Alex Yu

1/29/13
4.01
Tip: Kelvin temperature = Celsius temperature + 273 degrees.
An example of converting between different temperature scales follows:
Normal room temperature is considered 68.0 degrees Fahrenheit.

What is this on the Celsius scale?
Fahrenheit temperature = 68.0 degrees Fahrenheit.
F = 1.8C + 32
C = (F - 32)/1.8
C = (68.0 - 32)/1.8
C = 20.0 degrees Celsius

What is this on the absolute scale?
absolute temperature = centigrade + 273
K = C + 273
K = 20.0 + 273
K = 293 K
The equation for calculating how much a substance will increase linearly with a change in
temperature is shown below:
AL = dLoAT
AL is the "change in" length
dis the coefficient of linear expansion - normally found on a chart or as the unknown
Lo is the Original Length
AT is the "change in" Temperature
An example problem using this equation follows:

A steel beam is 5.0 m long at a temperature of 20.0 o C. On a hot day, the temperature rises to
40.0 o C. What is the change in the beam's length due to the thermal expansion? Steel has a
coefficient of linear expansion of 12 E -6/C o.
Lo = 5.0 m
To = 20.0 o C
Tf = 40.0 o C
d= 12 E -6/C o
AL = ?
AL = dLoAT
AL = (12 E -6/C o)(5.0 m)(40.0 o C - 20.0 o C)
AL = 0.0012 m


1 Temperature: Put some hot water, warm water, and cold water in three bowls. Just
use water from your faucet, and please be sure that the hot water is not too hot to
touch! Place a finger in the hot water and a finger of the other hand in the cold water.
After a few seconds, place them both in the warm water. Describe the sensations. Can
you trust your senses for measuring temperature? Explain your answer.
The finger in the hot water became less hot but still very warm, and the finger in the
cold water warmed up instantly. Also, the finger from the hot water when dipped in cold
water began to tingle a little bit. You can trust your senses in general to tell you if
something is warm or cold. When dipped in the water, I instantly felt one finger go cold
and another stay warm. These were the hot and cold cups. When I stuck my fingers in
the warm cup, one finger warmed up while the other cooled down. My senses told me
the general temperature of the water.

2 You know that the normal temperature for a healthy person is about 98.6 Fahrenheit
degrees. Express this temperature in degrees Celsius. F = 1.8C + 32
98.6=1.8C+32
66.6=1.8C
C=38 Celsius degrees

3 Read the entire question before you begin.
a Pour about 1/2 cup of hot water (from the kitchen faucet) into a Styrofoam cup
(A regular coffee cup can be used if you don't have a Styrofoam cup.). Very
quickly, start the stopwatch and use your thermometer to measure the
temperature of the hot water in degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit. Now add three ice
cubes to the water and take the temperature every 30 seconds for 5 minutes.
You can gently stir the water with the thermometer between recording times.
Record your data in the table below. Include a copy of the table with your
assignment.

b Use Graphical Analysis to make a graph of your data. This time you may select
"connecting lines" from the Graph options.

Time
(minutes)
Temperature
(degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit)
0 38 o C, 100 o F
.5 32 o C, 90 o F
1.0 30 o C, 86 o F
1.5 30 o C, 86 o F
2.0 29 o C, 84 o F
2.5 27 o C, 80 o F
3.0 27 o C, 80 o F
3.5 27 o C, 80 o F
4.0 27 o C, 80 o F
4.5 27 o C, 80 o F
5.0 27 o C, 80 o F

1 Answer the following questions:
a Describe and explain the meaning of the graph.
It shows the relationship between the temperature decrease (Celsius and
Fahrenheit) as time increases.
b What is happening to the average kinetic energy of the molecules during the
five minutes in which the temperature of the water was being recorded?
Explain your answer.
The kinetic energy in the cup is decreasing. When something is hot, it is
because the amount of movement (or energy) in an object is very high. When
something cools down, it is because that movement/ energy is calming down.
The same thing is happening to the molecules in the water. When the water was
first poured into the cup, the molecules energy was very high. When the ice
cubes were added into the water, the molecules started to calm down, while
pouring their energy into the ice cubes.
2 A metal rod is 25.000cm long at 25.0 degrees Celsius. When heated to 102.0 degrees
Celsius, it is 25.054 cm long. What is the coefficient of linear expansion for this metal?
AL = dLoAT
d=AL/LoAT
Lo=25 cm
AT 77o Celsius
AL 0054 cm
d
0.054/(25)(77)=0.054/1925=2.805*10^(-5) o C
3 Water investigation

a Place a small drop of water on wax paper. Describe how the water behaves,
and what characteristic of water are you investigating?
The water didnt move around and splat on the paper; it made a near perfect
circle and stayed that way, even when slightly moved. The waters polar
configuration.
b Take a glass of water and see if you can float a paper clip or pin on it. What
characteristic of water are you investigating?
The surface tension of the water.