Basic Repeater System Overview

July 2008

Bi-directional Amplifier
Amplifies and transmits signals in both directions

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Repeater Applications
Repeater gives you possibility to Extend coverage area Fill out blind spots Redistribute capacity Typical applications Road tunnels and highways Shopping malls and sport arenas Office/underground buildings High speed trains and subways Rural areas - low capacity
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Basic Repeater Application

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Basic Repeater Application

-Off Air application

Rep.

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Basic Repeater Application

-Fibre optic application 1

Repeater Master Unit: (RMU)

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Basic Repeater Application

-Fibre optic application 2

Repeater Master Unit: (RMU)

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Eliminate Coverage Holes

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Eliminate Coverage Holes Cont.

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Hybrid Networks Continue

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Distributed System
Difficulties getting space where you want to put your BTS The repeater can be put outdoors No need for Air Conditioned room Small space Remote operation and maintenance Distribute capacity to several locations

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Distribution Solution

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Distribution of Capacity

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De-Centralized, BTS-Solution

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Centralized

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Conclusion, Trunking Gain

De-Centralized ( BTS solution ) Erlang required 32E No. of TCH required 59 No. of TRX required 12 No. of BCCH+SDCCH required 9 No. of TCH available 87 Centralized ( Repeater solution ) 32E 41 6 3 45

i.e. Trunking gain achieved with a repeater solution

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Target Areas

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Features of Powerwave Repeaters

Modular design enables easy upgrading and services Easy upgrading from 2 to 8 carriers for GSM/EDGE and to 4 carriers for CDMA/WCDMA Separate power amplifiers for uplink and downlink Remote control via wireless and/or wired line modem Automatic supervision of the antenna isolation MTBF > 50 000 hours

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Site Design Considerations

Antenna Isolation Gain Feedback oscillation / antenna isolation Maximum output power / minimum input power Noise /interference level in the system Number of donor channels Timing Delay spread Timing advance

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Antenna Isolation

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Antenna Isolation Cont.

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Antenna Isolation Cont.

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Antenna Isolation Cont.

High front to back ratio ! Choice of donor-site !

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Antenna Isolation (Summary)

At least Gain of repeater + 10dB (margin)* Achieved by : Right choice of antennas

- Opening angle - Front to back ratio

Right choice of donor BTS (direction) Right placement of antennas (vertical spacing) *13dB for channel-selective repeater

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EDoPL

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Off air repeater gain setting concern

Antenna Isolation
Gain < isolation - 10dB

Repeater max. output power

DL Gain < rated repeater max. output repeater input

Repeater uplink noise

UL Gain < EDoPL 10dB

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Antenna Isolation Supervision

(GSM Channel-Selective)

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Gain and Noise

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DL Gain and Noise

Gain should be less than repeater max. output power minus repeater input If the amplifier is saturated, AGC should reduce the repeater gain. Otherwise the repeater will perform very badly in terms of distortion and thus generates unwanted IM. (In the case of CDMAOne, the power level of pilot signal is 1/5 of the max. total channel power. For example, if only the pilot is present during installation, the repeater downlink gain should be set to at most: max. repeater output power repeater input 7dB)
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UL Gain, EDoPL and Noise

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Noise at BTS from Repeater

Noise level at BTS v/s Noise Margin repeater noise (NF = 8 dB) at BTS. -90 -8 -6 -12 -4 -2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 -10 20 0 2 total noise level at BTS given 1 repeater (8 dB NF) repeater noise (NF = 5 dB) at BTS. Noise at BTS (dBm) total noise level at BTS given 1 repeater (5 dB NF)

-110

-130 Noise Margin (dB)

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Noise at BTS from Repeater

Powerwave recommend: In order not to de-sensitize the BTS, uplink gain of repeater should be at least 10dB less than EDoPL

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Number of Donor Carriers

The GOS will be drastically reduced in the repeater covered area if not all the carriers in the donor cell are repeated. It is thus important that all the carriers in the cell has the same coverage.

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Timing Considerations
Delay spread (time dispersion) must be less than 15 s for a GSM system. Placing the repeater between the donor BTS and the area to be covered satisfies this requirement. CDMA systems are in general more robust to delay spread. For GSM, the timing advance has a maximum limiting the distance between the BTS and the mobile to 35 km. Introducing a repeater reduces this maximum distance 1.5 km to 33.5 km (normally not significant).

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Thank you