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Exercise 2.4 (Solutions)

Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.0

Question # 1(i) Conditional: Converse: Inverse: Contrapositive: Question # 1(ii) Conditional: Converse: Inverse: Contrapositive: Question # 1(iii) Conditional: Converse: Inverse: Contrapositive: Question # 1(iv)

~ pq q ~ p p ~ q ~qp q p p q ~ q ~ p ~ p ~ q ~ p ~ q ~ q ~ p p q qp
Do yourself as above

Question # 2 (i) Statement: ( p ~ p ) ( p q ) p T T F F q T F T F ~p F F T T

p ~ p
F F T T

p q
T F T T

( p ~ p) ( p q)
T F T T

Question # 2 (ii) Statement: ( p ~ p ) q p T T F F q T F T F ~p F F T T

p ~ p F F F F

( p ~ p) q T T T T

Question # 2 (iii) Statement: ~ ( p q ) ( p ~ q ) p T T F F Q T F T F ~q F T F T

p q
T F T T

~ ( p q) F T F F

p ~ q
F T F F

( p ~ q) ~ ( p q)
T T T T

FSc I 2.4 - 2

Tautology: The statement which is true for all possible values of the variables in it is called tautology. Contingency: The statement which is true or false depending upon the truth values of the variables involved in it is called a contingency. Absurdity or Contradiction: The statement which is false for all the possible values of the variables involved in it is called an absurdity or contradiction. Question # 3 (i) Statement: ( p q ) p P T T F F q T F T F

pq T F F F

pqp T T T T

The last column of the above table shows that the statement is true for all values of p and q thus given statement is tautology. Question # 3 (ii) Statement: p ( p q ) p T T F F q T F T F

pq T T T F

p ( p q) T T T T

The last column of the above table shows that the statement is true for all values of p and q thus given statement is tautology Question # 3 (iii) Statement: ~ ( p q ) p p T T F F Q T F T F

p q
T F T T

~ ( p q) F T F F

~ ( p q) p T T T T

The last column of the above table shows that the statement is true for all values of p and q thus given statement is tautology. Question # 3 (iv) Statement: ~ q ( p q ) ~ p p T T F F q T F T F ~p F F T T ~q F T F T

p q T F T T

~ q ( p q) F F F T

~ q ( p q) ~ p T T T T

The last column of the above table shows that the statement is true for all values of p and q thus given statement is tautology.

FSc I 2.4 - 3

Question # 4 (i) Statement: ~ ( p q ) p p T F ~p F T

p ~ p F F

The last column of the above table shows that the statement is false for all values of p and q thus given statement is absurdity. Question # 4 (ii) Statement: p (q p ) p T T F F q T F T F

q p T T F T

p (q p) T T T T

The last column of the above table shows that the statement is true for all values of p and q thus given statement is tautology. Question # 4 (iii) Statement: q (~ q p ) P T T F F q T F T F

~q F T F T

~q p T T F T

q (~ q p ) T T T T

The last column of the above table shows that the statement is true for all values of p and q thus given statement is tautology. Question # 5 Consider the truth table p T T F F q ~p ~q T F F F F T T T F F T T

pq T F F F

~ p ~ q F F F T

p (~ p ~ q ) ( p q ) T T F T

p (~ p ~ q ) T T F T

The last two column of the above table are identical this shows that the statement p (~ p ~ q ) ( p q ) and p (~ p ~ q ) are equal i.e. p (~ p ~ q ) ( p q ) = p (~ p ~ q )

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman (atiq@mathcity.org), http://www.mathcity.org

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