj Zne| gbi vLZne, e euvPj Avgi veuvPe|
AvRGBchB| Zvgvi gv- evevKAvgvi kv RvwbI | wPwVwÌ |
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25.06.2012
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ZvgvKmv bvèvi gZvf vl vAvgvi bB| ayRbv, Zvgvi Ggge`bvi AvwgI mgvbAskx`vi |
QvUej vq Avwg gvK nvwi qwQj vg| gvqi Avì -f vj vevmvKvK ej RvbZvg bv| Zvgvi gv
AvgvZ mBAbyf ~wZ RvwMqwQj b| ZvBZuvK Avwg gvej WKwQ| AvR Avwg Avevi gv-nvi vnj vg|
gvbyl gi Ykxj GBwbgg mZUvAvgvì RbeoBe`bv`vqK| KvRB`ytL bvKi gvqi AvZvi
kvwi Rb wZwb hgbwU f ewQj b f wel Z Avgvì mw`K gbvhvMw`Z ne| covkvbvq
AvZwbqvMKi | evevI QvUf vBqi cwZLqvj i L| KqK w`bci Zvgvi wZxqmwgvi ci xv|
wbRi covi KvRWze_vKj Ge`bvnqZvAv Av ckwgZne|
ci xvi Kvi YAvwgZvgvi GB`ytmgqKvQ_vKZcvi j vgbv, GUvI Avgvi RbLyeKKi |
KvqgbvevK KvgbvKwi , Zzwg GB cwZKj Zvhb KvwUq DVZ cvi | Avgvi Avwi K mge`bv
i Bj | AvjvnZvgvi mnvqnvb|
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RvwZi RbgwKî ~cGBggGKwUc cvVvI |
wmwi M
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17.07. 2012
mni gy,
Avgvi Avì wbI | MZKvj Zvgvi wPwVcqwQ| ZzwgI evwoi mevBf vj vAvQRbLywk nqwQ|
wPwVZ RvbZ cvi j vg AvMvgxgvmi c_g m vn Zvgvi ci xv i yne| Zvgvi covkvbv
wbqB f vj vf ve Pj Q? gbvhvMw`q i yZc~Yckj vco Ges evi evi j L| wbRi f zj j v
wbRBmskvabKi | GZZvgvi nvZi j Lvhgbmyì ne, Zgwbj Lvqevbvbf zj I Kghve|
dj ci xvi LvZvqewk bî cve|
AvRKvj AbK wkv_xB KvmgbvhvMw`q wkKì K_vkvb bv| evwoZI wVKgZv
covj LvKi bv| Zvi vci xvi nj wMq bKj Ki | KDKDbKj Ki f vj vf ve cvmI Ki
hvq| wKy cKZ wkvZvì nqbv| Qv i v`ki f wel r| AvMvgxZ Zvi vB`k cwi Pvj bvi `vwqZ
be| ZvBcwi kg I mvabvi gvag Zvì wbRK me w`K w`q Dchy Ki Mo Zzj Z ne|
ci xvqbKj Ki vGKwUmvgvwRK evwa| GBevwa RvwZK asmi w`K wbqhvq| bKj i gZv
`ybxwZevcvci I ci wf wKi RxebKLbvBmvdj j vf Ki vhvqbv|
AvkvKwi , ZzwgwkKì Dc`k gZvcovkvbvi cwZMf xi gbtmshvMKi e| gvbyl i gZvgvbyl
nqAvgvì cwi evi I `ki gyL Dj Ki e| Zvgvi KwZZI Mi eKvgbvKwi | f vj v_K|
evevI gvKAvgvi mvj vgRvwbI |
BwZ
euvabf vBqv|
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ci K: chZ: eyj eyj Anvg`
euvab Mvg : Kzj wUqv
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bvi vqYM| Rj v : mybvgM
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17.07.2012
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Avgvi mnvwkmwbI | AbK w`b ci Zvgvi wPwVcj vg| Zywg Kvmc_g nqQRb LyeAvbw`Z
nqwQ| AvwgAvi vLywk nqwQZzwgKvmi covkvbvi evBi KwDUvi wkLQej |
eZgvb hyMnQwevb I chyw i hyM| Avi chyw i G hyMmevP vb `Lj Ki AvQ
KwDUvi | KwDUvi QvovAvaywbKRxeb-hvcbK bvKi vhvqbv| wkv, mswZ, Lj vayj v, eemv-
evwYR, Awdm-Av`vj Z, wPwKrmv, webv`b me BKwDUvi i eenvi AvR Acwi nvh| ZvB
Kg I GLbKwDUvi Rvbvj vKì AMvwaKvi | KwDUvi -Awf j vK eKvi em_vK bv|
ZvB eZgvb wkveevq KwDUvi wkvi cqvRbxqZvAcwi mxg| Avgvì cZKi I DwPZ
Abvbwel qi mv_ KwDUvi wkvi cwZi yZÌ qv| ZzwgKvmi covkvbvi cvkvcvwk KwDUvi
f vj vf veAvqKi e, Avgvi GB f Kvgbvi Bj |
AvRAvi bv| gvI evevKAvgvi mvj vgwÌ | Zzwgf vj v_Kv|
BwZ
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ci K: cvcK:
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K. gbKi Zvgvi bvgcZq| AgkwYZZvgvi i vj bî 03| nVvr Ki Zvgvi evevi yZi
Amy nq coQb ej BZvgvi j Lvcove nZ emQ| GAevq we`vj qi Qv Kj vY
Znwej _KmvnvhPqcavbwkKi wbKUGKLvwbAve`bc j L|
18- 07- 2012
ei vei ,
cavbwkK,
i scyi gvawgKwe`vj q, i scyi |
wel q: we`vj qi Qv Kj vYZnwej _KAvw_KmvnvhcvI qvi RbAve`b|
gnv`q,
webxZwbe`bGB, AvwgAvcbvi we`vj qi AgkwYi GKRbwbqwgZQv | weMZwZbeQi hver
Avwg Gwe`vcxVcovj LvKi wQ| ci xvqme mgqBAvwg c_g nqGK kwY _K AbkwYZ
DxYnqwQ| Ag kwYZI Avgvi i vj bî 01| Avgvi evevGKRb `wi `Kl K| cwi evi i
f i Ycvl YQvovI Avgvì wZb f vBevbi j Lvcovi Li PPvj vZ wZwb wngwkg Lvb| ZeyI wZwb G
hver we`vj qi hveZxqcvI bvcwi kvaKi Avgvì covj Lvi Li PPvwj qAvmwQj b| mcwZwZwb
i yZi Amy nq covq Avgvì j Lvcove nq hvevi Dcg nqQ| GgZvevq we`vj qi
Qv Kj vY Znwej _K Avw_K mvnvhei v Ki Avgvi j LvcovPvwj q hvevi RbAvKzj Ave`b
RvbvwQ|
AZGe gnv`q, Avgvi Ave`b gvbweKf ve weePbvKi AvgvK Qv Kj vY Znw&ej _K Avw_K
mvnvh`vbevwaZKi eb|
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L. wkvmdi i i yZDL Ki Zvgvi j i cavb wkKi wbKUwkmdi hvI qvi AbygwZ
PqGKwUAve`bc j L|
ei vei ,
cavbwkK,
mi Kvwi wf vwi qvGKvWwg, ki cyi |
wel q: wkvmdi ci Yi RbAve`b|
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kwYi wkv_xi vwkvmdi wMq_vK| wKy GeQi GLbvZvi KvbvD`vMMnxZ nqwb| Avgi v
wkvmdi hZ PvB| Qv Rxeb wkvmdi i i yZI cqvRbxqZvAcwi mxg| wkvmdi i dj
eenvwi K wkvi mev e vb I Awf ZvAvi vmg nq| hKvbvgYB`k I `ki
gvbyl Kf vj vf veRvbvi myhvMnq|
Avgi vGevi wkvmdi gqgbwmsnhvI qvi AvMncKvk Ki wQ| gqgbwmsncvPxbkni | Gi gy vMvQv
_vbvwkv-mswZZLyeAMMvgxwQj | mLvbcvPxbRwg`vi evwo AvQ| gqgbwmsnkni i ex`bv_
VvKzi GmwQj b| mwZwPI `Lvhve| ZvQvovKwl wekwe`vq, Avb`gvnb Kj R, Rqbyj
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wekl vbARbKi Zmgnev|
GKw`bi GBmdi i m~Yeqf vi Avgi venbKi e| Avgvì m`yRbwmwbqi wkKhZi vwR
nqQb| Avcbvi mwZcj wkvmdi hvI qvi w`bavhKi Avgi vAvgvì Awf f veKì AbygwZ
MnYKi e|
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gqgbwmsnmswk KZci mnhvwMZvj vf i cqvRbxqee_vKi evwaZKi eb|
webxZ
AgkwYi wkv_xì c
Af qNvl
mi Kvwi wf vwi qvGKvWwg, ki cyi |
Zvwi L : 11. 08. 2013
wbwgwZ 107
M. gb Ki , Zvgvi evevGKwUevsK PvKwi Ki b| mcwZ Zvgvi evevi e`wj nqQ| ZvB
ZvgvKI Zvi mv_ Pj hZ ne| GRbZvgvi zj i cavb wkKi KvQQvoc Pq
Ave`bKi |
ei vei ,
cavbwkK,
i vOvgvwUgvawgKwe`vj q,
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wel q: we`vj q_KQvoc cvI qvi RbAve`b|
gnv`q,
webxZ wbe`b GB h, Avwg Avcbvi we`vj qi Ag kwYi GKRb Qv | Avgvi evevGKRb
evsKKgKZv| mcwZ ZvK K evRvi Rj vkni e`wj Ki vnqQ| ZvB cwi evi i mevi m
AvgvKI K evRvi hZnQ| mLvbbZzbKi f wZi RbGBwe`vj qi Qvoc cqvRb|
AZGe, AbyMnc~eKAvgvKwe`vj qZvMi Qvoc w`qevwaZKi eb|
wbe`K,
cZqPvKgv
i vj bs 12, 8gkwY
i vOvgvwUgvawgKwe`vj q, i vOvgvwU|
Zvwi L : 14. 06. 2012
N. ai , ZzwgcvZvevnvi DPwe`vj q, `wbqv, XvKvi AgkwYi Qv | Zvgvì zj GKwUwevb
KveMVbi AbygwZPqcavbwkKi wbKUGKLvbvAve`bc i PbvKi |
18-07-2012
ei vei ,
cavbwkK,
cvZvevnvi DPwe`vj q, `wbqv, XvKv|
wel q: wevbKveMVbi AbygwZi RbAve`b|
gnv`q,
mwebqwbe`bGBh, Avgi vAvcbvi we`vj qi AgkwYi Qv - Qv x| ek wKQzw`b_K Avgi v
zj wevbPPvi RbGKwUwevb Kvei cqvRbxqZvAbyf e Ki wQ| wevb I chyw i GBPi g
DrKl i hyMwevbPPvQvovwkvm~Ynq bv| Avi wevb Kve MVb Ki vnj wevb wel q
Avj vPbv, Z_Av`vb-c`vb, c -cw KvcKvk Ki vmene| wevbwel qcovkvbvI Mel YvKi
Avgi vbZzbbZzbwevbcRZwi ZI `yZmdj ZvARbKi e|
AZGe, gnv`qi wbKUwebxZ cv_bv, Avgvì we`vj q GKwUwevb KveMVbi AbygwZ I
cqvRbxqw`Kwb`kbvc`vbKi evwaZKi eb|
wbe`K
AgkwYi wkv_xì c
Ave`ymmvj vg
cvZvevnvi DPwe`vj q, `wbqv, XvKv|
wbwgwZ 109
5.3 wbgYc :
K. Zvgvi zj bRi yj RbRqxD`&hvcbDcj GKwUAvgYc i PbvKi |
myax,
AvMvgx11BR, 1419/ 25k g, 2012, evi weKvj Pvi Uvqwe`vnxI Avgvì RvZxqKwe
KvRxbRi yj Bmj vgi 113ZgRbRqxDcj wR.K DPwe`vj qwgj bvqZbGK Avj vPbvmf v
I mvswZKAbyvbi AvqvRbKi vnqQ|
Abyvb cavb AwZw_i Avmb Aj sKZ Ki eb ei Y K_vmvwnwZK nvmvb AvwRRyj nK| mf vcwZZ
Ki ebcavbwkKmi vRKzgvi PeZx| AbyvbAvcbvi DcwwZGKvf veKvgbvKwi |
webxZ
Zvwi L : 15.05.2012 dwi ` Avng` mwj j
AvnvqK
bRi yj RbRqxD`&hvcbcwi l `
wR. K. DPwe`vj q, Lyj bv|
Abyvbm~wP
04. 05: AwZw_eì AvmbMnY
04. 20: cwe agMmg~n_KcvV
04. 30: wekl Avj vPbv
05. 00: mf vcwZi f vl Y
05. 30: mvswZKAbyvb|
L. ai , Zvgvi cvovq Avwj K g xmsNbvg GKwUKve AvQ| Kvei c _K evsj vbeel
D`&hvcbDcj GKwUwbgYc i PbvKi |
wcqmyax,
f beel D`&hvcbDcj AvMvgx1j vekvL, 1419/ 14BGwcj , 2012, kwbevi mKvj 07Uvq
Avwj K g xmsNi c _K GK eYvXgj kvf vhv vI mvswZK Abyvbi AvqvRb Ki v
nqQ|
D AbyvbAvcwbmeveAvgwZ|
webxZ
Zvwi L : 25.3.2012 Awi `gLvj K
mvswZKmv`K
Avwj Kg xmsN, wmj U|
Abyvbm~wP
06.30: gj kvf vhv vi c wZ
07.30: msN-cvY_Kkvf vhv v i y; Gj vKvcwi gY
09.00: msNi wgj bvqZbcxwZf vR
10.00: gbv mvswZKAbyvb
12.00: mgvw |
wbwgwZ 111
5. ce i Pbv
5.1evsj v`ki l oFZz
m~Pbv: evsj v`k FZz-ewP i `k| GLvbGK GK FZzi GK GK i ~c| FZzZFZzZGLvbPj
mvR e`j i cvj v| bZzb bZzb i O-i Lvq cKwZ Avj cbvAuvK gvwUi eyK, AvKvki Mvq, gvbyl i
gb| ZvBFZze`j i mv_ mv_ GLvb Rxebi I i Oe`j nq| m-Kvi YBeywS Kwe i ex`bv_
VvKzi i KawbZnq
RMZi gvSKZwewP Zzwgn
ZzwgwewP i ~wcYx|
l oFZzi cwi Pq: cw_exi AwaKvsk `k FZzi msLvPvi wUnj I evsj v`k QqFZzi `k| GLvbcwZ
`yBgvmAi GKwUbZzbFZzi Avwef veNU| FZzj vnQMx, el v, ki r, ng, kxZI em|
Gi vPvKvi AvewZZ nq| Avi cZK FZzi Avwef veevsj v`ki cKwZi i ~c I m`hewP gq
nqI V|
MxKvj : FZzPi i yZBAvmMx| ekvL-R `yBgvmMxKvj | Avbi gkvj nvZgvV-NvU
cvovZcvovZMxi vRi AvMgb| ZLbAvKvk-evZvmayj vqa~mwi ZnqI V| cKwZi kvgj -wm
i ~c nvwi qhvq| Lvj -wej , b`x-bvj v wKqhvq| AmnMi gmg cvwYKyj GKUzkxZj cvwbI Qvqvi
RbKvZi nqco| Gi BgaKLbvnVvr i ynqKvj evkwLi `yi Zve| f OPzi mewKQz
ZQbQKi w`q hvq| Ze Mx aycvovq bv, AKcY nvZ `vb Ki Avg, Rvg, Rvgi yj , wj Pz,
Zi gyRI bvi Kj i gZvAgZdj |
el vKvj : Mxi ci Bgnvmgvi vnel vAvm| Avl vp- kveY`yBgvmel vKvj | w`wMRqxhvvi ek
el vi Avwef ve| gNi i yMxi MRbcKwZ_g_gwkDi I V| i ynqgyl j avi vqew| gvV-NvU
cvwbZcwi c~Ynqhvq| cKwZZ`Lv`qgbvi gmRxeZv| RbRxebwdi Avmckvw| Kl Ki v
RwgZ avb-cvUi exR i vcY Ki | MvQMvQdvUK`g, Kqv, RuyB| el vqcvI qvhvqAvbvi m,
cqvi vcf wZdj |
ki rKvj : evZvmwkDwj dzj i myevmQwoqAvmki r| f v`-Avwkb`yBgvmki rKvj | Gmgqel vi
Kvj vgNmv`vnq^Qbxj AvKvk Zzj vi gZvf meovq| b`xi Zxi Zxi emmv`vKvkdzj i
gj v| weKj ej vgvj vMu_ Do Pj mv`veKi mvwi | meyRXDqi `vj vq`yj I Vavbi LZ|
i vZi AvKvk Rj Rj Ki ARmZvi vi gj v| kvcj vi nvwmZwej i Rj Sj gj Sj gj Ki |
ZvBZvKweMqQb
AvwRKZvgvi gayi gyi wZ
nwi bykvi ` cf vZ|
ngvZt e, kvgj A
Swj QAgj kvf vZ|
ki Zi GBAci ~c i ~ci RbBki rKej vnqFZzi i vwb|
ngKvj : Ni Ni bevbi Drmei Avb` wbq AvMgb NUngi | KvwZK-AMnvqY `yBgvm
ngKvj | cKwZZngi i ~c nj y`| ml dzj QqhvqgvVi eyK| gvVgvVcvKvavb| Kl K
e nqco dmj KvUvi KvR| mvbvwj avbKl Ki Mvj vf i I V, gyL dvUAvbì nvwm|
i ynqbevbi Drme| ng Avmbxi e; Avevi kxZi Kzqvkvi Avovj Mvcbnvwi qhvq|
kxZKvj : Kzqvkvi gwj bPvì MvqDyi nvI qvmv_ wbqAvmkxZ| cl -gvN`yBgvmkxZKvj |
kxZwi Zvi FZz| KbKbkxZi `vcUgvbyl I cKwZAmnvqnqco| Zei Kgvwi kvK-mewR,
dj I dzj i mgvi vnwel YcKwZf i I V| evZvmf vmLRyi i mi NvY| xi , cvqmAvi wcVv-
cywj i DrmegvZvqvi vnqMvgevsj v|
em Kvj : mekl em Avmi vRek| dvyb- P `yB gvmem Kvj | em wbq Avm
meyRi mgvi vn| evZvmggdzj i myevm| MvQMvQKvwKj - cvwcqvi mygayi Mvb| `wLbvevZvm
eywj q`qkxZj ci k| gvbyl i cvYeRI Vwgj bi myi | Avb` AvZnvi vKweMqI Vb
AvnvAvwRGem
GZdzj dvU, GZeuvwk evR
GZcvwL Mvq|
FZzi vRem mevi LyewcqFZz|
Dcmsnvi : evsj v`k l oFZzi GBj xj vAwei vg Pj Q| wewf bFZzcKwZZ i ~c-i mi wewf bmvi
wbq Avm| Zvi cf ve co evsj vi gvbyl i gb| wewP l oFZzi cf veBevsj v`ki gvbyl i gb
D`vi I f vj vevmvqcwi c~Y|
wbwgwZ 113
5.2 evsj vbeel
m~Pbv: evsj vbeel evOvwj i Rxebwekl GK ZvrchenbKi | MZvbyMwZK Rxebavi vi gabeel
wbqAvmbZzb myi , bZzb D xcbv| weMZ eQi i me`ytL-e`bvK GKi vk nvwm, Avb` Avi Mvb
w`qf zwj qw`qhvqbeel | cvPxbKvj _K RvwZ-ag-eYwbwekl GwUevOvwj i Avb`gqDrme
wnmemycwi wPZ| evsj vbeel ZvBevOvwj i RvZxqDrme|
ev evevsj vmbi BwZnvm: ev evevsj vmb c Pj bi BwZnvmi nm Ni v| KvbvKvbv
BwZnvmwe` gbKi b, evsj vi my j Zvbnvmbkvnevsj vmbi c eZ K| Kvi vKvi vgZ, w`wj i mg vU
AvKei evsj vmbi c Pj b Ki b| Zu vi wb` k Avwgi dZDj vn wmi vwR c~ ec Pwj Z wnRwi I Pv`
eQi i mg^qmi eQi i c Pj bKi b| Zemy j Zvbnvmbkvni mgq(903wnRwi ) evsj vmbi
c Pj bnj I mg vUAvKei i mgq(963wnRwi ) _KBGwUme f vi Zxqi ~ c j vf Ki | ZLb_KBGwU
evOvwj ms wZi mv_ wbweof vemwK Z| evsj vmbAvcvgi evOvwj RvwZi GKv wbRÂ|
beel i Drme: evOvwj i vcvPxbKvj _KBbeel D`&hvcbKi AvmQ| ZLbeQi i ynZvAMnvqY
gvm_K| GwUwQj dmj KvUvi mgq| mi Kvwi i vRÎ FYAv`vqi GwUBwQj h_v_mgq| ci
ev evevsj vmbi cPj bnj ekvL gvm_Kel MYbv i ynq| Avi evOvwj i vcnj vekvL evsj v
beel D`&hvcb Ki | evsj v`k beel D`&hvcb GmQbZzb gv v| eZgvb Avgvì `k
i vxqf vebeel cvj bKi vnq|
cnj vekvL : weMZw`bi mg MvwbgyQw`q, cvI qvbvcvI qvi mewnmePzwKqcwZeQi Avm
cnj vekvL| evsj vbeel | gnvaygavg i ynqel ei Y| mevBMqI Vi ex`bv_i GBMvb:
Gmv, Gmv, GmvnekvL,
Zvc wbtkvmevqgyg~l yi `vI Dovq,
ermi i AveRbv`~i nqhvK|
evsj vbeel i AbZg AvKl Y nQcnj vekvL AbywZ ekvLxgj v| ekvLxgj vB nQ
evsj v`ki mePq eo mveRbxb Drme| RvwZ-ag-eYwbwekl me gvbyl i gnvwgj b GB
gj v| Ggj vqAvengvbMvg-evsj vi mvswZK KgKvi GKwUcwi wPwZdzUI V| evDj , gvi dwZ,
gywkw`, f vwUqvwj mn evsj v`ki wewf bAj i j vKMvb gj vi AvKvk- evZvmgyLwi Z nq| hv v,
bvUK, cyZzj bvP, mvKvm, bvMi `vj vBZvw` gj vqwekl AvKl Ymw Ki | gj vqcvI qvhvqgvwUi
nuvwo, evmbKvmb, cyZzj ; eZI euvki Zwi Mnvwj i mvgMx, Zvj cvLv, KzwUi wk RvZwewf bmvgMx,
wk -wKkvi ì Lj bv, gwnj vì mvR-mvBZvw`| GQvovwPuov, gywo, L, evZvmvmnbvbvi Kgi
wgwi ewP gqmgvi vn_vK ekvLxgj vq| Mvgi gvbyl i wekvm, cnj vekvL f vj vLj ,
bZzb cvkK ci j mvi vwUeQi BZvì myL KvUe| ZvBMvg cnj vekvL cvvLvqbv| hvì
mvg_AvQZvi vbZzbcvkKci |
evsj vbeel i Avi KwUAvKl Y nvj LvZv| Mvg-M-kni eemvqxi vbeel i w`b Zvì cyi bv
wnmve-wbKvk kl Ki bZzb LvZvLvj b| GDcj Zvi vbZzb-cyi bvL i ì AvgY Rvwbq
wgw LvI qvb| cvPxbKvj _KGLbvGAbyvbwUek RuvKRgKf vecvwj ZnqAvmQ|
beel i cf ve : Avgvì Rxeb beel Drmei AvgR wbq Avm| beel i w`b QzwU_vK|
cvwi evwi Kf vewekl Lvevi i AvqvRb Ki vnq| ez-eve, AvZxq-^RbK wbgY Rvbvbvnq|
mewKQzZ Avbì Quvqvj vM| AvaywbK i xwZ AbyhvqxQvU-eo mevBbeel i f QvKvWwewbgq
Ki | AZxZi j vf -wZ f zj wMq Gw`b mevB f wel Zi mvebvi ^cevb| beel Avgvì
mvgbi w`KGwMqPj vi ci YvhvMvq| ZvBAvgvì Rxebbeel i cf veMf xi I evcK|
beel i Zvrch: evOvwj i beel i Drme wbgj Avbì Drmavi v| ag-eYwbwekl GwUAvR
Avgvì RvZxq Drme| beel i mvgvwRK I mvswZK KgKv Avgi vAvgvì Rxebev`xI
Kj vYagxi ~cwUBLuyR cvB| Avgvì HwZn I mvswZK PZbvK cZ Kwi | Avgvì beel
D`&hvcb Avbì we vi AvQ, wKy KLbvZvcwi wgZevaK Qvwoq hvq bv| evsj vbeel ZvB
evOvwj i mvi veQi i Avbì cmi v-evnK|
Dcmsnvi : evsj vbeel i c_g w`bwUAvmmMi ewbRK wPwbq, mevBK Rvwbq| Avgvì
RxebbePZbvi mvi Ki , cwi eZbi GKUvevZvwbqAvmbeel | cyi vZbK So dj m
Avgvì RxebbZzbnvj LvZvi ceZbKi | Avgvì gvbweK g~j evaK RvMZKi ; RvZxqRxeb
^KxqPZbvweKvk Dy Ki | gvbyl gvbyl Mo Zvj mcxwZi Kvgj eb| ZvBevsj vbeel
Avgvì RxebGZAvb` I Mi ei |
5.3 weRqwèm
m~Pbv: Avgvì RvZxqRxeb16BwWmî mePqAvb` I Mi ei GKwUw`b| 1971mvj `xN
bqgvmi qxhyi ci GBw`bAvgvì wcq^`k `Lj `vi gy nqwQj | j vLvknxì i i
wewbgq Avgi vweRq ARb Ki wQj vg| cw_exi gvbwP ^vaxb-mvef g evsj v`k j vf Ki wQj vg|
GBw`bwUZvBAvgvì RvZxqRxebmePqi Yxqw`b| GwUAvgvì weRqwèm|
weRqwèmi BwZnvm: weRqgnvb, wKy weRqi RbmsMvg gni | cwZwUweRqi RbKVvi
msMvgcqvRb| Avgvì weRqwèmi gnvbARbi cQbI exi evOvwj i my`xNmsMvgI AvZ`vbi
wbwgwZ 115
BwZnvmi qQ| cvwK vb mwi cvq c_g _KBevOvwj ì gb cwgvkvl Y _K gyw j vf i
BQvi RvMi YNU| RvwZi RbK eeykL gywReyi i ngvbi bZZbvbvAv`vj bi gvag Zv
cej AvKvi avi Y Ki Z _vK| Aekl evOvwj i ^vwaKvi PZbv1969 mvj MY-Af z vb i ~c j vf
Ki | evOvwj i ^vwaKvi i bvh`vweK wPi Zi wbg~j Ki vi Rb1971mvj i 25k gvPi vZcwgv
mvgwi K RvvevwnbxevOvwj -wbabi wbzi Lj vqgZ I V| eezi AvnvbevOvwj i vi yL ùvovq|
MRI V| Ni Ni `yMMo Zvj | Kl K-kwgK, Qv -wkK, Wv vi -Bwwbqvi , wk x-mvwnwZK,
bvi x-cyi yl , wn`y-gymj gvb-e- wLvbmevBK wbqMwVZ nqgyw evwnbx| hvi hvAvQZvBwbq
Suvwcq co `kgvZKvi gyw -msMvg| my`xNbq gvmi qxgyw hy Pj | cvwK vwb mvgwi K
Rj vì vGmgqMvg-M-kni -eì cvwLi gZvwj Ki nZvKi wbi xnRbmvavi YK| Ni -
evwo, `vKvb-cvUj yUKi Rvwj q`q| gv-evbì I ci cvkweK wbhvZbKi | cvYeuvPvZ mnvq-
m^j nxb GK KvwUgvbyl K Avkq wbZ nq cwZekx`k f vi Z| ZeyevOvwj `g hvqwb| cw_ex
AevKZvwKq`L :
mvevmevsj v`k! Gcw_ex
AevKZvwKqi q:
Rj -cyo-gi Qvi Lvi
Zeygv_vbvqvevi bq|
Aekl cvwK vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxci vRq ^xKvi Ki bq| 1971 mvj i 16BwWmî G`ki
gyw mbvI wg evwnbxi KvQAvZmgcYKi | i v msMvgi AemvbNU| evsj v`k k ygy nq|
m~wPZnqevsj v`ki gnvbweRq|
weRqwèmi Zvrch: 1971 mvj i 16BwWmî Mi egqweRqi gvag ^vaxb RvwZ wnme
evOvwj i Rqhv vi i y| GBw`b^cwi PqAvgi vweki ì evi gv_vZzj ùvovevi myhvMcvB| GB
w`bwUi RbB mvi vwek evOvwj RvwZ I evsj v`ki ghv`vAvR mycwZwZ| 16B wWmî ZvB
Avgvì RvZxqwèm| cwZeQi mwekl ghv`vwbqRvwZi KvQnvwRi nqweRqwèm| meAbvq-
AZvPvi , kvl Y-`ytkvmbi wei y weRqwèmAvgvì gbci Yvmw Ki |
weRqwèmi Drme: 16BwWmî f vi mvf vi AewZRvZxqwZmacy eKAcYi ga
w`qwèmwUi f m~Pbvnq| evsj v`ki Avcvgi Rbmvavi Y gnvmgvi vnweRqwèmcvj b Ki |
15BwWmî i vZ_KBweRqwèmD`&hvcbi c wZPj | `ki mg zj -Kj R, Ni -evwo,
`vKvbcvU, wi v-Mvwo BZvw`Z kvf vcvq j vj -meyR cZvKv| zj -Kj R wKsevi v vq i v vq
AvqvRbKi vnqmvswZK Abyvbi | ^vaxbZvi Avb` mekwYi gvbyl hvM`qGmeAbyvb|
Kv_vI Kv_vI emweRq gj v| mi Kvwi f ve Gw`bwUek RuvKRgKf ve cvj b Ki vnq| XvKvi
RvZxq cvi WMvD evsj v`k mvgwi K I cwZi vevwnbxi m`mMY KzPKvI qvR c`kb Ki b|
gnvgvb i vcwZ, gvbbxq cavbgx, gwmf vi m`m, wei vax`j xq bZv-b xMY I MYgvb
ew eMi DcwZ nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl GBKzPKvI qvR Dcf vMKi b| weRqwèmDcj wewf b
mvgvwRK I i vRbwZK msMVbKvOvwj f vRi AvqvRbKi _vK| AbK mvwnZ-mvswZK cwZvb
weRq wèmi Y Abyvb Ki | c -cw Kvq cKvwkZ nq wekl voc | eZvi I Uwj wf kb
cPvwi Z nqwekl Abyvbgvj v| wewf bagxqcwZvbgnvbgyw hyi exi knx`ì AvZvi kvw I
`ki Kj vYKvgbvqcv_bvKi vnq| kni mvqAvqvRbKi vnqwekl Avj vKmvi | mgM`k
Ryo DrmegyLi cwi ek weRqwèmcvwj Znq|
Dcmsnvi : GK mvMi i i wewbgqAvgi vcqwQ^vaxbmvef gevsj v`k| GB^vaxbZvAvgvì
AwRZ nq1971 mvj i 16BwWmî | GBw`bwU ayBAvgvì weRqi w`bbq, e`bvi I w`b|
Avgvì PZbvRvMi Yi I w`b| huvì ZvM-wZwZvI i i wewbgqAvgi vGBMi ei AwaKvi
cqwQ, Zuvì mBAvZvrmMi K_vgb i L Avgvì I mBPZbvq Dy nZ ne| `k I
RvwZKDbwZi w`KGwMqwbqhZne| ZeBweRqwèmi gwngvA_ennqDVe|
5.4UbgY
f wgKv: gYme`vBAvbì | GBAvb` mgYhy nqvbj vf | i ex`bv_ VvKzi wj LQb:
wecyj vGcw_exi KZUzKz Rvwb|
`k `k KZbvbMi i vRavbx
gvbyl i KZKxwZ, KZb`xwMwi wmzgi y,
KZbvARvbvRxe, KZbvAcwi wPZZi y
i qMj AMvPi |
cKZc, gYi dj gvbyl i wP hgbcdzj nqwVK ZgwbhAbK ARvbvi mvbj vf Ki |
AvwgGKw`bUb-gYei nB|
gYKx? : gYnj vGKvb_KAbvbeovbevchUb| gnvbexi evYxZAvQ, vbvRbi
j my`~i Pxb `k hvevi Avnvb| kxKI wekl D kg_yi v_K e`veb gY Ki Qb|
agxqgnvcyi yl ì cvkvcvwk wevbxi vP`c evgnvk~bcwi gYKi b| GmewKQzi mBAvQ
Avb` Avi vbi wccvmv| gY gvbegb Avb` `vb Ki Gesvbi wccvmvgUvq| mKvi Y
AbKGwUKZeKgej I gbKi |
wbwgwZ 117
gYi c_mg~n: mvavi YZc_, Rj c_, AvKvkc_ GBwZbc_BgYKi vhvq| j c_ evmgY,
mvBKj gY, gvUi mvBKj gY, Uw gY BZvw` nZ cvi | Ze cwi mi eo, `xNc_
Kvwnxbf vegYi c Avi vg`vqK i j gY| GZ c_ AbK kb_vKvqbvbvvbi wewP
gvbyl i mwYK`LvnI qvi myhvMNU|
Ub gYi i y: ci xvkl ZLb Avgvi zj e| wWmî gvmi 4 Zvwi L gv-evevi m
mKvj mvo AvUUvqXvKvi Kgj vcyi kbwMqcuwQ| mAvgvi evbgv v| D kMvgi evwo
ki cyi hvev| Avgvi evevAvMB Ubi wUwKUKvwUq i LwQj b| Avgi vkb ùvwoq _vKv
Ubi myj f kwYZ wbavwi Z Avmb emj vg| Ubi bvg AwMexYv| bvgwUKvRxbRi yj Bmj vgi
KweZvi eB_KbI qv| mKvj wVKbqUvqUbKgj vcyi kbQvoj |
Ubi f Zi i Aev: evevAvgvK ej wQj b: myj f kwYZ DVj wewP ai bi gvbyl i `Lv
gj | mwZZvB`Lj vg| wbgwe, gawe bvbvai bi bvi x-cyi yl mBmwk i vAvmbemQ|
`yRbi AvmbwZbevPvi RbI K Ki emwQj b| GKRbe Avmbcvbwb| cvki Avmb_K
GKRbhyeK DVùvwoqZvK emZw`j b| Gi BgaPvbvPzi I qvj vPvbvPzi -ev`vgej wgwnmyi
Zzj , AvKl YxqM QwoqAvgvì cvk w`qPj Mj | GKRbPvLi mvgb`wbK cw Kvgj
ai ZvcvVKi vqgbvhvMxwQj b| Ubaxi axi MwZcv nq|
wewf bkb : Avwg BZvgaRvbvj vi avi wMqemwQ| evb gv vAvgvi gyLvgywL em| Avgvi
cvk evevAvi gv vi cvk gvemv| `Lj vg Ub ZRMuvI , XvKvKvUbgU, Rqècyi BZvw`
kbvwYK ùvovj v| Avi kbAcgvYgvbyl j vRj w` DVcoj vUb| Kvi vnvZwQj
evM, Kvi vKvj wk | wKy mevi BGKUvBj GesZvnj vUb| UbBDVBZvì mee Zv
Kghvq| hhvi AvmbLyuRwbqmLvbemhvb|
Ub_K: Rvbvj vi avi emAvwQ| gbnQgvV-NvU-MvQcvj vòvQ| Avgvi Pzwi | KqKUv
cvwL AvKvk cvLvgj Avgvì cvkvcvwk Pj Avevi wcwQqco| gbnq, mvi vcw_exhbNyi Q,
Avi Avgi vwi AvwQ| Rvbvj vi avi evZvmi MwZeMi Kvi YAvgvi Pzj Gj vgj vnqhvq| cvk
ZvwKq `wL eveveBnvZ, gvPvL eyR AvQb| Ub _K k~bgvV`Lvhvq| wKQzw`b AvMI
GLvbmvbvwj avbwQj | GKwUevwo `yZPj hvq| mLvbMi yAvi gvl euvavwQj | `~i GKwUBUi
evwoI PvL co| AbK wUbi Ni i Pvj m~hwPK wPK Ki | cyKzi Mvgi ewSi vKvR e -
mUvI PvL co| Mvgevsj vi i ~c hGZmyì ZvGi AvMAvgvi PvL Gf veAvi ai vcowb| Kwe
wj LQb-
evsj vi gyL Avwg`wLqvwQ, ZvBAvwgcw_exi i ~c
LuywRZPvBbvAvi
Rxebvbì GBf vl hKZUvmZ, hw`bUbgYKi j vg, mw`beySZcvi j vg|
DLhvMvb: UbgYc_gBDjLhvMvbI vcbvi gacoj Kgj vcyi i j kb|
`xNZgcvUdgAvQGBkb| Zvi ci ZRMuvI Avmvi AvMB`~i _K PvL co XvKvi Pj wP
Dbqb msvevGdwWwm| f vI qvj i Rwgi I ci w`q Rqècyi hvevi AvMBXvKvwegvbeì
PvL co| gqgbwmsnevsj v`k Kwl wekwe`vj q| Rvgvj cyi hgybvmvi Kvi LvbvQvovI c_ bvbv
vb I vcbvi mcwi wPZ nI qvhvq| mvBbevWj vi I ci GKUzwi `w i vLj vb I
vcbvj vi bvg f vj vf veBcvVKi vme| Ub gYi mgq bvbvvb I wewP vcbvj v
AvgvK AvK Ki |
kl kb: Ub_K bvgvi AvMi c wZ wnmeAvgi vmevBhhvi evMnvZ wbj vg| eveveo
evMj vGK mi L Ub _vgvi AcvKi j b| Avwg Avgvi GKcvwURyZvLuyR cvwQj vg bv|
gv vej j v: kvw`w` Zvgvi RyZvAvgvi wmUi wbPGmMQ| Ub_vgZBj vj kvUci vKzwj i v
Gj v| evevZvì nvZ evMeywSqw`j b| Avgi vbvgvi Pvqe , AbK Ub DVvi Pvq
g| GmgqkLj vì Kvi | wKy kLj vi eo Af ve| kl ch Avgi vRvgvj cyi kb bvgj vg|
Avgvì mvZNvi UbgYmgv nj v|
Dcmsnvi : Ub gY bvKi j Rxebi wei vUAwf Zv_K ewZ nZvg| wewP gvbyl i m
cwi Pq, bvbvvbAej vKb, wewf bvcbv`kbBZvw` Avgvi gbbvbvwRvmvi Rb`q| myì
kvgj evsj v`k Avgvi gb`kcgRvMvqAvi vZxef ve| UbgYi GBmvZwUNvAvgvi KvQ
hbmvZRbgi Awf Zvi Li ~c|
5.5gyw hy Rv`yNi
m~Pbv: gyw hy evOvwj RvwZi RxebmePqi yZc~YNUbv| cvwK vbi Rbj M_K hkvl YI
AZvPvi i i ynqwQj Zvi Aemvb NU GB hyi gvag| mgMRvwZ `ki gyw i Rb
AvZvrmMi PZbvqwbRì DRvo Ki w`qwQj GBhy| dj GKmvMi i i wewbgqAf y`q
NU^vaxb mvef g evsj v`ki | gyw hvvi vAvgvì Me, Avgvì AnsKvi | gyw hyi BwZnvm
evOvwj RvwZi KvQ^YgqGKMi evj Aavq| Avgvì gyw hyi BwZnvm-HwZnKmsi YGes
f wel r cRbKZvRvbvbvi Rbm~Yemi Kvwi D`vMcwZwZnqQgyw hy Rv`yNi |
wbwgwZ 119
Rv`yNi i cwZv: 1996mvj i 22k gvPXvKv mbevwMPvi GKwU`vZj vf ebcwZvKi vnq
gyw hy Rv`yNi | evsj v`ki Mi egq gyw hy-msv Z_, cgvY, e MZ wb`kb, i KWc I
vi KwPmg~n msMn, msi Y I c`kbi myeevKi vnqQGLvb| wbi c I e wbf ve
HwZnvwmK NUbvavi v`kevmxi mvgb Zzj ai vi cqvm`ki KqKRb ei Y ew ^-D`vM
gyw hy Rv`yNi cwZvi cwi K bvKi b| cwZvZvì gai qQbwewk bvUew ZAvj xRvKi ,
mvi vRvKi , Avmv`yvgvb b~i , wRqvDw b Zvi K Avj x, Wv. mvi I qvi Avj x, i weDj mvBb, Avz
Payi xI gwd`yj nK| Guì Avnvbmvovw`qGwMqGmAbK ew wewf bvi K, Z_-cgvYI
Avw_K mvnvh c`vb Ki b| eZgvb gyw hy Rv`yNi cwi Pvwj Z nq GKwU Uvw evWi my`
Zveavb|
Rv`yNi i AeKvVvgv: gyw hy Rv`yNi i cekc_i gyLBi qQwkLvwPi Avb| Zvi Kv-AvKwZi
GKwUewì I ci Rj QAwbevYwkLv| Zvi cQbcv_i Lv`vBKi vAvQGK`pAxKvi :
mvxevsj vi i f RvgvwU
mvxAvKvki P`Zvi v
f zwj bvBknx`ì KvbvwZ
f zj ebvwKQzBAvgi v|
`vZj vwewk gyw hy Rv`yNi i gai qQQqwUMvj vwi : wbP Zj vq wZbwUI `vZj vq wZbwU|
c_gMvj vwi i wb`kbj v`ywUceweb | c_gcec`wkZnqQevsj vi nvRvi eQi i HwZnI
mswZ| hgb : wmj UAj cv dwmj , cvnvocyi i mvgcyi wenvi i gWj , f zUvb _K cvI qv
kxvbAZxk `xci i g~wZ, evMi nvUi weLvZl vUM^yRgmwRì gWj mnwewf bgmwRì Uvwj i
wb`kb Ges gwì i cvovgvwUi Kvi yKvR| Gmei cvkvcvwk GLvb i qQbvbvmgqi gy`v,
Zvj cvZvi wj wc I Zzj UKvMRj Lvgbmvgj Kvei Askwekl | wZxqcec`wkZnqQwewUk
J cwbewkK kvmbi wei y wewf bmsMvgi wP | hgb : beve wmi vRD j vhLvb ci vwRZ
nqwQj b mB cj vkxi AvKvbbi gWj ; wmi vRD j v, wUcymyj Zvb, wZZzgxi , i vRvi vggvnb
i vqi cwZKwZ; zwì vg, cdzj PvKx, hZx`bv_ gyLvwR, gI j vbvgvnv` Avj xI kI KZ Avj xi
dUvMvd| Avi vAvQwmcvwnwe`vni wi wP , PMvgAvMvi j ybi knx`ì wP , KvRxbRi yj
Bmj vgmvw`Z a~gKZzcw Kvi Kwc Ges1943mvj i f qven`ywf i hvK Avgi vcvki
gî ewj , Zvi Ki yY`ki Qwe|
wZxqMvj vwi ZZzj ai vnqQcvwK vbAvgj i BwZnvm| 1952i f vl vAv`vj b, 54i mvavi Y
wbevPb, 58i mvgwi K kvmb, 62i mvgwi K kvmbwei vaxAv`vj b, 66i Qq `dvi Av`vj b,
AvMi Zj vl oh gvgj v, 69-Gi MY-Af z vb, 70-Gi f qven Rj vQvmI wbevPb msv wewf b
`wj j , QweI vi K|
ZZxqMvj vwi Zc`wkZnqQ1971mvj i AmnhvMAv`vj b, 25k gvPi vw ZmsNwUZMYnZv,
^vaxbZvi Nvl Yv, cv_wgKcwZi va, cevmxmi Kvi msv QweI ki Yv_xì RxebwP |
`vZj vi wZbwUMvj vwi mvRvbvnqQgyw hyi wewf bZ_, cgvY I wP w`q| c_gwUZ (PZz_
Mvj vwi ) i qQ, cvKevwnbxi wbzi Zvi wewf bQwe, knx` gyw hvv, cv_wgK cwZi va, cevmxmi Kvi
Gesmi Kgvvi ì bvbvZrci Zvi Z_I Qwe| ci i wUZ(cgMvj vwi ) AvQcwZi vai j ovB,
Mwi j vhy, b-Kgvv, wegvbevwnbx, ^vaxbevsj veZvi K`, gyw hyi c AvRvwZK mg_b,
i vRvKvi -`vj vj ì f ~wgKvGes mk hyi Qwe, vi K I weei Y| mekl (l Mvj vwi ) i qQ
MYnZv, knx` gyw hvv, exi k, knx` eywRxex, P~ov j ovBGesgyw hyi weRqm wewf b
vi K, weei YI Qwe|
cwZwUMvj vwi Z AvQb GKRb PKk MvBW| wZwb `kbv_xì bvbvcki Di c`vb Ki Zvì
KZ~nj wbeZKi b|
gyw hy Rv`yNi PZi i qQgyw hy wel qK bvbvi Kg eB, cvvi , KvmU, wmwW, vi KmvgMx
wewi RbGKwUcy KwecwY, GKwULvevi i `vKvb I GKwUDby g Gesmvgbi Ask AvQ
100Avmbwewk GKwUPgrKvi AwWUvwi qvg|
gyw hy Rv`yNi i Kvhg : gyw hyi Mi egq BwZnvm-HwZn mK`ki gvbyl K mPZb
Ki Zgyw hy Rv`yNi wewf bKgKv cwi Pvj bvKi _vK| Rv`yNi cwi `kbi we`vj qi Qv -
Qv xì Rbcwi enbmyweavmnGLvbbvbvmyhvM-myweavc`vbKi vnq_vK| `ki wewf bcv
c`kbxi RbGKwUMvwoK vggvYRv`yNi i ~cvwi ZKi vnqQ| gyw hy Rv`yNi i AwWUvwi qvg
wf wWI c`kbxi gvag AvgwZ `kKì gyw hyi wewf bcvgvYwP `Lvbvnq| Dby g
AvqvRb Ki vnq _vK bvbvAbyvbi | gyw hy Rv`yNi msMnxZ vi K msLvcvq GMvi nvRvi |
gyw hy Rv`yNi weki Avi vAvUwU`ki mgf vevcbRv`yNi i mwgj BUvi bvkbvj Kvqvwj kb
Aewnwi KwgDwRqvgm&AeKbmvMVbKi Q|
Dcmsnvi : h-KvbvRv`yNi `ki BwZnvm-HwZnI mswZK Rbmg Zzj ai vi gaw`q
AZxZ Ges eZgvbi ga mZzeb i PbvKi | evsj v`ki gyw hy Rv`yNi Avgvì gnvb
gyw hyi Mi egqRvZxqBwZnvmI HwZni i yZc~YwZ-vi K-`wj j c i GKgv msMnkvj v|
Avgvì f wel r cRbhb gyw hyi BwZnvmmwVKf ve RvbZ cvi , f zj bvhvq, mj B
gyw hy Rv`yNi cwZwZI cwi Pvwj ZnqAvmQ|
wbwgwZ 121
5.6Avgvi Qj ej v
Avgi vwZbwUevj K GKmgvbyl nBZwQj vg| Avgvi mx`ywUAvgvi Pq`yBeQi i eo| Zuvnvi v
hLb i ygnvkqi KvQcovAvi Kwi j b Avgvi I wkvmBmgq i ynBj , wKy m- K_vAvgvi
gbI bvB|
Kej gb co, Rj co cvZ bo| ZLb Ki Lj cf wZ evbvbi Zzdvb KvUvBqvmegv Kj
cvBqvwQ| mw`b cwoZwQ, Rj co cvZvbo| Avgvi Rxeb GBUB Avw`Kwei c_g KweZv|
mw`bi Avb` AvRI hLb gb co ZLb eywSZ cvwi , KweZvi gawgj wRwbmUvi GZ cqvRb
Kb| wgj AvQewj qvBK_vUvkl nBqvI kl nqbvZvnvi e ehLbdzi vqZLbvZvnvi SsKvi Uv
dzi vq bv, wgj UvK j BqvKvbi mgbi mLj vPwj Z _vK| Ggwb Kwi qvwdwi qvmw`b
Avgvi mg PZbi gaRj cwi ZI cvZvbwoZj vwMj |
GBwk Kvj i Avi - GKUvK_vgbi gaeuvavcwoqvMQ| Avgvì GKwUAbK Kvj i LvRvw
wQj , Kj vmgyLyRZvnvi bvg| mAvgvì Ni i AvZxqi BgZv| j vKwUf vwi i wmK| mKj i
mBZvnvi nvwm- Zvgvkv| evwoZb~ZbmgvMZRvgvZvw`MKmwe`yc KZzKwecbKwi qvZzwj Z|
mB Kj vmgyLyR Avgvi wk Kvj AwZ `yZeMg GKUvQovi gZvewj qvAvgvi gbvi b
Kwi Z| mBQovUvi cavbbvqK wQj vgAvwgGesZvnvi gaGKwUf vexbvwqKvi wbtmskqmgvMgi
AvkvAwZkqDj f veewYZ wQj | GBhf zebgvwnbxea~wUf weZeZvi Kvj Avj vKwi qvwei vR
Kwi ZwQj , Qov wbZ wbZ Zvnvi wP wUZ gb f vwi DrmMnBqvDwVZ| Avcv`g K Zvnvi h
eg~j Aj sKvi i Zvwj KvcvI qvwMqvwQj Geswgj bvrmei hAf Zc~emgvi vni eYbvkybvhvBZ,
ZvnvZAbKcexYeq myweePKew i gbPj nBZcvwi ZwKy, evj Ki gbhgvwZqvDwVZ
Ges PvLi mvgb bvbveYwewP Avh- myLQwe `wLZ cvBZ, Zvnvi g~j Kvi Y wQj mB`yZ-
DPvwi Z AbMj kQUvGesQì `vj v| wk Kvj i mvwnZi mf vMi GB`yUvwZ GLbvRvwMqv
AvQ; Avi gbco ew co Uvcyi Uzcyi , b`qGj evb| I BQovUvhkkei gN`~Z|
Zvnvi ci h- K_vUvgb cwoZQZvnvzj hvI qvi m~Pbv| GKw`b `wLj vg, `v`vGesAvgvi
eqvR f vwMbqmZzj Mj b, wKy Avwgzj hvBevi hvMewj qvMYnBj vgbv| DPtî
KvbvQvovhvMZvcPvi Ki vi Avi - KvbvDcvqAvgvi nvZwQj bv| Bnvi c~eKvbvw`bMvwoI Pwo
bvBevwoi evwni I nBbvB, ZvBmZhLbzj - c_i gYevwUK AwZkqvw - Aj sKvi cZnB
AZzj Kwi qvZzwj Z j vwMj ZLb Ni Avi gb wKQzZBwUwKZ Pvwnj bv| whwb Avgvì wkK
wQj bwZwbAvgvi gvnwebvk Kwi evi Rbcej PcUvNvZmnGBmvi Mf K_vwUewj qvwQj b, GLb
zj hvevi RbhgbKuvw`ZQ, bvhvevi RbBnvi PqAbKewkKuvw`ZnBe| mBwkKi
bvgavg AvKwZcKwZ Avgvi wKQzB gb bvB| wKy mB i yevK I i yZi PcUvNvZ gb
RvwMZQ| GZeovAe_f wel `&evYxRxebAvi - Kvbw`bKYMvPi nqbvB|
Kvbvi Rvi I wi qUvj mwgbvwi ZAKvj f i wZnBj vg| mLvbKxwkvj vf Kwi j vggbbvBwKy
GKUvkvmbcYvj xi K_vgb AvQ| covewj Z bvcvwi j Qj K e ùvo Ki vBqvZvnvi `yB
cmvwi Z nvZi Dci Kvmi AbKwj mU GK Kwi qvPvcvBqvÌ qvnBZ| Gi ~c avi Yvkw i
Af vmevwni nBZAi mvwi ZnBZcvi wKbvZvnvgb we`&w`Mi Avj vP|
Ggwb Kwi qvwbZv wkkyeqmBAvgvi covAvi nBj | PvKi ì gnj h- mKj eBcPwj Z wQj
Zvnvj BqvB Avgvi mvwnZPPvi m~ cvZ nq| Zvnvi ga PvYKkvKi evsj vAbyev` I Kwevm-
i vgvqYBcavb| mBi vgvqYcovi GKUvw`bi Qwegb RvwMZQ|
mw`b gNj vKwi qvQ; evwni evwoZ i v vi avi i j ^vevi v`vUvZ Lwj ZwQ| gb bvB, mZKx
Kvi Y AvgvK f q`LvBevi RbnVvr cywj kgvbcywj kgvbKwi qvWvwKZ j vwMj | cywj kgvbi
KZem^ AZ gvUvgywUi Kgi GKUvai YvAvgvi wQj | AvwgRvwbZvgGKUvj vKK Aci vax
ewj qvZvnvì nvZwèvgv B, Kzwgi hgbLuvR- KvUvùvZi gawkKvi K we Kwi qvRj i Zj
A`k nBqvhvq, Zgb Kwi qvnZf vMK Pvwcqvawi qvAZj k_vbvi ga AwnZ nI qvB
cywj kKgPvi xi ^vf vweK ag| Gi ~c wbgg kvmbwewa nBZ wbi ci va evj Ki cwi vY Kv_vq, Zvnv
f vweqvbvcvBqvGKevi Atcyi ò w`j vg; cvZZvnvi vAbymi YKwi ZQGBAf qAvgvi
mg c`kKKzwZKwi qvZzwj j | gvKwMqvAvgvi Avmbwecì msev` RvbvBj vg; ZvnvZZuvnvi
wekl DrKvi j Y cKvk cvBj bv| wKy, Avwg evwni hvI qvwbi vc` eva Kwi j vg bv| w`w`gv,
Avgvi gvZvi KvbvGK mKLywo, h Kwevmi i vgvqY cwoZb mB gvej KvMR- gwZ
KvYQuov- gj vU- I qvj vgwj b eBLvwb Kvj j Bqvgvqi Ni i vi i KvQcwoZ ewmqvMj vg|
myL Atcyi i AvwObvNwi qvPKvb evi v`v; mBevi v`vqgNvQbAvKvk nBZ Aci vni vb
Avj vAvwmqvcwoqvQ| i vgvqYi Kvbv- GKUvKi yYeYbvqAvgvi PvL w`qvRj cwoZQ`wLqv,
w`w`gvRvi Kwi qvAvgvi nvZnBZeBUvKvwoqvj BqvMj b|
(- i ex`bv_ VvKzi)
5.7 evsj v`ki Kl K
m~Pbv: evsj v`k Kwl cavb`k| G`ki kZKi vcvq50f vMj vK Kl K| Kl Ki AKv cwi kgG
`k f i I Vdmj i mgvi vn| Avgi vcvBzavi Avnvi | Kl Ki Drcvw`Z dmj we`k i dZvwb
Ki `ki A_bxwZ mg nq| ej Z Mj , Kl KBAvgvì RvZxq Dbqbi PvweKvwV; Avgvì
RvwZi cvY| Kwei f vl vq:
wbwgwZ 123
memvaKi eo mvaKAvgvi `ki Pvl v,
`k gvZvi Bgyw Kvgx, `ki mhAvkv|
Kl Ki AZxZ BwZnvm: cvPxbKvj G`k RbmsLvwQj Kg, Rwg wQj ewk| Dei vRwgZ cPzi
dmj nZv| ZLbkZKi v85RbBwQj Kl K| Zvì Mvj vf i vavb, Mvqvj f i vMi yAvi cyKzi f i v
_vKZgvQ| Zvì RxebwQj myLxI mg| Zvi ci Gj veMxi AZvPvi , wdwi w-cZzwMRRj `myì
wbhvZb, Bsi Rì LvRbvAv`vqi m~hv AvBb, kvl Y I wbcxob| Gj vgî , gnvgvi x| Mvg-
evsj vDRvo nj v| Kl K wbt^ nqMj | m`kvj xKl K cwi YZnj vf wgnxbPvwl Z| `vwi `ZvK
KvYVvmvKi j | Kl Ki RxebnqDVj e`bv`vqK| Kwei yi ex`bv_ VvKzi i f vl vq:
hZZvi Pvc f vi
ewnPj g`MwZhZY_vKcvYZvi
Zvi ci mvbi w`qhvqesk esk awi
... ay`ywUAbLuywUKvbgZK-wKcvY
i L `qeuvPvBqv|
Gf veBGKKvj i myLxI mg Kl Ki Mi egqRxeb-BwZnvmAKvi nvwi qhvq|
eZgvbAev: evsj vi i vRbwZK BwZnvmi AbK cwi eZbnqQ| evsj v`k ^vaxbZvj vf Ki Q|
wKy evOvwj Kl Ki Dv , Amnvq I wel YRxebi Kvbvi ~cvi NUwb| evsj vi Kl K AvRv
wkvnxb, enxb, wPwKrmvnxb Rxeb-hvcb Ki Q| `ki RbmsLveoQ, KgQKwl Rwgi
cwi gvY| Rwgi Dei ZvI MQKg| dj evowZ gvbyl i Lv` hvMvbvi kw nvwi qQG`ki
Kl K| cw_exRyo Pvl vev` cwZi cwi eZbNUQ| evwbK cwZZDbZ`k Kl Ki kw ew
Ki Q| wKy G`k GLbvgvvZvi Avgj i Pvl vev` eevenvj AvQ| evsj vi Kl KI f uvZvj vOj
Avi Kj vj mvi `yUvej ì cQbNyi ZNyi Zwbt^ nqhvQ| GQvovAbvew, AwZew, ebv,
cvKwZK `yhvM- KvbvwKQzBgvKvej vKi vi Kkj I mvg_Kl Ki bB| Zeaxi axi GB
Aevi cwi eZbNUQ| Kwl ZAvaywbK chyw I DbZcwZcqvMi i yZevoQ| mcwZevsK,
mgevqmwgwZevgnvRbi FYi UvKvqAvi DPdj bkxj exRi mvnvhKwl Zdj beoQ| wKy
Zi dmj Kl Ki Ni I Vvi AvMBevsK, mgevqcwZvb wKsevgnvRbi FY cwi kva Ki Z
nq| ZvBKl Ki myL-^cAai vB_K hvq| Kwl evsj v`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi cavb Aej ^b
nj I Kl Ki kvPbxqAevi cwi eZbnqbv| GLbvZvi vbvbvi vM-kvK, Awkv-Kzwkv, `vwi `
I Kzmsvi i wei y j ovBKi Q|
Kl Ki Dbqb : evsj v`k Kwl wbf i `k| `kxqA_bxwZZ Kwl i Ae`vbI h_ Zvrchc~Y| ZvB
`ki Dbqbi ^v_Kl Ki Dbqb mvab Ki vì Kvi | evsj vi Kl Ki f vMvbqbi Rb AvR
mePqewk ì Kvi Pvl vev` evwbK cwZi ceZb| wbRi RwgZ Kl K hb ^ g~j DbZ
exR, i vmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK cvqZvi eevKi v| cqvRb Kl KK my`gy FY c`vb Ki Z
ne| Avevi Kl K Zvi dmj i hb bvh `vg cvq mw`KI Lqvj i vLZ ne| Avgvì `ki
AwaKvsk Kl KBAwkwZ| Zvì wkwZKi Zzj Zne| AvaywbK Kwl -hcvwZeenvi Ki vi Rb
ZvK cwkYw`Zne| mvi veQi Kl Ki KvR_vK bv| ZvBZvi Aemi mgqUzKzA_c~YKi vi Rb
KzwUi wk mKZvK AvMnxKi Zzj Z ne| mB m Kl Ki wPwebv`b I i vM-evwai
wPwKrmvi I mye`ve Ki Zne|
Dcmsnvi : evsj vi Kl Ki vBevOvwj RvwZi gi y`| evsj v`ki A_bxwZi cvYkw Zvi v| ZeyI Kl Ki v
eKvj ai Aenwj Z| wekl Ki Zvì mvgvwRK ghv`vGLbvwbggvbi | Gwel q Avgvì
mKj i mPZb `w Ì qvcqvRb| Kl K I Kwl K i yZw`j B Avgvì A_bxwZi PvKvmPj
_vKe| `ki `vwi ``~i ne| evsj vi Ni Ni dzUDVe^vQì Qwe| ej vhvq, Kl Ki AvZvi
f Zi Bj ywKqAvQAvgvì mgw I cvPzhi exR|
5.8 `bw`bRxebwevb
m~Pbv: eZgvb hyMwevbi hyM| AvR wevb Avgvì KvQwbkvm-ckvmi gZvB Acwi nvh|
Avgvì `bw`bRxebGKUvgyn~ZI wevbi mvnvhQvovAvgi vPj Z cvwi bv| GLbh-Kvbv
ai bi Rxebhv vqAf gvbyl Bwevbi Dci wbf i kxj | mKvj Nyg_KDVi vZNygvZhvI qv
ch hveZxq KvRKgi gawevbi Ae`vb j Yxq| ej vhvq, GLb wevbBgvbyl i cvZwnK
Rxebi wbqK|
`bw`b Rxeb wevb : wevbK ev` w`q gvbyl i GKwUgyn~ZI K bvKi vhvq bv| GLb cwZ
gyn~Z, cwZc`c mf -gvbyl wevbi mvnvhwbqRxeb-avi YKi Q| GBhemwj LwQ nvZi
Kj g I Kvwj , j Lvi KvMR, GgbwK emvi RvqMvwUZ ch wevbi cf ve i qQ| Avgvì c_-
NvU, Awdm-Av`vj Z, zj -Kj RmeRvqMvqBwevbi Ae`vbAmxg| ayZvBbq, Avgvì Ab,
e, evmvbi GBcv_wgKcqvRbUzKzI wevbvi vwbqwZ| Avgvì `bw`bRxebi cvqcwZwU
KvRBAvgi vwevbi Dci wbf i kxj |
ki Rxebwevb: ki Rxebgvbyl Avi wevbAvwf veRwoZ| kni Avgvì Nygf vO
Gj vgNwoi k| Nyg _K DVw`bi i yKwi Uz_c Avi Uz_evk w`q| Gi ci AvQmsev`c |
Zvi ci MvmA_evwnUvi wKsevvf ZvovZvwo i vbvKi LvB| wi v, AUvwi v, evm, Ub ev
gvUi mvBKj Po Kgj cuQvB| wmuwoi e`j wj dUDVAwdmK hvB| Uwj dvb, Uwj Mvg,
dv , B-gBj , BUvi bUBZvwì mvnvh`~i -`~i v Lei cvVvB| KwDUvi KvRi wel qwj L
wbwgwZ 125
i vwL| Kv `nUvK Avi vgÌ qvi RbGwmwKsevBj KwUK cvLvi wbPewm GBf veBmvi vw`b
wevbi mvnvhAvgi vRxebPvwj qwbqhvwQ| Avevi mvqevwo wdi w`bi AembZv`~i Ki Z
wgDwRK cqvi wKsevwUwf Pvwj qgbUvK mZRi vLZPvKwi | Qj -gqi vKwDUvi Zvì
bvUi vL; KLbvKLbvwf wWI Mgm&Lj | Ggwbf ve Rxebi cwZ c`cBwevbi Ae`vb
Abyf eKwi |
MvgxY Rxeb wevb : hvMvhvMI hvZvqvZi wevbi weqKi Ae`vbi Rb gvbyl AvR
`~i K Ki QwbKUcwZekx| evm, wi v, f vb, mvBKj , gvUi mvBKj meBGLb MvgxY Rxebi
Ask| dj wevbkni RxebK AwZgKi cuQMQMvg| eZgvbMvgRxebI wevbi Dci
wbf i ZveoBPj Q| Uz_c, Uz_evk, wUwf , i wWI , gvevBj dvb, UP, mv, mvevb, cvDWvi ,
Avqbv-wPi ywb, i vmvqwbKmvi , KxUbvkKè, Uvi BZvw` GLbMvgxYgvbyl i `bw`bRxebi m
wgk MQ| kni i gvbyl hgb wbRì Rxebhv vK mnR Ki Z wevbK wbZmxKi Q,
ZgwbMvgi gawe I DPwe gvbyl i RxebI Bj KwUK wnUvi , i vbvi Mvm, cmvi KzKvi , wdR,
I qvwksgwkbBZvw` Acwi nvhnqDVQ|
`bw`b Rxeb wevbi cf vei AcKvwi Zv: `bw`b Rxeb wevbi Dci AwZgv vq wbf i Zv
gvbyl i AbK wZ Ki Q| hi Dci AwZwi wbf i Ki Z wMqgvbyl cwi kg-wegyL nqDVQ|
gvbwmK cwi kgi Zzj bvqkvi xwi K cwi kg Kg Ki Q| dj bvbvRwUj i vMAvv nQ| gvbwmK
f vi mvgb nQ| mePq eo K_v, gvbyl i Rxeb Kw gZvNbxf ~Z nQ| gvbyl i mn, gvqv,
ggZvi gZvmYj vnvwi qhvQ| gvbyl gvbyl wef ` evoQ| wevb-wbf i hkw i Dci A
AvvvcbKi ZwMqgvbyl hvwKnqDVQ|
Dcmsnvi : Avgvì `bw`bRxebi bvbvcqvRbxqe AvRGKevi nvZi gyVvqGbw`qQ
wevb| mKvj _K mv, Avevi mv_K mKvj ch hvwKQzAvgvì cqvRbxq Zvi meB
wevbi Ae`vb| wevb AvR Avgvì wbZmnPi | wevb Avgvì Rxeb-hvcbK Ki QmnR-
mi j | Ze`bw`b Rxeb wevbi cf ve ayhKj vYKi QZvbq, AbK wZI Ki Q| ZvB
wevbi Aceenvi bvKi Avgvì Avi vmPZbnZne|
5.9 Qv Rxebi `vwqZI KZe
f ~wgKv: gvbeRxebi mePqi yZc~YmgqnQQv Rxeb| Gmgqhf vewbRK Mo Zvj vnq,
mvi vRxebmi Kgdj cvI qvhvq| Qv RxebK ej vnqc wZi Rxeb| vb-wevbi i vRwePi Y
Ki wbRK hvM wnme Mo Zzj Z nq GB Qv RxebB| myZi vs eni Rxebi cUf ~wgZ
Qv Rxebi `vwqZI KZeAbK|
Qv Rxeb: KwemZ`bv_ èj Qb:
wekRvovcvVkvj vgvi
mevi AvwgQv ,
bvbvf vebZzbwRwbm
wkLwQwèvi v |
gvbyl mvi vRxebwKQzbvwKQzkL| ZvBeni A_gvbyl i MvUvRxebUvBQv Rxeb| wKy Qv Rxeb
ej Z Avgi veywS, zj , Kj R I wekwe`vj qi cvwZvwbK wkvRxebK| Rxeb MVbi Rb
gvbyl K GKwUwekl mgq AvbyvwbK wkvMnY Ki Z nq| g~j Z wkvcwZvb Aaqbi GB
mgqUzKzBgvbyl i Qv Rxeb|
Qv Rxebi j : Qv bsAaqbsZct AaqbBnQQv ì GKgv Zcmv| Qv Rxebi c_g
I cavbj nj vAaqbI vbARb| Qv -Qv xì KVvi cwi kgI Zcmvi gvagvbARb
AvZwbqvMKi Z ne| f wel Z `k I RvwZK myzf ve cwi Pvj bvKi vi i y`vwqZZvì I ci B
AwcZne| mi y`vwqZenbKi vi RbQv xì Dchy wkvqwkwZnZne|
Qv Rxebi KZe : vbvRb AvZwbqvMBGKRb Qv i cavb KZe| GRb GKRb wkv_xK
cvVcy Ki evBi Avi vAbK ewk covkvbvKi Znq| Avi Gf veBcKZvbvRbi mv_ mv_
ZvKgvbe-Pwi i bvbvweamr-Yvewj I ARbKi Znq| hgb:
1. Pwi MVb: Pwi nQgvbeRxebi gyKzUî ~c| Qv ì GKwUcavbKvRnj vPwi MVb| ZvB
GmgqcZKQv i BmZevw`Zv, mnvbyf ~wZ, mnhvwMZv, ci vcKvi , D`vi Zv, ah, mshg, `kcg
cf wZ m`&Y Avq Ki Z ne| me i Kg Am`&Y I e`-Af vm_K `~i _vKvI GKRb Qv i
AbZgKZe|
2. wbqgvbyewZZv: kLj vQvovgvbeRxebmyì f veMo DVZcvi bv| GBkLj vevwbqgvbyewZZv
Qv RxebBARbKi Znq| GYARbi I ci Zvi f wel Zi mvdj wbf i Ki |
3. mgqvbyewZZv: mgqwbvGKwUeo Y| hgvbyl mgqi g~j w`Z Rvb bv, mRxeb DbwZ
Ki Zcvi bv| ZvBQv Rxeb_KBmgqwbvi Af vmKi Zne, mgqi g~j w`Zne|
4. Aaemvq: Qv ì Aj mZvZvMKi cwi kgxnZne| `LvhvqAbK gavexQv I Aj mZvi
Kvi Y ci xvqf vj vdj vdj Ki Z e_nq| Avevi AbK Kg gavi Qv ayAaemvqI cwi kg
vi vAvkvZxZmvdj ARbKi PgKmw Ki | ZvBQv RxebAaemvqi i yZAcwi mxg|
5. Lj vayj vI evqvg : ^vBmKj myLi g~j | Avi my ki xi evmKi my gb| ki xi my bv
_vKj wbqwgZ j Lvcovnqbv| ZvBkvi xwi K I gvbwmK myZvi RbQv ì wbqwgZ Lj vayj vI
evqvgPPvKi vLyeRi ywi |
wbwgwZ 127
6. mn-wkvKvhgAskMnY: Qv ì j Lvcovi cvkvcvwk Abvbmn-wkvKvhgI AskMnYKi v
cqvRb| weZKcwZhvwMZv, DcwZe Zv, Avew, wP vb, Mvb, bvP, Awf bqBZvw`ZI ZvK
Ask wbZne|
Qv Rxebi `vwqZ: Qv Rxebi `vwqZi `ywUw`K i qQ| GKwUnQwbRi RxebK hvMKi
Mo Zvj v, Aci wUnQ`k I RvwZi RbwbRK c Z Ki v| wbRK hvMKi Zvj vi `vwqZ
h_vh_f ve cvj b Ki Z cvi j Bew I RvwZ Df qi BKj vY nq| Qv i v`k I RvwZi f wel r
KYavi , Avkv-AvKvvi cZxK; wkvI mswZi avi K I evnK| ZvB`ki RvZxqDbqbmPZb
bvMwi K wnme Qv ì `vwqZmePq ewk| AZxZ RvwZi msKUKvj Qv mgvRBAMeZxwPvi
cw_Kr nqGwMqGmQ| gyw hy Qv mgvRi AskMnYwQj LyeBDj LhvM| f wel ZI RvwZi
msKU-mgmvqSuvwcqco `k I RvwZKi vKi vi KvRQv mgvRKB`vwqZwbZne|
cZK Qv KBgvZvwcZvi cwZkv, f vB-evb, AvZxq-^Rbì cwZf vj vevmv, cvov-cwZekxì
cwZ mRbcKvk Ki Z ne| mncvVxì mezZc~YmKi vLZ ne| wkK I i yRbì
mvbKi Zne| ag-eYwbwekl mevi mcxwZI HKeRvqi vLZne|
Dcmsnvi : gvbyl i f wel r Rxebi wf w MwVZ nqQv Rxeb| Avevi `k I RvwZi f wel r wbf i
Ki Qv ì I ci | ZvBQv Rxebi KZeI `vwqZwVKf veDcj w Ki Zvh_vh_f vecvj bKi v
cwZwUQv i BDwPZ| GZ`k I RvwZi Kj vYGesDbwZmvabnq|
5.10 kgi ghv`v
m~Pbv: KgBRxeb| mwi mg cvYxKBwbR wbR KvRi gvag euP_vKZ nq| Qvwcuco
_K wekvj nvwZ ch mevBKBcwi kgKi Z nq| cwi kgvi vBgvbyl AbvbcvYx_K wbRK
Avj v`vKi Q| cwi kgi gvagBgvbyl wbRi f vMe`j Q| Gese eQi i kg I mvabvvi v
cw_exK myì I mg Ki Zzj Q| ej vhvq, gvbyl I mf Zvi hveZxq AMMwZi g~j i qQ
cwi kgi Ae`vb|
kg Kx: kgi Avwf avwbK A_nQgnbZ, `wnK LvUzwb| mvavi YZ h-KvbvKvRBnj vkg|
cwi kg nQGcw_exZ euP _vKvi msMvgi cavb nvwZqvi | cwi kgi vi vBMo DVQwekI
gvbe-mf Zvi weRq- |
kgi kwYwef vM: kg`yBcKvi : gvbwmK kgI kvi xwi K kg| wkK, Wv vi , evwbK, mvsevw`K,
Awdmi KgPvi xkwYi gvbyl hai bi kg w`q_vKb mwUK ej gvbwmK kg| Avevi Kl K,
kwgK, ZuvwZ, Rj , gRyi kwYi gvbyl i kgnQkvi xwi K kg| ckvevKvRi ai bAbymvi GK
GK kwYi gvbyl i cwi kg GK GK ai bi nq| Ze kg kvi xwi K evgvbwmK hv-BnvK bvKb
Df qi wgwj Zcwi kgBMo DVQgvbe-mf Zv|
kgi cqvRbxqZv: gvbyl wbRB wbRi f vMweavZv| Zvi GB f vMK wbgvY Ki Z nq KVvi
cwi kgi gvag| ZvBgvbeRxebcwi kgi cqvRbxqZvAcwi mxg| KgwegyL Aj mgvbyl Kvbvw`b
DbwZj vf Ki Zcvi bv| cwi kgQvovRxebi DbwZK bvgv | RxebAvZcwZvj vf Ki Znj
wbi j mcwi kgì Kvi | cw_exZhRvwZhZewk cwi kgx, mRvwZZZewk DbZ| ZvBew MZI
RvZxqchvqcwZwZnZnj gvbyl K cwi kgxnZne| GKgv cwi kgBgvbyl i RxebK myì
I mv_KKi Zzj Zcvi |
kgi ghv`v: gvbyl i Rbmvi Aaxb, wKy Kggvbyl i Aaxb| Rxeb-avi Yi ZvwM` gvbyl bvbv
KgwbqvwRZnq| Kl K dmj dj vq, ZuvwZKvco evb, Rj gvQai , wkK Qv covb, Wv vi
wPwKrmvKi b, wevbxAvwevi Ki b| Gui vcZKB gvbeZvi Kj vY KvR Ki hvQb|
cw_exZ KvbvKvRB QvUbq| Av_-mvgvwRK c`ghv`vq nqZvmevB mgvb bq| wKy Gì
cZKi Bgav, gbb, NvgI kgmf ZvGwMqwbqPj Q| ZvBmKj i kgi cwZBAvgvì
mgvbghv`vI kv_vKvDwPZ| DbZwekKvbvKvRKBZzQKi vnqbv| mgvRi cwZwUj vK
wbRi KvRK i yZw`qKi vi PvKi | ZvBPxb, Rvcvb, Kvwi qv, i vwkqv, Bsj v, Avgwi Kv,
dv, KvbvWvcf wZi gZv`k DbwZi Pi g wkLi DVQ| Avgvì `k kvi xwi K kgK wekl
ghv`vi PvL `Lvnq bv| Zvi dj AvRvmyRj v-mydj v-km-kvgj v`ki AwaevmxnqI Avgi v
Pi g`vwi ì gaemevmKwi |
cwi kgmf vMi cm~wZ: mf vMAvKvk _K co bv| Rxebmf vMARbi RbcPzi cwi kgI
wbi i mvabvi ì Kvi nq| megvbyl i gamy cwZf vAvQ| cwi kgi vi vmBmy cwZf vK
RvwMqZzj Znq| hgvbyl KgK Rxebi eZwnmeMnYKi Q, RxebmsMvgZvi BnqQRq|
Kgi cwZ wbew`Z-cvY ew Rxeb mdj mwbK nZ cvi | Kgnxb ew mgvRi evSvî ~c|
Abw`K kgkxj ZvBgvbeRxebi mf vMi PvweKvwV| Avgvì Rxeb DbwZ Ki Z nj , Rxeb
myLxnZnj cwi kgi weK bB|
Dcmsnvi : cwi kg aymf vMi wbqK bq, mf ZvweKvki I mnvqK| gvbe-mf Zvi DbwZ-
AMMwZZkgi Ae`vbAb^xKvh| Avgi v^vaxb-mvef gevsj v`ki bvMwi K| mvbvi evsj vMovi ^c
I mvabvAvgvì | ZvBKvbvcKvi kg_K Avgvì gyL wdwi q_vKj Pj ebv| kgweRq-i _
Po Avgvì DbZmf Zvi wmsnvi cuQZne|
wbwgwZ 129
5.11 cvVvMvi i cqvRbxqZv
m~Pbv: gvbyl i Ab wRvmv, AmxgKZ~nj | Zvi GBAb wRvmv, Anxbvbai i vL eB|
Avi eBmsMnxZ_vKcvVvMvi | cvVvMvi nj vmvwnZ, BwZnvm, ag, `kb, wevbBZvwì GKwekvj
msMnkvj v| i ex`bv_ VvKzi i f vl vq: GLvbf vl vPzc Kwi qvAvQ, cevnwi nBqvAvQ, gvbevZvi
Agi Avj vK Kvj vAi i kLj KvMRi Kvi vMvi euvavcwoqvAvQ| cvVvMvi i eBqi f vvi
mwZnqAvQgvbemf Zvi kZkZeQi i BwZnvmi `q- `b|
cvVvMvi Kx: cvVvMvi ej ZBAvgvì PvLi mvgbf mI VGgbGKwUevwo evNi , hLvbAbK
eBmsMnI msi wZ_vK| cvVvMvi i kvwK cwZk nQcy KvMvi , MvMvi evj vBewi | kLi
gahgbmgyì k kvbvhvq, cvVvMvi i gaZgwbgvbyl i `qi D vb-cZbi awbkvbv
hvq| cvVK GLvbkcvqmf Zvi GK kvkZavi vi , Abyf eKi gnvmgyì kZkZeQi i Kj vj
awb, bZ cvq RMZi GK gnvHKZvbi myi | ZvBcvVvMvi evj vBewi nQgvbyl i AZxZ,
eZgvbI f wel Zi mZzeb|
cvVvMvi i BwZnvm: cvVvMvi i BwZnvmek cyi bv| gy`Yh Avwevi i AbKKvj AvM_KB
cvVvMvi i cPj b wQj | ZLb gvbyl Zvi vb mwZ Ki i vLZ cv_i , cvovgvwU, cvnvoi Mv,
cvwci vm, f ~Rc evPvgovq| Avi Gj vmsi Y Ki vnZvj LKi wbRi evwoZ, gwì -
Dcvmbvj qGesi vRKxqf eb| wLi Rbi cvqcuvP nvRvi eQi AvMwgki cvVvMvi i Aw Z
wQj | cvPxbwMmI cvVvMvi wQj ej cgvYi qQ| f vi ZcvPxbKvj cwZì ew MZcvVvMvi wQj |
ci eZxKvj e wenvi mnwewf bDcvmbvj q, bvj `vwekwe`vj qI wegkxj vqmg cvVvMvi Mo
I V| GQvovAvwmwi qv, Avj KRvw`qv, evM`v`, `vg, Pxb, wZeZmn evb cw_ex-weLvZ
cvVvMvi i mvbcvI qvhvq|
cvVvMvi i weKvk : AvaywbK Kvj wevbi mnvqZvq DbZ cvVvMvi cwZwZ nqQ| wekweLvZ
cvVvMvi i ga j bi wewUk wgDwRqvg, gvi j wbb j vBewi , dvi wee&wj I w_K&bvrwmI bvj
j vBewi , I qvwksUbi j vBewi Ae KsMm, Kj KvZvi bvkbvj j vBewi Dj LhvM| Avgvì `k
XvKvqK`xqcvewj K j vBewi cwZwZ nq1953mvj | GBj vBewi i mnhvwMZvq`ki wewf b
vb mi Kvwi -emi Kvwi chvq kZvwaK cvVvMvi cwi Pvwj Z nQ| GQvovXvKvq evsj vGKvWgx
MvMvi , XvKvwekwe`vj qMvMvi , RvZxqMK`, GwkqvwUK mvmvBwUj vBewi , wewUk KvDwj
j vBewi , i vRkvnxi ei `wgDwRqvg, Lyj bvi DgkP`wZ MvMvi mwekl Dj LhvM| eZgvb
weki wewf b`k vggvY cvVvMvi vcb Ki gvbyl i vb wccvmvPwi Zv_Ki vi cPvAvi v
eMevb nqQ| XvKvi wekmvwnZ Kèvsj v`k vggvY cvVvMvi i cPj b Ki Avj vwKZ gvbyl
Movi KvRwbi j mPvPvwj qhvQ|
cvVvMvi i kwYwef vM: wek bvbvi Kg cvVvMvi i qQ| Zvi ga ew MZ cvVvMvi , cvwi evwi K
cvVvMvi , mvavi YcvVvMvi , RvZxqcvVvMvi Dj LhvM| ew MZI cvwi evwi K cvVvMvi i cwi mi mxwgZ|
mvavi Y cvVvMvi memvavi Yi Rb Dby , ZvBGi cwi mi AbK evcK I we Z| zj , Kj R,
wekwe`vj qi Qv -wkKi cqvRbhcvVvMvi Mo I Vmj vcvwZvwbK cvVvMvi | weki cwZwU
`kBi vxqf veI cvVvMvi vcbKi vnq_vK| Gj vBRvZxqcvVvMvi |
cvVvMvi i cqvRbxqZv: gvbyl i ki xi i Rb hgb Lvì ì Kvi , Zgwb gbi LvÌ Zvi
cqvRb| GBcqvRb gUvZ cvi cvVvMvi | cvVvMvi gvbyl i Kv, eyf yzgbK Avb` `q| Zvi
vb cmvi i ywPeva RvMZ Ki | cvVvMvi msMnxZ _vK bvbvgZ I c_i eB| i ex`bv_ VvKzi i
f vl vq : j vBewi i ga Avgi vmnmc_i Pgv_vi Dci ùvovBqvAvwQ| Kvb c_ Ab mgy`
wMqvQ, Kvbc_ Ab wkLi DwVqvQ, Kvbc_ gvbe`qi AZj kKwi qvQ| hhw`K BQv
avegvbnI Kv_vI evavcvBebv| gvbyl Avcbvi cwi vYK GZUzKzRvqMvi gaeuvavBqvi vwLqvQ|
mg cvVvMvi meai bi cvVKi vbZvwbevi YKi ; gvbyl i bwZK Pwi MVbAe`vbi vL|
eB QvovcKZ gbyl Zj vf Ki vhvq bv| ZvB cvVvMvi i gvagB GKwURvwZ DbZ, wkwZ I
mswZevb RvwZ wnme Mo I V| RvZxqRxeb ZvBcvVvMvi i cqvRbxqZvI i yZAcwi mxg|
cvVvMvi i cqvRbxqZvmKwePvi cwZ nvweeyi i ngvbi e e i yZc~Y: MvMvi i gvag
gvbyl i gaMo I VmsnwZhv`k MovwKsevi vi KvRi vL Ag~j Ae`vb| eBcovi hAvb`
gvbyl i gb, ZvKRvMZKi Zzj ZAvRmecvVvMvi i evcKcmvi cqvRb|
Dcmsnvi : cvVvMvi gvbemf Zvi AMMwZi avi vevwnKBwZnvm, gvbe-`qi wgj b | my mswZi
we vi NUvZ cvVvMvi GKv Acwi nvh| zj -Kj Ri Dci cvVvMvi i vb| RvwZi cKZ vbvRb
I cvYkw i ewi Rbzj -Kj Ri gZv`ki meLvbcvVvMvi cwZvKi vAvRAZ Ri ywi |
5.12KggyLxwkv
m~Pbv: wkvRvwZi gi y`| wkvQvovRxebAc~Y| wKy hwkvev eRxebKvRj vMbv, m
wkvA_nxb| Gai bi wkvqcwi evi , mgvRI i vi evSvevo| ZvBRxebwf wK wkvBcKZ
wkv| Avi Rxebi mv_ m hwkvmwUBKggyLxwkv| GKgv KggyLxwkvBnQAvgvì
ev eRxebi mnvqK|
wbwgwZ 131
KggyLxwkvKx: KggyLxwkvnQGKRb ew K Zvi AvZcwZvqmnvqZvKi vi j wekl
KvbvKgcwkwZKi Zvj v| A_vr hwkveevqgvbyl KvbvGKwUwel qnvZ-Kj gwkv
j vf Ki Ges wkvkl RxweKvRbi hvMZvARb Ki , ZvKB KggyLxwkvej | KggyLx
wkvKKvwi Mwi evewg~j KwkvI ej vnq_vK|
KggyLxwkvi cKvi f ` : KggyLxwkvhvwK wkvbq| RxebgyLxwkvi cwi gj BZvi Aevb|
ZvBcwi c~YI mvgwMK Rxebevai Avj vK KggyLxwkv`yBf vMwef | GKwUnj v DPZi
KggyLxwkv| GwUZhvi vwevbwel qcvi `kxZvi v wewf bKj R, wekwe`vj q_K DPZi wWwM
ARb Ki Wv vi , Bwwbqvi , Kwl we` BZvw` ^vaxb ckvMnY Ki Z cvi | PvKwi i Avkvq em
_vKZ nq bv| Avi KwUnj v mvavi Y KggyLxwkv| Gi RbKj R, wekwe`vj qi DPwkvi
ì Kvi nqbv| cv_wgK evgvawgK wkvBh_| mvavi YKggyLxwkvi gaco Kvgvi , Kzgvi ,
ZuvwZ, `wR, Kj Kvi Lvbvi Kvwi Mi , gvUi Mvwo gi vgZ, Nwo-i wWI -wUwf -wdR gi vgZ, QvcvLvbvI
euvavBqi KvR, Pvgovi KvR, Mvwd AvUm, Bj KwUK wgw, KvVwgw, i vRwgw, grmPvl , nuvm-
gyi wMcvj b, bvmvwi , av xwe`vBZvw`| GwkvqwkwZnj Kvi vBeuP_vKvi Rbf veZnqbv|
KggyLxwkvi cqvRbxqZv: gvbyl i gavI gbbK weKwkZ Ki vi Rb cqvRb wkvi | ZvB
gvbyl K mBwkvBMnYKi vDwPZ, hwkvZvi A_bwZK I mvgvwRK Rxebavi vi DbqbKvhKi x
f ~wgKvi vLZmgnq| evsj v`ki AwkvI Acwi Kw Zcyuw_MZwkveevi Kvi Ycvqò KvwU
j vK Kgnxb| G`yi ev_K gyw cZ cwi Kw Z I evwbK DcvqRxeb m I DcvRbg
KggyLxwkveevceZb Ri ywi | KggyLxwkvAvZKgmsvbi bvbvmyhvMmw Ki | ew K
^vej ^xKi Zvj | Gwkvew I `kK eKvi Zi Awf kvc _K gyw `q| `ki A_bwZK
Dbqb I `vwi `wegvPb mwq f ~wgKvcvj b Ki | KggyLxwkvq ` Rbkw K Avgi vwe`k
cvwVqcPzi e`wkK gy`vARbKi Zcvwi | eZgvbweki mv_ Zvj wgwj qAvgvì `kI KggyLx
wkveevK wk , wevb, Kvwi Mwi Dbqb I AMMwZ mvabi DchvMxKi Zvj vAwbevhf ve
cqvRbxqnqcoQ|
KggyLxwkvi cmvi : KggyLxwkvi i yZAvRme ^xKZ| Gi gvagnvZ-Kj gwkvMnYKi
wkv_xi vckvMZKvRi hvMZvARbKi Ges` KgxwnmeKg hvM`q| KggyLxwkv
cmvi I DrKl mvabwebvKvbvRvwZi Kwl , wk , Kj -Kvi Lvbv, AbvbDrcv`bGesKvwi Mwi
DbwZ me bq| evsj v`k KggyLxwkvi gBmcmvwi Z nQ| `k cKkj , wevb I
chyw Ges Kwl wekwe`vj q; cwj UKwbK I f vKkbvj Uwbs BbwwUDU; j `vi I U UvBj
UKbvj wR Kj R, Mvwd AvUm&Kj R BZvw` cwZwZ nqQ| Gj vKggyLxwkvcmvi f ~wgKv
i vLQ| wKy cqvRbi Zzj bvqZvAAcZzj | ZvBAvgvì `k mi Kvi I RbMYi mwqcPvq
Avi vAbK KggyLxwkvcwZvb Mo Zvj vì Kvi | eZgvb gvawgK i KggyLxwkvcmvi i
ek wKQzi yZc~Yc`c MnYKi vnqQ| Gi gazj I gv`&i vmvqbegI `kgkwYZ
ewmKUWKvmPvj y, Kwl wevb, wk , mgvRKj vYI Mvnwevbwel qwnmeAf z ; cwj UwbK
BbwwUDUWej wkdUPvj yBZvw` Dj LhvM|
Dcmsnvi : evsj v`k wecyj RbmsLvi `k| KggyLxwkvi gvagGRbmsLvK Rbkw Z i ~cvi
Ki vme| ` Rbkw `ki m`; Dbqbi g~j PvweKvwV| ZvBAvgvì `k AZ i yZi mv_
evcKf veKggyLxwkvi cmvi NUvbvì Kvi |
5.13 Aaemvq
m~Pbv: e_ZvKDPvq bv| mevB mvdj LuvR| wKy KDB me KvR GKevi mdj nq bv|
mdj Zvi Rb evi evi PvKi Z nq| KvbvKvR mvdj j vf i Rb evi evi GBPvi bvgB
Aaemvq| Aaemvq QvovRxeb DbwZ j vf Ki vhvq bv| AaemvqBnQgvbemf Zvi AMMwZi
PvweKvwV|
Aaemvq Kx: Aaemvq ki Avwf avwbK A_Awei vg mvabv, gvMZ Pv| Kvbvwbw` j
cuQvbvi RbAwei vgmvabvevgvMZPvPvwj qhvI qvK ej Aaemvq| e_Zvqwbi vk bvnq
KVvi cwi kgAvi ahi mv_ Af xj cuQvbvi gaBAaemvqi mv_KZvwbwnZ|
Aaemvqi cqvRbxqZv: e_ZvBmdj Zvi c_g mvcvb| e_Zv_K mvabvi i y, Avi mdj Zvi
gvag Zvi kl | ZvBgvbeRxeb mvabvevAaemvqi weK bB| Aaemvqxgvbyl Amvamvab
Ki Z cvi | GgbwK Aaemvqi YBgvbyl cw_exZ Agi Zj vf Ki Z cvi | ZvBgvbeRxeb
Aaemvqi cqvRbxqZvAcwi mxg|
Qv Rxeb Aaemvq : Qv Rxeb Aaemvqi i yZmePq ewk| Qv RxebBf wel r Movi Dchy
mgq| Gmgq e_nj m~YgvbeRxebBe_Zvq chewmZ nq| h Qv Aaemvqx, mvdj Zvi
nvZi gyVvq| Aj mQv -Qv xgavexnj I covkvbvqKLbvmdj nZ cvi bv| KVvi Aaemvq
QvovKvbvKvRBRqxnI qvhvqbv| Qv RxebBGBmZDcj w Ki wbRK Aaemvqxwnme
Mo Zzj Zne| gbi vLZneKweKvj xcmbNvl i weLvZDw :
cvwi ebvGK_vwUewj I bvAvi ,
Kbcvwi ebvZvnvf veGKevi ,
[...]
wbwgwZ 133
GKevi bvcvwi j `L kZevi |
Aaemvq I cwZf v: Aaemvq cwZf vi Pq AbK eo| gbxl xf j &Zqvi i f vl vq, cwZf vej
KvbvwKQzbB| cwi kgI mvabvKi hvI Zvnj cwZf vK AMvnKi Zcvi e| Wvj Ubej Qb,
j vK AvgvK cwZf vevb ej ; wKy Avwg cwi kg QvovAvi wKQzRvwb bv| wevbxwbDUbi Dw ,
Avgvi Avwevi cwZf v-cm~Z bq, eeQi i AaemvqI wbi ewQbmvabvi dj | G_KBevSv
hvq, AaemvqI cwi kgQvovkyaycwZf vi Kvbvg~j bB| cwZf vevbew i vAaemvqvi vBwbRi
KvRKmymbKi Zvj b| Avevi Aaemvqi vi vAbKcwZf vevbwnmemybvgARbKi b|
Aaemvqi D`vni Y: cw_exZhmegbxl xmvdj i DPwkLi Ai vnYKi Agi Zj vf Ki Qb,
Zuvi vmKj B wQj b Aaemvqx| Uj vi i vRvi evUeymI dvi weLvZ HwZnvwmK Kvj vBj
Aaemvqi k D`vni Y| i evUeymevi evi Bsi Rì KvQci vwRZnqI hy-Rqi AvkvI Pv
ZvMKi bwb| l evi ci vwRZ nq wZwb hy wPvq gMAvQb, Ggb mgq `LZ cj b GKwU
gvKomvevi evi KwoKvVmyZveuvaevi PvKi QGese_nQ| GBf veQqevi e_nqm gevi
gvKomvwUmdj nj v| GB `L i evUeymI m gevi hy Ki Bsi Rì ci vwRZ Ki b Ges
Uj i I ci wbRi AvwacZwe vi Ki b| gbxl xKvj vBj Zuvi j Lvdi vwmwecei BwZnvmi
cvzwj wc GK ezK coZ w`qwQj b| ezi evwoi KvRi gwnj vmwUK evR KvMR f ecywoq
dj b| Kvj vBj GZ GKUzI `g hvbwb| wZwb Avevi PvKi eBLvbvwj L wekevmxK Dcnvi
w`qwQj b| mgvUbcvwj qvb, Avevnvgwj b, wvdvi Kj ^vmcgyL gbxl xi RxebI Aaemvqi
GK wei vUmv| AvPvhRM`xkPèmy, mybxwZKzgvi PvcvavqAaemvqi YBAvR wekweLvZ|
Cki P`we`vmvMi , KvRxbRi yj Bmj vg, myKv f vPvhAaemvqi Dj `v| Avgi vevOvwj gv B
Zuvì RbMweZ|
Dcmsnvi : AaemvqnQRxebmsMvgi g~j ci Yv| GmsMvg mdj ZvI e_ZvDf qBmgvbf ve
Myi yZc~Y| ZeAaemvqxgvbyl Rxebi mee_ZvK mvdj cwi YZ Ki Z cvi | ZvBwbwavqej v
hvq, Rxebmvdj i RbAaemvqi weK bB|
5.14 ^`kcg
m~Pbv: gvbyl ^vf vweKf veBZvi RbvbK f vj vevm| Rbvbi Avj v-Rj -nvI qv, c -cvwL-
meyRcKwZi mv_ Zvi wbweo mKMo I V| Rbvbi cwZwUa~wj KYvZvi KvQgbnqmvbvi
PqI `vwg| mDcj w Ki
wgQvgwYgy v-ng ^`ki wcqcg
Zvi Pqi ZbvBAvi |
gvbyl i GBDcj wBnQ^`kcg|
^`kcgi msv_: ^`kcgA_nQwbRi `ki cwZ, RvwZi cwZ, f vl vi cwZ Mf xi AvKl Y
Abyf eKi v| `ki cwZcej Abyi vM, wbweo f vj vevmvGesh_v_AvbyMZK `kcgej | Rbf ~wgi
^v_me^ ZvMi mvabvB^`kcg|
^`kc gi î ~ c : ^`k A_wbRi `k| wbRi `kK mevB f vj vevm| gvK hgb mevB
wbt^v_ f ve f vj vevm, Zgwb ^`ki c wZI mevi f vj vevmvmKj ^v_ i Ea | c ZK gvby l i B
K_vq, wPvqI KvRc Kvk cvq^`ki c wZwbweo ggZ eva| GBevaevPZbv`qi Mf xi _K
Drmvwi Z| ZvBGWDBb Avb ej wQj b, RxebK f vj vevwmmwZ, wK y `ki Pqewk bq|
ms ZkvKAvQ: RbbxRbf ~ wg ^M v`wc Mi xqmx| A_ vr RbbxI Rbf ~ wg^M i PqI k |
^`kcgi Abyf ~wZ: `k I `ki gvbyl i cwZ`ywbevi AvKl Y_K Rbnq^`kcgi | cw_exi
me RvqMvi AvKvk, Puv`, m~hGK nj I ^`kcgi PZbv_K gvbyl wbRi `ki Puv`-m~h-
AvKvkK Avj v`vf vewPwZ Ki f vj vevm| ^`kcgi Abyf ~wZ mePqewk cKvwkZ nq`ki
^vaxbZvwecbnj | ZLb^`kcgi cej AveMgvbyl wbRi Rxebw`ZI wavKi bv| Kbbv
mRvb, `ki Rbwbtkl cvYhKwi e`vb, qbvBZvi qbvB|
Qv Rxeb^`kcg: Qv i vB`ki I RvwZi f wel r KYavi | `ki DbwZI RvwZi Avkvc~i Yi
Avkqj | ZvB `k I RvwZi cwZ Mf xi ggZeva Qv RxebB RvwMq Zzj Z ne| `kK
f vj vevmvi Dxeb g `xwZ nZ ne| Qv ì `kcg Dy Ki Z cvi j B `ki ^v_
cqvRbRxebDrmMKi vi AvMnmw ne| Zvì KDPvwi Znewe`vnxKwei evYx:
Avgi vi wPf vj vevmvi Avkvi f wel r,
gvì ^M-c_i Avf vm`LvqAvKvk-Qvqvc_|
gvì PvL wekevmxi ^c`LvnvKmdj |
Avgi vQv `j \
evOvwj i ^`kcg: cw_exZ hyMhyMAmsL`kcwgK RbQb| Zuvi v`ki RbRxebDrmM
wbwgwZ 135
Ki Agi nqAvQb| evsj v`kI Zvi ARm`v i qQ| cvPxbKvj _K G`k we`wk kw
cf yZwe vi i PvKi Q, Avi ^`kcwgK evOvwj `ki ^vaxbZvI mvbi v_AKvZi cvY
wemRb w`qQ| 1952 mvj cvwK vwb î -kvmKi nvZ evsj v-f vl vi Rbi wdK, kwdK, mvj vg,
Revi , ei KZi AvZ`vb`kcgi GK bZzbgv vmshvRbKi Q| 1971-Gevsj v`ki
^vaxbZvI mvef gZcwZvi msMvg AvZ`vb Ki QAmsLQv -wkK, Kl K-kwgK, mvsevw`K-
eywRxex, gv-evbmn mvavi Y gvbyl | AKzZvf q kZ-mnmG mwbKi `kcgi `v cw_exi
BwZnvmwei j | GLbvG`ki j KvwURbZv`ki mvgvbwZi mvebvqeRKMRI V|
^`kcgI wekcg: ^`kcgg~j Zwekcgi BGKwUAsk| Kbbvweki megvbyl Bcw_exbvgK
GBf ~Li Awaevmx| ZvB^`kcgi gvagmKj i BwekvZZ, g xI wek-gvbeZvK DPwKZ
Ki Zzj Z ne| Kvi Y wekRbbxi AuvPj -Qvqvq `kRbbxi VuvB| Kwei yi ex`bv_ VvKzi mRbB
MqQb
I Avgvi `ki gvwU, Zvgvi ci VKvBgv_v,
ZvgvZwekgqxi ZvgvZwekgvqi AuvPj cvZv\
Dcmsnvi : `kcg GKwUwbt^v_I wbj vf AvZvbyf ~wZ| KvbvcKvi j vf evj vf i ekeZxnq
`kK f vj vevmvhvqbv| cKZ `kcwgKi KvQ`ki gj BGKgv Kvg| `ki RbZuvi v
me^ `vbKi Zcvi b| Zuvì kh-exhI Pvwi w K `pZvAvengvbKvj ai RvwZK ci YvhvMvq|
KvRBew ^v_bq, `k I RvwZi ^v_Kmevi Dci vbw`Zne| `k Movi KvR, `ki Rb
gj RbKKvRAvgvì mKj Kwbew`ZcvYnZne| mevcwi `kKf vj vevmvi gaw`qmgM
wekKf vj vevmZwkLZne| ZeBAwRZne^`kcgi P~ov mv_KZv|
mgv

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