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A web server The term web server can refer to either the hardware (like a computer) or the software (as in a computer application) that serves to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet. The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses like gaming and data storage. Think of it as a filing cabinet for your blog. Its where everything is stored. For example, if your blog is on Blogspot, the blogspot.com part is your server. (Same goes for wordpress.com.) Please note that along with being a space on the Internet (you know, in the cloud), servers also exist physically. 2. FTP FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. Say what? In laymans terms, its the thing that takes files (like images, text, music, videos, or just about anything) and puts them on the Internet. For example, when you go into your blog and upload an image file from your desktop, the way that it gets there, the language that has been developed on computers to make this happen, is called FTP. (Also, FileZilla is a form of FTP, and its a free program!) 3. An IP address IP stands for Internet Protocol. An Internet protocol address is a numerical label (or, a unique identifier) that is attached to every individual piece of machinery that accesses a network (like the Internet). Your computer is an example of a device that has an IP address (so is your smart phone, printer, or a fax machine, if you still have one of those). Think of an IP address as a license plate for your computer. This identifier shows ownership, and allows your machine to be located. (There are also two types of IP addresses, IPv4 and IPv6, but you can look up the difference between those on your own.) Browsers find each IP addresses using DNS, or the Domain Name System (which is like phone book of devices that are hooked up to the Internet). 4. Clearing your cache Your cache is the place where your Internet browser (Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, etc) stores information about what websites you have visited (like HTML pages and images). It does this so that sites load more quickly and to reduce bandwidth usage. Think of this as being able to recall a memory, rather than having to freshly research something for the first time. However, the cache takes up space on your computers hard drive. Clearing your cache (and history and cookies) allows your browser to access to the most recent and up-todate version of the sites you visit.

5. Cookie The cookie thats stored in your cache is like a little bit of memory. A web site sends this small piece of text to your browser when you visit, so that your browser remembers things like your preferred language and settings, or whats in your shopping cart. You may not want your browser to collect cookies, which is why most have customizable settings you can control on a site-by-site basis. (For more, you should definitely watch this clip from Parks & Recreation.) 6. Plug-in For our understanding, plugin is a set of software components that adds specific abilities to a web site. They allow for customization of how your site looks and how it works. They were developed when sites started getting too fancy for the original HTML format which was designed to support mostly just text and images. Third-party developers often create plugins that are then used on a site to allow it to do different things. For example, Adobe Flash Player and Quicktime are plugins that allow videos to play. Plugins can also scan for viruses, display ads, etc. 7. HTML code HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. Yikes. This is the language of the Internet. Its how things are displayed on web sites. Browsers were created read this language and display it visually for us. HTML documents (that become web sites) are created offline, then uploaded to the Internet using FTP. (See above!) HTML is created using (usually) paired tags that look like this <h1> blah blah blah </h1>. The tags and code tell the browser what the site is supposed to look like. You can make an HTML file in Text Exit or in Microsoft word, if you save it as a .html file. (For more, insanely complicated details, consult Wikipedia.) 8. JavaScript JavaScript is a type of scripting language on the Internet that turns code into a complete visual within your browser. In the sameway that plugins were created to advance the capabilities of sites beyond standard HTML, JavaScript is what allows web sites to support more real time interactions without having to re-load the entire site. (Think about the way your email inbox updates without reloading the whole page.)

9. URL URL's, or 'uniform resource locators', are the web browser addresses of internet pages and files. A URL works together with IP addresses to help us name, locate, and bookmark specific pages and files for our web browsers. URL's commonly use three parts to address a page or file: the protocol (which is the portion ending in '//:'); the host computer (which sometimes ends in .com); and the filename/pagename itself. For example: https://personal.bankofamerica.com/login/password.htm http://forums.about.com/ab-guitar/?msg61989.1 ftp://files.microsoft.com/public/eBookreader.msi telnet://freenet.edmonton.ca/main 10. ISP ISP is Internet Service Provider. That is the private company or government organization that plugs you into the vast Internet around the world. Your ISP will offer varying services for varying prices: web page access, email, hosting your own web page, hosting your own blog, and so on. ISP's will also offer various Internet connection speeds for a monthly fee. (e.g. ultra high speed Internet vs economy Internet).

11. The Web vs. the Internet The Internet is a vast 'interconnection of computer networks' that spans the globe. It is comprised of millions of computing devices that trade volumes of information. Desktop computers, mainframes, GPS units, cell phones, car alarms, video game consoles, and even soda pop machines are connected to the Net. The Internet started in the late 1960's as an American military project, and has since evolved into a massive public spiderweb. No single organization owns or controls the Internet. The Net has grown into a spectacular mishmash of non-profit, private sector, government, and entrepreneurial broadcasters. The Internet houses many layers of information, with each layer dedicated to a different kind of documentation. These different layers are called 'protocols'. The most popular protocols are the World Wide Web, FTP, Telnet, Gopherspace, instant messaging, and email. The World Wide Web, or 'Web' for short, is the most popular portion of the Internet. The Web is viewed through web browser software. Grammar and spelling note: Use capitalized 'Internet' and 'Web' when using either word as a noun. Use lowercase 'internet' or 'web' when using either word as an adjective. e.g. 'We were browsing the Internet on our television last night.' e.g. 'We found a really good web page about global warming.' 12. Malware Malware is the broad term to describe any malicious software designed by hackers. Malware includes: viruses, trojans, ratware, keyloggers, zombie programs, and any other software that seeks to do one of four things: vandalize your computer in some way steal your private information take remote control of your computer ('zombie' your computer) for other ends manipulate you into purchasing something

13. P2P P2P file sharing ('peer-to-peer') is the most voluminous Internet activity today. P2P is the cooperative trading of files amongst thousands of individual users. P2P participants install special software on their computers, and then voluntarily share their music, movies, ebooks, and software files with each other. Through 'uploading' and 'downloading', users trade files that are anywhere from 1 megabyte to 5 gigabytes large. This activity, while in itself a fully legal pasttime, is very controversial because thousands of copyrighted songs and movies trade hands through P2P. 14. Bookmark A bookmark (aka "favorite") is a marker that you can place on web pages and files. You would bookmark something because: You want to return to the page or file later You want to recommend the page or file to someone else Bookmarks/Favorites can be made using your right mouse click menu, or the menus/toolbars at the top of your web browser. Bookmarks/Favorites can also be made on your Mac or Windows computer files. 15. Firewall Firewall is a generic term to describe 'a barrier against destruction'. It comes from the building term of a protective wall to prevent the spreading of housefires or engine compartment fires. In the case of computing, 'firewall' means to have software and/or hardware protecting you from hackers and viruses. Computing firewalls range from small antivirus software packages, to very complex and expensive software + hardware solutions. All the many kinds of computer firewalls offer some kind of safeguard against hackers vandalizing or taking over your computer system. 16. Spam Unsolicited email messages sent out in bulk and generally commercial in nature. In fact the term is used more widely these days to refer to such messages in a variety of places, not just on email for example comments on blogs. The origin of this sense of the word spam is unclear.

17. CAPTCHA CAPTCHA checks are the strings of letters and numbers that have to be typed in on some web pages before something can be saved. They exist because, although humans find interpreting these strings relatively easy, computers do not. Setting up these checks therefore blocks an automated process such as one generating spam from using the page, whereas a human is still able to. The acronym CAPTCHA actually stands for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart a rather contrived way of arriving at an acronym that sounds like the word capture.