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Lycopodiaceae
Dichopodial Endarch protoxylem Adventitious Endogenous Exarch protoxylem Dichopodial rhizomes/corms Some Pseudomonial
ROOTS
Sporophytic (lycophylls) Simple, sessile, spiral, whorled Blades scale-like to acicular Some Heteromorphic Single midrib eligulate
LEAVES
VASCULATURE: Protostele (Exarch /Mesarch) Exarch protoxylem Dichopodial Some Pseudomonial/sympodial HABIT -Erect, cespitose,prostate,climbing Sporophytic (lycophylls) Adaxially ligulate simple, sessile,spiral single midrib (microphyllous) Blades (homomorphic,dimorphic, in 4 rows)
STEMS
SPORANGIA
Dorsiventral with transverse dehiscence Heterosporous Megaspore-F&M gametophyte -occurs on short stalks in the axils of ligulate sporophylls Group together in Strobilli
endosporic
Tracheophyta Euphyllophyta Monilophyta (30KB chloroplast DNA inversion) Psilotopsida Equisetopsida (horsetails/scouringrush family) Consist of perennial herbs Growing in/ near wet habitat
Monopodial Exarch protoxylem
Monopodial Exarch Protoxylem w/ underground Rhizome fleshy No root hairs and root branches Sometimes w/ adventitious buds
Monopodial
ROOTS
Mesarch Protoxylem VASCULATURE : Siphonostele Aerial stems : ridged,hallow, w/ canals, photosynthetic, silica inclusions <epidermis>
Mesarch Protoxylem VASCULATURE : prostele/ ectophloic siphonostele Subterranean Erect Underground stem (rhizome, forms colonies ) Lateral brances SHOOTS ;Dimorphic (aerial), Photosynthetic (vegetative), nonphotosyn (reproductive)
Mesarch Protoxylem VASCULATURE : Protostele/ solenostele Dichotomously branching Underground : rhizoid bearing rhizome w/ endophytic mycorrhizae Aerial stems: photosynthetic, terete, ridged/ flattened
STEMS
Mesarch protoxylem Polycyclic siphonostle Rhizomatous &erect Stout &trunk-like The anatomy a polycyclic dictyostele
Distinctive leaves (euphylls) reduced, small, simple, whorled microphyllous non-photosyn @maturity laterally connate into a sheath w/ distinct tooth-like apices
homosporous Terminal position Sporangiophores w/ Longitudinal dehiscent sporangia Photosynthetic spores SPORES: green, w/ 4 spatulate, hygroscopic elaters
SPORANGIA
Distinctive leaves /Frond (euphylls) w/ sterile segment (w/ photosynthetic blades/lamina w/ fertile segment (w/ sporangia) solitary, lacking circinate vernation BLADE : simple unlobed/compounded to divided VENATION: dichotomous/reticulate Lacking SORI Homosporous Eusporongiate (EUSPORANGIA) Terminal position Transverse dehiscence SPORES: tetrahedral &trilete
LEAVES
Distinctive leaves (euphylls) Simple, spiral, distichous, Reduced, peg-like Lack vascular strands (enations) Blades: small &subulate to scale-like, vertically oriented w/ single midrib (microphyllous)
Pinnatiion: simple/1-4 Vernation: circinate Large mature leaves Petioles &rachillae w/ swollen pulvini Prominent pneumatodes (lenticels) SORI: abaxial, intra marginal, exindusiate
homosporous Terminal position Eusporangiate Longitudinal dehiscence Sporophyte: w/horizontal rhizome(gives rise to the aerial stems) -independent, dominant, free-living 2/3-lobed (synangium) SPORES: reniform &monolete Non-photosynthetic Cylindrical, saprophytic, micorrizal SPERM: multiflagellate subterranean haploid small,obscure, free-living in/on the soil
Homosporous Distinct Vertically dehiscent Found on the abaxial surface of leaflet blades Eusporangiate Arranged in a ring /Fused in the synangium SPORES: trilete, monolete/ alete photosynthetic large thalloid
GAMETOPHYTE
Photosynthetic Cussion-like
Tracheophyta Euphyllophyta Monilophyta (30KB chloroplast DNA inversion) Polypodiopsida (Leptosporangiate Ferns) Osmundales (Cinnamon Fern Family) ROOTS
Exarch Protoxylem Monopodial
Monopodial
STEMS LEAVES
SPORANGIA
LEPTOSPORANGIUM w/ ANNULUS :lateral SORI &INDUSIA: ABSENT Abaxial surface of leaves Have large bodies &short stalk Dehiscing by an apical slit SPORES: green Sublobose, Trilete
GAMET OPHYTE
LEPTOSPORANGUIM w/ANNULUS: oblique SORI: marginal Receptacle- elongate &continuous w/ vein tips INDUSIA: present &conical, tubular/2-lobed Basipetalous SPORES: green globose &trilete Filamentous/ribbon-like Reproducing by Fragmentation/gemmae
LEPTOSPORANGUIM w/ ANNULUS: transversely oblique SORI- round, abaxial, not marginal, exindusiate SPORANGIA: round-pear shape, 2-12 sporandgia per sorus, develops simultaneously SPORES: globose-tetrahedral/ bilateral, trilete/monolete 128800 per sporangium Large, green , superficial Hairs: club-shaped Developing endorophic mycorrhizae