Chuyn : phng php gii Cc bi ton trng im v axit cacboxylic Bi 1.

. C a gam hn hp X gm mt axit no n chc A v mt este to bi mt axit no n chc B l ng ng k tip ca A v mt ru no n chc. Cho a gam hn hp X tc dng vi lng va NaHCO3, thu c 1,92gam mui. Nu cho a gam hn hp X tc dng vi mt lng va NaOH un nng, thu c 4,38 gam hn hp 2 mui ca axit A v B v 0,03 mol ru, ru ny c t khi hi so vi hidro l 23. t chy hn hp hai mui bng mt lng oxi d th thu c mui Na2CO3, hi nc v 2,128 lt CO2 (ktc). Gi thit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. 1. Cho bit hn hp X gm axit v este no. 2. Tnh a. Bi 2. 1. t chy hon hn hp A gm 2 ru n chc, mch h, k tip trong dy ng ng thu c kh CO2 v hi nc c t l th tch tng ng l 5:7. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 ru. b. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca 2 ru trong hn hp A. 2. Cho dung dch X cha 1 axit hu c no v 1 mui kim loi kim ca n (mui trung ho). Chia dung dch X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 2 phn ng va vi 200ml dung dch NaHCO 3 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c 26,8 gam mui khan. Phn 2 phn ng va vi 100ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca axit hu c v kim loi kim trong mui ca n, bit rng trong phn t axit cha khng qu 2 nhm -COOH. b. Tnh khi lng 2 cht tan trong dung dch X. Bi 3. (Y) l mt hn hp 2 axit hu c (cacboxylic) no n chc. 1. Cho m gam (Y) tc dng tht chm vi 500ml dung dch Na 2CO3 1M khng c kh cacbonic CO2 thot ra. Phi thm ng 350ml dung dch axit HCl 2M vo phn hu ht lng mui cacbonat trong dung dch thu c. 2. t chy hon ton m gam (Y), cho ton b sn phm qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4 c, d v bnh (2) ng KOH d. Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (2) tng nhiu hn bnh (1) 36,4 gam. Hi: a. Tng s mol hn hp axit c trong m gam (Y). b. Cng thc phn t 2 axit bit chng k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. c. Thnh phn % khi lng tng axit trong (Y). Bi 4. Mt hn hp A gm x mol axit cacboxylic n chc, y mol ancol n chc, z mol este to thnh t axit v ancol trn. Chia hn hp ra hai phn bng nhau, mi phn 1,55 gam. t chy hon ton phn th nht, thu c 1,736 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 1,26g nc. Phn th hai phn ng va ht vi 25ml dung dch NaOH 0,50M, thu c p gam cht B v 0,74 gam cht C. Cho ton b C phn ng vi CuO (ly d) th thu c cht D (hiu sut 100%). Cho D phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 gii phng Ag. Lc ly Ag ri ho tan ht trong HNO3 c nng thu c 0,448 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).

a. Tnh x, y, z v p. b. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cc cht trong hn hp A. c. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp A. Bi 5. Hn hp A gm mt axit n chc v mt ru n chc c t l s mol l 1:1. Chia A lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn I cho tc dng vi Na d c 1,344 lt kh (ktc). Phn II un nng vi H 2SO4 (lm xc tc) c 4,4 gam este. Chia lng este ny lm hai phn bng nhau. Mt phn este c t chy hon ton. Cho ton b sn phm chy hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d ng trong bnh th bnh nng thm 6,2 gam, trong 19,7 gam kt ta. Mt phn este c x phng ho hon ton bng NaOH d, thu c 2,05 gam mui natri. 1. Vit phng trnh cc phn ng xy ra. 2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca axit v ru. 3. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng este ho. Bi 6. Hn hp X gm 0,01 mol natri fomiat v a mol 2 mui natri ca 2 axit no, n chc l ng ng lin tip. t chy hn hp X v cho sn phm chy (CO2, hi H2O) ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng KOH thy khi lng bnh 2 tng nhiu hn bnh 1 l 3,51 gam. Phn cht rn Y cn li sua khi t l Na2CO3, cn nng 2,65 gam. 1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn hai mui. 2. Tnh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp X. Bi 7. Cho 50ml dung dch A gm axit hu c RCOOH v mui kim loi kim ca axit tc dng vi 120ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,125M, sau phn ng thu c dung dch B. trung ho Ba(OH)2 d trong B, cn cho thm 3,75 gam dung dch HCl 14,6% sau c cn dung dch thu c 5,4325 gam mui khan. Mt khc, khi cho 50ml dung dch A tc dng vi H 2SO4 d, un nng thu c 1,05 lt hi axit hu c trn (o 136,5oC, 1,12 atm). 1. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong A. 2. Tm cng thc ca axit v ca mui. Bi 8: Hn hp A gm hai axit hu c X v Y mch h (trong X n chc). Nu ly s mol X bng s mol Y ri ln lt cho X tc dng ht vi NaHCO3 v Y tc dng ht vi Na2CO3 th lng CO2 thu c lun bng nhau. t chy hon ton 11,2 gam hn hp A c 15,4 gam CO2. Mt khc trung ho 8,4 gam hn hp A cn 200ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M. a) Tm cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca X v Y bit chng mch thng. b) Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca mi cht trong A? Bi 9: C mt hn hp A gm hai axit X,Y u thuc dy ng ng ca axit khng no, n chc, mch h, cha mt lin kt i. Cho a gam hn hp A tc dng vi 500ml dung dch Na 2CO3 1M, sau phn ng phi dng 350ml dung dch HCl 2M mi phn ng ht vi lng mui cacbonat cn d. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton a gam hn hp A, ri dn ton b sn phm chy qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c, ri qua bnh 2 cha

dung dch NaOH c d, th tng khi lng ca bnh 2 nhiu hn tng khi lng ca bnh 1 l 31,4 gam. Tm cc cng thc cu to ca X, Y. Nu gi thit chng l ng ng lin tip ca nhau. Bi 10: Mt hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca axit axetic. Ly m gam hn hp, ri thm vo 75ml dung dch NaOH 0,2 M. Sau phi dng 25ml dung dch HCl 0,2M trung ho NaOH d. Sau khi trung ho, em c cn dung dch n kh, thu c 1,0425 gam hn hp cc mui khan. a) Vit cng thc cu to ca hai axit cacboxylic, gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. b) Tnh gi tr m. Bi 11: C hai axit hu c no mch h: A n chc, B a chc. Ta tin hnh th nghim nh sau: - Th nghim 1: Hn hp X1 cha a mol A v b mol B. trung ho X1 cn 500ml dung dch NaOH 1M, nu t chy hon ton X 1 th thu c 11,2 lt CO2. - Th nghim 2: Hn hp X2 cha b mol A v a mol B. trung ho X2 cn 400ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit a + b=0,3mol. Cho bit cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai axit? Bi 12: t chy hon ton 0,44gam mt axit hu c, sn phm chy c hp thu hon ton vo bnh 1 ng P 2O5 v bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng ln 0,36g v bnh 2 tng 0,88g. Mt khc phn ng ht vi 0,05 mol axit cn dng 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cc cng thc cu to ca axit. Bi 13: Chia m gam hn hp A gm hai axit hu c n chc, mch h c nguyn t cacbon trong phn t hn km nhau khng qu 2 nguyn t lm 3 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 tc dng ht vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 2M. trung ho lng NaOH d cn 150ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. Phn 2 phn ng va vi mt lng nc brom cha 6,4 gam brom. t chy hon ton phn 3, thu c 3,136 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 1,8 gam nc. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca 2 axit. b) Tnh m v thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi axit trong A. Bi 14: C mt hn hp X gm C2H5OH, C2H3COOH v CH3COOH. Cho 1/4 hn hp X tc dng vi kali d, ta thu c 4,48 lt H2 o (ktc). trung ho 1/4 hn hp X cn dng 200ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Mt khc, 1/2 hn hp X lm mt mu va dung dch cha 32 gam Br2. Tnh khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp X. Bi 15: Trung ho va 100ml dung dch 2 axit CH 3COOH v C2H5COOH bng 200ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 26 gam mui khan. 1. Xc nh nng mol/lt ca 2 axit.

2. Nung mui khan trn vi NaOH thu c th tch kh. Bit hiu sut ca phn ng l 80%, hy tnh th tch kh thu c v t khi ca hn hp kh trn i vi kh H2. Bi 16: Hn hp A gm mt axit no n chc v hai axit khng no n chc cha mt lin kt i, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho A tc dng hon ton vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 2M. trung ho va ht lng NaOH d cn thm vo 100ml dung dch HCl 1M, c dung dch D. C cn cn thn D c 22,89 gam cht rn khan. Mt khc t chy hon ton A ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d dung dch NaOH c, khi lng bnh tng thm 26,72 gam. Xc nh cng thc cu to c th c ca tng axit v tnh khi lng ca chng trong hn hp A. Bi 17: Trung ho 13,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit no, n chc, mch h bng mt lng dung dch KOH va , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 21 gam hn hp mui khan. 1. Tm tng s mol hn hp (X). 2. Cn bao nhiu lt kh oxi iu kin tiu chun t chy hon ton hn hp (X)? 3. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca mi axit v tnh khi lng tng axit trong hn hp (X). Bit rng 2 axit trn l ng ng k tip. Bi 18: C a gam hn hp X gm mt axit no n chc A v mt este to ra bi mt axit no n chc A v mt este to ra bi mt axit no n chc B l ng ng k tip ca A v mt ru no n chc. Cho a gam hn hp X tc dng vi lng va NaHCO3, thu c 1,92 gam mui. Nu cho a gam hn hp X tc dng vi mt lng va NaOH un nng, thu c 4,38 gam hn hp 2 mui ca axit A v B v 0,03 mol ru, ru ny c t khi hi so vi hiro l 23. t chy hn hp hai mui bng mt lng oxi d th thu c mui Na2CO3, hi nc v 2,128 lt CO2 (ktc). Gi thit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. 1. Cho bit hn hp X gm axit v este no? 2. Tnh a. Bi 19: Hn hp A gm hai axit hu c no (mi axit cha khng qu 2 nhm COOH) c khi lng 16g, tng ng vi 0,175 mol. t chy hon ton hn hp A ri cho sn phm chy qua nc vi trong d, thu c 47,5g kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho hn hp A tc dng va vi dung dch Na2CO3, thu c 22,6g mui. Tm cng thc cu to v tnh s gam mi axit trong hn hp A. Bi 20: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c A v B c cng chc ho hc. Khi t chy 5,44 gam hn hp X, ngi ta thu c 5,824 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam H2O. Nu un nng 5,44 gam hn hp X vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c hn hp gm 5,64 gam mui ca mt axit hu c n chc duy nht v 2,2 gam hn hp 2 ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. 1. Hi A, B thuc chc ho hc g? 2. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v khi lng mi cht trong hn hp X.

Bi 21: Mt hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca axit axetic. Ly m gam hn hp, ri thm vo 75ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau phi dng 25ml dung dch HCl 0,2M trung ho NaOH d. Sau khi trung ho, em c cn dung dch n kh, thu c 1,0425 gam hn hp cc mui khan. 1. Vit cng thc cu to ca hai axit cacboxylic, gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 2. Tnh gi tr m. Bi 22: Cho hn hp A gm 2 axit cacboxylic no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Ho tan a gam A vo nc ri em trung ho bng lng va dung dch NaOH, sau em c cn dng dch, c 4,52 gam hn hp mui khan. Mt khc em t chy hon ton a gam hn hp A ri cho ton b sn phm chy i chm qua bnh 1 ng lng d H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng lng d dung dch NaOH. Sau th nghim thy tng khi lng bnh 2 ln hn tng khi lng bnh 1 l 3,38 gam. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t v tnh % theo khi lng ca mi axit trong hn hp A. Bi 23: trung ho a gam hn hp 2 axit ng ng lin tip ca axit fomic cn dng 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. Mt khc em t chy a gam hn hp v cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh (1) ng P2O5 v bnh (2) ng KOH rn thy khi lng bnh (1) tng b gam cn bnh (2) tng (3,64 + b) gam. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc axit. (Cho H=1; C=12; O=16; N=14; Cl=35,5; Fe=56; K=39; Cu=64; Mg=24; Br=16; Ca=40; Na=23)