Revised Flora of The White Mountains, California and Nevada

Draft Revised White Mountain Flora Page - 1
Draft, Revised
Flora of the White Mountains, California and Nevada

Dean Wm. Taylor
DIVISION I. LYCOPODIOPHYTA – Club-mosses
SELAGINELLACEAE - Spike Moss Family (SLG)
Selaginella L. Spike Moss

Selaginella watsonii L. Underwood – Serano Watson's Spike-moss. (Subg. Tetragonostachys)
Locally abundant, locally at bases of crystalline rocks, granitic or qartzite, on open rocky subalpine and
alpine ridges, 9500-13500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, L.C. Wheeler 8226 (RSA636135,
UCR153683). Mono: Sagehen Flat, Lloyd 3126 (UC1300347) Uhill E of Crooked Cr lab, R. Bacagalupi et al.
8046 (JEPS28156) UCrooked Cr, A.H. Holmgren & B.Maguire 26140 (UC701866, UTC68268); Lloyd 3026
(UC1311806), 3279 (UC1300348) UCrooked Creek lab, J.M. Tucker 2232 (UC984787) UN Fork Crooked Cr,
Jepson 7279 (JEPS305) UBarcroft Lab, G. A. Marsh s.n. (UCI19985); R. Bacagalupi et al. 8135 (JEPS29004)
USheep Mtn, Duran 2598 (UC1297178) UWhite Mtns, Shockley 440 (JEPS35114) U1 mi S of The Jumpoff,
Pellisier Flats, Mitchell 2172 (UC1300344) UFalls Cnyn, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3509 (UC1535068,
UCR48243). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none.
DIVISION II. EQUISETOPHYTA – Horsetails
EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family (EQU)
Equisetum L. Horsetail, Scouring Rush

1. Aerial stems monomorphic, gen unbranched (or rarely with a few feeble, irregular branches), usually
persisting for more than one growing season (except E. x nelsonii); fertile shoots morphologically like sterile
shoots (Subg. Hippochaete)
2. Stem strongly scabrous-roughened to the touch; stem sheaths with 2 dark-bands, one each at tip and
base; cone apex pointed ............................................................................................................. E. hyemale
2' Stems not harsh to the touch; stem sheaths with one dark band at tip; cone apex blunt; aerial stems gen
annual
3. Spores white, aborted
4’ Sheaths green, teeth persistent ......................................................................................... E. x mackii
4' Sheaths dark-girdled, teeth shedding gradually ................................................................E. x ferrissii
3' Spores green, plump when fresh......................................................................................... E. laevigatum
1' Aerial stems dimorphic; sterile stems regularly and highly branched, persistent for only one growing season;
fertile stems white to brown (without abundant chlorophyll); sheath teeth <14; plants 0.5 m tall or less (Subg.
Equisetum) .....................................................................................E. arvense
Equisetum arvense L. - Common Horsetail.
Local, shaded moist riparian areas, gravelly open wet streambeds, 6500-9500 ft on the southeast portion of
the range:. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, Lloyd 2782 (UC1300341); Mitchell 2052 (UC1300346). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Equisetum x ferrissii Clute. James H. Ferris=s Scouring Rush.
Local, colonial in wet sunny locations, riparian and seepage areas, 6500-9500 ft in the southern portion of
the range. Inyo: mouth McAfee Creek, 5310 ft, Morefield, Additions III. Mono: none. Esmeralda: none.
Mineral: none.
Equisetum hyemale L. ssp. affine (Engelm.) Calder & R.H. Taylor.
Local, colonial in wet riparian settings on the western side of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Coldwater
Canyon, J. Greenhouse 5020 (JEPS102210). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun - Smooth Scouring Rush.
Local, meadow borders and riparian sites 6500 ft-9500 throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, Lloyd
2770 (UC1300339), 2781 (UC1300340); Duran s.n. (UC1297679) UMontenegro Springs, Mitchell 2148
(SD62238, UC1300343), Lloyd 3125 (UC1300350) UAntelope Springs, Lloyd 3018 (UC1300349) UWarm
Springs, W base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Taylor 7155 (JEPS). Mono: Cottonwood Cr, Lloyd 2922 (UC1300336),
2936 (UC1300337). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Equisetum x mackii (Newman) Brichan. – Hybrid dwarf Horsetail.
Uncommon, moist dolomitic meadow borders, 9500-11500 ft in the northern part of the range. The proper
taxonomic disposition of these small, unbranched plants with numerous tufted stems remains uncertain,
they may prove to be E. X nelsonii (A.A. Eaton) J.A. Schaffner. Inyo: none. Mono: confluence Poison Cr & S
Fork Cottonwood Cr, Taylor 13016 (JEPS89837, UC1731958) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Cr, 10100 ft., T.S.
Elias & K.A.Teare 10453 (RSA); Taylor & A. Colwell 18970 (JEPS). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
DIVISION III. POLYPODIOPHYTA - Ferns & Allies
KEY TO FAMILIES
1. Plants with a single vegetative frond; sporangia borne on a separate fertile frond
................................................................................................... Ophioglossaceae (Botrychium) Moonwort
1' Plants usually with many fronds, sporangia not borne on separate fronds ....................................... True Ferns
2. Sori borne along the margin of the frond ………………………………………………………… Pteridaceae
2' Sori borne away from the margin of the frond .................................................................... Dryopteridaceae
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE - Moonwort Family (OPH)

Botrychium Sw. Moonwort, Grapefern
(Subg. Botrychium)
References:W.H. & F.S. Wagner. 1981. Am Fern J. 71:20-30 and 1994, 84:5-10
Moonworts in the Whites require careful inspection in the field; Wagner noted that mixed populations of
sympatric taxa are to be suspected, and several additional taxa may occur as yet undocumented in the range.
Three is one, unverified report of B. ascendens from the Whites (California Natural Diversity Data Base, EO#4,
1999). For convenience, several unvouchered taxa are included in the key.
1. Sterile and fertile portions of frond branching near the base of the plant just above the sheath
........................,,.............................................................................................................................B. simplex
1' Sterile and fertile portions of frond branching >½-way up the plant
2. Proximal frond segments often with isolated, scattered sporangia ...................................... B. ascendens ‚
2’ Proximal sterile frong segments invariable vegetative
3. Fronds often bifurcating twice, the ultimate segments ¼-the width of others .......................B. lineare ‚
3' Fronds not divided, fan to wedge shaped
4. Frond fan-shaped, the bases describing an angle of 120-150 degrees
5. Frond segments overlapping, lunate ..........................................................................B. lunaria ‚
5' Frond segments separated ............................................................................. B. crenulatum ‚
4' Frond wedge-shaped, the bases describing an angle of 40-100 degrees
................................................................................................................................ B. minganense ‚
Botrychium crenulatum W.H. Wagner - Scalloped Moonwort.
Rare, moist meadow margins and turf meadows, 9500-12,000 ft in the northern portion of the range. ‚
CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: Granite Meadow, Taylor & Morefield 9124 (JEPS89872); Cottonwood
Basin, 10200 ft, Taylor & A. Colwell 18967 (JEPS). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Botrychium simplex E. Hitch. - Yosemite Moonwort.
Local, moist turf and hummocks of meadows, 7200-11500 in the northern portion of the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Granite Meadow, Taylor 9173 (JEPS89873, JEPS89875). UCrooked Cr, J. C. Roos s.n. (UCR26315).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek 8000 ft, Duran 3080 (UC); 8900 ft, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none.
DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Wood Fern Family (DRY)

Key to Genera
1. Indusium absent.......................................................................................................... Athyrium

1’ Indusium present
2. Indusium composed of many scale-like segments encircling the sorus from below
............................................................................................................................................................ Woodsia
2' Indusium a defined flap, or reniform
3’ Indusium oblong or reniform ................................................................................................ Dryopteris ‚
3' Indusium a hood like flap, marginally attached ...................................................................... Cystopteris
Athyrium Roth. Lady Ferns

Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Milde var. americanum Butters – Sierra Lady Fern.
Rare, known only fron one station in the Whites: Inyo: none. Mono: Derham Giuliani 6441 in 1994, Tres
Plumas Creek; Fish Lake Valley drainage, 9500 ft (RSA627325). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Cystopteris Bernh. Fragile Ferns

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. - Common Fragile Fern.
Frequent. shaded rock crevices at altitude, descending in mossy rocks in shaded riparian stream channels,
below 13500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, Shockley s.n. in 1888
(JEPS35054) USagehen Flat, Lloyd 3164 (JEPS77405, JEPS77406) UBig Prospector Meadow, W.L. Jepson
7358 (UC1713536, JEPS312) UMcAfee Meadow, Duran 2810 (UC477396, ). Unear Crooked Cr lab,
E.R.Blakey 3593 (SBBG12500, SD56887) UCrooked Cr, 10000 ft, J. & L. Roos 5871 (UC1010209), Mitchell
2013 (UC1300345) UPoison Creek, Mitchell & Lloyd 1723 (UC1155187, SD62409) UMcCloud Camp, M.
Canfield s.n. in 1921 (SD40596) UUpper Cottonwood Cr, Duran 2583 (UC1297681) Uconfluence N Fork
and S Fork Cottonwood Cr, Lloyd 2937 (UC1300338) UFalls Canyon, Morefield & McCarty3508 (UC1535067,
UCR48246) UWhite Mountain Peak, M. Dedecker 1272 (RSA624272) UPellisier Flats, Lloyd 2217
(UC1300342) Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Dryopteris Adans. Wood Fern

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. Male Fern –
Rare, deep crevices of massive granitic domes in the Cottonwood Creek drainage, 8500-11000 ft. Disjunct to
the SnBd Mtns in CA, thence eastward for a considerable distance to seUT (Albee et al. 1988); apparently
absent from NV (Cronquist et al. 1972). ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: Granite Meadow, Morefield
2446 (RSA327740) UWall Meadow, Cottonwood Cr drainage, Taylor & Miller 9189 (JEPS83686, UC1516300,
RSA407628); UNorth Fork Cottonwood Cr 0.5 mi up from Tres Plumas Cr confluence, Taylor & Morefield
9128 (UC1540128). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Woodsia R. Br.
Reference: Brown. 1961. Nov. Hedwigia 16:1-54.
1. Fronds with flattened, multicellular hairs along the midrib on both surfaces; petioles of fronds brittle and prone
to shattering when dry ................................................................................................................... W. scopulina
1' Fronds with few or no hairs on lower surface, if hairy, the hairs glandular; petioles of fronds flexible.
..........................................................................................................................................................W. oregana
Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton ssp. cathcartiana (B.L. Robinson) Windham - Oregon Cliff Fern.
Rare, shaded cliff crevices below 9500 ft, scattered throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 8800 ft,
Lloyd 3885 (UC1389299). Mono: Rock Cr mouth, Morefield & McCarty 3495 (UC1389299, UCR48254) U
Falls Canyon, Morefield & McCarty 3507 (UC1535066, UCR48245) Uhead N Fork Cottonwood Cr, R.
Bacagalupi et al. 8073 (JEPS28200). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none
Woodsia scopulina D.C. Eaton ssp. scopulina - Mountain Cliff Fern.
Frequent in rock crevices and moist rocky sites at 9500-11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Prospector Meadow, P.A.Munz 21065 (UC1075832) UStation Pk, Duran 1588 (UC1297680) Uhead Indian
Creek, Morefield 4848 (UC1552056) UChiatovich Cr, Duran 3363 (UC1552056, RSA693056) UMexican
Mine, E.R.Blakey 4696 (CAS) UStation Peak, Duran 1588 (UC1297680). UBig Prospector Mdw, Jepson 7338
(JEPS287, UC1713548) UCottonwood Creek, M. Canfield s.n. in 1921 (SD40553). Esmeralda: none.
Mineral: none
POLYPODIACEAE - Polypod Family (PLP)

Polypodium L.
Reference: S.A. Whitmore and A.R. Smith. 1991. Madroño 38:233-248.
Polypodium hesperium Maxon - Western Polypody.
Rare, moist sheltered rock crevices of massive cliffs in canyons in the Cottonwood Creek basin. ‚ CNPS
Reject List ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: along Tres Plumas Creek, 9770 ft, Morefield (Additions III). Esmeralda:
none. Mineral: none
PTERIDACEAE - Brake Fern Family (PTE)

Key to Genera
1. Leaf margin recurving, covering sori ................................................................................................. Adiantum
1' Leaf margin not recurving to cover sori
2. Underside of frond glabrous
3. Sporangia aligned along veins for outer a-b of frond; false indusium absent,
rhizome scales without a dark mid-stripe ...................................................................... Argyrochosma ‚
3' Sporangia along veins only a frond margins; false indusium present; rhizome scales with a dark mid-
stripe ............................................................................................................................................. Pellaea
2' Underside of frond densely pubescent or powdery
4. Underside of frond with powdery, either golden yellow or white; fronds shriveling during dry season,
reviving when hydrated ..................................................................................................... Pentagramma
4' Underside of frond densely brown pubescent; fronds not reviving once shriveled
................................................................................................................................................... Cheilanthes
Adiantum L. Maiden Hair Fern

Adiantum capillus-veneris L. - Southern Maidenhair.
Rare, dripping seepage areas on cliffs incised into calcareous rocks. Inyo: none. Mono:
Pellisier Cr, 6450 ft., Morefield 4357 (UC1549821). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none
Argyrochosma (J. Smith) M.D. Windham

Argyrochosma jonesii (Maxon) M.D. Whidham. - Marcus E. Jones' falsecloak fern.
Local, shaded or northerly facing crevices of calcareous rocks, below 6600 ft on the southerly end of the
range. [syn. Cheilanthes j. (Maxon) Munz] ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none. canyon below Molly Gibson Mine,
Taylor 6436 (JEPS89877) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Duran 2633 (UC519640). Mono: none.
Cheilanthes Sw. Lip Fern

1. Frond upper surface densely hairy, whitish ............................................................................................ C. parryi
1' Frond upper surface greenish, not densely white hairy
2. Fronds pale green; under surface pubescent with tangled trichomes …….....………………...…C. feei
2' Fronds dark green; under surface with dense, dissected, long-ciliate scales
3. Plants with long rhizomes (fronds thus well separated); rhizome scales without a darker mid-stripe
.................................................................................................................................................C. wootonii ‚
3' Rhizomes short, plants with clumped fronds; rhizome scales with a dark midstripe
...................................................................................................................................................C. gracillima
Cheilanthes covillei Maxon – Fredrick V. Coville's lip Fern.
Uncommon, northern portion of the range below 10000 ft, usually on non-calcareous substrata. Inyo:
none. Mono: Granite Meadow, Taylor 9330 (JEPS89855) URock Cr, Morefield 3493 (UC15348279,
UCR48253) UFalls Canyon, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3510 (UC1535069). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Cheilanthes feei T. Moore - Antoine L.A. Fee’s lip fern
Frequent, exposed, predominatly calcareous, rock crevices in the southern end of the range below 7500 ft.
Inyo: Wyman Canyon, Lloyd 2814 (JEPS77401, JEPS77402) UBlack Canyon, Duran 2632 (UC519631).
Mono: none. Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Cheilanthes parryi (D. Eaton) Domin – Charles C. Parry=s lip fern.
Local, rock crevices below 6500 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, Lloyd 2823
(JEPS77403) UBlack Canyon, Taylor 6849 (JEPS89858). UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, L.C. Wheeler
7525 (RSA600556). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Cheilanthes wootonii Maxon – Elmer O. Wooton’s beaded lipfern –
Rare, to be sought in canyon crevices of the northwestern slope: not yet documented from the
range. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Mono: 3 mi W [sic E?] of Benton, Elroy Robinson & Bob Lindner s.n.
in 1935 (JEPS27931) is a proximal regional record.
Pellaea Link. Birds Foot Fern

1. Fronds once pinnate, but basal pinnae with a large lobe, nearly cleft to the base
............................................................................................................................................................ P. breweri
1' Fronds 2-3 times pinnate throughout. .......................................................................................... P. mucronata
Pellaea breweri D.C. Eaton – William H. Brewer's cliffbrake.
Frequent, granitic rock crevices, bases of alpine boulders, 9500-11500 ft throughout the range. Pellaea
bridgesii Hooker is well documented from the east slope of the SN but is apparently absent from the Great
Basin (Cronquist et al. 1972). Inyo: White Mtns, D.E.Breedlove 1058 (SBBG46153); Shockley 551
(JEPS35039) UMexican Mine, E.R.Blakley 4650 (JEPS32934, SBBG11179, RSA166961). Mono: McAfee
Meadow, Duran 2811 (UC477397) UMcAfee Cr, Lloyd 3325 (JEPS77407) Uupper Cottonwood Cr, Morefield
& D.H.McCarty 3108 (UC1523891, UCR44214). County Line Hill, Jepson 7364 (JEPS325, UC1713520).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, Duran 3081 (UC). Mineral: none.

Pellaea mucronata (D. Eaton) D. Eaton ssp. mucronata - Common Bird's-Foot Fern.
Infrequent, shaded granitic or other non-calcareous substrata on the northwest slope below 9500 ft. Inyo:
none. Mono: Rock Cr mouth, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3497 (UC1534829, UCR48255). Esmeralda: none.
Mineral: none.
Pentagramma Yatskievych et al. Gold-Back Fern

Reference: G. Yatskievych, M.D. Windham & E. Wollenweber. 1990. Amer. Fern J. 80:9-17
Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulf) Yatskievych et al. ssp. triangularis - Gold-Backed Fern.
Uncommon, shaded rock crevices below 7000 ft on the northwest slope of the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
mouth Rock Cr, Morefield & McCarty 3493 (UC1534826, ARIZ279546) UFalls Canyon, Morefield & McCarty
3506 (UC1535065, ARIZ279542). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
DIVISION IV. CONIFEROPHYTA – Conifers
KEY TO FAMILIES
1. Stems jointed; east side desert shrubs; resin lacking see ..................................... Ephedraceae Mormon-tea
1' Stems not jointed; arborescent; resin present
2. Leaves scale like, with decurrent bases, cones fleshy when young, oval, <1.5 cm in diameter
............................................................................................................. Cupressaceae Junipers & Cedars
2' Leaves needle like, the bases not decurrent on the stem; cones >1.5 cm diameter, not notably fleshy
when young ............................................................................................................... Pinaceae Pines & Firs
CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family (CUP - 7b)

Juniperus L. Juniper
(Sect. Sabina)
1' Small to large usually single trunked trees; mature cones dark blue to black ........................... J. occidentalis
1' Mature cones reddish; small, multi-trunked trees 3-5 m tall ......................................................J. osteosperma
Juniperus occidentalis Hooker ssp. australis Vasek - Sierra Juniper.
Sporadic, steep rocky canyon walls at 9500-11000 in the northerly part of the range (Elliott-Fisk 1986).
Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Cottonwood Cr, Morefield 2289 (NY20251) Unear the Crooked Creek lab,
Mooney s.n (UCR4253). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Juniperus osteosperma (Torrey) Little - Utah Juniper.
Frequent, codominating open woodlands on slopes, more abundant on alluvial benches derived from all
substrata, throughout the range at 5500-9900 ft. Inyo: Westgard Pass: the Narrows, Lloyd 2759
(UC1300035, NY20358); L.M. & J.S. Schulz 5027 (NY20369); P.C. Everett & E. K. Balls 21939 (RSA110443)
UCedar Flat, Duran 3129 (UC477395, POM219833, RSA4377, SD47), D. Charlet 1735 (UCR90434,
UCR92985); F.C. Vasek 1 (UCR1920, UCR1941), 10 (UCR1952); M. Neel 1 (UCR129143), 2 (UCR129144), 3
(UCR129142); Dedecker 6145 (RSA626288); H. Witham 636 (SD76201); D. Howe s.n. (SD28296) UGrandview
Campground, M. Neel 1 (UCR130481), 2 (UCR129147), 3 (UCR130480), 4 (UCR129140, SD139408), 5
(UCR129141); J. Reddehase 12 (UCSC3853), D. Clemmens 1795 (SD121622) Ueast side Westgard Pass,
C.B. Wolf 3232 (POM195295, RSA8795) UGrandview Mine, Black Canyon, L.C. Wheeler 8848 (RSA596733)
Uvicinity Mollie Gibson Mine, Morefield 2064 (NY20357) USilver Canyon, Jepson 7218 (JEPS48345)
URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, Duran 1691 (UC1297175); Duran 1691 (UC1297175). Mono: McAfee
Creek canyon, Fish Lk Valley drainage, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3630 (UC1545344, NY20356, UCR60055,
MO00813642) UBenton Valley, F.C. Vasek 8 (UCR1950). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: Montgomery Pass,
L.S.Rose 68142 (NY20434), J.F.Brenckle 51021 (NY20439); F.C. Vasek 6 (UCR1949), 8 (UCR1949) Uroad to
Tip Top Mine, P.Train 3995 (NY20459).
PINACEAE - Pine Family (PIN - 7)

Pinus L. Pine
1. Needles solitary in the fascicles ................................................................................................. P. monophylla
1' Needles 2 or more per fascicle
2. Needles 2 per fascicle ................................................................................................................. P. contorta
2' Needles 3 or 5 per fascicle

3. Needles 3 per fascicle
4. Prickles of cone scales curving inward, not felt when the cone is rolled in hand; leaves blue
green; odor of bark terpene similar to butterscotch .................................................................... P. jeffreyi
4' Prickles of cone scales curving outward, prickles felt when rolled in hand; leaves green;
bark odor not distinctive other than pine.............................................................................. P. ponderosa
3' Needles 5 per fascicle
5. Cones always disintegrated by birds, never found intact on ground below tree; seed wings
persistent on cone scale
.............................................................................................................................................. P. albicaulis
5' Cones falling to ground intact; seed wings not attached to cone scale
6. Umbo terminal, unarmed, needles to 7 cm long, retained on the tree for "15 yr
................................................................................................................................................... P. flexilis
6' Umbo dorsal, with a slender incurved prickle; needles <3.5 cm long, retained on the tree for "30 yr
....................................................................................................................................... P. longaeva ‚
Pinus albicaulis Engelmann - Whitebark Pine.
Local, near timberline in subalpine forest amidst P. flexilis in the far northern part of the range (unknown to
Elliott-Fisk 1986). Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: head southeast fork Middle Creek, 10100 ft,
Taylor 8849 (RSA). Mineral: none.
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon ssp. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Critchfield - Lodgepole Pine.
Local in isolated stands scattered in the central and northern part of the range at 9500-11000 ft (cf. Elliott-
Fisk 1986). Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Perry Aiken Cr, Morefield & Ross 4727 (NY49933, NY49932)
UCottonwood Cr, D.F. Howe s.n. (SD28293) UCabin Cr, Kleinforth s.n. (LA). A small grove occurs in Milner
Creek at 9500 ft (Taylor obs.). Esmeralda: none. Shockley 602 (JEPS48225) is from an unknown station in
the White Mountains.
Pinus flexilis James - Limber Pine.
A frequent, codominant of subalpine woodlands at 9000-11800 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman
Creek, V.Duran 704 (NY61438, RSA4036), 3037 (UC477344, SD12) USchulman Grove, E.L. Little Jr. 19147
(UC1323648), R.J.Rodin 9502 (UC1418488); H. Witham 635 (SD76200, SD136363) Unear Sierra View,
P.Everett & E.K.Balls 21919 (RSA109900, SD46453). Mono: Crooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3059
(UC1311805, UC1362055, NY61440) UCrooked Creek lab, J.M.Tucker 2245 (UC984797), 2244 (UC984796),
3436 (SBBG342); E.R. Blakley 4636 (SBBG24239) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Cr, Morefield 2443 (NY61448)
UBig Prospector Meadow, R. Bacagalupi et al. 8198 (JEPS46818) UStation Pk, Duran 1585 (UC1297176)
UPatriarch Grove, F.Ewers s.n. (UC1476905). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, Morefield et al. 4000 (NY61421,
NY61422). Esmeralda: none.
Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. - Jeffrey Pine.
Rare, restricted to isolated, relict stands in the central portion of the range (Elliott-Fisk 1986). The presence
of the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium campylopodum Engelm.which is parastitic on this pine has not been
established in the Whites. Inyo: Wyman Creek at 8500 ft, V. Duran 705 (NY61699). Mono: Jeffrey Mine
Canyon, Elliott-Fisk (1986) reports about 500 trees, without a voucher. Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Pinus longaeva D.K.Bailey - Bristlecone Pine.
Abundant, forming extensive subalpine forests most often on calcareous substrata (Wright & Mooney 1965),
occasionally on other substrata, 9000-12100 ft in the southern part of the range. Reaching greatest age of
any vascular plant? ‚ CNPS List 4 ‚ Inyo: canyon near Molly Gibson Mine, Morefield 2068 (NY61692),
2069 (NY61693) USchulman Grove, A.N. Steward, C.B. Steward & K.Fiker 7462 (NY61714), L. Brubaker s.n.
(SJSU2480); E.L. Little Jr. 19148 (UC1323644); D. Myrick s.n. (SBBG24245), E.R.Blakley 3580 (SBBG24246),
3581 (SBBG24242), K.K.Muller 1050 (SBBG14820, SD121708), R. Schmid 78-194b (UC1444547); P.C. Everett
& E.K.Balls 21929 (RSA110035, SD46452); C.W. Tilforth 1500 (RSA265654); R. Enfield 22380 (RSA110034);
A. Farjon 284 (RSA551547); T.I. Chuang et al. 7732 (JEPS79201); R. Chaney s.n. (UC1004350); R.J. Rodin
9501 (UC1418489); H. Witham 634 (SD136375, SD76199); D.F. Howe s.n. (SD51359) UReed Flat, J.&L.
Roos 5816 (RSA72077) UWyman Canyon, Duran 3038 (UC1061664, UC477345, RSA4034, POM219831,
SD11), Lloyd 2822 (UC1300005, UC1318259, NY61702) L.C. Wheeler 8515 (RSA602017); G. Willett s.n.
(RSA384285) UWyman Canyon 3 mi above Roberts Ranch, R.S.Ferris 6920 (NY61700, NY61701). Mono:
Cottonwood Creek, Morefield 3109 (UC1523925, NY61694, NY61695, RSA347646, UCR44091); J.C. Roos
s.n. (UCR19273) Us of Crooked Creek lab, J.M.Tucker 2244 (UC984796), 3437 (SBBG335, RSA119262);
E.R.Blakley 4637 (SBBG24244); D.E. Breedlove 1022 (UCSB13352); J. McPherson 183 (UCSB19794)
UPatriarch Grove, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8171 (JEPS46778, UC1250342, SD58454, SD136376); L.C. Wheeler
7512 (RSA624476); K. & M. Heil 8464 (SJNM20105, SJNM19329); R. Wolfe s.n. (UCSB38); D. Clemmens
1793 (SD122604, SD136348) UCampito Mtn, Jepson 7337 (JEPS88713, JEPS47889), H.L. Mason 14564
(UC1191141, UC1191140) UCottonwood Creek, Duran 1644 (UC1297177) UCrooked Cr, Lloyd 3269
(UC1311746); Mooney s.n. (RSA384286) UNorth Fork of Chiatovich Creek, T.S. Elias et al. 10420
(RSA389286) Uvicinity Barcroft Lak, J. McPherson 168 (UCSB19759), 170 (UCSB5743). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Pinus monophylla Torrey & Fremont - Pinyon.
Common, dominant of montane woodlands at 6500-10300 ft throughout the range, descending to the desert
border in riparian sites. Inyo: White Mtn Rd 4 mi W Westgard Pass, Lloyd 2716 (UC1299943, NY61878); H.
Witham 637 (SD76191) UCedar Flat, Duran 706 (NY61870, RSA4035), 3024 (UC477346, POM219832,
SD20); C.B. Wolf 3233 (RSA8834); J. Reddehase 13 (UCSC3850) UGrandview Campground, D. Clemmens
1796 (SD122364, SD136334)Ucanyon near Molly Gibson Mine, Morefield 2065 (NY61883) USierra View,
F.Ewers s.n. (UC1476907); A. Farjon 282 (RSA551562) UGrandview Mine, L.C. Wheeler 8849 (RSA596732).
Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Pinus ponderosa Lawson - Ponderosa Pine, Yellow Pine.
Rare, known from a small relic colony in Lone Tree Creek (Elliott-Fisk 1986). Inyo: Lone Tree Creek, 7000
ft, D.M. Powell s.n. (UCSB20951) is the only regional record. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
DIVISION V. GNETOPHYTA – Ededra
EPHEDRACEAE - Ephedra Family (EPH - 8)

Ephedra L. Mormon-Tea
1. Twigs bright green to yellow green
2. Leaves 2 per node, if deciduous but leaving the thickened base; twigs yellowish
......................................................................................................................................................... E. aspera
2' Leaves 3 per node, persistent; twigs greenish ............................................................................... E. viridis
1' Twigs gray, glaucous when young; leaf base gray .................................................................... E. nevadensis
Ephedra aspera S. Watson - Sonoran Desert Mormon-tea.
Infrequent, flats and moderate to steep slopes in desert scrub and sparingly extending upslope into
sagebrush scrub, below 6500 ft on the far easterly flanks of the range. Inyo: below upper Sam's Spring,
Morefield 3994 (NY70041, RSA474956), 3998 (NY70040, RSA474960) USilver Canyon, C.B. Wolf 2590
(RSA3214). Mono: near Oasis, C.N.Smith 1378 (JEPS48134). Esmeralda: 2.7 mi NNE Sand Spring,
Morefield 2941 (NY70025). Mineral: none
Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson - Great Basin Mormon-tea.
Frequent, flats and moderate to steep slopes in desert scrub and sparingly into sagebrush scrub below 6500
ft throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon 1 mile above the mouth, Duran 3171 (UC1297173) USilver
Canyon, north fork on volcanics, C.B.Wolf 2590 (UC527267) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Morefield
2091 (RSA463947) Unear Antelope Springs, Morefield 1910 (RSA463570), 3995 (RSA474958, NY70312) U2
mi E Westgard Pass, R. T. Schuh 59 (NY70352). Mono: mouth Milner Creek, Duran 3235 (UC1297174).
Ephedra viridis Cov. - Green ephedra.
Common, southerly facing canyon slopes at 7200-11200 ft throughout the range. Inyo: U Westgard Pass
Narrows, W. Wisura et al. 4457 (RSA525164); D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81061, SD81071) U 3.8 mi N Westgard
Pass on White Mtn Rd, Lloyd 2746 (UC1300040) Unear Grandview, J. M. Tucker 3438 (SBBG406)
USchulman Grove K. K. Muller 1041 (SBBG46367, UCR24538); R.J. Rodin 9053 (UC1418481, UCR29142)
USierra View, Dedecker 6122 (NY579518, RSA626425) Usouth of Wyman Cr Narrows, Morefield 1984
(RSA463940) Uabove upper Sam's Spring, Morefield 3993 (NY70849, RSA474955) USilver Canyon, J.
Grinnell et al. 105 (UC401328). Mono: Crooked Cr, 9400 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8095 (JEPS28223), Tucker
2248 (UC984799) UCottonwood Cr, 9500 ft, Duran 1602 (UC1297172). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
DIVISION VI. ANTHOPHYTA - Flowering Plants

CLASS 1. DICOTYLEDONES - Dicots
Key to Groups
1. Petals lacking (calyx sometimes petaloid)
2. Woody plants (trees, vines or shrubs) ............................................................................................ GROUP 1
2' Herbaceous plants, woody at the base only ................................................................................... GROUP 2
1' Petals present, readily evident
3. Petals separate
4. Stamens few, not more than twice as many as the petals ........................................................ GROUP 3
4' Stamens many, more than twice as many as the petals ........................................................... GROUP 4
3' Petals fused (totally or only at base) .............................................................................................. GROUP 5
GROUP 1. WOODY PLANTS WITHOUT PETALS OR PETALS RUDIMENTARY

(SEPALS or BRACTS SOMETIMES PETALOID)

1. Leaves compound
2. Vines, woody at base, climbing by means of contorted petioles; calyx petaloid
...................................................................................................Ranunculaceae (Clematis) virgins bower
2' Shrubs or Trees; leaflets 3, fruit hairy .............................................. Aceraceae (Acer negundo) box elder
1' Leaves simple (though often deeply lobed)
3. Parasitic on branches of trees .................................................................................... Viscaceae mistletoe
3' Plants not parasitic
4. Flowers in catkins, at least the male inflorescences
5. Calyx absent; male flowers subtended by bracts; fruit a capsule, in catkins
................................................................................................................... Salicaceae willow, poplar
5' Calyx present in male flowers
6. Fruit enclosed in a spiny bur
NOT YET DOCUMENTED IN OUR FLORA ..................................... Fagaceae oak, chinquapin
6' Fruit cone-like, or a single nut enclosed by a leafy-involucre
................................................................................................. Betulaceae alder, birch, hazelnut
4' Flowers not in catkins
7. Leaves of secondary branchlets opposite .................................................................. Oleaceae olive
7' Leaves of secondary branches alternate
8. Leaves coarsely serrate only upper half; fruit a plumose achene
.........................................................................Rosaceae (Cercocarpus) mountain mahogany
8' Leaves entire or serrate along their whole length
9. Pubescence scurfy; fruit an utricle enclosed within a pair of bracts
...................................................................................Chenopodiaceae (Atriplex) saltbush
9' Pubescence of small unbranched, usually inconspicuous trichomes; fruit a drupe or berry
10. Fruit a capsule, green, with 3-horns - NOT YET DOCUMENTED IN OUR FLORA
Ceanothus greggii ..................................................................... Rhamnaceae buckbrush
10' Fruit a spheric drupe, or a winged nutlet ................................. Ulmaceae elm, hackbarry
GROUP 2. HERBACEOUS PLANTS WITHOUT PETALS

(SEPALS SOMETIMES PETALOID)
1. Aquatic plants, submerged or stranded on mud; ovary superior; flowers minute
......................................................................................................................... Callitrichaceae water starwort
1' Terrestrial, though sometimes growing on muddy shores (then without arenchyma)
2. Flowers lacking any perianth, imperfect, borne in clusters within an involucre; capsule 3-lobed; sap milky ... Euphorb
2' Sepals present, occasionally petaloid
3. Pistils many, distinct; stamens 10 to many .................................................. Ranunculaceae buttercup
3' Pistil 1
4. Ovary enclosed within the floral tube
5' Stipules absent; leaves opposite; sand or dunes
...................................................................................... Nyctaginaceae sand verbena, four o'clock
5' Stipules joined to petiole; inflorescence a dense spike subtended by a whorl of white petaloid
bracts ...................................................................................... Sauraceae (Anemopsis) lizard-tail
4' Ovary not enclosed in floral tube
6. Style and stigma single; calyx 4-parted; stamens 4 .......................................... Urticaceae nettle
CAUTION - Stinging hairs
6' Style and stigmas more than 1
7. Leaves palmately compound ...................................................... Cannabaceae marijuana, hops
7' Leaves simple
8. Ovary with 2 or more chambers ....................................................................... Molluginaceae
8' Ovary unilocular
9. Leaves opposite; ovules or seeds more than 1; fruit a capsule
............................................................................................ Caryophyllaceae pinks & allies
9' Leaves alternate various, alternate or opposite; ovule or seed solitary; fruit an achene or
utricle
10. Flowers subtended by an involucre, or the leaves with an evident stipular sheath
(ochrae), or the calyx 6-cleft
.................................................................................. Polygonaceae buckwheats and allies

10' Flowers without an involucre, or ochrae absent, or calyx 1-5 cleft
11. Leaves opposite; fruit an utricle ....................................... Caryophyllaceae (Scleranthus)
11' Leaves alternate
12. Floral bracts not scarious; plants scurfy, or resinous, or succulent halophytes
....................................................................................... Chenopodiaceae chenopods
12' Floral bracts scarious; not scurfy or succulent halophytes
.............................................................................................. Amaranthaceae amaranth
GROUP 3. PLANTS WITH SEPARATE PETALS;

STAMENS NOT MORE THAN TWICE AS MANY AS PETALS
1. Ovary inferior, either wholly or partly
2. Herbs ...................................................................................................................... Loasaceae blazing star
2' Shrubs or trees
3. Leaves opposite ................................................................................... Philadelphaceae mock orange
3' Leaves alternate .......................................................................................... Rosaceae roses and allies
1' Ovary superior
5. Shrubs or trees, woody well above the base, pistals >1 .................................. Rosaceae roses and allies
5' Herbs, woody only at the level of the caudex
6. Sepals 2
7. Plants fleshy; sepals persistent ................................................................. Portulacaceae purslanes
7' Plants not fleshy; sepals deciduous at anthesis .......................................... Papaveraceae poppies
6' Sepals 3 or more
8. Stamens with the filaments united into a tube .................................................... Malvaceae mallows
8' Stamens with the filaments mostly free (except at very base)
9. Leaves opposite
not documented ................................................... Hypericaceae St. Johns-worts, tinker's penny
9' Leaves alternate ....................................................................... Ranunculaceae buttercups & allies
GROUP 4. PLANTS WITH SEPARATE PETALS or FLOWERS PEA-LIKE

STAMENS NOT MORE THAN TWICE AS MANY AS PETALS
1. Pistils 2 or more, separate or largely so (may be slightly united at base)
2. Woody shrubs with spinescent branchlets ........................................................................ Crossomataceae
2' Herbs
3. Plants succulent, the leaves fleshy; fruits follicular ................... Crassulaceae stonecrop, live forever
3' Plants not succulent
4. Stamens attached below the ovary; small annuals with a elongate, cylindrical receptacle
.............................................................................................. Ranunculaceae (Myosurus) mousetail
4' Stamens attached to the floral tube
5. Stipules absent; pistils "equal in number to sepals ............... Saxifragaceae saxifrages & allies
5' Stipules present; pistils "fewer than sepals .......................................... Rosaceae roses & allies
1' Pistil 1
6. Style 1, sometimes divided at tip into stigma lobes
7. Ovary inferior
8. Plants herbaceous .......................................................................................................... Onagraceae
8' Trees or shrubs
9. Leaves opposite; leaves ovate, entire; never armed with spines .............. Cornaceae dogwoods
9' Leaves alternate; leaves digitately divided, serrate; some species armed with spines
............................................................................................... Grossulariaceae gooseberry, currant
7' Ovary superior
10. Trees or shrubs
11. Leaves compound
12' Leaflets 11-25, fruit elongate, contorted samara ............................................ Simaroubaceae
12' Leaflets 2, fused at base; fruit a densely hairy capsule; flowers yellow
................................................................................ Zygophyllaceae (Larrea) creosote bush
11' Leaves simple; stamens 10; leaves 3-6 cm long and "1 cm wide; leathery
................................................................................................ Ericaceae (Ledum) Labrador tea

10' Herbaceous (woody only at caudex)
13. Sepals 2 or 3
14. Plants succulent or fleshy; sepals persistent
.................................................................................... Portulacaceae purslains and relatives
14' Plants not fleshy or succulent; petals 4, in 2 dissimilar pairs
.................................................................................................. Fumariaceae bleeding heart
13' Sepals 4 or 5, or more
14. Flowers irregular
15. Flowers pea-like; fruit a legume .............................. Fabaceae clover, lupine etc. & allies
15' Flowers not pea-like; fruit a capsule .......................................................... Violaceae violet
14' Flowers regular
16. Leaves compound, leaflets entire
17. Leaves opposite; leaflets 10-16 ........................... Zygophyllaceae puncture vine
17' Leaves alternate; leaflets 3; stamens 2-6; fruits stipitate; plants often malodorous
....................................................... Capparaceae clammy weed; jackass clover
16' Leaves simple, or compound and the leaflets toothed
18. Ovary enclosed in a deep floral tube, appearing inferior
........................................................................................... Lythraceae loosestrife
18' Ovary clearly appearing superior
19. Sepals and petals 4 ....................................................... Brassicaceae mustard
19' Sepals and petals 5; style column elongate in fruit
........................................................................ Geraniaceae geranium, filaree
6' Styles 2-5, sometimes fused at base
20. Woody plants, definite trees or shrubs
21' Ovary superior
22. Leaves small, scale like, the branchlets green; flowers small, in large clusters
.......................................................................................................... Tamaricaceae tamarix
22' Leaves not reduced and scale-like; opposite; palmately lobed; fruit a samara, winged
................................................................................................................... Aceraceae maple
21' Ovary inferior
23. Leaves palmately veined; fruit a berry ......................................................... Grossulariaceae
23' Leaves pinnately veined; fruit a pome ...................................................................... Rosaceae
20' Plants herbaceous, or vines but the stems still largely herbaceous
24. Ovary inferior
25. Fruit a several seeded capsule ........................................................................ Saxifragaceae
25' Fruit a mericarp ................................................................................ Apiaceae carrot & allies
24' Ovary superior
26. Sepals 2; plants succulent or fleshy .................................... Portulacaceae purslane & allies
26' Sepals 3 or more; plants not succulent or fleshy
27. Ovary 2-5 celled .......................................................................................... Linaceae flax
27' Ovary 1 celled
28. Capsule 3-10 valved; placentation central
............................................................................................ Chenopodiaceae chenopods
28' Capsule 2-4 valved; placentation parietal
............................................................................................. Frankeniaceae alkali heath
GROUP 5. PLANTS WITH CONNATE PETALS

1. Ovary inferior or partly so
2. Flowers in an involucrate capitulum; stamens fused to the corolla
................................................................................................................................ Asteraceae composites
2' Flowers not in involucrate heads; stamens free from corolla
............................................................................................................................Campanulaceae bellflower
3. Leaves alternate; flowers regular ................................................................ Campanulaceae bellflower
3' Leaves opposite or whorled
4. Stamens 1-3; flowers irregular ..................................................................... Valerianaceae valerian
4' Stamens 4-5; flowers regular or irregular;ovary 2-5 chambered; flowers not in involucrate spikes
5. Leaves whorled and herbs, or stipulate shrubs with flowers in dense spherical heads
....................................................................................................................................... Rubiaceae
5' Leaves opposite or perfoliate, shrubs or vines ...................................................... Caprifoliaceae
1' Ovary superior
6. Stamens more than 5
7. Pistils several; stamens 10; plants succulent .................................................................... Crassulaceae
7' Pistil 1
8. Corolla irregular
9. Leaves dissected ............................................................................ Fumariaceae bleeding heart
9' Leaves entire ........................................................................................... Polygalaceae milkwort
8' Corolla regular ..................................................................................................... Malvaceae mallow
6' Stamens less than 5
10. Plants parasitic, chlorophyll lacking
11. Twining orange, annual vines; roots absent ................................................... Cuscutaceae dodder
11' Perennial root parasites ...................................................................... Orobanchaceae broom-rape
10' Green plants with chlorophyll
12. Corolla irregular
13. Fruit of 2-4 nutlets; leaves opposite
14. Ovary 4-lobed; style arising centrally between ovary lobes, cleft at the apex
........................................................................................................................ Lamiaceae mint
14' Ovary not lobed; style apical, entire ................................................... Verbenaceae verbena
13' Fruit a capsule; ovary 2-chambered
............................................................................................. Scrophulariaceae figwort & allies
12' Corolla regular
15. Plants with milky juice
16. Styles united; stamens not united by their filaments
............................................................................................................ Apocynaceae dogbane
16' Styles distinct; stamens united by their filaments, often borne within hoods
.................................................................................................. Asclepiadaceae milkweed
26' Plants without milky juice
17. Stamens as many as and opposite corolla lobes, of with an additional series of
staminodes ....................................................... Primulaceae primrose, shooting star
17' Stamens as many as and then alternate with corolla lobes, or fewer than corolla lobes
18. Corolla dry scarious, veins on corolla lobes not evident
................................................................................................ Plantaginaceae plantain
18' Corolla soft and veined
19. Ovary 4-chambered, commonly 4-lobed, each lobe forming a nutlet; inflorescence
a coiled cyme .................................... Boraginaceae popcorn flower, fiddleneck
19' Ovary with 3 or fewer chambers
20. Style 3-cleft; ovary 3-chambered, capsule 3-valved
.......................................................................................... Polemoniaceae phlox
20' Style not 3-cleft
21. Calyx of 5 distinct sepals or the sepals united only at the base; styles 2, or
1and bifid at tip
22. Plants twining or trailing; corolla pleated in bud
...................................................... Convolvulaceae morning glory
22' Plants erect, never twining; corolla not pleated in bud
23. Inflorescence often coiled in bud; leaves alternate
.............................................................. Hydrophyllaceae waterleaf
23' Inflorescence not coiled; leaves opposite
........................................................................................Geraniaceae
21' Calyx united, with 4-5 lobes; style 1, entire
24. Leaves opposite.................................................... Gentianaceae gentian
24' Leaves alternate ................................ Solanaceae nightshade, tomato
ACERACEAE - MAPLE FAMILY (ACE - 164)

Acer L. Maple
1. Leaves pinnately compound with 3-5 leaflets; petals absent; tree to 20 meters tall ....................... A. negundo
1' Leaves palmately lobed; petals present; shrub or small tree to 6 meters tall ................................... A. glabrum
Acer glabrum Torrey var. diffusum (Greene) F.J. Smiley - Sierra Nevada Mountain Maple.
Local, shaded mesic cliffs and rocky northerly facing slopes and talus fields in canyons, 8500-10400 ft in the southern
end of the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8600 ft, Mitchell 2263 (UC1299864); S. L.Timbrook 7680 (SD121809) UBirch
Cr, Duran 3032 (UC477416, SD2926). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 8700 ft, Duran 2576 (UC1297429, UTC109900).
Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Acer negundo L. var. interius (Britton) Sarg. - Box-elder.
Local, riparian sites below 7000 ft on the southern part of the range. Inyo: Ulymeyer Spring, C. Davidson
3988 (RSA386065) UCottonwood Creek, near an old cabin, 5800 ft, Mitchell 2159 (UC1297429), Morefield
4977 (UC1552020). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
AMARANTHACEAE - AMARANTH FAMILY (AMA - 80)

Amaranthus L. Amaranth
1. Inflorescence clusters axillary
2. Stems erect; pistillate sepals 3, 0.7-2.2 mm ..................................................................................... A. albus
2' Stems prostrate; pistillate sepals 1-5, 1-3.5 mm ..........................................................................A. blitoides
1' Inflorescence clusters terminal as well as a few axillary ................................................................... A. powellii
Amaranthus albus L. - White Amaranth, Tumbleweed.
Occasional weed of roadsides, ruderal sites, and disturbed areas below 5000 ft on the southwestern flanks
of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4950 ft, Morefield (Additions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson - Mat Amaranth.
Infrequent weed of roadsides, ruderal sites, and disturbed areas below 8500 ft on the southern portion of
the range. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3166 (UC1297169). UWestgard Pass,
Morefield 4734 (RSA437640) UPayson Canyon, 6800 ft, M. DeDecker 5696 (RSA457029, RSA626566).
Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Amaranthus powellii S. Watson – John Wesley Powell's Amaranth.
Infrequent, disturbed sites, roadsides, and grazed riparian sites, below 7000 ft on the southeastern flank of
the range. Inyo: Antelope Springs, Morefield 3110 (UC1523935, UCR44215). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
none; Mineral: none.
APIACEAE - Carrot Family (API - 228)

Key to Genera
1. Leaves with stipules, peltate; aquatic plants ................................................. Hydrocotyle marsh pennywort
1' Leaves with sheathing bases, pinnately compound to dissected; wetlands or uplands
14. Leaves once-pinnate; wetlands
3. Styles long and filiform, 3-4x as long as the stylopodium (enlarged basal portion of style)
....................................................................................................................................... Oxypolis cowbane
3' Styles short, the narrow portion <2x the stylopodium length
4. Fruit winged; plants with celery odor, taprooted .............................................................................. Apium
4` Fruit ribbed but not winged, lacking celery odor; fibrous rooted ........................... Berula water-parsnip
2' Leaves twice pinnate or thrice pinnate
5. Flowers yellow; plants 1-2 m tall, anise scented ...................................................... Foeniculum fennel
5' Flowers white
6. Only lateral wings of fruits winged, dorsal ribs not .............................................................. Lomatium
6' Both lateral and dorsal fruit ribs winged
7. Fruit ribs undulate; flowers yellow to cream; low herbs <2-3 dm tall
................................................................................................................................. Cymopteris
7' Fruit ribs not undulate; flowers white
8. Flowers pedicellate, the inflorescence loose; ovary with a conical stylopodium
.................................................................................................................................. Angelica
8' Flowers on short rudimentary pedicles, the inflorescence densely spherical; ovary with a flat
stylopodium
........................................................................................ Sphenosciadium swamp whiteheads
Angelica L.
1. Fruits 10-13 mm long; ultimate segments of the leaves 2-4 mm wide, linear .............................. A. lineariloba
1' Fruits 3-7 mm long; ultimate segments of the leaves 3-8 mm wide, lanceolate .................................A. breweri
Angelica kingii (S. Watson) J.M. Coulter & Rose – Clarance King’s angelica.
Frequent, moist grassy streambanks and meadows, and mesic subalpine forest settings, below 10500 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Marble Fork Black Canyon, Duran 2851 (UC697971, POM179789). Mono:
Cottonwood Cr, Duran 1652 (UC697972); T.S. Elias & K. Teare 10431 (RSA389293, RSA389294) ULeidy Cr,
Morefield 4151 (UC1549857, RSA464022) UMcCloud Camp, Lloyd 2916 (UC1300086). Esmeralda: Trail
Canyon, Duran 2500 (UC) UQueen Canyon, R.S.Ferris 6692 (DS). Mineral: none.
Angelica lineariloba A. Gray - Narrow-leaflet Angelica.
Frequent, sunny streambanks and wet meadows, or mesic talus on northerly facing slopes, at 7500-11000 ft
throughout the length of the range. The distribution of this species is centered in the eastern Sierra Nevada-
White Mountain region of Mono and Inyo Counties, shortly disjunct to Silver Peak, Esmeralda County,
Nevada. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8200 ft, Lloyd 3048 (UC1300240) URoberts Ranch, Duran 1705 (UC697968),
3151 (SD62339) 3152 (UC697969, RSA181998). USchulman Grove, Dedecker 6139 (RSA626293). Mono:
North Fork Crooked Cr, 9400 ft, R. Bacagalupi et al. 8097 (JEPS28225) UMcCloud Camp, Lloyd 2916
(UC1300086) UCrooked Creek, T.E. Lewis Jr. 78 (CHSC27684) Uspring along Liedy Cr, 7050 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 4151 (UC1549857). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Apium L.
*Apium graveolens L. - Celery
Infrequent, moist streambeds and springs, persisting sparingly after cultivation elsewhere, below 6500 ft on
the Wflank of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: mouth of Milner Cr, Morefield & McCarty 3955 (UC1535022).
Berula W.J.D. Koch Water Parsnip

Berula erecta (Hudson) Cov. var. incisa (Torrey) Cronq. - Cut-leaved Water-Parsnip.
Infrequent but locally dominant, springs and shallow water wetland sites, below 6500 ft on the southern end
of the range. Inyo: Antelope Springs, Deep Springs Valley, Lloyd 3002 (UC1300205)l; Lloyd & Mitchell 1748
(UC1282169, SD62303) USilver Canyon, Duran 3172 (UC697991); F. Roberts 3475 (UCI25615); D.F. Howe
1044 (SD28305). Mono County; none; Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none.
Cymopteus Raf.
1. Head dense, spherical, individual umbels not readily evident; bractlets absent
2. Leaves scabrous puberulent; fruit glabrous .............................................................................. C. cinerarius
2' Leaves glabrous; fruit pubescent ........................................................................................... C. globosus ‚
1' Heads open, the rays evident.
3. Bractlets of the involucel large and showy; flowers rose to purple
.............................................................................................................................................C. purpurascens
3' Bractlets of the involucel small or, if larger, herbaceous
4. Leaves pubescent; flowers white ....................................................................................... C. aboriginum
4' Leaves glabrous; flowers yellow .....................................................................................C. terebinthinus
Cymopteus aboriginum M.E. Jones - Desert cymopteris.
Local, rocky slopes and rock-crevices on calcareous substrates in pinyon woodland, below 9900 ft on the
southern end of the range. [Cymopterus panamintensis J.M. Coulter & Rose, misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell
1973] ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: Birch Cr, A. Tiehm & J. Morefield 8545 (UC1508620) UTollhouse Springs,
Lloyd 2717 (UC1299942) UMarble Fork, Black Canyon, Duran 2733 (UC697990) UWestgard Pass, A.
Alexander & L. Kellogg 2493 (UC670001); P.A. Munz 13541 (RSA49535) Ucanyon NW Poleta Mine, Morefield
2612 (RSA346903) UGunter Canyon, Dedecker 6343 (RSA626441, UCR110350) USilver Canyon, P.A. Munz
13556 (RSA49520) Mono: 1 mile up Coldwater Canyon, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3424 (UC1534852,
UCR47449) UMcAfee Creek 1 mile above mouth, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3627 (UC1535013, UCR47573).
Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none. County unknown: White Mountains, C.A. Purpus s.n. in
1898 (JEPS15981).
Cymopteus alpinus A. Gray - Matted spring parsley.
The holotype of Podistera albensis Jepson, based on C.A Purpus 5831 (JEPS2803) is labeled as having been
collected in the White Mountains; however, R. Hartman (annotation on the holotype) has surmised that this
specimen actually came from the La Sal Mountains, Utah, and this species should be excluded from the
White Mtn flora (cf. Ertter 1986). [syn. Oreoxis alpina (A. Gray) J.M. Coulter & Rose] Podistera nevadensis (A.
Gray) S. Watson is attributed to the White & Inyo Mountain region in the Jepson Manual and Jepson Desert
Manual, but no specimen record is known to verify this report.
Cymopteus cinerarius A. Gray - Alpine cymopteris.

Infrequent, alpine ridges, deep sandy floors of cirque basins, and dolomitic scree in subalpine forest, 9000-
11300 ft in the southerly half the range. Inyo: near Schulman Grove, V. Dev et al. s.n. (RSA645305) UReed
Flat, J.&L. Roos 5831 (RSA71746). Mono: confluence Poison Cr and Cottonwood Cr, Taylor 13022
(JEPS89933) UPatriarch Grove, C.Sharsmith 9163 (SJSU14541) Unorth of Campito Meadow, B. Maguire &
A. Holmgren 26116 (UC701678, UTC68214) UCottonwood Creek, Duran 1645 (JEPS12322, UC697994) UN
Fork Crooked Creek, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8055 (JEPS28165) U Sheep Mtn, Dedecker 1247 (RSA621807); P.
Kamb 1244 (UCSC1453) UEva Belle Mine road, Dedecker 6371 (RSA627136) Ue slope Piute Mtn, R.
Bacigalupi et al. 8158 (JEPS29028). Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none.
Cymopteus globosus S. Watson - Nevada cymopteris.
Rare, large montane basins and floor of larger valley bottoms in deep sand or semi-stable, vegetated dunes.
‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: Benton, M.E.Jones s.n. in 1897 (POM) is a proximal record.
Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill north of Trail Canyon, Duran 2740 (UC698048). Mineral County; none.
Cymopteus purpurascens (A. Gray) M.E. Jones - purple cymopteus.
Infrequent, open rocky soil sites in pinyon woodland, 7000-8000 ft on the eastern flanks of the range. Inyo:
vicinity upper Sam’s Springs, Morefield 3292 (UC1534996). Mono: Cedar Flat, M. Mathias 3201 (LA).
Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; east slope Montgomery Pass, A. Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9544
(CAS).
Cymopteus terebinthinus (Hooker) M.E. Jones var. petraeus (M.E. Jones) Goodrich - Crevice cymopteris.
Frequent, crevices of cliffs, stable colluvium, rock outcrops, 7000-11000 ft throughout the range. [syn.
Pteryxia p. (M.E. Jones) J. Coult. & Rose]. Inyo: narrows of drainage northeast of Wyman Canyon, Morefield
& D.H.McCarty 3549 (UC1534899) UWyman Canyon, M. DeDecker 4203 (RSA619082), 4274 (RSA273728),
5510 (RSA625238), 6239 (RSA524909, RSA627053), 8300 ft, J.&L. Roos 5839 (RSA71752); D Charlton &
DeDecker s.n.(RSA552158) UWestgard Pass, A.Alexander & L. Kellogg 2498 (POM212452); F.M. Ball 1324
(RSA271718); P.A. Raven 14256 (RSA161300, SD60358); D.F. Howe 3030 (SD51410) U above Batchelder
Spring, J. Turner & F. M. Ball 1324 (RSA271718) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, V. Duran 2846
(POM214801). Mono County: none; Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none.
Foeniculum Mill.
*Foeniculum vulgare Miller - Fennel.
Infrequent introduction and perhaps a waif of disturbed sites and roadsides on the Wflank of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono County; first canyon north of Paiute Canyon, Morefield 2207 (WMRS, Additions III).
Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none.
Hydrocotyle L. Marsh Pennywort

Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. - Whorled Marsh Pennywort.
Infrequent, shallow water of quite streams and ponds on the Wflank bordering Owens Valley. Inyo: Warm
Springs, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3560 (UC1535008). Mono County; none; Esmeralda County; none;
Mineral County; none.
Lomatium Raf.
1. Fruits pubescent
2. Bracts scarious margined; flowers white or cream ................................................................. L. nevadense
2' Bracts not scarious margined, flowers yellow
3. Fruits distinctly pubescent; petioles equaling or generally longer than leaf blades; petals yellow to dark
purple .................................................................................................................................L. mohavense
3' Fryits hirtellous puberulent ; petioles shorter than leaf blades; petals yellow only ........L. foeniculaceum
4. Petals ciliolate-margined .................................................................. L. foeniculaceum ssp. fimbriatum
4' Petals glabrous ................................................................................ L. foeniculaceum ssp. inyoense ‚
1' Fruits glabrous ............................................................................................................................ L. nevadense
Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nuttall) J. Coult. & Rose ssp. fimbriatum W. Theobold - Fennel Parsnip.
Scattered on rocky open dry sites throughout the range. Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) J. Coult. & Rose
ssp. inyoense (Mathiias & Constance) W. Theobold of the Inyo Mountains has been reported to grow in the
White Mountains (Cronquist et al. 1997) but all of the material we have seen is var. fimbriatum. Pawek 58-9,
cited by Thebold as a paratype of var. inyoense, was annotated by him as ssp. fimbriatum and is var.
fimbriatum in our opinion. Inyo: 0.1 mi NW summit Westgard Pass, 7300 ft, W. Theobold 708 (holotype LA);
P.A. Munz 13535 (RSA49569); 5 mi N, M. Dedecker 659 (RSA111690, RSA615472); 7 mi N, C. Davidson 4299
(RSA452576); 4 mi W, L. Blakley et al. s.n. (RSA703277) UStudebaker Flat. S.F Cook s.n. (UC1282633)
UCedar Flat. S.F Cook s.n. (UC1318281); Duran 3553 (UC698056) U0.7 mi SE Wyman Canyon bypass Rd,
Wyman Canyon, Morefield & D. H. McCarty 3648 (UC1545361, UCR59971, RSA437017) U 3 mi N Wyman
Canyon mouth, Morefield & D. H. McCarty 3536 (UC1534887) U1 mi E Wyman Canyon, 10000 ft, Lloyd
3056 (UC1300243) UGilbert Pass 4.3 mi NE Deep Springs, P.H.Raven 12933 (UC1167712) UReed Flat, P.A.
Munz 21002 (RSA115988) UPayson Canyon, Dedecker 2598 (RSA618599) Mono County; Campito Meadow,
W.L.Jepson 7281 (JEPS17025); V. Dev et al. s.n. (RSA645306); Dedecker 5480 (RSA625367) UCrooked Cr ,
Lloyd 3074 (UC1311795) Uvicinity Sheep Mtn, J. Pawek 9 (UC1113379). Esmeralda County; Trail Canyon,
8000 ft, Duran 2701 (UC) U2 mi N Sugarloaf, 8350 ft, Taylor 15274 (UC). Mineral County; mouth Queen
Canyon, 7100 ft, Duran 3251 (UC).
Lomatium mohavense (J.M. Coulter & Rose) J.M.Coulter & Rose - Mojave parsley.
Reported from the White Mountains by Cronquist et al. (1997), with the following cited by Lloyd & Mitchell
(1973). Inyo: Westgard Pass Rd above the Narrows, A. Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9626 (CAS). Mono: none.
Esmeralda County; east side Montgomery Pass, A. Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9543 (CAS). Mineral: none.
Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) J. Coult. & Rose var. nevadense - Nevada Parsnip.
Infrequent, dry upland slopes in sagebrush or woodland below 6000-8000 ft on the west slope on the
southern margin of our region. Inyo: Cedar Flat, A. Alexander & L. Kellogg 2493a (UC671586). Mono:
mouth of Rock Creek, Morefield & D. H. McCarty 3849 (UCR48166. UC1534822). Esmeralda County; none;
Oxypolis Raf. Cowbane

Oxypolis occidentalis J. Coult. & Rose - Western cowbane.
Local in wet meadows, fens and streamside settings, typically found in acid, organic soils, 4000-8500 ft on
the Wflank of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7000, Mitchell 2472 (UC1389278) is our only record. Mono
County; none; Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none.
Sphenosciadium A. Gray
Sphenosciadium capitellatum A. Gray - Swamp Whiteheads.
Frequent, moist semi-shaded to sunny open riparian borders, meadows, and spring margin sites, below
11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Duran 1726 (UC697992) UWyman Canyon, Duran
3145 (UC477407, UC697970, POM219706, SD3175) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Duran s.n.
(RSA4187). Mono County; near McCloud Camp, Lloyd 3136 (UC1300156) UCottonwood Cr, 9200 ft, Lloyd
3294 (UC1300261) UPoison Cr, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7373 (JEPS931). Esmeralda County; none; Mineral
County; none.
APOCYNACEAE - Dogbane Family (APO - 247)

Apocynum L. Dogbane
1. Corolla pink to reddish, 6-10 mm long, the lobes reflexed to spreading, corolla > 2x the calyx length
2. Plants 2-3 dm tall with drooping leaves ....................................................................... A. androsaemifolium
2' Plants 3-5 dm tall with spreading leaves .......................................................................... A. x. floribundum
1' Corolla white white or greenish white, <5.5 mm long, the lobes spreading to erect, corolla <2x calyx
3. Leaves usually spreading; corolla 3.5-5 mm long, the lobes usually spreading
.......................................................................................................................................... A. x. floribundum
3' Leaves reflexed (drooping); corolla 2.5-4.5 mm long, the lobes erect
4. Middle cauline leaves short petioled, cuneate at base ..................................................... A. cannabinum
4' Middle cauline leaves sessile and clasping ........................................................................... A. sibiricum
Apocynum androsaemifolium L. - Spreading Dogbane.
Sporadic in open subalpine forest, or riparian sites, below 10500 ft on the southerly flanks of the range.
Inyo: Wyman Canyon, Mitchell 2152 (UC1299920) Mono County; North Fork Cottonwood Cr, T. Elias & K.
Teare 10504 (RSA). Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none.
Apocynum cannabinum L. var. glaberrimum A. deCandolle - Indian Hemp.
Frequent, riparian areas below 9500 ft throughout the range. [syn. var. glaberrimum (Greene) Woodson] The
related A. sibiricum Jacq. var. saligeum (Greene) Fernald, recognized by Cronquist et al. (1984) but not by
Baldwin et al. (2001) should ouccr in the White Mountains, but is not yet vouchered. Inyo: just N of Black
Canyon, Mitchell 2077 (UC1299791). Mono County; none; Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County;
none.
Apocynum x floribundum Greene - Hybrid Dogbane.
Local, dry alluvial terraces bordering riparian sites, below 9000 ft on the northeastern flanks of the range.
[syn. A. medium Greene var. floribundum (Greene) Woodson] Inyo: none; Mono County; none, Esmeralda
County; Chiatovich Cr, 8000 ft, Duran 2569 (UC). Mineral County; none.
ASCLEPIADACEAE - Milkweed Family (ASC - 248)

Asclepias L. Milkweed
1. Herbage white from pubescence; leaves >>10 mm wide, ovate to lance-ovate
2' Horns not evident, absent or less than hood .......................................................................... A. cryptoceras
2. Horns exserted and evident
3. Hoods acuminate, > anther column by "2 their length ......................................................... A. speciosa
3' Hoods truncate, = to anther column ............................................................................................ A. erosa
1' Herbage purple-green to green; leaves "10 mm wide, linear ....................................................... A. fasciculata
Asclepias cryptoceras S. Watson ssp. davisii (Woodson) Woodson - Intermountain Milkweed.
Rare, steep loose sand, scree, or often hydrothermally altered volcanic clay deposits, below 9500 ft on the
northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono County; none; Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County;
Morefield 3932 (Additions IV).
Asclepias erosa Torrey - Desert milkweed.
Infrequent, dry washes and occasionally on roadsides, below 7000 ft on the eastern flank of the range.
Asclepias latifolia (Torrey) Rafinesque is reported for Inyo by Woodson. (1954) would key here. Inyo: none.
Mono County; mouth of McAfee Cr, on eroding dolomite, Morefield (Additions III). Esmeralda County; none;
Asclepias fascicularis Decne. - Narrow-leaved Milkweed.
Frequent in wet sites and riparian areas, below 9700 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4300 ft,
Duran 3127 (UC1297471) U5300 ft, Mitchell 2069 (UC1299813) U5500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7419 (JEPS49972)
UAntelope Springs, Mitchell & Lloyd 1743 (UC1282180, SD62169), Lloyd 2988 (UC1300221) UWarm
Springs, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4039 (UC1550072) UBlack Canyon 0.5 mi above junction Marble Canyon,
Duran 3004 (UC1297472). Mono County; none; Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none.
Asclepias speciosa Torrey - Common milkweed.
Sporadic, open canyon bottom settings bordering riparian sites on the southeast flanks of the range. Inyo:
Warm Springs, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3702 (UC1545545, UCR60163) UCottonwood Cr, 5600 ft, Mitchell
2165 (UC1299927, SD62251). Mono County; none; Esmeralda County; none; Mineral County; none.
ASTERACEAE - Sunflower Family (AST - 280)

ARTIFICIAL KEY TO GROUPS OR TRIBES
Genera conspicuously absent: Balsamorhiza, Centaurea, Madia, Helenium.
1. Flowers all ligulate (strap-shaped), the tip with 5-teeth; juice milky
....................................................................................... GROUP 2. Dandelions & Chicory Tribe Lactuceae
1' Flowers not all ligulate; the ligulate (ray) flowers, when present, marginal; juice ordinary
2. Plants spiny, either thistle-like, with spiny leaves and or phyllaries, or just the phyllaries spiny
3' Herbs; Leaves and phyllaries spiny, receptacle bristly
............................................................................................................... GROUP 1. Thistle Tribe Cynareae
3' Shrubs; Only the phyllaries spiny; receptacle not bristly
Tribe Mutisieae .................................................................................................................. Hecastocleis
2' Plants not-thistle like; heads discoid or radiate, receptacle rarely bristly
4. Rays flowers absent, the heads discoid (or disciform, in which some plants with very small and
inconspicuous rays are keyed here)
5. Achenes with a pappus ........................................................................................................ GROUP 3
5' Achenes lacking a pappus .................................................................................................... GROUP 4
4' Ray flowers present, the heads radiate
6. Receptacle with chaffy bracts among the disk flowers, or sometimes a single series of chaffy bracts
between the ray and disk flowers
7. Involucre of one series, each phyllary subtending a ray flower; phyllaries enclosing ray achenes
(Subtribe Madiniiae in part) ............................................................................................ GROUP 5
7' Involucre of two or more series, some but not all phyllaries subtending ray flowers
............................................................................................................................................... GROUP 6
6' Receptacle epaliate, or with minute non-bracteate scales or bristly hairs
8. Achenes with a pappus ................................................................................................... GROUP 7
8' Achenes lacking a pappus, or present only on sterile disk flowers ................................. GROUP 8
GROUP 1. THISTLE TRIBE (Cynareae)

1. Leaf divisions spiny ................................................................................................................................. Cirsium
1’ Leaf divisions not spiny, spines confined to the phyllaries
.................................................................................................................................. Acroptilon
GROUP 2. CHICORY TRIBE (Cichorieae)

1. Flowers blue ............................................................................................................................. Lactuca lettuce
1' Flowers white, pink, yellow or red, but not blue
2. Flowers yellowish, being pale yellow, yellow or orange
3. Pappus of capillary bristles or barbed bristles, neither plumose or scale-like
4. Achenes beaked
5' Plants with harsh pubescence, the hairs pustulate or bristly; leaves pinnately lobed; pappus
bristles capillary ................................................................................................... Lactuca lettuce
5' Plants lacking harsh hairs
6. Pappus bristles deciduous; prostrate desert herb ................................................ Glyptopleura ‚
6' Pappus bristles persistent; taprooted rosette herbs
7. Stems erect, often branched
8' Annual .................................................................................................................... Calycoseris
8' Perennial ................................................................................................ Crepis hawksbeard
7' Stems absent, scapose acaulescent rosette herbs
9. Phyllaries in 2 series; fruit beak slender and capillary
.............................................................................................................. Taraxacum dandelion
9' Phyllaries graded in several series; fruit beak stout
10. Plants "pubescent; outer phyllaries < inner, often striped purplish as well as spotted
purple ................................................................................................................... Agoseris
10' Plants glabrous except for the ciliate petioles; outer phyllaries = inner, very finely spotted
purple but not striped ...........................................................................................................
7' Achenes beakless
11. Annuals
12; Leaves spiny ................................................................................................................. Sonchus
12’ Leaves not spiny ................................................................................ Malacothrix
11' Perennial
13. Achenes cylindrical, not narrowed at base; taprooted herbs .............................................. Crepis
13' Achenes narrowed at base; short-rhizomatous herbs .............................. Hieracium hawkweed
3' Pappus or scales, awn-tipped scales, or plumose bristles
14. Caulescent; peduncles hollow, enlarged 3-4x their diameter just below head;
................................................................................................................. Tragopogon goat's beard
14' Acaulsecent, scapose; peduncles solid and not enlarged ................................................Anisocoma
2' Flower white to pink or purple
15. Peduncles hollow, enlarged 3-4x their diameter just below the head
............................................................................................ Tragopogon poprrifolius goat's beard
15 Peduncles not enlarged, solid
16. Annual
17. Fruit beaked .............................................................................................................. Rafinesquia
17' Fruit beakless
18' Pappus plumose ............................................................................................. Stephanomeria
18' Pappus of smooth, very fine bristles ..................................................................... Prenanthella
16' Perennial
19. Pappus plumose (at least at tips) ........................................................................ Stephanomeria
19' Pappus of capillary or barbellate bristles, or mixed scales and awns
20. Flowers pink; subshrubs, somewhat spiny, plants nearly leafless at flowering
................................................................................................................................ Chaetadelpha
20' Flowers white; short rhizomatous herbs with soft-pubescent basal leaves
Not yet documented !........................................................ Hieracium abliflorum hawkweed
GROUP 3. DISCOID (RAYS ABSENT OR VESTIGIAL) - PAPPUS ABSENT

1. Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate, distinctive heads; male heads usually above female heads in
inflorescence (Subtribe Ambrosiinae)
2. Involucre of the male and female flowers alike ............................................................ Ambrosia ragweed
2' Involucre of the male and female flowers different
3. Involucre of female flowers hardened into a spiny bur in fruit ................................Xanthium cockel bur
3' Involucre of female flowers with scarious wings in fruit ......................................Ambrosia cheese bush
1. Staminate and pistillate flowers not in separate heads
4. Phyllaries in a single series or absent, or appearing so
5. Outer receptacle chaffy, some or all of the flowers individually subtended by chaff scales, plants
densely long white woolly (Tribe Gnaphalieae) ..................................................................... Stylocline
5' Outer receptacle not chaffy
6. Small prostrate to tufted annuals ....................................... Eriophyllum (E. pringlei) woolly sunflower
6' Erect perennials or tall annual herbs
7' Flowers yellow, heads erect ...................................................................................... Hymenopappus
7' Flowers greenish-yellow, heads nodding
8. Perennial, rhizomatous herbs ............................................................................. Iva poverty weed
8’ Annual herbs ............................................................................................ Chorisiva
4' Phyllaries in 2 or more series or whorls, each series imbricate (overlapping) or markedly unequal in size
9' Upper leaves scale-like, broom-like shrubs of washes .................................................... Lepidospartum
9' Upper leaves not scale like
10. Phyllary margins widely scarious to transparent
11. Spinescent subshrubs; disc florettes functionally staminate, corollas villous
......................................................................................................... Picrothamnus
11’ Unarmored shrubs or subshrubs; disc florettes bisexual; corollas glabrous
12. Inflorescence an elongate spike or raceme ........................................ Artemisia sagebrush
12' Inflorescence cymose, the heads clustered ..................................................... Sphaeromeria
10' Phyllary margins not scarious or transparent
13. Green, glabrous annual herbs, heads conical
Not yet documented ! ....................................................................... Matricaria pineapple weed
13' Shrubs or robust herbaceous perennials .......................................................... Artemisia mugwort
GROUP 4. DISCOID (RAYS ABSENT OR VESTIGIAL) - PAPPUS PRESENT

1. Pappus of flattened scales or stiff awns
2. Receptacle with chaffy bracts; pappus retrorsely barbed ........................................ Bidens beggar's ticks
2' Receptacle not chaffy; pappus not retrorsely barbed ................................................................. Chaenactis
1' Pappus of capillary bristles
4. Phyllaries scarious to transparent; plants white woolly pubescent (Tribe Inuleae in part)
5. Mat-forming stoloniferous perennials; inflorescence on scapose erect stems
6. Plants >4 dm tall; basal rosette absent
Not yet documented ! ....................................................................................................... Anaphalis
6' Plants 1-4 dm tall; leaves in basal rosettes .................................................. Antennaria pussytoes
5' Annual or perennial, but not stoloniferous and scapose
7. Annuals
8. Pappus absent .................................................................................................. Lofia
8’ Pappus present .......................................................................................... Gnaphalium cudweed
7' Perennial ............................................................................................................... Pseudognphalium
9. Flowers variously anthocyanic - white, pink to purple
10. Annual
11. Marginal disk flowers expanded, falsely ligulate ................................................................ Lessingia
11. Marginal disk flowers not expanded
12. Achenes several nerved ................................................................. Symphotrichum frondosum
12' Achenes 2 nerved
13. Leaves gland dotted; phyllaries lacking brownish midveins ........................ Laennecia
13 Leaves strigose; phyllares with a brown, resin filled midvein.......... Conyza horseweed
10' Perennial
14. Subshrubs or shrubs
15. Dioecious; aromatic or glutinous ...................................................... Baccharis coyote bush
15' Monoecious; not aromatic or glutinous
16. Leaves reduced, not spiny; achenes 15-20 nerved .............................................. Leucosyris
16' Leaves well developed and spiny toothed; achenes 10 nerved
..................................................................................................................... Brickellia brickel-bush
14. Herbaceous perennials; achenes 5 nerved ................................................... Ageratina boneset
9' Flowers yellow
17. Annual
18. Marginal disk flowers expanded, falsely ligulate ................................................................ Lessingia
18' Marginal flowers not expanded
19. Phyllary tips black; heads discoid and yellow; rays absent; erect green herbs
............................................................................................................ Senecio ragwort, groundsel
19' Phyllary tips not black; small tufted gray annuals
20. Much branched rounded annual forming mounds 1-3 dm in diameter; heads discoid, flowers
yellow fading reddish ................... ........................................................ Psathyrotes turtleback
20' Small ball-like annual <2 cm in diameter; heads disciform, the rays vestigial and cream-colored,
tinged purplish ................................................................................................................ Eatonella
17' Perennial herbs or shrubs
21. Herbs
22. Phyllary tips not black; involucre of several series or uniseriate and enfolding marginal achenes
23. Phyllaries enfolding marginal achenes; uniseriate; flowers solitary on scapose stems
................................................................................................................................. Raillardella
23' Phyllaries not enfolding marginal achenes, multiseriate; flowering stems with reduced to fully
developed leaves ........................................................................................... Erigeron daisy
22' Phyllary tips black .............................................................................................. Senecio ragwort
21' Shrubs to subshrubs; stems woody at base
24. Phyllaries uniseriate and equal
25. Phyllary tips black; flexible stemmed shrubs .............................................. Senecio ragwort
25' Phyllary tips not black; spiny or sharp-twigged shrubs
.............................................................................................................. Tetradymia horsebush
24' Phyllaries in several series, the outer shorter
26. Phyllaries tending to be aligned in vertical ranks
................................................................................................. Chrysothamnus rabbitbrush
26' Phyllaries not in vertical ranks
.......................................................................................................... Ericameria goldenbush
GROUP 5. RADIATE - PHYLLARIES ONE SERIES - CHAFFY BRACTS PRESENT

(Jepson Manual Group 8)
One species... Disk pappus absent; disk flowers many; heads open throughout day ................... Layia tidy-tips
GROUP 6. RADIATE - PHYLLARIES TWO SERIES - CHAFFY BRACTS PRESENT

1. Flowers yellow; chaff scales folded around disk achenes
2' Ray flowers sterile, style vestigial or absent (styles generally lacking papillae if present); achenes
quadrangular; tall erect generally annual herbs 1-4 m tall
................................................................................................................................. Helianthus sunflower
2' Ray flowers fertile pr pistillate
3' Shrubs .......................................................................................................................................... Encelia
3' Caudex perennials
4. Cauline leaves well developed; leaves entire
5. Leaves >10 cm wide, largely basal and large, up to 4-5 dm long; root thick, woody
........................................................................................................................ Wyethia mule's ears
5' Leaves ca. 1 cm wide, largely cauline, ca. 4-5 cm long; root not woody
........................................................................................................................................Heliomeris
4' Cauline leaves absent or reduced; leaves sagittate at base or highly dissected
Not yet documented ! ......................................................................... Balsamorhiza balsam root
1' Flowers white or rarely blushed pink; chaff scales not folded around disk achenes
................................................................................................................................................ Achillea yarrow
GROUP 7. RADIATE - RECEPTACLE NAKED - PAPPUS PRESENT

(Jepson Manual Groups 11, 12 & 13)
1. Pappus of scales or awns (Jepson Manual Group 11)

2. Flowers yellow to reddish
3' Shrubs or subshrubs
4. Heads with 30-80 disk flowers, spheric
5. Plants resinous ......................................................................................................... Lorandersonia
5’ Plants scabrous but not resinous ........................................................................... Acamptopappus
4’ Heads with <13 disk flowers, cylindrical
............................................................................................................................................. Gutierrezia
3. Perennial herbs
6. Phyllaries fewer than 15 .................................................................... Eriophyllum woolly sunflower
6' Phyllaries more than 15
7.Leaves with decurrent bases; receptacle spherical .................................... Helenium sneezeweed
7' Leaves without decurrent bases; receptacle convex to hemispheric
8. Plants glandular or resinous
9. Pappus of 4 scales, in 2 unequal pairs; plants glandular
................................................................................................................. Hulsea alpine gold
9’ Pappus of ca. 30 barbellate bristles; plants resinous
........................................................................................................................... Lorandersonia
8' Plants not glandular; leaves bipinnately or tripinnately lobed with filiform segments;
pappus of awn tipped scales ..................................................................................... Hymenoxys
2' Flowers white or anthocyanous (pink to purple); tufted herbs with simple leaves; pappus scales
long ...................................................................................................................Townsendia
1' Pappus of bristles, barbellate or not
9. Flowers yellow to reddish (Jepson Manual Group 13)
10. Leaves opposite below
11. Rhizomatous or caudex herbs ................................................................................................. Arnica
11’ Soft shrubs
12. Phyllaries in 1 series, weakly fused; leaf blades 3>10 cm on petioles >15 mm
....................................................................................................................................... Pericome
12’ Phyllaries in 2 series, free; leaf blades ca. 2 cm long on petioles ca. < 5 mm
........................................................................................................................................... Perityle
10' Leaves alternate throughout
13' Annual or biennial herbs
14. Phyllaries unequal, in "2-3 series, the outer often recurved; plants with gummy-resinous heads...................
14' Phyllaries equal in 1-2 (rarely 3) series, black tipped; plants without gummy heads
........................................................................................................ Senecio ragwort, groundsel
13' Perennial herbs or shrubs
15. Shrubs or subshrubs, woody well above the base
16. Leaves dissected; phyllaries equal, in one series ...................................................... Senecio
16' Leaves entire; phyllaries in moderately graduated in 2-4 series, without strongly
thickened tips and stramineus bases ............................................... Ericameria goldenbush
15' Herbs, woody at the caudex only
17. Phyllaries in one series, either 13 or 21 in number, often with black tips (often a few outer,
very much smaller ones present)
18. Leaf margins with many callous denticles; roots fleshy and unbranched
............................................................................................. Senecio ragwort, groundsel
18’ Leaf margins lacking callous denticles; roots fleshy and branched
................................................................................................................................. Packera
17' Phyllaries in 2 to several series, strongly graduated, the tips green and similar in color to
bases
19. Disk pappus bristles of two lengths, outer short compared to inner (i.e., pappus in two
series) ........................................................................................................ Erigeron daisy
19' Disk pappus bristles generally of uniform length (i.e., pappus in one series)
20. Heads gummy-sticky; pappus bristles deciduous, flattened
...................................................................................................... Grindelia gumplant
20' Heads not gummy-sticky, pappus bristles cylindrical and "persistent
21. Leaves toothed or lobed
22. Heads small, 5-10 mm wide, several to very many in elongated, pyramidal
corymbs or a secund raceme; tall rhizomatous herbs
.............................................................................................. Solidago goldenrod
22' Heads usually solitary, 10-15 mm wide

23. Tufted perennial herbs of cliffs; cauline leaves well developed
............................................................................................... Lorandersonia
23' Rosette herbs from enlarged taproot; flowering scapes with rapidly reduced
cauline leaves ............................................................................. Pyrrocoma
21' Leaves entire
24. Erect rhizomatous herb 1-2 m tall; individual flower heads small, 5-8 mm
diameter..........................................................Euthamia false goldenrod
24' Small subalpine or alpine herbs <15 cm tall
25. Individual flowering heads 8-13 mm diameter; leaf bases ciliate
........................................................................................ Solidago goldenrod
25' Individual flower heads >25 mm diameter, cushion plant forming mats to 1 m
diameter ............................................................................................. Stenotus
9' Flowers white or anthocyanous (pink to purple) (Jepson Manual Group 12)
26. Annual; heads with rudimentary rays only
27. Heads with minute rays; tall few branched, often to 2 m tall
............................................................................................................................ Conyza horseweed
27' Heads falsely radiate, the marginal corollas expanded; freely branched, often <7dm tall
............................................................................................................................................. Lessingia
26' Perennial
28. Rays inconspicuous, erect, not longer than the disk flowers ............................................ Trimorpha
28' Rays conspicuous
29. Outer phyllaries herbaceous, or chartaceous at base and green at the tip; style appendages 0.5
mm long or more, linear to lanceolate, acuminate to acute
30. Fibrous rooted or taprooted perennials; leaves various but not spinulose tipped teeth
31. Taprooted, flowers solitary and scapose
not documented.............................................................................Oreostemma
31’ Fibrous rooted, flowers many in a leafy or bracteat inflorescence
................................................................................................................... Symphotrichum
30' Biennial or short lived caudex perennials; leaf with spinulose tipped teeth
32' Heads 35-70 mm wide, generally solitary, subscapose ......................................... Xylorhiza
32' Heads <25 mm wide, generally in open cymes
33. Plants pubescent and/or glandular; ray pappi of 40-50 bristles ....................... Dieteria
33’ Plants glabrous, ray florets absent .......................................................Arida
29' Outer phyllaries imbricate in several series, neither leafy nor green-tipped with chartaceous
bases; style appendages 0.5 mm or less, lanceolate or broader, acute to obtuse
34. Phyllaries with hyaline margins, this becoming fringed and frayed at the tip
........................................................................................................................ Chaetopappa
34' Phyllaries lacking hyaline margins
35. Phyllaries keeled ........................................................................... Ionactis
35’ Phyllaries not keeled ........................................................................... Erigeron daisy
GROUP 8. RADIATE - RECEPTACLE NAKED - PAPPUS ABSENT

1. Leaves opposite, at least at first several nodes; annuals
2. Plants white woolly .................................................................................................................... Eriophyllum
2’ Plants green, dotted with oil glands ..................................................................................................... Pectis
1' Leaves alternate throughout;
3. Ligules "< 2 mm long and erect, pale yellow
Not yet documented ............................................................................................................. Rigiopappus
3' Ligules >5 mm long, bright yellow ..................................................................................................... Baileya
Acamptopappus A. Gray
Acamptopappus shockleyi A. Gray – Goldenhead
Scattered, dry alluvial flats and bajadas on the southern flanks of the range, below 6000 ft. on the lower
desertic flanks of the range. Inyo: lower reaches Black Canyon, Duran 2674 (JEPS23962, SD62289)
UPayson Canyon, Duran 3295 (UC519617); mouth, Dedecker 1766 (RSA615499) UDeep Springs Lk, Taylor
7074 (JEPS). Mono County; near McAfee Cr mouth, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3636 (UC1545339) UW side
Montgomery Pass, D.F. Howe s.n. (SD128723) Esmeralda County; Fish Lake Valley, 4900 ft, T.E. Lankester
766 (BM, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) ; Mineral County; none - the holotype Shockley 34 collected in
1881 is from from Candellaria, ca. 15 miles north of our region (GH542, not Esmeralda County)
Achillea L. Yarrow
Achillea millefolium L. var. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper - Mountain Yarrow.
Frequent, meadow margins, moist slopes in pinyon or subalpine conifer forest 10500 ft on throughout the
range. Alpine plants <"2 dn tall and with very much darker-margined phyllaries are var. alpicola (Rydb.)
Garrett. Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Cr, 8900 ft, Lloyd 2933 (UC1300074) Umeadow, confluence
Poison Cr and Cottonwood Cr, Lloyd 3134 (UC1300158). Esmeralda County; Chiatovich Cr, 8700 ft, Duran
3117 (UC). Mineral: none.
Acroptilon Cassini
Acroptilon repens (L.) deCandolle – Russian knapweed.
Sporadic weed (native of central Asia) of disturbed sites and roadsides, below ca. 6000 ft on the lower flanks
of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda County; Fish Lake Valley, where Leidy Creek crosses
Rte. 264, A. Pinzl 6312 (NY532159). Mineral: none.
Ageratina R.M. King & H. Rob.

Ageratina occidentalis (Hooker) R.M.King & H. Rob. - Mountain Boneset.
Local, rock crevices and stable large diameter talus on rocky canyon slopes, 8000-9500 ft on the
northwestern flanks of the range. [syn. Eupatorium occidentale Hooker] Inyo: none. Mono: Lone Tree Cr,
8400 ft, Mitchell 2243 (UC1299874, SD62247). Esmeralda County; Chiatovich Cr, 8700 ft, Duran 3117
(UC). Mineral: none.
Agoseris Raf.
1' Leaf margins with 3-8 pairs of retrorse or spreading lobes (rarely subentire); peduncles and phyllaries
pubescent and eglandular; achene beak 4-10 mm (2x body) ......................................................... A. parviflora
1' Leaf margins entire or with less commonly with 2-3 paris of spreading or antrorse lobes; peduncles glabrous
or lanate and glandular; achene beak 1-4 m (½ body)
2. Peduncles glabrous at least basally; phyllaries in 2-3 series; leaves usually held erect with entire
margins......................................................................................................A. glauca var. glauca
2' Peduncles lanate basally, stipitate glandular upwards; leaves held more in a lax rosette; margins dentate
to lobed; phyllaries 2-5 series .................................................................................................... A monticola
Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. glauca - False dandelion.
Local, meadows below 9500 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon,
Duran 3150 (JEPS23974, UC1297655). Mono: Poison Cr at confluence Cottonwood Cr, 9450 ft, Taylor
13024 (JEPS). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
.Agoseris monticola Greene - Sierra Agoseris.
Common, moist grassy slopes, moist meadows, abundant in calcareous sites, and riparian areas, 6600-
11800 ft throughout the range: [syn Agoseris glauca var. monticola (Greene) Q. Jones ex Cronq.] Inyo:
margin Reed Flat, P.A. Munz 21016 (UC1075851) Uhead of Silver Canyon along trail to Big Prospector
Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7252 (JEPS36226). Mono: Poison Cr at confluence Cottonwood Cr, 9450 ft,
Lloyd 2917 (UC1300089) UCrooked Cr Lab, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282591), B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26055
(UC701767), J.M.Tucker 2253 (UC984770) UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, 10100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7268
(JEPS36288) UChiatovich Cr, 10800 ft, Mitchell 2100 (UC1299776); UPellisier Flats, 12800 ft, Mitchell 2213
(UC1299889). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, Duran 2502 (UC) UChiatovich Cr, 7500 ft, Duran 2770 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Agoseris parviflora (Nuttall) D. Dietrich – Steppe agoseris.
Occasional, open higher elevation sagebrush scrub on the southern portion of the range [syn. Agoseris
glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. laciniata (D. Eaton) F.J. Smiley] Inyo: junction Wyman Canyon Rd and White Mtn
Rd. S.F.Cook s.n.(UC1282590). Mono County; Campito Meadow, Dedecker 5475 (RSA625362, UCR113711),
6128 (RSA626431) UPoison Cr at confluence Cottonwood Cr, 9450 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1713 (UC1282189,
SD62408). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ambrosia L. Ragweed
1. Perennial
2. Shrubs with winged pistillate involucres

3 Wings of the bur <1.5 mm wide, in 1 whorl; flowering in fall ............................................ A. monogyra
3' Wings of the involucre 2-8 mm wide; flowers spring or late summer ...................................... A. salsola
4 Wings appressed, enclosing body of bur ................................................ A. salsola var. fasciculata
4' Wings spreading perpendicular to body of bur ...............................................A. salsola var. salsola
2’ Herbaceous perennials
5. Bur (fruit heads) spiny ..................................................................................................... A. confertifolia
5' Burs unarmed .................................................................................................................. A. psilostachya
1' Annual, bur spines sharp and dense, the beak spiny; phyllary tips black ................................ A. acanthicarpa
Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hooker - Bur-weed.
Frequent, roadsides, disturbed sites, and open scrub communities 6700 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
mouth Birch Cr near Westgard Pass, Lloyd 2978 (UC1300325) UPayson Canyon, DeDecker 5695
(RSA625298) UDeep Springs V, D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81211). Mono: near mouth McAfee Cr, Morefield 3067
(UC1523918, UCR44066). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) W. Payne - White bur-sage.
Occasional component of desert scrub communities, below 6500 ft on the southerly end of the range. Inyo:
just northeast of Warm Springs, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3575 (UC1535056) Uwest base Westgard Pass, ca.
5000 ft. H.Mooney 780 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ambrosia eriocentra (A. Gray) W. Payne - Wooly bur-sage.
Occasional component of desert scrub communities, below 6500 ft on the southerly end of the range. Inyo:
west base Westgard Pass, ca. 5000 ft. H.Mooney 798 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: none;
Ambrosia monogyra (Torrey & A.Gray ) Strother & B.G.Baldwin - Cheesebush.
Rare, desert scrub below 6000 ft - to be sought on our southern flanks. K.M.Peterson & W.W.Payne (1973,
Brittonia 25:243-256) map locations near to our region, as noted by Cronquist (1994). It might occur in
either Fish Lake Valley or Deep Springs Valley, and may not bloom unless ample rains have fallen. [syn.
Hymenoclea monogyra A. Gray]
Ambrosia salsola (Torrey & A.Gray ) Strother & B.G.Baldwin var. fasciculata (A.Nelson ) Strother & B.G.Baldwin -
Burro-bush.
Infrequent shrub of washes, bajadas and well drained warmer slopes, below 6000 ft on the northwesterly
flanks of the range. [IMF = var. fasciculata (A. Nelson) K.M. Peterson & W.A.Payne, this not recognized]
Inyo: none. Mono: near mouth Furnace Creek, Fish Lake Valley watershed, 5580 ft, Morefield et al. 4432
(UC1545143). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ambrosia salsola (A. Gray) Strother & B. G. Baldwin var. salsola- Burro-bush.
Frequent shrub of washes, bajadas and well drained warmer slopes, below 6500 ft on the southerly flanks of
the range. [syn Hymenoclea salsola Torrey & A. Gray var. patula (A. Nelson) Peterson & Payne]. Inyo:
Westgard Pass Road, Mitchell 2011 (UC1299832) U7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2667
UC1299976) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4100 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3574 (UC1535055) Silver
Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran 3458 (UC519586) UBlack Canyon, Duran 2682 (JEPS23963, SD62280). Mono:
none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Anisocoma Torrey & A. Gray

Anisocoma acaulis Torrey & A. Gray – Scalebud
Occasional, sandy soils on alluvial fans, moderately steep southerly facing canyons, on the northeastern
flanks of the range below 6000 ft. Inyo: none; Mono: Rock Creek mouth, Morefield 3477 (UC1534811,
UCR47827). Esmeralda: near Trail Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none.
Antennaria Gaertn. Pussy-toes

References: R.J. Bayer. 1990. Can. J. Bot. 68:1389-1397; Madroño 37:171-183; J. Chimielewski. 1997. Brittonia 49:309-
327.
1. Flowering heads solitary and not exceeding the leaves ................................................................ A. dimorpha
1' Flowering heads several on a scapose stem > 1 cm
2. Plants lacking stolons; involucre glabrous .................................................................................. A. argentea
2' Plants strongly stoloniferous, forming mats; involucre variously pubescent
3. Phyllaries uniformly dark brown to black
4. Leaves glandular under a lens; pistillate corolla 3 mm or less when receptive; staminate corolla < 2.8
mm at anthesis ................................................................................................................. A. pulchella ‚
4' Leaves not glandular; pistillate corolla > 3 mm and staminate corollas > 2.7 mm at anthesis
.................................................................................................................................................... A. media
14. Plants strongly stoloniferous, loosely matted; pubescence of wooly trichomes only
................................................................................................................................ A. media ssp. media
5' Plants with stolons reduced or absent, densely matted; pubescence of both wooly trichomes and
glandular trichomes in the inflorescence ............................................................................. A. umbrinella
3' Phyllaries variously colored (white, tan or red or spotted) but never uniformly dark
6. Phyllaries white, tan or red but never with a black spot .............................................................. A. rosea
7. Basal leaves flowering stems > 20 mm, phyllaries rose, white, greenish, seldom brown
............................................................................................................................. A. rosea ssp. rosea
7' Basal leaves of flowering rosettes < 20 mm; phyllaries distally brown
8. Pistillate involucres 4-6.5 mm; pistillate corollas 2.5-4 mm, pappus 3.5-5 mm
.................................................................................................................... A. rosea ssp. confinis
8’ Pistillate involucres 6.5-10 mm; pistillate corollas 3.5-6 mm; pappus 5-6 mm
................................................................................................................... A. rosea ssp. arida
6' Phyllaries white tipped with a black spot below ................................................................ A. corymbosa
Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) Torrey & A. Gray - Low pussytoes.
Infrequent, sandy to heavy soils in sagebrush or pinyon woodland, occasionally ranging upwards to winter
snow free alpine ridges, below 11200 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Marble Cr-Montgomery Cr
divide, 11200 ft, Morefield et al. 4091 (UC1549876). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Antennaria pulchella Greene - Sierra alpine pussytoes.
Uncommon, dry turf meadows and well drained snowbeds, 10800-13100 ft throughout the range. [see
Brittonia 49(3):309-327. 1997). A. umbrinella Rydberg has not been collected in the Whites (Bayer, Madrono
37:171-183, 1990), Cronquist=s (1994) attribution of the latter to the Whites was not confirmed by
Chmieleweski. ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, W.H.Shockely 444 (holotype
US47044, isotype UC202886, of Antennaria media Greene ssp. ciliata E. Nelson, a synonym, Antennaria
scabra Greene based on the same type) UE slope Sheep Mtn, S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1318261) UCrooked Creek
Ranger Station, Duran 1570 (UC1297244). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Antennaria media Greene var. media - Alpine pussytoes.
Frequent, turf meadows, snow accumulation sites, and well drained open slopes, 5900-12400 ft on both
slopes of the range: Inyo: none. Mono: Sheep Mtn, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26107 (UC701946); Mitchell
2244 (UC1299884); Jepson 7328 (JEPS33928) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, J.M.Tucker 2258 (UC984791); R.
Bacigalupi et al. 8105 (JEPS28237); S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1282651, UC1318260) UMcAfee Meadow, Duran
1667 (UC1297640); Jepson 7397 (JEPS33926); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26086 (UC701488) Uhead
Cottonwood Creek, Duran 2594 (UC1297639) UWhite Mountain Peak, Dedecker 1269 (RSA624256); K. & M.
Heil 8485 (SJNM19350) UPellisier Flats, Mitchell 2189 (UC1299906). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Antennaria rosea Greene ssp. rosea - Rose everlasting.
Common, dry slopes to mesic open forest, meadow borders, turf communities, and snowbeds, 3800-12000 ft
on both slopes of the range. [IMF - A. microphylla Rydb., misapplied]. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Cr cave,
Lloyd 3060 (UC1311804), 3217 (UC1311761) UCrooked Cr lab, E.R.Blakey & K.K.Muller 3575 (JEPS32921,
SBBG11937) UCottonwood Cr, 8900 ft, Lloyd 2930 (UC1300077) USheep Mtn, J. & L. Roos 5176
(UC1010199), Jepson 7237 (JEPS33948) UCounty Line Hill, Jepson 7368 (JEPS33947) UCrooked Cr Ranger
Station, Duran 1570 (UC1297244). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Antennaria rosea Greene ssp. confinis (Greene) R. J. Bayer
Infrequent, dry slopes to mesic open forest, meadow borders, turf communities, and snowbeds, 3800-12000
ft on both slopes of the range: Inyo: Sheep Mtn, Jepson 7237 (JEPS33948). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Antennaria rosea Greene ssp. arida (E. E. Nelson) R. J. Bayer
Infrequent in mosit sites above 9000 ft on the southern portion of the range. Inyo:Big Prospector Meadow,
J. Grinell s.n. (UC472342). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Arida (R.L. Hartman) D.R. Morgan & R.L.Hartman

Arida carnosa (A. Gray) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartm. - Shrubby alkali aster.
Occasional, floor of valleys flanking the range, below 5500 ft. [syn. Machaeranthera carnosa (A. Gray)
G.Nesom var. intricata (A. Gray) Nesom; IMF - Leucosyris carnosa (A. Gray) Greene var. intricata (A. Gray)
Greene, cf. Phytologia 82:105-106. 1997] Inyo: Warm Springs,Wbase Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 4192 (UC1550000). Mono: Oasis, 5100 ft, Taylor 8601 (JEPS89643). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none
Arnica L.
References: S.R. Downie & K.E. Denford. 1988. Rhodora 90:245-275; S.J. Wolf & K.E. Denford. 1984. Rhodora 86:239-
309. Species conspicuously absent: A. cordifolia Hook.
1. Plants with 5-12 pairs of cauline leaves, the leaves only gradually reduced upwards
2. Phyllaries obtuse, with the inner portion of the tip bearing a dense tuft of hairs
...............................................................................................................................................A. chamissonis
3' Phyllaries subacute, herbage greenish ............................................................... A.c. ssp. jepsonianus
3' Phyllaries obtuse, herbage silvery pubescent ............................................................... A.c. ssp. foliosa
2' Phyllaries sharply acute, with inner tip surface no more pubescent than other portions
.................................................................................................................................................. A. longifolia
1' Plants with 2-4 pairs of cauline leaves, these rapidly reduced to 3 or more of in leaf area
4. Rays small, <15 mm long; leaves tomentose .................................................................................. A. parryi
4' Rays larger, 15-25 mm long; leaves glandular as well as tomentose ............................................. A. mollis
Arnica chamissonis Lessing ssp. foliosa (Nuttall) B. Maguire - Meadow Arnica.
Occasional in wet meadows and margin of streams, 5900-11500 throughout the range. [Lloyd & Mitchell,
var. jepsonianus Maguire, misapplied]. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Cr lab, 10150 ft, E.R.Blakey &
K.K.Muller 3551 (JEPS32943); R.Bacagalupi et al. 8092 (JEPS28220; JEPS81926) UCrooked Creek cave,
10000 ft, Lloyd 3088 (UC1311786) UNorth Fork Crooked Cr, 10500 ft, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26149
(UC701837) Umeadow at head Crooked Cr, 10500 ft, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26057 (UC701854); 10100
ft, W.L.Jepson 7265 (JEPS35901) Uconfluence Poison Cr and Cottonwood Cr, 9100 ft, Taylor 6673
(JEPS89503) UCrooked Cr canyon, 9900 ft, Lloyd 3271 (UC1300146) UPatriarch Grove, R.D. Goeden 6
(UCR70076), 7 (UCR48568). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Arnica chamissonis Lessing subsp jepsonian B. Maguire – Willis L. Jepson=s arnica.
Infrequent, moist riparian sites along the northeastern end of the range. [IMF- Cronquist treated this as a
spontaneous hybrid] Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 8000 ft, V.Duran 3100 (holotype
RM, isotype UC477355, GH2351, NY158396). Mineral: none.
Arnica longifolia D. Eaton ssp. myriadenia (Piper) B. Maguire - Seep Arnica.
Infrequent, seepage areas on rocky subalpine slopes, meadow borders, and riparian areas, 9000-11200 ft on
the northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: seep, Lone Tree Creek, 9100 ft, Mitchell 2254
(UC1299868) Ucirque at head south side Indian Cr, 9850 ft, Morefield 4845 (UC1552055). Esmeralda:
none; Mineral: none
Arnica mollis Hooker Cordilleran arnica.
Rare, moist subalpine riparian sites on the far northern end of the range, at 9000-10500 ft. Inyo: none.
Mono: Chiatovich Cr, Morefield & C. Perala 4823 (UC1552047). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Arnica parryi A. Gray ssp. sonnei (Greene) B. Maguire – Charles F. Sonne’s Arnica.
Uncommon, mesic sunny riparian sites, meadow borders, at 8000-10000 ft on the northern end of the range
Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, Duran 2499 (UC). Mineral: none.
Artemisia L. Wormwood, Sagebrush

Reference:L.M. Schultz. 1984. pp. 20-28 in: U.S.D.A. Gen. Tech. Report INT-200
Cordilleran alpine calciphile Artemisia Sect. Absinthium (cf. A. pattersonii A. Gray) and Sect. Artemisia have not been
collected in the Whites, as of yet: A. scophulorum A. Gray is absent from NV and would be novel; A. campestris L. ssp.
pacifica (Nuttall) H.M. Hall & Clements is probable.
1. Herbaceous (the base sometimes with secondary growth and slightly woody)
2. Leaves entire (or with one or two small teeth)
Subg. Dracunculus ............................................................................................................. A. dracunculus
2' Leaves lobed, dissected or pinnately compound (Subg. Artemisia)
3’ Leaves bipinnate, relatively small 2-5 cm long, finely dissected
4’ Leaves generally glabrous above, grey pubescent below, strongly lemon-scented when crushed
plants not rhizomatous..................................................................... A. michuaxiana
4’ Leaves not gray pubescent below, weakly orange-scented when crushed; rhizomes none
..................................................................................................................................... A. norvegica
3' Leaves subentire to once pinnate but not bipinnate, relatively large, reaching 10 cm or long
4. Annual or biennial, leaves pinnatisect; disk flowers sterile ....................................................... A. biennis
4' Perennials; leaves entire to deeply lobed, disk flowers fertile
5. Leaves seldom more than 1.5 cm wide (laminal width, exclusive of the lobes)
...........................................................................................................................................A. ludoviciana
6. Leaves with salient lobes or once pinnate ...................................A. ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana
6' Leaves subpinnatifid, the principal lobes with minor lobes, not bipinnate
................................................................................................................................... A. l. ssp. incompta
5’ Leaves larger, the larger ones to 5 cm wide .............................................................. A. douglasiana
1' Shrubs to subshrubs (Subg. Tridentatae, except 9)
7. Leaves entire and deciduous; heads >5 mm wide ............................................................................ A. cana
7' Leaves lobed at tip, evergreen or only partially deciduous; heads < 5 mm wide
8. Low subshrubs (4-5 dm tall at most) with inflorescence <2 cm wide
9. Branchlets spinescent; disk flowers functionally staminate

see................................................................................................................. Picrothamnus desertorum
9' Branchlets not spiny; disk flowers fertile............................................................................... A. arbuscula
...................................................................................................................................................... A. nova
8' Taller shrubs (5 dm to 3 m) with inflorescence >4 cm wide
10. Herbage sticky resinous; large heads >3 mm wide ......................................................... A. rothrockii
10' Non sticky; heads < 3 mm wide
11. Leaves entire to irregularly lobed and partially deciduous; plants crown sprouting; subalpine
meadow borders and snowbeds.................................................................................. A. spiciformis
11' Leaves regularly 3-lobed at tip and retained for at least one winter; not crown sprouting after fire or
other topping; dryer sites (only dryer meadows in the mountains) ................................. A. tridentata
12. Robust shrubs 1-3 m tall of lower elevations basins; inflorescence "2.5 cm wide
13’ Achenes villous to subglabrous; leaves generally entire, and very slender,
branches of the inflorescence tending to be recurved ............................... A. tridentata ssp. parishii
13' Achenes glabrous or resinous-glandular; leaves most always tri-lobed and broader;
inflorescence branches generally ascending ...............................................A. t. ssp. tridentata
12' Short shrubs (0.8-1.2 dm tall) of mountain slopes; inflorescence 3-4 cm wide
............................................................................................................................. A. t. ssp. vaseyana
Artemisia arbuscula Nuttall ssp. arbuscula - Low Sagebrush.

Occassional, on stony or heavy soil flats at subalpine elelvations above ca. 10,000 ft, in our region with a
lowered incidence on calcearous substrata. Inyo: vicinity Schulman Grove, C.N. Smith 1258 (JEPS33359).
Mono: 2 mi S of McAfee Meadow, C. Sharsmith 7855 (SJSU6184) Ueast slope Paiute Mtn, 11000 ft,
R.Bacagalupi et al. 8159 (JEPS29029) Unortheast slope Sheep Mtn, 12200 ft, Lloyd 3258 (UC1389318,
WTU253289) Uhead Toler Creek, Morefield 3101 (UCR44057) UPellisier Flats, 12200 ft, Mitchell &
V.C.LaMarche 2208 (UC1299892). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Artemisia biennis Willd- biennial wormwood.
Uncommon weed of moist, often sandy soil sites, below 5000 ft. Occasional in wet ruderal settings in the
Owens Valley, and to be expected as sporadic in our area. Mono: wash near Barcroft Lab, 11500 ft, S.F.
Cook s.n. (UC1282593).
Artemisia cana Pursh ssp. bolanderi (A. Gray) G. Ward - Silver Sagebrush
Infrequent, meadow borders, more abundant on alkaline or subalkaline soils, below 9800 ft ‚ CNPS Reject
List ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: 2 mile NE Campito Mtn, 10050 ft, Morefield & C. Abbott 4367 (UC1549828)
UGranite Meadow, Cottonwood Cr drainage, 8900 ft, Taylor 9931 (UC1584620) UCrooked Cr, 10150 ft,
E.R.Blakley 4643 (JEPS32932); J. Major s.n. (SBBG34134); J.C. Roos s.n. (UCR19517) UPatriarch Grove,
R.D. Goeden 8 (UCR19517). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Artemisia douglasiana Besser - Western mugwort.
Rare, riparian sites below 5000 ft at the northwestern base of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, D.F. Howe
s.n. in 1940 (SD28303) UCottonwood Creek, . D.F. Howe s.n. in 1940 (SD28294). Mono: Pellisier Ranch 5
mi N Benton, J. Grinnell s.n. in 1917 (JEPS36954) is the most proximal record. Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Artemisia dracunculus L. - Tarragon.
Frequent, roadsides and washes at lower elevations, to moist open sites at higher stations, 3600-9800 ft on
both slopes of the range, and sporadic in the alpine(12,200 ft on Pellisier Flats, DWT obs.)., but common
along the White Mtn Road. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8200 ft, Lloyd 3047 (UC1300241); Duran 3136
(UC477354, SD5843) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1686 (UC1297598) Ujunction of the
forks of Silver Canyon, 6700 ft, C.B.Wolf 2597 (UC527262) Uupper part Marble Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran
2887 (UC1297595) UWestgard Pass, R. Hoffman s.n. (SBBG62443). Mono: Sheep Mtn, 11500 ft,
E.C.Twisselmann 5798 (JEPS31064); 11600 ft, J.&L. Roos 5163 (UC1010196); 12200 ft, Duran 2596
(UC1297596) UCampito Meadow, Dedecker 5844 (RSA625893) Uheadwater Cottonwood Cr, 11300 ft,
R.Bacagalupi et al. 8144 (JEPS29014); 11000 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8160 (JEPS29030); 12,000 ft Dedecker
2205 (RSA617010) UCrooked Cr Lab, 10150 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8161 (JEPS29031); E.R. Blakley 3596
(SBBG12825) UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3062 (UC1311802) UCottonwood Cr, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson
7379 (JEPS37006) USpring along Leidy Cr, 7050 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4144 (UC1549851)
Unorthwest corner Sage Flat, 10300 ft, Lloyd 3160 (UC1300184) UChiatovich Flats, 10300 ft, Duran 2575
(UC1297597) Uvicinity Patriarch Grove, R.D. Goeden 91-691 (UCR69883). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall ssp. incompta (Nuttall) Keck –
Frequent, openings in pinyon, subalpine forest and open to brushy slopes, protected alpine settings, below
13500 ft. Inyo: Birch Cr (Deep Springs Valley), 6000 ft, Lloyd 2984 (UC1300219) UTollhouse Springs, 6100
ft, Lloyd 3331 (UC1300282) UWestgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG62514). Mono: White Mountains,
A.C.Shelton s.n. in 1917 (UC205907) UWhite Mtn, 13500 ft, Lloyd 3249 (UC1300155) UMcAfee Meadow,
11500 ft, Duran 2834 (UC519611); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26082 (UC701963) USheep Mountain, E. R.
Blakley 3719 (JEPS32926, SBBG12592) Uspring along Leidy Cr, 7050 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4145
(UC1549852) Uheadwaters Indian Cr, Pellisier Flats, 12400 ft, Mitchell 2205 (UC1299895) UCottonwood
Cr, 6100 ft, Mitchell 2161 (UC1299925, SD62245). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall ssp. ludoviciana – Western mugwort.
Occasional, rocky mesic slopes, gullies, and sandy flats, below 8500 ft. Inyo: Silver Canyon, H.M.Hall 10625
(UC205911); D.F. Howe s.n. in 1940 (SD113202). Mono: spring 1 mile South mouth Paiute Cr, 5050 ft,
Morefield 3128 (UC1523869, UCR44078). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Artemisia michauxiana Besser - Lemon sagewort
Frequent, mesic gullies, avalanche chutes, and open slopes above 9000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
Marmot Meadow, DeDecker 6365 (RSA627129). Mono: upper Middle Creek canyon, Morefield et al. 4242
(UC1549978) Usummit White Mountain Peak, K. & M. Heil 8492 (SJNM19357) UWhite Mountains above
Barcroft Lab, 13000 ft, K.K. Muller 1063 (JEPS32953); R. Bacagalupi et al. 8188 (JEPS29055) UBarcroft
Gate, 11250 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8143 (JEPS29012); G.D. Barbe 1719 (UCR115315) Uupper Cottonwood
Cr, 11500 ft, Duran 2602 (UC1297593) UMcCloud Camp, Cottonwood Cr, 9000 ft, Duran 1598
(UC1297594); DeDecker 6017 (RSA627428) USheep Mtn, 12200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7315 (JEPS37003) UPoison
Cr, 10000 ft, W.L. Jepson 7371 (JEPS37005) UPatriarch Grove, R.D. Goeden 11 (UCR48567). Esmeralda:
Middle Cr headwaters, 10100 ft, Taylor 8846 (UC). Mineral: none.
Artemisia norvegica Fr. ssp. saxatilis (Besser) H. M. Hall & Clem.
Not documented in the White Mountains, but known from the Inyo Mountains (Wacouba Mtn, 11100 ft, J.C.
Roos 6555 UCR24397). It should be sought in our alpine, in mesic snowbeds.
Artemisia nova A. Nelson - Black Sagebrush
Frequent, stony snowfree ridges, and heavy soils derived from volcanics in Pinyon woodland, 7500-12000 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass summit, A.A.Beetle 12896 (UC1242637); R. Hoffman s.n.
(SBBG62468), P.A. Munz 12688 (WTU136465), 12698 (WTU140509) Ujunction of forks of Silver Canyon,
6700 ft, C.B.Wolf 2582 (UC527265) USilver Canyon, 7200 ft, C.B.Wolf 2582 (UC527273, SD40905); H.M.
Hall 10639 (UC202351); D.F. Howe 1367 (SD37238, SD37239) UCedar Flat, 7600 ft, C.N.Smith 1261
(JEPS33432). Mono: Granite Meadow, Cottonwood Cr, 8900 ft, Taylor 9340 (UC1584618) UCrookec Creek,
J. K. McPherson 173 (UCSB19403).Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Artemisia rothrockii A. Gray – Joseph T. Rothrock’s alpine sagebrush.
Frequent, fine soil of basins at or above timberline, 9500-11000 ft, largely in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: Sheep Mtn, 12000 ft, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26121 (UC701962, WTU167469);
DeDecker 1249 (RSA621809), 5849 (RSA625876) UNear Crooked Cr lab, J.M.Tucker 2224 (UC984781); E.R.
Blakey 4643 (SBBG12843). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Artemisia spiciformis Osterh. - Spike Sagebrush.
Uncommon, meadow borders, often mixed with A. cana, snow accumulation sites, and open sites in
avalanche cones, 6800-12000 ft in the northern portion range, In some White Mountain synecological
literature, this sagebrush has been confused with A. rothrockii, owing largely to its occurrence in late snow
sites and its very late blooming phenology. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Cr lab, 10120 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al.
8062 (JEPS28182) Unorthwestern end Sagehen Flat, 10250 ft, Lloyd 3155 (UC1300178) UBarcroft Lab,
11450 ft, E.C.Twisselmann 5772 (JEPS31034) UMcAfee Creek Canyon mouth, Morefield 3635 (UC1545349,
UCR60052). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Artemisia tridentata Nuttall ssp. parishii (A. Gray) H.M. Hall & Clements - San Bernardino Mountain Big Sagebrush.
Infrequent, codominating warm desert upper scrub zonal sites below 6500 ft on the southern end of the
range, on quartzite or calcareous substrata, blooming in the fall. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6700 ft, C.B.Wolf
2593 (UC527264, WTU50131); Westgard Pass, Taylor & Colwell 18966 (JEPS); D F. Howe 1036 (SD28295).
Artemisia tridentata Nuttall ssp. tridentata - Big Sagebrush.
Frequent, dominating lower slopes, canyon bottoms, and valley basins on deep, subalkaline to neutral,
sandy soils, generally not above 8500 ft. Inyo: Laws, C.B. Wolf 2577 (UC527277, WTU50132). Mono:
none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none. County unknown: White Mountains, A.C.Shelton 102 (UC449633).
Artemisia tridentata Nuttall ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle - Mountain Big Sagebrush.
Common, dominating upper slopes on a variety of substrata, 7800-11000 ft throughout the range. The
3090 m material of West & Mooney (1972) is this taxon. Inyo: Sierra View, Dedecker 4198 (RSA624820).
Mono: Cottonwood Cr, 9200 ft, Lloyd 3296 (UC1300259); 9500 ft, Duran 1654 (UC1297599) UGranite
Meadow, Cottonwood Cr, 8900 ft, Taylor 9332 (UC1584619, JEPS89427) UCrooked Cr, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3192
(UC1311773) UBig Prospector Meadow, Silver Canyon, 9800 ft, W.L.Jepson 7350 (JEPS37004); Dedecker
6394 (RSA627155) . Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Baccharis L.
Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Pers. Water-Wally.
Infrequent, riparian sites below 6500 ft on the lower southerly flanks of the range [IMF – B. salicina Torrey &
A. Gray]. Inyo: Marble Canyon, DWT obs. 6000 ft, (Additions I) Ueast side Owens Valley, S.W. Austin 550
(UC54149) is also proximal, but is most likely to have come from east of Independence. Mono: none;
Baileya Harv. & A. Gray

Baileya pleniradiata Harv. & A. Gray – desert marigold
Episodic winter annual of loose soils in desert scrub communities, below 5500 ft on the southern end of the
range Inyo: frequent along margin of range in Deep Springs Valley, Morefield, May 1984 (Additions III).
Bidens L. Beggar's Ticks

Bidens frondosa L. - Sticktight.
Occasional, edges of stock ponds, streambeds, and ditches, below 5500 ft on the southern end of the range
Inyo: spring 1 mi N Silver Canyon, 4250 ft, Morefield 3117 (UC1523858, RSA347644, UCR44077). Mono:
none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Brickellia Elliott. Brickell-Bush

Reference: H. King and H. Robinson. 1987. Missouri Bot. Garden Monogr. Syst. Bot. 22:220-224.
1. Perennials from a woody caudex; stems woody at base but never shrubby; leaves glandular and linear, 5-8
mm wide .................................................................................................................................... B. oblongifolia
1' Shrubs, woody well above base
3. Tall shrubs of washes or cliff bases, >6 dm tall
4. Leaves linear, " entire, lanceolate, appearing varnished green ........................................... B. longifolia
4' Leaves ovate, truncate at base, serrate; pubescent........................................................... B. californica
3' Small shrubs, <6 dm tall; leaves thick and spiny-margined; unpleasantly aromatic
............................................................................................................................................... B. microphylla
Brickellia californica (Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray - California Brickell-bush.
Common shrub of rocky canyon walls and streamside areas below 8100 ft on the southwestern flanks of the
range. Inyo: Payson Canyon along CA 168, 6400 ft, Morefield 256 (Additions II). UWestgard Pass, R.
Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG66140, SBBG66141). Mono: Pellisier Cr, 6050 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4358
(UC1549822) UPiute Cr, Taylor (obs.). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Brickellia longifolia S. Waston var. multiflora (Kellogg) Cronquist –
Common shrub of dry washes and sparse riparian communities, below 6500 ft on the southern end of the
range. [JM - B. multiflora] Inyo: Sam=s Springs, Deep Springs Valley drainage, Morefield 3137 (UC1523875)
USilver Canyon, first road switchback, 7300 ft, Taylor 9336 (UC1584367) UBlack Canyon of Marble
Canyon, L.C. Wheeler 7516 (RSA602829) UGunter Cr Canyon along Road 6S03, 5300 ft, Morefield 3126
(UC1523867). Mono: 13 mi N Laws on Highway 6, C.B. Wolf 2576 (SBBG98318). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Brickellia microphylla (Nuttall) A. Gray var. microphylla - Small-leaved Brickelbush.
Occasional shrub of rock cliffs and outcrops along southern flanks of the range, below 9000 ft. [JM - vars.
not treated]. Inyo: vicinity Batchelder Spring, C.W.Tilforth & W.Wiersa 1473 (UC1424839, RSA267957); M.
Dedecker 5688 (RSA374294, RSA625305), 5691 (RSA374295, RSA625302); D.E. Breedlove 1013
(UCSB15418) UWestgard Pass, E.C. Jaeger s.n. (POM187952. POM244315, POM244316); R.S. Ferris 6600
(POM129356); R. Hoffman s.n. (SBBG66098) USilver Canyon; D.F. Howe 1327 (SD37241) above the
narrows, 6350 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4339 (UC1550009, RSA466325); first road switchback, 7300 ft,
Taylor 9339 (UC1584638) Uhead of Marble Canyon, Deep Springs Valley drainage, 6800 ft, Morefield 3136
(UC1523874). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Brickellia oblongifolia Nuttall var. linifolia (D.C. Eaton) Robinson - Flax-leaved Brickelbush.
Scattered on rocky slopes and cliffs, most frequently on calcareous substrates, and in washes, below 8000 ft
on the southern and westerly flanks of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7500 ft, W.L. Jepson 7223
(JEPS18706) UBirch Cr Canyon, Deep Spring Valley drainage, 6000 ft, Lloyd 2985 (UC1300218) USam=s
Springs, Deep Springs Valley drainage, Morefield 3134 (UC1523873) UWestgard Pass, 6650 ft,
A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 2501 (UC669909); R Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG62641, SBBG62646); S. Junack 2277
(SBBG81670) UMollie Gibson Canyon, B. Ertter 3022 (SD107162). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Tip Top Mine,
8550 ft, Taylor 15280 (UC). Mineral: none.
Calycoseris A. Gray Tack Plant

1. Ligules yellow; glandular hairs with a red or purple head; achenes scaberulous
.............................................................................................................................................................. C. parryi
1' Ligules white; glandular hairs with a yellowish head; achenes rugose
............................................................................................................................................................C. wrightii
Calycoseris parryi A. Gray - Mojave Tack Plant.
Infrequent winter annual of desert scrub communities below 5500 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo:
Deep Spring Valley, 6300 ft, J.&H.Grinnell 1051 (JEPS15416) Ubetween Oasis and Deep Springs Valley,
6300 ft, J.&H. Grinell 1051a (UC596584) Umouth Westgard Pass, I.L.Wiggins 8818 (UC894274, UC652719);
C.J. Wilson 161 (UCSB42550) Ucanyon N Poleta Mine, 5100 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3404 (UC1534832,
UCR47432) Unear mouth Wyman Canyon, 5800 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3514 (UC1535072) Unorthwest
base Black Mtn, 4450 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3335 (UC1535168). Mono: north wall McAfee Cr near
mouth, 5700 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3623 (UC1545358). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray - Sonoran Tack Plant.
Infrequent, sandy to gravelly bajadas on the southeastern flanks of the range, below 6000 ft. Inyo: Gilbert
Pass area between Deep Springs Valley and Fish Lake Valley, Duran 3319 (UC1297653). Mono: none;
Chaenactis DC.
1. Annuals; flowers white to or with a pinkish blush
2. Pappus uniseriate, of 4 short to long scales; involucre 5-10 mm long; corollas 4-9 mm long
3. Involucral bracts long attenuate, the tips reddish; receptacle often with chaffy bracts; lower leaves and
stems white-scaly or scurfy (Sect. Acarphaea) ......................................................... C. carphoclinia
3' Involucral bracts obtuse to acuminate, the tips greenish; receptacle naked; lower leaves and stems
pubescent; involucres 10-12 mm high, glandular
4. Basal and lower cauline leaves entire or with a few subterete, callus-tipped segments; outer corollas
bilateral; (Sect. Chaenactis) .................................................................................................. C. fremontii
4' Basal and lower cauline leaves pinnatifid to bipinnatifid, the segments sulcate-grooved below, with
blunt but not commonly callus tipped segments C. macrantha
2' Pappus biseriate, of alternating 4 short and 4 longer scales; involucre 9-18 mm long, the corollas 6-15 mm
long
5. Outer corollas commonly subligulate; corollas 6-10 mm long, anthers exserted
................................................................................................................................................. C. xantiana
5' Outer corolla radial, corollas 9-15 mm long, anthers included to equaling corolla
................................................................................................................................................. C. macrantha
1' Montane to alpine biennial or perennials (Sect. Macrocarphus); flowers whitish
7. Mat-forming alpine cushion plants; polycarpic and perennial
8. Phyllaries glandular; leaves revolute, the divisions contorted or crisped
............................................................................................................................. C. douglasii var. alpina ‚
8' Phyllaries tomentose; leaves flat, the margins not revolute ................................................... C. alpigena
7' Erect, monocarpic (frequently biennial) herbs with a well developed basal rosette of leaves
............................................................................................................................ C. douglasii var. douglasii
Chaenactis alpigena C. Sharsmith - Sierra pincushion.
Uncommon in sandy flats at timberline, generally above 9000 ft, on the northern end of the range. Inyo:
none. Mono: headwaters, southern branch of Middle Creek, 10500 ft, Taylor 8848 (RSA). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Chaenactis carphoclinia A. Gray var. carphoclinia - Pebble Pincushion.
Infrequent, sandy soils in desert scrub below 7500 ft on the southern flanks of the range. [syn. var.
attenuata A. Gray) M.E. Jones] Inyo: 7.4 miles W Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2648 (UC1300313)
Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4300 ft, Morefield 3567 (UC1535048) USilver Canyon near mouth, 4200 ft,
Morefield 3685 (UC1545582, UCR60079); 4600 ft, Duran 3452 (UC519593). Mono: Coldwater Canyon 1.2
mi NW Southern Belle Mine, 5000 ft, Morefield 3701 (UC1545598, UCR60041) UMilner Cr canyon 0.5 mi
above mouth, 5900 ft, , Morefield 3704 (UC1545601, UCR60047). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chaenactis douglasii (Hooker) Hooker & Arnott var. douglasii - Dusty Maidens.
Frequent, open rocky to sandy soils of mountain slopes above 5500 ft throughout the range. [syn. var.
rubricaulis (Rydberg) Ferris] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1515 (UC1297501); K. Brandegee s.n. in
1913 (UC481128); 8700 ft, Lloyd 2843 (UC1300321) UReed Flat, Dedecker 5482 (RSA625417) UWestgard
Pass Rd 3.7 mi E of junction Wacouba Rd, H.J.Thompson 1783 (JEPS26458) UWestgard Pass Rd. 9.5 mi E of
Zurich, P.Raven 14257 (JEPS26451) UWestgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG65669); D.F. Howe s.n.
(SD81151) UWestgard Pass narrows, S. Junack 2278 (SBBG81665) UWhite Mtn Rd 2.4 mi N Westgard Pass,
D. Kyhos 67 (UCD19672). Mono: Crooked Cr, 6750 ft, J.T.Howell 14321 (UC894449). Esmeralda: near Trail
Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 3084 (RSA). Mineral: none.
Chaenactis douglasii (Hooker) Hooker & Arnott var. alpina A. Gray
Infrequent, stable to somewhat mobile scree and fine talus, at 10500-12000 ft on the northern end of the
range. Inyo: none. Mono: Montgomery Cr-Marble Cr divide, 11300 ft, Morefield et al. 4099 (UC1535027).

Chaenactis macrantha D.C.Eaton –
Occasional winter annual in desert scrub below 6000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. Inyo: Westgard
Pass Rd 1.3 mi E Wacouba Rd jct, P.Raven 13827 (JEPS30472) Uvicinity Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield
3694 (UCR60089). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chaenactis stevioides Hooker & Arnott –
Frequent winter annual in desert scrub below 6000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. [syn. var.
brachypappa (A. Gray) H.M. Hall] Inyo:Wmouth Westgard Pass, I.L.Wiggins 8816 (JEPS22854, UC652718);
P. Welton 25 (UCSB46603); J. Trosino 11 (UCSB46572) USilver Canyon, 5000 ft, Duran 2642 (JEPS23961,
SD62338) U3.8 miles W of Westgard Pass, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2732 (UC1300048); 2.5 mi W, D. Wilken 7599
(UCSB26607) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4300 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3569 (UC1535050) ULaws, A.A.
Heller 8237 (UC154092). Mono: McAfee Cr 0.5 mi above mouth, 5700 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3631
Chaenactis xantiana A. Gray – Janos Xantus' Pincushion-flower.
Occasional, sandy soils in desert scrub below 6000 ft on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon
3 miles below Roberts Ranch, 7000 ft, Duran 3053 (UC1297499) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4300 ft,
Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3556 (UC1535039). Mono: mouth Marble Cr, between Benton and Hammil Valleys,
6500 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3738 (UC1545569). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chaetodelpha A. Gray
Chaetodelpha wheeleri A. Gray – George M. Wheelers’s
Infrequent, sandy desert scrub on alluvial fans, and stabilized, low dunes on the floor of the valley bottoms
flanking the range, below 5500 ft. Inyo: Payxon Canyon, C.J. Wilson 160 (UCSB42579). Mono: Deveronis
Ranch, Hammil Valley, 4800 ft, F.W.Peirson 12457 (RSA95087) UHammil Valley, Duran 3486 (UC535044).
Chaetopappa DC.
Chaetopappa ericoides (Torrey) G. Nesom
Infrequent, stony or heavy soils of benches, flats and ridges, often on calcearous substrata and in sites
dominated by Low Sagebrush or open pinyon woodland, below 8000 ft. [syn. Leucelene e. (Torrey) Greene]
Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 7000 ft, Mitchell 2050 (UC1299821, SD62450) UWyman Canyon 1 mile below
Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Duran 1699 (UC1297671) UWestgard Pass, 7200 ft, R.S.Ferris 12356 (JEPS3264).
Chorisiva (A. Gray) Rydberg - Nevada stinkweed

Chorisiva nevadensis (M. E. Jones) Rydberg
Infrequent, open sandy desert scrub communities below 7000 ft on the lower flanks of the range. [syn. Iva
nevadensis M.E. Jones] Inyo: spring 1.7 mi SSE mouth Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3695 (UC1545612,
UCR60034). Mono: alluvial fan east of DeVernois Ranch, 4700 ft, F.W.Pierson 12643 (JEPS41101) Unear
mouth McAfee Cr, 5450 ft, Morefield (UC1523913, RSA346923, UCR44071). Esmeralda: north of Pinyon
Hill, 6500 ft, Duran 2868 (UC). Mineral: none.
Chrysothamnus Nutt. Rabbitbrush

Note: those rabbit brushes realigned to reside within Ericameria are not keyed here
References: L.C. Anderson. 1984. pp. 29-45 in: U.S.D.A. Forest Service General Tech. Rpt. INT-200; G.L. Nesom & G.I.
Baird. 1993. Phytologia 75(1):74-93.
1. Phyllaries equal and arranged spirally; stems with felt-like tomentum or leaves resinous punctuate
.............................................................................................................................. Ericameria
1' Phyllaries unequal and arranged in vertical ranks; stems glabrous or sparsely puberulent
.....................................................................................................................Chrysothamnus
2' Leaves filiform, ca. 1 mm wide; phyllary apices cuspidate; florets 4 or 5
........................................................................................................................ C. greenei ‚
2’ Leaves linear, 1 mm wide, flattened, often twisting through 360Ealong the length of the blade;
phyllary apices obtuse to acute, florets 3-5
.....................................................................................................................C. viscidiflorus
3. Stems finely puberulent; leaves 1-2 mm wide and " glabrous
................................................................................................................................ C. v. ssp. puberulus
3' Leaves and stems glabrous, or at most the leaves sparsely ciliate
4. Leaves "4-8 mm wide; flowers 4-8 per head; involucre cylindric
............................................................................................................................ C. v. ssp. viscidiflorus

4' Leaves " 2 mm wide; flowers 3-4 per head; involucre obconic
................................................................................................................................. C. v. ssp. axillaris
Chrysothamnus greenei (A. Gray) Greene – Edward L. Greene=s rabbitbrush.
Locally common on open sandy flats in valley bottoms flanking the northern and eastern ends of the range,
below 5500 ft. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: hills between Soldier Pass and Deep Springs College, Morefield 3143
(UC1523880) U4 miles E Oasis, Jack L. Reveal & David Mason 898, in 1963 (UC1338466). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
locally common on open sandy flats with Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus ssp. puberulus, which it resembles,
Morefield 12 August 1985 (Additions III); Mineral: Additions III op. cit.
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall ssp. axillaris (D.D. Keck) L. C.Anderson - Inyo rabbitbrush.
Occasional on desert slopes below 5500 ft on the eastern flanks of the range. [IMF - not recognized] Inyo:
Deep Springs Valley, R.S. Ferris 6924 (holotype NY163405, isotype DS162143). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall ssp. puberulus (D.C. Eaton) H.M. Hall & Clements
Common, low sagebrush communities and sparsely vegetated rocky slopes and ridges, below 10200 ft on the
east slope: [syn. C. v. ssp. elegans (Greene.) H.M. Hall & Clem. misapplied] Inyo: White Mt Rd 1.7 mi N
Westgard Pass, C.W.Tilforth & W.Wisura 1480 (UC1424905) UCedar Flat, 7600 ft, C.N.Smith 1260
(JEPS33433); 3 mi N, 8500 ft, J.&L. Roos 5091 (UC1010177); 7000 ft, Duran 2839 (UC519589); Mooney 804
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWestgard Pass, Jack L. Reveal & D. Mason 896 (UC1338445); J. Powell 528
(UC1311854); 529 (UC1311863) UDeep Springs; College, 5400 ft, Morefield 3145 (UC1523920), 3144
(UC1523919); Valley, J. Reveal 2747 (SD109445) U2.2 mi S Crooked Cr Lab, 7000 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al.
8213 (JEPS29076) USilver Canyon, 5800 ft, Lloyd 2867 (UC1389314, UC1299843) Umouth Mollie Gibson
Canyon. 6960 ft, Lloyd 2962 (UC1389315) UBlack Canyon; near Marble Fork, 5700 ft, Duran 1754a
(UC1297675); head, Mooney 326 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UPayson Canyon, 6500 ft, Mooney 361
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) USchulman Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4295 (UCR121960). Mono: near mouth
McAfee Cr, 5300 ft, Morefield 3050 (UC1523903, UCR44107). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall ssp. viscidiflorus - Sticky-leaved Rabbit Brush.
Frequent, open sagebrush slopes, pumice flats and meadow borders below 9500 ft on the east slope. [syn. C.
v. ssp. pumilus (Nuttall) Hall & Clements of Lloyd & Mitchell 1973] Inyo:between Reed Flat and Prospector
Meadow, C.W.Tilforth & W.Wisura 1484 (UC1424838); J. & L. Roos 5113 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973
USchulman Grove, 10200 ft, C.N.Smith 1251 (JEPS33434); C.W.Sharsmith 7869 (SJSU6228) UWestgard
Pass Rd; 3.8 mi W Westgard Pass, Lloyd 2745 (UC1300041); D.F. Howe 4767 (SD112662); D.F. Howe s.n.
(SD81108, SD81174) U5.7 miles down Wyman Canyon Rd, 8200 ft, Lloyd 3044 (UC1389316), 3045
(UC1300229) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1714 (UC1297676), 3517 (UC1297674)
Uabove Cedar Spring, R.D. Goeden 3 (UCR70075) USilver Canyon, 9300 ft, Mooney 283 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973). Mono: Patriarch Grove, 11400 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 7866 (SJSU6225) USheep Mtn, 11500 ft,
E.C.Twisselmann 5801 (JEPS31035) U4 mi E Crooked Cr Lab, J.M.Tucker 2249 (UC984800) UCrooked Cr
Lab, 9400 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8096 (JEPS28224, JEPS81925) UNorth of Barcroft Lab, 12400 ft,
R.Bacagalupi et al. 8124 (JEPS28255) Uspring at head Busher Creek, 10500 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty
4176 (UC1534923) UPellisier Flats overlooking Indian Cr, 12400 ft, Mitchell 2204 (UC1300288) UPatriarch
Grove, 11000 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8168 (JEPS29038) UDavis Cr, 10500 ft, Duran 3111 (UC1297673)
UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7343 (JEPS21425). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cirsium Mill. Thistle

1. Heads small 1-1.5 cm, unisexual, the plants dioecious ................................................................... C. arvense
1 Heads larger, generally >3 cm, the plants monoecious
2. Stems with spiny wings; leaf surfaces bristly above ..................................................................... C. vulgare
2' Stems not winged or slightly winged but the wings not spiny; leaf surfaces soft tomentose (but the margins
are spiny!)
3. Plants acaulescent, the stems > 1 dm and the flowers born in a cluster of fringing rosette leaves;
flowers pink to purple .......................................................................................................... C. congdonii
3. Plants erect and caulescent, generally >5 dm tall, the flowers in a open inflorescence
4. Outer and middle phyllaries strongly reflexed; flowers red to purple
5. Perennial, main phyllary spines 7-29 mm ................................................................ C. arizonicum
5' Biennial, main phyllary spines < 6 mm .................................................................... C. occidentale
4' Outer and middle phyllaries erect (the spine tip sometimes bent, but the foliaceous part of the
phyllary not so); flowers white or with a pinkish blush .................................................. C. mohavense
Cirsium arizonicum (A. Gray) Petrak - Mojave thistle.
Scattered on dryer margin of springs and riparian sites below ca. 9500 ft. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7500 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7217 (JEPS59263) UWyman Creek, 10000 ft, Duran 2619 (UC1297604); 9000 ft, B.Magurie &
A.Holmgren 26161 (UC701960) Uupper end Wyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Mitchell 2265 (UC1300293) Uupper
reaches Birch Cr near Schulman Grove, 9500 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4068 (UC1550050). Mono:
Cottonwood Basin, Morefield in Additions IV. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
*Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. - Canadian Thistle.
Sparingly introduced in mesic disturbed riparian or meadows, below 9800 ft on the northern end of the
range. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Queen Canyon, Morefield 4297 (NY409477) Useep near
Kennedy Point, Morefield 4300 (NY409476). Mineral: none.
Cirsium mohavense (Greene) Petrak - Mojave Thistle.
Occasional, driest non-desertic margin of meadows, springs and riparian sites, below 7500 ft on the
southern end of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, Duran 1505 (UC1297602); 5100 ft, Lloyd 2829
(UC1299998); 6500 ft, W.L. Jepson 7227 (JEPS59262); 7200 ft, H.M.Hall 19635 (UC202350); K. Brandegee
s.n. in 1913 (UC178798, UC178799); D.F. Howe s.n. (SD28300) UWarm Springs, w base Black Mtn, 4100 ft,
Taylor 6803 (JEPS) UTollhouse Springs (Batchelder Spring), P. Raven 11244 (JEPS19527); R.D. Goeden s.n.
(UCR109705); L.C. Wheeler 8858 (RSA600188) UMarble Canyon fork of Black Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2852
(JEPS23970, UC1297603, SD62284). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cirsium neomexicanum A. Gray - Desert thistle.
Occasional on dry slopes in mesic scrub or pinyon communities, below 7500 ft on the southern end of the
range. Cirsium inamoenum (Greene) D.J. Keil var. inamoenum, with larger bracts, and much larger corolla
lobes in relation to the tube, is reported from the eastern Sierra Nevada region and should be sought in our
region. Inyo: Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran s.n. in 1929 (UC1285717) USilver Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran
Cirsium occidentale (Nuttall) Jepson var. venustum (Greene) Jepson - Venus thistle.
Occasional, rocky mesic slopes and canyons, below 8000 ft on the southerly end of the range. [syn. Cirsium
proteanum J. Howell; C. nidulum (Jones) Petr.; IMF - C. pastoris J.Howell; reported as C. ochrocentrum
A..Gray in Additions II] Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 7100 ft, Lloyd 2776 (UC1300028) Ucanyon west face Black
Mtn, 5150 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3555 (UC1534903, UC1534904). Ujust upcanyon from Tollhouse
Springs, Dedecker 5690 (RSA625303) U vicinity Grandview campground, R.D. Goeden s.n. (UCR109709).
Cirsium scariosum Nuttall var. congdonii (Moore & Frankton) D. J. Keil - Congdon's Thistle.
Frequent, meadows (abundant where heavily grazed), above 9000 ft on the west slope and below 11700 ft on
the east side of the range. [JM & IMF - C. scariosum Nuttall, misapplied; Cirsium congdonii R. Moore &
Frankton, C. drummondii Torrey & A. Gray, misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973] Inyo: Black Spring
Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran s.n. in 1929 (UC1297247), annotated by D. Keil as a hybrid with C. arizonicum
UWyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2800 (UC1300015); G. Willett s.n. (POM352171). Mono: Crooked Cr Lab,
10100 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8053 (JEPS28163); E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3558 (JEPS32957, RSA166834,
UCSB27797); W.L.Jepson 7267 (JEPS59267); 9500 ft, Duran 1528 (UC1297600) Uupper Cottonwood Creek,
T.S. Elias & K.A. Teare 10461 (RSA389331). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2504 (UC). Mineral:
none.
*Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. - Bull Thistle.
Infrequent in ruderal vegetation, mesic disturbed riparian sites, and Overgrazed and degraded marsh and
meadow areas, below 7800 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Antelope Springs, Morefield, Additions III;
Tollhouse Springs, H.V. Witham 638 (SD76202). Mono: Lone Tree Creek, D. York 2475 (RSA689655) U
McAfee Canyon, Morefield, Additions III. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Conyza Less
1. Middle of phyllaries with a brown, resin-filled canal; plants glandular ......................................... C. canadensis
1' Middle of phyllaries green; plants pubescent but not glandular see ................................... Laennecia coulteri
*Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist - Canadian Horseweed.
Scattered on seeps, roadsides, and open gravelly streambeds, below 7800 ft . Inyo: Wyman Creek, 6500 ft,
Duran 3169 (UC1297503); 5900 ft. Mitchell 2155 (UC1299917, SD62243). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Marble
Cr, 5500 ft, T.M. Lankester 828 (BM). Mineral: none.
Crepis L. Hawk's Beard

1. Stems and leaves glabrous or sparsely hispid but not tomentose
3. Dwarf alpine plants <2dm tall with 6-12 flowers in each head; leaves oblanceolate to obovate, entire or
few toothed; alpine scree slopes ................................................................................................. C. nana
3' Leaves in basal rosettes, inflorescence 2-7 dm tall with 20-50 flowers in each head; moist alkaline flats
................................................................................................................. C. runcinata ‚
1' Stems and leaves puberulent to tomentose or glandular
4. Largest heads of inflorescence with 5-8 glabrous inner phyllaries and 5-10 flowers
................................................................................................................................................. C. acuminata
4' Largest heads with 7-15 setose to tomentose inner phyllaries and 10-60 flowers
5. Lower part of stem beset with stout, glandless bristles .................................................. C. modocensis
5' Lower part of stem nor bristly or the bristles gland tipped
6. Plants mostly 1-3 dm tall, with a cymose inflorescence of 2-25 heads; involucres broadly cylindric,
5-9 mm wide at anthesis, 12-25 flowered; longest outer phyllaries a-brds inner ones
......................................................................................................................................... C. occidentalis
6' Plants 3-6 dm tall, with a cymose panicle of 20-60 heads; involucres narrowly cylindric, 3-3.5 mm
wide at anthesis with 8-10 flowers; longest outer phyllaries only a-3 or less inner
....................................................................................................................................... C. intermedia
Crepis indet - Inyo: Westgard Pass, J.W.Johnson s.n. in 1937 (JEPS59341).
Crepis acuminata Nuttall - Lobed Hawk's-Beard.
Infrequent on open brushy slopes, open montane or subalpine forest, and sagebrush scrub, below 10800 ft
on the southern flanks of the range. Inyo: summit of trail from Silver Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow,
10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7248 (JEPS36421) UCedar Flat, D.F. Howe s.n. (SD51414). Mono: none. Crooked Cr,
9700 ft, Duran M125 (UC1297660). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Crepis intermedia A. Gray - Hybrid Hawk's Beard
Sporadic on dry open forest and flats, 4000-10200 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Reed Flat, 10300 ft,
J.&L. Roos 5832 (UC1010205); Dedecker 6134 (RSA626280) Ujct Wyman Canyon Rd and White Mtn Rd,
S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282592) Uhead Wyman Canyon, H.Mooney et al. 318 (UC1456590) USilver
Canyon, 7100 ft, Lloyd 2858 (UC1300119) Ueast of Westgard Pass, 6700 ft, Jack Reveal 1138 (UC1338433)
UWestgard Pass; on Campito Sandstone, 8800 ft, H.Mooney et al. 347 (UC1456591); R.D. Goden s.n.
(UCR44421) USchulman Grove, 10000 ft, Mooney et al. 377 (UC1454592). Mono: McCloud Camp, 9450 ft,
Lloyd 3135 (UC1300157). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 8000 ft, Duran 2894 (UC), 3077 (UC, RM) Unear
Sugarloaf, 8400 ft, Taylor 15277 (UC). Mineral: none.
Crepis nana A. Richards ssp. ramosa Babccock - Alpine Hawk's-Beard.
Infrequent, moving fine scree slopes under deep late snowcover at or above timberline, 10200-13100 ft on in
the central and northern parts of the range. [syn. Askellia nana (Richardson) W.A.Weber] Inyo: none. Mono:
cirque, head Perry Aiken Cr, 11200 ft, Morefield & T.S. Ross 4697 (UC1545417) Uheadwaters Milner Cr,
12200 ft, Taylor 9153 (JEPS). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Crepis occidentalis Nuttall ssp. pumila (Rydberg) Babcock & Stebbins - Western Hawk's-Beard.
Dry open slopes, open forest, scrub or brushy vegetation, below 8800 ft on the southern end of the range.
[JM - infrataxa not treated] Inyo: Westgard Pass, 7300 ft, C.N.Smith 1379 (JEPS48133); E. C. Jaeger s.n.
(UCR20636) Ucanyon west of Westgard Pass, 6700 ft, E.C.Twisselmann 15544 (JEPS60822). Mono: vicinity
Crooked Creek Road at White Mountain Road, R. D. Goeden 26 (UCR57415). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon,
6500 ft, E.C.Jaeger s.n. (RSA); Duran 3257 (UC). Mineral: none.
Crepis runcinata Torrey & A. Gray ssp. hallii Babcock & Stebbins – Harvey M. Hall’s Hawk's-Beard.
Uncommon, alkaline to neutral meadows and about hot springs below 8000 ft on the northern and western
flanks of the range. Cronquist (1994) assigns our plants to an enlarged var. imbricata Babcock & Stebbins, a
view which Stebbins did not share. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none; Mono County; none. Esmeralda: Trail
Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2501 ( paratype UC) UAlbert Mine, Queen Canyon, 8300 ft, Taylor 15240 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Dieteria Nuttall
Reference: B.L. Turner. 1987. Phytologia 62:207-266.
1. Herbs with ray flowers fertile and well developed, styles evident; involucre 8-12 mm high with 5-10 series of
phyllaries
...................................................................................................................................................... D. canescens
2. Stems glandular but not canescent .................................................................... D. c. var. leucanthemifolia
2' Stems only canescent, glandular or not ....................................................................... D. c. var. canescens
1' Ray flowers sterile and rudimentary; subshrub see ..................................................................... Arida carnosa
Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. canescens - Canescent Desert-Aster.
Frequent, dry slopes and forest openings, 6500-9800 ft. [syn. Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) A. Gray var.
canescens ] Inyo: Westgard Pass, R. Hoffman s.n. (SBBG60658.2, SBBG60678); D.F. Howe s,.n. in 1970
(SD77839) in 1971 (SD81119) UWhite Mtn Road 6.8 mi N Westgard Pass, D. Wilken et al. 4800 (UCSB8798);
9.1 miles N, 10400 ft, E.C.Twisselmann 5810 (JEPS31037) Umouth Birch Cr, Deep Springs Valley, 5050 ft,
Lloyd 2979 (UC1300324) Uhead Wyman Canyon, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3886 (UC1389254); Dedecker 5483
(RSA625418) UMollie Gibson Canyon, 7950 ft, Lloyd 2941 (UC1300069) U1 mile below Roberts Ranch,
Wyman Canyon, Duran 1702 (UC1297669) UMarble Canyon fork of Black Canyon, 8450 ft, Duran M34
(UC1297668). Mono: near Crooked Cr Lab, 10300 ft, R.Bacagaluip & P.C.Hutchinson 8058 (JEPS28168)
U0.5 mi NE Crooked Cr Lab, Lloyd 3143 (UC1300172) UChiatovich Flats, 10300 ft, V. Duran 2561
(UC1297670) UCottonwood Cr, 9200 ft, Lloyd 3295 (UC1300260) Uhead South Fork Cottonwood Cr, 11500
ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26157 (UC701605). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nuttall var. leucanthemifolia (Green) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartm. - Glandular Desert-Aster
Infrequent, dry slopes and loose soils in desert scrub, below 6000 ft on the western flank of the range. [syn.
Machaeranthera canescens var. leucanthemifolium (Greene) S.L.Welsh] Inyo: none. Mono: north side McAfee
Creek canyon near mouth, 5500 ft, Morefield 3065 (UC1523915), 3064 (RSA346925). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Eatonella A. Gray
Eatonella nivea (D.C. Eaton) A. Gray - Wool-tuft.
Uncommon, small easily overlooked annual of sandy soils in desert scrub, and elevated in Cercocarpus
woodland, below 10800 ft Inyo: near mouth Wyman Creek, Morefield 3529 (UC1535086, UCR48272), 3644
(UC1545377, UCR59885). Mono County; none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 8500 ft, Duran 3076 (UC)
Usouth flank Mustang Mtn, 10200 ft, Taylor 15251 (UC). Mineral: none.
Encelia Adans.
Encelia actonii Elmer - Brittlebush.
Occasional, dry slopes below 7500 ft on the southeastern flanks of the range. [IMF - E. frutescens var. a.
(Elmer) S.F.Blake] Inyo: Westgard Pass Rd 7.4 mi W Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2640 (UC1299993)
Ubelow Batchelder Spring, J. W. Hopkins s.n. (SBBG60828) UBirch Creek, White Mtn Rd, Lloyd 2981
(UC1300322) UBlack Canyon, 4400 ft, Duran 2652 (UC4773352, SD5562). Mono: mouth Coldwater
Canyon, 5100 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3440 (UC1534866). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Enceliopsis (A. Gray) A. Nelson

Enceliopsis nudicaulis (A. Gray) A. Nelson var. nudicaulis - Nevada sunray.
Rare, warm southerly facing calcareous slopes, hydrothermally altered volcanics [elsewhere, lakebed
sedimentary beds], below 6000 ft on the eastern side of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Busher Cr Canyon
near Nevada State Line, Morefield (Additions III) U1 mile up Coldwater Canyon, 5750 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 3422 (UC1534850) Unorth wall McAfee Cr, 5700 ft, Morefield 3626 (UC1545341). Esmeralda:
Ericameria Nutt. Goldenbush

Uncodumented: E. bloomeri (discounting UCR70077 as being a probable mis-identification) Included here are several
taxa previously placed in Chrysothamnus.
1’ Phyllaries equal or subequal, herbaceous and leaf-like in surface anatomy
2’ Heads radiate ........................................................................................................................E. suffruticosa
2’ Heads discoid
3’ Leaves and phyllaries stipitate glandular
4’ Young twigs greenish .......................................................................................................E. discoidea
4’ Young twigs whiteish with a felt like tomentum
...................................................................................................................................... E. x bolanderi ‚
2' Phyllaries long-acuminate, weekly keeled; inflorescence racemose; heads 5-18 flowered
5. Phyllaries glandular ....................................................................................................... E. x bolanderi ‚
5' Phyllaries tomentose or ciliate, not glandular ............................................................................. E. parryi
6 Leaves oblanceolate; glandular trichomes stalked ................................................... E. p. ssp. aspera
6' Leaves linear to lanceolate; not glandular or glandular trichomes sessile
7. Inflorescence with 1-3 heads; corollas < 9 mm ........................................... E. p. ssp. monocephala
7' Inflorescence with 4-many heads; corollas > 10-11 mm long
.......................................................................................................................... E. p. ssp. nevadensis
1’ Phyllaries unequal, chartaceous or with herbaceous (green) patches at the tip
8’ Heads radiate, with at least a few or irregularly spaced rays
9’ Rays white................................................................................................... E. albida ‚
9’ Rays yellow
10. Flowering in the spring or early summer; leaves 10-15 mm long, with glandular trichomes
and with or without glandular pits
11’ Leaves with glandular pits ................................................................... E. cooperi
11’ Leaves not gland dotted........................................................................... E. nana
10’ Flowering in the fall, leaves glabrous but with circular, deep glandular pits
..............................................................................................................E. larcifolius
8’ Heads discoid
12. Phyllaries without evident, raised midvenis, with a spherical resin gland at the tip
.............................................................................................................. E. teretifolia
12’ Phyllaries with raised conspicuous mid-veins, lacking an apical gland
13. Leaves variously linear or lanceolate but not ovate or spantulate, usually < 5 mm wide;
stems with dense, felt-like tomentum
........................................ .................................................... Ericameria nauseosa
14. Phyllaries pubescent to tomentose; stems white; leaves dark green or grayish white
15' Phyllaries 10-13 mm long
............................................................................. E. n. ssp. bernardina
15' Phyllaries 7-10(11) mm long
16. Corolla lobes short, 0.5-1 mm long, style appendage < stigmatic portion
............................................................................ E. n. ssp. speciosa
16' Corolla lobes longer, 1-2 mm long, style appendage>stigmatic portion
........................................................................ E. n. ssp. hololeucua
14' Phyllaries glabrous or only ciliate on margins; stems tan or greenish;
leaves greenish-yellow
17. Achenes pubescent
18. Involucres 6-10 mm high, stems generally leafy
......................................................................... E. n. ssp. oreophila
18' Involucres 8.5-12 mm high, stems often leafless for great lengths
....................................................................... E. n. ssp. mohavensis
17' Achenes glabrous.................................................... E. n. ssp. leiosperma
13’ Leaves oblong, 2.5 ->10 mm wide; stems lacking felt like tomentum
........................................................................................... E. cuneata
Ericameria albida (M. E. Jones ex A. Gray) C. L. Anderson - White flowered Rabbitbrush.
Infrequent, subsaline saltgrass meadow borders and about hot springs on the floor of the Owens Valley on
our western flank, below 4500 ft.; ranging eastward into sc Nevada and sw Utah. ‚ CNPS List 4.2 ‚ [syn.
Chrysothamnus albidus (A. Gray) Greene] Inyo: Warm Spring,Wbase Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Taylor obs; a
proximal voucher is Taylor 7262 (UC1584615) from Klondike Lake nearby. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Ericameria x bolanderi (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Barid – Henry N. Bolander=s rabbitbrush.
Considered a hybrid between E. nauseosa ssp. speciosa & Ericameria discoidea, sporadic in proximity to both
parents, 9000-11000 ft on the northern end of the range. Our occurrence was not known to Anderson &
Reveal (Madrono 18:225-233. 1966), nor is there sufficient evidence to conclude that it is not a stable, and
rare species of hybrid origin. [syn. Chrysothamnus x bolanderi (A. Gray) Greene] Inyo: none. Mono: upper
Cottonwood Creek basin, reported in Additions III. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ericameria cooperi (A. Gray) H.M. Hall var. cooperi - James G. Coopers goldenbush
Occasional shrub of rock outcrops in desert scrub or lower pinyon woodland settings, below 7500 ft
throughout the range. [IMF - Haplopappus cooperi (A. Gray) H.M. Hall]. Inyo: 7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass,
5000 ft, Lloyd 2657 (UC1389247), D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81059) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4100 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 3572 (UC1535053) UBlack Canyon of Marble Canyon, Duran 593 (UC439851, SD5229,
SD73498) Unear Tollhouse Springs, B.Ertter & Morefield 6290 (UC1561418, SD129763) Uvicinity 3 mi E
Zurich, J. Trosino 14 (UCSB46602); M. Visser 49 (UCSB46503). Mono: near Copper Queen Mine, 5800 ft,
C.N.Smith 1376 (JEPS48100) Umouth Marble Creek, Hammil Valley, 6300 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3759
Ericameria cuneata (A. Gray) McClatchie var. cuneata - Cliff Goldenbush.
Frequent, crevices of rock outcrops, domes, and cliff faces, 3000-9800 ft on both slopes of the Sierra: [IMF -
Haplopappus cuneata A. Gray]. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7239 (JEPS20608); H.M.Hall 10632
(UC202356) Unortherly fork Silver Canyon, 7200 ft, C.B.Wolf 2580 (UC527275) Ujunction Marble Canyon
and Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 3021 (UC1297648) UWyman Canyon; near the Narrows, 6450 ft,
Morefield 3142 (UC1523879); D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81212) U3.65 mi S summit Black Mtn, 6800 ft, Morefield
3148 (UC1523923, UCR44053) UPayson Canyon, Morefield 3149 (UC1523924, UCR44090) UWestgard Pass,
R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG62604). Mono: Cottonwood Canyon, C. W. Sharsmith 8874 (SJSU10292);
Ericameria discoidea (Nuttall) G. Nesom - White-stemmed Goldenbush.
Frequent, sandy or well drained soils of montane or subalpine forest, alpine ridges, and rocky sparse
sagebrush slopes, above 8800 ft .[IMF - Haplopappus macronema A. Gray, syn. Macronema discoideum Nutt.]
Inyo: none. Mono: County Line Hill, W.L.Jepson 7360 (JEPS20153) Ueast flank Paiute Mtn, 11000 ft, R.
Bacagalupi et al. 8157 (JEPS29027) Ueast slope Sheep Mtn, 11500 ft, E.C.Twisselmann 5802 (JEPS31055)
U1 mile below Crooked Cr lab, 10000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282586) UCrooked Cr canyon, 9900 ft,
Lloyd 3272 (UC1300145, SD62223) UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3211 (UC1311745); 3092
(UC1311784) UCrooked Creek Lab, 10200 ft, Lloyd 3152 (UC1300173); J.M.Tucker 2236 (UC984789); E. R.
Blakley 3595 (SBBG11375); S. F. Cook s.n. (UC1282586) Uhead Cottonwood Cr, 11500 ft, Duran 2606
(UC1297647); 11600 ft, Dedecker 6014 (RSA627431) UPatriarch Grove, C.W. Sharsmith 7867 (SJSU6226)
UPellisier Flats overlooking Indian Cr, 12400 ft, Mitchell 2203A (UC1300298) UMontgomery Cr-Marble Cr
divide, 11300 ft, Morefield et al. 4119 (UC1534922). Esmeralda: Middle Creek, 10500 ft, Taylor 8850 (RSA);
Mineral: none.
Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinners
Frequent shrub of lower, southerly desert flanks of the range, below 7000 ft, flowering only in the fall and
perhaps overlooked as E. cooperi. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6200 ft. Taylor 19504 (JEPS backlog). Mono: none;
Ericameria nana Nuttall - Small Goldenbush.
Rare, cliffs and rock outcrops in arid, hot southerly exposed settings, generally along on the western flanks
of the range. ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚ [IMF - Haplopappus nanus (Nutt.) D.C.Eaton] Inyo: none. Mono: frequent
in rocky areas, Morefield (Additions III). Esmeralda: frequent in rocky areas, Morefield (Additions III);
Mineral: none.
Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird
ssp. bernardina (H.M. Hall) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird – San Bernardino Mountains rabbitbrush
Scattered and infrequent in the southerly portion of the range. [syn. Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp.
bernardinus (H.M. Hall). H.M. Hall & Clements]. Inyo: just above Sierra View, White Mtn Rd, 9370 ft,
Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4336 (UC1534934). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
ssp. hololeuca (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird – White rabbitbrush.
Frequent, sandy soils and dunes, below 7000 ft on the west slope bordering the Owens Valley, Deep Spring
Valley and Fish Lake Valley. [syn. Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. hololeucus (A. Gray) H.M. Hall &
Clements] Inyo: Silver Canyon, H.M. Hall 10631 (UC203121); D.F. Howe s.n. (SD28301); P.A. Munz 12695
(RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); Mooney 485 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) USam=s Springs, Deep
Springs Valley drainage, 5650 ft, Morefield 3139 (UC1523876) UWyman Canyon 8000 ft, Duran s.n. in 1931
(UC1297678) U2 miles below Robert=s Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 3044 (UC1297672). Mono:
ssp. leiosperma (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird –
Infrequent, desert scrub below 7000 ft; [syn. Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. leiospermus (A. Gray) H.M. Hall
& Clements] Inyo: north fork Silver Canyon, 7000 ft, C.B.Wolf 2585 (UC527271) USilver Canyon 0.5 miles
above the Narrows, 6350 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4337 (UC1534395) UWestgard Pass Rd, D.F. Howe s.n.
(SD81001). Mono: vicinity Crooked Cr lab, J.K. McPherson 179 (UCSB30249) Uvicinity mouth of McAfee
Creek, Morefield 3066 (UC1523917, UCR44096). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
ssp. mohavensis (Greene) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird- Mojave rabbitbrush
Infrequent, warmer exposures below 8500 ft on the southern end of the range. [syn. Chrysothamnus
nauseosus ssp. mohavensis (Greene) H.M.Hall & Clements] Inyo: Westgard Pass narrows, S. A. Junak 2279
(SBBG81661); Inyo Forest boundary, 5000 ft, Jack Reveal & D.Mason 891 (UC1338454); also reported in
Additions III. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
ssp. oreophila (A. Nelson) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird – Great Basin rabbitbrush.
Occasional, heavy alkaline soils along the western flank of the range, below 5500 ft. [syns. Chrysothamnus
nauseosus var. oreophilus (A. Nelson) H.M.Hall; Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. consimilis (Greene) H.M. Hall
& Cements] Inyo: UTollhouse Springs, Lloyd 3336 (UC1300301). USam's Springs canyon, Morefield 3140
(UC1523877) UDeep Springs, H.M. Hall 10820 (UC203144) ULaws, H.M. Hall 10680 (UC203136) USilver
Canyon, D.F. Howe s.n. (SD28304). Mono: Benton, H.M. Hall 10642 (UC203068, holotype of var. viridulus
H.M. Hall, a synonym); M. Canfield s.n. in 1921 (SD40568) U5 mi S Pellisier Ranch, J. Grinnell s.n.
ssp. speciosa (Nuttall) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird - White Stemmed Rabbitbrush.
Sporadic, on a variety of slope aspects and substrata, 7000-10000 ft on the northern end of the range.
[syn. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas) Britton ssp. albicaulis (Nutt.) H.M. Hall & Clements] Inyo: Silver
Canyon, Lloyd 2854 (UC1300115) UPayson Canyon, Dedecker 6183 ( RSA626523). Mono: upper
Cottonwood Cr drainage, 10200 ft, Morefield 3105 (UC1523933, UCR44213). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Ericameria paniculata (A. Gray) Rydberg –
Infrequent on lower desert slopes of the southerly portion of the range. [syn. Chyrsothamnus p. (A. Gray)
H.M. Hall] Inyo: Black Canyon of Marble Canyon, Duran 3023 (UC1297677) Uwash along Westgard Pass
Rd, 4400 ft, Taylor 7293 (JEPS). Mono County, none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & G. I Baird
ssp. aspera (Greene) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird - Rough Parry's Rabbitbrush.
Frequent, rocky subalpine slopes and avalanche cones, 6200-10000 ft [syn. Chrysothamnus parryi (A. Gray)
Greene ssp. asper (Greene) H.M. Hall & Clements] Inyo: northeast edge Reed Flat, 10000 ft, Morefield &
C.W.Abbott 4335 (UC1534933) USouth Fork Birch Cr below Reed Flat, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4071
(UC1534920) UReed Flat, 10100 ft, J.&L. Roos 5114 (UC1010181). Mono: below Crooked Creek lab, 10300
ft, Dedecker 6395 (RSA627251). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
ssp. moncephala (A. Nelson & P. B. Kennedy) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird - Alpine rabbitbrush.
Infrequent on windswept alpine ridges, mostly on non-granitic substrates, 10000-13200 ft on both slopes of
the range [syn. Chrysothamnus parryi ssp. monocephalus (Nelson & Kenn.) H.M. Hall & Clements] Inyo:
none. Mono: 0.9 mi NE Eva Belle Mine, 10400 ft, Morefield 3107 (UC1523934, UCR44212) Uupper
Cottonwood Basin, Dedecker 6368 (RSA627133, RSA627250). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
ssp. nevadensis (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird – Nevada rabbitrush.
Infrequent, rocky slopes and flats below 4500 ft on the southwest flanks of the range [syn. Chrysothamnus
parryi ssp. nevadensis (A. Gray) H.M. Hall & Clements] Inyo: none. Mono: Hammil Valley, E.C.Jaeger s.n. in
1939 (UC628475) is the most proximal record. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ericameria suffruticosa (Nuttall) G. L. Nesom - Suffrutescent Goldenbush.
Frequent, well drained sites on slopes and ridges in scrub above 7800 ft on the western slope and on the
eastern slope. [IMF - Haplopappus s. Nutt.] Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, 10000 ft, W.H.Shockey
593 (JEPS20176) UNorth Fork Crooked Cr, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7341 (JEPS20170) UCampito Mountain,
10500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7283 (JEPS32919) UCrooked Cr Lab, 10500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282587);
E.R. Blakley 3595 (SBBG12831) UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3210 (UC1311714) Uupper Cottonwood
Cr, 11500 ft, Duran 2607 (UC1297242) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran 594 (UC439852, UTC13523,
SD5253, SD73497) USheep Mtn, 12000 ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26144 (UC701510, UTC67431)
UBarcroft Lab, 12500 ft, J.M.Tucker 2268 (UC984768, UTC83670); Dedecker 1251 (RSA624267), 6015
(RSA627430) UBarcroft gate, Dedecker 6369 (RSA627134, UCR119505). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ericameria teretifolia (Durand & Hilgard) Jepson- Needle Leaved rabbitbrush.
Infrequent, below 6500 ft on the east slope [syn. Chrysothamnus teretifolius (Durand & Hilg.) H.M. Hall]
Inyo: northerly fork Silver Canyon, 7200 ft, C.B.Wolf 2518 (UC527274) USilver Canyon, H.M.Hall 10679
(UC194528); Mooney 139 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); Mitchell 2292a (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973);
C.B. Wolf 2581 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973 as UC) UWestgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG62768);
Mooney 162 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UPayson Canyon, H.M.Hall 10821 (UC203163) Udrainage
above Sam=s Springs, Deep Springs Valley, 7450 ft, Morefield 3130 (UC1523871) USierra View, D. Keil 21068
(RSA659419); D. Wilken et al. 4802 (UCSB11405). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ericameria x viscosa (D. D. Keck) G. L. Nesom –
Uncommon hybrid between Ericameria nauseosa ssp. speciosa with Ericameria cuneata var. cuneata first
collected in Silver Canyon. Inyo: Silver Canyon ‘canyon 7.7 mi E of Laws’, P.A.Munz 12689 (RSA, holotype,
NY163425 of ssp. viscosum Keck), . Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Erigeron L. Daisy, Fleabane

References: G.L.Nesom. Phytologia 72:157-208; J.L.Strother & W.J.Ferlatte. 1988. Madroño 35:77-91; A. Cronquist.
1947. Brittonia 6:121-302.
Species Conspicuously Absent: Erigeron algidus Jepson; Erigeron coulteri Porter; Erigeron glacialis (Nuttall) A. Nelson
[E. peregrinus (Pursh) Greene. misapplied by CA authors]
1. Heads lacking expanded rays, discoid or disciform
2. Leaves 2-4 times ternately dissected; heads solitary ........................................................... E. compositus
2' Leaves entire; heads 2-4 ......................................................................................................... E. aphanactis
1' Heads evidently radiate
3. Biennial or annual, from taproots; monocarpic .......................................................................... E. divergens
3' Perennials with rhizomes or woody caudices
4. Leaves deeply lobed to dissected
5. Leaves deeply 3-lobed at tip; plants forming mats from elongate rhizome-like caudex branches;
ligules "1.5 mm wide ............................................................................................................ E. vagus
5' Leaves dissected to ternate; cushion plants; ligules 1mm wide or less
......................................................................................................................................... E. compositus
4' Leaves entire to serrate, not deeply dissected
6. Phyllaries strongly graduated; basal leaves absent, cauline leaves not clasping the stem and equally
sized, linear to oblanceolate Stems densely tomentose with spreading hairs (Sect. Linearifolii) .......
............................................................................................................................................. E. breweri
6' Phyllaries "equal; basal leaves present; cauline leaves either clasping or strongly reduced in size
upwards
7. Monocephalous invariably
8' Dwarf perennials <1dm tall; achenes 2-ribbed
9. Leaves distinctly petiolate; Phyllaries with divergent, long bristly hairs.
............................................................................................................................................ E. uncialis
9' Leaves lanceolate, the petiole indistinct; phyllaries sparsely strigose
.......................................................................................................................................E. compactus
8' Tall perennials 2-4 dm; involucre strongly imbricate; achenes 6-8 ribbed
(Sect. Wyomingia) ........................................................................................................ E. argentatus
7' Most plants with inflorescence not monocephalous
10. Pubescence tomentose
11. Pappus double, the inner of fragile bristles, the outer of small scales
........................................................................................................................................ E. pumilis
11' Pappus single, of only bristles
12. Ligules deflexed at full flower; stems glandular;
13’ Phyllaries dark purple; disc corolla throats tubular, not indurate and inflated
....................................................................................................................... E. pygmaeus
13’ Phyllaries with a light median stripe; disc corolla throats expanded and indurate
.............................................................................................................................. E. pumilis
12' Ligules not deflexed; stems pubescence eglandular; phyllaries greenish
...................................................................................................................................... E. clokeyi
10' Pubescence appressed-strigose or absent ........................................................................... E. tener
Erigeron aphanactis (A. Gray) Greene var. aphanactis - Great Basin Rayless Daisy.
Frequent, well drained soils of open pinyon forest, windswept ridges in sagebrush scrub, 8500-10800 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: 0.5 mi E Tollhouse Springs, R.S.Ferris 13599 (JEPS32807) UWestgard Pass Rd,
5800 ft, E.C.Twisselmann 15553 (JEPS60742) UWestgard Pass Rd. 6.7 mi E Zurich, P.Raven 14255
(UC1279309) UMollie Gibson Canyon, 7800 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1737 (UC1282176, SD62419), 6900 ft, Lloyd
2961 (UC1300056) UWestgard Pass; 7400 ft, Lloyd 2898 (UC1300097); 7000 ft, W.Havonitz s.n. in 1937
(UC572172); R.S. Woglam 3157 (RSA608558); 5.4 mi W of, 5900 ft, Lloyd 2671 (UC1300308), 2675
(UC1299971); D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81057); 3.8 mi W of, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2738 (UC1300046) USilver Canyon,
6500 ft, Lloyd 2834 (UC1300102) Uvicinity Schulman Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4283 (UCR134479). Mono:
mouth McAfee Cr, 5250 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3615 (UC1545328, UCR59893) Umouth Marble Cr,
Hammil Valley, 6500 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3748 (UC1545557, UCR60207). Esmeralda: Trial Canyon,
near B&B Mine, 7500 ft, Duran M122 (UC) UIndian Creek, 6500 ft, J. Linsdale s.n. (UC). Mineral: none.
Erigeron argentatus A. Gray - Pinyon daisy.
Frequent, stony open pinyon woodland, 6000-9000 ft on the far southern end of the range. Inyo: Westgard
Pass; north of , 7300 ft, Lloyd 2907 (UC1300092); 7000 ft, W.Havonitz s.n. in 1937 (UC572185); 8000 ft,
H.L.Buckalew s.n. in 1958 (SJSU6627); Taylor s.n. in 1973 (DAV); R. J. Swimmey 246 (UCR61090), 686
(UCR64179); 610 (SD129590); D.F. Howe 3043 (SD51307), D.F. Howe s.n. in 1971 (SD81128); P.C. Evertee
21910 (SD46786) UStudebaker Flats, 8500 ft, Mooney 759 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: none;
Erigeron breweri A. Gray var. porphyreticus (M.E. Jones) Cronquist - Pumice Daisy.
Frequent, sandy soils among rocks and dry slopes, in open pinyon woodland or scrub, below 10000 ft. Inyo:
Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1700 (UC1297509) UWyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2799
(UC1300016), 7100 ft, Lloyd 2779 (UC1300026) U10 mi up Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26033
(UC701593) U4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 6400 ft, Lloyd 2706 (UC1299951) UWestgard Pass narrows, P.C.
Everett 21941 (RSA110403); B.E. Bedee 28 (UCSB44680) UJunction Marble Canyon & Black Canyon, 5700
ft, Duran M123 (UC1317741); C. Cowan 395 (UCSB40312) USilver Canyon, 7000 ft, A.M.Alexander &
L.Kellogg 4276 (UC736179); 6000 ft, Mooney 131 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) U1 mile N Reed Flat,
10350 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 9159 (SJSU14537). Mono: mouth Marble Cr, Hammil Valley, 6500 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 3743 (UC1545573, UCR60181). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Erigeron clokeyi Cronqist var. pinzliae G. L. Nesom- Ann Pinzl’s Daisy
Frequent, open rocky slopes in scrub, open pinyon woodland and Cercocarpus woodland, 7300-12500 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: summit of trail from Silver Canyon to Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson
7336 (JEPS41580) UReed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21008 (UC1075871) U5.7 mi down Wyman Canyon,
8200 ft, Lloyd 3046 (UC1300242); 9500 ft, M. Dedecker 5499 (RSA62535) U11 mi up Wyman Canyon,
B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26038a (UC701591) . Mono: McAfee Meadow, 12000 ft, Duran 2835 (JEPS23969,
UC1297507) Uvicinity Schulman Grove, C.N.Smith 1244 (JEPS33436); G. K. Helmkamp 4285 (UCR134481)
U1 mi southwest McAfee Meadow, 12400 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 7854 (SJSU6185) UCounty Line Hill, 11150 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7366 (JEPS41582); R.D. Goeden s.n. (UCR45304); DeDecker 5479 (RSA625366) UCrooked Cr
Lab; 10400 ft, S.N.Zufelt & R.K.Giersch 70 (UC1368512); 1000 ft, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26125
(UC701551) UCrooked Cr, 9500 ft, Duran 1561 (UC1297505); 10200 ft, Lloyd 3144 (UC1300171) UCrooked
Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3191 (UC1311774); R. Bacigalupi et al. 8057 (JEPS28167), 8063 (JEPS28183,
JEPS81929) UBig Prospector Meadow, 10500 ft, J.&L. Roos 5100 (UC1010178) UChiatovich Flats, 10300 ft,
Duran 2556 (UC1297512) USheep Mtn, 11450 ft, Lloyd 3180 (UC1300196, SD62224) UPaiute Peak, 11700
ft, R.F.&M.Z. Thorne, M.Dedecker 38657 (UC1483329) UCampito Mountain, Dedecker 1236 (RSA621816)
ULeidy Cr near confluence Cabin Cr, 7280 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4141 (UC1549850) UPatriarch
Grove, 10500 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 9164 (SJSU14542); E. R. Blakley 3600 (JEPS32924); G.K. Helmkamp 4319
(UCR121758); R.D. Goeden 5 (UCR73563), 6 (UCR48571) Uupper Cottonwood Basin, Dedecker 2204
(RSA616569). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 8500 ft, Duran 3112 (UC). Mineral: none.
Erigeron compactus S.F.Blake - Cushion-daisy
Rare, rocky shaded slopes or rock crevices of southerly facing slopes, below 9000 ft on the southeastern
flanks of the range. Inyo: Cedar Flat, Westgard Pass, 7000 ft, Duran 3284 (JEPS23977, UC1297508); M.
Dedecker 1812 (RSA616043); E. C. Jaeger s.n. (RSA246595). Mono: head Crooked Cr, B.Maguire & A.
Holmgren 26150 (UC701557).
Erigeron compositus Pursh var. glabratus Macoun - Cut-leaved Daisy.
Frequent, open rocky well drained slopes and, rock outcrops on ridges, talus, 6700-13200 ft on. The
circumpolar var. discoideus A. Gray, with once-ternate leaves and resembling E. vagus, is not documented in
the Whites or elsewhere in alpine CA. Inyo: Wyman Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1742 (UC1317731). Mono: North
Fork Crooked Cr, 10700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7277 (JEPS41540) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, Dedecker 2218
(RSA616785) UWhite Mtn Peak, 14100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7382 (JEPS41545); Duran 2613 (UC1297513,
SD62279); 13850 ft, Duran 1672 (UC1317730) UCrooked Cr, 9500 ft, Duran 1533 (UC1297510); 9900 ft,
Lloyd 3275 (UC1300143); J.M. Tucker 2242 (UC984776) USagehen Flat, 10250 ft, Lloyd 3169 (UC1300189)
UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran M94 (UC1297511) UPellisier Flats, 12400 ft, Mitchell 2199
(UC1299898). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Erigeron divergens Torrey & A. Gray var. divergens - Sandy Daisy
Occasional, sandy well drained sagebrush flats and margin of riparian areas or meadows, below 10,000 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Black Canyon, 6200 ft, Mitchell 2116 (UC1299808, SD62162) UAntelope
Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3003 (UC1300210) Uspring 0.7 mi S mouth Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3675
(UC1545592, UCR60070) UDeep Springs, 5500 ft Buechner C55 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
UWarm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Taylor 7158 (JEPS). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Erigeron pumilus Nuttall var. intermedius Cronquist
Uncommon, reported by Lloyd & Mitchell (1973, as E. pumilus Nuttall var. concinnoides Cronq.) from dry
rocky slopes in pinyon woodland or subalpine forest, 9000-10500 ft, scattered throughout the range. Our
plants need additional collections, we may have both E. concinnus and E. pumilus in the flora. Inyo: 8.5
miles N of Westgard Pass on White Mtn Rd, P.C. Everett &E.KBalls 21930 (RSA). Mono: Campito Meadow,
W.D.Billings 1693 (RENO). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 9100 ft, A. Pinzl 4435 (NSMC, Additions II) UMiddle
Creek Canyon, 8000 ft, A. Pinzl 2492 (NSMC, Additions II). Mineral: none.
Erigeron pygmaeus (A. Gray) Greene - Pygmy Daisy
Frequent, alpine ridges and stable substrate sites 9200-13800 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Sheep Mtn, 12300 ft, K.Ake 216 (UC1520093, county on specimen label erroneous) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab,
12500 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8102 (JEPS28234, JEPS82225); Dedecker 1252 (RSA624135) UWhite Mtn Peak,
13000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282589); 12000 ft, Duran 1665 (UC1297504); 12600 ft, K. & M. Heil
8474 (SJNM19339) UPellisier Flats, 12800 ft, Mitchell 2214 (UC1299888) U Sheep Mtn, 11450 ft, Lloyd
3181 (UC1300198); Dedecker 2200 (RSA616565) UEva Belle Mine, Taylor 5185 (JEPS89676) UPatriarch
Grove, Dedecker 6337 (RSA626436). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Erigeron tener A. Gray - Slender Daisy
Infrequent, crevices of rock outcrops and cliffs in sagebrush and Cercocarpus woodland, to near timberline
in Pinus flexilis 7000-11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: southeast rim Perry Aiken Flat,
10800 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4164 (UC1549868) UPoison Creek, 9800 ft (Additons I). Esmeralda:
Erigeron uncialis S.F.Blake var. uncialis - Limestone daisy
Rare, crevices of calc-hornfell cliffs, below 9000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚
Inyo: Wyman Canyon 1 mile below Roberts Ranch, 7900 ft, Taylor 10057 (JEPS). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Erigeron vagus Payson - Loose Daisy
Rare, stable scree or sand, mostly alpine ridges above 13000 ft on the central portion of the range. Inyo:
none. Mono: White Mtn Peak, 14120 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8172 (JEPS29041, JEPS82136); B. Maguire & A.
Holmgren 26072 (UC701585); Taylor 5196 (DAV); 14040 ft, K & M. Heil 8493 (SJNM19358); 14100 ft, Mitchell
2227 (UC1299882); Lloyd 3240 (UC1300137); 14000 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4088 (UC1549875); Duran
596 (UC439854); 13500 ft, Lloyd 3254 (UC1300150) UMt. DuBois, Pellisier Flats, 13450 ft, Mitchell 2269
Eriophyllum Lag. Woolly Sunflower

Reference: J.S. Mooring. 1991. Madroño 38:213-226.
1. Annuals
2. Heads discoid or with rudimentary erect ligules
(Sect. Actinolepis) ........................................................................................................................E. pringlei
2' Heads radiate, the ligules well developed (Sect. Atheropeas)
3' Ligules cream to light yellow; corolla lobes glandular; anther tips subulate ....................... E. ambiguum
3' Ligules deep yellow; corolla lobes not glandular; anther tips deltate....................................... E. wallacei
1' Perennials; heads (including ligules) >15 mm wide ......................................................................... E. lanatum
Eriophyllum ambiguum A.Gray var. paleaceum (T.S.Brandegee) Ferris –
Infrequent winter annual in sandy desert scrub communities, below 6500 ft on the western flanks of the
range; records are frequent S of our area [IMF - not treated] Inyo: none. Mono: Benton Station, E.Robinson
& B. Linder 9295 (JEPS29169) is the most proximal record. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) James Forbes var. integrifolium (Hooker) F.J. Smiley - Oregon Sunshine
Occasional, rocky well drained sites in open montane forest or subalpine, 8500-10800 ft on the northern
end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Davis Cr, 10000 ft, Duran 3109 (UC665540). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Eriophyllum pringlei A. Gray – Cyrus G. Pringles's Woolly-Sunflower
Infrequent, sandy open desert scrub or sagebrush, below 7000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono: granitic sands below
Pellisier Cr, 5050 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3464 (UC1534916, UCR48332) Umouth Marble Cr near
Hammil Valley, 6500 ft, Morefield & McCarty 3746 (UC1545555, UCR60180) UBenton, W.H.Shockley 372
(JEPS5439) UMontgomery Pass at State Line, J.&H. Grinnell 1053a (UC569583). Esmeralda: 2 mi N
Sugarloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15269 (UC). Mineral: mouth Queen Canyon, Mitchell 2744 (UC1389291).
Eriophyllum wallacei (A. Gray) A. Gray – William A. Wallace's Woolly-Sunflower
Infrequent, sandy open desert scrub or sagebrush, below 6500 ft. Inyo: none. Mono:granitic sands below
Pellisier Cr, 5050 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3462 (UC1534914, UCR48330). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Euthamia Nutt.
Euthamia occidentalis Nuttall - Grass-leaved Goldenrod
Infrequent, sunny openings in riparian sites, springs borders, and seepage areas, below 7500 ft on the
southern flanks of the range. [syn. Solidago o. (Nuttall) Torrey & A. Gray] Inyo: Antelope Springs in Deep
Springs Valley, Morefield 3111 (UCR44116) Uspring 1 mi S Silver Canyon mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3115
(UCR44075). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Glyptopleura D. Eaton
1. Ligules 4-10 mm only slightly longer than involucres ................................................................... G. marginata
1' Ligules 15-25 mm, roughly twice the length of the involucre .......................................................... G. setulosa
Glyptopleura marginata D. Eaton – Wax -dandelion
Occasional, sandy to fine soils in desert scrub or sagebrush, below 5500 ft on the lower flanks of the range.
Inyo: near mouth Wyman Canyon, 5620 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3513 (UC1535071) Uwestern base
Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3578 (UC1545314). Mono: mouth Pellisier Cr in Hammil
Valley, 5050 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3459 (UC1534911, UCR47625). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Glyptopleura setilosa A. Gray - Holly-dandelion
Occasional, sandy to fine soils in desert scrub or sagebrush, below 5500 ft on the lower flanks of the range.
Inyo: Chalfant Valley, D.F. Howe 3201 (SD53268) is our only regional record, and represents the
northwestern distributional limit.
Gnaphalium L.
Gnaphalium palustre Nuttall - Western Marsh Cudweed
Scattered, sand bars in streams, muddy shores of stock ponds, and ditches in the Owens Valley, appearing
after inundation receeds, below ca. 8000 ft on both slopes of the range: Inyo: none; Mono County; none.
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 8000 ft, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none.
Grindelia Willd. Gumplant

Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal - Resin Weed
Occasional on roadsides, below 8500 ft on the western flanks of the range. Inyo: established at Deep
Springs College, Morefield 2448 (WMRS, Additions II) UWyman Canyon, Morefield (Additions II). Mono:
Gutierrezia Lagsca
Gutierrezia microcephala (de Candolle) A. Gray – Matchweed
Scattered on fine textured soils of desert slope on the southerly end of the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, R.
Hoffman s.n. (SBBG62661) UWyman Canyon, Duran 3151 (UC477350, SD5195); R.S. Ferris 6010 (UC,
cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973 USilver Canyon, Taylor 9337 (UC1584632); D.F. Howe 1327 (SD37244,
SD113058); C.B. Wolf 2589 (UC, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Hecastocleis A. Gray
Hecastocleis shockelyi A. Gray – William H. Shockley’s brickelbush
Rare, cliffs and caliche-cemented lower canyon slopes on calcareous substrata, below 6000 ft on the western
flank of the southerly end of the range. Inyo: first canyon north of Poleta Canyon, with Dedeckera, Taylor
(Additons I) Uvicinity Soldier Pass E of Deep Springs, AM. Alexander & L. Kellogg 5301 (SD46049). Mono:
mouth Milner Canyon, 6100 ft, Morefield & McCarty 3949 (UC1549906) UColdwater Canyon, 5150 ft,
Morefield 2301 (RSA327736). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Helianthus L. Sunflower
Helianthus annuus L. – common sunflower
Infrequent roadside waif below 6500 ft on the western flanks of the range, more frequent in mosit sites in
the Owens Valley in late summer. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, Lloyd 3328 (UC1300285) Uspring 1 mile south
of mouth Silver Canyon, 4250 ft, Morefield 3118 (UC1523859). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Heliomeris Nuttall
Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall var. nevadensis (A. Nelson) Y.F.Yates –
Infrequent on lower canyon slopes and alluvial fans below about 8000 ft, about the southern end of the
range; often more evident after summer rains. [IMF - Viguiera m. (Nutt) S.F.Blake var nevadensis] Inyo:
Westgard Pass Rd 3.2 mi E Big Pine, 6000 ft, E.C.Twisselmann 5818 (JEPS31039) UTollhouse Springs,
R.S.Ferris 13601 (JEPS32806); C.R. Annabell 2534 (RSA663894); J.W. Hopkins s.n. (SBBG60805) UWhite
Mtn Rd. 3.7 mi N Westgard Pass, 7800 ft, P.C.Everett &E.K.Balls 21933 (UC1075792) UWestgard Pass; 4
miles west of 6400 ft, Lloyd 2712 (UC1299947, SD62227); R. Hoffman s.n. (SBBG60801); Dedecker 660
(RSA615745); R.G. Swinney 743 (UCR60888); 3.8 miles west of , 6450 ft, Lloyd 2740 (UC1300044) 2 miles W
of, D.F. Howe 3054 (SD51371); 1 mile west of, 7300 ft, Duran 2892 (UC1297641) UBatchelder Spring,
C.W.Tilforth & W.Wisrua 1474 (UC1424853). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Hieracium L. Hawkweed
Hieracium horridum Fries. - Harsh Hawkweed
Infrequent, granitic rock crevices, 9000-10500 ft in the Cottonwood Basin. Inyo: none. Mono: southeast
rim Perry Aiken Flat, 10800 ft, Morefield 4163 (UC1549867). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Hulsea Torrey & A. Gray

1. Plants sticky glandular
......................................................................................................................................H. algida
1’ Plants lanate with eglandular trichomes
not documented..........................................................................................................H. vestita
Hulsea algida A. Gray - Alpine Gold
Stable talus, rock crevices, and lee of alpine ridges, above 11500 ft throughout the range. Reference:D.H.
Wilken. 1975. Brittonia 27(3):228-244. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, W.H.Shockley 459 in 1886
(UC90386) Uslope near Barcroft Lab, 12600 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8127 (JEPS28258) UWhite Mtn Peak:
summit, 14050 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8178 (JEPS29047); Duran 1670 (UC1297497); 13500 ft, E.K.Blakey &
K.K.Muller 3607 (JEPS32928, SBBG12587, SD56900), Duran 2610 (UC1297496); Lloyd 3252 (UC1300152);
Dedecker 1261 (RSA624128); 13400 ft, K. & M. Hiel 8486 (SJNM19351); 13800 ft, A.C. Shelton s.n.
(UC485546) U1 mi south of The Jumpoff, Pellisier Flats, 13500 ft, Mitchell 2194 (UC1299901) Uhead
southerly fork McAfee Creek, 12500 ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26091 (UC701635), and possibly
[mislabeled Patterson Creek, a orphan place name] 26069 (UC701636). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Hulsea vestita A. Gray ssp. inyoensis (D. D. Keck) Wilken
Not yet documented for the White Mountains: a report of H.vestita from Wyman Canyon (B. Miller in 1982)
needs confirmation. Known from Bishop Tuff cliffs and scree in Rock Creek (Taylor 8194 CAS908894) and
from the Inyo Mountains to our south. Hulsea vestita ssp. vestita is a common herb of pumice flats in the
Glass Mountain region. ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚
Hymenopappus L=Her.
Hymenopappus filifolius Hooker var. nanus (Rydberg) B.L.Turner –
Occasional, dry calcareous substrata, 6000-10000 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass,
R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG65731) UMollie Gibson Canyon, 7950 ft, Lloyd 2940 (UC1300076) UBlack Canyon,
8000 ft, Mitchell 2141 (UC1299914) U1.6 miles southeast of Coldwater Spring, 9400 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 4070 (UC1550052) Unear Antelope Springs, Morefield 1935 (RSA463670). Mono: none;
Hymenoxys Cassini - Rubberweed

Hymenoxys cooperi (A. Gray) Cockerel var. canescens (D. Eaton) K.L. Parker - Ragged rustlers
Occasional, stony ridges in alpine scrub 10500-125000 ft throughout the range. The name Hymenoxys
lemmonii (Greene) Cockerell has been misapplied to our plants. Inyo:. vicinity Sierra View, R. D. Goeden s.n.
(UCR44426); D.F. Howe 345 (SD51361) Uvicinity Wyman Canyon road, Dedecker 6129 (RSA626432).
Mono: Campito Mountain, Dedecker 1238 (RSA621818), 1244 (RSA621804) USheep Mountain, Dececker
1520 (RSA626362); K.& M. Heil 8465 (SJNM19330). some miles north of the Schulman Grove, C.N.Smith
1247 (JEPS3335) USchulman Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4288 (UCR134705) Ujunction White Mtn Rd and
Wyman Canyon Rd, 10000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282583); Lloyd 3055 (UC1300244); G.K. Helmkamp
4305 (UCR121965) U16 miles up Wyman Canyon, 10000 ft, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26044 (UC1504658)
Patriarch Grove, 10500 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 9168 (SJSU14546), 7865 (SJSU6224); J.M.Tucker 2270
(UC984795) USheep Mtn, 12000 ft, P.Kamb 1247 (JEPS26599); E.R.Blakley 3602 (JEPS32923);11800 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7311 (JEPS3923); 11450 ft, Lloyd 3182 (UC1300200) Uhead of Silver Canyon, 10600 ft, P.Kamb
1229 (JEPS26601) Unorth of Sage Hen Flat, 10250 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8041 (JEPS28151; JEPS81931)
UPaiute Mtn, 11450 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8145 (JEPS29015), 11000 ft, 8155 (JEPS29025) UChiatovich
Flats, 10300 ft, Duran 2555 (UC1297493); 9500 ft, Duran 3366 (UC665531) UCrooked Cr, 9500 ft, Duran
1560 (UC1297495) UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3196 (UC1311771); 3086 (UC1311788). Esmeralda:
Trail Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 2745 (UC). Mineral: none.
Ionactis Greene Ankle-Aster

Ionactis alpina (Nuttall) Greene
Infrequent, sagebrush scrub or pinyon woodland, frequently on hydrothermally altered soils, below 9500 ft
on the far northern end of the range. [syn. Aster scopulorum A. Gray ] Inyo: Wyman Creek, 7000 ft, Mitchell
2050 (WMRS); Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, Duran 2699 (UC). Mineral: Montgomery Pass,
M.Dedecker 232 (RSA).
Iva L. Poverty Weed

Reference: R.C. Jackson. 1960. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 41:793-876.
1. Leaves entire; perennial; not odorous .................................................................................................I. axillaris
1. Leaves lobed; malodorous annual see ........................................................................... Chorisiva nevadensis
Iva axillaris Pursh var. robustior (Hooker) Bassett - Poverty Weed, Deep Root.
Frequent, alkaline soils bordering meadows or streams, below 9500 ft throughout the range. Inyo:Antelope
Springs, Mitchell & Lloyd 1749 (UC1282168); Duran 3292 (UC1297591, SD62267); Lloyd 2998 (UC1300209)
UTollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 3333 (UC1300287). Mono: spring 0.7 mi South of Milner Cr mouth,
5210 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3715 (UC1545543, UCR60025). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 8000 ft, Duran
Lactuca L. Lettuce
*Lactuca serriola L. - Prickly Lettuce
Occasional weed of roadsides, ruderal sites, and weedy annual community sites, below 7500 ft throughout
the range. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, L.C. Wheeler 8852 (RSA596730); Lloyd 3334 (UC1300302) .
Laennecia Casinni
Laennecia coulteri (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom- John M. Coulter's Horseweed
Infrequent, weedy sites, roadsides and fallow fields in the Owens Valley, ascending into canyons on the
southwestern flanks of the range. [syn. Conyza coulteri A. Gray] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Morefield
2376 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Layia Hook. & Arn.

Layia glandulosa (Hooker) Hooker & Arnott - White Layia
Frequent annual [in wet years] of alluvial fans in sagebrush or desert scrub, and less frequently into pinyon
woodland, below 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: between Deep Springs Valley and Oasis, Benchmark
6374, J.&H. Grinell 1046 (JEPS15438)l 1046a (UC569587) U3 mi below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon,
7000 ft, Duran 3052 (UC1297636, SD62294) U3.8 W of Westgard Pass, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2733 (UC1300047)
U3 mi NW Deep Springs College, 6040 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3534 (UC1534885) UWyman Canyon 0.7
mi SSW of the narrows, 6650 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3651 (UC1545364, UCR59968) UCedar Flat, 7200
ft, Duran 3286 (UC665528). Mono: 0.7 mi south Rock Cr mouth, 5700 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3487
(UC1534820, UCR48168). Esmeralda:1 mile N B&B Mine, Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3258 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Lepidospartum A. Gray
Lepidospartum latisquamum A. Gray - Nevada broom
Frequent shrub of washes, below 6500 ft on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Marble Canyon of Black
Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2853 (JEPS23971, UC1297634, SD62293) UWestgard Pass narrows, 7000 ft,
Bacagalupi et al. 8214 (JEPS29077, JEPS82137) UTollhouse Spring, 5950 ft, L.C.Anderson 4548
(UC1422538) Uupper Sam=s Springs drainage, 7000 ft, Morefield 3131 (UC1523872) Ueast side Westgard
Pass, Deep Spring Valley, 6400 ft, C.B.Wolf 3225 (UC406985, SBBG27962 the latter L. squammatum
misapplied); 1705 (UC484004); R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG65919, L. squammatum misapplied) UPayson
Canyon, 6400 ft, Duran 3153 (UC477349, SD5871]; 6900 ft, Dedecker 5693 (RSA625300); F.W. Peirson 7541
(JEPS37114) Ucanyon below Mollie Gibson mines, Taylor 6437 (JEPS89815). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Lessingia Cham.
Lessingia lemmonii A. Gray var. ramulosissima (A. Nelson) Ferris
Branched lessingia. Occasional, sandy soils in desert scrub or sagebrush scrub below 7500 ft on the
western flanks of the range Inyo:none. Mono: mouth Pellisier Cr, 5250 ft, Morefield & McCarty 4360
(UC1549824) Umouth Queen Dick=s Canyon, 6150 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4030 (UC1550065).
Logfia Cassini Cottonrose

1. Plants low, highly branched to depressed; corolla-lobes 4, reddish L. depressa
1' Plants with ascending, stiffly erect branches; corolla lobes 5, yellowish...................................... L. filaginoides
Logfia filaginoides (Hooker & Arnott) Morefield - California Herba Impla
Infrequent, sparsely vegetated well drained soils in desert scrub, below 6000 ft on western flank of the range
[syn. Filago californica Nutt.] Inyo: common on the western slope throughout, cited in Additions IV. Mono:
common on the western slope throughout, cited in Additions IV (Morefield 3353 cited). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Logfia depressa (A. Gray) Holub – Herba limpai.
Infrequent, sandy to gravelly alluvium along the southern and western flanks of the range. [Filago depressa
A. Gray] Inyo: southwest base Black Mtn, 4350 ft, Morefield 3360 (WMRS, cited in Additions IV). Mono:
Lorandersonia Urbatsch et al.

Lorandersonia peirsonii (Keck) Urbatsch, R.P. Roberts & Neubig - Frank W. Peirson's Tonestus
Rare, crevices of vertical, shaded subalpine or exposed alpine cliffs, 9000-13900 ft on the northern end of
the range. [syn. Tonestus peirsonii (Keck) Nesom & Morgan; IMF - Haplopappuys p. [D.D. Keck) J. Howell] ‚
CNPS List 4.1 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: 3.4 mi E Barcroft lab on Tooler Cr-Cottonwood Cr divide, 11050 ft,
Morefield (Additions III). two specimens can to be cited: James D. Morefield & Timothy S. Ross 4174
(MO00980264) and Morefield 4081 (MO00980257). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Malacothrix DC.
1. Phyllaries broad and rounded, with conspicuous scarious margins .................................................. M. coulteri
1' Phyllaries linear, not over 2 mm wide
2. Basal and lower cauline leaves deeply pinnatifid, with a narrow rachis and long slender segments
.......................................................................................................................................................... M. glabrata
2' Basal and lower cauline leaves lobed, with a broad rachis and short segments or merely serrate
3. Middle cauline leaves evidently amplexicaul, clasping the stem; achenes 1.7-2.9 mm long, the pappus
wholly deciduous; plants largely glabrous ........................................................................... M. sonchioides
3' Middle cauline leaves not clasping; achenes 2.5-4 mm long, with usually a few bristles persistent;
plants usually stipitate glandular on peduncles and involucre ................................................... M. torreyi
Malacothrix coulteri Harv. & A. Gray - Snakes head
Occasional annual in desert scrub communities, below 6000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. Inyo:
1.8 mi NW Wilkerson Spring, 4350 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3356 (UC1535185). Mono: none;
Malacothrix glabrata A. Gray - Desert dandelion
Infrequent, sandy soil valley bottoms and arid hillslopes in desert scrub communities, below 7300 ft (first
reported in Additions II) Inyo: Westgard Pass road, 4100 ft, P. Welton 27 (UCSB46599) U1.7 mi NE Poleta
Mine, 5100 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3403 (UC1534831, UCR47431) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4100 ft,
Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3314 (UC1535151). Mono: just below mouth Coldwater Canyon, 4670 ft, Morefield
3445 (UC1534871, UCR47412) Umouth McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3607
Malacothrix sonchoides (Nuttall) Torrey & A. Gray
Inyo: basalt hills near mouth Wyman Canyon, 5750 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3536 (UC1535083). Mono:
none. Esmeralda: near Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran M37 (UC) UPinchot Cr, 6500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC).
Mineral: none.
Malacothrix torreyi A. Gray –
Infrequent, sandy to gravelly soils in desert scrub below 8000 ft on the southern end of the range.
Attributed directly to the Whites by Cronquist (1994). Regional voucher citations needed.
Matricaria L.
*Matricaria matricarioides (Less) Porter - Pineapple weed.
A cosmopolitan weed, to be sought in our region in dirt roads, parking lots, etc. [syn. Chamomilla suaveolens
Less. } Regional voucher citations needed. – documented from the Owens Valley, Inyo County: Dedecker
842 (RSA621980)
Oreostemma Greene
Taprooted, alpine plants with solitary heads of Oreostrum have yet to be found in the Whites (cf. O. andersonii (A. Gray)
G. Nesom, O. peirsonii (Shasrs.) G. Nesom. The former is reported as present in the White & Inyo region in the Jepson
Manual, but no vouchers have been uncovered.
Packera A. Love & D. Love

1. Leaves generally glabrous (rarely arachnose in the axils of young leaves)
2. Heads solitary, plants with slender rhizomes .........................................................P. subnuda
2’ Heads several, plants with a definite caudex ................................................. ..............P. streptanthifolia
1' ................................................................................................................. Young leaves particularly pubescent
3’ Basal leaves entire, cauline leaves bract-like at 2nd or 3rd node; heads 1 or 2
.................................................................................................................P. wernearifolia
3. Basal leaves dentate to deeply divided
4. Basal leaves lobed to pinnately divided
5. Heads large, the phyllaries 8-10 mm long; leaves distinctly lyrate-pinnatifid, the segments narrow
and commonly lobed yet again;taprooted ........................................................... ....P. eurycephala
5’ Heads small, the phyllaries 4-8 mm long; leaves varying from pinnately lobed to pinnatifid
............................................................................................................... P. multilobata
4' Basal leaves dentate
........ ......................................................................................................................................... .P. cana
Packera cana (Hooker) W.A.Weber & A. Love - Woolly Ragwort.
Frequent, dry winter snow free slopes in sagebrush, alpine ridges, and sparsely vegetated slopes, 7000-
12000 ft in the more southerly portion of the range. [syn. Senecio canus Hooker] Inyo: Wyman Cr, 7800 ft,
Lloyd 2678 (UC1300031), 7099 ft, 3033 (UC1300235); 7500 ft, Duran 3041 (UC477347, POM219730,
SD5889) Uhead South Fork Birch Creek, Morefield 4074 (RSA463609). Mono: White Mountains, 12000 ft,
W.H.Shockley 598 (JEPS37277) U3 mi E Crooked Cr Lab, 9700 ft, Mooney 875 (cited by Lloyd & mtichell
1973) U0.5 mi N Crooked Cr Lab, 10300 ft, Mooney 548 (DS735119) U3/4 mile W of Barcroft gate, 11000 ft,
Mooney 651 (DS735119) UMontgomery Cr-Marble Cr divide, 11300 ft, Morefield et al. 4101 (UC1549878).
Packera eurycephala (Torrey & A. Gray) Auct. var. eurycephala
Reported as an introduction from northwestern California - this report should be evaluated to determine if it
is a related species or a misapplication of the name [syn. Senecio eurycephalus Torrey & A. Gray var.
eurycephalus] Inyo: White Mountain Road, 7800 ft, Morefield 111.1 (Additions II). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Packera multilobata (Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray) W. A. Weber & A. Löve - Cut-leaved Ragwort
Infrequent, sandy or well drained soils in sagebrush, pinyon or subalpine forest, below 11000 ft throughout
the range. [syn Senecio multilobatus A. Gray, S. stygius Greene] Inyo: Westgard Pass, 6500 ft, Lloyd 2905
(UC cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); P.A. Munz 13501 (RSA49157) UMollie Gibson Mine, 8500 ft, Taylor
6433 (JEPS89348) USilver Canyon, 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7207 (JEPS37638); A.M.Alexander & L. Kellogg
4272 (UC736241) UWhite Mtn Rd: 5.1 mi N Westgard Pass, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21917 (UC1075589,
RSA109898, SD46784); 8400 ft, M. Dedecker 4370 (RSA620535); 9.0 miles, D.F. Howe 3052 (SD51373); 9.1
mi N, E.C. Twisselmann 5813 (JEPS31038) Uhead Wyman Canyon, M. Dedecker 6127 (RSA626430); G.K.
Helmkamp 4308 (UCR121968); 8400 ft, G. Willett s.n. (RSA473054). Mono: White Mountains, 12000 ft,
Shockley 488 (UC195956, DS118958), s.n., August 19, 1888 (UC35938) UCrooked Cr lab, 10100 ft,
R.Bacagalupi et al. 8032 (JEPS28124, JEPS81933); E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3571 (JEPS32955,
SBBG11969, SD56897, CAS431365); A.M.Vollmer & L.Beane 209 (UC984801, DS335012) UCrooked Cr,
9300 ft, Mooney 93 (DS735114); 9900 ft, 672 (DS735113); S. N. Zufelt & R. K. Gierisch 69 (CAS692087);
9500 ft, Duran 1539 (UC1297626); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26135 (UC701838, CAS334424, DS315984);
D.E. Breedlove 1016 (UCSB15491) Uhill west of head Wyman Canyon, 10500 ft, Mooney 527 (cited by Lloyd
& Mitchell 1973) UPatriarch Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4312 (UCR141106); J. Latting s.n. (UCR111728)
Unorthwestern corner Sagehen Flat, 10250 ft, Lloyd 3154 (UC1300179) UPoison Creek, Lloyd 2911
(UC1300089) UBig Prospector Meadow, 9700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7351 (JEPS37634); J. & L. Roos 5101
(DS368864) UChiatovich Flats, 10300 ft, Duran 2558 (UC1297625). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 7500 ft,
Duran 2785 (UC) UAbert Mine, Queen Canyon, 8200 ft, Taylor 15233 (UC). Mineral: none.
Packera streptanthifoliua (Greene) W. A. Weber & A. Love - Red-stemmed Mountain Ragwort
Uncommon, rock outcrops and rocky slopes in subalpine forest to alpine, 9800-12000 ft in the northern part
of the range. Our occurrence requires confirmation, and corresponds to var. rubricaulis (Greene)
Inyo:none. Mono: White Mountains, W.H.Shockley (F374230), cited by Bain (1988). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Packera subnuda (deCandolle) D.K.Trock & T.M. Barkely var. subnuda – naked ragwort
Uncommon, reported from the Whites based on a single specimen: Mono: vicinity Crooked Creek lab, 11150
ft, Sept 1 1961, D.E. Breedlove 1105 (DS489286).
Packera werneriifolia (A. Gray) W.A.Weber & A. Love - Sierran Alpine Ragwort
Infrequent, rocky alpine ridges, 9500-13000 ft throughout the range: California plants differ in leaf shape
from the Rocky Mountain material, intergrading only discontinuously across the Great Basin, and have been
called Senecio speculicola J.Howell. Inyo: none; Mono: Sheep Mtn, 12000 ft, Duran 2600 (UC1297629); P.
Kamb 1246 (JEPS26600); B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26108 (UC701842); 11500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282588);
Enid A. Larson s.n. (CAS565524); USheep Meadow, 11400 ft, H.Mooney 846 (DS735112) ULittle Sheep Mtn,
11400 ft, W.L.Jepson 7406 (JEPS37631) UPaiute Mountain, 11400 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8148
(JEPS29018). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Pectis L.
Pectis papposa Harv. & A. Gray var. papposa –
Occasional summer annual of loose colluvium to consolidated alluvial fans and slopes below 5500 ft on the
eastern flanks of the range. Inyo:none. Mono: near mouth Perry Aiken Cr, 5800 ft, Morefield & T.S. Ross
4785 (UC1545404). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Pericome A. Gray – Yerba de chivato

Pericome caudata A. Gray –
Frequent large shrub of warm canyon bottoms and talus slides, below ca. 7000 ft on the southern end of the
range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, K. Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC185457); H.M. Hall 10682 (UC202354); C.B. Wolf
s.n. (UC527259); S.N. Zufelt & R.K. Gierisch 84 (UC1368493); D.F. Howe 1326 (SD37245); Morefield s.n.
(UC1549818); C.B. Wolf s.n. (UC527259); R.D. Goeden s.n. (UCR47906, UCR48563) UWyman Canyon, M.
Canfield s.n. (SD40572). Mono: Pellisier Creek, 6050 ft, Morefield 4350 (UC1549818) Umouth Cottonwood
Canyon, C.W. Sharsmith 8872 (SJSU10290) Umouth Coldwater Canyon, S.A. Junak 2262 (SBBG81631).
Perityle Bentham
1. Leaves ovate to elliptic
........................................................................................................ P. megalocephala var. megalocephala
1.' Leaves linear to lanceolata ..........................................................P. megalocephala var. oligophylla
Perityle megalocephala (S.Watson) J.F. Macbr. var. megalocephala - Rock daisy
Occasional, crevices of calcareous cliffs and rock outcrops, below 9500 ft on the southern end of the range.
[Additions II - Perityle megalocephala var. oligophylla Powell misapplied, syn. Laphamia m. S. Watson] Inyo:
Silver Canyon, K. Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC185456); Dedecker 4417 (UC1442761, RSA620749); 6350 ft,
Morefield 4338 (UC1550008) Ufirst switchback going up Silver Canyon road, 7200 ft, Taylor 9338
(UC1584630, UC1584631) UNorth Fork Silver Canyon 8 mi E of Laws, E.I.Applegate 9636 (DS, cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UMarble Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2845 (UC588163; CAS, DS, GH, NY, RM cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UBlack Canyon, 6500 ft, Duran 1750 (UC1297249); D. Cassell 273 (DS, cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWestgard Pass: E.C.Jaeger s.n. (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); Narrows,
DeDecker 5692 (RSA625301); D.F. Howe 4769 (SD81143). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Perityle megalocephala (S.Watson) J.F. Macbr. var. oligophylla A.M. Powell – Inyo Rock daisy
Uncommon, crevices of shaded canyon walls on the lower southeastern flanks of the range: Inyo: canyon ca.
1 mile above Sam Springs, 6090 ft, Morefield 1668, 11 August 1983 (Additions II). is our only record.
Picrothamnus Nuttall
Picrothamnus desertorum Nuttall – Budsage; Spiny Sagebrush
Infrequent, upper edge of warm desert in scrub vegetation below 6500 ft. [syn. Artemisia spinescens D.C.
Eaton] Inyo: 4.5 mi W from Westgard Pass, 5900 ft, Lloyd 2680 (UC1299967) USilver Canyon, 6700 ft,
Duran 597 (UC439855). Mono: mouth McAfee Cr canyon, 5370 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3635
Pleiacanthus (Nuttall) Rydberg

Pleiacanthus spinosus (Nuttall) Rydberg – Thorn-skeleton
Common, well drained dry soils in scrub to open woodland, sparingly to alpine ridges, above 8800 ft on the
east slope: [syn. Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) Tomb.; IMF- Lygodesmia s. Nutt] Inyo: Westgard Pass: R.
Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG66258); 4 mi N, E.C. Jaeger s.n. (POM187877) UMexican Mine, S.F. Cook s.n.
(UC1282585); R.D. Goeden s.n. (UCR44427) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Duran 2884 (UC1297663)
UWyman Canyon, 8500 ft, Lloyd 2264 (UC1300294); Duran 3139 (UC477348), s.n. (SD5148); E.C.
Twisselmann 5803 (JEPS31036); Mitchell 2264 (UC1300294); E.C. Twisselmann 5803 (JEPS31036) USilver
Canyon, G.D. Barbe 1725 (UCR115308). Mono: mouth Marble Cr, Hammil Valley, 6200 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 4029 (UC1550064). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Prenanthella Rydb.
Prenanthella exigua (A. Gray) Tomb. –
Occasional, sandy open sagebrush, pinyon or desert scrub sites below 7000 ft on the lower flanks of the
range. [IMF & L&M’73 - Lygodesmia exigua (A. Gray) A. Gray] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran 3451
(UC519639) UWarm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Taylor 7162 (JEPS) U5 miles E Big Pine, D.F.
Howe s.n. (SD81063). Mono: above mouth of Coldwater Canyon, 5150 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3696
Psathyrotes (Nutt.) A. Gray

Psathyrotes annua (Nuttall) A. Gray - Annual turtleback.
Occasional, alkaline flats, sand dunes, loose pumice, below 7000 ft on the lower flanks of the range [Lloyd &
Mitchell, P. ramosissima (Torrey) A. Gray, misapplied] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 5850 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.
Kellogg 4267 (UC736137) UPayson Canyon, 5913 ft, Lloyd 2968 (UC1300032) UWestgard Pass Road, D. L.
Furukawa 36 (UCSB45388). Mono: near mouth McAfee Cr, 5350 ft, Morefield 3058 (UC1523910,
UCR44068). Esmeralda: mouth Pinchot Cr, 6500 ft, Duran 3274 (UC) Umouth Queen Canyon, 6300 ft,
Mitchell 2743 (UC). Mineral: none.
Pseudognaphalium Kirpicznikov rabbit-tobacco

1. Annual or monocarpic biennial, generally low herbs without abundant vegetative shoots flanking the base of
the plant
2. Phyllaries brown, with only a short white tip; flowers 40-60 per head; plants <2 dm tall
..................................................................................................................................... Gnaphalium palustre
2' Phyllaries with upper-2 white or pale yellow, somewhat transparent; flowers 50-120 per head
3' Heads 3-2.4 mm long; pistillate corollas 1.5-2 mm, red tipped; pappus bristles falling in clusters
...............................................................................................................Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum
3' Heads 3.8-5.2 mm long; pistillate corollas 1.8-2.5 mm; pappus bristles falling separately
................................................................................................................................................ P. stramineum
1' Fragrant perennials (sweet or pungent scented), polycarpic (may be short-lived however); generally herbs >4
dm, with many vegetative shoots flanking the base of the plant
3' Basal and lower cauline leaves adnate-decurrent ................................................................... P. canescens
3' Basal and lower leaves not decurrent .........................................................................................P. thermale

Pseudognaphalium canescens (de Candolle) A. Anderberg- Small-headed Cudweed
Occasional, openings in pinyon, mesic northerly facing woodland, moist site, below 7000 ft on the westerly
slope of the range. [Gnaphalium canescens DC. ssp. thermale (E. Nelson) Stebb. & Keil, IMF - G. wrightii A.
Gray] Inyo: Owens Valley, A. Kellogg s.n. in 1894 (UC485723) is the most proximal record. Mono: Falls
Canyon at base lower fall, 6550 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4362 (UC1549826). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
*Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt - European Cudweed
Sporadic weed of moist disturbed sites, below 8000 ft, to be expected throughout the range. Directly
attributed to the White Mountains by Cronquist (1994). [Gnaphalium luteo-album L] Regional vouchers
needed.
Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) Anderberg - Cotton Batting Cudweed
Scattered, moist disturbed sites, sandbars along streams [syn. G. chilense Sprengl.; Gnaphalium stramineum
Kunth.] Inyo: spring in Marble Canyon for Black Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2889 (UC1285725) Uspring 0.7
mi S mouth Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3690 (UC1545607, UCR60084). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 5600 ft, Taylor 8843 (UC). Mineral: none.
Pseudognaphalium thermale (E. Nelson) G. L. Nesom – Northwestern rabbit-tobacco
Infrequent, moist sites in canyons in canyons on the west slope below ca. 8000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono:
Pellisier Cr, 6050 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4348 (UC1550014). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Pyrrocoma Greene
1. Inflorescence an elongate raceme with 8-15 heads ...................................................................... P. racemosa
2. Heads with the disk no more than 1 cm wide; inflorescence dense and subglomerate, the lower bracteate
inflorescence nodes without flowers; phyllary tip squarrose, hyaline-margined almost to the tip
....................................................................................................................... P. racemosa var. sessiliflora
2' Heads with the disk often more than 1 to 1.5 cm wide; inflorescence elongate, the lower bracteate nodes
with flowers; phyllary tip all appressed, not hyaline-margined above
expected our region .......................................................................................P. racemosa var. paniculata
1' Inflorescence compact, with 1(2) heads
3. Phyllaries linear, in 2 series, not strongly imbricated; achenes silky pubescent
....................................................................................................................................................... P. uniflora
3' Phyllaries oblanceolate to oblong, strongly graduated in 3-4 imbricate series; achenes glabrous
................................................................................................................................................ P. apargioides
Pyrrocoma apargioides (A. Gray) Greene –
Frequent in subalkaline to humic meadows, 7000-13400 ft throughout the range. [IMF - Haplopappus
apargioides A. Gray] Inyo:Big Prospector Meadow, 10400 ft, S.N. Zufelt & R.K. Gierisch 71 (UC1368511)
UReed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21021 (UC1075855). Mono: Barcroft Lab, 12500 ft, J.M.Tucker 2260
(UC984793); T.Spira 402 (JEPS85267); J.K. McPherson 175 (UCSB30250); C.W. Sharsmith 7837 (SJSU6150)
UCrooked Cr Lab, 10250 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8070 (JEPS28198); 10500 ft, E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3556
(JEPS32396, SBBG12608) UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, W.L. Jepson 7269 (JEPS31345) UMcAfee Meadow,
12500 ft, R. Bacagalupi et al. 8101 (JEPS28233); Duran 592 (UC439850), 2823 (UC1297642) Uslopes due
east of Paiute Mtn, 11400 ft, R. Bacagalupi et al. 8146 (JEPS29016) UWhite Mountains, 11000 ft,
W.H.Shockley 1178 (JEPS19206) Usouth end Pellisier Flats, 12500 ft, Mitchell 2203 (UC1299896)
UCampito Meadow, 10900 ft, J.&L.Roos 5169 (UC1010198); G.K. Helmkamp 4339 (UCR134461) USheep
Mountain, 12000 ft, P.Kamb 1248 (UC1178565); Dedecker 1245 (RSA621805); W.L. Jepson 7330
(JEPS19215), 7332 (JEPS31344) UCottonwood Creek, 11700 ft, V. Duran 2608 (UC1297643) UMcCloud
Camp, 9450 ft, Lloyd 3131 (UC1300162) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, 12000 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren
26104 (UC701757) Uhead of Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26051 (UC701761) Usouth fork
Crooked Creek, 10300 ft, Mitchell 2235 (UC1299877, SD62248) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3226
(UC1311754); 3229 (UC1311758) UPatriarch Grove, R.D. Goeden 5 (UCR48566), 10 (UCR48565); C.W.
Sharsmith 6170 (SJSU14548) UCounty Line Hill, R.D. Goeden 22 (UCR57412) Unorthwestern corner
Sagehen Flat, 10250 ft, Lloyd 3159 (UC1300181) Usoutherly upper Middle Creek drainage, 11010 ft,
Morefield et al. 4248 (UC1549981). Esmeralda: Queen Canyon, 8700 ft, Mitchell 2763 (UC); Mineral: none.
Pyrrocoma racemosa (Nutall) Torrey & A. Gray var. sessiliflorus (Greene) H.M. Hall - Alkali pyrrocoma.
Occasional, alkaline meadows and hot springs below 6000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. [IMF -
Haplopappus racemosa (Nutt.) Torrey var. s. (Greene) S.L. Welsh] Inyo: Warm Springs, western base Black
Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 4196 (UC1550004). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Pyrrocoma uniflora (Hooker) Greene var. uniflora - Hot spring pyrrocoma
Infrequent, neutral to subsaline meadows, 8000-10000 ft on the northern end of the range. [Haplopappus
lanceolatus (Hook.) Torrey & A. Gray of Additions IV] Inyo: none; Mono: Spring 0.7 mile S of the mouth of
Milner Creek, Morefield 3718 (RSA359326). Esmeralda: Middle Cr, 8190 ft, Morefield 4200 (RSA,
Additions IV). Mineral: none.
Rafinesquia Nutt.
1' Heads large and showy, ligules 1-2 cm > involucre; pappus bristles 6-15
............................................................................................................................................. R. neomexicana
1' Heads less showy, ligules equal to only up to 5 mm longer than involucre; pappus bristles 15-21
................................................................................................................................................. R. californica
Rafinesquia californica Nuttall - California chicory.
Infrequent, open to brushy slopes, and after burns, below 7500 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo:
west face Black Mtn, 5150 ft, Morefield 3449 (UC1535180), 3552 (UC1534902). Mono: none;
Rafinesqia neomexicana A. Gray - Sonoran chicory.
Infrequent, open to brushy slopes, and after burns, below 7500 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo:
west face Black Mtn, 5150 ft, Morefield 3322 (RSA, Additions IV) Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Raillardella Bentham & Hook.

Raillardella argentea (A. Gray) A. Gray - Silky Raillardella.
Frequent, well drained fine scree, open subalpine and alpine flats and ridges, above 10500 ft throughout
the range. Our plants are consistently dwarf in comparison to Sierran-Cascade material at comparable
altitudes and/or ecological settings and corresponds to the name R. minima Rydberg, a taxon not
evaluated by Baldwin & Strother (2006) This dwarf is elsewhere known only from the SnGb Mtns. Inyo:
none. Mono: White Mountains, W.H.Shockley 449 (UC202993) USheep Mtn, 11650 ft, W.L.Jepson 7404
(JEPS37255) Unear Perry Aiken Flat, 10900 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4174 (UC1549993) Uridge
northwest of Mt Barcroft, Mooney 896 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Senecio L. Groundsel, Ragwort

Conspicously absent: Senecio triangularis Hook.
1. Annual weeds (Senecio L. sensu stricto) ................................................................................. S. vulgaris
1' Perennial subshrub, or shrub; native
2. Definite subshrubs or shrubs, the stems woody and persistent well above the root crown (>Sufruticosi=)
3. Lower (outermost) phyllaries prominent (up to half as long as inner); leaves filiform (" 2 mm wide)
and often pinnatifid ........................................................................................................... S. flaccidus
3' Lower phyllaries inconspicuous (<3 mm); leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate (" 3-4 mm wide) and
rarely lobed ................................................................................................................... S. spartioides
2' Herbaceous perennials, the stems herbaceous and not persistent above the root crown
4. Flowering stems " solitary and unbranched; caudex erect and short-lived, with numerous thick fibrous
roots, not rhizomatous (>Integerrimi=) ......................................................................... S. integerrimus
5. Inner phyllaries black-tipped, 5-10 mm, generally not densely hairy
................................................................................................... S. integerrimus var. exaltatus
5' Inner phyllaries not black tipped, 8-12 mm, densely hairy
........................................................................................................S. integerrimus var. major
4' Flowering stems several and often branched; caudex horizontal or plants rhizomatous
6. Caudex herbs ca. 2-8 dm tall
7. Heads discoid; basal leaves gradually tapered to base, lanceolate, serrate; cauline leaves linear
and " entire, rapidly reduced upwards (>Lugentes=) ................................................ S. scorzonella
7= Heads radiate basal leaves senescent at flowering, leaves not progressively reduced above the
rosette (>Triangulares=)
8. Leaves linear-lanceolate, tapered to petiole, coarsely dentate ...................................... S. serra
8' Leaves triangular, truncate to hastate at base, finely serrate-dentate
not yet documented ........................................................................................... S. triangularis
6. Rhizomatous alpine herbs ca. 1 dm tall
........................................................................................................................ S. pattersonensis ‚
Senecio flaccidus Lessing var. monoensis (Greene) B. Turner & T. Barkley - Mono Ragwort.
Occasional, steep canyons walls and talus slopes, below 10000 ft throughout the range. 3 TYPE LOCALITY 3
[syn. Senecio douglasii DC. var. monoensis (Greene) Jeps.] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6600 ft, Mitchell 2004
(UC1299834); K. Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC481049; UC484050); 5150 ft, A.M.Alexander & L. Kellogg 4261
(UC736135) U2.2 mi below forks, Silver Canyon, 5400 ft, C.B.Wolf 2603 (UC527258) UPoleta Mine Canyon,
4950 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3412 (UC1534841) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4950 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 3336 (UC1535169) UBlack Canyon of Marble Canyon, Duran 598 (UC439856, SD5875) Mono:
Southern Belle Mine, A.A. Heller 8330 (holotype US611784, isotypes UC101072, NY233376) UPatriarch
Grove, J. Latting s.n. (SD145999). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Senecio integerrimus Nuttall var. exaltatus (Nuttall) Cronquist - Forest Ragwort.
Infrequent, forested sites, 7400-10000 ft. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 9850 ft, Lloyd 2886 (UC1300135). Mono:
junction White Mtn Rd and Crooked Cr Rd, 10300 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282584) UCrooked Cr, 9500 ft,
Duran 1580 (UC1297630) UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3087 (UC1311787) Uvicinity Patriarch Road
on White Mtn Road, 10600 ft, L. T. McHargue s.n. (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); R.D. Goeden 25
(UCR57429); G.K. Helmkamp 4326 (UCR121757). Esmeralda: Indian Cr, 7500 ft, T.E.Lankester 853 (BM)
UChiatovich Cr, 8000 ft, V. Duran 3063 (UC). Mineral: none.
Senecio integerrimus Nuttall var. major (A. Gray) Cronqist - Single-stemmed Ragwort.
Uncommon, open forested sites, and mesic sagebrush or alpine slopes, below 11800 ft on northern end of
the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, J.Grinnell s.n. in 1917 (UC481062) USheep Mountain,
11000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7368 (JEPS37633); 11700 ft, 7329 (JEPS37636) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7401 (JEPS37632) UCampito Mtn, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7293 (JEPS37637) UCrooked Cr,
10000 ft, J.&L. Roos 5870 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Senecio pattersonensis Hoover - Sweetwater Mtns. Ragwort.
Rare, alpine ridges and loose quasi-stable scree slopes, 11000-12500 ft in the central portion of the range.
‚ CNPS List 4.1 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: cirque at head North Fork Perry Aiken Cr, 12200 ft, Morefield & T.S.
Ross 4703 (UC1545473, RSA424881). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Senecio scorzonella Greene - Sierra Ragwort
Occasional, meadows, moist open subalpine forest, and streamsides, 10200-13200 ft throughout the range
Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, 10000 ft, W.H.Shockley 453 (JEPS37266)
UCottonwood Cr, 11700 ft, Duran 2591 (UC1297632) UPoison Creek, W.L. Jepson 1119 (JEPS22004,
JEPS37652). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Senecio serra Hooker var. serra - Rocky Mountain Ragwort
Uncommon, moist tall herb communities along small forested streams, and in willow thickets or in open
meadows, 7700-10500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Roberts, Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3134
(UC665513). Mono: Cottonwood Cr, 8700 ft, Duran 2581 (UC1297627). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Senecio spartioides Torrey & A. Gray var. granularis Maguire & A.H. Holmgren - Narrow-leaved Ragwort
Infrequent, rocky montane or subalpine slopes, 9000-11000 ft throughout the range. The White Mountain
plants are compact and villous-puberulent, contrasted to glabrous plants in the nominate variety. Inyo:none.
Mono: head Crooked Cr, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26066 (holotype NY233447, isotypes UC701844, GH11878)
Uslopes due E of Crooked Cr lab, 10100 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8031 (JEPS28141; JEPS81932) U0.25 mi E
Crooked Cr lab, 10300 ft, E.R.Blakley 3597 (JEPS32925, SBBG12609) Umeadow 0.5 mile WSW Crooked Cr lab,
10200 ft, Lloyd 3148 (UC1300176) UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3197 (UC1311770) UCrooked Cr lab,
10200 ft, J.M.Tucker 2231 (UC984786); D.E. Breedlove 1017 (UCSB15490); Dedecker 6397 (RSA627157) UBig
Prospector Meadow, 10400 ft, J.&L. Roos 5102 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UNorth Fork Crooked Cr,
10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7340 (JEPS37635); Dedecker 4201 (RSA619083). Esmeralda: south of flat above Big
Meadows, Chiatovich Cr, 8000 ft, Duran 3364 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 8600 ft, Duran 3355 (UC) UMiddle Creek,
10000 ft, Taylor 8853 (RSA). Mineral: none.
*Senecio vulgaris L. - Annual Ragwort.
Not yet vouchered, but to be expected in ruderal settings below about 9000 ft throughout the range.
Inyo:none. Mono: reported as a waif, Barcroft Gate, 11500 ft, T. Spira (Additions II). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Solidago L.
1. Middle cauline leaves largest, strongly serrate; involucre 2.5-3.5 mm high ................................ S. canadensis
1' Lower or basal cauline leaves largest, the leaves reduced in size upwards, entire to coarsely serrate
3. Inflorescence capitate; phyllaries long-acuminate, not strongly graduate; leaves long ciliate; early summer
flowering ................................................................................................................................. S. multiradiata
3' Inflorescence racemose, phyllaries strongly graduate, obtuse; leaves not ciliate; late summer flowering
4. Plants short pubescent; upper nodes lacking fasciculate leaf clusters .................................... S. velutina
4' Plants glabrous; upper nodes with fasciculate leaf clusters ............................................... S. spectabilis
Solidago elongata Nuttall - Canada goldenrod
Infrequent, moist riparian sites below 10000 ft throughout the range. [syn. Solidago canadensis L. ssp.
elongata (Nutt.) Keck] Inyo:none. Mono: Piute Cr, 8700 ft, Taylor 8589 (UC1520565). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Solidago multiradiata Aiton - Northern goldenrod
Common, moist meadows and alpine turf communities, above 10800 ft throughout the range. Inyo:none.
Mono: White Mountains, 11500 ft, Duran 1663 (UC1297649); 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 492 (UC196015)
UBarcroft lab, 12600 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8125 (JEPS28256); J.M.Tucker 2267 (UC984762); K.K. Muller
1060 (SBBG46700.2) UPaiute Mtn, 11700 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8149 (JEPS29019) USheep Mtn, 11500 ft,
J.&L.Roos 5162 (UC1010195); S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282646, UC1318268); 11600 ft, W.L.Jepson 7402
(JEPS32378); Dedecker 1246 (RSA621806) 11800 ft, Lloyd 3264 (UC1300147); 12000 ft, Mitchell 2226
(UC1299883) UMcCloud Camp, Cottonwood Cr, 9450 ft, Lloyd 3133 (UC1300160) UPellisier Flats, 12000 ft,
Mitchell & Lloyd 2215 (UC1300296). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Solidago spectabilis (D.C. Eaton) A. Gray var. confinis (A.Gray) Cronqist - Spectacular goldenrod
Occasional, on wet sunny meadows margins and springs 7000 ft on the southern flanks of the range.
[Additions IV - S. confinis A. Gray] Inyo: Warm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Taylor 7234
(JEPS89405) Ulower Sam=s Springs, in canyon NE Antelope Springs, 5680 ft, Morefield (Additions II)
UAntelope Springs, P.D.Hurd 60-82 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); Morefield 3112 (UCR44088), 3113
(UCR44089) Uupper spring in Marble Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2890 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
UCottonwood Cr, 6100 ft, Mitchell 2163 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: none. Esmeralda:
Chiatovich Cr, 2 mi west of Kellogg Ranch, 5100 ft, W.A.Archer 7183 (UC). Mineral: none.
Solidago velutina de Candolle ssp. californica (Nuttall) Semple - California goldenrod
Infrequent, riparian edges, springs and similar wet sites, below 7000 ft on the southern flanks of the range.
[syn. Solidago californica Nuttall] Inyo: Cottonwood Cr, 6200 ft, Morefield 4803 (UC1552061). Mono: none;
Sonchus L. Sow-Thistle
1. Leaf auricles rounded ........................................................................................................................... S. asper
1' Leaf auricles elongate, lanceolate and acute ................................................................................. S. oleraceus
*Sonchus asper (L.) Hill ssp. asper - Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle
Frequent, weedy roadsides, disturbed sites, below 8500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600
ft, Duran s.n. (UC1297664); 5400 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 2002 (UC1299835) UAntelope Springs, Deep Springs
Valley, 5600 ft, Mitchell 3014 (UC1300214) UTollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2700 (UC1299955). Mono:
*Sonchus oleraceus L. - Common Sow Thistle
Infrequent, roadsides, ruderal sites, disturbed sites, below 6200 ft on the southerly flanks of the range.
Inyo: spring south of Silver Canyon, 4230 ft, Morefield 2121 (WMRSAdditions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Sphaeromeria Nutt.
Sphaeromeria cana (D.C. Eaton) A.A. Heller –
Infrequent, rock outcrops, cliffs, stable talus, 8800-12800 ft in the central portion of the range.
Reference:A. Holmgren, L. Schultz & T. Lowry. 1976. Brittonia 28:255-272. Inyo:none. Mono: Davis Cr,
10500 ft, Duran 3110 (UC1297592) UCottonwood Basin 1 mile NE Eva Belle Mine, 10360 ft, Morefield 2434
(UC1530068) UMarble Cr drainage, 10100 ft, Morefield et al. 4134 (UC1549887). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Stenotus Nutt.
Stenotus acaulis Nutt. - Alpine Stenotus
Infrequent, rocky windswept alpine ridges, and sagebrush scrub, above 8800-11800 ft in the southern
portion of the range. [IMF - Haplopappus acaulis (Nutt.) A. Gray]. Tonestus graniticus (Tiehm & L.M.
Schultz) G.L. Nesom & R.D. Morgan of the Silver Peak Range just east of the White Mountains is to be
sought in our northeastern flanks. Inyo: vicinity Schulman Grove, 10000 ft, Mooney 382 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973). Mono: hill west of Crooked Cr lab, 10300 ft, R.Bacagalupi & P.C. Hutchinson 8060
(JEPS81930) UPatriarch Grove, C.W. Sharsmith 7986 (SJSU6348), 9166 (SJSU14544) USheep Mtn, 11450
ft, Lloyd 3183 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uhead of Cottonwood Cr, 11500 ft, Duran 2595 (cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Duran 1743 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); head, G.K.
Helmkamp 4296 (UCR121964), 4303 (UCR121966) UQueen Dicks canyon, Morefield 3770 (UCR60063,
MO00980585). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8700 ft, Duran 2700 (UC not found, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell
1973); Mineral: east side Montgomery Pass, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9529 (CAS).
Stephanomeria Nutt.
References: L.D. Gottlieb, 1972. Madroño 21:463-481; S. Tomb. 1980. Sys. Bot. Monogr. 1:1-51.
1. Perennial, the base woody, from a caudex; flowering stems of previous years evident; stems freely branched
2. Heads large, the involucre of mostly 8 principal phyllaries, with either 8, 13 or 21 flowers per head
...............................................................................................................................................................S. parryi
2' Heads small, the involucre of "5 phyllaries, with 3-6 flowers
3. Pappus of capillary bristles, not plumose ................................................................................ S. spinosa
3' Pappus of plumose bristles

4. Pappus bristles tawny-gold, the lower 1-2 mm naked or minutely barbellate, only the ends plumose
.............................................................................................................................................. S. pauciflora
4' Pappus bristles white, plumose to near the base ..................................................................S. tenuifolia
1' Annual or biennial, monocarpic, with a taproot; flowering stems with a single main axis; pappus bristles
plumose only at ends, the basal 3 or so naked or barbellate ................................................................... S. exigua
Stephanomeria exigua Nuttall ssp. exigua - Slender stephanomeria.
Occasional, loose soils in brush or open woodland, below 9000 ft on the east slope. [IMF - infrataxa not
recognized] Inyo: Westgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG67886, SBBG67894, SBBG67895); C.J. Wilson 162
(UCSB42551); Duran 2874 (UC1297665) UWarm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Taylor 7152
(JEPS89402) UGilbert Pass, 6300 ft, R.S.Ferris 13603 (JEPS32798) Umouth Birch Cr, Deep Spring Valley,
5050 ft, Lloyd 2971 (UC1300329). Mono: Shealy, Chalfant Valley, 5500 ft, Duran 3487 (UC1282119) U1
mile S Shealy, Chalfant Valley, G.L.Stebbins 2554 (UC589835); 2 mi South, 2552 (UC797822). Esmeralda:
Stephanomeria parryi A. Gray - Parry's stephanomeria.
Occasional, sandy soils in desert scrub communities below 6000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono: mouth Marble Cr,
Hammil Valley, 6200 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4026 (UC1550061) Umouth Milner Cr, 5400 ft, Morefield
& D.H.McCarty 3714 (UC1545542, UCR60026). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torrey) A. Nelson var. pauciflora - Wire lettuce
Infrequent, well drained dry scrub to open woodland sites below 8000 ft. Inyo: Warm Spring, western base
Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Taylor 7230 (JEPS89398) UWestgard Pass, P.A. Munz 12707 (SBBG98351); west base,
R.S.Ferris 12535 (JEPS3269), C.A. Annabel & D. Waterbury 2350 (RSA663890), D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81058)
Ujust E of Deep Springs Lake, 4900 ft, P.H.Raven 7089 (JEPS7747) UPayson Canyon, 5900 ft, Lloyd 2970
(UC1300330) USilver Canyon, 7200 ft, H.M.Hall 10637 (UC202355) mouth Milner Cr, 6100 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 3947 (UC1549904). Mono: Shealey, G.L. Stebbins 2553 (UC797821); Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Rafinisque) H.M. Hall - Wire-lettuce
Occasional, well drained dry soils in desert scrub (rarely upslope into low sagebrush or even alpine ridges)
below 8800 ft on the northwestern flanks of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none; Esmeralda: sandy places,
9650-10600 ft, Morefield 4285 (Additions IV). Mineral: none.
Stylocline Nutt. Nest-straw.

Reference: J. Morefield. Madrono 39(2):114-130. 1992.
1. Heads spherical, the largest 5-9 mm wide S. micropodioides
1' Heads ovoid; the largest 1.5-4 mm wide .............................................................................. S. psilocarphoides
Stylocline micropodioides A. Gray - Everlasting Nest-straw
Infrequent annual of lower elevation scrub or open desert communities. Inyo: western base Black Mtn on
dolomite, 4400 ft, Morefield 3322 (Additions IV). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Stylocline psilocarphoides M.E. Peck - Peck Nest-straw
Occasional, sandy or gravelly soils in desert scrub, sagebrush or open pinyon woodland. Inyo: mouth Black
Canyon, 4600 ft, Morefield 3361 (WMRS, Additions III) Umouth Payson Canyon, Dedecker 1765
(RSA615500). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Symphyotrichum Nees
References: G.A. Allen. 1984. Sys. Bot. 9:175-191; A.G. Jones. 1980. Brittonia 32:230-239; Jones & D.A. Young. 1983.
Syst. Bot. 8(1):71-84; G. Nesom. Phytologia 82(4):281-288. Aster as traditionally treated polyphylletic genus now largely
dismemberd; see also Ionactis. Taprooted, alpine plants with solitary heads of Oreostrum have yet to be found in the
Whites (cf. O. andersonii (A. Gray) G. Nesom, O. peirsonii (Shasrs.) G. Nesom.
1. Annual; phyllaries obtuse to rounded; leaves oblanceolate, "obtuse (Sect. Conyzopsis of Aster)
......................................................................................................................... S. frondosum
1' Perennial
2. Outer pappus bristles < 2 mm, << inner; plants "1 dm tall
see.......................................................................................................................................... Ionactis alpina
2' Outer pappus = inner; plants frequently >>1 dm
3. Involucre and peduncles glandular (Subg. Virgulus) ........................................... S. campestre
3' Involucre and peduncles non-glandular
4. Involucre strongly graduated; outer phyllaries obtuse to rounded at tip, scarious at base with the
dark green tip portion about 2x long as wide
(Sect. Ascendentes of Aster) .......................................................................................... S. ascendens
4' Outer phyllaries acute, not scarious margined at base, with elongate green area at tip
(Sect. Occidentales of Aster)

5. Plants generally < 4 dm tall; basal leaves present at flowering; cauline leaf size rapidly reduced
upwards; outermost phyllaries < inner, pale margined at base; leaves lanceolate to linear
.................................................................................................................................... S. spathulatum
5' Plants generally > 4 dm tall; basal leaves reduced in size and withered at flowering; middle
cauline leaves largest; outer phyllaries scarious < half their length
.............................................................................................................................................. S. eatonii
Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindley) G. L. Nesom
Long-leaved Aster. Infrequent, mesic settings on slopes and in moist sites along streams, 2200-6500 ft on
the southwest slopes flanks of the range [Aster ascendens Lindley] Inyo: Bishop, J.T.Howell 40267
(JEPS58963) UWhite Mtn Research Station near Bishop, Taylor 15295 (UC1731279) USilver Canyon, D.F.
Howe s.n. in 1945 (SD37123). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Symphyotrichum campestre (Nuttall) G. L. Nesom var. campestre
Intermountain Aster. Uncommon, dry meadow borders and northerly facing pinyon woodland stands,
mostly below 8000 ft. [syn. Aster campestris Nutt; var. bloomeri A. Gray] Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman
Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3149 (JEPS23973, UC1297667, SD62396). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Symphyotrichum eatonii (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom
Eaton's Aster. Occasional, wet streamside and spring margins, 6600-9900 ft throughout the range. [syn.
Aster eatonii (A. Gray) Howell] Inyo: 2 miles up Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, C.B.Wolf 9768 (UC774878); 5400 ft,
Lloyd 3883 (UC1389252) U2.6 mi NW Black Canyon Spring, 7200 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4341
(UC1550010) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3141 (UC665560). Mono: Pellisier Ranch 5
mi N Benton, J.Grinnell s.n. in 1917 (JEPS40834) UCottonwood Cr below narrows, 6100 ft, Mitchell 2160
(UC1299926, SD62244) UCottonwood Cr, 9200 ft, Mitchell 3297 (UC1300264) UMcCloud Camp, G..D. Barbe
et al. 1724 (CHSC89513). Esmeralda: north base Mustang Mtn, J.& L Roos 2432 (POM). Mineral: none.
Symphyotrichum frondosum (Nuttall) G. L. Nesom
Alkali Aster. Infrequent, subalkaline to alkaline meadows and seepage areas, below 8000 ft [Aster frondosus
(Nutt.) Torrey & A. Gray] Inyo: meadows throughout the range, Morefield Additions IV (Morefield 4269 cited).
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willdenow) G. L. Nesom ssp. hesperium (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom
Western lined aster. Infrequent, streambanks below 5500 ft along the southern flanks of the range. [syn.
Aster lanceolatus Willd var. hesperius (A. Gray) Semple] Inyo: Warm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 4000
ft, Taylor 7249 (JEPS89439) USilver Canyon, D.F. Howe 1387 (SD112377). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Albert
Mine, Queen Canyon, 8200 ft, Taylor 15237 (UC). Mineral: none.
Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindley) G. L. Nesom var. intermedium (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom
Western bog Aster. Infrequent, fens and muck soils of wet meadows, 3800-9500 ft throughout the range.
[IMF - A. spathulatus Lindley var. intermedius (A. Gray) Cronq, Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) Torrey & A. Gray var.
intermedius A. Gray] Inyo: Warm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Morefield & Abbott 4370
(UC1550027). Mono: Crooked Cr: Lab, 9700 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8071 (JEPS28199); damp meadows
along, J.C. Roos 5863 (UCR19195) UGranite Mdw, Taylor 9329 (JEPS89445). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Taraxacum L. Dandelion
1. Outer involucral bracts reflexed; introduced weed ........................................................................... T. officinale
1' Outer involucral bracts erect; native ................................................................................................... T. lyratum
Taraxacum lyratum (Ledeb) deCandolle
Alpine dandelion. Local, known only from calcareous meadows in the Cottonwood Creek Basin (omitted
from the Jepson Manual); the White Mountain occurrence is disjunct eastward to the Ruby Mtns. in eastern
Nevada. Inyo: none. Mono: meadows above McCloud Camp, Duran 1657 (UC1297657); meadow in
Cottonwood Basin at 10200 ft, DWT & A. Colwell 18967 (JEPS). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
*Taraxacum officinale Wiggins - Common dandelion
Common, moist open meadow borders, riparian sites, moist closed-canopy forest, lawns, and disturbed or
ruderal sites, below 11200 ft throughout the range. Inyo: head of Silver Canyon, 9850 ft, Lloyd 2879
(UC1299842) UWyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2791 (UC1300020). Mono: near Campito Meadow, 11000 ft,
J.M.Tucker 3427 (UC1087519). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2525 (UC). Mineral: none.
Tetradymia DC. Horsebush

Reference: J.L. Strother. 1974. Brittonia 26(2):177-202.
1. Pappus evident; pubescence of stems interrupted by linear glabrescent streaks
(Sect. Tetradymia)
2. Leaves gray tomentose .......................................................................................................... T. canescens
2' Leaves green and glabrous to sparsely pubescent ..................................................................... T. glabrata
1' Pappus obscured by and not differentiated from the long hairs covering the achene; stems evenly pubescent
(Sect. Lagothamnus)
3. Leaves modified into rigid, persistent spines; heads in axillary clusters
4. Spines straight, 2-4 cm long, glabrescent; involucre 7-9 mm high; achenes 4-5 mm long
...................................................................................................................................................... T. axillaris
4' Spines recurved downward, <2 cm long, densely pubescent; involucre 8-12 mm high, achenes 6-8 mm
long T. spinosa - Not documented
3' Leaves pungent tipped, but no persistent and spine-like; heads in terminal corymbose clusters
not yet documented .......................................................................................................... T. tetrameres ‚
Tetradymia axillaris A. Nelson var. longispina (M.E. Jones) Strother - Jones’ Horsebush
Occasional, sandy to gravelly soils in desert scrub below 7000 ft: Inyo: Westgard Pass: 5.4 mi W of, 5900 ft,
Lloyd 2677 (UC1299970), C.A. Annabel 2529 (RSA663915); 5.6 mi W, D. Wilken 7595 (UCSB26614) USilver
Canyon, 5000 ft, Mitchell 2003 (UC. cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: near mouth Coldwater Canyon,
4670 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3450 (UC1534867, UCR47599) Umouth Furnace Cr, 5580 ft, Morefield et
al. 4436 (UC1545415, UCR60103). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Tetradymia canescens deCandolle - Spineless Horsebush
Common, sparsely vegetated windy ridges, canyon slopes, and sagebrush flats, below 9200 ft. Inyo: 2 mi
below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, Duran 1713 (UC1297623) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000
ft, Duran 3137 (UC1297624). Mono: head North Fork Crooked Cr, 4.8 mi E Crooked Cr lab, 9500 ft,
Bacagalupi et al. 8078 (JEPS28206); J.M.Tucker 2247 (UC984798) UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3209
(UC1311765). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon area, 7200 ft, Duran 2528 (UC). Mineral: none.
Tetradymia glabrata Torrey & A. Gray - Little-leaved Horsebush
Occasional, sagebrush flats and desert scrub below 7800 ft on the eastern slope: Inyo: Westgard Pass,
5900 ft, Lloyd 2682 (UC1299965) UWestgard Pass Rd 5 mi E of Big Pine, 5000 ft, J.L.Strother 680
(UC1393555), 680A (UC1393556); 2 mi E, D. D. Keck 518 (UC423665); D. F. Howe s.n. (SD81068) Umouth
Payson Canyon, J.K. McPherson 326 (UCSB24000) U0.7 mi S Silver Canyon mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3680
(UC1545577, UCR60074) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran s.n. (UC, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Ufirst
canyon N of Silver Canyon, 5200 ft, H.Mooney 202 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: mouth McAfee
Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield 3633 (UC1545347, UCR60028) U1 mi N Black Warrior Mine, 6380 ft, Morefield
3790 (UC1545391, UCR60111) USouthern Belle Mine, A.A. Heller 8332 (UC162515). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Townsendia Hook.
1' Plants densely white wooly villous throughout; flowers solitary and barely exceeding the leaves; pappus
readily deciduous ................................................................................................................... T. condensata ‚
1' Plants tomentose to pubescent, green; flowers several to many, on peduncles >1cm long, well exceeding the
leaves; pappus not deciduous, or only tardily after seed dispersal
2. Achenes glabrous; leaves linear to oblanceolate, acute ............................................................... T. lepotes
2' Achenes with spreading trichomes; leaves oblanceolate to obovate, "obtuse ......................... T. scapigera
Townsendia condensata D.C.Eaton – Pincushion daisy

Scattered at timberline and in the alpine, more frequent on dolomitic substrate, 11000-13700 ft,
throughout the range. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, 11500 ft, Duran 1662
(UC799640) UPatriarch Grove, 11300 ft, Taylor 6670 (JEPS89360) Uroad to Barcroft lab, 11400 ft, Lloyd
3129 (UC1300164) Uabout 12 mi N Patriarch Grove, 11000 ft, D.Drieman s.n. (UC1525636) USheep Mtn,
12000 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26109 (UC697779); G.L. Clifton 16696 (RSA530095); Morefield 2303
(NY465029); Dedecker 6372 (RSA627137) Uhead Cottonwood Canyon, Dedecker 2203 (RSA616568); R.F.
Thorne et al. 38662 (RSA291893). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Townsendia lepotes (A.Gray) G.E.Osterh. –
Infrequent, heavy soil of meadow borders and flats, 10000-12000 ft on the central portion of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, 11500 ft, Duran 1661 (UC, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Ujust above
and west of McAfee Meadow, 12450 ft, Bacagalupi et al. 8138 (JEPS29007) Uentrance to Patriarch Grove,
11200 ft, H.Mooney 624 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uvicinity Sheep Mtn, 11800 ft, Mooney 578 (cited
by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); Dedecker 2199 (RSA617046). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Townsendia scapigera D.C. Eaton –
Uncommon, clay rich stony soils in low sagebrush on wind exposed hillslopes, below 10000 ft on the
southern end of the range. Inyo: 1 mile S of Reed Flat, 10000 ft, J.&L.Roos 5120 (UC1010184, RSA71775)
UWestgard Pass, 6900 ft, Lloyd 2904 (UC1300094); A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 2492a (UC669912), 2492
(UC669914); Duran s.n. (UC775211). Mono: none. Esmeralda: between Pinchot Cr and Pinyon Hill, on
road to B&B Mine, 6700 ft, Duran 2758 (UC) URoad to B&B Mine 0.5 mi S Fish Lake Valley road, Duran
Tragopogon L. Goatsbeard
*Tragopogon dubius Scop. - Yellow-flowered Goatsbeard.
Uncommon weed of roadsides, disturbed sites, and riparian areas, below 8500 ft on the western flanks of
the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Piute Cr, 6400 ft, Taylor 8581 (UC1520641) Uspring along Leidy Cr, 7800 ft,
Morefield & D.H.McCarty 4137 (UC1549888). Esmeralda: Albert Mine, Queen Canyon, 8200 ft, Taylor 15235
Trimorpha G. Nesom
Trimorpha loncophylla (Hooker) G. Nesom - Calcium-loving daisy.
Frequent in subalkaline meadows, carbonate springs, and subalpine meadows on calcareous-rich rocks,
below 11000 ft.[IMF - Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook., see G. Nesom. 1989. Phytologia 67:61-66.] Inyo:
Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3163 (UC1297516); 3144 (UC477351, SD5426). Mono:
White Mountains, 10000 ft, W.H.Shockley 447 (JEPS41594) UNorth Fork Crooked Cr, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson
7270 (JEPS41592) UCrooked Cr, 9500 ft, Duran 1562 (UC1297515); Mitchell 2258 (UC1299866, SD62253)
UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3220 (UC1311179) UCottonwood Cr, 8900 ft, Lloyd 2927 (UC1300079);
2926 (UC1300080); 9200 ft, Lloyd 3299 (UC1300262) USouth Fork Cottonwood Cr, 9800 ft, Mooney 463
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran 2825 (UC588164). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Uroapppus Nutt.
Uropappus lindleyi (deCandolle) Nuttall –
Infrequent, sheltered slopes, below 7700 ft throughout the range. Inyo: west face Black Mtn. 5150 ft,
Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3350 (UC1535181). Mono: mouth of Rock Cr, 5700 ft, Morefield 3485
Wyethia Nutt. Mule-ears

Wyethia mollis A. Gray - Mule Ears
Infrequent but conspicuous, stony scrub communities at 7000-10000 ft on the northern end of the range.
(Reference: W.A. Weber. 1946. American Midl. Natur. 35:400-452. (Sect. Wyethia) Inyo: none; Mono:
none. Esmeralda: east slope of the Queen Canyon-Trail Canyon saddle, 9720 ft, Morefield 4299 (Additions
IV). Mineral: none.
Xanthium L.
*Xanthium strumarium L. – cocklebur
Uncommon, inundated ditches, reservoir margins, and other wetland sites, below 7000 ft on the flanks of
the range. We may have X. spinosum L., with lanceolate leaves and 3-forked axillary spines. Inyo: Wyman
Cr, 5900 ft, Morefield 261 (Additions II). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Xylorhiza Greene
Xylorhiza tortifolia (Torrey & A.Gray) Greene var. tortifolia - Desert aster
Frequent, desert scrub communities below 7000 ft throughout the range. [syn. Machaeranthera t. Torrey &
A. Gray] Inyo: 8.5 mi W of Westgard Pass, 4600 ft, Lloyd 2638 (UC1299995) UWestgard Pass Rd, 5200 ft,
E.C.Twisselmann 15558 (JEPS60824); 4100 ft, K. Taylor 153 (UCSB42933),T Becking 25 (SBBG101214), D.
Ferguson 58 (UCSB44091); 5000 ft, L. Schweitzer 22 (SBBG92994); 4200 ft, D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81082)
UBlack Canyon, 4500 ft, Duran 2624 (UC439853, SD5375) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4450 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 3337 (UC1535170) Ufirst canyon S Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, H.Mooney 686 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973) Uridge N Silver Canyon, 5800 ft, H.Mooeny 199 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: near
mouth Coldwater Canyon, 4670 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3449 (UC1534875). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
BETULACEAE - Birch Family (BET - 62)

Betula L. Birch
Betula occidentalis Hooker - Western Birch
Frequent, dominant along smaller creeks, present in most riparian settings, and forming thickets near
springs, below 9200 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7215 (JEPS58653);
6500 ft, Lloyd 2831 (UC1299977, NY526329) UWyman Canyon, 7650 ft, Lloyd 2808 (UC1300009), 7200 ft,
Dedecker 4275 (RSA619179), 5500 ft, A.A.Heller 8266 (NY526327) UBirch Creek, Morefield & A. Tiehm 2024
(NY526324) . Mono: Cottonwood Cr, 8900 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1721 (UC1282188, SD62182) UFalls Canyon,
Morefield & McCarty 4361 (NY526325, UC1549825). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 2698 (UC);
Chiatovich Creek, T.S. Elias & Morefield 10422 (NY526247, NY526248). Mineral: none.
BORAGINACEAE - Borage Family (BOR - 252)

Key to Genera
1. Style bifid; prostrate annuals on pumice or sand; leaves with deeply set veins on upper surface
(Subf. Ehretioideae) ............................................................................................................................. Tiquilia
1' Style undivided or nearly so
2. Style disc-like, the ovary without 4 separately attached lobes
(Subf. Heliotropioideae) ........................................................................................................ Heliotropium
2' Style on a gynobase, the ovary of 4 separate parts separately attached to the gynobase; stigma capitate
or punctate, not notably expanded (Subf. Boraginoideae)
3. Perennial
4. Flowers blue or pink
5. Flowers erect, tubular; fruits with prickles, easily sticking to clothing
(Subf. Lithospermeae)....................................................................................... Hackelia stick-seed
5' Corolla cylindrical, drooping; fruits not prickly ................................................... Mertensia bluebells
4' Flowers white or yellow .......................................................................................................... Oreocarya
3' Annual
6. Nutlets widely spreading (Subf. Cynoglosseae) .................................................................. Pectocarya
6' Nutlets not spreading; gynobase conical, the nutlets attached to the sides (Subf. Eritrichieae)
7. Flowers yellow or orange; pubescence harsh, bristly .................................... Amsinckia fiddleneck
7' Flowers white (the tube often yellow within, the limb white) or blue
8. Nutlet margin with a rim of barbed tubercles "2mm long; flowers blue to light blue
........................................................................................................................................... Lappula
8' Nutlet margin without a barbed rim; flowers white
9. Calyx circumscissal
10. Stems upright, branches few Plagiobothrys popcorn-flower
10' Stems very highly branched, the internodes very short and the plants forming cushion like
mounds .......................................................................................................... Greenocharis
9' Calyx not circumscissal
11. Nutlets keeled on ventral side, at least in upper half
12. Lower leaves opposite; nutlets attached by a scar groove but not caruncular; corolla tube
yellow within ......................................................................................................... Allocarya
12' Lower leaves alternate; nutlets attached by a thickened caruncular scar; corolla tube white
within ............................................................................................................ Plagiobothrys
11' Nutlets not keeled on ventral surface .................................................................... Cryptantha
Allocarya Greene
1' Corolla 2-4 mm wide; flowers present at very basal nodes
2' Nutlets bristly tip to base, rugose at base .................................................................................. A. hispidula
2' Nutlets nutlet smooth and non bristly at base ............................................................................. A. cusickii
1. Corolla 4-6 mm wideFlowers absent at basal nodes,
3. Nutlets < 2 mm, with prominent cross-ribs; bracts at lower nodes of inflorescence only
....................................................................................................................................................A. parishii ‚
3’ Nutlets ca. 2.5 mm; cross ribs less obvious; inflorescence evenly bracteate throughout
...................................................................................................................................................... A. salsa ‚
Allocarya cusickii Greene - Cusick's allocarya
Uncommon, vernally moist sites on the east side. [JM-Plagiobothrys cusickii (Greene) I.M. Johnston]. Inyo:
Deep Springs Lake, Duran 3305 (UC1282130). Mono: none. Esmeralda: marsh of Sand Spring, 5500 ft,
Morefield 4390 (Additions V). Mineral: none.
Allocarya hispidula Greene - Harsh allocarya
Infrequent, vernally moist flats and meadows at 7200-10800 ft throughout the range. [JM- Plagiobothrys
hispidulus (Greene) I.M. Johnston, syn. P. scouleri (Hook. & Arn.) I.M. Johnston incl. var. penicillatus
(Greene) Cronq.]. Inyo: none. Mono: head of Crooked Cr, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26145 (UC701874)
UTres Plumas Meadow, 10350 ft, Taylor 9184 (UC1540236) UDeep Springs Cow Camp, 9480 ft,
Morefield1694 (Additions II) UCampito Meadow, G.K. Helmkamp 3346 (UCR134458) Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Allocarya parishii (I.M. Johnston) Auct. – Parish Brothers popcornflower
Rare, subalkaline soils on the floor of the Owens Valley on the western base of the White Mountains
[Plagiobothrys parishii I.M. Johnston]. ‚ CNPS List 1B.1 ‚ Inyo: vicinity Laws, K. Brandegee s.n. in 1913
(UC184494) Uvicinity Klondyke Lake, Taylor 7088 (JEPS100471) Mono: Chalfant Valley, Alice Eastwood &
John Thomas Howell 9549 (RSA26180).
Allocarya salsa T. Brandegee - Desert popcornflower.
Rare, to be sought in moist meadow borders, where subakaline and with Artemisia cana dominant, and often
growing in gopher disturbed areas or roadbeds, below 9800 ft (JM - Plagiobothrys s. (T. Brandegee) I.M.
Johnston) ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Not documented our region, similar to A. parishii; both to be south on spring
margins on the westerly and southerly flanks of the range.
Amsinckia Lehm. Fiddleneck

Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray var. tessellata – Cobblestone fiddleneck.
Frequent, disturbed sites, washes, roadcuts and ruderal sites, and occasional on alluvial slopes and fans,
below 6000 ft flanking the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass: J.&H.Grinnell 1039a (UC569591); 7.4 miles W of,
Lloyd 2647 (UC1300312) U3.8 mi W of, Lloyd s.n.(UC1300039) UWhite Mtn Rd at 7500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n.
(UC1282619); 1.5 mi E Forest Boundry, D.F. Howe 3021 (SD51311) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2689
(UC439826, SD4190). Mono: vicinity Deveronis Ranch, F.W. Peirson 12454 (UC599218). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Cryptantha Lehm.
1. Perennial .......................................................................................................................... see Oreocarya, p. 59
1' Annual (all Sect. Krynitzkia except 5.)
2. Corolla relatively large, the limb 3-5 mm wide, the fornices (corolla tube appendages) yellow
....................................................................................................................................................C. utahensis
2' Corolla small, 2-2.5 mm wide, the fornices not yellow
3. Dorsal surface of nutlets papillate, tuberculate, muricate, rugose or otherwise roughened (requires 10-
20x magnification)
4. Nutlets rounded on edges apically
5. Gynobase elongate, surpassing the nutlets, topped by a sessile stigma and without a differentiated
style Sect Eremocarya .................................................................................................. C. micrantha
5' Gynobase not elongated, style evident, not generally surpassing the nutlets
6. Nutlet usually solitary (or rarely 2 developing)
7. Mature calyx appressed to the flattened rachis, the abaxial calyx lobe longer than others and
more hirsute; nutlets curved, arching inward ......................................................... C. recurvata
7' Calyx spreading to ascending in fruit, the individual lobes remaining of equal lengths; nutlets
not curved, lanceolate ........................................................................................ C. dumetorum
6' All 4 nutlets usually developing (not uncommonly only 3 mature)
8. Nutlets tuberculate to verrucose-muricate
9. Calyx wooly-villous, with dense and relatively long trichomes ........................ C. barbigera
9' Calyx trichomes mixed, a few hirsute-strigose under longer, setose-hispid ones
............................................................................................................................ C. ambigua
8' Nutlets finely and finely spiculate-papillate ............................................................. C. echinella
3' One or all nutlet edges sharply angled or distinctly winged apically .................................. C. pterocarya
11. Nutlets polymorphic, one unwinged.................................................... C. pterocarya var. pterocarya
11' Nutlets monomorphic, all equally winged
12. Nutlet wing reduced to a mere crest on the nutlet margin, bony and differing in color and
texture from the body of the nutlet .......................................... C. pterocarya var. purpusii
12' Nutlet wing expanded and wide, flexible under a needle
.............................................................................................. C. pterocarya var. cycloptera
2' Dorsal surface of nutlets smooth
13. Groove of nutlets eccentric, one side of the nutlet appearing deformed when viewing ventral surface
Nutlet 1, style <2 length of nutlets Series Affines .................................................. C. glomeriflora
13' Groove of nutlets median
14. Margin of the nutlets sharply angled apically; style< nutlets .......................................... C. watsonii
14' Margin of nutlets rounded, style = nutlets
15. Nutlets solitary .......................................................................................................... C. gracilis

15 All 4 nutlets usually developing ............................................................................ C. torreyana
Cryptantha ambigua (A. Gray) Greene - Wilkes' Cryptantha
Infrequent, open sandy soils, below 8700 ft Morefield 4333 (WMRS, Additions IV) - is the only apparent record
Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) Greene - Bearded Cryptantha
Occasional, sandy soils in desert scrub below 7000 ft. Inyo: Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran M28
(UC1297615) Unear mouth Wyman Canyon, 5800 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3523 (UC1535081) Uwestern
base Black Mtn, 4320 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3341 (UC1535174, UCR48296) USilver Canyon,
A.A.Heller 8720 (UC162434). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft, T.E. Lankester 719 (BM);
Mineral: none.
Cryptantha decipiens (M.E.Jones) A.A.Heller -
Infrequent annual of desert scrub communities on the southern flanks of the range below 6000 ft. Inyo:
western base Black Mtn, 4320 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3338 (UC1535171, UCR48261). Mono: none;
Cryptantha dumetorum (Greene) Greene - scrambling cryptantha
Occasional, sandy soils, growing within shrubs in desert scrub or about dripline of pinyons, below about
6500 on the southern end of the range. Inyo: western base Black Mountain, 4000 ft, Morefield 3320
(UC1535157) is the only apparent record. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cryptantha echinella Greene – hedgehog cryptantha
Occasional, high elevation sagebrush and subalpine forest, 9000-11000 ft in the northern portion of the
range. Inyo:none. Mono: 0.5 mi WSW Crooked Cr lab, 10200 ft, Lloyd 3139 (UC1299849, UC1389139);
3138 (UC1299853, UC1389323). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cryptantha glomeriflora Greene - Truckee cryptantha.
Infrequent, meadows and streambanks, or in vernally moist sandy sites in sagebrush, or at base of rock
outcrops, 6200-11500 ft throughout the range. Inyo:none. Mono: Barcroft Lab, 11400 ft, T. Spria 202
(JEPS85249) UCrooked Cr, 9900 ft, Lloyd 3276 (UC1300142); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26146 (UC739165)
U0.5 mi SW Crooked Cr lab, 10200 ft, Lloyd 3140 (UC1300167) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, Dedecker 2208
(RSA617007) UMarble Creek, 11200 ft, Morefield 4126 (RSA463598). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cryptantha gracilis Osterh. - Slender cryptantha.
Uncommon, in loose soil of open scrub or pinyon woodland, 5000-9000 ft on the southerly end of the range.
Inyo: Silver Canyon, 5600 ft, Mitchell 2076 (UC1299792) U3 mi W of Westgard Pass, 6400 ft, Lloyd 2714
(UC1299945) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2664 (UC439831). Mono: mouth Marble Creek, Morefield
3753 (UCR60177). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cryptantha micrantha (Torrey) I.M. Johnston ssp. micrantha - Small-flowered Cryptantha
Occasional, to be expected in desert scrub below 7000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: near Sam=s Springs, 5620
ft, Morefield 3596 (UC1545605). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran 2743 (UC). Mineral: none.
Cryptantha nevadensis Nelson & Kennedy – Nevada cryptantha
Occasional, sandy soils and alluvium, below 7500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: ca. 1 mile NE mouth
Wyman Canyon, 5870 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3541 (UC1534892) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2662
(UC439829, SD4207). Mono: near mouth Coldwater Canyon, 5100 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3441
(UC1534867, UCR47426) UMorris Creek fan, Morefield 3776 (UC1545387) Umouth of Rock Cr above
Hammil Valley, 5350 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3501 (UC1535060, UCR48250) Umouth of McAfee Creek,
5250 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3638 (UC1535330, UCR60031) UWestgard Pass, 4200 ft, Mooney 29 (cited
by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); 6000 ft. R.C.Hoffman s.n. (POM, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uvicinity Wyman
Creek mouth, Morefield 3541 (UC1534892). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cryptantha pterocarya (Torrey) Greene - wingnut
Occasional, sandy desert flats and slopes below 7000 ft throughout the range. The three vartieties of C.
pterocarya offer two differing combinatorials of winged size with unwinged nutlets, and are diagnosed as in
the key: not all specimens have been filed in the herbarium by variant, as some skimpy specimens lack
nutlets sufficient for diagnosis: var. cycloptera (Greene) J.F. Macbride - Monomorphic wingnut - is
attributed to the White Mountains by Cronquist et al. (1984), our most proximal specimen is Mono:
McManara Lk, Taylor 16754 (UC1731344). Inyo: var. purpusii Jepson - Purpus= wingnut; Payson Canyon,
5270 ft, H.Mooney s.n. (UC1389250); UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2666 (UC439832, SD4204), var.
pterocarya Mono County; all var. pterocarya mouth Coldwater Canyon, 4670 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty
3447 (UC1534873, UCR47598) Umouth Rock Creek, 5350 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3499 (UC1535058,
UCR48252). Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft, Duran M18 (UC), var. purpusii Jepson. Mineral: none.
Cryptantha racemosa (S.Watson) Greene –
Infrequent, steep canyon walls below 6500 ft on the southwestern section of the range. Inyo: reported for
the Whites in IMF 4:266. 1984. Mono: north wall Coldwater Canyon about 1 mile up, 5470 ft, Morefield
3426 (Additions IV), Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cryptantha recurvata Coville - Curved-nutlet cryptantha.
Occasional, desert scrub communities below 6500 ft Inyo: Silver Canyon, A.A.Heller 8221 (UC162499)
Mono: mouth Rock Creek, 5350 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3500 (UC1535059, UCR48251) UColdwater
Canyon, K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC174974); Dedecker 2093 (RSA629271) Umouth McAfee Creek, 5250 ft,
Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3610 (UC1545324, UCR59897) Unear Wildhorse Benchmark, Deep Springs Valley,
5850 ft, Morefield et al. 4402 (UC1545425). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cryptantha scoparia A. Nelson – scoripod crypantha
Occassional in open scrub communities on the southern half of the range below 9000 ft. Inyo: Westgard Pass,
P.A. Munz 13519 (RSA49129) UCedar Flat, Dedecker 5371 (RSA641530) UWyman Canyon, 8600 ft, Dedecker
5504 (RSA625244). Mono: southwest of Morris Creek, 6380 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3776 (UC1545387,
Cryptantha torreyana (A. Gray) Greene – John Torrey’s cryptantha
Infrequent, often within shrub crowns, and shaded mesic forest groves, 7000-9800 ft on the southerly end of
the range. Inyo: mouth Mollie Gibson canyon, 6969 ft, Lloyd 2958 (UC1300058) USilver Canyon, 8700 ft,
Lloyd 2844 (UC1300113). Mono: N wall of McAfee Creek mouth, Morlefield 3624 (UCR59961). Esmeralda:
Cryptantha utahensis (A. Gray) Greene – Utah cryptantha
Frequent, sandy to gravelly alluvial fans and slopes, below 7000 ft on the far southern end of the range.
Inyo: Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 572 (UC439830, SD4206); 5700 ft, D.D.Keck 521 (UC423617); mouth,
4300 ft, Taylor 7077 (JEPS90095) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4300 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3570
(UC1535051), Taylor 7169 (JEPS) U7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2642 (UC1299991) USilver
Canyon, 5800 ft, Lloyd 2869 (UC1300124); 7000 ft, Duran 1507 (UC1297578) UWyman Canyon, 8600 ft,
Dedecker 5505 (RSA625243). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cryptantha watsonii (A. Gray) Greene – Serano Watson's cryptantha.
Infrequent, open desert scrub, pinyon forest, or sagebrush, 6000-11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
ridge northeast Wyman Canyon mouth, 6040 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3535 (UC1534886) USilver
Canyon, 7400 ft, Mooney 211 (cited by Lloyd and Mitchell 1973). Mono: White Mountains, J.Grinell s.n.
(UC402800) UCrooked Cr, 9500 ft, Duran 1546 (UC1297584) Unear Crooked Cr lab, J.M.Tucker 2237
(UC978101) USagehen Flat, 10500 ft, Mooney 439 (cited by Lloyd and Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Greenocharis Guerke & Harms

Greenocharis circumscissa (Hooker & Arnott) Rydberg - Cushion cryptantha.
Frequent in wet years, open scrub, most often on sandy soils or pumice, below 10000 ft on the east slope In
our vicinity, there are two taxa, often sympatric without intergradation: one with longer nutlets, and a more
lax growth habit. Three names are available within these two forms: Cryptantha c. var. hispida J.F.
MacBride, Cryptantha c.var. rostellata J. Howell, and possible C. similis K. Matthew & Raven. (syn: often
treated as polyphytetic within Cryptantha Sect. Piptocalyx, as C. circumscissa). Inyo: Black Canyon,
5700 ft, Duran M26 (UC1297613, SD62268) UWyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2797 (UC1300017) UPayson
Canyon, 5913 ft, Lloyd 2965 (UC1300054) Uwestern base Black Mtn, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3316
(UC1535153) UWestgard Pass, D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81219). Mono: Crooked Cr lab, 10120 ft, R.Bacagalupi &
L.R.Heckard 8065 (JEPS28185); J.M.Tucker 2239A (UC984773) UCottonwood Cr, 9000 ft, Duran 1592
(UC1297614) Umouth Pellisier Cr, 5050 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3465 (UC1534917, UCR48333)
Umouth McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3639 (UC1545331, UCR60032). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Hackelia Opiz Stick-seed

1. Corolla 6-7 mm wide; stem pubescence appressed; nutlets with 1-5 facial prickles
....................................................................................................................................................H. brevicula ‚
1' Corolla 7-10 mm wide; pubescence of lower stem spreading; nutlets without facial prickles
....................................................................................................................................................... H. floribunda
Hackelia brevicula (Jepson) J.L.Gentry - Poison Canyon stickseed.
Occasional, margin of or within willow thickets, brush patches, toe slopes, canyon bottoms, riparian
borders, 7500-11500 ft along the length of the range. Apparently endemic to the White Mountains
(Cronquist et al. 1984). ‚ CNPS List 3.3 ‚ Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 9800 ft, M. DeDecker 5498
(RSA374340, RSA625350). Mono: Poison Creek, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7374 (JEPS2683, holotype) U4.8 mi
E Crooked Cr lab, R.Bacagalupi & L.R.Heckard 8082 (JEPS28210, RM, WS) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek,
9100 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1719 (UC1282195, SD62412); 9700 ft, Morefield et al. 4601 (UC1545467);
J.L.Gentry & Jensen 2165 (DAO, F, KANU, NY, UTC, WTU) UCottonwood Cr, 8900 ft, Lloyd 2935
(UC1300072. COLO, NY); 9800 ft, Taylor 9160 (JEPS); 10400 ft, T.S. Elias & K.A. Teare 10496 (RSA389477)
UBig Prospector Meadow, M. Canfield s.n. (SD40580) Ubase of Buck=s Peak, Mitchell 2256 (UC1299867)
USagehen Flat, 10250 ft, Lloyd 3167 (UC1300187) UMilner Cr, 10800 ft, Taylor 9157 (JEPS). Esmeralda:
Albert Mine, Queen Canyon, 8200 ft, Taylor 15236 (UC). Mineral: none.
Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston - Many-flowered stickseed.
Infrequent, streambanks, seepage areas and mesic shaded toe slopes, below 10300 throughout the range.
Inyo: springs in Black Canyon, 8400 ft, Mitchell 2127 (UC1299805). Mono: Sacramento Canyon, 10000 ft,
Duran 2881 (UC1297581) UCrooked Cr, 9500 ft, Duran 1556 (UC1297582). Esmeralda: middle fork Middle
Creek, 9800 ft, Taylor 8862 (RSA). Mineral: none.
Heliotropium L. Heliotrope
*Heliotropium curassavicum L. ssp. oculatum (A.A. Heller) Thorne - California Heliotrope
Frequent where subalkaline fine soils border springs, and occassioally in washes, below 5500 ft on the lower
flanks of the range. Inyo:mouth Black Canyon, 4800 ft, Mitchell 2074 (UC1299793) Uspring 1 mi SE of
Laws, 4250 ft, Morefield 3116 (UC1523857, UCR44076) UWarm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3900 ft,
Morefield & 4041 (UC1550073) USilver Canyon near Laws, K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC178215). Mono:
Lappula Moench.
1. Marginal prickles of nutlets on at least 2 of nutlets fused at base, forming a star-like crown border
................................................................................................................................. L. redowskii var. cupulata
1' Marginal prickles of nutlets only slightly fused at base, not at all crown-like
............................................................................................................................... L. redowskii var. redowskii
Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) M.E. Jones - Annual stickseed.
Infrequent, open disturbed sites, washes, and alluvial fans in desert scrub, below 7500 ft throughout the
range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6700 ft, Duran 2639 (UC477369, SD4149); 7200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7230
(JEPS67994) UWyman Canyon, Dedecker 5506 (RSA625242). Mono: Morris Creek fan, 6380 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 3787 (UC1545480). Esmeralda: near B&B Mine, 7500 ft, Duran 2709 (UC). Mineral: none.
Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene var. redowskii – Ivan Redowski’s stickseed
Common, dry meadow borders, more so where heavily grazed, or on gopher workings, disturbed roadsides,
open mecis sagebrush, below 10800 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Cr, 9900 ft, Lloyd
3273 (UC1300144) UCottonwood Creek, 8900 ft, Lloyd 2923 (UC1300081) UCrooked Creek lab, 10200 ft,
R.Bacagalupi & P.C.Hutchinson 8056 (JEPS28166) U1.4 mi E Crooked Creek lab, North Fork Crooked Cr,
9800 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8098 (JEPS28226). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2516 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Mertensia Roth. Bluebell

Mertensia ciliata (Torrey) G. Don var. stomatechoides (Kellogg) Jepson - Streamside bluebells.
Uncommon, shaded wet sites, often under dense Birch riparian canopy, below 10500 ft on the northern end
of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Shockley 493, Jul 22 1886 (JEPS70771). UChiatovich Cr, 9000 ft, Mitchell
2090 (UC1299781) USE rim of Perry Aiken Flat, 11000 ft, Morelfield 4170 (UC1549991) US fork of McAfee
Creek, 9450 ft, Morefield et al. 4616 (UC1545479, UCR60110). Esmeralda: Middle Creek,. 7500 ft,
E.C.Jaeger s.n. in 1939 (POM). Mineral: none.
Oreocarya Greene
1. Corolla tube much longer than calyx
2. Flowers yellow; dorsal surface of nutlet smooth .................................................................. O. confertiflora
2' Flowers white with cream appendages; dorsal surface of nutlet rugose ................................. O. flavoculata
1' Corolla tube about equal to calyx
3. Ventral surface of nutlets smooth, dorsal surface smooth to slightly roughened
4. Stems stiffly erect; dorsal surface of nutlet straight, lanceolate, ventral surface smooth
............................................................................................................................................... O. nubigena
4' Stems prostrate to decumbent; dorsal surface of nutlet curved ............................................... O. cinerea
3' Ventral and dorsal surface of nutlets strongly roughened
5' Stems erect, 1-4 dm tall; pubescence of pungent, spreading bristles ............................... O. virginensis
5' Stems short, < 1 dm tall
6. Inflorescence shorter than or equal to the leaves, generally 1-2 cm tall; basal leaves <1cm long
not documented .........................................................................................Cryptantha roosiorum Munz
6’ Inflorescence exceeding the basal tuft of leaves, generally about 1 dm tall; basal leaves > 1cm
.............................................................................................................................................O. humilis
Oreocarya abortiva Greene - Bownut oreocarya.
Frequent, heavy soils, often with silver sagebrush, or sandy soils bordering dryer meadows, below 10000 ft
on the east slope. [JM - Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. abortiva; C. jamesii var. a. (Greene)
Payson; treated by Cronquist et al (1984) as an infrataxon of C. cinerea (Greene) Cronquist, but the required
infrataxon name in Oreocarya has not established as of yet]. Inyo: mouth of Jackass Creek, Wyman
Canyon, 9000 ft, Duran 3313 (UC1297586) U11 mi up Wyman Canyon, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26039
(UC739154) Uhead Wyman Canyon, 10000 ft, Dedecker 5500 (RSA625248) Uvicinity Schulman Grove, G.K.
Helmkamp 4287 (UCR135961) UReed Flat, Dedecker 6132 (RSA626282). Mono: just above Crooked Cr lab
turnoff, 10900 ft, J.L.Pawek 58-21 (JEPS22257, UC1097550) Uslope due E of Crooked Cr lab, 10130 ft,
R.Bacagalupi et al. 8036 (JEPS28146) UCrooked Cr lab, 10600 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282636, UC1318278);
10200 ft, Lloyd 3145 (UC1300170) UCrooked Cr cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3073 (UC1311796) UCrooked Cr,
9500 ft, Duran 1552 (UC1297587) UCampito Meadow, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26119 (UC739164)
UCampito Mtn, 10700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7290 (JEPS70793) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran M20
(UC1297607) UPatriarch Grove, 11200 ft, Taylor 6675 (JEPS). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Cr, 8000 ft, Duran
M25 (UC). Mineral: none.
Oreocarya confertiflora Greene - Yellow oreocarya.
Occasional, stony or gravelly soils, frequently calcareous, in cliche, or, on ash and tuff deposits, below 7500
ft throughout the range. [JM - Cryptantha c. (Greene) Payson] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 5800 ft, Lloyd 2868
(UC1300125); 5850 ft, A.M.Alexadner & L. Kellogg 4264 (UC735983); 6400 ft, A.A.Heller 8211 (holotype
CAS31579, isotypes UC124085, NY77388, NY335633, DS105129 of Oreocarya lutea A. Brand, a synonym);
K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC184496); 8000 ft, Duran 1512 (UC1297610) U5.4 mi W of Westgard Pass,
5900 ft, Lloyd 2688 (UC1299961) Uwest slope Westgard Pass, 6000 ft, P.H. Raven 7033 (UC1010735, CAS);
5800 ft, R.S.Ferris & R.Bacagalupi 8057 (UC495372); 6600 ft, P.C. Everett & E.K. Balls 21905 (RSA112973);
7000 ft, W.Hovanitz s.n. (UC572177); W. Wirsua 4460 (RSA525167); D.F. Howe 24 (SD113308) Uwestern
base Black Mtn, 4450 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3332 (UC1535165) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2689
(UC439827, SD4175). Mono: east of Benton, 6500 ft, E.C.Jaeger s.n. (UC1055739) UCrooked Cr cave,
10100 ft, Lloyd 3077 (UC1311793) Unear mouth McAfee Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3632
(UC1545346, UCR60027). Esmeralda: between Trail Canyon & Pinchot Cr, Duran M22 (UC). Mineral:
none. Unknown location: White Mountains, C.A. Purpus s.n., May-Oct 1898 (UC25000).
Oreocarya flavoculata Nelson - Yellow-eyed oreocarya.
Frequent, on warmer slopes at altitude, in pinyon woodland, often on dolomite, and cliche outcrops, below
11000 ft throughout the range. [JM - Cryptantha flavoculata (A. Nelson) Payson] Inyo: White Mountain
Road, 10000 ft, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21927 (UC1075591) UCampito Mountain, Dedecker 1524
(RSA626542) UReed Flat, P.A.Munz, 21037 (UC1075830) UCedar Flat, 7000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282637)
Umouth Jackass Cr, Wyman Canyon, 9000 ft, Duran 3312 (UC1297608) UWyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Lloyd
2818 (UC1300003); 8500 ft, DeDecker 4736 (UC1442691) U16 mi up Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire & A.
Holmgren 26064 (UC739166) USilver Canyon, 7500 ft, A.M.Alexander & L. Kellogg 4274 (UC736178) U2 mi
W of Cedar Flat, 7900 ft, Taylor 6439 (JEPS). Mono: Crooked Cr, 9500 ft, Duran 1551 (UC1297609) Unear
Crooked Cr lab, 10300 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC13189277); J.M. Tucker 3414 (UCR110450). Esmeralda: none.
Mineral: Miller Mountain, W.H.Shockley 244 (CAS895, holotype of O. shockleyi Eastwood, a synonym).
Oreocarya humilis Greene - Humble oreocarya.
Occasional, well drained avalanche cones and colluvium, and open canyon slopes in scrub, 9500 ft-11500 ft.
Cryptantha roosiorum Munz, endemic to Badger Flat in the Inyo Mountains, has not been collected in the
Whites; its extremely dwarf stature does not overlap even with the most deparperate of alpine O. humilis [JM
- Cryptantha h. (Greene) Payson; IMF Cryptantha a. Cronquist] Inyo: Reed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21036
(UC1075829) Uvicinity Coldwater Spring, Morefield 4072 (UC1550053) UMorefield 3971 (Additions IV).
Mono: Eva Belle Mine Rd, Taylor 5188 (JEPS90286) UMcAfee Meadow, 12300 ft, Dedecker 1281
(RSA624259) USheep Mountain, 11700 ft, Dedecker 2201 (RSA616566); 6027 (RSA627418) Uw face
Montgomery Peak, Morefield et al. 4112 (UC1549882) UMiddle Creek headwaters, 12100 ft, Taylor 8861
(RSA) . Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Oreocarya nubigena Greene - Sierra oreocarya.
Occasional, open slopes, cirque basins, and lee of ridgelines, 9500-11500 ft on the southern end of the
range. [JM - Cryptantha n. (Greene) Payson var. ovina Payson]. Inyo: none. Mono: south of Sheep Mtn
along White Mtn Rd, 10800 ft, J.L.Pawek 58-5 (UC1097558) Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Oreocarya virginensis (M.E. Jones) J.F.MacBride
Occasional, sandy open pinyon woodland or desert scrub, below 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
Westgard Pass, 7300 ft, R.E.Hoffman 78 (holotype GH57348, of Cryptantha hoffmannii I.M. Johnston, a
synonym) Unorthwest of Cedar Flat, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 2503 (UC cited by Lloyd & Mitchel 1973);
Dedecker 5372 (RSA641529) UWhite Mtn Rd 3.7 miles N of Westgard Pass, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21934
(UC cited by Lloyd & Mitchel 1973) USierra View, 9500 ft, Lloyd 2902 (UC cited by Lloyd & Mitchel 1973)
USilver Canyon, 7100 ft, Lloyd 2856 (UC cited by Lloyd & Mitchel 1973). Mono: none. Esleralda County:
Indian Cr, 6000 ft, T. E. Lankester 743 (BM). Mineral: none.
Pectocarya DC.
1. Calyx bilateral, the upper two sepals longer than other two; sepals < nutlets; nutlet margins entire; lower cauline
leaves alternate (Sect. Gruvelia)
2. Sepal tip with hooked bristles, stem and sepals strigose; nutlet margins not membranous winged, nutlets not
paired.............................................................................................................................................. P. pusilla
2' Sepal tip with straight bristles; stem and sepals with both strigose and spreading trichomes; nutlet margins
widely membranous-winged .......................................................................................................... P. setosa
1' Calyx radial, the sepals equal and longer than nutlets; nutlet margins dentate; lower cauline leaves opposite,
fused at base (Sect. Pectocarya)
3= Fruiting calyx asymmetrical, 2 of the 5 lobes much reduced and laterally displaced towards the pedicel; basal
flowers cleistogamous and with fruits less ornamented compared to cauline, chasogamous flowers
............................................................................................................................................... P. heterocarpa
3= Fruiting calyx largely symmetrical in lobe size and orientation; flowers all chasogamous and without
heterocarpy
4= Nutlets strongly recurved or coiled, all nutlets similar; stems ascending to erect ................. P. recurvata
4= Nutlets only slightly or not at all recurved - some or all of them wing margined as well as uncinate-bristly;
stems variable, prostrate to ascending in following species
5' Nutlets all alike, the wing margins divided into unciate bristles apically, the central portion entire,
sometimes with a few basally ........................................................................................ P. penicillata
5' Nutlets not all alike, one or two generally less strongly wing margined to nearly wingless compared to
neighbors, nutlet margins uncinate-bristly along their entire length
6' Body of nutlets 1.5-2 mm long; stems prostrate ...................................................... P. anisocarpa
6' Body of nutlets 2.5-2.5 mm long; stems generally ascending ...................................P. platycarpa
Pectocarya >anisocarpa= B. Veno ined. -
Occasional, sandy to gravelly sites in desert scrub, washes, and spring margins, below 5500 ft on the
southerly flanks of the range. This ined. taxon was treated by Cronquist et al. (1984) but has not been
formally published; it was regarded as a species of hybrid origin (P. penicillata x P. heterocarpa). Its proper
disposition is uncertain. Inyo: Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty
3990 (Additions IV). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Pectocarya heterocarpa (I.M.Johnston) I.M.Johnston –
Occasional, sandy to gravelly sites in desert scrub, washes, and spring margins, below 5500 ft on the southerly
flanks of the range. Inyo: mouth of Black Canyon, Morefield 3362 (UC1535188). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Pectocarya penicillata (Hooker &Arnott) A. deCandolle
Scattered in subalkaline or heavy soils on the floor of the Owens Valley and our western flank. Inyo: Warm
Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3382 (Additions IV). Mono: none;
Pectocarya platycarpa (Munz & I.M. Johnston) Munz & I.M. Johnston –
Occasional, sandy to gravelly sites in desert scrub, washes, and spring margins, below 5500 ft on the southerly
flanks of the range. Inyo: western base Black Mountain, 4230 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3344 (UC1535176 ).
Pectocarya recurvata I.M.Johnston –
Occasional, sheltered about shrubs, rock bases and rocky slopes, and washes, below 7000 ft on the southerly
flanks of the range. Inyo: western base Black Mountain, 4370 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3329 (UC1535163,
UCR115674). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Pectocarya setosa A. Gray - Bristly pectocarya.
Frequent, sandy soils in desert scrub, sagebrush or pinyons, below 9000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
Marble Fork of Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2734 (UC1297576) UBlack Canyon, 5600 ft, Duran M23
(UC1297575) Uwestern base Black Mountain, 4230 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3339 (UC1535172,
UCR48295) USilver Canyon, A.A.Heller 8187 (CAS, cited in Lloyd and Mitchell 1973) UDeep Springs Valley,
Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3517 (UC1535075). Mono: Rock Creek drainage, 5080 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty
3474 (UC1534882, UCR47767). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Plagiobothrys Fisch. & C.A. Mey. Popcorn flower

1. Calyx circumscissal, sttems erect and ascending from a basal rosette (leaves often withered at flowering but
leaf scars evident); relatively few branched; nutlets with dorsal ridges; attachment scar located just below the
ventral keel of the nutlet (Section Plagiobothrys) ..................................................................... P. arizonicus
1' Calyx not circumscissal; stems highly branched, rosette not well developed; nutlet scar narrow and extending
along the ventral keel (Sect. Amsinckiopsis)
2’ Corolla limb small 1-2.5 mm wide;
3’ Nutlets coarsely tessellate (with finer rugosities in the tesselae interspaces at >20x); nutlet scar
below the middle......................................................................................................................... P. jonesii
3’ Nutles rugose-tuberculate and finely papillate; nutlet scar at or just above middle, just below end
of ventral keel not yet documented..................................................................... P. hispidus
2' Corolla limb larger, 4-7 mm wide; nutlets coarsely rugose-reticulate and finely tuberculate
.................................................................................................................................................... P. kingii
4. Plants <1.5 dm tall .............................................................................................. P. kingii var. harkensii
4' Plants 1-4 dm tall ...................................................................................................... P. kingii var. kingii
Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A. Gray) Greene -
Infrequent, desert scrub communities below about 6000 ft on the western flanks of the range. Inyo:none.
Mono: hills near mouth Rock Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3483 (UC1534817, UCR48160); 5080
ft, 3472 (UC1534880, UCR47765). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Plagiobothrys jonesii A. Gray - Marcus E. Jones’ popcornflower
Frequent, desert scrub communities below about 8000 ft on the lower flanks of the entire range. P. hispidus A.
Gray has been documnented in the adjacent SNE and Bodie Hills, but not nearby Glass Mtn. It should be
sought locally. Inyo: canyon 1.7 mi NE Poleta Mine, 5100 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3407 (UC1534836,
UCR47457) UBlack Canyon: Duran 2665 (UC439833, SD4243); mouth, 4300 ft, Taylor 7081 (JEPS) UWestgard
Pass, 6000 ft, P.H.Raven 6985 (CAS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: canyon mouth ca. 13 mi N
Southern Belle Mine, 5000 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3699 (UC1545596, UCR60043). Esmeralda: Queen
Canyon, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2750 (UC). Mineral: none.
Plagiobothrys kingii (S. Watson) A. Gray var. harknessii (Greene) Jepson – Harvey W. Harkness’ popcornflower
Infrequent, open sagebrush slopes below 7800 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo:none. Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran M27 (UC). Mineral: none.
Plagiobothrys kingii (S. Watson) A. Gray var. kingii – Clarance King's popcorn-flower.
Infrequent, open scrub or on slopes, below 8000 throughout the range. Inyo: below Tollhouse Springs,
A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9580 (CAS). Mono: none. Esmeralda: near Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran 2714 (UC)
Umouth of Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft, Duran 3259 (UC). Mineral: E side Montgomery Pass, A.Eastwood &
J.T.Howell 9545 (CAS).
Tiquilia Pers.
Tiquilia nuttallii (Hooker) A. Richardson - Rosette tiquilia.
Frequent, sandy soils in sagebrush, washes or in very open woodland on pumice or tephra (Sect.
Tiquilopsis, cf. A. Richardson. 1977. Rhodora 79:467-572, syn. Coldenia nuttallii Hooker). Inyo: mouth of
Birch Cr, Deep Springs Valley, 5050 ft, Lloyd 2792 (UC1300328) U3 mi below Roberts Ranch, Wyman
Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 1719 (UC1297616) Uintersection Wyman Canyon Rd and road to Dead Horse
Creek, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2062 (UC1299817) UWyman Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 3051 (UC477400) UDeep
Springs Valley, C.A.Purpus 5822 (UC78329). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Pinchot Creek, 7500 ft, Duran M21
BRASSICACEAE - Mustard Family (BRA - 106)

Key to Genera
1. Fruit a rounded or subfusiform silicle (gen <2x longer than wide)
2. Fruit one seeded; bearing a lacy wing margin .................................................... Thysanocarpus fringepod
2' Fruit 2-several seeded
3. Fruit round in cross-section or notably inflated
4. Leaves pinnately lobed to compound
5. Leaves bipinnate; hairs branched ..................................................... Descurania tansy mustard
5' Leaves pinnately lobed or simply pinnate; hairs absent or simple
..................................................................................................................... Rorippa yellow cress
4' Leaves entire or toothed but not dissected
6. Hairs absent or unbranched
7' Leaves lobed
8. Flowers white; fruit indehiscent, seeds 2-4
.......................................................................................... Cardaria white-top, hoary cress
8' Flowers yellow; fruit dehiscent, seeds many
9. Leaves in basal rosettes; inflorescences lateral; dry sites
...................................................................................................................... Lesquerella
9' Leaves cauline as well as basal, inflorescences terminal; wet sites
.................................................................................................... Rorippa yellow cress
6' Hairs branched; siliques inflated ...................................................................................... Physaria
3' Fruit flattened in cross-section
10. Fruit flattened perpendicular to the replum
11' Fruit not warty; inflorescences terminal
12. Seeds 1 per locule; siliques oval ..................................................... Lepidium pepper grass
12' Seeds 2+ per locule; siliques widest at top, triangular
....................................................................................................... Capsella shepard's purse

10' Fruit flattened parallel to the replum
13. Fruit purple and sharp pointed at tip, 7-9 mm wide ....................................................... Anelsonia
13' Fruit <8 mm wide or rounded
14. Leaves strictly basal; style <1 mm or absent .................................................................. Draba
14' Leaves cauline as well as basal; style >4 mm ....................................................... Lesquerella
1' Fruit a flattened, quadranglar to cylindrical, linear silique (gen 4 x longer than wide)
15. Leaf hairs branched
16. Annual.......................................................................................................... Descurania tansy mustard
16' Biennial or short lived perennial
17. Middle cauline leaves sessile and auriculate .......................................................... Transberingia
17’ Middle cauline leaves petiolate, not auriculate.......................................................... Halimolobos
15' Leaf hairs simple or plants glabrous
18. Fruit dehiscent by valves at marurity
19. Siliques stipitate, the gynophore 1-3 cm long ........................................... Stanleya prince's plume
19' Siliques not stipitate, gynophore <5 mm long or absent altogether
20. Petals linear and crisped, the claw wider than the blade by 1.5x (the reverse of usual condition);
anthers sagittate at base; stigma lobes situated over the valves
(Tribe Thelypodieae)
21. Anthers coiled; filaments of uniform length .................................................... Thelypodium
21' Anthers not coiled; filaments of 2 or 3 different lengths
22. Seeds winged; siliques strongly flattened
23. Silques ascending, the valves dehiscent, falling away, without a beak
...................................................................................... Streptanthus jewelflower
23' Siliques pendent, the valves persistent to the stylar beak
................................................................................................................ Streptathella
22' Seeds unwinged; siliques thickened ............................................................. Caulanthus
20' Petals spatulate or obovate, blade 3-5x wider than the claw; anthers not sagittate at base
24. Fruit strongly flattened
25. Flowers purple or pink
26. Annual ..................................................................................................... Malacomia
26' Perennial
27. Flowering stems decumbent; inflorescences axillary from obvious rosettes
........................................................................................................... Phoenicaulis
27' Flowering stems leafy, erect; inflorescence terminal ................................... Arabis
25' Flowers yellow to white
28. Flowers yellow or cream
29. Stems strongly angled .......................................................................... Barbarea
29' Stems terete
30. Fruit valves with 1 midvein; annuals ........................... Brassica mustard
30' Replum with 2-7 midveins or venation reticulate; biennials or short livled
perennials ........................................................... Erysimum wallflower
28' Flowers white or very light pink
31. Leaves pinnatifid or pinnate .................. Cardamine bitter cress, toothwort
31' Leaves entire or toothed ......................................................................... Arabis
24' Fruit cylindric
32. Seeds uniseriate .................................................................................. Sisymbrium
32' Seeds biseriate; fruits 1-1.5 cm long, fusiform.................... Nasturtium water cress
18’ Fruit a indurate, indehiscent liner silique, the apical portion sterile ...................................... Chorispora
Anelsonia J.F. MacBr. & Payson

Anelsonia eurycarpa (A. Gray) J. F. Macbride & E. B. Payson – broadpod
Occasional, fine mobile scree slopes well above timberline, above 12000 ft in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: White Mtn Pk, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26071 (NY102359, UC701887); W.L. Jepson
7385 (JEPS6304); 13000 ft, Duran 2618 (UC1364142); 12500 ft, K. & M. Heil 8488 (SJNM19353).
Arabis L. Rockcress
1. Petals white, < 5 mm long; lower cauline leaves glabrous; outer sepals saccate at base
...............................................................................................................A. hirsuta var. glabrata

1’ Petals rose to pink, 5-9 mm long; lower cauline leaves pubescent; outer sepals only weakly saccate
........................................................................................................A. hirsuta var. pychnocarpa
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. glabrata Torrey & A. Gray –
Occasional, rocky mesic slopes, meadow borders, canyon bottoms, at 7500-11000 ft in the southern half of
the range. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8100 ft, Mitchell 2151 (UC1299921, NY112404, SD62241).
Mono: above Granite Meadow, Cottonwood Cr drainage, 10500 ft, Morefield 2451 (NY112406) UNorth Fork
Cottonwood Cr, 9230 ft, Morefield 2286 (NY112405). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins –
Occasional, rocky mesic slopes, meadow borders, canyon bottoms, at 7500-11000 ft throughout the range.
Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Lloyd 3039 (UC1389286) ULone Tree Creek, 9700 ft, Mitchell 2253
(UC1389301) Uroad to Indian Cr drainage, 8250 ft, Morefield & C. Perla 4839 (NY112362). Mono:
Cottonwood Cr, F.V.Coville & F.Funston 1807 (NY112399) USheep Mtn. DeDecker 6034 (RSA627170).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek at Big Meadow, 8800 ft, Duran 3329 (UC). Mineral: none.
Barbarea R. Br. Winter Cress

Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. - American wintercress
Occasional, wet sites along creeks, in meadows, and springs above timberline, at 8000-12500 ft throughout
the range. [syn. var. dolichocarpa Fernald] Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Chiatovich Creek, 10200 ft,
Morefield et al. 4571 (NY119708) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, 10030 ft, Morefield 2318 (NY119707)
UMcAfee Meadow, 11500 Lloyd 3311 (UC1300273) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1538 (UC1364122);
lab, E.R. Blakley 3598 (SBBG11553). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3070 (NY119697).
Mineral: none.
Boechera A. Love and & D. Love

1. Siliques and pedicles erect, or the pedicles above the horizontal and siliques spreading
2. Siliques 3-8 mm wide when mature; seed 2-5 mm wide including a wing >1mm wide
3' Trichomes many branched and minute, basal leaves densely pubescent <3 mm wide, upper cauline leaves
pubescent; siliques 2.5-3.5 mm wide ...................................................................................... B. pinzlae
3' Trichomes 3-5 rayed, relatively coarse, basal leaves less densely pubescent and > 3 mm wide; siliques
often >4mm wide; upper cauline leaves glabrous ........................................................... B. platysperma
4. Basal leaves glabrous; stems <1.5 dm tall ........................................... B. platysperma var. howellii
4' Basal leaves pubescent; stems 1-4 dm tall .................................. B. platysperma var. platysperma
2' Siliques 2 mm wide or less at maturity; seeds 1-2 mm wide without a significant wing or unwinged entiirely
(partially winged species do have a narrow rim of tissue on the seed margin)
6. Siliques and peddicles stiffly erect, appressed to the inflorescence axis; biennial or monocarpic perennials
7. Seeds uniseriate ......................................................................................................... see Arabis hirsuta
7' Seeds biseriate
8. Hairs multibranched; flowers cream; siliques 1-1.5 mm wide
not yet documented .............................................................................................. Turritis glabra L.
8' Hairs centrally attached and sessile; flowers white; siliques 2-4 mm wide.................. B. drummondii
6' Siliques ascending to divergent, not directly appressed to inflorescence; pedicles divergent from the axis
perennials
9. Leaves gray-felty with dense stellate hairs
10. Siliques curved, ascending
11' Fruiting pedicles >10 mm long
12' Seeds biseriate ................................................................................................. B. shockleyi
12' Seeds uniseriate .....................................................................................................B. dispar
11' Fruiting pedicels 3-6 mm ....................................................................................... B. bodiensis ‚
10' Siliques straight, erect ............................................................................................. B. fernaldiana ‚
9' Leaves pubescent but not gray-felty, green or blue-green or glaucous
12. Silques 1-1.5 mm wide ............................................................................................... B. microphylla
12' Siliques 1.7-2 mm wide
13. Siliques 5-12 cm long
14. Petals 10-12 mm long, dark purple .................................................................... B. sparsiflora
15. Cauline leaves densely pubescent, upper stem similarly pubescent
not yet documented ................................................................ B. sparsiflora var. arcuata
15' Cauline leaves and upper stem glabrous to only sparsely pubescent
16. Rosette leaves dentate, oblanceolate; fruiting pedicles spreading
not yet documented ...................................................... B. sparsiflora var. sparsiflora

16' Rosette leaves entire, linear to lanceolate; fruiting pedicles ascending
............................................................................................. B. sparsiflora var. subvillosa
14' Petals 5-9 mm long, light pink ............................................................................ B. divaricarpa
13' Siliques 1.5-4 cm long
17. Pedicles 2-4 mm, petals 4-6 mm, pods 2-4 cm; seeds narrowly winged
....................................................................................................... B. lemmonii var. depauperata
17' Pedicles 4-12 mm; petals 6-14 mm, pods 3-6 cm A. dispar
18. Petals 7-14 mm, seed wing narrow, 0.5-1 mm wide ....................................... B. inyoensis
18' Petals 6-10 mm; seed wing 1.5-2 mm wide ............................................................. B. lyallii
19. Basal leaves oblanceolate, the tip obtuse to slightly acute, 3-6 mm wide
......................................................................................................... B. lyallii var. lyallii
19' Basal leaves linear to lanceolate, the tip acute to acuminate, 1-2.4 mm wide
............................................................................................... B. lyallii var. nubigena
1' Siliques and pedicles reflexed or pendent or, at least the pedicles noticeably curved downward and the siliques
divergent to arched downward
20. Siliques glabrous or with a few hairs
21' Siliques 4-7 mm wide ................................................................................................. B. glaucovalva
21' Siliques 2.5-4 mm wide
22. Leaves linear, 1.5-3 mm wide and 1-3 cm long..................................................... B. cobrensis ‚
22' Leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate or spatulate, 3-10 mm wide and often not more than 2 cm long
23. Siliques curved, 2-4 cm long; inflorescence somewhat secund
24. Pedicles 2-4 mm long; basal leaves not ciliate ....................... B. lemmonii var. lemmonii
24' Pedicles 5-10 mm long; basal leaves ciliate ............................................... B. pendulina ‚
23' Siliques straight, 4-8 cm long; pedicles >4 mm long, inflorescence not at all one-sided
25' Main stem determinate, terminted by an inflorescence (beware of grazed or damaged plants
which subsequently branch from base)
26' Leaves pubescent on surface, often densely so, or glabrous but not ciliate, cauline quickly
and unevenly reduced in size upwards
27. Leaves with a dense, gray felt like pubescence of stellate hairs; pedicles horizontal
28' Basal leaves dentate and pedicles slender 10-20 mm long
............................................................................................... B. perennans
28' Basal leaves entire or pedicles shorter
29. Seed wing ca. 0.5 mm wide, siliques ca. 1.5-3 mm wide; pedicles 10-20
mm long ................................................................................B. dispar
29' Seed wing <0.3 mm wide; sliques ca. 2 mm wide; pedicles <10 mm long
B. inyoensis
26' Leaves pubescent but not dense; pedicles reflexed
30. Suffrutescent, the stems woody well above the caudex; siliques 3-6 mm wide
.................................................................................................... B. suffrutescens
30' Perennial with woody caudex, the flowering stems living but one year; siliques 1-1.5
mm wide ............................................................................................ B. holboellii
31. Cauline leaves auriculate; plants 2-9 dm tall; basal leaves >3mm wide
32. Fruiting pedicles arching downward; silique curved; leaf trichomes minute
...................................................................B. holboellii var. pinetorum
32' Fruiting pedicles reflexed straight; silique straight; leaf trichomes evident to
unaided eye .............................. B. holboellii var. secunda
31' Cauline leaves not auriculate; plants 1-2 dm tall, basal leaves <3mm wide
.......................................................................................................... B. exilis
25' Plants with several vegetative axes which terminate in a sterile cluster of leaves, the
inflorescences arising laterally .......................................................................... B. lignifera
20' Fruit densely pubescent
33. Plants suffrutescent at base; stems many; petals 8-15 mm; pedicles 8-10 mm long
............................................................................................................................................. B. pulchra
33' Biennial, stem single; petals 7-10 mm long; pedicles 4-8 m long .......................................... B. puberula
Boechera cobrensis (M. E. Jones) Dorn - Masonic rockcress
Uncommon, snowfree ridges, stony slopes in sagebrush, and flats in pinyon woodland, 8000-10000 ft on the
northern end of the range [syn. Arabis cobrensis M.E. Jones]. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none; Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Middle Creek Canyon, 8300 ft, Morefield et al. 4625 (NY109453) UChiatovich Creek, 8000 ft,
Duran 3065 (UC).
Boechera dispar (M.E.Jones) Al-Shehbaz – Panamint rockcress

Infrequent, stony open slopes and flats, below 8000 ft on the southern and western flanks of the range. [syn.
Arabis dispar M.E.Jones] Inyo: Cedar Flat, 7000 ft, Duran 3291 (UC1364145) UWestgard Pass narrows, C.
Davidson 4297 (RSA482742) Uvicinity Grandview Campground, Dedecker 658 (RSA615471) Mono: mouth
Rock Cr, above Hammil Valley, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3492 (UC1534825, RSA387608, UCR48164,
NY109492). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Boechera divaricarpa (A. Nelson) A. Love & D. Love - Hybrid rockcress
Occasional, rocky slopes in scrub, pinyon, woodland or subalpine forest, 8000-12000 ft along the length of
the range [syn. Arabis divaricarpa A. Nelson]. Inyo: none. Mono: Paiute Mountain, 11590 ft, Morefield
2418 (NY109551). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Boechera drummondii ( A.Gray ) A.Love & D.Love – Drummond’s rockcress
Occasional, moist turf, meadows, and riparian borders, 7000-11000 ft along the length of the range.[syn.
Arabis drummondii A. Gray] Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, 10500 ft, W.H.Shockley 500 (JEPS53068)
UCrooked Cr, 9500 ft, Duran 1536 (UC1364132) Ucanyon North Fork Chiatovich Creek, 10100 ft, Morefield
et al. 4572 (NY110886) Uridge NE Tres Plumas Meadow, 10500 ft, Morefield 2232 (NY110886) Uhead
Cottonwood Creek, 11600 ft, Dedecker 6011 (RSA627434). Esmeralda: Trial Canyon, 9000 ft, Morefield
4674 (NY110888). Mineral: none.
Boechera exilis (A. Nelson) Dorn – Droop-pod
Infrequent, sagebrush flats and alpine, 10000-12500 ft on the southern end of the range. [syn. Arabis
holboellii Hornem. var. pendulocarpa (Nelson) Rollins]. Inyo: Reed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21013
(UC1075849, NY224469). Mono: Campito Meadow, G.K. Helmkamp 4328 (UCR121753) USheep Mountain,
12100 ft, Mitchell 2223 (UC1389258). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Boechera glaucovalvula (M.E.Jones) Al-Shehbaz – Inyo rockcress.
Scattered on alluvial fans in desert scrub, more frequent on calcareous substrata, below 6000 ft along the
western flanks of the range. [syn. Arabis glaucovalva M.E. Jones] Inyo: Marble Fork Black Canyon, 5700 ft,
Duran 2859 (UC1364133). Mono: mouth Pellisier Cr, 5050 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3461 (UC1534913,
NY112333, UCR48329). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Boechera holboellii (Hornem.) A. Löve & D. Löve var. pinetorum (Tidestr.) Dorn
Infrequent, open pinyon woodland, subalpine forest, and sagebrush flats, 7500-10000 ft throughout the length
of the range. Our plants are all of the unbranched, single-stemmed habit, as discussed Holmgren et al. (2005)
they are undescribed. [syn. Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. pinetorum (Tidestrom) Rollins] Inyo: Westgard Pass, N.
& P.K. Holmgren 13081 (NY748439), 13091 (NY695250), 13092 (NY695251). Mono: Falls Canyon, just S of upper
Falls, 7600 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3505 (UC1535064, NY112496). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
Montgomery Pass, 7132 ft, R.C.&K.C.Rollins 81-132 (NY112477).
Boechera holboellii (Hornem.) A.Löve & D.Löve var. secunda (Howell) Dorn.
Frequent, desert scrub, open pinyon woodland, subalpine forest, and sagebrush flats, 7500-10000 ft
throughout the length of the range [syn. Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydb.] Inyo:
Tollhouse Springs, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9608 (CAS) U1.7 mi NE Antelope Springs, 6170 ft, Morefield
1925 (NY112676). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1578 (UC1364113). Esmeralda: Middle Creek,
8300 ft, Morefield et al. 4626 (NY112677). Mineral: Montgomery Pass, 7200 ft, H.D.D.Ripley & R.C.Barneby
3706 (NY112663, CAS) Ueast side Montgomery Pass, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9541 (CAS).
Boechera inyoensis (Rollins) Al-Shebaz- Inyo rockcress.
Occasional, stony open slopes and flats, below 10500 ft throughout the length of the range [syn. Arabis
inyoensis Rollins]. Inyo: 1.7 mi NE Antelope Springs, 6170 ft, Morefield 1924 (NY112679) U1.8 mi SW
Montenegro Spring, Black Mtn. 9000 ft, Morefield 2134 (NY112680) USilver Canyon, Lloyd 2290
(UC1389264) UStudebaker Flat, S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1282627). Mono: Chiatovich Creek, 9600 ft, Mitchell
2087 (UC1389298) Unorth wall McAfee Creek about 1 mile above mouth, 6700 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty
3628 (UC1545342); 3629 (UC1545343, NY112678) UBusher Creek, 5910 ft, Morefield & R.T.Jones 4831
(NY112689) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, Dedecker 2211 (RSA617017) UWhite Mtn Peak, 13000 ft, K.&M. Heil
8476 (SJNM19341) UFalls Canyon, Morefield 3505 (UC1535064). Esmeralda: Mustang Mountain, just
south of Mineral Benchmark, 10200 ft, Taylor 15253 (UC). UMiddle Creek, Morefield 4636 (NY639765).
Boechera lemmonii (S.Watson) W.A.Weber var. depauperata (Nelson & Kenn.) Auct.-
Occasional, alpine snowbeds, and rocky to sandy subalpine slopes, above 11000 ft along the length of the
range. [syn. Arabis lemmonii S. Watson var. depauperata (Nelson & Kenn.) Rollins]. Inyo: none. Mono: ridge
just south White Mountain Peak, 12000 ft, Duran 1636 (UC1364115) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, Dedecker 1257
(RSA624132) Uhill south of Mt. Barcroft, 12900 ft, Taylor 5214 (JEPS90232) Uvicinity Sheep Mtn,
Dedecker 5842 (RSA625895, UCR110340); 1.5 mi NE, 11350 ft, Morefield 2295 (NY114252) Uvicinity
Patriarch Grove Dedecker s.n. (RSA627421); 1.5 mi S11200 ft, N.H&P.K.Holmgren 6239 (NY112750) Uhead
of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26132 (NY112745) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, DeDecker 2227
(RSA616562). Esmeralda: Boundary Peak, 12000 ft, A. Pinzl 2394 (NY112746); 11000 ft, 4447 (NY112747)
UMiddle Creek headwaters, 10000 ft, Taylor 8856 (RSA). Mineral: none.
Boechera lemmonii (S.Watson) W.A.Weber var. lemmonii – John G. Lemmon’s rockcress
Frequent, fine to gravelly soils at timberline, and in the alpine, above 10000 ft along the length of the range.
[syn. Arabis lemmonii S. Watson var. lemmonii]. Inyo: none. Mono: vicinity Barcroft Lab, R.Bacagalupi et al.
8114 (JEPS28245, UTC116628); Dedecker 1274 (RSA624274) Unear Big Prospector Meadow, 10500 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7334 (JEPS53042) UPatriarch Grove, Dedecker 6024 (RSA627422)UPellisier Flats, 12900 ft,
Mitchell 2188 (UC1299907) UMcAfee Meadow, Duran 2831 (UC1364111, UC1364151); s.n. (UC1364114) U3
mile South of Barcroft Lab, 12500 ft, J.M.Tucker 2261 (UC984794) UWhite Mtn Peak, 13100 ft, Duran 2611
(UC1364116); 13000 ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26078 (UC739187, NY112732); 13400 ft, K. & M. Hiel
8484 (SJNM19349); 13600 ft, J.&L. Roos 5144 (RSA). UMiddle Creek headwaters, 10000 ft, Taylor 8854
(RSA). Esmeralda County; Mineral: none
Boechera lignifera (A. Nelson) W.A. Weber -
Uncommon, dry slopes in gravelly soils, sagebrush scrub, 8000-9500 ft on the northeastern end of the
range; where disjunct from central Nevada, thence in the e Great Basin. [syn. Arabis lignifera A. Nelson]
Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: Middle Creek, 8300 ft, Morefield 4637 (RSA). Mineral: none.
Boechera lyallii (S.Watson) Dorn – David Lyall’s rockcress
Occasional, rock crevices in montane or subalpine canyons, and more commonly on open alpine slopes,
above 11500 ft throughout the length of the range. Our plants are consistently small and correspond to
Arabis lyallii S. Watson var. nubigena (J.F. Macbr. & Payson) Rollins. Inyo: none. Mono: hill south of Mt.
Barcroft, 12900 ft, Taylor 5213 (JEPS90226) UPatriarch Grove, W.G. Abbott s.n. (SBBG72386) Ujust south
Barcroft Lab, 12450 ft, Bacagalupi et al. 8162 (JEPS29032) UNorth Fork Perry Aiken Creek, 11000 ft,
Morefield & T.S.Ross 4709 (UC1545418, NY114326) U1.5 mi NE Sheep Mtn, 11350 ft, Morefield 2294
(NY114328) Uridge NE Tres Plumas meadow, 10500 ft, Morefield 2232 (NY114329) UMontgomery Creek-
Middle Creek divide, 11200 ft, Morefield et al. 4093 (NY114327) Uvicinity Piute Mountain, Morefield 4727
(NY639735). Esmeralda: Middle Creek headwaters, 10000 ft, Taylor 8852 (RSA). Mineral: none
Boechera microphylla (Nuttall) Dorn var. microphylla- small leaved rockcress.
Infrequent, stony windswept ridges and warmer canyon slopes, at 7000-10000 ft on the northern end of
range. [syn. Arabis microphylla Nutt. var. microphylla - var. saximontana Rollins of Additions V, Arabis
fernaldiana Rollins var. stylosa (S.Watson) Rollins misapplied by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973] ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚
Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 8900 ft, Mitchell 2019 (UC1389265); 10300 ft, T.S. Elias & K.A.
Teare 10473 (RSA389310). Esmeralda: Middle Creek, Morefield & R.A.Price 4632 (NY114396). Mineral:
none.
Boechera pendulina (Greene) W. A. Weber – pendent rockcress.
Uncommon, subalpine woodland on dolomite, 9500-11000 ft in the central part of the range. Not attributed
to CA in either Rollins (1993) nor the Jepson Manual, but known to Lloyd & Mitchell (1973). The Duran
specimen, annotated by Rollins in 1966, is somewhat fragmentary and recollection is well warranted. [syn.
Arabis pendulina Greene var. pendulina; IMF Bochera demissa (Greene) W.A. Weber var. pendulina (Greene)
N. Holmgren] Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 10000 ft, Duran 1647a (UC1364131). Esmeralda:
Boechera perennans (S. Watson) W. A. Weber –
Occasional, desert scrub communities below about 7000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. [syn. Arabis
perennans S. Watson]. Inyo: Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran s.n. (UC1364129) UMarble Canyon of Black
Canyon, M. Dedecker 3851 (RSA621498) Usouthwest flank Black Mtn, 5300 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty
3372 (NY114695) Umouth Wyman Canyon, N. H. & P.K. Holmgren 13080 (NY748447). Mono: none;
Boechera pinzliae (Rollins) Al-Shehbaz – Boundary Peak rock cress
Uncommon, deep snowbeds on fine, well drained gruss or sandy sites, at 11000-13000 ft on the northern
end of the range; elsewhere, disjunct westward to a single known site in the cSNH. ‚ CNPS List 1B.3 ‚
[syn. Arabis pinzlae Rollins] Inyo: none. Mono: S saddle of hill 11513 on the Montgomery-Marble Creek
divide, 11200 ft, Morefield et al. 4124 (NY114699) USE rim of Perry Aiken Flat, 10850 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 4162 (NY114700) UCanyon of N fork of Chiatovich Creek 2.0 miles NE of Mt. Dubois summit,
10200 ft, Morefield & T.S.Elias 4581 (NY114701) UN fork of Chiatovich Creek, 10600 ft, Morefield 4584
(RSA424883). Esmeralda: Boundary Peak, 11200 ft, A. Pinzl 2397 in 1979 (NSMC);
4442 (holotype GH18770, isotypes GH56269, NY172638, NSMC); 10200 ft, 4438 (NY114698, NSMC) UTrail
Canyon, 10550 ft, Morefield 4658 (NY114697); 10000 ft, 4656 (NY14696). Mineral: none.
Boechera platysperma (A.Gray) Al-Shehbaz var. platysperma - Sierra rockcress.
Occasional, fine or well drained soils in open forest, scrub, and canyon bottoms, at 9000-11000 ft on the
northern end of the range. [Arabis platysperma A. Gray var. platysperma]. Inyo: none. Mono: none;
Esmeralda: cited by Rollins, Cont. Gray Herb. 212:103-114. 1982 as present, based on A. Pinzl material,
presumably at GH. Mineral: none.
Boechera platysperma (A.Gray) Al-Shehbaz var. howellii (S. Watson) Auct.
Infrequent, well drained snowbeds in subalpine forest or alpine settings, at 10000-12000 ft in the central
portion of the range. [syn. Arabis platysperma A. Gray var. howellii (S. Watson) Jepson] Inyo: none. Mono:
White Mountains, 11000 ft, W.H.Shockley 591 (JEPS53125). Esmeralda: bowl on NE face Boundary Peak,
Ann Pinzl 3529, 3540 (NSMC); Mineral: none.
Boechera puberula (Nuttall) Dorn – barely hariy rockcress

Frequent, open to closed pinyon woodland, desert scrub, at 6000-10000 ft throughout the length of the
range. [syn Arabis puberula Nutt.] Inyo: White Mountains, 7000 ft, C.A.Purpus 5796 (UC136190) UCedar
Flat, S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1282630). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Sand Spring Canyon 1.5 mi N Pinyon Hill, 6200
ft, Morefield 2008 (NY114749) UN branch of Trail Canyon 0.6 mile ESE of Kennedy Point, 9150 ft, Morefield
4688 (NY114750) UTrail Canyon, 7800 ft, Duran 2746 (UC) UChiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran s.n. (UC)
UAlbert Mine, Queen Canyon, 8200 ft, Taylor 15232 (UC). Mineral: Montgomery Pass, 7132 ft,
R.C&K.W.Rollins 81-131 (NY114743).
Boechera pulchra (M. E. Jones ex S.Watson) W.A.Weber var. gracilis (M. E. Jones) Dorn
Common, rocky slopes in desert scrub, pinyon woodland, and subalpine forest, below 8500 ft along the
length of the range. [Arabis pulchra M.E. Jones var. gracilis M.E. Jones] Inyo: Westgard Pass, 6800 ft,
R.S.Ferris & R.Bacagalupi 8055 (UC495363) UBlack Canyon mouth, 5200 ft, Taylor 6848 (JEPS90254)
UMarble Fork, 5600 ft, Duran 2628 (UC1364160) UTollhouse Springs, 7000 ft, Duran 3551 (UC1364130)
U3 mi up Mollie Gibson Canyon, 7950 ft, Lloyd 2942 (UC1389285) U2 mi W Cedar Flat on road to Poleta
Mine, 7900 ft, Taylor 6441 (JEPS) UWhite Mtn Rd on Campito Sandstone, 8600 ft, Mitchell 2391
(UC1389302) U1.45 mi NE Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3409 (UC1534838, NY119419)
U0.7 mi WSW Wyman Creek narrows, 6650 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3653 (UC1545365, NY119372,
RSA437022, UCR59967) USilver Canyon, 6950 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 4269 (UC735996); Umouth
Payson Canyon, M. Dedecker s.n. (RSA615503). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, NE slope Boundary
Peak, 8000 ft, P.Train 3959 (NY119413) U2 miles N Sugarloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15275 (UC). Mineral:
near Montgomery Pass, 7130 ft, R.C & K.W.Rollins 81-130 (NY119409).
Boechera pulchra (M. E. Jones ex S.Watson) W.A.Weber var. pulchra
Common, rocky slopes in desert scrub, pinyon woodland, and subalpine forest, below 10500 ft along the
length of the range, usually on granitics [syn. Arabis pulchra M.E. Jones var. pulchra, including Arabis
pulchra M.E. Jones var. munciensis M. E. Jones ] Inyo: mouth Payson Canyon, M. Dedecker 1762
(RSA615503); I.L. Wiggins 8805 (UC652717) USilver Canyon, A.A.Heller 8191 (NY119414) UBlack Canyon,
Duran s.n. (UC1364112) U0.7 mi WSW Wyman Creek narrows, 6650 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3652
(NY119421, RSA437021) UWyman Canyon, 7900 ft, Taylor & Clifton 10060 (JEPS) UBlack Canyon mouth,
4600 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 2616 (NY119418) UGilbert Pass, R.S. Ferris & R. Bacigalupi 8055
(UC495363). Mono: mouth Rock Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3480 (UC1534814, NY119420,
UCR47815). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: Miller Mt., W of Columbus Salt Marsh, W-NW of the peak, 6000 ft,
385'N/1186'W, A.Tiehm 11621 (NY114843) is the most proximal record.
Boechera shockleyi (Munz) Dorn - Candellaria rockcress
Scattered, limestone or other calcareous rock outcrops in pinyon woodland or scrub, 6000-8000 ft on the
southern end of the range [syn. Arabis shockleyi Munz]. ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: Westgard Pass,
R.Hoffman s.n. (SBBG44405). Mono: north wall McAfee Creek 1 mile above mouth, 6700 ft, Morefield
&D.H.McCarty 3628 (NY119483). Esmeralda: none, although the type was collected at Candellaria to our
north, Shockley 336 (holotype GH18793, isotype US4085). Mineral: none.
Boechera sparsiflora (Nuttall) Dorn var. subvillosa (S. Watson) Dorn –
Uncommon, known only from the southerly flanks of the range [syn. Arabis sparsiflora Nutt. var. subvillosa
(S. Watson) Rollins] Inyo: canyon northeast of Antelope Springs, 6050 ft, Morefield 1921 (NY224468, see
Addtions III). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Brassica L. Mustard
1. Middle and upper cauline leaves sessile and auriculate; silique beak 10-15 mm long; leaves not glaucous
............................................................................................................................................................. B. rapa
1' Middle and upper cauline leaves short-petiolate or sessile, not auriculate; siliques 1-2 cm ................. B. nigra
*Brassica nigra (L.) Koch - Black Mustard.
Occasional weed of moist sites, roadsides, below 7000 ft on the southwest flanks of the range. Inyo: Silver
Canyon, 4940 ft, 3rd stream crossing up from Owens Valley, 4940 ft, Morefield 2214 (NY119763). Mono:
*Brassica rapa L. - Rape [>Canola=]
Sporadic weed of moist sites, roadsides, below 7000 ft on the southwest flanks of the range. [syn. B.
campestris L.] Inyo: spring at head Marble Canyon, Lloyd 3122 (UC1389281). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Capsella Medikus Shepard's Purse

*Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus
Occasional weed of moist sites, roadsides, sporadic about camps where stock were present, below 8000 ft on
the southeast flanks of the range. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8100 ft, Morefield 2180
(NY119849). Mono: Barcfoft Gate, 11600 ft, T. Spira 390 (JEPS85258). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 7.5 mi W
Rte. 264, 7200 ft, G.T. Austin s.n. (NSMC). Mineral: none.
Cardamine L. Bitter-cress, Toothwort

Ours are annual; fruits explosively dehiscent - perennials not yet documented
1. Basal rosette well developed; lower stem pubescent ............................................................... C. oligosperma
1' Basal rosette not well developed, the lower leaves fully withered and or gone by flowering; lower stem
glabrous ..................................................................................................................................C. pennsylvanica
Cardamine oligosperma Torrey & A. Gray - Wintercress.
Infrequent, shaded damp crevices, moist creekbanks, below 9000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo:
none; Mono: none; Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8070 ft, Morefield 3087 (NY119962) UMiddle Creek Canyon, 8170
ft, Morefield et al. 4223 (NY119961) Uupper Middle Creek, A. Pinzl 4425 (NSMC, Addtions II). Mineral: none.
Cardamine pensylvanica Willd. - Eastern Wintercress.
Infrequent, shaded damp crevices, moist creekbanks, below 9000 ft. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6000 ft, Mooney
134 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); Mono: none; Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3068
(NY119969). Mineral: none.
Cardaria Desv. Hoary Cress

*Cardaria pubescens (C. Meyer) Jarmol.
Occasional weed of dry roadsides, overgrazed sites, below 8000 ft on the southeast flanks of the range. Inyo:
Silver Canyon, 5500 ft, Morefield 2217 (NY120047). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Caulanthus S. Watson
1. Annuals; siliques reflexed
2. Lower cauline eaves petiolate; leaves and lower stem hispid
................................................................................................................................................ C. lasiophyllus
2’ Lower cauline eaves sessile & clasping; leaves and lower stem glabrous & glaucous
stems irregularly twisted, often twining through desert shrubs ...................................................... C. cooperi
1' Perennial or monocarpic and biennial; stems stout and erect
3. Stems pubescent ........................................................................................................................... C. pilosus
3' Stems glabrous (ignore an occasional stray trichome)
4' Stems inflated at base;sepals saccate at base; stigma lobes >0.5 mm ............................ C .crassicaulis
4' Stems not inflated at base; sepals not saccate at base; stigma lobes minute ........................ C. glaucus
Caulanthus cooperi (S. Watson) Payson - twining mustard.
Occasional, bases of rocks, and twining up through desert shrub crowns, below 7000 ft on the southern
flanks of the range. Inyo: Marble Fork of Black Canyon, 5600 ft, Duran 2720 (UC588172, UC1364139)
Udrainage NE of Wyman Canyon, 6160 ft, Morefield 3543 (UC1534893, NY120079) Uwestern base Black
Mountain, 4350 ft, Morefield 3365 (UC1535190, (NY120080) Umouth Black Canyon, 3600 ft, Morefield
2632 (UC1550037) Unear Laws, A.A.Heller 8184 (DS, NY120083) UTollhouse Springs, A.Eastwood &
J.T.Howell 9096 (CAS). Mono: 1 mile up Coldwater Canyon, 5450 ft, Morefield 3417 (UC1534846,
NY120081, UCR47445). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Caulanthus crassicaulis (Torrey) S. Watson var. crassicaulis - Thick-stem wild cabbage
Infrequent, stony dark rock or easterly facing slopes in pinyon woodland, 6000-10500 ft throughout the
range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 3158 (UC1364135), 3047 (UC477442, SD1926); 9500 ft, Duran
1925 (UC1364136, JEPS27104) U8.7 miles down Wyman Canyon, Lloyd 3032 (UC1389304); 7600 ft, Lloyd
2765 (UC1387275) UBlue Star Mill site, 7700 ft, F.W.Hoffman 3879 (UC1492776) Ueast side Westgard
Pass, 7000 ft, W.Hovanitz s.n. (UC572191). Mono: none; Esmeralda: 2 mi N Sugarloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor
15267 (UC). Mineral: Montgomery Pass [‘Sunland’], 7500 ft, A.A. Heller 10506 (RENO, holotype, NY30074,
US509777 isotypes of C. senilis A. Heller, a synomym]
Caulanthus glaucus S. Watson - Glaucous jewelflower.
Frequent in pinyon woodland on steep, rocky slopes (frequently on dark andesite), at 5000-10000 ft along
the length of the range Inyo: Silver Canyon, 5850 ft, A.M.Alexander & L. Kellogg 4263 (UC736021); 5400 ft,
F.W.Hoffman 3866 (UC1492740); 7100 ft, 3878 (UC1492741); 7000 ft, Mitchell 2504 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973); 7500 ft, W.L. Jepson 7221 (SD58237) U1.45 mi NE Poleta Mine, 3950 ft, Morefield 3376
(UC1535093) UTollhouse Springs, A.Eastwood & J.T. Howell 9609 (CAS) UBlack Canyon, 5600 ft, Duran
2627 (UC477443, SD1923) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Dedecker 3848 (RSA620568) UGunter
Canyon, Dedecker 6342 (RSA626440). Mono: 1 mile up Coldwater Canyon, 5450 ft, Morefield 3416
(UC1534845, MO00969521, UCR47444). Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, A. Tiehm 7709 (NY430499).
Mineral: none.
Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Hooker & Arnott) Payson –
Occassional, only in wet years, desert scrub communities below 7000 ft on the southerly flanks of the range.
[JM - Guillenia lasiophylla (Hook. & Arn.) Greene] Inyo: southwest base Black Mtn, 4350 ft, Morefield 3366
(NY120128) Umouth Black Canyon, 4600 ft, Morefield 2631 (NY120129). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Caulanthus pilosus S. Watson - Pinyon jewelflower
Frequent in pinyon woodland on steep, rocky slopes (frequently on dark andesite), at 5000-10000 ft along
the length of the range. A related unescribed species, C.’ sierrae’ (Buck 1993, ined.), with dark purple
sepals and larger seeds (>2mm) may occur in the northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: 1.4 mi SE
Marble Creek mouth, 5810 ft, Morefield &D.H.McCarty 3772 (NY120232, UCR60065, UC1545386).
Esmeralda: Sand Spring Canyon, 1.5 mi N Pinyon Hill, 6200 ft, Morefield et al. 4397 (NY120179); 6200 ft,
Morefield 2011 (NY120163) UNear Trail Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2749 (NY120183, CAS) UIndian Creek,
8500 ft, Lankester 801 (BM, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mineral: east side Montgomery Pass, A.
Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9540 (CAS).
Chorispora R. Brown ex deCandolle

*Chorispora tenella (Pallas) deCandolle – Purple mustard
Infrequent weed of the Owens Valley and to be expected on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Hammil
Valley, Dedecker 5328 (RSA621362, UCR110118) is the only regional voucher. Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Descurania Webb & Berth. Tansy Mustard

1. Siliques with seeds biseriate .............................................................................................................. D. pinnata
2. Fruiting pedicles diverging at 45E from the inflorescence axis; hairs not dense
3' Petals 1.5 mm long or less; pedicles <6mm long, siliques <8 mm long
............................................................................................................................ D. pinnata ssp. nelsonii
3' Petals 2 mm long or more; pedicles > 6 mm, siliques > 8 mm
.................................................................................................................... D. pinnata ssp. intermedium
2' Fruiting pedicles diverging at >75E from the inflorescence axis; hairs dense to subglabrous
4' Leaf divisions blunt, ovate to oblanceolate; plants subglabrous ...........................D. pinnata ssp. glabra
4' Leaf divisions narrowly oblong to linear
5. Petals 1.2-2 mm long, very pale yellow; basal leaves canescent............. D. pinnata ssp. halictorum
5' Petals 2.5-3 mm long, bright yellow; basal leaves greenish D. pinnata ssp. menziesii
1' Siliques with seeds uniseriate
6. Siliques 2-5 mm long; seeds 3-5 per locule
7. Siliques fusiform, 0.9-1.2 mm thick; style at anthesis 0.3-0.6 mm ...................................... D. californica
7’ Siliques clavate or obovate, 1.1-1.6 mm thick, style < 0.3 mm
not yet documented ..................................................................................... D. paradisa ssp. nevadensis
6' Siliques >6 mm; seeds several
7. Fruiting pedicles erect to ascending at acute angle; inflorescence axis pubescent .................. D. incana
7' Fruiting pedicles spreading at "40-50Eangle; inflorescence axis glabrous
8. Septum with 2 or 3 veins; fruit 10-35 mm long; leaves bipinnate to tripinnate; petals >2.5 mm long
................................................................................................................................ D. sophia
8' Septum with 1 or no veins; fruit 5-16 mm leaves lobed to pinnate; petals 2 mm long ..........................
9. Pedicles becoming smaller upwards, >12 mm ............................................. D. incisa ssp. filipes
9' Pedicles uniform, 5-10 mm long ................................................................... D. incisa ssp. incisa
Descurainia californica (A. Gray) O. Schulz - Mono Lake tansy-mustard
Frequent, mesic canyon bottom settings, montane flats, at 6000-10500 ft throughout the range. The similar
D. paradisa (A. Nelson & P.B. Kennedy) O.E. Schulz ssp. nevadensis Rollins is documented from the Silver
Peak Range to our east, and should be sought in our area. Inyo: mouth Wyman Canyon, R.S.Ferris 1360
(DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWyman Canyon near the top, 9700 ft, Lloyd 2821 (UC1389321); 8600
ft, Dedecker 5508 (RSA625240) UBirch Cr, Deep Springs Valley drainage, 7000 ft, Morefield & A.Tiehm 2023
(NY125728) USilver Canyon east of Laws, A.A.Heller 8218 (UC162416, NY125729); 5800 ft, Lloyd 2865
(UC1389320) UWestgard Pass, 7400 ft, Lloyd 2899 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: Crooked Creek,
10000 ft, Lloyd 3151 (UC1389308), 3282 (UC1389296); Duran 1573 (UC1364118); S.F. Cook s.n.
(UC1282596); 8300 ft, T.E. Lewis 77 (CHSC27686) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3063
(UC1311801) UBig Prospector Meadow, W.L. Jepson 7352 (JEPS53450). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft,
Lankester 735 (BM); Mineral: none.
Descurainia incana (Fischer & C. Meyer) Dorn – Richardson’s tansy-mustard
Infrequent, mesic canyon bottom settings, montane flats, at 6000-10500 ft throughout the range. [syns = D.
richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz var. macrosperma O.E. Schulz & var. viscosa (Rydb.) Detling; var. sonnei
(Robinson) Greene)] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 8700 ft, Lloyd 2846 (UC1389300). Mono: McAfee Meadow, B.
Maguire & A. H. Holmgren 26081 (UC701897, NY125783). Esmeralda: just below upper spring in Trail
Canyon, 9600 ft, Morefield et al. 4323 (NY125988) UChiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3097 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Descurainia incisa (A. Gray) Britton ssp. filipes (A. Gray) Rollins – western tansy-muystard
Uncommon, mesic canyon bottom settings below 8000 ft on the western flanks of the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Marble Creek 0.3 mi above mouth, 6750 ft, Morefield 3763 (NY125848, UCR60058, UC1545398) U1
mi E Piute Mountain, Duran 1664 (JEPS53403) UBig Prospector Meadow, J. Grinnell s.n. (JEPS53416)
UWhite Mountains, Shockley 471 (JEPS53454). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. glabra (Wooton & Standley) Detling -
Frequent, mesic canyon bottom settings, montane flats, aspen groves, at 5500-10500 ft throughout the range.
Inyo: southwest base Black Mtn, 4350 ft, Morefield 3367 (UC1535192, NY125852) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft,
Duran 534 (UC439792) USilver Canyon, 7100 ft, Lloyd 2857 (UC1389260) U7.3 miles down Wyman Canyon,
8000 ft, Lloyd 3041 (UC1389322) Umouth Wyman Canyon, R.S.Ferris & R.Bacagalupi 8050 (UC499800). Mono:
1.5 mi below mouth Pellisier Creek, 5050 ft, Morefield 3467 (UC1534918, NY125853, UCR48335). Esmeralda:
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. halictorum (Cockerel) Detling –
Infrequent, open pinyon woodland, sagebrush, desert scrub in canyons, below 8000 ft on the southern
flanks of the range. Inyo: canyon 2.6 mi NW Antelope Springs, 7300 ft, Morefield (Additions III). Mono:
Cottonwood Creek, 8000 ft, Duran s.n. (JEPS53404. SD1936). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. menziesii (deCandolle) Detling - Archibald Menzies’ tansy-muystard
Infrequent, open grassy riparian sites and springs, desert scrub in canyons, below 8000 ft on the southerly
flanks of the range [IMF. D. pinnata var. osmarium (Cockerell) Shinners]. Inyo: 2.4 mi NW Antelope Springs,
7300 ft, Morefield 2040 (NY125916) UFish Lake Valley, 7200 ft, Dedecker 5587 (RSA626179) USilver
Canyon, A.A. Heller 8218 (NY125729). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. nelsonii (Rydberg) Detling – Aven Nelson’s tansy-muystard
Infrequent, open grassy riparian sites and springs, desert scrub in canyons, below 8000 ft on the northern
flanks of the range. Apparently not documented for California. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Sand
Spring, 2.1 mi N Pinyon Hill, 5500 ft, Morefield et al. 4394 (NY125937); 4393 (NY125936). Mineral: none.
*Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb – Flixweed
Frequent, disturbed sites, roadsides, open pinyon woodland, desert scrub, washes, below 9000 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, V.Duran 1730 (UC1364120) U7.3
miles down Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Lloyd 3040 (UC1389259) UWestgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n.
(SBBG72186); 1 mile W of , 7100 ft, Lloyd 2763 (UC1389271); 7.4 mi W, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2666 (UC1389277).
Mono: alluvial fan SW Morris Creek, 6380 ft, Morefield 3786 (NY126140, UCR60096, UC1545375)
UBarcroft Gate, 11100 ft, T. Spira 395 (JEPS85262). Esmeralda: Sand Spring, 2.1 mi N Pinyon Hill, 5500 ft,
Morefield et al. 4392 (NY126127). Mineral: none.
Draba L.
Reference: R.Rollins & R.A.Price. 1988, Aliso 12:17-27; R.A. Price & R.C. Rollins (1987)
1. Flowers yellow
2. Biennial or short-lived perennial; inflorescence dichotomously branched ................................... D. albertina
2' Long lived perennials, cushion plants, inflorescence not dichotomous
3. Leaves prominently ciliate with long, simple trichomes, the surface glabrous .................... D. densifolia
3' Leaves pubescent on surface with branched or stellate hairs
4' Lower leaf surface sparsely to densely covered with pectinately branched sessile triochmes; siliques
sparsely pubescent with simple to pectinate, sessile trichomes; infructescence axis elongated 3-7 x
silique length..................................................................................................................... D. oligosperma
4' All leaf surfaces and siliques with a tangle of dendritically branched, non-sessile trichomes;
infructescence axis 2-4 x silique length, subumbellate ............................................ D. subumbellata ‚
1' Flowers white
5. Annual, Biennial or very short-lived perennial;
6' Trichomes simple or 2(3) branched at most
X= Annual; siliques lanceolate to oblong; infructescence dense, the fruits approximate; the nodes not well
separated D. cuneifolia
D= Siliques with simple or forked trichomes; style scarcely evident; lower stem trichomes simple or
rarely forked ........................................................................................... D. cuneifolia var. cuneifolia
E= Siliques with 3-4 rayed stellate trichomes; style evident, forming an apiculation on the mature
siliques .................................................................................................. D. cuneifolia var. integrifolia
a= Biennial, siliques linear, inflorescence dichotomously branched ............................................ D. albertina
6' Trichomes stellate with >4 branches; inflorescence with zig-zag appearance .............. D. lonchopcarpa ‚
5' Longer lived perennials, cushion plants or densely pulvinate
7' Leaf trichomes simple or forked; siliques ovate to elliptical, less than 2x as long as broad; inflorescence
leafy-bracteate ................................................................................................................... D. monoensis ‚
7' Leaf frichomes stellate; silques lanceolate to oblong, more than 2x as long as broad; inflorescence
ebracteate or with a stray uncommon bract

8 Fruit twisted into a spiral, densely stellate-pubescent; lower leaf surface with minute dendritic
trichomes; cauline leaves entire............................................................................................... D. breweri
8' Fruit not twisted, sparsely pubescent with simple or forked trichomes; lower leaf surface and stems with
four to seven-rayed stellate trichomes; cauline leaves usually dentate
....................................................................................................................................... D. californica ‚
Draba albertina Greene - slender whitlowgrass.
Occasional, damp meadows (often on pocket gopher disturbance), streambanks, moist turf communities,
9000-13000 ft along the length of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: White Mountains, W.H.Shockey 446
(JEPS53532) UTres Plumas Meadow, 10150 ft, Morefield 2266 (NY90251) U1.8 mi SE Barcroft Gate, 11650
ft, Morefield 2314 (NY90252); Price 595 (cited by Rollins & Price) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, 12400 ft, Taylor
5201 (UC1548508); 9147 (UC1548505) UMt Barcroft, C.W.Sharsmith 7836 (SJSU6151) Uheadwaters Milner
Creek, 12300 ft, Taylor et al. 9158 (UC1548485, UC1548486) UGranite Meadow, Taylor 9170 (UC1548506)
UMcAfee Meadow, 11500 ft, Duran 2819 (GH, UC1364155, UTC126755); J&L. Roos 5136 in part (GH)
UCampito Meadow, 10800 ft, W.L.Jepson 7333 (JEPS89090); Dedecker 5845 (UCR111718) UCrooked Creek
lab, 10140 ft, Lloyd 2634 (UC1299857) UMontgomery Creek-Middle Creek divide, 11200 ft, Morefield et al.
4128 (GH, RSA). Uheadwaters Middle Creek, 11200 ft, Taylor 8855 (RSA) Esmeralda: southwest spur
Mustang Mtn between Horseshoe Rock and Kennedy Point, 10200 ft, Morefield 4046.1 (RSA) UMustang
Peak, J.C. &.L.Roos 1041 (RSA); Mineral: none.
Draba breweri S. Watson var. breweri – William H. Brewer=s draba.
Occasional in the alpine, frequently in solifluction sites, at 11000-13000 in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: none; Mono: White Mountains, W.H.Shockley 439 (syntypes NY185255, JEPS43588, UC117751);
Duran 1642 (JEPS53483) Ujust above Barcroft lab, 12400 ft, R.A.Price 818a (GH); Bacagalupi et al. 8122
(JEPS28253) USheep Mountain, W.L.Jepson 7322 (JEPS53484) UNorth Fork Perry Aiken Creek, 11950 ft,
Morefield & T.S.Ross 4707 (UC1545416) UWhite Mountain Peak, K.&M. Heil 8478 (SJNM19343). Esmeralda:
Draba californica (Jepson) Rollins & R.A. Price - Bristlecone draba
Frequent, gravels, sand or gruss, solifluction boils and in disturbed sites, 10000-14000 ft in the central
portion of the range. ‚ CNPS List 4.2 ‚ Endemic to the White Mountains. Inyo: none; Mono: Patriarch
Grove, R.A.Price 894 (GH) UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7261 (JEPS2562, holotype,
isotype JEPS53495); 10,300 ft, Taylor 9139 (UC1548511) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, R.A.Price 593 (GH ), 818
(GH) 853 (GH, UC1548481); M.DeDecker 1258 (GH, RSA624131); J.M.Tucker 2263 (UC984794); T.Spria 400
(JEPS85265); Taylor 5200 (UC1548512); Taylor 9144 (UC1548513); Morefield 2313 (NY762420) Uhead
Cottonwood Creek drainage, Dedecker 2212 (RSA617016), 2233 (RSA360300, RSA616572), 6366
(RSA627131); Thorne et al. 38643 (RSA291818) Uroad to White Mtn Peak, 13100 ft, J. Pawek 58-19
(UC1113376); Ueast slope Mt. Barcroft, R.A.Price 812 (UC) UMcAfee Meadow, Lloyd 3304 (GH, RSA202909,
UC1389283); Duran 2820 (GH, UC1364154); J.&L.Roos 5136 (GH, RSA71685) Uflanks Paiute Mountain,
Lloyd 3290 (GH, UC1389263); Dedecker 5845 (RSA625892, UCR110341) UCampito sandstone east of
Sheep Mtn, Mooney et al. 580 (DS); UHead of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26142 (GH,
POM302303, UC933516) Uvicinity Crooked Creek lab, J.M.Tucker 3425 (RSA119101, UC1080518)
UPellisier Flats, Mitchell 2207 (UC1299893, NY762419). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Flats, 10600 ft, Taylor 8071
Draba cuneifolia Torrey & A. Gray var. cuneifolia - wedgeleaf draba.
Infrequent, sandy to gravelly open sites below about 7000 ft, often on calcareous substrata, on the southern
end of the range. Inyo: 1.7 mi NE Antelope Springs, 5810 ft, Morefield 1942 (NY90356) UMarble Fork of
Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2227 (UC1364159). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Draba cuneifolia Torrey & A. Gray var. integrifolia S. Watson –
Infrequent, sandy to gravelly open sites below about 7000 ft, often on calcareous substrata, on the southern
end of the range. Inyo: Marble Fork of Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran M36 (UC1364148),. Mono: none;
Draba densifolia Nuttall - pincushion draba.
Occasional, winter snowfree alpine sites, talus cones, and avalanche paths, at 10000-13000 ft along the
length of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: Montgomery Creek-Marble Creek divide, 11330 ft, Morefield et al.
4129.0 (NY90437, UC1534938) UNorth Fork Perry Aiken Creek, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4716 (UC1545402)
UIndian Creek, T. E. Lankester 848 (UC1419875) UPellisier Flats, 12300 ft, Taylor obs (Additions II).
Esmeralda: southwest spur of Mustang Mountain between Horseshoe Rock & Kennedy Point, head of Queen
Canyon, 10200 ft, Morefield 4046.1 (NY90422) Unortheast side Boundary Peak, A.Pinzl 2409 (NSMC,
Additions II). Mineral: none.
Draba lonchocarpa Rydberg var. lonchocarpa - lancepod draba
Rare, alpine snowbeds at 11000-12000 ft on the dolomite barrens in the central part of the range. ‚ CNPS
List 2.3 ‚ Second known CA station, widely disjunct (cf. Major & Bamberg 1963). Inyo: none; Mono:
northeast base Sheep Mountain, 11960 ft, Taylor 16175 (JEPS90149, UC1731806). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Draba monoensis Rollins & R.A.Price - White Mountains Draba.
Occasional in the highest alpine, often on dry flats but with moderate to deep winter snowcover ‚ CNPS List
1B.2 ‚ Endemic to the White Mountains. Inyo: none; Mono: White Mtn Rd before ascent to summit,13100
ft, R.A.Price 815 (holotype GH19040); 13000 ft, Morlefield 4083 (GH, RSA360303); R.A.Price 854 (GH,
UC1548480) Ueast slope Mt. Barcroft near road, R.A.Price 810 (GH) UMcAfee Meadow, Lloyd 3306 (GH,
UC1389261) Uvicinity Barcoft Lab, Lloyd 3255 (GH); 3244 (UC1389262); M.D. Windham 2577 (NY641778)
Ueast rim Pellisier Flats, 13080 ft, Morefield & C.Perala 4834 (NY90501, UC1552051, RSA486169).
Draba oligosperma Hook. - fewseed draba.
Frequent, open subalpine woodland and alpine, 9500-14000 ft along the length of the range [syn. Draba
sierrae Sharsmith, misapplied to White Mountain plants]. Inyo: none; Mono: White Mountains, 10000 ft,
Shockley 455 (holotype GH19087, NY102116, NY185354, UC117764, JEPS53523, US5117, POM90719,
DS95030, isotypes of var. subsessilis (S. Watson) O.E. Schulz, a synonym) UMontgomery Creek-Marble
Creek divide, 11330 ft, Morefield et al. 4129.1 (NY102118) UCottonwood Creek, F.V.Coville & F.Funston
1809 (NY102117) Uvicinity Sheep Mtn, 11500 ft, Morefield 2298 (NY102120); 12300 ft, W.L.Jepson 7312
(JEPS53518); H.A.Mooney et al 571 (DS); 12000 ft, P.Kamb 1240 (UC1178467) Ueast slopes White Mtn
Peak, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26077 (NY102114, DS, UC701430); Bacagalupi et al. 8181 (JEPS29050);
J.&L. Roos 5151 (UC1010191) E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3711 (SBBG11561, SBBG11512), 3712 (CAS,
JEPS32939); Duran 2821 (GH, UC1364153); K. & M. Heil 8477 (SJNM19342), 8479 (SJNM19344), 8489
(SJNM19354); M. D. Windham & M. Beilstein 2505 (NY674800); metavolcanics at 13800 ft, Mooney et al 496
(DS); Lloyd 3242 (UC1389266, UC1389284); R. Bacagalupi et al. 8189 (JEPS29056); 13300 ft, Jepson 7388
(JEPS53517) UPatriarch Grove, 11400 ft, N.H.&P.K.Holmgren 6229 (NY102115); Dedecker 5493
(RSA625360, UCR111717), 5843 (RSA625894), 6028 (RSA627419) Uroad to White Mtn Peak, 13100 ft, J.
Pawek 58-16 (UC1097556); 58-13 (UC1097559) UMt Barcroft, 12800 ft, Taylor 5199 (UC1548517); R.A.Price
811 (GH, UC) UMoulas Mine, Paiute Creek canyon, 9800 ft, Taylor 8585 (UC1520589) U1 mile below
Barcroft Gate, R.A.Price 844 (GH) Uvicinity Barcroft lab, 12600 ft, Taylor 9140 (UC1548487, UC1548491);
9142 (UC1548522); R.A.Price 592 (GH); S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282594); C.W.Sharsmith 7849
(SJSU6190); K.K. Muller 1066 (SBBG14858); J.M. Tucker 3433 (RSA388351) Unear McAfee Meadow, 12500
ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8103 (JEPS28235) Uheadwaters Cottonwood Creek 1.5 mi SW Barcroft lab, 11500 ft,
Taylor 15427 (JEPS105020) Uhillside opposite Patriarch Grove, R.A.Price 850 (GH) UCottonwood Creek,
11000 ft, Duran 1631 (UC1364128); 12000 ft, Dedecker 2200 (RSA616575) Uvicinity Campito Meadow;
Dedecker 668 (RSA616230); on dolomite, 10600 ft, H.A.Mooney et al. 474 (DS) UCrooked Creek cave, 9800
ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1708 (RSA, UC1282193, SD62411); Lloyd 2887 (GH, UC1389282) Uhill W of Crooked
Creek lab, 10250 ft, R.Bacagalupi & P.C.Hutchinson 8061 (JEPS28181). Esmeralda: southwest spur of
Mustang Mountain between Horseshoe Rock & Kennedy Point, head of Queen Canyon, 10200 ft, Morefield
4046.0 (NY90576); Mineral: none.
Draba subumbellata Rollins & R.A. Price - cushion draba
Infrequent, sandy deeply weathered soils, often moreso on windblown, winter snow-free sites in the alpine,
above 10000 ft throughout the range. [Draba sierrae Sharsmith, misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973] ‚
CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Known elsewhere only from Coyote Ridge, Inyo in the Sierra Nevada, otherwise endemic to
the White Mountains. Inyo: none; Mono: White Mtn Peak, 13500 ft, Duran 2821a (holotype GH19088,
isotype UC1364152) Usouthern wall North Fork Perry Aiken Creek, 11200 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4712
(NY102241, RSA424882, UC1545400) UPellisier Flats, 12600 ft, Morefield & C.Perala 4833 (NY102242,
RSA486170, UC1552050); Mitchell 2193 (NY102244, DS, GH, UC1299902) U0.8 mi NE Barcroft Lab, 12700
ft, Morefield 2392 (NY102243, RSA) Uheadwaters Milner Creek, 12300 ft, Taylor et al.9159 (UC1548488,
UC1548489) UWhite Mtn Rd above Barcroft lab, 12400 ft, R.A. Price 851 (GH); 814a (GH); K.K. Muller 1066
(SBBG14858) UWhite Mtn Peak, E.R.Blakley 3711A (SBBG11512); 3712 (SBBG12243, SD56893); Dedecker
1256 (RSA6241330, 1270 (RSA624270 UBarcroft Lab, J.M. Tucker 3433 (RSA388351)Uheadwaters North
Fork Chiatovich Creek, Morefield & T.S. Elias 4583 (RSA437226) Ue base Sheep Mountain, Dedecker 5850
(UCR159951). Esmeralda: northwest flank Boundary Peak, 11350 ft, Taylor 15288 (UC1736741); Mineral:
none.
Erysimum L. Wallflower
Erysimum capitatum (Douglas) Greene
Frequent in colonies in loose soil, lower pinyon to moderly high elevation in mesic settings, ca. 6500-10500
ft throughout the range Our plants have been variously treated as E. c. var. argillosum (Greene) R.J. Davis
(1993) and E.c. var. perenne (S. Watson) R.J. Davis by Rollins; syns. Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. var.
purshii Durand, E. c. ssp. perenne (S. Watson) R. Price ined, Hickman 1993] Inyo: Wyman Canyon 1.3 mi
NE Goat Spring, 9700 ft, Morefield 2159 (NY126238) UWyman Canyon, 7550 ft, Duran 3046 (NY126380);
Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Duran 739 (UC477438), 3054 (UC1364124) 9500 ft, Lloyd 2816 (UC1389274)
UWestgard Pass Narrows, Lloyd 2756 (UC1389276) UGrandview campground, D. Charleton 161 (UCR52465)
USchulman Grove, N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 6247 (NY717985). Mono: head of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire & A.
Holmgren 26134 (UC701893, NY126382, UTC68099); 9500 ft, Duran 1564 (UC1364125) Unear Crooked
Creek lab, 10400 ft, J.M.Tucker 3412 (UC1087517), 2273 (UC984765); 10100 ft, Lloyd 3105 (UC1389293);
Bacagalupi et al. 8035 (JEPS28145) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3089 (UC1311785) Ufirst creek
N of Poison Creek, 9800 ft, H.A.Mooney 450 (DS). Esmeralda: Trial Canyon drainage, 10000 ft, Morefield
Halimolobos Tausch.
1' Middle and lower cauline leaves sessile and auriculate; siliques 2-4 cm long, glabrous
see ............................................................................................................................. Transberingia virgata ‚
1' Lower cauline leaves petiolate, the middle sometime subsessile, but not auriculate; siliques 1.5-2.5 cm long,
pubescent ............................................................................................................................................ H. jaegeri
Halimolobos jaegeri (Munz) Rollins - Edmund C. Jaeger’s fissurewort
Rock crevices in canyons, below about 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, M.E. Jones s.n.
July 1928 (holotype POM173484, isotypeGH19144); R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG72193); S.A. Junak 2276
(SBBG81808, SD125511) Ucanyon 6 miles E of Westgard Pass, 5900 ft, A.Cronquist 11682 (NY170318);
P.H.Raven 7037A (UC1010748, NY170311); F.W.Pierson 7539 (JEPS53586) UWestgard Pass narrows, 6500
ft, H.D.D.Ripley & R.C.Barneby 3750 (NY170312); 6450 ft, Lloyd 2749 (UC1389273); 6650 ft, A.M.Alexander
& L.Kellogg 2497 (UC671614); S.A. Junak 2276 (SBBG81808) Ucanyon near Upper Sam=s Springs, 6010 ft,
Morefield 3996 (UC1550094, NY170324) Uroad to Mollie Gibson Mine, 6800 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1729
(UC1282183, NY170317, SD62413) Umouth Mollie Gibson Canyon, 6960 ft, Lloyd 2960 (UC1389310,
SD70433) UDeep Springs Valley, C.A.Purpus 5815 (UC117481, JEPS89189) UBirch Creek, Deep Springs
Valley, A.Tiehm & Morefield 8542 (NY170316) U0.7 mi SSW Wyman Canyon Narrows, 6620 ft, Morefield
1987 (NY170319) UWyman Canyon; N. H. & P.K. Holmgren 13084 (NY704050); 4 miles up from highway,
B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26023 (UC701484, NY170320); 7900 ft, Taylor & Clifton 10062 (JEPS) USilver
Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 1509 (JEPS53587); Silver Canyon 8 mi E Laws, E.I.Applegate 6943 (UC499838)
ULone Tree Cr, D. York 2474 (RSA688760). Mono: Paiute Creek canyon, 9800 ft, Taylor 8582 (UC1520640)
UCottonwood Creek, 8700 ft, Duran 2579 (UC1364161). Esmeralda: mouth of Chiatovich Creek at N base of
Davis Mountain. 7050 ft, Morefield et al. 4549 (NY170323). Mineral: none.
Hornungia Rchb.
Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek – ovalpurse.
Infrequent in moist alkaline fine soils of springs on the lower flanks of the range, below ca. 10000 ft. [syn.
Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) Desv.] Inyo: Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3326
(UC1535161, NY170064) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8100 ft, Morefield 2177 (NY170063); 2 mi
below, 7500 ft, Duran 3042 (UC665666). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran M84 (UC1364143).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2766 (NY170053). Mineral: none.
Lepidium L. Pepper-Grass
Reference: R. Rollins. 1993. Cruciferae N. Amer. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA
1' Styles evident, >2 mm long
2’ Prostrate annual, flowers yellow ...................................................................................................... L. flavum
2' Flowers white
3’ Subshrubs; silicles broadly orbicular
4. Gynophore about 1 mm long; siliques usually widest just above the middle
not yet documented .............................................................................. L. fremontii var. stipitatum
4' Gynophore rudimentary, <0.3 mm long: siliques widest at or just below the middle
....................................................................................................................L. fremontii var. fremontii
3’ Herbs; silicles ovate.........................................................................................L. montanum
1' Styles rudimentary, the stigmas sessile or on styles no more than 0.5 mm long
5. Upper cauline leaves perfoliate or deeply auriculate-clasping
6. Upper cauline leaves perfoliate; basal rosette leaves twice or thrice pinnate; pedicel glabrous; seed
winged .............................................................................................................................. L. perfoliatum
6' Upper cauline leaves auriclate; basal rosette leaves at most serrate; pedicel pubescent; seeds not
winged ................................................................................................................................. L. campestre
5' Upper cauline leaves either bracteate and reduced, or not perfoliate or auriculate
7' Pedicles strongly flattened, generally shorter than silique; siliques pubescent
8' Basal leaves linear and entire or pinnatified with narrow linger segments; siliques winged only on
the tips ..............................................................................................................................L. dictyotum
8' Basal leaves lanceolate to lance ovate, coarsely dentate; siliques winged about half way down the
side ............................................................................................................................. L. lasiocarpum
7' Pedicles not strongly flattened, generally equal to or exceeding the glabrous slilques, often colored
greenish-red at maturity.
9. Petals evident, = to 2x sepals ..........................................................................................L. virginicum
9' Petals vestigial, < to = sepals ........................................................................................L. densifolium
Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br.
Infrequent, gravelly soils, disturbed roadbeds, washes, below 7000 ft on the western flanks of the range.
Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: along Indian Creek near road 1.2 miles NE of Mollina Mine Site, 6900
ft, Morefield 4857 (NY23002). Mineral: none.
Lepidium densiflorum Schrafrt var. densiflorium -
Infrequent weed of moist disturbed sites and roadsides, below 7000 ft on the western flank of the range.
Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7231 (JEPS53592). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Lepidium dictyotum A. Gray var. dictyotum – alkali pepperwort
Infrequent, moist subsaline or subalkaline sites, below 5000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. Inyo:
Warm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3327 (UC1535162). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Lepidium flavum Torrey var. flavum – yellow peppergrass
A frequent annual of lower desert slopes throughout the range. Inyo: 1.9 mi NW Poleta Mine, Morefield
2613 (UC1523896, NY23174); 1.6 mi NW, 4660 ft, Morefield 2117 (NY23446) USouthwest flank Black
Mountain, 4000 ft, Morefield 3319 (UC1535156, NY23200); 3573 (NY23447) UBlack Canyon, Duran 538
(UC439796, SD2014); Marble Fork 5700 ft, Duran M36 (UC1364149) Uwest side Westgard Pass, 4200 ft,
H.A.Mooney 23 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Unear Laws, A.A.Heller 8181 (UC162514). Mono: below
Coldwater Canyon mouth, 4670 ft, Morefield 3443 (UC1534869, NY23201, UCR47428) U7 mi S of Benton,
Jack L.& A.Reveal 69 (NY23224) Umouth Falls Canyon, 5000 ft, Morefield 3469 (UC1534878, NY23225,
Lepidium fremontii S. Watson var. fremontii - John C. Fremont’s pepperwort
Frequent, desert scrub on slopes, rock outcrops, below 6000 ft on the more southerly end of the range The
endemic of the Last Change Range to our east, var. stipitatum Rollins, should be sought on calcareous
substrata on our southerasterly flanks. Inyo: mouth of canyon 1.3 mi NE Antelope Springs, 5160 ft,
Morefield 1945 (NY23445) Ubetween Black and Silver Canyons, 4880 ft, Mitchell 2070 (UC1299796,
NY23449) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4400 ft, Taylor 7164b (JEPS) Unear Laws, A.A.Heller 8310
(UC162419) Usecond ridge South of Silver Canyon, 5500 ft, H.A.Mooney 149 (DS) UWestgard Pass, 6500 ft,
J.W. Hopkins s.n. (SBBG70820); 5.4 mi W of 5900 ft, Lloyd 2764 (UC1389288) UBlack Canyon, 4500 ft,
Duran 2622 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); 536 (SD2012) Uvicinity Poleta Mine, Morefield 2117
(NY23446). Mono: north wall Coldwater Canyon, 5470 ft, Morefield 3427 (UC1534853, NY23425,
Lepidium lasiocarpum Torrey & A. Gray var. georginum (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock – hariy pod pepperwort
Sandy desert scrub on the lower, more southerly flanks of the range below ca. 8000 ft. Inyo: Silver Canyon
east of Laws, A.A.Heller 8215 (UC162418, NY23500); 7000 ft, Mitchell 2292 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
U7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2661 (UC1389287), 2662 (UC1299979) UBlack Canyon, 5700
ft, Duran 2644 (UC477437, SD2013) Umouth of Wyman Canyon, R.S.Ferris & R.Bacagalupi 8052
(UC495389) UAntelope Springs, P.H.Raven 7053 (CAS). Mono: mouth McAfee Creek canyon, 5250 ft,
Morefield 3613 (UC1545326, NY23468, UCR59895) Umouth Furnace Canyon, 5580 ft, Morefield et al. 4405
(UC1545426, NY23492, UCR60098). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none. The type of var. pubescens
Thellung, treated as a synonym by Holmgren et al (2005), was collected just to our north at Candelaria,
Mineral County, Shockley 9 (holotype DS289668, isotype UC). Hitchcock (1936) treated var. pubescens as a
synonym of Lepidium lasiocarpum var. lasiocarpum.
Lepidium montanum Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray var. montanum
In our region, confined to subalakline soils in large valleys flanking the range, below 7000 ft. Inyo: none;
Mono: none (occurrences are known in Adobe Valley outside our area). Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, N. H. &
P.K. Holmgen 13065 (NY748324), A. Tiehm 7715 (NY76313).
*Lepidium perfoliatum L. - claspwort
Occasional weed of ruderal sites, roadsides, and heavily grazed ground, 7000-10000 ft in the central portion
of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: Crooked Creek just below South Fork, 9720 ft, Morefield 2419 (NY90027).
Lepidium virginicum L. var. pubescens (Greene) Thellung – Virginia cress
Occasional weed of ruderal sites, roadsides, and heavily grazed ground, below 10000 ft throughout the
range. Inyo: spring 0.7 mi South of Silver Canyon mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3667 (UC1545574, NY90080)
Unear Laws, K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC178965) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 537 (UC439795)
UMontenegro Springs, 7050 ft, Lloyd 3123 (UC1368316). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, Duran s.n.
(JEPS53777). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 5800 ft, Lankester 816 (BM). Mineral: none.
Lesquerella S. Watson - sagebrush candytuft

1. Siliqules obdeltate - not documented.......................................................................L. kingii var. cordiformis
1’ Siliques ovate
2’ Siliques slightly wider than long, the apex retuse to truncate; petals 6-7 mm long
..............................................................................................................................................L. kingii var. kingii
2’ Silicles slightly longer than wide, the apex rounded; petals 7-10 mm
...........................................................................................................................................L. kingii var. latifolia
Lesquerella kingii (S. Watson) S. Watson ssp. kingii - Clarance Kings sagebrush candytuft
Occasional, steep mobile slopes and dolomite barrens, lower flanks to timberline, 7500-12500 ft along the
length of the range. [Lloyd & Mitchell, var. cordiformis (Rollins) Maguire & A.Holmgren, misapplied, a taxon
known to occur north of our area in the Excelsior Mountains, cf. A. Tiehm Jan Nachlinger 12502 (NY609008)]
Inyo: 3 miles up Mollie Gibson Canyon, 7950 ft, Lloyd 2941 (UC1389290) UWyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Lloyd
2817 (UC1389289); head of Wyman Canyon, 9500 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26052 (UC933563); D.F. Howe
3050 (SD51375). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10150 ft, Lloyd 3104 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973);
J.M.Tucker 2227 (UC984274); R.Bacagalupi et al. 8093 (JEPS28221) Uhead of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire &
A.Holmgren 26124 (UC933567) Uconfluence North & South Fork Crooked Creek, 10000 ft, Mitchell 2018
(UC1299830) UCampito Meadow, 10800 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26120 (UC933359), 26056 (UC933562);
R.Bacagalupi et al. 8039 (JEPS28189); W.L.Jepson 7335 (JEPS53794) USheep Mtn, 12000 ft, P.Kamb s.n.
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC12982645, UC1318269) UEva Belle Mine Rd,
11300 ft, Taylor 5186 (JEPS90375) UPatriarch Grove, 11000 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8167 (JEPS29037);
C.W.Sharsmith 9165 (SJSU14543) Uhead Cottonwood drainage, 12000 ft, Dedecker 2209 (RSA617006)
Esmeralda: W rim of Mustang Mtn, 10170 ft, Morefield 4063 (NY170292). Mineral: none.
Lesquerella kingii (S. Watson) S. Watson ssp. latifolia (A. Nelson) Rollins & E.A. Shaw
Infrequent, alpine sites in the northern and central portion of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: North Fork
Perry Aiken Creek, 12420 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4705 (UC1545454). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Malcolmia (L.) R.Br.

*Malcolmia africana R. Br.
Infrequent weed of disturbed sites below 9000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: along old mining road 1.6 mi
N of Antelope Springs, 6450 ft, Morefield 1929 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Albert Mine,
Queen Canyon, 8200 ft, Taylor 15245 (UC). Mineral: none.
Phoenicaulis Nutt.
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Torrey & A. Gray - daggerpod
Occasional, windswept ridges, stony sparse sagebrush scrub flats, below 7000-14100 ft throughout the
length of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: White Mountain Peak, 13000 ft, Duran 2618 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973); 13900 ft, W.L.Jepson 7385 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26071
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: SE slope of Sugarloaf Mtn, 8890 ft, Morefield 3690d
Physaria (Nutt.) A. Gray Bladderpod

Physaria chambersii Rollins - Thomas S. Chamber’s bladderpod
Scattered on steep, mobile substrate openings in pinyon woodland to subalpine forest, at 8000-11000 ft on
the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none; Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8500 ft, Duran 3349
(NY182067) UN branch of Trail Canyon 0.6 mi ESE of Kennedy Point, 9150 ft, Morefield 4687d (NY182206)
UPinchot Creek, 7500 ft, Taylor 8034 (UC). Mineral: vicinity Tip Top Mine, P. Train 4006 (NY170184).
Rorippa Scop. Yellowcress

1. Flowers white .............................................................................................................. R. nasturtium-aquatica
1' Flowers yellow
3. Siliques linear to oblong, <1.5 mm wide, not narrowed in middle ........................................ R. curvisiliqua
3' Siliques round to oblong, >1.5 mm wide, narrowed in middle
4. Stems prostrate and 1-5 dm long; plants often with several main stems ............................... R. curvipes
4' Stems erect, 4-10 dm tall; plants with generally a single main stem ...................................... R. palustris
Rorippa curvipes Greene var. truncata (Jepson) Rollins
Scattered in moist sandy soils along streams in meadows throughout the range. [syn. var. integra Jepson, R.
obtusa (Nutt.) Torrey & A. Gray of Lloyd & Mitchell, misapplied] The White Mtn plants have a tendency
toward essentially entire leaves, and hence Jepson=s name may have merit at the varietal level. Rorippa
curvisiliqua (Hook.) Britton was listed for the Whites in Lloyd & Mitchell, but the specimens proved to be this
species; however, it should be sought on the strand of ponds or streams along the length of the range. Inyo:
head of Silver Canyon, Big Prospector Meadow, 9700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7354 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Lloyd 3042 (UC1389305). Mono: North Fork Crooked Creek,
10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7344 (JEPS566, holotype of var. integra Jepson) Crooked Creek, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3228
(UC1311752); 9150 ft, Taylor 9168 (JEPS90965), Breedlove 1027 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
Uhead of Crooked Creek, 10150 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26143 (NY182326) UCottonwood Creek, 9000 ft,
Duran 1593 (UC1364123) Usouth slope Sheep Mtn, Mitchell 2135 (UC1299799, NY181949) UCampito
Meadow, G.K. Helmkamp 4322 (UCR141107); Dedecker 5839 (RSA625897) UChiatovich Flats, 10570 ft,
Morefield & C. Perla 4821 (NY181829). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek - watercress
Scattered in quite water of streams and springs, below 10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Tollhouse
Springs, Lloyd 2701 (UC1389294), 2702 (UC1389295); L.C. Wheeler 8853 (RSA596735) USilver Canyon,
7000 ft, Mitchell 2313 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran
1572 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973), 3140 (UC477440). Mono: Leidy Creek, Morefield 4156 (UC1549861)
UCabin Cr at confluence Leidy Creek, 7050 ft, Morefield 4156 (UC1549861) Esmeralda: Leidy Creek 0.2 mi
west of National Forest boundary, A.Tiehm 8538 (NY176668) UChiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3099 (UC).
Mineral: none
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Abrams -
Infrequent, moist streambanks or riparian margins, below 7000 ft on the western flanks of the range. Inyo:
none. Mono: Birch Creek, 5800 ft, Duran 3479 (UC665662, NY181948, NY182473). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Sisymbrium L.
1. Terminal segments of middle cauline leaves "1-2 mm wide, linear; plants freely branched in inflorescence;
outer sepals with horns ................................................................................................................ S. altissimum
1' Terminal segments of middle cauline leaves >5mm wide, lanceolate to ovate; not freely branched; sepals
without horns
2. Pedicles capillary, their width less than silique width in fruit ................................................................. S. irio
2' Pedicles stout, their width nearly equal to the siliques in fruit ......................................................S. orientale
*Sisymbrium altissimum L. - Tumble mustard.
Frequent weed of disturbed roadsides, ruderal sites, occasionally in washes, below about 8000 ft throughout
the range. Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5570 ft, Morefield 2079 (NY189186); P.H.Raven 7040 (CAS); Lloyd 3016
(UC1389303) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2728 (UC1364141). Mono: fan SW of
Morris Creek, Morefield 3785 (NY189162). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft, Lankester 734 (BM).
Mineral: none.
*Sisymbrium irio L. - London Rocket.
Sporadic weed of inhabitat sites, and waif from livestock feeding, below 12000 ft, to be expected throughout
the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Barcroft Gate, 11600 ft, T. Spira 392 (JEPS85260), see Additions II.
*Sisymbrium orientale L. - Indian hedgemustard.
Sporadic weed of ruderal sites, roadsides, and waif from livestock feeding, below 12000 ft, to be expected
throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Barcroft Gate, 11600 ft, T. Spira (Additions II, no voucher found
UC/JEPS). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Stanleya Nutt. Prince's Plume

1. Lower leaves pinnate; inner surface of petal claw villous .................................................................. S. pinnata
2. Subshrubs, woody well above the base; herbage not glaucous; petals 8-10 mm
.............................................................................................................................. S. pinnata ssp. inyoensis
2’ Caudex perennial herbs with glaucous herbage; petals10-15 mm
.................................................................................................................................. S. pinnata ssp. pinnata
1= Lower leaves entire or runcinate; petal claw glabrous ........................................................................... S. elata
Stanleya elata M.E. Jones - Panimint Prince=s plume.
Colonial in desert scrub and lower edge of pinyon woodland, below 7000 ft on the lower flanks of the entire
range, conspicuous along the Westgard Pass road. Inyo: 6 miles up Wyman Canyon, B. Maguire &
A.Holmgren 26025 (NY189348) UWestgard Pass road, J.W. Hopkins s.n. (SBBG70299); E.C. Twisslemann
15551 (SBBG39253); D.F. Howe 3042 (SD51321); 7.4 miles W of, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2665 (UC1389297) UBlack
Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2693 (UC477444, SD1915) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, Duran 1693
(UC1364126 ) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 2540 (UC669922) UPayson
Canyon, M.D. Windham 2509 (NY608056) UAntelope Springs, Morefield 2082 (NY762421). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Busher Creek Canyon, 5600 ft, Morefield 4006 (NY189382) UOff U.S. Hwys. 6 and 95, 15 mi E
of Montgomery Pass (i.e. Volcanic Hills), R.C. &K.W.Rollins 81-128 (NY189353) UIndian Canyon, 6000 ft,
Lankester 841 (BM). Mineral: none.
Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton ssp. inyoensis Munz & J.C. Roos – Inyo Prince=s plume
Loose sand or alkaline soils of large intermountain valley bottoms, below ca. 6000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono:
Oasis, Fish Lake Valley, D. Charleton 182 (UCR43261) is our only regional station. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton ssp. pinnata - Cleft-leaf Prince=s Plume.
Rocky windblown ridges, washes, steep canyon walls, below 7000 ft on the southern and western flanks of
the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 5700 ft, Mitchell 2000 (UC1299837, SD62298); 4500 ft, Lloyd 2853
(UC1389272); R.A. Sauer s.n. (UCR4855); Duran 531 (UC439789, SD1914) Uspring 0.7 mi S mouth of Silver
Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3692 (UC1545609, UCR60086) Ufan SW of Morris Creek, 6380 ft, Morefield 3788
(UC1545409, UCR60088) UAntelope Springs, P.H.Raven 7054 (CAS). Mono: Chalfant Valley, L. Feist 4
(UCR147829). Esmeralda: vicinity Sand Spring, Morefield 4528 (NY431068); Mineral: none.
Streptanthella Rydberg
Streptanthella longirostris (S. Watson) Rydberg –
Occasional in more sandy substrate sites of alluvial fans and lower slopes of the range, below 6000 ft. Inyo:
mouth of Sam=s Springs canyon, 5620 ft, Morefield 3597 (UC1545334, NY188844) UNear Laws, A.A.Heller
8183 (UC162411). Mono: north wall Coldwater Canyon near mouth, 5610 ft, Morefield 3435 (UC1534861,
UCR47420, NY188842) UMouth of McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3614 (UC1545327, NY188819,
UCR59894). Esmeralda: south base Volcanic Hills, 5200 ft, B.Ertter 6284 (NY188882). Mineral: Queen
(site), 6200 ft, Duran 3255 (NY188855).
Streptanthus Nuttall Jewelflower

1' Caudices connected by thin horizontal rhizomes; basal leaves of non-flowering caudices entire on upper half,
narrowly oblanceolate; petioles of lower cauline leaves long, slender, not winged
...................................................................................................................................................... S. oliganthus
1' Plants from a branched caudex; basal leaves of non-flowering caudices dentate at tip, generally orbicular;
petioles of lower cauline leaves widely winged, short ..................................................................... S. cordatus
Streptanthus cordatus Nuttall var. duranii Jepson – Victor Duran’s jewelflower
Common on rocky slopes in open forest, scrub, 6000-11000 ft throughout the range. The variety is
elsewhere known only from the Inyo desert mountains, although var. cordatus is uniform throughout its
wide range, the var. duranii and S. oliganthus intergrade in the White Mtns. Inyo: Mollie Gibson Canyon 3-4
miles north of Hwy 168, 8000 ft, B.Ertter & J.Strachan 3015 (NY215289, CAS744131); 7400 ft, Mitchell 2073
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWhite Mountain Road, 8000 ft, H.A.Mooney 346 (DS738187); 7100 ft,
Lloyd 2762 (UC1389280); G.Levin 1289 (DAV95491) UWestgard Pass, J&H.Grinnell 1041 (JEPS15427); 7300
ft, Duran 2795 (UC1364157); Lloyd 2909 (UC1389729); D.E.Breedlove 5640 (DS499694); H.A.Mooney 353
(DS738194); R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG72100); N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 13089 (NY732802); R.S. Woglum 3117
(SD90127, UCR13718) UCedar Flat, J&H.Grinnell 1041a (UC569590); H.A.Mooney et al. 683 (DS738191)
UStudebaker Flat, H.A.Mooney 762 (DS738229) USilver Canyon, 8600 ft, H.A.Mooney 220 (DS738195)
Usummit trail Silver Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow, W.L.Jepson 7259 (JEPS) U8.7 mi down Wyman
Canyon, 7900 ft, Lloyd 3034 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); 9100 ft, Taylor & G.L.Clifton 10051
(UC1736579) Mono: Crooked Creek lab vicinity, Dedecker 6396 (RSA627156) UCottonwood Creek, 10000 ft,
Duran 1647 (JEPS27080, holotype, JEPS2881 isotype) UMorris Creek, 6600 ft, Morefield 3779 (UC1545389,
UCR60090) UDeadhorse Meadow, 8000 ft, Taylor 9162 (UC1736580) Uconfluence Cottonwood and Poison
creeks, Taylor 6575 (UC1736585) Esmeralda: Middle Creek, 6500 ft, E.C.Jaeger s.n. (CAS). Mineral: none.
Streptanthus oliganthus Rollins - Masonic Jewelflower
Uncommon, steep unstable scree slopes on northerly facing canyon walls at 7000-10500 ft on the far
northern end of the range. ‚ CNPS List 1B.2 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: SE slope Sugarloaf
Mtn, 8890 ft, Morefield 3961 (GH, ARIZ283975) UMustang Mountain, 10200 ft, Taylor 15256 (UC)
UPinchot Creek, 7200 ft, Taylor & B. Miller 8031 (UC). Mineral: none.
Thelypodium Endl.
1' Cauline leaves auriculate-clasping, flowers cream, plants 3-7 dm tall ............................................... T. crispum
1’ Cauline leaves short petiolate to subsessile, but not auriculate; plants often 2 meters tall
2. Cauline leaves sessile; petals distinctly clawed; infructescence congested
............................................................................................................................................. T. integrifolium
2’ Cauline leaves petiolate; petals without a distinct claw; infructescence elongating with maturity
................................................................................................................................................. T. laciniatum
Thelypodium crispum Payson –

Infrequent, subsaline meadow margins and alkaline or carbonate springs, below 9000 ft along the length of
the range. Inyo: Warm Spring, western base Black Mountain, 3900 ft, Taylor 7085 (JEPS). Mono: Crooked
Creek, 6700 ft, F.W.Pierson 10722 (UC511870). Esmeralda: canyon of N fork of Chiatovich Creek, 8600 ft,
Morefield 4562 (NY215369) UChiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2767 (UC); 8100 ft, Mitchell 2088 (UC,
NY215399); 8500 ft, Duran 2533 (UC); Duran 533 (CAS, DS, RSA, UC). Mineral: none.
Thelypodium integrifolium (Torrey & A. Gray) Endlacher ssp. complanatum Al-Shehbaz –
Infrequent, subsaline moist meadow margins and riparian areas, below 9000 ft along the length of the
range. Inyo: spring 1 mile S Silver Canyon mouth, Morefield 3114 (UC1523855, UCR44074, NY215633)
UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Duran s.n. (POM179811, SD1917) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon,
8000 ft, Duran 1688 (JEPS32740); 7200 ft, M. Dedecker 1230 (RSA621810), 1231 (RSA621811). Mono:
none. Esmeralda: Queen Canyon, 8080 ft, Morefield 4295 (NY215631, NY215637). Mineral: none.
Thelypodium laciniatum (Hooker) Endlacher
A plant of dry talus and cliffs in the Bishop Tuff region of the upper Owens Valley, below 8000 ft. Inyo:
none. Mono: Benton, “on slopes of the Artemisia belt, I.F. Tidestrom 9990 (NY215681) is a proximal record
on our western border. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Thysanocarpus Hook.
Thysanocarpus laciniatus Torrey & A. Gray - Fringepod.
Occasional in pinyon woodland or desert scrub, below 8500 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo:
southwest slope Black Mountain, 5700 ft, Morefield 3371 (UC1535089); 5150 ft, 3352 (UC1535183). Mono:
Transberingia Al-Shebaz & O’Kane

Transberingia virgata (Nuttall) N.H. Holmgren – fissurewort
Uncommon, moist loamy soils of meadow borders, and mesic montane settings bordering aspen stands,
alpine, at 8800-12000 ft throughout the range [syn. Halimolobis virgata (Nutt.) Schulz]. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚
Disjunct from the Whites to central Nevada, thence widespread in the Rocky Mountains (Alberta to
Colorado). Inyo: near Cedar Flat along White Mountain Road, 7900 ft, Dedecker 2231 (RSA616777). Mono:
Crooked Creek, 9850 ft, Lloyd 2878 (UC1389309) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, 12000 ft, R.F. Thorne et al.
38621 (RSA291821). Esmeralda: Big Meadows of Chiatovich Creek. 8800 ft, Duran 3059 (UC1364150),
CACTACEAE - Cactus Family (CAC - 210)

Key to Genera
References: L. Benson. 1969. Cacti of California. Stanford Univ. Press; 1982. Cacti of the U.S. ibid.
1. Stems jointed, aeroles with glochids (Caution!)
2’ Stem segments cylindric to spheric, spines with the epidermis separating to form a thin,
paperlike sheath that is eventually deciduous
3’ Erect subshrubs, stems cylindric; spine sheath deciduous for the length of the spine,
exposing whole spines ........................................................................................... Cylindropuntia cholla
3’ Mat forming or low clumps, stems clavate; spine sheath deciduous only at spine apex
.................................................................................................................................................... Grusonia
2’ Stem segments flattened; spines lacking epidermal sheath ...........................................Opuntia beavertail
1' Stems not jointed
4. Flowers born laterally on the stem; fruits not spiny ..................................................................Sclerocactus
4' Flowers born terminally on the stem; fruits spiny ................................................... Echinocereus hedgehog
Cylindropuntia (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth - Cholla

Cylindropuntia echinocarpa (Engelm. & J. Bigelow) F. Knuth -
Scattered on alluvial fans and very rarely onto lower lower canyon slopes in desert scrub communities,
below 7500 ft on the lower flanks of the entire range [JM – Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & J. M. Bigelow]
Inyo: none. Mono: Benton Station, Duran M32 (UC1207434) U2.5 mi up Coldwater Canyon, Morefield 2128
(NY832394). Esmeralda: mouth Chiatovich Creek, 6700 ft, Duran M31 (UC). Mineral: none.
Echinocereus Engelm. Hedgehog Cactus

1' Plants forming dense cespitose mounds with many stems; flowers scarlet; radial spines nearly equal to the
central spine ........................................................................................................................... E. triglochidiatus
1' Plants with one or two central stems to 3 dm tall, not forming large mounds; flowers crimson magenta or
paler; radial spines shorter than central spine ...........................................................................E. engelmannii

Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry) Lemaire – strawberry hedgehog
Infrequent, desert scrub communities below 6500 ft on the southern flanks of the range. [JM – E. e. var.
chrysocentrus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Engelm.] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 5500 ft, L. Benson 5968 (POM18620,
POM274913); 7200 ft, C.B. Wolf 2631 (RSA4031) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2726 (UC477413,
POM219825, SD3200) Unear Antelope Springs, Morefield 1889 (RSA463586). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelmann – kingcup
Occasional, pinyon woodland and desert scrub communities, below 8500 ft on the southern end of the
range. [JM – E. t. var. mojavensis (Engelm. & J.M. Bigelow) L. Benson] Inyo: Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran
2636 (UC477414, RSA4301, SD3201, UCR129653 the latter numbered 764) UWestgard Pass, P.C.
Hutchinson 8210 (UC1175214) Unear Black Canyon Spring, 8500 ft, Duran 3018 (UC1297435) Unortherly
fork Silver Canyon, 7200 ft, C.B.Wolf 2583 (RSA4030); 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7413 (JEPS47154) UGilbert
Pass, 6000 ft, E.K.Balls 19000 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Grusonia F. Richenbach
Grusonia pulchella (Engelman) H. Robinson - sand cholla
Scattered on alluvial fans and lower canyon slopes in desert scrub communities with Hilaria jamesii, below
7500 ft on the southerly flanks of the range flanking Deep Springs Valley and Fish Lake Valley (Morefield,
Madrono 32:123. 1985) ‚ CNPS List 2.1 ‚ [syn. Opuntia pulchella Engelm.] Inyo: Deep Springs College,
A.C.Sanders 2464 (UCR26827, UC1506385, RSA304605); Morefield 1982 (DHA, NY832352, RSA327715)
Ubetween Beer and Birch Creeks, Morefield 1982 (DHA, NY, RSA). Mono: observed at the mouth of McAfee
Creek by Morefield (Madrono 32:123. 1985). Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill, 6500 ft, Duran 2872 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Opuntia L. Beavertail
1' Flowers crimson; joints mostly without spines; fruit lacking well developed spines at the apical aeroles
.................................................................................................................................................... O. basalaris
1' Flowers yellow; joints with spines; fruits with an apical rim of spines
............................................................................................................................................... O. polyacantha
2. Spines dimorphic; usually 1-3 larger white spines with hooked tips per areole
............................................................................................................. O. polyacantha var. polyacantha
2’ Spines monomorphic, grading in length continuously but usually brownish in color
.................................................................................................................. O. polyacantha var. hystricina
Opuntia basilaris Engelmann & J. Bigelow var. basilaris - Beavertail.
Scattered on alluvial fans and lower canyon slopes in desert scrub communities, below 7500 ft on the
southerly flanks of the range. Inyo: Antelope Spring, 5600 ft, Duran 3027 (UC477411, POM219811,
ARIZ13753, SD3194). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. erinacea (Engelmann & J. Bigelow) B.D. Parfitt – pricklypear
Scattered on alluvial fans and lower canyon slopes in desert scrub communities, below 7500 ft on the lower
flanks of the entire range. [syns. - Opuntia erinacea var. utahensis (Engelmann ) L. Benson; var.
xanthostema (K. Schum.; and var. ursina (Weber) S.B.Parish) L.Benson; Opuntia polyacantha Haw. var.
rufispina (Engelmann & J.M.Bigelow) L. Benson ]. Inyo: Silver Canyon, C.B. Wolf 2602 (RSA5148); 5500 ft,
L. Benson 5958 (POM274106) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 3001 (UC1297263) UMollie
Gibson Canyon, B. Ertter & J. Strachan 3020 (NY832397) U1 mile E Westgard Pass, D.F. Howe 3041
(SD51306) U1 mi N Schulman Grove, E.R; Blakely 3548 (RSA167036) Uvicinity Sam’ Spring, Morefield 2043
(NY832398). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 2547 (UC). Mineral: none.
Opuntia polyacantha Haworth var. hystricina (Engelmann & J. Bigelow) B.D. Parfitt
Largely higher elevation sites than var. polyacantha. Inyo: none. Mono: County Line Hill, 11000 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7363 (JEPS66897). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Sclerocactus Britton & Rose

Sclerocactus polyancistrus (Engelmann & J.M.Bigelow) Britton & J.N.Rose – fishhook cactus
Scattered on alluvial fans and lower canyon slopes in desert scrub communities, below 7500 ft on the
southerly flanks of the range. Sclerocactus nyensis Hochstaetter is documented in the Silver Peak Range to
our east, and should be sought along the northeasterly flanks of the range. Inyo: Payson Canyon, 6100 ft,
Mitchell 2443a (cited in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uvicinity Crystal Peak, Deep Springs Valley, Morefield 2531
(NY832618). Mono: none. Esmeralda: near Pinyon Hill, 6500 ft, Duran 2761 (UC). Mineral: none.
CALLITRICHACEAE - Water-Starwort Family (CLL - 149)

Callitriche L. Water-starwort
Callitriche verna L. - Vernal Water-starwort.
Sporadic, submersed in quite meadow streams, 8000-12500 ft in the central portion of the range. Inyo:
none. Mono: meadow northeast of Paiute Meadow, 11600 ft, Lloyd 3292 (UC1146729). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
CAMPANULACEAE - Bellflower Family (CAM - 276 )

Genera conspicuously absent: Campanula, Downingia, Heterocodon, Porterella.
Nemacladus Nutt.
1. Pedicles straight or slightly upcurved only at tip ...................................................................... N. glanduliferus
1' Pedicles clearly S-curved .......................................................................................................... N. sigmoideus
Nemacladus glanduliferus Jepson var. orientalis McVaugh –
Occasional in shaded or sheltered settings, pinyon woodland or desert scrub, below 6000 ft on the
southwestern flanks of the range. Inyo:mouth of Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran 3449 (UC1203745,
UC1297491, JEPS23981, JEPS35916, SD62256) UTollhouse Springs, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9594 (CAS,
cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2730 (UC1297250 ) U1.7
mi NE Poleta Mine, 5100 ft, Morefield 3399 (UC1535111, RSA387652, UCR47459) UWilkerson Springs,
southwest base Black Mtn, 4350 ft, Morefield 3588 (UC1545303, RSA442923, UCR59958.2) UW base Black
Mtn, Morefield 3321 (RSA387820) Umouth Payson Canyon, M. Dedecker 1760 (RSA195971, RSA615505).
Mono: north wall Coldwater Canyon, 5000 ft, Morefield 3443 (UC1534859, UCR47418, MO00559834).
Nemacladus sigmoideus G. Robb. - Sigmoid nemacladus
Occasional in shaded or sheltered settings, pinyon woodland or desert scrub, below 6000 ft on the
southwestern flanks of the range. Nemacladus rigidus Curran not vouchered in the Whites, but should be
expected at northern end of the range. Inyo:Marble Canyon at Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2730a
(JEPS35927) UCedar Flat, 7000 ft, Duran 3290 (UC1297251, JEPS35928) U1.7 mi NE Poleta Mine, 5100
ft, Morefield 3400 (UC1535112, RSA387653) UWilkerson Springs, southwest base Black Mtn, 4350 ft,
Morefield 3587 (UC1545302, RSA442924, UCR59957.1) Ufirst canyon south of Silver Canyon, H.A.Mooney
726 (DS). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
CANNABACEAE - Hemp Family (CAN - 65a)

Cannabis L. Hemp, Marijuana
*Cannabis sativa L. - Marijuana.
Sporadic cultivated herb, often in wet thickets, sunny herb rich springs, or elsewhere under irrigation, generally
below 6500 ft: to be expected on the western slope, under cultivation by the good citizens of Bishop and
environs. No regional vouchers known.
CLEOMACEAE – Bee Plant Family (CLE - 108)

Key to Genera
1. Fruit small and ovoid, 2-6 mm, often wider than long ................................................... Cleomella stinkweed
1' Fruit cylindrical, 12-55 mm, much longer than wide ............................................................ Cleome bee plant
Cleome L. Bee Plant

1. Sepals deciduous, inflorescence open, few flowered; anthers 3-6 mm ...................................... C. sparsiflora
1' Sepals persistent, inflorescence dense, many flowered; anthers <2.5 mm .......................................... C. lutea
Cleome lutea Hooker - Yellow Bee Plant.
Occasional in our region, open or disturbed mesic sites in desert scrub bordering springs, and canyon
bottoms, below 7500 ft throughout the range, frequently cultivated in the Owens Valley. Inyo:Antelope
Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3023 (UC1300225); Morefield 2346 (NY222823); Duran 3293 (UC519601, RSA10884,
UCR129890) UCottonwood Creek canyon bottom, 5600 ft, Morefield 4811 (NY223134, RSA486329) Uwest
base Westgard Pass, ca. 4500 ft, H.A.Mooney 789 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); B. Ertter 10067
(UC1618184, JEPS87992); P.A. Raven 17557 (RSA176557) UTollhouse Springs, Lloyd 3332 (UC1300280)
UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2856 (UC1297304) UWyman Canyon 3 miles below
Roberts Ranch, 7500 ft, Duran 1708 (UC1297305); Roberts Ranch, Mitchell 2041 (UC1299824) UDeep
Springs Valley, C.A.Purpus 5812 (UC83259). Mono: Oasis, S.M.White 53a (ILLS); J.&H. Grinell 1044a
(UC569589); A.C. Sanders 2463 (UCR26779); M.D. Windham 2510 (NY584557) UFish Lake Valley, D.
Charleton 177 (UCR42448). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.

Cleome sparsiflora S. Watson - Few-flowered Bee Plant.
Occasional, sandy desert scrub, stabilized dunes, and sandy playa or saline lake shores below 6800 ft in the
valley bottoms flanking the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, A.Tiehm &
M.Williams 6708 (NY222867), Duran 3323 (UC, NY222860); N.&P.K.Holmgren 8700 (NY222888), 14339
(NY717897); W.A. Archer 7246 (NY222851) UFish Lake Valley at Chiatovich Creek turnoff, A.Pinzl 8133
(NY222800) UA Lazy L Ranch, A.Pinzl 5352 (NY222775) UDyer, A. Pinzl 7647 (NY222905). Mineral: none.
Cleomella DC. Stinkweed

1. Plants pubescent; gynophore in fruit 6-8 mm, reflexed ............................................................... C. obtusifolia
1' Plants glabrous; gynophore either <6 mm long or >6 mm and ascending
2. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, the inflorescence indistinct; gynophore reflexed in fruit
................................................................................................................................................. C. brevipes ‚
2' Upper flowers in terminal racemes (some lower flowers subtended by bracts); gynophore spreading to
ascending in fruit
3. Stems branched from base; petals 1.8-2.2 mm; gynophore in fruit 0.3-0.8 mm................... C. parviflora
3' Stems branched from upper nodes; petals 3.5-7 mm; gynophore in fruit 6-10 mm long
4. Petioles elongate, those of the lower or rosette leaves 2-6 cm; leaflets ovate-elliptic,
4-14 mm wide ................................................................................................................... C. hilmanii ‚
4’ Petioles shorter, generally <2 cm; leaves linear, < 4 mm wide
..................................................................................................................................... C. plocasperma
Cleomella brevipes S. Watson - Short-pedicellate stinkweed.
Infrequent, alkaline scalds and saline meadow borders, often in Distichlis swards, below 7200 ft on the
northeast slope of the range, also documented from the SNE portion of Mono County and at Fish Slough in
the Owens Valley. ‚ CNPS List 4.2-- ‚ Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, 4750 ft,
A.Pinzl 8134 (NY222871); A. Tiehm & J. Nachlinger 8215 (NY222899). Mineral: none.
Cleomella hilmanii A. Nelson – Fredrick H. Hilman’s stinkweed
Infrequent, desert scrub communities on the valley floors of the northeast flank of the range, below 6000 ft.
‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: south end Volcanic Hills, 5525 ft, A.Pinzl 11385
Cleomella obtusifolia Torrey & Fremont - Mojave stinkweed.
Frequent in alkaline or sandy desert scrub, below 6000 ft on the east slope: documented from just se of our
area in SE Mono Co. near Benton and at Fish Slough. Inyo: Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3900
ft, Morefield 4036 (UC1550069, NY242299, RSA463791); Taylor 7231 (JEPS90718). Mono: none;
Cleomella parviflora A. Gray – Small-flowered stinkweed.
Occasional, sagebrush desert and alkaline meadow borders, below 6000 ft on the southern and western
flanks of the range. Inyo: near Bishop, A.A.Heller 8289 (NY242409) is a proximal record UAntelope
Springs, Duran 1492a (UC, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UDeep Springs Lake, Duran 3294 (UC519696,
RSA440035, POM214833). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, A. Tiehm & J. Nachlinger 8214
Cleomella plocasperma S. Watson var. plocasperma - Alkali stinkweed.
Occasional, strongly alkaline soils bordering hot springs and subalkaline meadows, below 6000 ft on the
southerly flanks of the range. Inyo: Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Morefield 3724
(UC1545528, NY242062, RSA436661, UCR60165 Mono: none; Esmeralda: marsh of Sand Spring, 5500 ft,
Morefield 2495 (NY242072), 2496 (NY242071) UFish Lake Valley, A. Tiehm & J. Nachlinger 8211
CAPRIFOLIACEAE - Honeysuckle Family (CPR - 271)

Key to Genera
1. Corolla rotate to somewhat campanulate; style short; flowers many in dense branched inflorescence; leaves
compound Sambucus elderberry
1' Corolla tubular-cylindric; style long, flowers paired or few in an open raceme
2’ Flowers bilateral, cylindric, 2-lipped, with a basal gland internally appearing swollen externally
fruit red or black not documented.............................................................................. Lonicera
2’ Flowers radial; campanulate to funnelform, lacking basal internal nectary;
fruit white ......................................................................................................... Symphoricarpos snowberry
Sambucus L. Elderberry
[alt. Adoxacee – Moschatel Family]

Sambucus caerulea Raf. var. caerulea - Mountain elderberry.
Frequent large shrub of canyon bottoms, sheltered mesic hillslopes, below 9500 ft. [S. mexicana C. Presl.
misapplied] Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 7350 ft, Lloyd 2811 (UC1300007); 7500 ft, Duran 3050 (UC477359,
POM219719, RSA4319, SD4956) USilver Canyon, 8800 ft, Lloyd 3884 (UC1389253). Mono: White
Mountains, W.H.Shockley 660 (JEPS12717) UCottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, H.A.Mooney 894 (CAS).
Symphoricarpos Duhamel Snowberry

1. Corolla campanulate, 7-9 mm long; style glabrous; leaves oval ................................................. S. oreophilus
2’ Mounded shrubs, intricately & densely branched, often layering; leaves coriaceous;
upper portion of corolla throat sparsely pubescent internally
not yet documented ........................................................................................... S. oreophilus var. parishii
2’ Erect shrubs; leaves not leathery; corolla glabrous internally
......................................................................................................................... S. oreophilus var. utahensis
1' Corolla salverform, 11-15 mm long; style pilose; leaves lanceolate to elliptic ............................ S. longiflorus
Symphoricarpos longiflorus A. Gray
Frequent in rocky pinyon woodland, subalpine forest, and rarely occupying desert scrub communities, often
on calcareous rocks, below 10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, 8000 ft, H.L.Buckalew s.n.
(SJSU6037); R.G. Swinney 605 (UCR107034, SD129561); narrows at 7000 ft, R.Bacagalupi & L.R.Heckard
8219 (JEPS29082) Ubelow Tollhouse Springs, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9584 (CAS, cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973) UBlack Canyon, 5750 ft, Duran 2648 (UC477358, POM219720, SD4980) Unear Mollie
Gibson Mine, 7000 ft, Taylor 6428 (JEPS) USilver Canyon, 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7226 (JEPS12896)
UWyman Creek, 8100 ft, H.A.Mooney 871 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Mono: White Mountains,
E.C.Nord 2a (UC1092692) UNorth Fork Chiatovich Creek, 9500 ft, Morefield et al. 4579 (UC1545507,
UCR60202) UCrooked Creek 3 mi E of the lab, 9700 ft, H.A.Mooney 877 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973
); 4.8 mi E, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8077 (JEPS28205) UCottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1651 (UC1297476).
Symphoricarpos oreophilus A. Gray var. utahensis (Rydberg) A. Nelson - Utah Snowberry
Occasional shrub of sagebrush scrub, pinyon woodland or conifer forest, below 12800 ft throughout the
range, northerly aspects at lower elevations. [syn. S. vaccioides Rydberg; JM Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A.
Gray misapplied, S. vaccinioides Rydberg]. Symphoricarpos oreophilus A. Gray var. parishii (Rydberg)
Cronquist, included in the key, should be expected to occur in our region. Inyo: Schulman Grove, C.N.Smith
1250 (JEPS33435, RSA298953). Mono: County Line Hill, Dedecker 2193 (RSA617044) U’Harcourt’,
Shockley s.n. in 1886 (JEPS12664). Esmeralda: ridge south of Queen Mine, 10500 ft, R.S.Ferris 6746 (DS).
Mineral: none.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE - Pink Family (CRY - 88)

Key to Genera
Genera Absent: Pseudostellaria, Scopulophila, the latter documented from calcareous rock crevices in the northern Inyo
Mountains within 10 miles of our region.
1. Sepals fused, the calyx tubular; petals clawed (Subfamily Silenoideae)
2' Styles 3 or 4; fruit valves 3,6, or 10 .................................................................................... Silene catch-fly
2' Styles 2; fruit valves 4 ......................................................................................... Saponaria bouncing-bet
1' Sepals free, petals not clawed (Subfamily Alsinoideae)
3. Petals entire
4' Styles and fruit valves 4-5; leaves not rigid ................................................................. Sagina pearl-wort
4' Styles 3; leaves generally rigid
5. Fruit valves 3 ....................................................................................................................... Minuartia
5' Fruit valves 6 .................................................................................................. Eremogone sandwort
3' Petals 2 lobed
6. Fruit cylindric and curved; capsule dehiscing with 10 teeth ................................ Cerastium chickweed
6' Fruit ovoid, not curved; valves 6 or 8........................................................................... Stellaria starwort
Cerastium L.
1. Annual – not documented.................................................................................... C. glomeratum
1' Perennial
2. Petals about as long as sepals ................................................................................................. C. fontanum
2' Petals exceeding sepals by "2 mm ..................................................................................... C. beeringianum

Cerastium beeringianum Cham. & Schldl. var. capillare Fern. & Weig. - Alpine Chickweed.
Uncommon, moist snowmelt rivulets, hidden in mossy turf, snowbeds amidst boulder fields, 11500-14300 ft
along the length of the range. ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, W.H.Shockley 490
(JEPS51363) U1 mi southwest McAfee Meadow, 12240 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 7842 (SJSU6197) UMt. Barcroft,
12500 ft, H.A.Mooney 895 (DS); Morefield 2399 (NY53972) UWhite Mtn Peak, 13300 ft, W.L.Jepson 7390
(JEPS51399); 13200 ft, Duran 1673 (UC1297199); 13500 ft, Duran 2615 (UC1297200. NY53973); 13800 ft,
R.Bacigalupi et al. 8179 (JEPS29048); 13950 ft, Lloyd 3246 (UC1300202, NY446513); N. Hancock 6398
(RSA627158) UPellisier Flats, 13200 ft, Mitchell 2182 (UC1300297) UCabin Creek, Morefield & Perla 4824
(NY446512). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare Greuter & Burdet.
Uncommon, moist grassy sites or herbaceous rich shaded mucky soils below 8000 ft [ssp. triviale (Link)
Jalas, Additions I) Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7000 ft, Morefield & Elias 4590
(NY446349), cf. Additions I. Mineral: none.
Eremogone Fenzl.
1. Sepals obtuse to rounded ................................................................................................................ E. aculeata
1' Sepals acute to spine tipped
2. Leaves green, <2 cm long; nectaries rounded <0.5 mm long ......................................................... E. kingii
2' Leaves gray-glaucous, 3-6 cm long; nectaries 2-lobed, ca. 1 mm long E. macradenia
Eremogone aculeata (S. Watson) Ikonn, - Ridge Sandwort.
Uncommon and scattered on calcareous substrata. [Arenaria aculeata S. Watson] Inyo: none. Mono: near
McAfee Meadow, 12000 ft, Dedecker 1282 (RSA624260) UCottonwood Creek headwaters, 12000 ft, Dedecker
2210 (RSA617005). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: vicinity Tip Top Mine, P. Train 3992 (NY52750).
Eremogone ferrisiae (Abrams) R. L. Hartm. & Rabeler – Roxanna S. Ferris’ Sandwort
Infrequent, sandy or loose soils in open woodland, shrub communities, below 8000 ft on the westerly flanks
of the range [Arenaria macradenia S. Watson ssp. ferrisiae Abrams] Inyo: none. Mono: between Benton and
Hammil Valley, 6500 ft, Morefield 3749 (UC1545558, UCR60206, NY431154, NY431153) Umouth Rock
Creek, 5900 ft, Morefield 3490 (UC1534823, UCR48165, NY431152). Esmeralda: 2 mi N Sugarloaf Mtn,
8350 ft, Taylor 15265 (UC). Mineral: Montgomery Pass, Morefield 3928 (NY431153).
Eremogone kingii (S. Watson) Ikonn. var. glabrescens (S. Watson) Dorn - King's Sandwort
Common, open windswept alpine ridges, dry flats and slopes in subalpine forest and open pinyon woodland,
above 7800 ft along the length of the range. Very small alpine plants with single flowers have been called
Arenaria kingii var. compacta (Cov.) Maguire, but are simply the clinal extreme of an altitudinal sequence,
not a natural taxon [Arenaria kingii (S. Watson) M.E. Jones var. glabrescens (S. Watson) Maguire]. Inyo:
Schulman Grove, 10350 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 9158 (SJSU14536); G.K. Helmkamp 4298 (UCR121950); some
miles northeasterly thereof, C.N.Smith 1254 (JEPS39958) Uhead of Silver Canyon, 10650 ft, P.Kamb 1233
(UC1178465); Duran 1517 (UC1297196); 10000 ft, H.A. Mooney 238 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
USierra View, 9500 ft, Lloyd 2901 (NY430880); R. Thorne et al. 38679 (RSA291839) UGrandview
Campground vicinity, D. Charlton 4418 (RSA552157); D.F. Howe 3059 (UCR121951) UReed Flat, 10300 ft,
P.A.Munz 21035 (UC1075828, RSA113215, NY430870); 1 mi S, J.&L.Roos 5118 (UC1010183, RSA71774,
NY430871) U8.7 mi N Westgard Pass on White Mtn Rd, 9700 ft, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21924 (UC1075590,
RSA109955, SD144531); 7.2 mi N P.A. Munz 13544 (RSA49534) U16 miles up Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire &
A. Holmgren 26042 (UC739277, NY430866) Uvicinity Mollie Gibson Mine, Morefield 2048 (NY430883)
Uhead Wyman Canyon, G.K. Helmkamp 4301 (UCR121951), Dececker 6126 (RSA626429). Mono: 1 mile N
Sheep Mtn, 11800 ft, J.&L.Roos 5161 (UC1010194); southeast slope, 11450 ft, Lloyd 3179 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973); Dececker 2196 (RSA617042); K. & M. Heil 8468 (SJNM19333) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft,
Duran M85 (UC1297195), 2807 (UC1297194, NY430881, SD62334) UBarcroft lab, 12500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n.
(UC1282615); C.W.Sharsmith 7853 (SJSU6186); R.Bacagalupi et al. 8129 (JEPS28260); Dedecker 1254
(RSA624269) Uhead South Fork Cottonwood Creek, 11700 ft, B. Maguire & A.Holmgren 26153 (UC739289,
NY430868) Usouth rim Cottonwood Creek, 10250 ft, H.A.Mooney 266 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mithcell 1973);
head, Dedecker 2207 (RSA617008) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, B. Maguire & A.Holmgren 26106
(NY430867) UBig Prospector Meadow, W.L.Jepson 7242a (JEPS51325), 7407 (JEPS51497); H. Buckalew 5
(RSA105960) Uvicinity Crooked Creek lab, J.M.Tucker 2238 (UC984722); R.Bacagalupi et al. 8034
(JEPS28144); E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3576 (JEPS32922) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3203
(UC1311766) UIndian Garden Creek watershed, 5850 ft, Morefield & T.S. Ross 4730 (UC1545405,
NY430885) UMontgomery Creek-Marble Creek divide, 11300 ft, Morefield et al. 4120 (UC1549884,
NY430884) UWhite Mountain Peak, K. & M. Heil 8491 (SJNM19356) UWhite Mountains, A.C.Shelton s.n.
(UC465890). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, P. Train 3951 (NY430915) Uhead of Sugarloaf Canyon, Morefield
3981 (NY430891). Mineral: vicinity Tip Top Mine, P. Train 3992 (NY52750 in part).
Eremogone macradenia (S. Watson) Ikonn. var. macradenia - Desert Sandwort.
Uncommon, calcareous or sandy or loose soils in open woodland, shrub communities, below 8000 ft on the
southern flanks of the range [Arenaria macradenia S. Watson ssp. macradenia & ssp. parishorum] Inyo:
western base Black Mtn, 4270 ft, Morefield 3331 (UC1535164, NY431166) UBlack Canyon, 5600 ft, Duran
2637 (UC665673, NY431163) U5.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, Lloyd 2684 (UC1299963, NY431160) Unear
Antelope Springs, Morefield 1913 (RSA463568, NY431164), 1943 (NY431165). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Minuartia L.
References: J. McNeil. 1980. Rhodora 82: 495-502.
1. Plants pulvinate to densely cespitose; rhizomes wanting; taproot absent (<1.5 mm diameter)
2. Petals absent or mere rudiments, plants glabrous ........................................................................ M. stricta
2' Petals evident; plants glandular ................................................................................................... M. rubella
1' Plants forming diffuse mounds or mats, rhizomes well developed; taproot >3 mm diameter
......................................................................................................................................................... M. nuttallii
3. Leaves recurved; sepals strongly 3-ribbed ...................................................................... M. n. ssp. fragilis
3' Leaves straight; sepals 1-nerved or lateral pair of nerves less obvious ........................... M. n. ssp. gracilis
Minuartia nuttallii (Pax) Briq. ssp. fragilis (Maguire & A. Holmgren) McNeill - Fragile Mat-sandwort.
Infrequent, calcareous substrates and sedimentary deposits, below 9000 ft on the northern end of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, Morefield 4666 (NY431187); Mineral: Mongromery Pass,
6900 ft, Morefield 3933 (NY446147), Additions IV; Morefield & Abbott 4528 (NY446148), H.D.D. Ripley & R.C.
Barneby 3712 (NY431190).
Minuartia nuttallii (Pax) Briq. ssp. gracilis (Robinson) McNeill - Nuttall's Mat-sandwort.
Occasional, steep slopes on moving scree or talus, 4500-10400 ft on the both slopes of the range Inyo:
none. Mono: dolomite talus, 11200 ft on Sheep Mtn, H.A.Mooney 848 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973).
Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, Morefield 4660 (NY446177). Mineral: none.
Minuartia rubella (Wahlenberg) Hiern - boreal stitchwort
Uncommon, soilfluction terraces and alpine ridges, 9500-12000 ft in the central portion of the range. Inyo:
none. Mono: dolomite barrens near Sheep Mtn, 11630 ft, Morefield 2304 (NY446275), Additions III USheep
Mountain, east base, 11700 ft, Dedecker 2195 (RSA617043), B. Maguire & A.H. Holmgren 26117 (NY446245);
J. Greenhouse 5011 (JEPS97795); L. P. Janeway & B. Castro 6598 (CHSC78630) UBarcroft gate, J. Pinkava
et al. 2626 (UC1586861).
Minuartia stricta (Swartz) Heirn - Strict sandwort.
Infrequent, moist gravelly sites above timberline, 10000-13000 ft . [M. rossii (Richardson) McNeil,
misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973; syn. Arenaria r. R. Br.] Inyo: none. Mono: 1 mi southwest McAfee
Meadow, 12240 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 7846 (SJSU6193); 11500 ft, Duran 2829 (UC1285707, NY446280) UWhite
Mtn Peak, Morefield & O.Pollak 4084 (UC1549872, NY446281). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Sagina L.
Sagina saginoides (L.) H. Karsten var. hesperia Fernald
Infrequent, meadows and moist alpine turf sites, shaded streambanks, 8000 ft to near or above timberline,
along the length of the range. [Reference: G.E. Crow. 1978. Rhodora 80:1-91.] Inyo: none. Mono: near
Barcroft Lab, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8141 (JEPS29010); Taylor 5197 (JEPS90778) UNorth Fork Cottonwood
Creek, Morefield et al. 4606 (NY446496) UTres Plumas Meadow, Morefield 2249 (NY446457) Uvicinity
Barcroft Lab, Morefield 2404 (NY446458), 2405 (NY446459). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, Duran 2801
(UC).
Saponaria L.
*Saponaria officinalis L. - Bouncing-Bet.
Infrequent, weed of ruderal sites, dry washes, below 7000 ft on the southerly flanks of the range. Inyo:
Cottonwood Creek, 6090 ft, Morefield 4792 (UC1552018). Mono: Piute Creek Canyon, Taylor obs. in 1982
(no voucher taken). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Silene L.
References: C.L.Hitchcock & B. Maguire, Univ. Wash. Pubs. Biol. 13:1-72.1947; A.Tiehm Brittonia 37: 346. 1985.
1' Corolla <10 mm long, calyx 5-8 mm long ....................................................................................... S. menziesii
1' Corolla >10 mm long, calyx 8-18 mm long
2' Petal blade 2-lobed, sometimes with very short subsidiary teeth at base
3' Basal leaves densely tufted, fleshy, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, none >5 mm wide; flowering stems
<25 cm tall ...............................................................................................S. sargentii
3' Basal leaves not tufted nor fleshy, generally lanceolate to oblanceolate, some >5 mm wide, flowering
stems 25-40 cm tall ..................................................................................S. verecunda

2' Petal blade 4 or 8 lobed
4. Petal appendages 2, laciniate, their apex rounded, 2-3 mm long; claw and filaments ciliate
.............................................................................................................................................S. bernardina
4’ Petal appendages 4-6, linear, apex acute, 1-1.5 mm longl claw and filaments glabrous
................................................................................................................................................ S. oregana
Silene bernardina S. Watson ssp. rigidula (Robinson) A. Tiehm– Palmer’s catchfly
Rocky soils and rock outcrops, talus and colluvium, 10000-125000 ft throughout the range [JM - not
recognized, syn. S. montana S. Waston; S. b. ssp. maguirei Bocquet] Inyo: head Wyman Canyon, P.A. Munz
21045 (RSA115089) U17 miles up Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26046 (UC739284, NY446633)
Uvicinity County Line Hill, R. Bacigalupi & P.C. Hutchinson 8200 (JEPS29066). Mono: White Mountains,
12000 ft, Shockley 595 (GH37924, holotype of S. shockleyi S. Watson, a synonym) Ueast flank Campito
Mountain, 10800 ft, Lloyd 3176 (UC1389245, UC1300193) Uvicinity Sheep Mountain, Mitchell 2222
(NY446623) Uupper Cottonwood Creek basin, Morefield 2436 (NY446624) UCampito Meadow, B.Maguire &
A. Holmgren 26152 (UC739281, UTC67112, NY446634) UCrooked Creek cave, Lloyd 3231 (UC1311751)
Usoutheast rim of Perry Aiken Flat, Morefield & McCarty 4167 (NY446635). Esmeralda: Middle Creek,
Morefield 4635 (NY446639); Mineral: none.
Silene menziesii Hooker – Menzies’ catchfly
Occasional in overhanging moist turf of springs, shade of willows in meadows, and alpine turf communities,
8000-12500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3138
(UC477374, POM219785, SD1628, NY452819 labeled as 728). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9200 ft, Lloyd
3301 (UC1300267, NY452825); McCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Duran 1649 (UC1297202) USouth Fork
Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, H.A.Mooney 458 (DS) Uconfluence Cottonwood Creek and Tres Plumas Creek,
Morefield 2284 (NY452824) UCrooked Creek, J. & L. Roos 5866 (UC1023385), J. Roos s.n. (UCR27591)
UPiute Creek, 10400 ft, Taylor 8587 (UC1520584). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Silene oregana S. Watson
Known from the White Mountains only on the basis on a single collection, which should be sought for
additional study : Mono: White Mountains, 9000 ft, Shockley 487 (JEPS50911). Inyo: none; Esmeralda:
Silene sargentii S. Watson - Alpine Campion.
Occasional, rocky slopes and sandy solifluction sites, at 11000-14000 ft throughout the range. Two
collections from the Whites are putative hybrids with S. bernardina, Lloyd 3176 and Cook s.n. Inyo: none.
Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 11800 ft, Duran 2599 (UC1297203, NY452945) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, 12600 ft,
R.Bacagalupi et al. 8130 (JEPS228999); Morefield 2398 (NY452948) UMontgomery Creek-Marble Creek
divide, 11300 ft, Morefield et al. 4111 (UC1550033, NY452949) Unortheast slope of Sheep Mountain, 12100
ft, Mitchell 2222 (UC1299885); S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282616). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Silene verecunda S. Watson ssp. andersonii (Clokey) C. Hitchc. & Maguire – C. L. Anderson’s catchfly
Rocky soils and rock outcrops, 7000-10000 ft throughout the range. [JM - not recognized] Inyo: Wyman
Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 3159 (UC1297280); 7900 ft, Taylor & G.L.Clifton 10054 (JEPS) Ulower Cottonwood
Creek, Morefield 4804 (RSA486336, NY453018). Mono: Benton Station, M.E.Jones s.n. (POM) is a proximal
record UBig Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7238 (JEPS51039) ULeidy Creek, 7050 ft, Morefield
4148 (UC1549855, RSA463762, NY453017) Uvicinity Campito Meadow, Lloyd 3176 (NY453021).
Stellaria L.
References: J.K. Morton and R.K. Rabeler. 1989. Can. J. Bot. 67:121-127; Chinnappa & Morton. 1991. Rhodora 93:129-
135.
1. Annual; sepals 4-6 mm; petals usually present; seeds 0.9-1.3 mm .................................................... S. media
1' Perennial
4. Petals > sepals ........................................................................................................................... S. longipes
4' Petals < sepals or petals absent
6. Flowers in a terminal, umbel-like cymose inflorescence
7’ Inflorescence bracts with scarious margins
............................................................................................................................................ S. umbellata
7' Inflorescence bracts like the leaves
......................................................................................................................................... S. calycantha
6’ Flowers in axils of the leaves
....................................................................................................................................................... S. crispa
Stellaria calycantha (Ledebour) Bongard - Northern bog starwort.
Uncommon in wet alpine turf streambanks and meadows, at 10000-12000 ft on the northern end of the
range. Inyo: none. Mono:Chiatovich Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 3122 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973).
Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, Morefield 4683 (NY453139); Mineral: none.

Stellaria crispa Chamisso & Schlechtendal – crisp starwort
Uncommon, moist subalpine sites in the central portion of the range. Inyo: none. Mono:Cottonwood Creek
basin, 10400 ft, Morefield 2330 (NY453158). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Stellaria longipes Goldie var. longipes - Long-stalked starwort.
Frequent, wet meadows and riparian sites, 8000-13000 ft throughout the range.Inyo: none. Mono: White
Mountains, W.H.Shockley 1183 (JEPS51136) UCrooked Creek, 9000 ft, Lloyd 2870 (UC1300127); head
thereof, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26062 (UC701583, NY482952); 10100 ft, L.R.Heckard 1274 (JEPS29422);
A. Nordyke s.n. (JEPS51102); J.C. Roos s.n. (UCR27548) UCottonwood Creek, 9000 ft, Duran 1595
(UC1297197) UMcAfee Creek, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3323 (UC1146723, NY482951) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000
ft, Lloyd 3236 (UC1311748) UTres Plumas Meadow, Morefield 2264 (NY482966). Esmeralda: Big Meadows,
Chiatovich Creek, 8800 ft, Duran 3330 (NY482893) UMiddle Creek, Morefield 4230 (NY482889). Mineral:
none.
*Stellaria media (L.) Villars - - Common chickweed.
Infrequent waif of ruderal sites, roadsides, habitation sites, below 12000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
none.Mono:Barcroft Gate, T.Spira obs. (reported in Additions II, no voucher known). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Stellaria umbellata Turczaninow – umbellate starwort.
Uncommon, moist meadows or mossy shaded streambanks, at 9000-12000 ft in the central portion of the
range. Inyo: none. Mono: meadow near Barcroft Lab, 12280 ft, Morefield 2403 (NY483021, Additions III).
CHENOPODIACEAE - Beet Family (CHE - 79)

Key to Genera
1. Shrubs
2' Stems fleshy and jointed ............................................................................................................. Allenrolfea
2' Stems woody
2. Plants stellate pubescent ....................................................................... Krascheninnikovia winter fat
2' Plants glabrous, farinose or scurfy pubescent (powdery or scaly)
4. Pistillate flowers enclosed between 2 tightly united or fused scale-like bractlets
5. Pistillate bractlets thick and fleshy at maturity, fused into a sac; leaves glabrous or with a few
branched trichomes ............................................................................................................ Grayia
5' Pistillate bractlets fused only at base, scarious and ornamented at maturity; leaves densely gray
scaly with scurfy (deflated bladder-like trichomes) Atriplex saltbush
4' Pistillate flowers subtended by a single bract or flowers perfect
6. Brachlets spinose; staminate flowers in spikes, separated from the axillary pistillate flowers
.............................................................................................................. Sarcobatus greasewood
6' Branchlets not spinose; flowers bisexual and all axillary
7. Flowering stems sparsely pubescent to canescent; calyx lobes with scarious wings in fruit
............................................................................................................................................. Kochia
7' Flowering stems glabrous; calyx lobes rounded or keeled in fruit ............... Suaeda seepweed
1' Herbs
8' Leaves opposite throughout .......................................................................................................... Nitrophila
8' Leaves alternate (rarely opposite at lower 1-2 nodes in some Atriplex)
9. Pistillate flowers enclosed in two bractlets, these united at base
10. Pistillate flowers subtended by a rudimentary, membranous perianth ................. Endolepis fat hens
10' Pistillate flowers lacking any vestige of a rudimentary perianth ..............Atriplex orache, smallscale
9' Flowers bisexual or pistillate flowers not enclosed by two bractlets
11. Leaves or inflorescence bracts spine tipped
12. Leaves cylindric, blunt and abruptly bristle-tipped; sepal tips winged in fruit ................ Halogeton
12' Leaves flattened, linear, tapered to the acute tip; sepal back winded in fruit
........................................................................................................................... Salsola tumbleweed
11' Leaves and bracts not spiny
13. Calyx lobes unequal, one lobe longer than others ............................................................ Suaeda
13' Calyx lobes equal
13. Calyx winged in fruit
14. Leaves wavy-toothed; calyx wing forming a continuous ring
14' Leaves entire; wings separated into 5-segments .................................................... Kochia
13' Calyx not winged in fruit
15' Calyx lobes with a hooked spine .............................................................................. Bassia
15' Calyx lobes not appendaged

16. Calyx lobes and stamens 1-3 ...................................................................... Monolepis
16' Calyx lobes and stamens 5........................ Chenopodium goosefoot, lambs quarters
Allenrolfea Kuntze
Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Watson) Kuntze - Iodine Bush.
Frequent, alkaline soils on the floor of the Owens Valley, below 5000 ft, specifically not ascending alluvium
into the mountains proper. Inyo: Owens Valley, C.R.Annable et al. 2565 (NY44083) is a proximal voucher
UWhite Mountain Research Station, Bishop, K.M. Calloway s.n. (UCI22765). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Atriplex L.
1. Fleshy succulent herbs, strongly red tinged; rudimentary perianth present ....................................... A. covillei
1' Perianth absent entirely; shrubs or grey to green herbs
2. Shrubs
3. Fruiting bracteoles conspicuously 4-winged ...................................................................... A. canescens
3' Fruiting bracteoles not winged
4. Fruiting bracteoles 2-6 mm long
5. Leaves of the flowering shoots clasping, the base truncate or cordate ................................... A. parryi
5' Leaves of the flowering shoots short petioled, of if subsessile, tapered at base
6. Leaf blade oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, 2-4 mm wide ........................................ A. polycarpa
6' Leaf blade ovate to deltate, generally >10 mm wide (note particularly vegetative shoots)
7. Small shrubs <2 m tall; twigs sharp angled, striate .................................................... A. torreyi
7' Large shrubs 2-5 m tall at maturity; twigs neither striate or sharp angled ........... A. lentiformis
4' Fruiting bracteoles 5-20 mm long; low shrubs <1 m tall .................................................. A. confertifolia
2' Herbs
8' Leaves generally green on both surface, the scruf sparse on expanded mature leaves
............................................................................................................................................ A. triangularis
8' Leaves generally gray, densely scrufy on even the largest leaves
9. Fruiting bracteoles widest at or above the middle
10' Stems terminated by an ebracteate inflorescence of male flowers, the female flowers axillary below;
fruiting bracteoles with a central tooth larger than the others
................................................................................................................................ A. serenana
10' Inflorescence of mixed clusters of both female and male flowers
11' Fruiting bracteoles with a "5-7 equal, major teeth A. argentea
11' Fruiting truncate and wedge-shaped, terminted by several small, usually unequal teeth
.............................................................................................................................. A. truncata
9' Fruiting bracteoles widest below the middle
12. Leaves entire, lanceolate to ovate; leaves flexible; stems brittle and readily segmenting at maturity,
not striate
13. Male flowers mostly in terminal, ebracteate panicles; fruiting bracteoles >2 mm long
.................................................................................................................................A. serenana
13' Male flowers distributed all along the stems in axillary clusters; fruiting bracteoles <1 mm long
not documented ......................................................................................................... A. pusilla ‚
9' Leaves triangular, and dentate or entire and brittle; stems striate, flexible, not breaking apart at maturity;
mature fruiting bracteoles fused to middle, bony-hard .......................................................... A. rosea
Atriplex argentea Nuttall var. hilmanii M.E. Jones - Reno silverscale.
Infrequent summer annual of desert scrub communities, often on the edge of washes or pavement (where
irrigated from summer rainfall) below 6500 ft on the lower flanks of the range. ‚ CNPS List 2 ‚ Inyo:
none. Mono: Fish Lake Valley, 5000 ft, Duran 3320 (UC665678, NY527992, NY527993); 0.7 mile south of
Milner Creek mouth, Morefield 3956 (NY527994). Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, M. Williams & A. Tiehm 81-
1102 (NY527974) USand Spring, Morefield 3946 (NY527991). Mineral: none.
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall ssp. canescens - Fourwing Saltbush.
Frequent, dry hot stony soils below 8000 ft, on many upland sites throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard
Pass Rd, 5500 ft, C.N.Smith 1375 (JEPS48101); C.B. Wolf 3229 (POM195296); R.S. Wolgam 3168
(RSA608557); 7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2668 (UC1299975) Umouth Mollie Gibson Canyon,
6960 ft, Lloyd 2954 (UC1300061) Unear Antelope Springs, Morefield s.n. (RSA463674) UBlack Canyon
5700 ft, Duran 524 (UC439782, SD1447). Mono: Pellisier Ranch, floor Benton Valley, J.Grinell s.n.
(JEPS59544). Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, A. Tiehm & J. Nachlinger 8210 (NY526687) UBusher Creek,
Morelfield 4010 (NY526724). Mineral: none.
Atriplex confertifolia (Torrey & Fremont) S. Watson – Shadscale

Frequent, alkaline soils at altitude, more neutral soils and dominant at lower elevations, below 8500 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Black Canyon; Duran 523 (UC439781, SD1449); at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft,
Duran 3126 (UC1297166); 6500 ft, Duran 1753 (UC1297167) USilver Canyon, 4300 ft, Duran 3461
(UC1297168); 5100 ft, Lloyd 2828 (UC1300000); 5500 ft, Duran 3155 (UC1297170, RSA181845, SD62392);
5600 ft, Duran 3156 (UC477376, RSA4359, NY526831, SD1450); 6500 ft, Lloyd 2837 (UC1300107,
NY526832); 6700 ft, C.B.Wolf 1419 (RSA3332), 2595 (UC527263) U5.4 mi W Westgard Pass, 5900 ft, Lloyd
2673 (UC1299972) UW side Westgard Pass, R.S. Ferris 6930 (RSA172691) UCedar Flat, 7500 ft,
C.W.Sharsmith 9157 (SJSU14535) Unear Poleta Mine, Morefield 2104 (RSA463951). Mono: Pellisier Ranch,
floor Benton Valley, J.Grinell s.n. (UC205307). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek mouth. A. Pinzl 1541
(NY526845) U vicinity Sand Spring, Morlefield 3944 (NY526885). Mineral: none.
Atriplex covillei (Standley) J.F. MacBride - Fat Hens.
Occasional, alkaline flats on the floor of the valley bottoms flanking the range, below 5000 ft,. [JM - Atriplex
phyllostegia S. Watson, syn. Endolepis covillei Standley] Inyo: Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3900
ft, Taylor 7228 (JEPS90614); Morefield 4037 (UC1550070). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Sand Spring, 5650 ft,
Morefield 2498 (NY528203, cited in Additions III) UFish Lake Valley, A. Pinzl 8131 (NY528207); A. Tiehm &
J. Nachlinger 8212 (NY528143). Mineral: none.
Atriplex parryi S. Watson – Charles C. Parry=s brittlebush.
Occassional shrub of moist, groundwater influenced finer subsaline valley soils, or about springs, playas,
and washes, below 7000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Sand
Spring, 5650 ft, Morefield 1992 (NY528050, NY528049, see Additions III) UFish Lake Valley, W.A. Archer
7244 (NY528052, NY528053). Mineral: none.
Atriplex polycarpa (Torrey) S. Watson -Many seeded saltbush
Occassional, alkaline soils at altitude, more neutral soils, dominant at lower elevations, below 8500 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4900 ft, Duran 3128 (UC477378, NY528156, RSA4360, SD1448)
Unear Poleta Mine, Morefield 2112 (RSA463952). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Busher Creek canyon, Morefield
*Atriplex rosea L. - Bonescale
Scattered, summer annual frequently seen along roadsides and scattered in washes, below 8000 ft on the
lower flanks of the range. Inyo: spring 1 mi South of Silver Canyon mouth, 4250 ft, Morefield 3120
(UC1523861, NY528264, RSA347392, UCR44055). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Atriplex serenana A. Nelson var. serenana – Bractscale
Infrequent, summer annual seen along roadsides, and in finer soils near springs and lower canyon settings,
below 8000 ft on the lower flanks of the range; possibly adevntative in our area from cismontane CA. Inyo:
spring 1 mi South of Silver Canyon mouth, 4250 ft, Morefield 3119 (UC1523860, UCR44087, NY528324)
UTollhouse Springs, Westgard Pass Road, L.C. Wheeler 8851 (RSA599957). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Atriplex torreyi S. Watson var. torreyi – John Torrey=s saltbush
Occassional shrub of subsaline or subalkaline, mesic, fine soils on the lower flanks of the range, below 6000
ft. Inyo: Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4376 (UC1550031)
UOwens River at Zurich, C.B.Wolf 1704 (UC484035) USilver Canyon, Duran 3154 (NY528335, SD1451).
Atriplex triangularis Willdenow -
Infrequent, saline meadows and saltgrass swards, below 5000 ft on the western flanks of the range
Inyo:Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Taylor 7173 (JEPS); Morefield 4372 (RSA464020).
Atriplex truncata (Torrey) A. Gray -
Infrequent, saline meadows and saltgrass swards, below 5000 ft on the western flanks of the range. Inyo:
Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Taylor 7173B (JEPS). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Bassia All.
*Bassia hyssopifolia (Pallas) Kuntze –
Frequent, disturbed sites, roadsides and alkaline soil sites, below 4000 ft on the west flanks of the range in
Owens Valley. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, in the road, 6000 ft, Morefield (Additions II) USilver Canyon, Morefield
2503 (NY529205) UTollhouse Springs, Westgard Pass Road, L.C. Wheeler 8850 (RSA596731). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: vicinity Sand Spring, 5510 ft, Morefield 2485 (NY529198); Mineral: none.
Chenopodium L.
Reference: J.R. Akeroyd. 1993. Chenopodium, pp. 111-114 in: Flora Europea (2nd Edition)
1. Plants glandular, often ill-smelling see.............................................................................................. Dysphania
1' Plants glabrous or sparsely farinose-pubescent, not glandular and sticky
2. Perennial, caudex stout and fleshy; calyx tube => lobes ..................................................... C. californicum
2' Annual; calyx tube < lobes
3. Calyx lobes 3 or 4; seeds mostly vertical (horizontal seeds infrequent and present within flowers with 4 or 5
calyx lobes)
4. Upper inflorescence spicate, terminal, >15 mm in diameter
5.Vertical seeds enclosed by calyx tube; style lobes ascending .......................... C. chenopodioides
5' Vertical seeds subtended by calyx tube; style lobes spreading
6.Leaves densely scurfy below; horizontal seeds frequent on the plant ..................... C. glaucum
6.Leaves glabrous ......................................................................................................... C. rubrum
4' Upper inflorescence axillary, spherical or cylindric, <10 mm in diameter
7. Lower cauline leaves lanceolate to deltate, the lower surface glabrous;
sepals thickened in fruit ........................................................................... C. foliosum
7' Lower cauline leaves blades oblong to ovate, the lower surface densely farinose; sepals thin and
membranous in fruit
......................................................................................................................................... C. glaucum
3' Calyx lobes generally 5 and seeds horizontal
8. Lower cauline leaves 1-veined from base
9. Lower leaf blades > 4 mm wide; calyx lobes strongly keeled in fruit; pericarp easily separated from fruit
..................................................................................................................................... C. desiccatum
9' Lower leaf blades <3.5 mm wide; calyx lobes weekly keeled in fruit; pericarp adherent to seed, not
easily separated ...................................................................................................... C. leptophyllum
8' Lower cauline leaves 3-veined from base
10. Pericarp free from seed (easily detached with a dissecting needle)
11. Leaves generally 2x long as wide
12. Plants freely branched above, the branches dense; top of fruit hidden by calyx lobes
..................................................................................................................................... C. desiccatum
12' Plants unbranched or with a few strictly basal branches; top of fruit visible between the calyx lobes
13. Lower cauline leaves entire, 2-3x as long as wide .................................................. C. atrovirens
13' Lower cauline leaves lobed, 3-5x as long as wide ................................................. C. pratericola
11' Leaves generally <1.5 x as long as wide
14. Fruit top visible between calyx lobes, fruit 1.1.5 mm diameter; leaf blade thin .......... C. fremontii
14' Fruit top not visible between calyx lobes, fruit about 1 mm diameter; leaf blade thick and leathery
................................................................................................................................... C. incanum
10' Pericarp adherent to seed (not easily separated upon dissection)
18. Lower cauline leaves entire or 1-2 toothed at base
19. Plants freely branched, the crown outline wide and rounded; fruit 1.1.5 mm diameter
...................................................................................................................................... C. nevadense
19' Plants unbranched or sparingly branched and the branches not at every node
20. Lower cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate to elliptic; fruit "1 mm diameter...................... C. hians
20' Lower cauline leaves ovate to deltoid; fruit 1-.5 mm diameter
................................................................................................................................ C. incognitum
18' Lower cauline leaves many toothed well above the base of the leaf
21. Pericarp minutely reticulate (at 20x); calyx lobes widely keeled in fruit
...................................................................................................................................... C. berlandieri
21' Pericarp smooth or irregularly roughened; calyx lobes not keeled or at most with a narrow feeble
keel C. album
*Chenopodium album L. - Lamb=s quarters
Infrequent weed of disturbed sites, livestock beds, below 6000 ft in the Owens Valley region. Inyo: none.
Mono: Benton Station, H.M.Hall 12279 (UC322992) is a proximal record. Esmeralda: Busher Creek
Canyon, Morefield 4019 (NY529377); Mineral: Montgomery Pass, Morefield & C.W. Abbott 4257 (NY529378).
Chenopodium atrovirens Rydberg – darkgreen lamb’s quarters
Dry open slopes in desert scrub, pinyon, subalpine sagebrush communities, and upwrards rarely in the
alpine in disturbed sites, below 12500 ft. Inyo: Reed Flat, Dedecker 3355 (RSA625401) UAntelope Springs,
5600 ft, P.H.Raven 7049 (CAS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uhead Wyman Canyon, P.A. Munz 21054
(NY541171); 8600 ft, Dedecker 5502 (RSA625246). Mono: Crooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3266
(UC1311739, NY541170) Uvicinity Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, J.M.Tucker 2251 (UC984769); Lloyd 3114
(NY529438) UBarcroft lab, 12300 ft, T. Spira 213 (JEPS85255), 216 (JEPS85256); C.W.Sharsmith 7847
(SJSU6192). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2521 (WMRS); Morefield & Abbot 4322 (NY529426Z)
UBusher Creek canyon, Morefield 4020 (NY529424) UMustang Mountain, Morefield & McCarty 4055
Chenopodium berlandieri Moquin –

Infrequent, moist spring margins and roadsides, below 9500 ft on the southerly end of the range. Inyo:
Tollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 3327 (UC1300286) USierra View, Dedecker 4199 (RSA624819). Mono:
none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi - Indian paint
Our specimens are not annotated as to variety: Welsh (2003) FNA Vol. 4 treats both var. capitatum and var.
parvicapitatum S.L. Welsh as being within our general area. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8600 ft, Dedecker 5503
(RSA625245) Mono: Bucks Peak, Mitchell 2230 (UC1297160, NY536896). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Chenopodium desiccatum A. Nelson –
Infrequent, open sandy soils in pinyon woodland or sagebrush, below 11000 ft on the southerly end of the range.
Inyo: White Mountain Road, 7700 ft, H.A.Mooney 357 (DS) Unorth end Sagehen Flat, 10500 ft, H.A.Mooney 542
(DS). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, Morefield & C.W. Abbott 4321 (NY536905); Mineral: none.
*Chenopodium foliosum (Moench) Asch. –
Occasional, open sagebrush or meadow borders, at 8000-12000 ft in the central part of the range. [syn. C. overi
Aellen] Inyo: none. Mono: 0.6 miles South of Lamb Camp, 11600 ft, Taylor 9342 (JEPS) UCrooked Creek,
9500 ft, Duran 1544 (UC1297160). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chenopodium fremontii S. Watson – 40th Parallel goosefoot
Infrequent, open sandy soils in pinyon woodland or sagebrush, below 11000 ft on the southerly end of the
range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, 7700 ft, Lloyd 3029 (UC1300335); 7900 ft, Dedecker 2235 (RSA616564)
UWyman Canyon narrows, Morefield 2521 (NY536968); 8500 ft, Dedecker 6243 (RSA627057). Mono: none.
Chenopodium incanum (S. Watson) A. Heller var. occidentale D.J. Crawford -
Infrequent, open sandy soils in pinyon woodland or desert scrub, below 7000 ft on the southerly end of the
range (sporadic elsewhere?). Inyo: mouth of Furnace Creek, 5580 ft, Morefield et al. 4407 (UC1545428,
NY537111). Mono: 1 mi SW of McAfee Meadow, 12200 ft, C.W. Sharsmith 7847 (SJSU6192) is labeled as
this taxon. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
*Chenopodium leptophyllum Moquin –
Frequent, open sandy soils in pinyon woodland or sagebrush, below 11000 ft throughout the range. [C.
hians Standley, misapplied] Inyo: head of Wyman Canyon, 10000 ft, P.A.Munz 21060 (UC1075834) UReed
Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21017 (UC1075852) Umouth of Silver Canyon, 4300 ft, Duran 3460 (UC1297162);
head, Morefield & T.S. Ross 4728 (NY678504). Mono: vicinity Crooked Creek lab, 10300 ft, R.Bacagalupi &
P.C.Hutchinson 8059 (JEPS28179); E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3588 (JEPS32948); J.M.Tucker 2250
(UC984761, reported in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973 as C. hians) Uhead of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire &
A.Holmgren 26158 (UC701404, NY537095) UBarcroft lab, 12300 ft, T.Spria 204 (JEPS85251) UCottonwood
Creek, 8900 ft, Lloyd 2928 (UC1300307); head, 12000 ft, Dedecker 2229 (RSA617012), 11700 ft, 6035
(RSA627169) UCampito Mountain, Dedecker 5474 (RSA625429). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 7400 ft,
W.A.Archer 7227 (UC, NY537139) UBusher Creek canyon, Morefield 4018 (NY537142). Mineral: none.
Chenopodium nevadense Standley –
Infrequent, open sandy soils in pinyon woodland or desert scrub, below 7000 ft on the easterly flanks of the
range. Inyo:Deep Springs Valley, P.H.Raven 7049 (CAS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: vicinity Red
Mountain, Fish Lake Valley, 5300 ft, Morefield 3046 (UC1523900, UCR44111, NY537179). Esmeralda:
mouth of Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft, Duran 3273 (UC) UBusher Creek, Morefield 4022 (NY537180) Uvicinity
Sand Spring, Morefield & T.S. Elias 4538 (NY537181) . Mineral: none.
Chenopodium pratericola Rydberg –
Infrequent, open sandy soils in pinyon woodland or desert scrub, below 7000 ft on the southerly end of the
range. [C. dessicatum A. Nelson var. leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl] Inyo: none. Mono: Benton, H.M.Hall
12278 (UC322994). Esmeralda: Middle Creek Canyon, Morefield & R. Price 4634 (NY537227). Mineral:
none.
*Chenopodium rubrum L.
Sporadic weed of disturbed roadsides, graded areas, below 12500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Barcroft
lab, 12300 ft, T.Spria 205 (JEPS85252). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Rafinesque - large-seeded goosefoot
Uncommon, openings in pinyon woodland at 7000-9000 ft on the southern end of the range ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚
[syn. C. gigantospermum Aellen] Inyo:summit Westgard Pass, under pinyons, 7800 ft, E.C.Jaeger s.n. (POM,
cited by Lloyd & Mtichell 1973) is our only record; the taxon is documented from the Inyo Mountains. Mono:
Dysphania R. Brown
1. Plants sprawling, the branches decumbent; calyx reticulate
Not yet documented .................................................................................................................. D. multifidum
1' Plants with erect stems

3. Inflorescence an elongate spike or panicle >10 mm in diameter
4. Flowers pedicellate; inflorescence branches curved; glandular hairs of sepals short stalked, pericarp
adherent to seed ....................................................................................................................... D. botrys
4' Flowers sessile; inflorescence branches straight; glandular hairs on sepals sessile; pericarp free from seed
Not yet documented ...............................................................................D. ambrosioides
3' Inflorescence spheric, 3-6 mm in diameter
Not yet documented ............................................................................................................... D. pumilio
*Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants. - Jerusalem Oak
Occasion weed of disturbed roadsides, graded areas, below 8000 ft throughout the range [JM - Chenopodium
botrys L.] Inyo: Marble Fork Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2858 (UC1297277) USilver Canyon 4.7 mi E of
Laws, 7000 ft, P.A. Munz 12716 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973, but cf RSA39711 which is Camissonia
boothii). Mono: mouth Cottonwood Canyon, Hammil Valley, 5800 ft, C.W.Sharsmith 8875 (SJSU10293).
Grayia Hook. & Arn.

Grayia spinosa (Hooker) Moq. - Hop Sage
Frequent in rocky sagebrush scrub, desert scrub, and canyon wall settings below 9500 ft throughout the
range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 6800 ft, Lloyd 2812 (UC1300304) Umouth Mollie Gibson Canyon, 6960 ft,
Lloyd 2959 (UC1300062) UWestgard Pass Rd. 6600 ft, H.A. Mooney 61 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
UBlack Ace Mine, Cedar Flats, 7200 ft, H.A.Mooney 805 (DS) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft,
Duran 2677 (UC439783) USilver Canyon, 5700 ft, Mitchell 1499 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono:
Benton Station, R.E.Douglas 44 (SJSU10639) Umouth Coldwater Canyon, 4670 ft, Morefield
&D.H.McCarty 3451 (UC1534905, UCR47620) Umouth Furnace Creek, 5580 ft, Morefield et al. 4435
Halogeton C.A. Meyer

*Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C. Meyer –
Infrequent, disturbed alkaline soils below 8500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Fish Lake Valley (Additions
III) UDeep Springs Valley (Additions III) Mono: Milner Canyon. Morefield 2198 (NY537531). Esmeralda:
Queen Canyon, Albert Mine, 8200 ft, Taylor 15243 (UC) Mineral: none.
Kochia Roth
1. Annual; lower cauline leaves short petiolate, 3-5 veined at base ................................................... K. scoparia
1' Perennial; lower cauline leaves sessile, veins obscure; finely branched shrubs 3-12 dm; leaves overlapping
................................................................................................................................................. K. americana
Kochia americana S. Watson - American Summer-cypress.
Occasional weed of ruderal sites below 7000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: base of mountains east of Laws,
A.A. Heller s.n. (NY539720). Mono: Fish Lake Valley, C.A.Purpus 5846 (UC135923) Umouth McAfee Creek,
5300 ft, Morefield 3065 (UC1523916, UCR44095, NY539719). Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill, 6500 ft, Duran 2867
(UC) UBusher Creek canyon, 5600 ft, Morefield 4007 (NY539693). Mineral: none.
*Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader - Summer-cypress.
Occasional weed of ruderal sites below 7000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: common about the Bishop lab,
Taylor obs. UWyman Canyon in the road, 6080 ft, Morefield 244 (Additions II). Mono: mouth McAfee Creek,
5300 ft, Morefield 3045 (UC1523899, UCR44104, NY539770) Unear Barcroft Gate, 11500 ft, T. Spira obs
(Addtions II). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Krascheninnikovia Gueldenst
Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit - Winter Fat.
Dominant in fine soils of basins and valleys on the lower flanks of the range, and scattered in desert shrub
communities on gravelly soils, below 8000 ft. [Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq., Ceratoides l. (Pursh) J. Howell].
Inyo: west side Westgard Pass, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9582 (CAS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
Umouth of Birch Creek at Payson Canyon Rd, 5050 ft, Lloyd 2977 (UC1300326, NY529347) USilver
Canyon, E.I.Applegate 6948 (UC583406); C.B.Wolf s.n. (UC527266). Mono: 1 mi up Coldwater Canyon, 5750
ft, Morefield 3438 (UC1534864, UCR47423, NY529345) UPellisier Ranch, 5 mi N Benton, J.Grinell s.n.
(JEPS59791). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3356 (UC) UQueen Canyon, W.A.Archer 7172 (UC)
Uvicinity Sand Spring, 6200 ft, Morefield & T. Elias 4515 (NY529294). Mineral: none.
Monolepis Schrad.
1. Leaves hastate or toothed at base; fruit 1.5-2 mm diameter, pericarp minutely pitted, adherent to seed
................................................................................................................................................. M. nuttalliana
1' Leaves entire, fruit "0.5 mm diameter, pericarp minutely papillate, free from seed ..................... M. spathulata
Monolepis nuttalliana (Schultes) Greene –

Occasional in dryer meadows and loose soil or clay rich barren sites, at 8000-10500 ft throughout the range.
Inyo: Cedar Flat, 7900 ft, Dedecker 2230 (RSA617014) Uhead of Wyman Creek, 10000 ft, P.A.Munz 21046
(RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); J.C. Roos 5852 (UCR19022) URoberts Ranch, 8100 ft, Morefield 2173
(NY539895). Mono: Granite Meadow, 8900 ft, Taylor 9341 (UC1731529) UCrooked Creek lab, 10150 ft,
Lloyd 3113 (UC1300251, NY539894); 3141 (UC1300166); S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282628) UBarcroft
Gate, 11600 ft, T.Spira 391 (JEPS85259) Uhead Cottonwood drainage, 11600 ft, Dedecker 6019
(RSA627426), 12000 ft, Dedecker 2229 (RSA617011) UCampito Meadow, G.K. Helmkamp 4337
(UCR134459), Dedecker 5472 (RSA625427). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Monolepis spathulata A. Gray
Infrequent in well drained coarse soils in open sites in the southern portion of the range, below 10500 ft.
Inyo: vicinity Antelope Springs, 6100 ft, Morefield 2353 (NY539947). Mono: Cottonwood Creek-Crooked
Creek divide near Station Peak, 9650 ft, Morefield 1747 (NY539946). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Nitrophila S. Watson
Nitrophila occidentalis (Nuttall) Moq. –
Infrequent, alkaline meadows about springs, and playa margins on fine soils below 5000 ft in the valley
bottoms flanking the range. Inyo: Warm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 4038
Salsola L.
Reference: J.R. Akeroyd. 1993. Salsola, pp. 125-128 in Flora Europea (Second Edition).
1. Semi-succulent herbs, < 5 dm tall, eastern slope; calyx 3.5-5 mm long ........................................ S. paulsenii
1' Rigid rounded herbs to 15 dm, both slopes of the range, calyx 2.5-3.5 mm long ..................................... S. kali
*Salsola paulsenii Litv. - Barbwire Russian Thistle. –
Scattered weed of disturbed roadsides and barren, mineral soil areas, below 7500 ft on the lower flanks of
the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass’ 7.4 mi W of , 5000 ft, Lloyd 2653 (UC1299985); Tollhouse Springs, Lloyd
3336 (UC1300311) USilver Canyon, 7000 ft, Mitchell 2325 (UC ) Uspring 0.7 mi S mouth of Silver Canyon,
Morefield 3693 (UC1545610, UCR60087, NY540119) UDeep Springs Valley, Morefield 1884 (NY540118).
*Salsola tragus L. Tumbleweed, Russian Thistle –
Frequent weed in the Owens Valley, but only sparingly documented as ascending well into the mountains in
our region. [syn. Salsola kali L. var. tenuifolia Tausch]. Inyo: Uweed in the Bishop lab grounds, Taylor
observation. UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2855 (UC, cited by Lloyd & Mtichell 1973).
Sarcobatus Nees.
1' Leaves pubescent, <10 mm long.............................................................. S. vermiculatus var. baileyi
1' Leaves glabrous, 10-30 mm long ...................................................... S. vermiculatus var vermiculatus
Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hooker) Torrey var. baileyi (Coville) Jepson - Little greasewood.
Frequent, subsaline soils on slopes, and valley bottoms, below 6000 ft on the northeastern end of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: none; Esmeralda: vicinity Sand Spring, 5650 ft, Morefield 1991 (NY540132), 2012
(NY540133), 3943 (NY540134) UOasis, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 25274 (NY541187). Mineral: none.
Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hooker) Torrey - Greasewood –
Scattered in canyons flanking the range, common on subsaline filer soils in the flanking valleys, below 7000
ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 2999 (UC1300208); Mitchell &
Lloyd 1751 (UC1282167); Morefield 1890 (NY540268) UZurich, floor of Owens Valley, C.B.Wolf s.n.
(UC484031); W.E. Ferren 2239 (UCSB36552). Mono: Pellisier Ranch, Benton Valley, J.Grinnell s.n.
Suaeda Forssk.
Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) J.F. Macbride - Bush seepweed
Frequent subshrub in subsaline mesic sites, bordering springs, below 5500 ft flanking the southerly and
easterly portions of the range. [syns. Suaeda torreyana S. Watson Suaeda moquinii (Torrey) Greene]. Annual
species of Suaeda are known from the Owens Valley region, but not in our region; in seasonally wet sites at
higher altitude, S. nigra may be annual. Inyo:Warm Springs, western base Black Mountain, Morefield 3726
(UC1545530, UCR60167, NY541220). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, Hwy 264, M. Williams & A.
Tiehm 81-1101 (NY541217); Mineral: none.
CONVOLVULACEAE - Morning Glory Family (CNV - 249)

Convolvulus L. Bindweed
*Convolvulus arvensis L. - Bindweed.
Occassional weed of ruderal sites, disturbed area, roadsides where irrigated from pavement runoff, below 9000
ft. Inyo: Owens Valley labratory grounds, 4000 ft, Taylor obs. Mono: none; Esmeralda: 1.5 mi W Montromery
Pass, 6950 ft, Taylor 15289 (UC1731253). Mineral: none.
CORNACEAE - Dogwood Family (COR - 229)

Cornus L. Dogwood
Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea - American Dogwood.
Rare, scattered colonial shrub of cool riparian settings, 7000-10500 ft, throughout the range [syn. Cornus
stoloinifera Michaux. Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork McAfee Creek, Mitchell 2136a (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell
1973) UMcAfee Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield 2472 (WMRS, Additions III). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
CRASSULACEAE - Stonecrop Family (CRS - 116)

(Genera conspicuously absent: Crassula, Dudleya Sedum)
Rhodiola integrifolia Raf ssp. integrifolia.
Occasional, moist turf, open slopes and rock crevices at or above timberline, 10500-14000 ft throughout the
range. Inyo: none. Mono: base of White Mtn Peak, 12300 ft, Lloyd 3305 (UC1300269) UPellisier Flats,
13200 ft, Mitchell 2190 (UC1299905, SD62250) UMt. Barcroft, 12700 ft, Taylor 5212 (JEPS). Esmeralda:
CROSSOSOMATACEAE - Crossosoma Family (Cxx - 126)

Glossopetalon spinescens A. Gray var. aridum M.E.Jones
Uncommon, rock crevices of very steep slopes, or on cliffs, below ca. 7000 ft throughout the range. [syn.
Forsellesia nevadensis (A. Gray) Greene; F. stipulifera (St. John) Ensign.] Inyo: canyon below Mollie Gibson
Mine, 6000 ft, Taylor 6431 (JEPS) UPoleta Mine Canyon, 6100 ft, Morefield 3387 (UC1535195) UBlack
Canyon of Marble Canyon 5700 ft, Duran 2645 (UC439806, JEPS9624); Dedecker 3850 (RSA621499)
UWhite Mountains, C.A.Purpus 5794 (UC138164). Mono:none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
CUSCUTACEAE - Dodder Family (CUS - 249a)

Cuscuta L. Dodder
Reference: M. Costea et al Brittonia 57:264-272. 2005
1. Corolla appendages absent or rudimentary (<0.1 mm)
..................................................................................................................................................... C. californica
1' Corolla appendages present (0.7-2.5 mm long)
3. Corolla campanulate or urceolate, the tube shorter than wide
4. Corolla appendages serrate, the appendages small and relatively few; capsule narrowed above
............................................................................................................................................ C. denticulata
4. Corolla appendages with a dense fringe of appendage; capsule oval ................................. C. indecora
3' Corolla tubular or funnelform, the tube longer than wide ............................................................... C. salina
Vegetative Guide to Species of Cuscuta

1. Wetland, riparian or other wet habitats
2. On chenopods; stems about 1 mm wide .......................................................................................... C. salina
2. Moist meadows, riparian sites; springs; stems ca. 0.8 mm wide ................................................ C. indecora
1' Dry uplands, dry meadow borders or on shrubs
3. Stems slender, ca. 0.6-0.8 mm thick ......................................................... C. denticulata & C. nevadensis
3' Stems thicker, ca. 1.2-1.5 mm thick ....................................................................................... C. californica
Cuscuta californica Hooker & Arnott var. californica -
Occasional, moist to dry meadow borders, spring margins, below 8000 ft on the southern and western flanks
of the range. [C. occidentalis Milsp.] Inyo: Westgard Pass, on Chaenactis, P.H. Raven 6988 (CAS, as cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: Fish Slough, C. Wilson FS28 (UC1548590) is a proximal record. Esmeralda:
Cuscuta nevadensis I.M. Johnston
Occasional, desert scrub in wet years, parasitic on shrubs, below 8000 ft on the southern flanks of the
range.[syn Cuscuta denticulata Engelmann, misapplied] Inyo: east of Bishop, base of White Mountains, 4750 ft,
M.Dedecker 5074 (UC1481573. RSA619876) U8.5 miles W of Westgard Pass, 4600 ft, Lloyd 2639
(UC1299994, NY) Umouth Cottonwood Creek, 5480 ft, Morefield 4812 (UC1552065). Mono: none;
Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. indecora
Occasional, riparian sites, meadows and springs, below 6000 ft on the southern and western flanks of the
range. Inyo: western base White Mountains at Warm Spring, 4000 ft, on Solidago confinis, Taylor 7235 (UC).
Cuscuta salina Engelmann var. salina
Occasional, desert scrub in wet years, below 8000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. Inyo: Silver
Canyon, on Atriplex confertifolia, 4500 ft, Duran 3462 (UC1297470) UOwens River near Zurich, Taylor 6497
ELAEAGNACEAE - Oleaster Family (ELE - 215)

Key to Genera
1. Leaves opposite; plants dioecious; stamens 8 ............................................................................... Shepherdia
1' Leaves alternate; plants monoecious; stamens 4 ............................................................................ Elaeagnus
Elaeagnus L.
*Elaeagnus angustifolius L. - Russian Olive.
Infrequent, disturbed moist sites and about old habitations, below 7000 ft on the northern end of the range
Eleagnus angustifolius is planted about Bishop, and in Oasis. Inyo: near Five Bridges, W.Ferren FS66a
(UC1548587) is a proximal voucher. Mono: Paiute Creek mouth, 5400 ft, Taylor obs. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Shepherdia Nutt.
Shepherdia argentea Nuttall - Buffalo Berry.
Infrequent, riparian sites in the far northern end of the range below 8500 ft..
Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2507 (UC) UMiddle Creek, 5000 ft,
E.C.Jaeger s.n. (POM) UIndian Creek, 7400 ft, W.A.Archer 7222 (UC). Mineral: none.
ERICACEAE - Heather Family (ERI - 233)

1. Corolla choripetalous, the petals united only at base......................................... Pyrolaceae Pyrola (page 185)
1' Corolla sympetalous, urn-shaped ........................................................................................................... Ledum
Boreal montane genera conspicuously absent: Arctostaphylos, Cassiope, Gaulhteria, Kalmia, Phyllodoce, Vaccinium. A
single specimen of Arctostaphylos indet. (SBBG12606) attributed to Mono County, Crooked Creek, is considered to be
mislabeled.
Ledum L. Labrador Tea

Ledum glandulosum Nuttall var. californicum (Kellogg) C. Hitchock. - California Labrador Tea.
Rare, shaded seepage areas at subalpine or alpine altitudes, to be expected throughout the range. Inyo:
none; Mono: Milner Creek, first reported by Durham Guliani in 1980 (RSA625939); see Wacouba News Vol.
4, Summer 1980. Taylor=s attempt to collect a voucher in a descent from the summit was unsuccessful.
EUPHORBIACEAE - Spurge Family (EUP - 148)

Chamaesyce S.F. Gray Prostrate spurge
1. Stipules separate
2. Glands of the cyathium with an obvious white petaoid appendage
3. Annual; leaves serrulate at tip; seeds 0.9-1.3 mm long ................................................... C. serpyllifolia
3' Perennial; leaves entire, seeds 1.5-2 mm long ....................................................................... C. fendleri
2' Glands of the cyathium without petaloid appendages ........................................................... C. micromeria
1' Stipules united into a white, erose interpetiolar scale ca. 1 mm long
............................................................................................................................................... C. albomarginata
Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torrey & A. Gray) Small
Occassional on dry slopes, most frequently in loose soil such as dry washes, below ca. 7000 ft. Inyo:
Westgard Pass Rd, 5800 ft, H.A.Mooney s.n. (UC1389251) UDeep Springs Valley, Taylor 7109 (JEPS91385).
Chamaesyce fendleri (Torrey & A. Gray) Small - Augustus Fendler’s spurge
Occassional on dry slopes, most frequently in loose soil such as dry washes, below ca. 8500 ft. Inyo:
Westgard Pass; 6700 ft, Dedecker 2424 (RSA622231); 7000 ft, D.F. Howe 3036 (SD51415); above narrows, 6950 ft,
Lloyd 2760 (UC1300034) UWhite Mtn Rd :-mile above Studebaker Flat, 8500 ft, H.A.Mooney 758 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973) UCedar Flat, 7300 ft, Dedecker 4743 (RSA622954) UMollie Gibson Canyon, 7400 ft, Mitchell 2072
(SD62176) UBlack Canyon, 6500 ft, Duran s.n. (RSA4669, SD2828); L.C. Wheeler 7520 (RSA600235) UWestgard
Pass Rd, 7300 ft, Duran 547 (UC439895); J.&L. Roos 5193 (RSA72079). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Chamaesyce micromera (Engelmann ) Wooton & Standley - Sonoran sandmat.
Locally abundant on sandy soils, particularly after summer rains, on the lower flanks of the entire range.
Inyo: Crystal Peak and Busher Creek, Morefield 2502 (RSA327733) Uroadside, Deep Springs Valley, G.
Helmkamp 2490 (RSA615427). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small ssp. serpyllifolia - Thyme-leaved spurge.
Locally abundant on sandy soils, after summer rains at lower elevations on the flanks of the entire range.
Inyo: Wyman Creek and Busher Creek, Morefield 2517 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
FABACEAE - Pea Family (FAB - 129)

Key to Genera
(Lathyrus absent)
1. Trees or shrubs
2. Trees, flowers white, in long pendent racemes ................................................................... Robinia locust
2. Shrubs; plants gland-dotted ................................................................................................. Psorothamnus
1' Herbs, annual or perennial
3. Leaves palmately compound
4. Leaflets 2 or 3 (rarely, 4)
5. Leaflet margins toothed or undulate margined; legume 1 seeded ............................ Trifolium clover
5' Leaflet margins entire; legume several seeded .............................................Lotus bird's-foot Trefoil
4' Leaflets 5 or more
6. Flowers in elongate racemes ................................................................................... Lupinus lupine
6' Flowers in capitate heads; legumes 1 seeded ......................................................... Trifolium clover
3' Leaves pinnately compound or subpalmately compound and the terminal leaflet with a rachis
7. Leaflets 3
8' Leaflet margins toothed or undulate
9. Corolla persistent; yellow, 3.5-5 mm ................................................................... Trifolium clover
9. Corolla not persistent, various colors and frequently >5mm
10. Legume ovoid, with transverse ridges or reticulate .................................. Melilotus sweetclover
10' Legume sickle-shaped with curved ridges or spirally coiled and spiny
............................................................................................................................ Medicago burclover
8' Leaflet margins entire and plane
11. Inflorescence racemose ....................................................... Astragalus locoweed, milkwetch
11' Inflorescence an umbel ......................................................................... Lotus bird's-foot Trefoil
7' Leaflets 5 or more
12. Leaflets even-pinnate; Style round in x-section, pubescent all around; leaflets folded in bud
.......................................................................................................................................... Vicia vetch
12' Leaflets odd-pinnate
13. Plants gland dotted on leaves and stems ......................................................... Glycyrrhiza licorice
13' Plants not gland dotted
14. Inflorescence an umbel ........................................................................ Lotus bird's-foot Trefoil
14' Inflorescence a raceme
15. Keel tip distinctly beaked; legume 2 locular or if unilocular, with a septum arising from the upper
suture .................................................................................................................... Oxytropis ‚
15' Keel tip not beaked; legume 1-locular or with an intruding septum arising from the lower suture
............................................................................... Astragalus locoweed, milkwetch
Astragalus L. milk-vetch, locoweed

References: R.C. Barneby. 1964. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Garden 13:1-1188; 1984. Brittonia 36(2):167-173; 1989. Intermountain
Flora, Vol. 3, Part II; D. Isely. Iowa State J. Res. 61:157-289.
1. Annual (perhaps persistent for more than one year, but never perinating)
2. Pods inflated and papery ............................................................................................................. A. geyeri ‚
2' Pods not inflated
3. Leaflets of cauline leaves notched at tip; pods quickly dehiscent, deflexed by virtue of a downwardly
contorted pedicel ............................................................................................................... A. acutirostris
3' Leaflets of cauline leaves acute at tip; pods persistent and tardily dehiscent; pods ascending or
divergent, but without a contorted pedcle A. nuttallianus
1' Perennial
4. Stipules connate into a sheath
5. Leaflets 3-9 and spinulose tipped; pulvinate alpine plants ....................................... A. kentrophyton ‚
6. Leaves not spiny to the touch; trichomes dolbriform; ovules 2
........................................................................................................... A. kentrophyton var. elatus ‚
6' Leaves spiny to the touch; trichomes basifixed; ovules 5-8
7. Leaves pinnate with generally 5-9 (rarely 3 on lower leaves) leaflets; growth habit humistrate,
forming low mats ........................................................................ A. kentrophyton var. tegeterius
7' Leaves palmate with 5 leaflets (rarely 5 on lower leaves); growth habit a dense, prickly
hemispherical mound mats
not documented ! ...................................................................... A. kentrophyton var. danaus ‚
5' Leaflets >9 and not spiny
8. Pods stipitate
9. Pods strongly inflated and balloon-like in fruit, 10-25 mm wide, ovoid, strongly red-mottled, beak
rudimentary ................................................................................................................. A. whitneyi
9' Mature pods not inflated but leathery, pendent, beak curved elongate ........................... A. gibbsii
7' Pod not stipitate
10' Pubescence dolbriform; 3-8 dm tall herbs of meadows, riparian ............................ A. canadensis
10' Pubescence basifixed, small alpine herbs with stems <1dm and inflated, reddish pods
.................................................................................................................................. A. platytropis ‚
4' Stipules free, not connate into a sheath
11' Pods inflated, balloon-like .........................................................................................A. oophorous ‚
11' Pods not inflated
12' Pods stipitate, the stipe 2-5 mm long .................................................................... A. inyoensis ‚
12' Pods not stipitate
13. Pubescence dolbriform (attached by a small stalk in middle) ............................. A. calycosus ‚
13' Pubescence basifixed (attached at basal end)
14. Pods silvery-white pubescent so as to obscure completely the pod surface (the pods
resembling cotton-balls)
15. Flowers scarlet; banner 35-40 mm long; pods 25-40 mm long ................. A. coccineus ‚
15' Flowers cream, ochroleucous or pink-purple; banner <25 mm long; pods <25 mm long
16. Caudex base beset by old leaf bases and inflorescence bases, forming a thatch; fruit with
2 trichome types, wavy-short and long-straight ........................................... A. newberryi
16' Caudex base without a thatch of old, undecayed petioles and infl.; fruit with 1 trichome
type, long and wavy ......................................................................................... A. purshii
17. Flowers cream or ochroleucous; inflorescence 1-6 flowered
......................................................................................................... A. purshii var. lectulus
17' Flowers pink-purple; inflorescence 3-11 flowered A. purshii var. tinctus
14' Pods with the hairs dense but not obscuring the surface, or the pods somewhat to strongly
inflated and appearing glabrous
18' Pods bilocular, except at very tip just below the beak
19' Pod inflated, beaked (the beak not inflated as much as body); stipules <6 mm long
herbaceous when young and actively growing ..................................... A. lentiginosus
20. Alpine to subalpine, inflorescence with "5-7 flowers and 2-3 pods
................................................................................ A. lentiginosus var. semotus ‚
20' Desert scrub or sagebrush, inflorescence with >>8 flowers and >>3 pods
21. Banner 9-13 mm long, petals vivid pink
....................................................................................... A. lentiginosus var. fremontii
21’ Banner 13-23 mm long; petals purple
....................................................................................... A. lentiginosus var. kennedyi
19' Pods straight, persistent, tardily dehiscent; plants 3-8 dm tall, junciform, nearly leafless
...................................................................................................................A. seronei ‚
19' Pods curved; dehiscent; plants 1-4 dm tall, leafy
22. Plants with a caudex; stipules 7-17 mm long, stramineus; herbage densely hirsute
with hairs to "2 mm ................................................................................... A. malacus
22' Rhizomatous; stiplues 3-10 mm long, membraneous or green-tipped; herbage
pubescent but hairs no longer "1 mm at most ......................................... A. layneae
18' Pods 1-chambered
23. Pods glabrous and inflated ................................................................. A. oophorous ‚
23' Pods leathery and pubescent ......................................................................... A. casei ‚
Astragalus acutirostris S. Watson - Keel-beak milkvetch –
Sporadic annual of washes, and desert slopes, below 7000 ft on the southern flanks of the range. Inyo:
western face Black Mountain, 4850 ft, Morefield 3355 (UC1534997) Umouth of Payson Canyon, Wiggins
8801 (DS); M. Dedecker 1763 (RSA195969, RSA615502) Umouth Wyman Canyon, 5300 ft, Taylor 7069
(JEPS); 5800 ft, Morefield 3518 (UC1535004, RSA359336, NY790629). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Astragalus calycosus S. Watson var. calycosus - Torrey=s milk-vetch.
Frequent, dolomite substrate in alpine or subalpine settings, and elsewhere at lower elevations on limestone,
below 13000 ft throughout the range. ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: Cedar Flat, 7300 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.
Kellogg 2504 (UC669999); Duran 3285 (UC519594, NY796739) UWestgard Pass, D.F. Howe 3016
(SD113740) Ujunction Wyman Canyon Rd and White Mtn Rd, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3053 (UC1300236) UWhite
Mtn Road: 6 miles from Cedar Flat, M. Dedecker 664 (RSA615476); 9 miles up, D.F. Howe 3057 (SD51363);
‘on road to bristlecone pines’ , R. Spellenberg 8167A (NY796735) UReed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21003
(UC1075870) UWhite Mtn Rd, 10400 ft, M. Dedecker 6142 (RSA626290) Unear Grandview, P.C. Everett&
E.K. Balls 21935 (RSA110393), P.A. Munz 13540 (RSA49577) UMollie Gibson canyon, Morefield 2052
(NY796733). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9000 ft, Duran 1599 (UC1296635, JEPS54575, (JEPS33085);
McCloud Camp, Taylor 13019 (JEPS); 6571 (JEPS91012) UCrooked Creek, 10300 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951
(UC1282626); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26123 (NY796736) U0.5 mi Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, S.F.Cook
s.n. in 1951 (UC1282632); Lloyd 3147 (UC1300177) USheep Mtn, 11450 ft, Lloyd 3177 (UC1300195); D.E.
Breedlove 1053 (UCSB11721); Dedecker 1238 (UCSC908) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3068
(UC1311799) UEva Belle Mine road, 10350 ft, Morefield et al. 4624 (UC1545482, UCR60199, NY796734);
Taylor 5189 (JEPS91426) UCampito Mountain, 10400 ft, Dedekcer 1234 (RSA621814) Uridge west of
County Line Hill, 10400 ft, H.A.Mooney 533 (DS). UPatriarch Grove parking lot, A.C. Sanders 307
(UCR14708B). Esmeralda: Queen=s Canyon, Mitchell 2753 (UC1333268, county erroneous in UC/JEPS
database) Umouth of Queen Canyon, 7100 ft, Duran 3245 (UC). Mineral: White Mountains near Sunland,
A.A. Heller 10494 (NY796981) Uvicinity Montgomery Pass, Morefield 3938 (NY796987).
Astragalus canadensis L. var. brevidens (Gandog.) Barneby - Canada milkvetch.
Infrequent, moist meadows and riparian sites, blow 9500 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none;
Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 9170 ft, Morefield 4318 (NY797383). Mineral: none.
Astragalus casei A. Gray - Eliphalet L. Case=s milk-vetch.
Infrequent, sandy, gravelly to stony sites in desert scrub, pinyon woodland, below 8000 ft throughout the
range. ‚ proposed for CNPS List 4, no action taken 2001 ‚ Inyo: Wyman Canyon: narrows, 6650 ft,
Morefield 3646 (UC1545379, RSA437015, UCR59965, NY797493); R. Straw 872 (UCSB32406) Udrainage
northeast of Wyman Creek, 6160 ft, Morefield 3544 (UC1534894, RSA387473, NY797492) Umouth Payson
Canyon, M. Dedecker 1764 (RSA615501, RSA195970) UGilbert Pass, P.H. Raven 12832 (NY797486). Mono:
none. Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill, Duran 2681 (JEPS54571, county erroneous in UC/JEPS database) UTrail
Canyon, 8000 ft, P.Trail 3950 (NY797439); N.D. Atwood 15329 (NY797441) Umouth of Queen Canyon, 7100
ft, Duran 3247 (UC) U2 mi N Sugarloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15266 (UC). Mineral: east side Montgomery
Pass, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9539 (CAS).
Astragalus coccineus Brandegee - Scarlet milkvetch.
Uncommon, stony calcareous sites in desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland settings, below 6500 ft on the
southern end of the range. ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: Black Canyon, 5500 ft, Duran 545 (UC439803),
2626 (JEPS54560, SD2642); near mouth, 4480 ft, Morefield 3212 (UC1534980, UCR47659) Uslopes 0.8 mi
W of Tollhouse Springs, 5500 ft, Taylor 6817 (JEPS) U5.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5900 ft, Lloyd 2679
(UC1299968); S. Kaplan 54 (UCSB31433), K Hart 71 (UCSB22440), I. Atwater 72 (UCSB13335) U Westgard
Pass, J.R. Shevock 1670 (RSA303501); W.G. Leighton s.n. (POM302261); D.D. Keck 515 (POM194061); R.S.
Ferris & R. Bacigalupi 8059. (UC1303130, RSA178675, SD60217) USilver Canyon, A.A.Heller 8190
(UC162402); 6500 ft, P.A. Munz 13557 (RSA49527). Mono: about 1 mi up Coldwater Canyon, 5750 ft,
Morefield 3423 (UC1534851, RSA387669, UCR47448). Esmeralda: none, Mineral: none.
Astragalus geyeri A. Gray var. geyeri – Oregon Trail milkvetch.
Occasional, sand dunes in valleys flanking the eastern base of the range, below 6000 ft. ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚
Inyo: none. Mono: Fish Lake Valley, 5270 ft, Morefield 3945 (Additions IV). Esmeralda: northeast
fringe of range, Morefield (Additions IV). Mineral: none.
Astragalus inyoensis Sheldon - Inyo milkvetch
Occasional in rocky, dark-substrate (often volcanic) sites in pinyon woodland and desert scrub, below 10000
ft on the southern end of the range. ‚ CNPS List 4.2 ‚ Inyo: White Mtn Rd 3.8 mi N Westgard Pass, 6450
ft, Lloyd 2728 (UC1300052); 7800 ft, M. Dedecker 663 (RSA615475) UWestgard Pass, Duran 2796
(UC1297370, JEPS54691); A. Eastwood & J.T. Howell 9615 (RSA26173); R.S. Ferris & R. Bacigalupi 8056
(UC499790, POM202840); C. Davidson 4301 (RSA415811); E.C. Jaeger s.n. (POM244864) UCedar Flat, 7000
ft, V. Duran 3283 (UC519614. RSA10846, NY674611); A.M.Alexander & L. Kellogg 2489 (UC671642); H.D.
Ripley & R. Barbeby 3754 (RSA111196, RSA111197, RSA111198, UC703126); E.C. Twisselmann 15542
(RSA211968, NY674616), 15545 (RSA211971, NY674618, NY674617) UWhite Mountain Rd, 9800 ft,
H.A.Mooney 337 (DS) UMollie Gibson Mine road, M. Dedecker 743 (RSA615764, RSA112948); canyon,
Morefield 2056 (NY674620) USilver Canyon, 9200 ft, H.A.Mooney 755 (DS). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Astragalus kentrophyta A. Gray var. elatus S. Watson - spiny kentrophyton
Occasional on sandy to gravelly slopes, calcareous or not, in sagebrush or subalpine woodland, at 9000-
11000 ft in southerly half of the range. ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Duran 1741
(UC1297417, JEPS54878) Ueast side Reed Flat, 10000 ft, J.&L. Roos 5820 (UC1010204, NY675228 RSA
specimen cited by Barneby p. 369); M. Dedecker 971 (RSA623662); W.P. Armstrong 5381 (RSA641631)
USchulman Grove, W.P. Armstrong s.n. (SD114754, SD114755) Mono: none. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral:none.
Astragalus kentrophyta A. Gray var. tegetarius (S. Watson) Dorn - Bristlecone kentrophyton.
Frequent, most always on calcareous substrates, in woodland, alpine or sagebrush, at 9000-13500 ft in the
southerly half of the range. [syn. Astragalus kentrophyta var. implexus (Canby) Barneby; Astragalus
kentrophyta A. Gray var. danaus (Barneby) Barneby misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973 to our plants]. Inyo: Reed
Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21030 (UC1075846); north rim, J.&L. Roos 5124 (RSA71673, NY675417)
USchulman Grove, 10200 ft, C.N.Smith 1255 (JEPS39957) north of Schulman Grove, ca. 10000 ft,
H.A.Mooney 393 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uridge west of Blanco Mountain, 10500 ft, Duran 3314
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Uridge of north wall South Fork Birch Creek, 9400 ft, Morefield 4073
(UC1550054, NY675413). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 10500 ft, Duran 1628 (UC1297416, JEPS54877);
Morefield 2310 (NY675412) UCrooked Creek, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26141 (NY675419, RSA109532)
UCottonwood Creek, near McCloud Camp, 9450 ft, Taylor 13027 (JEPS90998). UPatriarch Grove, 11000 ft,
Taylor 6573 (JEPS91421); R.Bacagalupi et al. 8170 (JEPS29040); G.K. Helmkamp 4318 (UCR121749); N.H. &
P.K. Holmgren 6231 (NY675415); C.W. Sharsmith 7864 (SJSU6180); L.C. Wheeler 8513 (RSA601866) UPaiute
Mtn, 11400 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8151 (JEPS29021) UCampito Mtn, 11300 ft, W.L.Jepson 7301
(JEPS54872) USheep Mtn, 11000 ft, Dedecker 1521 (RSA626545); 11500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951
(UC1282624); 11700 ft, Dedecker 1253 (RSA195963, RSA624268); 12000 ft, P. Kamb 1237 (UCSC913)Lloyd
3186 (UC130139, NY675416). UEva Belle Mine Rd, 11500 ft, Taylor 5182 (JEPS) UMontgomery Cr-Marble
Creek divide, 11300 ft, Morefield et al. 4125 (UC1549885, RSA463599, NY675414) USouth of Sheep
Meadow, 11800 ft, H.A.Mooney 576 (DS). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Astragalus layneae Greene - Widow milkvetch.
Occasional on stony to gravelly slopes in desert scrub or lower pinyon woodland, below 6500 ft on the
southern end of the range - first reported in Additions II. Inyo: 2.8 mi NE mouth Wyman Creek, 5750 ft,
Morefield 3525 (UC1535005, RSA359335, NY675487) Umouth Wyman Canyon, 5500 ft, Taylor 7068
(RSA502374) Umouth McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3609 (UC1535012, RSA359232, UCR47572,
NY675489) Uvicinity Antelope Springs, Morefield 1918 (NY675488). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Volanic
Hills, A. Tiehm 13439 (NY675478); Mineral: none.
Astragalus lentiginosus Hooker var. fremontii (A. Gray) Watson – John C. Fremont’s milkvetch
Occasional on stony to gravelly slopes in desert scrub, below 8500 ft on the southern end of the range.
Inyo: White Mountains, 6000 ft, C.A.Purpus 5795 (UC136785) UBlack Canyon, L.C. Wheeler 7522
(RSA605522) UWestgard Pass, 7100 ft, Lloyd 2764 (UC1300033); Duran 2797 (UC1297369); R. Hoffman s.n.
(RSA415545); P.A. Munz 13515 (RSA49145); D.D. Keck s.n. (POM193955); R.S. Woglum 3167 (RSA605945);
D.D. Keck 544 (UC423471); D. Johnson 99 (NY675593) UCedar Flat, 7100 ft, Duran 3025 (UC477419,
NY675599) USilver Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1516 (UC1297366) UGrandview Campground, B. Ertter & J.
Strachan 3027 (NY675594) Uhead Wyman Canyon, 9750 ft, H.A. Mooney 321 (DS). Mono: Deveronis
Ranch alluvial fan, 4800 ft, F.W.Pierson 12458 (UC599216) UJeffrey Mine Canyon-Milner Canyon divide at
7380 ft, Morefield 3953 (UC1535201, NY678108) U0.5 mi S of Crooked Creek lab, 10300 ft, H.A.Mooney 882
(DS). Esmeralda: vicinity Sand Spring, Morefield & T.S. Elias 4523 (NY675597, NY675627), 4544
(NY675596); Mineral: none.

Astragalus lentiginosus Hooker var. kennedyi (Rydberg) Barneby – Patrick B. Kennedy’s milkvetch
Infrequnt on desert flats on the northeastern flank of the range: Esmeralda: Monte Cristo Range ca. 10
miles north of our boundary, M. Williams & A. Tiehm 79-43 (NY675760) and to be expected in the Volcanic
Hills reigon.
Astragalus lentiginosus Hooker var. semotus Jepson – separated milkvetch
Occasional on stony to gravelly, often fine or loamy soils, slopes, meadow borders, at 8000-12000 ft
throughout the range. ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: Westgard Pass, G.K. Helmkamp 4341 (UCR134466)
Usummit of trail from Silver Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7250 (JEPS54698);
summit, A.A. Heller s.n. (NY675944) U11 miles up Wyman Canyon, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26037
(UC739258, NY675951) U1.5 miles down Wyman Canyon road, 9350 ft, Lloyd 3050 (UC ) Uhead Wyman
Canyon, P.A. Munz 21047 (RSA115087) UWhite Mtn Rd, 10400 ft, M. DeDecker 6125 (RSA626428,
RSA500032) UReed Flat, J.&L. Roos 5125 (RSA71674); N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 6241 (NY675947); D.F. Howe
3056 (SD51353, NY675945); W.P. Armstrong s.n. (SD114773) USchulman Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4293
(UCR121954) Uvicinity Mollie Gibson mine, Morefield 2063 (NY675949). Mono: Campito Meadow, 11000 ft,
W.L. Jepson 7280 (holotype JEPS2761) Uhead of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26126
(UC739260, NY675946) U0.5 mi WSW Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, Lloyd 3146 (UC1300169, NY675943);
vicinity Crooked Creek lab, E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3586 (JEPS32946); Duran 1558 (UC1297367) S.F.Cook
s.n. in 1951 (UC1318279, UC1282635); J.M.Tucker 2272 (UC984766) U5.4 mi E Crooked Creek lab, 9400
ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8085 (JEPS21283); 8048 (JEPS28158) Uupper Cottonwood Creek basin, T.S Elias & K.
Teare 10463 (NY675950) UMiddle Creek headwaters, 10000 ft, Taylor 8857 (RSA359933) UMontgomery-
Marble Creek divide, 11500 ft, Morefield et al. 4113 (NY675948) Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8500 ft,
Duran 2539 (UC); 2776 (JEPS54717, NY675941) UQueen Cayon, Albert Mine, 8200 ft, Taylor 15234 (UC)
U8 mi N Dyer, R.W. Spellenberg with D. Jackson 2851 (NY675939) UMiddle Creek, P. Train 3940
Astragalus malacus A. Gray - Shagy milk-vetch.
Open pinyon woodland or sagebrush, at 6500-8000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono:
mouth of Marble Creek, Morefield 3742 (NY676221). Esmeralda: Queen Canyon, 7700 ft, Mitchell 2755
(UC1333362); mouth at 7000 ft, Duran 3244 (UC). Mineral: Montgomery Pass, 7200 ft, H.D.D.Ripley &
R.C.Barneby 3704 (CAS).
Astragalus newberryi A. Gray var. castoreus M. E. Jones– John S. Newberry=s milk-vetch.
Infrequent, desert scrub or pinyon woodland below 8000 ft on the southern end of the range. [JM – treated
as a synomym of var. newberryi; var. castoreus treated as valid by Barneby 1989] Inyo: Westgard Pass,
M.E.Jones s.n. (POM) U3 mi up Mollie Gibson Canyon, 7950 ft, Lloyd 2944 (UC1300067) UBlack Canyon at
Marble Canyon, 5900 ft, Duran 2723 (UC1297364, JEPS54745) Uslopes near Antelope Springs, 6750 ft,
Morefield 3294 (UC1535134). Mono: 0.5 mi up from mouth McAfee Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield 3625
(UC1545340, RSA437036, NY676930). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Astragalus nuttallianus A. DC. var. austrinus (Small) F. Shreve & Wiggins - small-flowered milk-vetch .
Sporadic winter annual of desert scrub communities, below 9500 ft on the southerly flanks of the range.
Inyo: none; Mono: Birch Creek, 5800 ft, Duran 3482 (UC1297271) UCrooked Creek ranger station, 9500 ft,
Duran 1959 (JEPS54772). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Astragalus oophorous S. Watson var. oophorous - Egg loco
Occasional on stony to gravelly, often fine or loamy soils, slopes, meadow borders, at 7500-11000 ft
throughout the range. ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo: U Westgard Pass, P.A. Munz 13516 (RSA49143) UMollie
Gibson Canyon, 7950 ft, Lloyd 2943 (UC1300068, NY677408) Uhead Wyman Canyon, 9750 ft, H.A.Mooney
310 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); 10,000 ft P.A. Munz 21056 (RSA115075, NY677411); A. Holmgren & B.
Maguire 26047 (NY677410) UWhite Mountain Rd, 9800 ft, H.A.Mooney 339 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
Uvicinity Reed Flat, !0100 ft, J.&L. Roos 5857 (UC1010208); D.F. Howe 3044 (SD51362) UBig Prospector
Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7253 (JEPS54733); A Cronquist 11679 (NY677406, NY677407). Mono:
Crooked Creek, 9400 ft, Duran 1559 (JEPS54772); 9300 ft, H.A.Mooney 92 (DS) U1 mi NE Black Warrior
Mine, 6700 ft, Morefield 3777 (UC1545388, RSA437263, UCR60067, NY677412) Ueast base County Line
Hill, 10850 ft, Taylor 16181C (JEPS101800). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8700 ft, Mitchell 2098
(NY677420); Duran 2782 (NY677417); Morefield et al. 4558 (UCR60196, NY677413) Unear Trail Canyon,
7000 ft, Duran M47 (UC) UQueen Cayon, Albert Mine, 8200 ft, Taylor 15244 (UC). Mineral: Sugar Loaf, P.
Train 4014 (NY677421).
Astragalus platytropis A. Gray - Broadkeel milkvetch
Infrequent, stony sparsely vegetated subalpine to alpine ridges, 9000-12000 ft on the northern end of the
range. ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: White Mtn Rd, 10400 ft, M. Dedecker 6141 (RSA626291). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: near Tip Top Mine, 8870 ft, Morefield 3967 (Additions IV), Taylor 15279 (UC) UQueen Canyon
saddle, 9880 ft, Taylor 15247 (UC). Mineral: none.
Astragalus purshii Hooker var. lectulus (S. Watson) M.E. Jones - Cottonball milk-vetch
Frequent on stony, windswept ridges and slopes, at 8000-12500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Chiatovich Flats, 10600 ft, R.K.Gierisch & S.N.Zufelt 3565 (UC1368496); 10300 ft, Duran 2560
(UC1297388, JEPS54794). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Astragalus purshii Hooker var. tinctus M.E. Jones - tinged milkvetch
Occasional on stony, windswept ridges and slopes, at 8000-12500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Chiatovich Creek, 9400 ft, Mitchell 2099 (UC1299777). Esmeralda: mouth Queen Canyon, 7000 ft,
Duran 3246 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 2748 (JEPS54795, county erroneous in UC/JEPS
database, NY694487) UChiatovich Creek, Mitchell 2083 (NY694284); P. Train 3945 (NY694491) U8 mi N
Dyer, R. Spellenberg 2853 (NY694275) Uvicinity Sand Spring, Morefield 3296 (NY694488); Morefield et al.
Astragalus serenoi (Kuntze) E. Sheldon var. shockleyi (M.E. Jones) Barneby – William H. Shockley’s milk-vetch
Scattered in subsaline fine soils and washes, below 7700 ft on the westerly side of the range. ‚ CNPS List
2.2 ‚ Inyo: Deep Springs Valley, 6300 ft, H.A.Mooney 685 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UBlack Canyon
at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2658 (JEPS54879); Morefield 2093 (NY695375) USilver Canyon, 6500 ft,
Lloyd 2833 (UC1300103, NY695378); P.A. Munz 13558 (RSA49530 ); 6700 ft, Duran 3456 (UC1297390) 7350
ft, H.A.Mooney 120 (UC); 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7209 (JEPS54880); A.A. Heller 8269 (NY695382). Mono: 0.5 mi
up from mouth McAfee Creek, 5370 ft, Morefield 3634 (UC1545348, RSA437004, UCR60029, NY695365)
UBusher Creek canyon, Morefield et al. 4382 (RSA437406, NY695366) UFurnace Creek canyon, Morefield et
al. 4430 (RSA437497, NY695367). Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, Shockley 527 (holotype CAS84). U8 mi N
of Dyer, R. Spellenberg et al. 2858 (NY695379) Mineral: none.
Astragalus whitneyi A. Gray var. whitneyi - Joshua D. Whitney=s milk-vetch
Frequent on stony, windswept ridges and slopes, at 8000-14000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: White Mountains, 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley s.n. (JEPS54827) UChiatovich Flats, 10600 ft,
R.K.Gierisch & S.N.Zufelt 3566 (UC1368495) UNorth Fork Chiatovich Creek, 10100 ft, Morefield et al. 4570
(UC1545505) UChiatovich Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 3124 (UC591612). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft,
Lankester 753 (BM) UQueen Canyon, 8300 ft, Mitchell 2764 (UC) Uridge south of Queen Mine, 10500 ft,
R.S.Ferris 6725 (DS). Mineral: none.
Dalea Lucanus
1' Herbage pubescent, stems prostrate; stamens 9-10
not documented ......................................................................................................................... D. mollismima
1' Herbage glabrous; stems ascending; stamens 5 .......................................................................... D. searlisiae
Dalea searlsiae (A. Gray) Barneby – Fanny Searls’ Prairie Clover.

Infrequent, sandy or rocky slopes and flats in desert scrub, below 7000 ft on the southwestern flanks of the
range. Dalea mollissima (Rydberg) Munz has been documented in the Inyo Mountains to our south, and
should be sought on the S flanks of the range. Inyo: Birch Creek canyon, 6650 ft, Morefield (NY703189).
Glycyrrhiza L. Licorice
Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh -
Infrequent, mesic ripraian settings below 7500 ft on the western flanks of the range. Inyo: spring 0.7 mi S mouth of
Silver Canyon, 3671 ft, Morefield 3671 (UC1545588, NY703942, UCR59952B) Uspring vicinity Poleta Mine,
Morefield 2101 (NY703941) USilver Canyon, 5300 ft, Mitchell 2067 (UC1299814) UWarm Spring, western base
Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Taylor 7154 (JEPS) UHighway 168 vicinity Zurich, D. Clemmens 1790 (SD121621). Mono:
Lotus L. Bird's-foot Trefoil

Reference: D. Isely. 1981. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Garden 25:128-206
1' Semiprostrate perennial; flowers yellow, aging red ................................................................... L. corniculatus
1' Erect annual, flowers pink to white .............................................................................................. L. purshianus
*Lotus corniculatus L. - Birds-foot trefoil.
Sporadic in irrigated pasture, and grazed meadows, below 7000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Warm Spring, western
base Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Morefield 3721 (UC1535018, UCR47578); Taylor 7156 (JEPS). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Lotus purshianus (Bentham) Clements & E.G. Clements var. purshianus - Spanish Clover.
Uncommon, seasonally moist sites about springs, in canyons along streams, seeps, below 7000 ft on the
northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmerlada County: Sand Spring, 5510 ft, Morefield
2482 (NY715996).
Lupinus L. Lupine
Taxa of Lupinus conspicously absent from the White Moutnain flora (diagnosed in the key below) include: Lupinus
latifolius J. Agardh ssp. longipes (Greene) Kenney & Dunn, found on Glass Mountain; Lupinus lepidus Douglas ex Lindl.
var. sellulus (Kellogg) Barneby, common on the east slope of the Sierra in the vicinity of Bishop; Lupinus polyphyllus
Lindley var. humicola (A. Nelson) Barneby, documented from the Silver Peak range to our east (syn. Lupinus
holmgrenianus C.P. Smith), and L. p. var. burkei (S. Watson) Hitch., found on Glass Mtn. are candidates for discoverly
locally; Lupinus pratensis A.A.Heller common in meadows just W and above Bishop. Lupinus shockleyi S. Watson is
documented ca. 20 miles to our NE in Mineral County.
1. Perennial herbs
2a’ Shrubs, stems woody above the base ................................................................L. excubitus
2b. Acaulescent, mat-forming & pulvinate; inflorescence bracts deciduous prior to anthesis
.................................................................................................................................... Lupinus tegeticulatus
2c' Herbaceous perennials, stems erect to ascending, caulescent; inflorescence bracts persistent through
anthesis
3' Banner pubescent dorsally, often only under the calyx
4’ Flowers yellowish to white; banner hairs dense to the apex; herbage greenish
................................................................................................................................... Lupinus argenteus
4’ Flowers blue, banner hairs ±dense below, glabrous at apex, herbage strigose to silky
5' Calyx tube spurred, nectar spur 1-3 mm deep
.............................................................................................. Lupinus argenteus var. heteranthus
5' Calyx tube at most asymmetrical at base
6' Flowers small, the wing petals 5-6.5 mm long
....................................................................................... Lupinus argenteus var. meionanthus
5' Flowers larger, the wings 8-10 mm long
................................................................................................Lupinus argenteus var. palmeri
3' Banner glabrous
7. Inflorescence bracts persistent through anthesis; ±acaulescent or <1.5 dm ............. Lupinus lepidus
8. Inflorescence generally subordinate to the leaves; banner 2-5-3 mm wide
...................................................................................................... Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis
8' Inflorescence equal to or just exceeding the leaves; banner >3 mm wide
9. Banner patch remaining white after pollination.............................................. L. lepidus var. lobbii
9' Banner patch changing color after pollination, either white becoming red or yellow becoming red
10. Banner patch white before pollination, yellow afterwards
.................................................................................................................. L. lepidus var. ramosus
10' Banner patch white or yellow before pollination, red afterwards
11. Racemes ±solitary, dense, with 9-15 verticils and ±6-20 cm long
...................................................................................................... L. lepidus var. confertus
11. Racemes ±several, loose, with 3-7 well spaced verticils, ±3-8 cm long
not documented .................................................................................L. lepidus var. sellulus
7’ Inflorescence bracts quickly deciduous at anthesis; strongly caulescent >1.5 dm tall
12. Keel ciliate only below the middle
not documented .............................................................................................................. L. latifolius
12. Keel ciliate only beyond the middle or glabrous
13. Leaflets glabrous above; keel ±glabrous
not documented ................................................................... Lupinus polyphyllus
13. Leaflets pubescent above; keel ciliate throughout or above the middle
14. Keel ciliate throughout
not documented ................................................................. Lupinus pratensis
14. Keel clilate only above the middle.............................................. L. nevadensis
1' Annuals
15. Upper lip of the calyx >1/2 as long as the lower
not documented ............................................................................................L. shockleyi
15’ Upper lip of calyx <1/2 as long as the lower
16' Pedicles 0.2-1.3 mm long, raceme very short, 3-25 mm long; flowers very small,
banner 4-6 mm long ........................................................................................... Lupinus brevicaulis
16' Pedicles 1.5-7 mm long, raceme axis >25 mm long, or petals larger, or both
17'Petioles and peduncles glabrous or nearly so; ovules 4-6, the ventral suture of the pod
undulately crested and setose ...............................................................................Lupinus odoratus
17' Petioles and peduncles setose-villous, ovules 2 or 3, rarely 4; pods smooth and plane
........................................................................................................................... Lupinus flavoculatus
Lupinus arbustus Douglas - Empatically Spured lupine
Infrequent in the Owens Valley and lower adjacent flanks of the range, below 6000 ft. Mono: Benton Valley,
2 miles S Benton, M. Canfield s.n. (SD40593) is our most proximal record.
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. heteranthus (S. Watson) Barneby - Spur lupine
Common on open pinyon woodland and sagebrush slopes, 7000-11000 ft throughout the range/ [syn. L.
caudatus Kellogg, L. argenteus var. tenellus Douglas (D. Dunn) misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell; L. argenteus
var. argenteus commonly misapplied to our plants] Inyo: Reed Flat, P.A. Munz 21101 (UC1075798,
NY736755); Dedecker 6131 (RSA626434, RSA626435) USchulman Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4294
(UCR121959) Uhead Wyman Canyon, G.K. Helmkamp 4302 (UCR121962) Uvicinity County Line Hill,
Dedecker 5484 (NY733046), 6392 (RSA627153, UCR124273), 6484 (RSA625419) Uhead Silver Canyon,
10000 ft, Dedecker 6023 (RSA627423) UWestgard Pass, Lloyd 2713 (NY736756). Mono: vicinity Crooked
Creek lab, J.M.Tucker 2271 (UC984771); Lloyd 2931 (UC1300076); S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282622); R.Bacagalupi
et al. 8075 (JEPS28203); Sharsmith 7988 (SJSU6355) UCrooked Creek, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3070 (UC1311798);
B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26137 (NY736758); E. Blakley 3591 (MO01690342) Ueast end Perry Aiken Flat,
10500 ft, Morefield 4175 (UC1545994, NY736757) Ueastern base Sheep Mtn, 10900 ft, Bacgalupi et al. 8195
(JEPS29062); 11000 ft, Dedecker 1242 (RSA62180262) UCampito Mtn, Dedecker 1240 (RSA621799).
Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 7200 ft, Duran 2350 (UC); A. & J. Pinzl 2376 (NY736730) UChiatovich Creek,
Duran 2778 (NY736733); W.E. Niles 3268 (NY736732) UMiddle Creek, P. Train 3935 (NY736977). Mineral:
Sugarloaf, P. Train 4028 (NY736975).
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. meionanthus (A. Gray) Barneby - Snowbank lupine
Infrequent, snow accumulation sites in higher elevation sagebrush or subalpine forest sites, 9500-11100 ft
in the central portion of the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8600 ft, Dedecker 5509 (RSA625239) . Mono:
near Patriarch Grove, 10800 ft, Taylor 6678 (JEPS91336) Uhead of Silver Canyon, 10650 P. Kamb 1228
Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. palmeri (S. Watson) Barneby – Edward Palmer=s lupine.
Frequent in desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland settings on the southern end of the range, below 10000
ft. [syn. L. palmeri S. Watson] Inyo:4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 6400 ft, Lloyd 2713 (UC1299946) UWestgard
Pass, B. Cox et al. 464 (UC1401387); D.F. Howe 3058 (SD113416). s.n. (SD51320); B. Cox et al. 454
(UC1401387) UTollhouse Springs, R.M.Straw 934 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UBatchelder
Spring, west side Westgard Pass, I.L.Wiggins 8812 (DS270596, holotype, UC652713 isotype of L. fontis-
bachelderi C.P.Smith, a synonym); D.F. Howe 3027 (SD51317) Uwest side Westgard Pass, A.Eastwood &
J.T.Howell 9612 (DS296349, holotype, POM304520, CAS291805 isotypes of L. porta-westgardiae C.P.Smith,
a synonym) UWestgard Pass Rd 10 miles NE Big Pine, D.D.Keck 542 (DS190860, holotype of L. keckianus
C.P.Smith a synonym) U1 mile east of Westgard Pass, 7000 ft, P.A. Munz 13500 (RSA, cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973 ) UWhite Mtn Rd 5.1 mi N Westgard Pass, E.K. Balls 22395 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell
1973), P.C. Everett 21916 (SD46402). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Middle Creek canyon, Morefield 4211
(NY737152); Mineral: none.
Lupinus brevicaulis S. Watson - Sand lupine.
Infrequent in sandy to gravelly soils of desert scrub communities, below 7000 ft on the southern flanks of
the range.[reported as L. pusillus Pursh var. intermontanus (A.A.Heller) C.P.Smith in Additions II). Inyo: hills
near mouth Wyman Canyon, 5620 ft, Morefield 3538 (UC1534889, UCR48299); 3528 (UC1535085)
UWestgard Pass, 7300 ft, Lloyd 2908 (UC1300091) Usw base Black Mtn, Morefield 3592 (UC1545307,
NY746665) USilver Canyon, A.A. Heller s.n. (NY746666). Mono: none. Esmeralda: mouth Pinchot Creek,
Duran 3265 (NY746722). Mineral: Montgomery Pass, Morefield 3935 (NY746720) U2 mi N Sugarloaf Mtn,
8350 ft, Taylor 15262 (UC).
Lupinus excubitus M. E. Jones var. excubitus
Rare, lower flanks of the range on the west slope of Westgard Pass: Inyo; D.D. Keck 542 (UC423473,
POM193953), D. Swanson 61 (UCSB33979) are the only records for this common, conspicuous subshrub on
the eSN just west of our region.
Lupinus flavoculatus A.A. Heller - Yellow-eyed lupine
Frequent in sandy to gravelly soils of desert scrub communities in wet years, below 7000 ft on the southern
and western flanks of the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass; Rd, 6400 ft, Mitchell 2387 (UC1299860, NY747083,
SD62254); narrows, Lloyd 2727 (UC1300053) UGilbert Pass, 6374 ft, J. & H. Grinnell 1034 (JEPS15428);
1045a (UC569588) UPayson Canyon, 7200 ft, J.W.Johnson 432 (JEPS59335); 5800 ft, M. Dedecker 1759
(RSA668129, RSA615494) UCedar Flat, 7000 ft, Duran 3296 (UC1297410) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4200
ft, Morefield 3374 (UC1535091) Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. confertus (Kellogg) Barneby –
Uncommon, meadows and mesic slopes at 8000-11000 ft at the northern end of the range. [syn. L. torreyi A.
Gray; L. lepidus Douglas var. sellulus (Kellogg) Barneby, misapplied to our plants] Inyo: none. Mono:
Chiatovich Creek, 9700 ft, Mitchell 2094 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek,
8000 ft, Duran 3101 (NY747281) UMiddle Creek canyon, 8100 ft, Morefield et al. 4198 (NY747219).
Mineral: none.
Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. lobbii (A. Gray ex S. Watson) C.L.Hitch.
Infrequent, open rocky subalpine slopes at 9000-11000 ft throughout the range. Attributed to the Whites
by Barneby (1994) and in need of documentation.
Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. ramosus Jepson –
Infrequent, open rocky subalpine slopes at 9000-11000 ft throughout the range. Attributed to the Whites by
Barneby (1994) and in need of documentation.
Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. utahensis (S. Watson) C. Hitchc. –
Frequent, open rocky subalpine slopes at 9000-13000 ft throughout the range [syn. L. caespitosus Nuttall,
misapplied] Inyo: Reed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21004 (UC1075799); J. & L. Roos 5108 (UC1010180) Uhead
Wyman Canyon, G.K. Helmkamp 4310 (UCR121958). Mono: vicinity Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, Lloyd
3149 (UC1300175, NY747326), 3061 (UC1311803); 3223 (UC1311756); Bacagalupi et al. 8052 (JEPS28162);
E. R. Blakley 3590 (MO01677369); S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1282652) Uconfluence North & South Forks Crooked
Creek, 9900 ft, Mitchell 2017 (UC1299831, NY747325, SD62296) UMcAfee Meadow, 12450 ft, Bacagalupi et
al. 8137 (JEPS29006) UBig Prospector Meadow, 10400 ft, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26053 (UC1079609,
NY747327) UCottonwood Creek, 10500 ft, Duran 1646 (UC1297409) UCampito Meadow, 10800 ft, Morefield
et al. 4617 (UC1545480, RSA437373, NY747328, UCR60200 ) UTres Plumas Flat, 10200 ft, Morefield 2244
(NY747331). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Lupinus nevadensis A.A. Heller – Nevada Lupine
Known the Bodie Hills in Mineral County, and within ca. 30 miles of our northern border in Douglas County,
and to be sought in the Montgomery Pass and Volcanic Hills. One collections is labeled as this species,
Inyo: Cedar Flat, 6500 ft, E. Wilde 51 (UCSB62290). Also documented from the Inyo Mountains to our
south.
Lupinus odoratus A.A. Heller - Mojave lupine.
Frequent in sandy to gravelly soils of desert scrub communities, below 7000 ft on the southern and western flanks of the
range. Inyo: western base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Morefield 3576 (UC1535009). Mono: Chalfant Valley, Duran 3281
(UC1282124) Umouth Pellisier Creek, 5050 ft, Morefield 3466 (UC1535002, UCR47564, NY747496) UHammil
Valley, Dedecker 2588 (RSA618609). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Lupinus tegeticulatus Eastw. var. tegeticulatus -
Frequent, open rocky subalpine slopes, and sandy, well drained flats 9000-13000 ft throughout the range
[syn. L. breweri A. Gray var. bryoides C.P.Smith]. Inyo:Big Prospector Meadow, 10200 ft, R.K.Gierisch &
S.N.Zulfelt 3563 (UC1368497) UCounty Line Hill, Dedecker 5478 (RSA625365). Mono: North Fork
Crooked Creek, 10300 ft, W.L.Jepson 7339 (JEPS65028) Uvicinity Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, Lloyd 3103
(UC1300248), 3150 (UC1300174); Bacagalupi et al. 8030 (JEPS28140); J.M.Tucker 2226 (UC984783);
S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282634) U=Adamsons Camp=, 10500 ft, Duran 1683 (UC1297412) UHead of Wyman
Canyon road, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1318280), B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26049 (UC739108, NY748022)
UPatriarch Grove, 11900 ft, Taylor 5191 (JEPS91389) UCampito Meadow, Dedecker 5486 (UCR119570).
Medicago L. Alfalfa, Burclover

1. Perennial; flowers purple (Sect. Medicago) ....................................................................................... M. sativa
1' Annual; flowers yellow.
2. Pods spirally coiled and spiny (Sect. Spirocarpus)
not documented ................................................................................................................... M. polymorpha
2' Pods not spiny, but strongly incurved at tip (Sect. Lupularia) ................................................... M. lupulina
*Medicago lupulina L.
Infrequent weed of disturbed settings, about habitations, and along roadsides, below ca. 7000 ft.
Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Indian Creek, T.E. Lankester 819 (BM).
Mineral: none.
*Medicago polymorpha L. - Burclover.
Common waif from livestock operations at trailheads, and to be expected in our area, although not yet
vouchered in the Whites.
*Medicago sativa L.
Sparingly established on the edge of pavement whence irrigated, meadows, and cultivated extensively in
flanking valleys, below 7500 ft. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2722 (UC1299938) UMontenegro
Springs, 7050 ft, Lloyd 3120 (UC1300316, NY717748 USilver Canyon, 7000 ft, Mitchell 2329 (cited in Lloyd
& Mitchell 1973). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Melilotus Miller. Sourclover

1. Petals 2.5-3 mm long; pods bumpy or only faintly reticulate .............................................................. M. indica
1' Petals 4-7 mm long; pods strongly reticulate
2. Flowers white .................................................................................................................................... M. alba
2' Flowers yellow .......................................................................................................................... M. officinalis
*Melilotus alba Medikus
Frequent in moist sites along streams where overgrazed, less so along roadsides whence irrigated from
pavement runoff, below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 2995
(UC1300222) USilver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran M45 (UC1297415). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
*Melilotus indica (L.) All.
Infrequent in moist sites along streams where overgrazed, less so along roadsides, ca. 8000 ft throughout
the range. Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3021 (UC1300223). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
*Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.
Frequent in weedy vegetation in the valley bottoms flanking the range, ascending to. ca 7000 ft in disturbed
sites such as roadsides. Inyo: hite Mountain Research Station, Bishop, 4000 ft, Taylor 15294 (JEPS)
USilver Canyon, 7200 ft, L.C.Wheeler 8522 (RSA601987). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Marble Creek, 5500 ft,
Lankester 824 (BM) UIndian Creek, 6800 ft, Morefield 4858 (NY718167). Mineral: none.
Oxytropis DC. Oxytrope

1. Flowers quickly reflexed after anthesis; pod reflexed; inflorescence a loose raceme; leaves largely basal
........................................................................................................................................................ O. deflexa ‚
1' Flowers erect, pods erect; leaves cauline as well as basal
2. Plants sticky-glandular, leaflets >23; plants green ................................................................... O. viscida ‚
2' Plants not sticky, but silvery-strigose; leaflets<17
3. Inflorescence ca. 10 cm tall and with 4-12 flowers, fruit ovoid0inflated, 7-9 mm wide, papery
......................................................................................................................................... O. oreophila ‚
3' Inflorescence ca. 5 cm tall and with 1-3 flowers; fruit lanceolate, 5-6 mm wide, leathery
................................................................................................................................................ O. parryi ‚
Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) deCandolle var. sericea Torrey & A. Gray - Blue pendent-pod oxytrope.
Uncommon, meadow margins on calcareous substrates at 9000-10500 ft in the central portion of the range.
Widely disjunct ca. 500 km to the mountains of scUtah, thence north along the Rockies. ‚ CNPS List 2.1 ‚
Inyo:none. Mono: meadow above McCloud Camp at Poison Creek confluence, 9600 ft, Taylor 6572
(JEPS83857), 13108 (JEPS88670, JEPS91001) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, 10300 ft, Taylor 9135
(JEPS100415, RSA407638); Morefield 2234 (NY703355) UCottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, V.Duran 1650
(UC559220, holotype of var. culminis Jepson, a synonym). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Oxytropis oreophila A. Gray var. oreophila –
Uncommon, alpine ridges at 11000-13000 ft in the central portion of the range. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚
Inyo:none. Mono: ridge system north of Sheep Mtn, near Pt. 12515 (Mt. Barcroft 15' quadrangle), 12500 ft,
G.L. Clifton 16695 (JEPS100416). Although the specimen is fragmentary, and does not bear many ripe pods,
the collection is very unlike typical O. parryi, and was annotated by S.L. Welsh as O. campestris. Another
specimen, Crooked Creek Lab, S.F. Cook s.n., cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973, has not been relcoated.
Documented from the Palmetto Mtns. ca. 50 km east of the Whites: Esmeralda County, A. Tiehm & J.
Nachlinger 8231 (NY703427). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Oxytropis parryi A. Gray Parry’s tundra-pod
Infrequent, alpine sites on fine gravels or stable scree, 11000-12500 ft in the central portion of the range.
‚ proposed CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo:none. Mono: Sheep Mountain, 12000 ft, Duran 2597 (UC1297265,
JEPS65563, county erroneous in JEPS database, JEPS65674 11900 ft, J.&L. Roos 5160 (UC1010193,
UC1142445. RSA71388, RSA106500), 11900 (UC1142445); B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26112 (UC739234,
RSA106505, NY703703); DeDecker 2197 (RSA617047), 6026 (RSA627174) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, 12000
ft, Dedecker 2206 (RSA617009); 2213 )RSA617015) UPiute Mountain, 11400 ft, R. Bacagalupi et al. 8150
(JEPS29020); R.F. Thorne et al. 38642 (RSA291835, RSA291834, RSA291811, NY703704) Usaddle between
Sheep Mtn and Paiute Mtn, 11900 ft, Taylor 10064 (JEPS90979, RSA530094) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft,
Duran s.n. (UC1297425); Morefield et al. 4614 (RSA437376, NY703696) UCampito Meadow, M. Dedecker
1523 (RSA626543) UCampito Meadow, Dedecker 1241 (RSA621800). Esmeralda: Boundry Peak, Morefield
4664 (NY703720); Mineral: none.
Oxytropis viscida Nuttall var. viscida - Sticky oxytrope
Uncommon, alpine sites on calcareous substrata, 11000-12500 ft in the central portion of the range. [JM -
Oxytropis borealis DC. var. viscida (Nuttall) Welsh]. Also in the sSNH, thence disjunct to cNV ca. 150 km to
the Toiyabe Mountains. Inyo:none. Mono: Sheep Mtn, 12200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7318 (JEPS65567); Lloyd 3303
(UC1300265, NY703818) Ujeep road to White Mtn Peak, K. & M. Heil 8466 (SJNM19331). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Psorothamnus Rydb.
1' Legume 2-4.5 mm long; pubescence of stem apically appressed (Sect. Xylodalea) .................... P. polydenius
1' Legume 7-10 mm long; pubescence retrorsely appressed (Sect. Psorothamnus) .................... P. arborescens
Psorothamnus arborescens (A. Gray) Barneby var. minutifolius (Parish) Barneby
Scattered on stony alluvial fans and slopes, below 7000 ft on the southern and western flanks of the range.
[Dalea fremontii Torrey & var. saundersii (Parish) Munz; P. arborescens var. arborescens, misapplied] Inyo:
Silver Canyon, 5700 ft, Mitchell 2001 (UC1299836, SD62297, NY702679) ULaws, A.A.Heller 8236
(UC162506, NY702677) Uwestern base Black Mountain, 4100 ft, Morefield 3571 (UC1535052) UBlack
Canyon, 4500 ft, Duran 2625 (SD62386) UWestgard Pass Rd at Forest Boundary, C.A. Annabell & D.
Waterbury 2528 (RSA663910); west of pass, E.C. Twisselmann 15660 (NY702671); D. Myrick 2172
(SBBG37137); R.S. Woglum 3153 (RSA605794); L.R. Heckard & M. Morris 4278 (JEPS78796); P.H. Raven
6893 (NY702672) UColdwater Canyon, 4300 ft, Dedecker 2092 (RSA629270). Mono: Devaronis Ranch,
5700 ft, F.W. Pierson 12453 (UC599254); Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Psorothamnus polydenius (S. Watson) Rydberg -
Scattered on stony alluvial fans and slopes, below 8000 ft throughout the range. [orthography, not
polyadenius]. Inyo: Westgard Pass Rd; mouth Birch Creek Canyon, , 5050 ft, Lloyd 2975 (UC1300327);
pass, R.S. Wolgum 1878 (RSA630302) U5 miles E of Big Pine, S.M.White 541 (ILLS) Unear Laws, K.
Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC169585) UWyman Canyon; mouth , 7500 ft, Duran 3316 (UC665647); 5900 ft,
Dedecker 5513 (RSA625235) UDeep Spring Valley, A.M.Alexander & L. Kellogg 2487 (UC671605) Uvicinity
Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Morefield 1948 (NY702837). Mono: mouth McAfee Creek, 5150 ft, Morefield 3049
(UC1523902, UCR44098, NY702831). Esmeralda: vicinity Sand Spring, 6000 ft, Morlefield & T.S Elias 4527
(NY702820) UFish Lake Valley, Chiatovich Cr crossing Hwy 164, A.P. Pinzl 7654 (NY702821) UIndian Creek,
M. Williams; Mineral: none.
Robinia L. Locust
*Robinia pseudoacacia L. - Black Locust.
Long persistent from cultivation, moist riparian settings or springs, below 7000 ft throughout the range.
Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2704 (UC1299953) Uspring 0.7 mi S mouth of Silver Canyon, 4240
ft, Morefield 3686 (UC1545583, UCR60080). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Trifolium L. Clover
References: J.M. Gillett. 1969. Can J. Bot. 47:93-113; 1972, 50(10):1975-2007; 1980, 58(13):1425-1448; M. Zohary & D.
Heller. 1984. The genus Trifolium. Israel Acad. Sci. & Humanities.
1. Heads with an involucre subtending the flowers (the involucre sometimes about 1 mm and reduced to a ring,
or the involucre of several separate bracts) (Sect. Involucrateae)
2. Perennial
3. Involucre well developed and obvious, united and "4 mm long ...................................... T. wormskioldii
4' Flowers relatively large, the banner 9-13 mm long; white stolons usually evident
......................................................................................................... T. wormskioldii var. wormskioldii
4' Flowers smaller, the banner 7-9 mm long; stolons absent or feeble
........................................................................................................ T. wormskioldii var. arizonicum
3' Involucre rudimentary to inconspicuous with separate lobes .......................................... T. monanthum
2' Annual .................................................................................................................................... T. variegatum
1' Heads not subtended by an involucre (sometimes with bracts, though, but these not united into a cup-like
ring)
4. Leaflets 5 (some leaves with 3 leaflets, but all plants producing 5-leaflet leaves)
(Sect. Lupinaster) ............................................................................................................. T. andersonii
5. Flowers on long peduncles held well above the leaves; leaflets with spreading pubescence to 2 mm
long T. andersonii ssp. beatleyae
5' Flowers on short peduncles not much above the leaves; leaflets strigose, the hairs < 1mm long
................................................................................................................. T. andersonii ssp. monoense
4' Leaflets 3 (rare leaves with 4 leaflets)
5' Calyx lobes with pectinately-arranged bristly trichomes; banner purple and wrapped around the claws
of the inner petals and united into a tube; orifice of calyx with a ring of stiff hairs
................................................................................................................................................. T. pratense
5' Calx lobes ciliate or glabrous but not bristly; banner either not purple or not united into a basal tube;
calyx orifice without a ring of stiff hairs
6' Calyx tube strongly asymmetrical, becoming bladdery inflated and 2-lipped in fruit
.............................................................................................................................Trifolium fragiferum
6' Calyx tube not becoming bladdery inflated
7' Leaflets lanceolate and 2-4 mm wide; cauline leaves largely absent; cliff crevices
.................................................................................................................. Trifolium dedeckerae ‚
7' Leaflets ovate to lanceolate, often much wider than 4 mm ]
8' Plant creeping and rooting at the nodes, forming a turf; flowers white
.............................................................................................................................. Trifolium repens
8' Plants with stolons, the stems erect and not nodally rooting; flowers blushed with pink
........................................................................................................................... Trifolium longipes
Trifolium andersonii A. Gray ssp. monoense (Greene) J.M. Gillett – White Mountain Cushion clover.
Scattered on well drained flats in sagebrush, alpine ridges, azonal substrata in pinyon woodland, 8000-
13000 ft throughout the range. A detailed analysis of the status of Trifolium andersonii A. Gray ssp.
beatleyae J.M. Gillett documented to our E awaits attention. Inyo: Schulman Grove, 10000 ft, C.N.Smith
1243 (JEPS39952) UReed Flat, J.&L. Roos 5110 (NY716963) Uhead Black Canyon, F.V. Coville 1803
(UC677491) UWyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Morefield 2220 (NY716945); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26043
(UC739305, NY716965, GH, UTC); 9800 ft, D.F. Howe 3049 (SD113223), G.K. Helmkamp 4304 (UCR121957).
Mono: head Silver Canyon, W.L. Jepson 7254 (JEPS33210) UEva Belle Mine Rd, 11500 ft, Taylor 5193
(JEPS) USheep Mtn, 10900 ft, R.Bacagalupi et al. 8196 (JEPS29063); W.L. Jepson 7331 (JEPS33211)
Uvicinity County Line Hill, 10200 ft, J.M. Tucker 2230 (UC984785); 10400 ft, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren
26048 (UC739304, NY716999) UWhite Mountain, W.H.Shockley 460 (NDG, holotype of T. monoense Greene,
the basionym, isotypes GH99007, JEPS33191); Lloyd 3253 (UC1300151); R.K. Geirisch & S.N. Zufelt 3558
(UC1368499); K. & M. Heil 8483 (SJNM19348); S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1282649) UNorth Fork Crooked Creek,
10000 ft, Duran 1526 (UC1297421, JEPS33181); Dedecker 4200 {RSA619084) UCrooked Creek; lab, E.R.
Blakley 4639 (JEPS32930, SD56890); cave, Lloyd 3212 (UC1311764); R. Bacigalupi et al. 8066 (JEPS28193);
S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1318264) USagehen Flat, Lloyd 3156 (UC1300180) USheep Mountain, 11450 ft, Lloyd
3178 (UC1300194) UPiute Mountain, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8156 (JEPS29026) UChiatovich Flats, Duran 2563
(UC1297422) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, 12000 ft, Duran 2601 (UC1297426); 11700 ft, Dedecker 6022
(RSA627424) Uvicinity Campito Meadow, G.K. Helmkamp 4323 (UCR121750); N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 6204
(NY716962) UMt. Barcroft, C.W. Sharsmith 7850 (SJSU6188) UBarcroft Lab, 12000 ft, T. Spria 404
(JEPS85269); R. Bacigalupi et al. 8106 (JEPS28238); S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1318265) UMcAfee Meadow, Duran
2826 (JEPS33178); 543 (UC439801) UMontgomery-Marble Cr divide, 11500 ft, Morlefield & M. Bagley 4094
(NY716944) UPellisier Flats, 13000 ft, Mitchell 2173 (NY716943) UMt. Dubois, Mitchell s.n. (UC1299931)
Esmeralda: road to Tip Top Mine, 8200 ft, P.Trail 4004 (NY716968, NY716969, UTC). Mineral: none.
Trifolium dedeckerae J. M. Gillett - Dedecker=s clover.
Rare, shaded crevices of massive granite domes at 7000-10000 ft in the central portion of the range. [syn. T.
macilentum var. dedeckerae (J.M. Gillett) Barneby; T. productum Greene, misapplied] ‚ CNPS List 1B.3 ‚
Inyo: 4.4 mi up Wyman Canyon, 7000 ft, M.DeDecker 4276 (UC1442737, RSA619178) Unear Deadhorse
Meadow, 8000 ft, Taylor 9165 (UC1540117), Morefield 2191 (RSA327712) Mono: Wall Meadow, Cottonwood
Creek drainage, 9100 ft, Taylor & B. Miller 9190 (UC1516306, RSA407627) Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
*Trifolium fragiferum L. - Strawberry clover.
Occasional introduction in meadows and riparian sites, below 5000 ft on the southern end of the range.
Inyo: Warm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 3900 ft, Morefield 4040 (UC1535025). Mono: none;
Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, A.P. Pinzl 7651 (NY717067); Mineral: none.
Trifolium longipes Nuttall var. hansenii (Greene) Jepson – Geo. Hansen’s clover
Frequent dominant in meadows and riparian sites, below 7000-11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Crooked Creek, 9400 ft, Lloyd 2871 (UC1300123, NY717265) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek,
9700 ft, Mitchell 2259 (UC1299865) Uconfluence of Tres Plumas and Cottonwood Creeks 9300 ft, Morefield
2280 (NY717262) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, 10200 ft, Morefield et al. 4598 (NY717182) Esmeralda:
Trifolium monanthum A. Gray var. monanthum single-flower clover
Occasional in meadows and sunny riparian sites, below 7000-11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282621); Lloyd 3235 (UC1311740); R.
Bacagalupi et al. 8076 (UC28204); J.M.Tucker 3424 (UC1058581) UTres Plumas Flat, 10200 ft, Morlefield
2250 (NY717404) UDeep Springs Cow Camp, 9500 ft, Morefield 1695 (NY717403) Ueastern base Sheep Mtn,
11500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7336 (JEPS66008); Mitchell 2130 (UC1299803, NY717410) UNorth Fork Crooked
Creek, 10100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7274 (JEPS66009) UCampito Meadow, G.K. Helmkamp 4325 (UCR121759),
4331 (UCR134454), Dedecker 5490 (RSA625357). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 2536
(UC); 3078 (NY717437). Mineral: none.
*Trifolium pratense L. - Red Clover.

Occasional introduction in meadows and riparian sites, below 8000 ft on the southern end of the range.
Inyo: Black Canyon near Marble Canyon, 5800 ft, Duran 2857 (UC1297266) UMontenegro Spring, 7100 ft,
Lloyd 3119 (UC1300317, NY717503). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none, Mineral: none.
*Trifolium repens L. - White Clover.
Occasional introduction in meadows and riparian sites, below 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
Montenegro Spring, 7100 ft, Lloyd 3118 (UC1300318). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft,
Lankester 702 (BM). Mineral: none.
Trifolium variegatum Nuttall- White-tipped Clover.
Occasional in meadows and riparian sites, below 8000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo:none;
Mono: none. Esmeralda: Sand Spring, 5500 ft, Morefield 4547 (Additions V) UPost Meadow along Indian
Creek, W.A.Archer 7229 (NY717580, RSA); Morefield 4855 (NY717567). Mineral: none.
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. var. arizonicum (Greene) Barneby - Cow clover
Infrequent in meadows below about 6000 ft, to be sought out on our western and southern limits [syn.
Trifolium mucronatum Willd. ex Spreng. ssp. lacerum (Greene) J. M. Gillett]. Inyo: Bishop, J.P.Hertel s.n.
(UC630746), the only known CA station. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none, Mineral: none.
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. var. wormskioldii - Cow Clover.
Frequent, meadows, wet seepage areas, riparian sites, below 10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman
Canyon, 7900 ft, Mitchell 2046 (UC1299822); Duran 3135 (UC477421), 756 (NY717665); Roberts Ranch,
8000 ft, Duran 1684 (UC1297420) UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3000 (UC1300207); Morefield 2345
(NY717692) UDeadhorse Meadow, 7900 ft, Taylor 9166 (JEPS101729) USilver Canyon, A.A.Heller 8307
(UC162505). Mono:Crooked Creek, 9400 ft, H.A.Mooney 95 (DS). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft,
Duran 2524 (UC) UMiddle Creek, 8300 ft, Morefield 4212 (NY717623). Mineral:none.
Vicia L. Vetch
Vicia americana Willdenow var. americana - American Vetch.
Infrequent, moist riparian settings below 8500 ft on the far northern end of the range. Inyo:none; Mono:
none; Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 2545 (UC); 5600 ft, H.N. Mozingo 73-27 (NY716276);
Morefield et al. 4548 (NY716410). Mineral: none.
FUMARIACEAE - Fumory Family (FUM – 105a)

Corydalis Vent. Golden Drops
Corydalis aurea Willdenow ssp. aurea – sagebrush goldendrops
Infrequent, sageflats in heavy soils, ephemeral in spring, below ca. 8000 ft on the northern end of the range:
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, Duran 3069 (NY500141) is our only record.
GENTIANACEAE - Gentian Family (GEN - 246)

Key to Genera
1. Corolla tubular to salverform (with a narrow tube and wide-spreading lobes); petal glands foveate
(depressed)
2. Corolla salverform, bicolored pink and yellow; anthers spirally twisted after anthesis
.......................................................................................................................................... Zeltnera centaury
2' Corolla tubular to campanulate, yellow, blue or white with purple lines; anthers not spirally twisted after
anthesis.
4. Corolla with plicae (conspicuous extensions of the folded plaits) in the sinuses between the lobes;
nectaries at base of ovary (not epipetalous); calyx tube with an inner membranous rim
...................................................................................................................................... Gentiana gentian
4' Corolla lacking plaicae; nectaries epipetalous, located at base of corolla tube; inner membranous rim
lacking
5. Inner corolla lobes fringed at base, the corolla 5.5-16 mm long; seeds smooth
................................................................................................................................. Gentianella gentian
5' Inner corolla lacking a basal fringe, the corolla 28-70 mm long; seeds papillose
................................................................................................................ Gentianopsis fringed gentian
1' Corolla rotate, lobed to the near the base; petal glands fringed; flowers 4-merous; leaves opposite or
whorled; style filamentous ........................................................................................ Frasera monument-plant
Frasera Walter Green Gentian

1. Tall unbranched biennials, taprooted; petals with 2 fringed nectar pits
not documented in the Whites ..................................................................................................... F. speciosa
1' Branched perennials from a caudex; petals with 1 nectar pit .................................................... F. puberulenta
Frasera puberulenta Davidson
Occassional ion slopes in open scrub and open subalpine forest, 7000 to 12000 ft throughout the range.
[syn. Swertia p. (Davidson) Jeps.] Inyo: north slope of Black Mtn, 8500 ft, Morefield 2133 (NY189457)
Usecondary Canyon of Black Canyon, 8000 ft, Mitchell 2140 (UC1299915, SD62239, NY189458) UReed
Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21019 (NY189455); J.&L. Roos 5824 (RSA71718, UCR18856) UGrandview
Campground, 8500 ft, B. Ertter & J. Strachan 3024 (NY189453) USchulman Grove, C.N. Smth 1267
(JEPS39955); C.S. Papp 333 UCR19397); W. Wisra 3729 (RSA282592) UBirch Creek, Morefield 4069
(UC1550051, RSA463613, NY189449) UWyman Canyon, 9600 ft, Duran 1736 (UC559219). Mono: head of
South Fork Cottonwood Creek, 11700 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26155 (NY189456) Uvicinity Crooked
Creek lab, 10400 ft, Mooney 550 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 19730. Esmeralda: W rim Mustang Mtn. 0.3
mile N33E of Kennedy Point, 10170 ft, Morefield 4061 (NY189448). Mineral: none.
Gentiana L. Gentian
1. Corolla ca. 2-3 cm long, white with purple plaits ........................................................................... G. newberryi
1' Corolla blue, 7-8 mm long ......................................................................................................... G. fremontii ‚
Gentiana newberryi A. Gray var. tiogana (Heller) J. Pringle – Sierra gentian
Meadows, and moist depressions in the alpine, above ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
meadow just northeast of PiuteTrail pass, 11800 ft, Lloyd 3284 (UC1300254, NY212506) UCrooked
Creek 0.3 mile below the South Fork, 9700 ft, Morefield 2420a (NY215968) U3 km S of Barcroft Lab, T.
Spria 450 (JEPS85273) UWhite Mountains, Shockley 571 (JEPS31403). Esmeralda: none, Mineral: none.
Gentiana fremontii Torrey (see Rocky Mtn. Flora, Ed. 5. 1976. Colorlado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder)
Cronquist et al. (IMF Vol. 4) and Pringle (Jepson Manual) treat our plants as G. prostrata, but Weber=s
treatment has the advantage of the sympatric occurrence of the two taxa in the Front Range, the dramatic
photosensitive behavior of G. prostrata which is absent in G. fremontii. A phylogenetic placement may
require our taxon to be treated as Ciminalis fremontii (Torrey) W.A.Weber ‚ CNPS List 2 ‚ Inyo: none.
Mono: White Mountains, W.H.Shockley 570 (JEPS31395) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran M-125
(JEPS31394), M-124 (UC1297257) U3 km S of Barcroft Lab, T. Spria 396 (JEPS85263) Uspring 3-mile
below Barcroft Lab, 12500 ft, J.M.Tucker 2257 (UC978106); Taylor 10006 (JEPS91309); Sharsmith 7843
(SJSU6195) Uhead Cottonwood Cr below Barcroft gate, Dedecker 6039 (RSA627165). Esmeralda: none,
Mineral: none.
Gentianella Moench
Reference: G.M. Gillett. 1957. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 44:195-269.
1. Pedicles shorter than subtending internodes; corolla pale lavender to blue ................................... G. amarella
1' Pedicles longer than subtending internodes; corolla white to pale lavender ...................................... G. tenella
Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner ssp. acuta (Michaux) J. M. Gillett
Uncommon in moist shaded gravelly to sandy sites bordering streams, moist alpine turf communities, above
8,500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Cottonwood Creek 1.4 mile N 55 E of Eva
Belle Mine, 10070 ft, Morefield 2317a (NY215969) UCrooked Creek, 9300 ft, J.&L. Roos 5864 (UCR18852,
NY215970) Umeadow of Poison and Cottonwood Creeks above McClouds Camp, 9450 ft, Lloyd 3132
(UC1300161, NY215971) UMcCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Duran 1616 (UC1297473) UCrooked Creek 0.3 mi
below the South Fork, 9700 ft, Morefield 2420 (UC1523895, UCR44102, NY215968). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Gentianella tenella (Rottb.) Boerner ssp. tenella
Uncommon in sheltered moist alpine sites, rarely in shaded riparian sites, above ca. 8500 ft throughout the
range. Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Meadow, 11650 ft, Duran 775 (NY216020), 2816 (UC477402) U0.75 mile
S 75 E of Mt. Barcroft summit just below the Nello Pace Lab, 12280 ft, Morefield 2401 (NY216015) U3 km
S of Barcroft Lab, T. Spria 397 (JEPS85264) Uspring 3-mile below Barcroft Lab, 12500 ft, J.M.Tucker 2255
(UC978105). Esmeralda: Chiatovitch Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 3105 (NY297655, isotype of var. monantha
forma alba J. Rouss. & Ryan, Naturaliste Canad. 79:79, 1952). Mineral: none.
Gentianopsis Ma Fringed Gentian

Reference: H. Iltis. 1965. Sida 2:129-154.
1. Corolla lobes conspicuously fringed at tip or on sides to near the base
2. Stems generally branched from the base; anthers 2.5-4 mm long
not doumented in the Whites ................................................................................ G. detonsa ssp. elegans
2' Stems generally unbranched; anthers 1.0-1.5 mm long
not documented in the Whites .................................................................................................... G. simplex

1. Corolla with a few inconspicuous serrations at tip or nearly entire ............................................. G. holopetala
Gentianopsis holopetala (A. Gray) Iltis
Uncommon, moist meadows, expected at 8000-11000 ft in the northern end of the range. Inyo: none;
Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, ca. 9000 ft, Morefield 4314 (Additions IV). Mineral: none.
Zeltnera Mansion New World Centaury

Zeltnera exaltata (Griseb.) Man
Scattered in seasonally moist sites such as stream channels, meadow borders, seepage over rocks, below ca.
9000 ft throughout the range [syn. Zeltnera venusta (A. Gray) Mansion, misapplied to our plants;
Centaurium exaltatum (Griseb.) Piper ] Reference: G. Mansion 2004. Taxon 53: 719-740. Inyo: spring 1 mile S
mouth of Silver Canyon, Morefield 3124 (UC1523865, RSA347387, NY187211, UCR44062) UDeep Springs
drainage along Wyman Creek, 6070 ft Morefield 2520a (NY187212); 3532 (RSA387443) Useep in canyon 1.3
mi N35W of Poleta Mine, 4930 ft, Morefield 2099 (NY187209) UWarm Springs, W base Black Mtn, 3990 ft,
Morefield 4032 (UC1550066, NY187217). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 5300 ft, W.A. Archer
7221 (NY170437) Mineral: none.
GERANIACEAE - Geranium Family (GER - 130)

Key to Genera
1. Leaves pinnately dissected or compound; fertile stamens 5; annuals ..................................... Erodium filaree
1' Leaves palmately dissected or lobed; stamens 10; annual or perennial
not documented in the Whites............................................................................................................. Geranium
Erodium L'Her Storksbill
1. Lower leaves pinnately compound, leaflets 9-15
2. Sepal tip bristly pubescent; bases of petals ciliate .................................................................. E. cicutarium
2' Sepal tip glabrous; petal bases glabrous, not ciliate ............................................................... E. moschatum
1' Lower leaves serrate to pinnately lobed, the lobes <9
3. Petals equal, sepals hariy but not canescent; leaves > 4 cm
4. Stems glandular pubescent; fruit body (not including style) 6-8 mm; top of fruit body with a single pit or
furrough - not documented locally ................................................................................. E. brachycarpum
4' Stems pubescence eglandular; fruit body 8-11 mm long; tip of fruit body with 2 furroughs
not documented locally ................................................................................................................ E. botrys
3' Petals unequal; sepals canescent, leaves < 4 cm
to be expected on southern flanks .............................................................................................. E. texanum
*Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton
Frequent in desert scrub about shrub crowns, and climbing into the mountains in disturbed sites, washes,
to ca. 9000 ft. Inyo: near Black Canyon Mine, 5700 ft, Duran 3006 (UC1297432) USilver Canyon, 5700 ft,
Mitchell & Lloyd 1997 (UC1299838) U7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2659 (UC1299981)
UAntelope Springs, Deep Springs Valley, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3001 (UC1300206) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4400
ft, Morefield 3211 (UC1534979)]. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Geranium L. Cransebill
1. Annuals; introduced
2. Sepals awned at tip, the awn 1-2 mm; petals >4 mm
3. Pedicles glandular; hairs on fruit spreading, <1 mm long..................................................... G. dissectum
3' Pedicles with stiff spreading or retrorse hairs; hairs on fruit >1 mm long and ascending
............................................................................................................................................... G. carolinianum
2' Sepals acute but not awned at tip; petals <4 mm.............................................................................. G. molle
1' Perennials; ours all natives
4. Hairs of the pedicles tipped with purple glands ....................................................................... G. richardsonii
4' Hairs of the pedicles tipped with white or yellow glands
5. Style branches 4-5 mm long, petal surface soft-hairy on lower 3 or so ..................... G. viscosissimum ‚
5' Style branches 6-9 mm long; petal surface hairy to middle ............................................... G. californicum
None known in our flora! The key includes taxa that occur in the Intermountain region and which may masquerade
uncodumented in our flora.
GROSSULARIACEAE - Gooseberry Family (GRS - 118c)

Ribes L. Currant, Gooseberry
1. Nodal spines present
2. Pedicle attached to ovary by a joint (abscision zone); inflorescence >5 flowered; hypanthium rotate
(Subg. Grossularia)
not documented yet from the Whites.................................................................................... R. montigenum
2' Pedicle joint absent; inflorescence <5 flowered, hypanthium campanulate to tubular (Sugb.
Grossularioides)
3. Anthers well exserted from the petals
4. Styles hairy, at least at base...................................................................................................... R. inerme
4' Styles glabrous; lower surface of leaves glandular ................................................................ R. amarum
3' Anther not exserted from the petals; ovary hairs both glandular and eglandular, conspicuous
............................................................................................................................................. R. velutinum
1' Nodal spines absent (Subg. Coreosma)
8. Sepals yellow ............................................................................................................................... R. aureum
8' Sepals white or red to purple; anther tip with a cup-like gland at tip ..............................................R. cereum
Ribes aureum Pursh var. aureum - Golden Currant.
Frequent, riparian thickets below ca. 9500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman Creek, 8000 ft, Duran
1689 (UC1297329), 3028 (UC477436, SD2131), 741 (NY454716); 8300 ft, Lloyd 2785 (UC1300023); 1.9 mi
E of Roberts Ranch, 8200 ft, S.L.Timbrook 769 (UC1516360, UC1541194) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon,
8000 ft, Duran 2044 (UC1299823) UMontenegro Spring, Morefield 2155 (NY454718). Mono: mouth Queen
Dicks Canyon, Hammil Valley, 6250 ft, Morefield 3511 (UC1535070, NY454717). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Ribes cereum Douglas - Wax Currant.
Common in blocky talus in the alpine, open subalpine forest, descending into snow accumulation sites in
pinyon woodland, above ca. 7000 ft throughout the range. [synonym - R. cereum var. inebrians (Lindley) C.
Hitch. ‚ CNPS List 4 1-1-1 --/-- ‚, but not a natural taxon]. Inyo: Schulman Grove, ca. 11000 ft,
C.N.Smith 1253 (JEPS39959) USilver Canyon, 8000 ft, W.L. Jepson 7200 (JEPS49424); A.A. Heller 8265
(NY455011) UBlack Canyon Spring, 8500 ft, Duran 3016 (UC1297327) UWyman Canyon, 9700 ft, Lloyd
2824 (UC1300001); 8000 ft, Duran 3034 (UC477435, NY454999, SD2129). Mono: head of North Fork
Crooked Creek 4.8 mi S Crooked Cr lab, 9500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8081 (JEPS28209); 12000 ft, B.Maguire
& A.Holmgren 26105 (UC701480, NY455012) USheep Mtn, 11000 ft, E.R.Blakley 3605 (JEPS32945); 11800
ft, W.L.Jepson 7310 (JEPS49426) UCrooked Creek lab, 10175 ft, E.R.Blakley 3577 (JEPS32959); A.M.Vollmer
& L.Beane 214 (UC984816); J.M.Tucker 2246 (UC933893, labeled as var. inebrians) UCrooked Creek cave,
10000 ft, Lloyd 3093 (UC1311783) UCrooked Cr, 9850 ft, Lloyd 2880 (UC1389249) Uhead Cottonwood
Creek, 12000 ft, Dedecker 2194 (RSA617045) UBarcroft Gate, K.&M. Heil 8472 (SJNM19337) UMcAfee
Meadow, 12200 ft, Dedecker 1278 (RSA624257); C.W. Sharsmith 7856 (SJSU6206, , labeled as var.
inebrians) UPellisier Flats, 12500 ft, Mitchell 2206 (UC1299894) Uvicinity The Jumpoff, Morefield et al. 4107
(NY455013). Esmeralda: Queen Mine, P. Train 4035 (NY454929). Mineral: vicinity Sugarloaf, 8630 ft,
Morefield 3988 (NY454949)
Ribes inerme Rydb. var. inerme - White-stemmed Gooseberry.
Uncommon, riparian thickets below ca. 9500 ft in the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: vicinity
McCloud Camp, 9300 ft, Morefield 2287 (NY455125). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8200 ft, Duran 3064
(NY455142, NY455153, RSA) UMiddle Creek, Morefield et al. 4233 (NY455141). Mineral: none.
Ribes velutinum Greene - Plateau Gooseberry Currant
Frequent in riparian sites, willow thickets, below ca. 10000 ft throughout the range. [synonyms - var.
glanduliferum (A.A.Heller) Jepson; var. goodingii (M.E.Peck) C.L.Hitchcock, the latter not recognized in IMF
nor JM] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6500 ft, W.L. Jepson 7232 (JEPS49253); A.A. Heller 8264 (UC162038) UBlack
Canyon Spring, 8500 ft, Duran 3017 (UC1297272) UWestgard pass “narrows”, R. Bacigalupi & L.R. Heckard
8220 (JEPS29083) UWyman Canyon, 8750 ft, Lloyd 2802 (UC1299845, UC1389311); Roberts Ranch, Duran
3035 (UC519627, NY455489) USam's Springs Canyon, 5860 ft, Morefield 3293 (UC1535133, NY455492).
Mono: mouth Pellisier Creek, 5900 ft, Morefield 3453 (UC1535000, UCR47561, NY455480, BRY, GH, MO).
HYDROPHYLLACEAE - Waterleaf Family (HYD - 251)

Key to Genera
1. Calyx lobes unequal, the outer 3 enlarged, cordate and veiny in fruit, inner 2 linear
................................................................................................................................... Tricardia three-hearts
1' Calyx lobes equal to subequal in fruit, if unequal, the difference of lesser magnitude
2. Leaves basal, the flowers solitary and scapose, arising from the rosette ..............................Hesperochiron
2' Leaves cauline, the flowers in cymes

3. Styles 2 ........................................................................................................................................... Nama
3' Styles 3
4. Perennial ................................................................................................................................ Phacelia
4' Annual
5. Leaves sticky with glandular exudate and scented; ovules borne on 2 sides of the placenta
...........................................................................................................................................Eucrypta
5' Leaves not sticky/scented; ovules borne on 1 side of placenta
6. Stamens unequally attached, the filaments of different lengths
.......................................................................................................................Nama purple-mat
6' Stamens uniformly attached and filaments of equal lengths
7. Corolla yellow and pendant, becoming papery in fruit, not shriveling
....................................................................................................................... Emmenanthe
7' Flowers blue, white, or if yellow, erect; deciduous or shriveling if persistent
............................................................................................................................... Phacelia
Emmenanthe Benth.
Emmenanthe penduliflora Bentham var. penduliflora
Infrequent in talus or scree on northerly facing sites, sandy washes in wet years, below ca. 9000 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, D.D. Keck 523 (UC423477); 5.1 mi W of, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2718
(UC1299941); 7.4 mi W of, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2660 (UC1299980) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 565
(UC439823, SD4047) UBlack Canyon at Marble Fork, 5700 ft, Duran 2653 (UC698041) Umouth Payson
Canyon, Dedecker 1757 (RSA615618). Mono: mouth Coldwater Canyon, 5100 ft, Morefield 3429
(UC1534855, UCR47451); 1.45 mi NW Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3381 (UC1535098); Milner Creek
canyon 0.5 mi above mouth, 5900 ft, Morefield 3703 (UC1545600, UCR60048). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Eucrypta Nutt.
Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Bentha,) Greene var. bipinnatifida (Torrey) Constance
Infrequent within shrub crowns in desert scrub in wet years, north facing slopes in pinyon woodland, below
ca. 7000 ft. in the southerly end of the range. Inyo: western flank Black Mtn, 5150 ft, Morefield &
D.H.McCarty 3553 (UC1535038) Unear Warm Springs, W base Black Mtn, 4440 ft, Morefield
Eucrypta micrantha (Torrey) A.A. Heller
Frequent within shrub crowns in desert scrub in wet years, north facing slopes in pinyon woodland, below
ca. 7000 ft. in the southerly end of the range. Inyo: Black Canyon at Marble Fork, 5700 ft, Duran 2671
(UC1297467) USilver Canyon, 5800 ft, Lloyd 2862 (UC1300121) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4300 ft,
Morefield 3568 (UC1535049) U1.45 mi NW Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3377 (UC1535094) USam's
Springs Canyon, 5650 ft, Morefield 3599 (UC1545336) UTollhouse Springs, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9610
(CAS). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Hesperochiron S. Watson
Hesperochiron californicus (Benth.) S. Watson
Occassional in dry or subalkaline meadows, often on gopher worked sites, below 10,000 ft in the northern
end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Benton, O.Renner 81 (JEPS1683) is a proximal record. Esmeralda:
Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2769 (UC698052); 9000 ft, Mitchell 2089 (WMRS). Mineral: none.
Nama L. Purple-mat
1. Perennial, loosely rhizomatous; leaves crenate; calyx ciliate; cymes naked, capitate................... N. rothrockii
1' Annuals in sandy soils
3. Styles fused >2 their length (Sect. Conanthus)
4. Corolla small and inconspicuous, tubular, 2.5-7 mm long, 1-2 mm wide ............................. N. densum
4' Corolla large and showy broadly funnelform; 8-16 mm long, 7-10 mm broad
........................................................................................................................................ N. aretioides
3' Styles 2, free to base (Sect. Nama)
5. Corolla small and inconspicuous, tubular, 3-5 mm long, 1-3 mm wide
Leaf-blades ovate, 2-5 mm long; calyx densely hirsute .......................................... N. pusillum
6' Leaf-blades oblanceolate, 5-10 mm long, calyx sparsely hairy ............................... N. depressum
5' Corolla large and showy broadly funnelform; 8-16 mm long, 7-10 mm broad
............................................................................................................................................. N. demissum
Nama aretioides (Hook. & Arn.) Brand var. multiflorum (A.A. Heller) Jepson
Frequent in wet years in open desert scrub, below ca. 7000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: near Warm Springs, W
base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Morefield 3583 (UC1545318). Mono: Rock Creek, 5080 ft, Morefield 3476
(UC1534810, UCR47768) Unorth wall of canyon 1.7 mi NE Poleta Mine, 5100 ft, Morefield 3401
(UC1535113). Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill, Duran 2759 (UC698039); Mineral: none.
Nama demissum A. Gray var. demissum – purple mat
Common in wet years on sandy substrates, desert scrub below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
Marble Fork
Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2732 (UC698046) UW base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Morefield 3584 (UC1545299)
USilver Canyon, A.M. Alexander & L. Kellogg 4266 (UC736044). Mono: Milner Creek, 5500 ft, Duran 3239
(UC519606, UC698020) Uvicinity Poleta Mine, Morefield 3401 (UC1535113). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Nama densum Lemmon var. densum - dense mat
On sandy substrates in desert scrub and ascending into mountains in sagebrush and pinyon woodland
below ca. 10500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Crooked Creek, 10200 ft,
R.Bacigalupi et al. 8037 (JEPS28147); 10100 ft, W.L. Jepson 7275 (JEPS1423) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft,
Duran 2803 (UC698047) Uhead of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26147 (UC701711) Unear
Crooked Cr lab, 10200 ft, J.M.Tucker 2239b (UC984774); E.R. Blakley 3587 (SBBG12277) UMcAfee Meadow,
Duran 566 (UC439824). Esmeralda: north of Pinyon Hill, Duran 2751 (UC698054, county and state
erroneous in UC/JEPS database), Mineral: none.
Nama depressum A. Gray
Occassional in wet years on sandy substrates, desert scrub below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
1.5 mi below mouth Pellisier Creek, 5050 ft, Morefield 3455 (UC1534907) Umouth of dry drainage just e of
Wyman Creek, Deep Springs Valley, 5620 ft, Morefield 3530 (UC1535087). Mono: Rock Creek, 5080 ft,
Morefield 3504 (UC1535063). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Nama pusillum A. Gray
Infrequent in sandy sites of canyons and the lower, southerly flanks of the range, below 7000 ft. Inyo:
Wilkerson Spring, 4350 ft, Morefield 3357 (UC1535186), 3594 (UC1545604, UCR59972). Mono: none;
Nama rothrockii A. Gray - globe mat
Wind exposed summits, and canyon slopes below 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:bottom
Cottonwood Canyon, 6150 ft, Morefield 4810 (UC1552064). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Phacelia Juss.
1. Annual
2. Flowers yellow, corollas tetramerous and marsescent (shriveling and persistent well after flowering) (Sect.
Miltizia)
3. Corolla tube puberulent inside; filaments puberulent ..................................................... P. monoensis ‚
3' Corolla tube and filaments glabrous ................................................................................. P. inyoensis ‚
2' Corollas variously blue, paler, or bicolored, pentamerous, deciduous, rapidly falling while still fresh!
4. Leaves simple to weakly lobed
5. Upper leaves, stems or calyx glandular
6. Leaves round to ovate, coarsely dentate; plants of overhanging rock cliffs
7. Perennial, corolla 10-15 mm long ...................................................................... P. perityloides
7= Annuals, corolla 4-6 mm long
8. Calyx lobes in 6-8 mm long in fruit, some 1-2 mm wide, bristly throughout; leaf blade
crenate to irrugerularly toothed ................................................................. P. peirsoniana ‚
8= Calyx lobes 4-6 mm in fruit, generally <1 mm wide, not bristly on the the somewhat
widened tips; leaf blade dentate to weakly lobed, the lobes obtuse .............. P. rotundifolia
6' Leaves linear to lanceolate, entire or lobed at base; plants not of cliff crevices
9. Largest lower cauline leaves with one or two major lobes at base
10 Corolla bicolored, the tube yellow, the limb purple ..................................P. gymnoclada ‚
10' Corolla uniformly lavender or purple; stamens 2-4 mm long ..................P. austromontana
9' Largest lower cauline leaves entire
11’ Calyx lobes 4-7 mm long in fruit, unequal; lower pedicles o lower in fruit, S-shaped
................................................................................................................................. P. curvipes
11’ Calyx lobes 3-5 mm long in fruit, subequal; lower and upper pedicles equal in fruit, straight
not documented................................................................................................... P.
barnebyana
6' Upper leaves, stems or calyx pubescent but not glandular; corolla 4-7 mm wide
to be sought in NW portion of the range .............................................................................. P. humilis

4' Leaves deeply lobed to compound
12' Corolla bicolored, the tube yellow and limb colors different shades or intensities of pink or lavender
13. Corolla 2.5-6.5 mm; plants without mephitic odor
14' Calyx lobes spatulate in fruit; inflorescences usually exceeding the leafy base of the plant
................................................................................................................................. P. affinis
14' Calyx lobes not spatulate in fruit, inflorescences not projected above the leafy base of the
plant ............................................................................................................... P. glandulifera
13' Corolla 5-20 mm; plants with strong mephitic odor;
15' Filaments sparsely hariy below the middle, attached well above the base of the corolla
.....................................................................................................................................P. bicolor
15' Filaments usually glabrous, attached just above base of corolla ........................... P. fremontii
12' Corolla uniformly blue, pale blue to white
16. Stamens and style branches included; style 3-5 mm ......................................... P. cryptantha
16' Stamens and style branches exserted; style 5-15 mm ..................................... P. vallis-mortae
17. Corolla 4-7 mm wide; leaves deeply lobed ....................................................... P. crenulata
17' Corolla 6-9 mm wide; leaves pinnatifid
18. Capsule hairy only at apex; corolla tardily deciduous, calyx lobes lanceolate to linear -
attribubuted to Whites in Lloyd & Mitchell
dubious for our region, but to be sought ................................................. P. tanacetifolia
18' Capsule hairy to below middle; corolla promptly deciduous; calyx lobes oblanceolate to
obovate
known from Inyo, but not in the Whites .......................................................... P. distans
1' Perennial
19. Basal leaves simple
20. Plants of cliff crevices; leaves ovate; corolla 10-15 mm long .......................................... P. perityloides
20= Plants of other habitats; leaves lanceolate, corolla < 7 mm .................................................... P. hastata
19' Basal leaves compound; inflorescence scorpiod, elongate >2-3 cm; leaves compound
......................................................................................................................................... P. ramosissima
Phacelia affinis A. Gray
Infrequent in scrub or pinyon communites below 7000 ft. Plants named var. patens J. Howell,
distinguished by glandular lower leaves and spreading stem hairs, may apply to our plants, but this taxon
did not receive scrutiny in either the Intermountain Flora nor in the Jepson Manual. Inyo: none. Mono: 0.3
mi above mouth Marble Creek, 6750 ft, Morefield 3762 (UC1545397, UCR60116). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Phacelia austromontana J. Howell
Ujncomon, openings in scrub or pinyon woodland on loose or otherwise well drained substrates, below ca.
10,000 ft. Inyo: White Mtn Rd 7.2 mi N of Westgard Pass Rd, 9000 ft, H. Lewis 1090 (UC1057299)
USchulman Grove, 9500 ft, T.E. Lankester 874 (BM, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973. Mono: none;
Phacelia bicolor S. Watson var. bicolor
Frequent in wet years on sandy or loose, non-compacted substrata in desert scrub or pinyon woodland,
below ca. 9000 ft. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2794 (UC1300018); 7500 ft, Duran 3043
(UC477403, UC697962) U2 mi below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1711 (UC698017)
Udrainage NE of Wyman Creek, 6100 ft, Morefield 3537 (UC1534888) UWyman Creek narrows, 6650 ft,
Morefield 3649 (UC1545362). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran 2863 (UC698018)
UB&B Mine, 7500 ft, Duran 3085 (UC697961). Mineral: none.
Phacelia crenulata Torrey var. crenulata
Openings in scrub or pinyon woodland, below ca. 10,000 ft. [syn. var. funera J. Voss ex Munz] Inyo: 4 mi W
Westgard Pass, 6400 ft, Lloyd 2710 (UC1299948); 3.5 mi W, Mooney 65 (DS) UWestgard Pass Rd 5 mi E of
Hwy 395, 4500 ft, K Cornett 108 (UC1437357); R.S.Ferris & R. Bacigalupi 8062 (UC499802) Ueast of
Westgard Pass, W. Hovanitz s.n. (UC572192) USilver Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1511 (UC698038); 7000 ft,
A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 4275 (UC736055) UMarble Fork Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2638 (POM,
holotype, UC698043 isotype of var. funera J. Voss, treated as a synonym) UBlack Canyon, Duran 561 (POM,
holotype of var. funera J. Voss, isotype UC439820). Mono: none. Esmeralda: reported from Indian
Canyon (Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Usaddle at head of Queen Canyon, 9880 ft, Taylor 15283B (UC). Mineral:
none.
Phacelia cryptantha Greene
Occassional on canyon slopes in scrub or pinyon woodland, below ca. 10,000 ft. Inyo: Marble Fork Black
Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2735 (UC697998, county erroneous in UC/JEPS database). Mono: canyon mouth
1.2 mi N of Southern Belle Mine, 5000 ft, Morefield 3698 (UC1545595, UCR60039). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Phacelia curvipes S. Watson - Washoe waterleaf
Occassional on canyon slopes in scrub or pinyon woodland, below ca. 10,000 ft. Phacelia barnebyana J.
Howell has been reported in the White & Inyo Region in the Jepson Desert Manual, but no vouchers were
located. Inyo: drainage ne of Wyman Creek, 6100 ft, Morefield 3547 (UC1534897, UCR48282) Usouthwest
slope Black Mtn, 5300 ft, Morefield 3370 (UC1535088) UWyman Canyon narrows, 6650 ft, Morefield 3650
(UC1545363, UCR59969) UWyman Canyon 2 mi below Roberts Ranch, 7500 ft, Duran 3040 (UC698019,
UC698053). Mono: mouth Marble Creek, Hammil Valley, 6500 ft, Morefield 3747 (UC1545556) Umouth
Coldwater Canyon, 5000 ft, Morefield 3698 (Additions IV) Umouth Granite Creek, Morefield 3479
Phacelia fremontii Torrey - John C. Fremont’s waterleaf
Frequent, sandy to gravelly desert scrub communities below ca. 9000 ft in the southern half of the range,
perhaps the most abundant and conspicuous of our desert annuals in wet years. Inyo: 2 mi up Mollie
Gibson Canyon, 6800 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1731 (UC1282182) U4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 6400 ft, Lloyd 2708
(UC1299950) Ucanyon 1.5 mi NW Southern Belle Mine, 5750 ft, Morefield 3436 (UC1534862, UCR47421)
Udrainage near Wyman Canyon, 6100 ft, Morefield 3548 (UC1534898, UCR48283) Ubase of White Mtns E
of Laws, A.A.Heller 8185 (UC162520) USilver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran 3448 (UC698002) UMarble Fork Black
Canyon, Duran 2634 (UC698042) Umouth Payson Canyon, I.L.Wiggins 8800 (UC652720) Uvicinity Mollie
Gibson Mine, Dedecker 6482 (RSA627313). Mono: mouth Rock Creek, Hammil Valley, 5570 ft, Morefield
3502 (UC1535061, UCR48247). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Phacelia glandulifera Piper
Frequent, sandy to gravelly desert scrub communities below ca. 9000 ft in the northern end of the range.
Inyo; none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2800 (UC697964, county erroneous
in UC/JEPS database) UIndian Creek, T.E. Lankester 721 (BM) UTrail Canyon, Duran M-50 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Phacelia gymnoclada S. Watson
Infrequent in clay or otherwise dense substrata, pinyon woodland, sagebrush or scrub in the northern end
of the range. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none; Mono: none; Esmeralda: none. Mineral: Mt. Montomery
Station, Duran M-88 (UC698049)
Phacelia hastata Lehm. ssp. compacta (Brand) Heckard
Frequent in open mesic or north facing pinyon woodland settings, high elevation sagebrush, subalpine
forest, alpine, throughout the range. Inyo: 1.5 mi S of county line, Old Silver Canyon Rd, Mooney 830 (DS)
Uhill W of Wyman Creek, 10500 ft, Mooney 528 (DS) UReed Flat, 10200 ft, Dedecker 6133 (RSA626281).
Mono: White Mountains, 13000 ft, W.H.Shockley 451 (JEPS2040, UC173782) UCrooked Creek lab, 9300 ft,
Heckard et al. 1273 (JEPS29403); 1272 (JEPS29402); Lloyd 3102 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); E.R.
Blakley 3594 (SBBG12290) UPatriarch Grove, 11000 ft, L.R.Heckard & R.Bacigalupi 1276 (JEPS29404)
Ueast of Campito Mtn, Mason 14652 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UE slope Sheep Mtn, 11200 ft,
S.F.Cook 262 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UCampito Mountain, W.L. Jepson 7289 (JEPS2039)
UCottonwood Creek, 9700 ft, Mooney 258 (DS) Uhill near Mt. Barcroft, 12900 ft, Taylor 5211 (JEPS)
UCabin Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 2554 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UPellisier Flats, 12800 ft, Mitchell
2272A (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 10000 ft, Duran 3358 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Phacelia inyoensis (J.F. Macbr.) J. Howell
Uncommon in mosit, heavy clay or alkaline soils about hot springs or mineral springs, below ca. 7000 ft on
the western flanks of the range. ‚ CNPS List 1B.2 ‚ Inyo: Warm Springs, W base Black Mtn, 4320 ft,
Morefield 3557 (UC1535040, UCR47705). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Phacelia monoensis R. Halse
Uncommon in heavy clay soils below ca. 9000 ft in the northern end of the range. Treated as a synonym of
P. lutea by Cronquist in IMF, but differs in breeding system from that species, having discretely smaller
flowers, and being largely autogamous (cf. R. Halse. Madroño 28:121-132. 1981).‚ CNPS List 1B.1 ‚
Esmeralda: road to Basalt 0.5 mi N of Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft, Duran 3262 (UC, det. R. Halse) UTip Top
Mine near Sugarloaf, 8550 ft, Taylor 15282 (UC).
Phacelia peirsoniana J. Howell
Rare, crevices of shaded cliffs or massive rocky slopes, below ca. 9000 ft ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo: 10 miles
N of Big Pine, Westgard Pass Rd, 6500 ft, D.D.Keck 536 (CAS, POM194075) Unorthwest of Cedar Flat, J.&L.
Roos 5878 (CAS) USilver Canyon, 7200 ft, Mooney 386A (DS). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Phacelia perityloides Cov. var. perityloides
Frequent, rocky slopes, often common on dark basalt, below ca. 8000 ft on the southern end of the range.
Inyo: Marble Canyon of Black Canyon, 6700 ft, Duran s.n. (UC639102), 2673 (UC665593); 5700 ft, 2673
Phacelia ramosissima Lehm. var. subglabra M.E. Peck
Occassional, mesic settings on the margin of snow accumulation sites in sagebrush, northerly facing canyon
slopes, below 9000 ft throughout the range. [Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham, misapplied] Inyo: Wyman
Canyon 2 mi below Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Duran 1715 (UC698023). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 7400 ft,
Mitchell 2057 (UC1299819). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Phacelia rotundifolia A. Gray
Rare, crevices of shaded cliffs or massive rocky slopes, below ca. 7000 ft on the western flanks of the range.
Inyo: Warm Springs, W base Black Mtn, 4320 ft, Morefield 3340 (UC1535173) Umouth Milner Canyon,
5900 ft, Morefield 3705 (UC1545602, UCR60046) UBlack Canyon, 5600 ft, Duran 2719 (UC665592,
UC697999). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Phacelia vallis-mortae J. Voss var. vallis-mortae – Death Valley waterleaf
Frequent, sandy to gravelly desert scrub communities below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Lloyd &
Mitchell (1973) attributed the closely related P. distans Bentham to our region. Although known from Inyo, it
has not been vouchered in our area (assuming Mooney 69 is this species, and not, as cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973, P. distans. Inyo: Westgard Pass narrows, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2735 (UC1299846, JEPS74333);
H.A.Mooney 69 (DS) UMarble Fork Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2657 (UC1297468, UC698000) UW base
Black Mtn, 4300 ft, Morefield 3566 (UC1535047) UTollhouse Springs, B.Ertter & Morefield 6291
(UC1562746) UWestgard Pass Rd, 7300 ft, J.&H.Grinnell 1050a (UC569602), 1042a (UC569605)
UWestgard Pass, P.A.Munz 13506 (UC809738) UStudebaker Flat, 8500 ft, H.Mooney 766 (DS) Ufirst
canyon S of Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, Mooney 715 (DS). Mono: Benton, W.H.Shockley 127 (JEPS1273)
Umouth of Marble Creek, Hammil Valley, 6500 ft, Morefield 3741 (UC1545572, UCR60182). Esmeralda:
Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran 2862 (UC698022, state & county erroneous in UC/JEPS database). Mineral:
none.
Tricardia Torrey
Tricardia watsonii S. Watson - Three-hearts.
Infrequent, desert scrub and sagebrush, often growing only within shrub crowns, below 8000 ft. Inyo:
vicinity Sams’ Springs, 5650 ft, Morefield 3600 (UC1545337)UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Duran 2721
(UC698007, UC1297469) USilver Canyon E of Laws, A.A.Heller 8214 (UC162438) Uvicinity Poleta Mine,
4950 ft, Morefield 3375 (UC1535092). Mono: Coldwater Canyon, 5450 ft, Morefield 3420 (UC1534848);
LAMIACEAE - Mint Family (LAM - 254)

Key to Genera
1. Ovary of 4 united nutlets that are laterally attached to the gynophore (Tribe Ajugeae)
Not documented from the Whites - to be sought........................................................ Trichostema vinegar weed
1' Ovary of 4 separate basally attached nutlets
2. Calyx 2-lipped, zygomorphic, with a pronounced hump or spur on the upper side
(Tribe Scutellariae)
Not documented from the Whites - to be sought ............................................................ Scutellaria skullcap
2' Calyx 5-lobed (or 10-lobed in Marrubium), radially symmetrical (Tribe Stachyeae)
3. Stamens and style included; calyx with 10-teeth
Not documented from the Whites - to be sought ................................................... Marrubium horehound
3' Stamens and style exserted from corolla tube, calyx teeth 5
4. Fertile stamens 2
5. Corolla zygomorphic, bilaterally symmetrical, evidently 2-lipped; inflorescence terminal on
stems ..................................................................................................................... Salvia sage
5' Corolla actinomorphic, radially symmetrical, not 2-lipped; inflorescence of axillary clusters
................................................................................................................. Lycopus bugleweed
4' Fertile stamens 4
6. Inflorescences of axillary clusters distributed along the ste; the internodes " visible; fowers
radial, white to pink, "5 mm long; mint odor strong
......................................................................................................................... Mentha mint
6' Inflorescence terminal on the stems, the cauline leaf axils without flowers except at the very
tip
7. Corolla actinomorphic, radially symmetrical, not 2-lipped
................................................................... Monardella mountain pennyroyal, coyote mint
7' Corolla zygomorphic, bilaterally symmetrical, evidently 2-lipped, the upper and lower
corolla lobes unalike
8. Calyx 2-lipped, upper lip 3-toothed, lower 2-lobed
Not documented in the Whites.............................................................. Prunella self-heal
8' Calyx " radially symmetrical

9. Upper stamens exserted - not documented in the Whites ............. Agastache horsemint
9' Upper stamens included .............................................................. Stachys hedge-nettle
Lycopus L. Bugleweed
Lycopus asper Greene - Rough bugleweed
Rare, wetlands about springs below 7000 ft on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Warm Spring, W base
Black Mtn, Morefield 4194 (UC1550002, RSA466261A). Mono County, BLM Spring, Fish Slough, DWT
6681 (JEPS101320) is a proximal station. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Mentha L. Mint
1. Plants essentially glabrous or nearly so
2. Leaves sessile or nearly so; inflorescence a narrow interrupted (i.e. internodes between flower clusters
evident) spike ............................................................................................................................... M. spicata
2' Leaves petiolate; spikes thick, dense, not interrupted ............................................................... M. x. piperita
1' Plants pubescent
3. Inflorescence interrupted, subtended by serrate leaf-like bracts; corolla 4-7 mm ..................... M. arvensis
3' Inflorescence dense; subtended by reduced, linear bracts; corolla 2-3 mm .......................... M. suaveolens
Mentha arvensis L. - American Wild Mint.
Sunny marshes and riparian areas, below 7500 ft. [syn. Mentha arvensis var. canadensis (L.) Kuntze] Inyo: Antelope
Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3005 (UC1300211) UWyman Canyon 1 mile above mouth, 6500 ft, Duran 3131 (cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: 8 mi S Benton Station, Mrs. Canfield s.n. (UC990953) is a proximal record.
*Mentha x piperita L. Peppermint.
To be sought in artificial or disturbed wetland sites below 7500 ft on the western flank of the range [syn.
Mentha aquatica L.] Inyo:northern outskirts Big Pine, M.A Nobs & S.G.Smith 1815 (UC1191919), the most
proximal record. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
*Mentha spicata L. var. spicata - Spearmint.
Infrequent, artificial wetland sites and natural marshes and riparian areas below 8000 ft. Inyo: none.
Mono: mouth Piute Creek, 5050 ft, Morefield 3129 (UC1523870, UCR44079). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
*Mentha suaveolens Ehrn. - Applemint.
Infrequent, escaped from cultivation in wet sites in the Owens Valley. Inyo: northern outskirts Big Pine,
M.A Nobs & S.G.Smith 1816 (UC1191783), the most proximal record. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Monardella Benth.
Reference: J. Jokerst. 1992. Phytologia 72:9-16. White Mtn. plants are all Sect. Pycanthae
1. Annual (Coyote Mints)..................................................................................................................... none known
1' Perennial (Mountain pennyroyals)
2. Outer series of inflorescence bracts usually in 2 series and reflexed downward, sometimes set 1-3 mm
below the second bract series; calyx teeth long tomentose; corolla white to pale lavender
............................................................................................................................................... M. odoratissima
2' Outer series of inflorescence bracts absent; calyx teeth strigose; corolla lavender to deep purple
3' Stem pubescent with dense, intertwined (felt-like) silvery pubescence; leaves linear to narrowly
ovate .................................................................................................................................. M. linoides
3' Stems green, sparsely pubescent or appearing glaucous; leaves elliptic, narrowly ovate to ovate ......
...............................................................................................................................................M. glauca
Monardella glauca Greene - Purple Mountain Pennyroyal.
Frequent, rocky open slopes and ridges, to ca 12000 ft [syn. M. odoratissima Bentham ssp. parviflora
(Greene) Epling] Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Cr lab, 10130 ft, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8033 (JEPS28143,
LA84385); S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282602); B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26138 (UC701802); J.M.Tucker 2223
(UC984780); E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3573 (JEPS32954) UCampito Mtn, 10700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7286
(JEPS63411) UCrooked Creek cave, Lloyd 3066 (UC1311800) UCottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1612
(UC1297489); 8700 ft, Duran 2578 (UC1297620) UWyman Canyon; road at 9500 ft, Lloyd 3052
(UC1299850); head, G.K. Helmkamp 4300 (UCR121963); Dedecker 6140 (RSA626292) Unear Schulman
Grove, 9600 ft, Morefield 4067 (UC1550049) UChiatovich Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 3125 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Monardella linoides A. Gray ssp. linoides
Scattered in stony hard substrate sites in desert scrub and pinyon woodland, below ca. 7000 ft throughout
the range. Inyo: Studebaker Flat, 8500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282601) UBlack Canyon, 6500 ft, Duran
1751 (UC1297621) U5.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5900 ft, Lloyd 2670 (UC1299973), 3.8 mi W, 6450 ft, Lloyd
2741 (UC1300310) UWestgard Pass Rd. 10 mi NE Big Pine, D.D.Keck 534 (UC423474) ; 5.9 mi E, R.G.
Swinney s.n. (UCR60887) . Mono: mouth Queen Dicks Canyon, 6320 ft, Morefield 3768 (UC1545382).
Monardella odoratissima Bentham ssp. pallida (A.A. Heller) Epling - Mountain Pennyroyal.
Reported from our region in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973 based on Jepson 7286, which has since been annotated
as M. glauca to be sought in our region.
Salvia L. Sage
1. Annual; flowers 1 cm long; deep blue; leaves not spiny ........................................................... S. columbariae
1' Shrub .................................................................................................................................................... S. dorrii
Salvia columbariae Bentham - Chia.
Steep mobile soils on southerly facing canyon sides, southern flanks of the range. Inyo:canyon1.45 mi NW
Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3378 (UC1535095, RSA387491), 3379 (UC1535096, RSA387490) USilver
Canyon E of Laws, A.A.Heller 8340 (UC162421) Ufirst canyon South of Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, H.Mooney
707 (DS) Uw base Black Mtn, 4150 ft, Morefield 3317 (UC1535154, RSA387816) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft,
Duran 576 (UC439834) U3.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, H.Mooney 66 (DS) Uvicinity mouth Wyman Canyon,
5870 ft, Morefield 3540 (UC1534891, RSA387477, UCR48301). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams - Ball Sage.
Infrequent, generally on dark volcanic rocks. Both S. dorrii var. pilosa (A. Gray) Strachan & Reveal and S. dorrii
var. dorrii are probably present in the Whites, but the paucity of specimens makes differentiation of the two
taxa difficult locally. [syn. Lloyd & Mitchell, var. argentea (Rydb.) Munz, misapplied]. Inyo: Wyman Canyon,
8000 ft, Duran 1926 (UC1297619, most probably var. pilosa ) U2 mi up Mollie Gibson Canyon, Lloyd 2945
(UC1300066, most probably var. pilosa ); 3.2 mi up, Mitchell & Lloyd 1736 (UC1282175, most probably var.
pilosa ) USilver Canyon, 9600 ft, Mooney 277 (DS) USchulman Grove, 9500 ft, Mooney 898 (DS); Morefield
4065 (UC1550047, RSA463617, most probably var. dorrii) UReed Flat, 10000 ft, P.A. Munz 21032
(RSA113212, most probably var. dorrii]. Mono: none. Esmeralda: reported from Indian Canyon (Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973). Mineral: none
Stachys L. Hedge-nettle
Stachys albens A. Gray
Frequent, moist areas along the edges of creeks, seeps, and small waterfalls in canyons, below 8000 ft.
Inyo:Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, Duran 1504 (UC1297618); 5400 ft, Mitchell 2066 (UC1299815); 5500 ft, P.A.
Munz 13567 (RSA49592); 7200 ft, Morefield & C.W. Abbott 4340 (RSA466326) UMontenegro Springs, 7050
ft, Lloyd 3121 (UC1300315) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Lloyd 3037 (UC1300232); Duran 781
(UC477367), 3143 (RSA4326) U3 mi up Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26021 (UC701801).
LINACEAE - Flax Family (LIN - 133)
Linum L. Flax
1. Petals 6-7 mm long, styles 4-6 mm long ........................................................................ L. lewisii var. alpicola
1' Petals 10-15 mm long; styles 6-7 mm long ....................................................................... L. lewisii var. lewisii
Linum lewisii Pursh var. alpicola Jepson - Mountain Blue Flax.
Ridges and open slopes at or above timberline, 10500-13200 ft. Near the Patriarch Grove, the two taxa of
flax grow sympatrically, suggesting that var. alpicola is a natural taxon, not just an high altitudinal
experssion. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mtns, W.H.Shockely 469 (UC45752) UPiute Mtn, 11400 ft,
R.Bacigalupi et al. 8147 (JEPS29017) USheep Mtn, 11500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282599); 12000 ft,
B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26115 (UC943290) UCottonwood Creek drainage, 11000 ft, Duran 1633
Linum lewisii Pursh var. lewisii - Western Blue Flax.
Infrequent, rocky slopes and volcanic capped barren ridges, below 10500 ft. Inyo: Westgard Pass Rd, 7400
ft, Lloyd 2896 (UC1300098). Mono: McCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Duran 1623 (UC1297264) UCrooked Creek
cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3072 (UC1311797). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
LOASACEAE - Blazing Star Family (LOA - 206)

Key to Genera
1. Shrubs, stamens 5, stigma 1, fruit an urticle ......................................................... Petalonxy sandpaper bush
1' Herbs (annual, biennial or perennial); stamens many, stigma lobes 3, fruit a many seeded capsule
........................................................................................................................................ Mentzelia blazing star
Mentzelia L. Blazing Star

1. Biennial or perennial; capsules cylindric to urceolate
2. Petals 5, petaloid staminoides absent (Sect. Bartonia)
3' Petals 3-4 cm long .............................................................................................................. M. laevicaulis
3' Petals ca. 5-18 mm long
4. Petals 5-10 mm long; style 4-7 mm long
not documented ............................................................................................................ M. candelariae
4’ Petals 13-18 mm long; style 8-13 mm long ....................................................................... M. inyoensis
2' Petals appearing as if ca. ±10 by virtue of petaloid staminoides
5' Rosette herb, leaves strictly basal, inflorescence branched and naked ............................... M. oreophila
5' Rhizomatous, highly branched, about 1 dm tall 1-2 cm long (Sect. Micromentzelia)
alkaline flats, not known in the Whites.................................................................................... M. torreyi ‚
1' Annuals; capsules cylindric
6. Filaments tricuspidate apically, with two lateral extensions flanking the anther
(Sect. Bicuspidaria)
.....................................................................................................................................M. reflexa
6. Filaments lacking lateral apical extensions (Sect. Trachyphytum)
7. Subtending floral bracts enlarged and white centrally or ±white-scarious
8. Flowers separated in the inflorescence, not congested into heads
9. Styles 1-5-3 mm long; lower cauline leaves ±entire
........................................................................................................................................ M. montana
9’ Styles 3-6 mm; lower cauline leaves ±lobed
...................................................................................................................................... M. vetchiana
8' Flowers congested into heads; bracts wide and ±concealing flowers and fruits
.......................................................................................................................................... M. congesta
7' Subtending floral bracts not enlarged and white centrally
10. Petals 7-15 mm long ..................................................................................... M. nitens
10' Petals 2-7 mm long
11. Seeds minutely papillate, the angles like quartz crystals in being sharp
not documented - to be sought on N flanks ........................................... M. dispersa
11 Seeds smooth with rounded edges .......................................................................... M. albicaulis
Mentzelia albicaulis Hooker - White-stemmed stick-leaf (Kuha).
Frequent, open sagebrush and scrub, pinyon woodland below 10500 ft.[Sect. Trachyphytum] Mentzelia
dispersa S. Watson is documented in the SNE and should be sought on our western flanks. Mentzelia
obscura H.J. Thompson & J.E. Roberts (2n=36) and M. mojavensis H.J. Thompson & J.E. Roberts (2n=54)
may also occur locally. Inyo: White Mtn Rd 2 mi N Cedar Flat, 7500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282625) U3.8 mi
W of Westgard Pass, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2730 (UC1300051), 7.4 mi W, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2650 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973) Uwestern mouth Westgard Pass, I.L.Wiggins 8815 (UC652714, UC872537) UWestgard Pass,
B. Cox et al. 452 (NY22898); N. Holmgren 13090 (NY718381) Unear Wildhorse Benchmark, Fish Lake Valley,
5580 ft, Morefield et al. 4422 (UC1545411, UCR60099, NY22896) USilver Canyon, 7350 ft, H.Mooney 111
(DS) UWyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1727 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uside canyon of Cottonwood
Creek, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2061 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 550
(UC439808) Uwestern flank Black Mtn, 4600 ft, Morefield 2618 (NY22900) UWyman Canyon, 8700 ft,
Morefield 2172 (NY22899). Mono: mouth McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3611 (UC1545325, UCR59896,
NY39802) Umouth Marble Creek, 6500 ft, Morefield 3764 (UC1545399, UCR60059, NY22897) Umouth
Coldwater Creek, Morefield 3446 (UCR47413). Esmeralda: Old Davis Ranch, Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft,
Duran 2564 (UC) UQueen Canyon, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2758 (UC) Ualong dirt track between Fishlake Valley
cutoff road and Sand Spring Canyon, 5930 ft, Morefield & T. Elias 4533 (NY38639). Mineral:none.
Mentzelia congesta Torrey & A. Gray - Congested stick-leaf.
Open sandy soils in woodland or scrub, below 9500 ft. [Sect. Trachyphytum] Inyo: 1 mi S of Studebaker
Flat, 8600 ft, H.Mooney 803 (DS). Mono: mouth Marble Creek, 6500 ft, Morefield 3737 (UC1545568,
UCR60186, NY38674) UChiatovich Creek, 9200 ft, Duran M89 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda:
Trail Canyon, 7500, Duran 2864 (UC). Mineral: 1 mile east of Mount Montgomery Pass Post Office, road to
Tip Top Mine, 7500 ft, P.Train 3983 (NY38689, NY38682).

Mentzelia inyoensis H.J. Thompson & B. Prigge – Inyo stick-leaf
Rare, calcareous cliffs and rocky slopes, or in adjacent washes, below ca. 8000 ft on the southern half
of the range. [Sect. Bartonia] Mentzelia candelariae H.J. Thompson & Prigge is known from the lower flanks
of the Silver Peak Range bordering Fish Lake Valley just to our east. Inyo: Silver Canyon, P.A. Munz
13565 (RSA49522, paratype), 6350 ft, J. Zavortink 3163 (RSA699245, holotype; NY688066 isotype). Mono
County: mouth McAfee Creek, 5450 ft, Morefield 3061 (RSA346922). Esmeralda: Busher Creek
canyon, 5600 ft, Morefield 4005 (NY38699). Mineral:none.
Mentzelia jonesii (Urb. & Gilg.) H.J. Thompson & J. Roberts – Marcus E. Jones= stick-leaf –
Infrequent annual herb of sandy desert scrub below 7500 ft. [Mentzelia nitens Greene var. jonesii (Urb. &
Gilg.) J. Darlington] [Sect. Trachyphytum] Inyo: Silver Canyon, K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC196562).
Mono: above Benton, 6000 ft, J.&H. Grinnell 1054 (JEPS15414), 1054a (UC569582), 1054b (UC569581)
Umouth Coldwater Canyon, 4800 ft, Morefield 3442 (UC1534868) Unear Shealy, 4500 ft, Duran 3233
Mentzelia laevicaulis (Hook.) Torrey & A. Gray var. laevicaulis- Blazing Star.
Sandy washes, landslides, and disturbed slopes such as gravel pits and barren roadcuts, below 10600 ft.
[Sect. Bartonia] Inyo: Westgard Pass, Dedecker 6120 (RSA626423) UBirch Creek Canyon 2 mi N Westgard
Pass Rd, 5500 ft, Lloyd 2980 (UC1300323) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2848
(JEPS41269), 549 (UC439807); Morefield 2098 (NY492616) Umouth of Birch Creek, Deep Springs Valley,
6000 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1738 (UC1282177). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: Montgomery Pass,
6950 ft, Morefield et al. 4260 (NY492518)
Mentzelia montana (Davidson) Davidson - Mountain stick-leaf.
Open sandy soils in desert scrub, woodland or sagebrush, below 9000 ft. [Sect. Trachyphytum] Inyo:
Westgard Pass, J. Zavortnik 2644 (LA). Mono: mouth Marble Creek, 6500 ft, Morefield 3735 (UC1545567,
Mentzelia nitens Greene - Shining stick-leaf.
Infrequent, washes and sandy soils in desert scrub. [Sect. Trachyphytum] Inyo: 2.9 mi E of Big Pine on
Westgard Pass Rd, H.Mooney 17 (DS) U5 mi W of Deep Springs Valley, M. Kerr 639 (CAS) Ufirst canyon
South of Silver Canyon, H.Mooney 150 (DS). Mono: mouth Coldwater Canyon, 4800 ft, Morefield 3446
(UC1534872); 5100 ft, 3342 (UCR47427, NY23623); canyon, 6000 ft, 3341 (UC1534857, NY23555); 1 mi N,
5000 ft, 3700 (UC1545597, UCR60042) U1.5 mi SW Benton, 6400 ft, F.W.Peirson 12431 (UC599220) U1
mi S of Benton Hot Springs, Hwy 120, N.D.Atwood 13853 (NY23621, county and state erroneous in the NY
database) UHammil Valley, V. Duran 3233 (NY23647); D.F. Howe s.n. (SD81196). Esmeralda: Queen Valley,
just NE of stateline on highway 6 from Benton to Montegomery Pass, A.Tiehm & J.Nachlinger 12431
Mentzelia oreophila J. Darlington – Argus blazingstar
Infrequent, rocky canyon settings on calcareous substrata below ca. 7000 ft. [Sect. Bartonia] Inyo: 1.5 mi N
Antelope Springs, 6400 ft, Morefield 2036 (NY540168, NY540169). Mono: McAfee Creek, 5450 ft,
Mentzelia reflexa Cov.
Open sandy soils in desert scrub, woodland or sagebrush, below 9000 ft. [Sect. Bicuspidaria] Inyo: none.
Mono:mouth Coldwater Canyon, 5000 ft, Morefield 3700 (UC1545597). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Mentzelia veatchiana Kellogg - John & Andrew Veatch’s blazingstar
Open sandy soils in desert scrub, woodland or sagebrush, below 7000 ft on the northern end of the range.
[Sect. Trachyphytum] Inyo: Black Canyon, N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 13099 (NY703526); Mono: mouth
Coldwater Canyon, Morefield 3446 (NY39112) Umouth Marble Canyon, Morefield 3735 (NY39113), 3765
(NY39110); Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Petalonyx A. Gray
Petalonyx nitidus S. Watson - Sandpaper plant.
Frequent on steep lower canyon slopes, often on calcereous substrata, below 8000 ft on the southern flanks
of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7414 (JEPS41228), 7206 (JEPS41236); 5100 ft, Lloyd
2827 (UC1299999); 5000 ft, Duran 1506 (UC1297487) 4600 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 4278 (UC736060)
UMarble Canyon at Black Cayon, 5700 ft, Mitchell 2112 (UC1299811, NY22967); L.C. Wheeler 7517
(RSA602828) UBlack Canyon, Duran 551 (NY22992) Ufirst canyon N of Poleta Canyon, 5100 ft, Taylor 7888
(UC1520579) Utravertine outcrop, Warm Spring, W base Black Mtn, Morefield 3728 (UC1545532,
NY22990), Taylor 6802 (JEPS backlog). Mono: mouth Coldwater Canyon, 5100 ft, Morefield 2131 (NY22988)
UPellisier Creek canyon, 6050 ft, Morefield 4359 (NY22964). Esmeralda: Busher Creek canyon, 5600 ft,
Morefield 4009 (NY22965); Mineral: none.
LYTHRACEAE - Loosestrife Family (LYT - 216)

Lythrum L. Loosestrife
1. Perennial, over 4 dm tall; petals > 4 mm long ........................................................................... L. californicum
1. Annual; petals < 4 mm long; flower tube stubby in fruit, the ribs smooth
not documented in our region ................................................................................................... L. hyssopifolium
Lythrum californicum Torrey & A. Gray - California Loosestrife.

Infrequent, riparian margins, ditch banks and similar wetland sites, below 7500 ft. Inyo: Warm Spring,
western base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 4197 (UC1550005), Taylor 7227 (JEPS backlog) UTollhouse
Springs, 5800 ft, L.C. Wheeler 8859 (RSA600115) USilver Canyon, 5500 ft, Dedecker 5815 (RSA625955)
Ucanyon NE of Antelope Springs, 5670 ft, Morefield 1677 (Additions II). Mono:none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
MALVACEAE - Mallow Family (MAL - 176)

Genus absent from the White Mountain flora: Sidalcea
Key to Genera
1. Style branches with capitate or truncate-enlarged stigmas
2. Seeds 2 per carple .................................................................................................................... Sphaeralcea
2' Seeds 1 per carple
3. Perennial of saline-alkaline soils; plants with dense gray-stellate pubescence; petals cream-yellowish
.................................................................................................................................... Malvella
3' Annuals; herbage green; flowers white ................................................................................... Eremalche
1' Style branches longitudinally stigmatic on the inner surface, filiform and threadlike; anthers borne along the
filament tube, not clustered; flowers inconspicuous in leaf axils; bractlets 3; weedy
................................................................................................................................................. Malva cheeseweed
Eremalche Greene
1. Flowers small and inconspicuous; calyx 5-7 mm long, petals white <=calyx ......................................... E. exilis
1. Flowers showy, petals rose, 10-20 mm long and spotted;
not documented in our region ....................................................................................................... E. rotundifolia
Eremalche exilis (A. Gray) Greene.
Scattered in wet years in desert scrub and washes, below ca. 6500 ft. Inyo: near Poleta Mine, 5650 ft,
Morefield 3395 (UC1535107, NY52558) Uwestern flank Black Mtn, 5250 ft, Morefield 3368 (UC1535193,
NY52559); 4100 ft, Morefield 3312 (UC1535149, NY52560). Mono: near mouth Rock Creek, 5700 ft,
Morefield 3482 (UC1534816, UCR48161, NY52557). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Malva L. Cheeseweed
*Malva neglecta Wallr. Cheeses, Common mallow.
Common weed of ruderal areas: roadsides and gardens in the Owens Valley, infrequent in moist undisturbed
sites up to about 8000 ft. Inyo: Montenegro Springs, 7000 ft, Mitchell 2144 (UC1299913, NY52532) Unear
mouth Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3678 (UC1545575, NY52542, UCR60072) UOwens Valley Lab
grounds, DWT observation. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Malvella Jaub. & Spach

Malvella leporosa (Ortega) Krapov. Alkali-mallow
Frequent, often in disturbed sites and roadsides, saline-alkaline soils on the floor of the Owens Valley [syn.
Sida hederacea (Douglas) Torrey & A. Gray] Inyo: Warm Spring, W base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 4189
(UC1549997, NY52569). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Sphaeralcea St. Hil. Globemallow

Reference: T.H.Kearney. 1935. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Bot. 19:1-128
1’ Petals 15-23 mm long; calyx 8-18 mm long..................................................................................... S. ambigua
2' Petals greandine (orange-red)................................................................................ S. ambigua var. ambigua
2’ Petals lavender to pink .......................................................................................... S. ambigua var. rosacea
1’ Petals 8-14 mm long; calyx 4-8 mm long........................................................................................ S. parvifolia
Sphaeralcea ambigua (Hooker & Arn) Rydberg var. ambigua - Apricot Mallow.
Occassional in desert scrub, sagebrush scrub or pinyon below 9500 ft. [syn. ssp. monticola T.H. Kearney]
Inyo: vicinity Tollhouse Springs, 5900 ft, Lloyd 2685 (NY77152); Dedecker 5689 (RSA625304) UBlack
Canyon, 4500 ft, Duran 2623 (NY54654) UWyman Canyon; Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Duran 3142 (NY77153);
UWestgard Pass, W. Wisura et al. 4459 (NY77219); R. G. Swinney 614 (UCR107035) USilver Canyon, 6500
ft, Lloyd 2839 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) USierra View, 9200 ft, Dedekcer 6124 (RSA626427). Mono:
none. Esmeralda: near Pinyon Hill, 6500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC) UOld Davis Ranch, Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft,
Duran 2526 (UC) UDyer, Duran 3326 (NY54670) UNorth end Fish Lake Valley, P.Train 3926 (NY77187)
UWest slope of valley opposite and east of the White Mts, A.Cronquist 11684 (NY54686). Mineral: none.
Sphaeralcea ambigua (Hooker & Arn) Rydberg var. rosacea (Munz & I.M. Johnston) Kearney
Infrequent in desert scrub below ca. 7500 ft on the southeast flank of the range. [Sphaeralcea parvifolia A.
Nelson, misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973] Inyo: Westgard Pass, 7200 ft, M.J.Williams & W.Roderick 80-
2541 (NY176739), B.Cox et al. 451 (NY176738) Ufirst canyon South of Silver Canyon, H.Mooney 694 (DS)
UWyman Canyon mouth, N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 13082 (NY746735) Mono: Fish Lake Valley, Lankester &
Edwards 794 (BM). Esmeralda County White Mountains, W upper end of Fish Valley / S flank of Volcanic
Hills, junction of routes 264 and 773, A. Pinzl 11383 (NY176727) Ualluvial fan of Morris Creek, 6560 ft,
Morefield 3916 (NY176708) Udirt track between Fish Lake Valley cutoff road and Sand Spring Canyon, 3.1
miles N16 E of Pinyon Hill, 6200 ft, Morefield & T.S.Elias 4524 (NY176707) UIntersection of Chiatovich
Creek Rd. and Nev. Hwy. 3A, M.J.Williams 80-2002 with A.Tiehm.(NY176712) UDyer, Fish Lake Valley,
N.H.&P.K. Holmgren 8699 (NY54689). Mineral: none.
Sphaeralcea parvifolia A. Nelson
Infrequent in desert scrub or below 6500 ft. on the eastern flank of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: mouth
McAfee Creek, Morefield 3043 (UCR43867, NY570730). Esmeralda: 8 mi N of Dyer, Fish Lake Valley,
B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 25275 (NY77175) UWhite Mountains, Indian Creek Road, 2 miles west of Nevada
Route 264, G.T.Austin s.n. (NY24964, det.P.A.Fryxell as Sphaeralcea munrona (Douglas) Spach)
MOLLUGINACEAE - Carpet-Weed Family (MOL - 85a)

Mollugo L.
*Mollugo verticillata L. Indian-chickweed.
Infrequent on drying margins of marshes and ponds and other vernally wet sites such as roadside ditches.
[syn. M. cerviana (L.) Ser.] Inyo: base of Crystal Peak, Deep Springs Valley, Morefield 2501 (NY526490).
NYCTAGINACEAE - Four O'Clock Family (NYC - 81)

Key to Genera
1. Flowers in a dense umbellate cluster; stigma linear, included within perianth; fruits winged
..................................................................................................................................... Abronia sand-verbena
1' Flowers in a short-branched inflorescence; stigma capitate, exserted from the perianth; fruits not winged
.......................................................................................................................... Mirabilis four-o'clock
Abronia Juss. Sand-verbena
1. Cushion perennials of dolomite, subalpine; stems tufted ....................................................................... A. nana
1' Sprawling glandular annuals on sand, stems prostrate to decumbent
2. Fruit with 5 irregular, hollow wings not exceeding the body, the ............................................... A. turbinata
2' Fruit with 3-4(5) thin (non-hollow) wings extending above fruit body, the base of the flower tube forming a
hardend curved beak on the fruit A. villosa
Abronia nana S. Watson ssp. covillei (Heimerl) Munz
Infrequent, calcaerous substrata at or near timberline on the southern end of the range, 8000-10500 ft.
Inyo:along Methuselah Trail, Schulman Grove, 9600 ft, Morefield 4815 (UC1552044, RSA486325,
NY243475), Taylor 10021 (JEPS backlog). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Abronia turbinata Torrey ex S. Watson
Occassional in sand, stabalized dunes, washes, below ca. 7000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: saddle N side
McAfee Creek mouth, 5450 ft, Morefield 3054 (UC1523906, UCR44109, NY496253) UDeep Springs Valley,
C.A.Purpus 5822 (UC101321) Mono: none. Esmeralda: near Sand Spring, 5190 ft, Morefield & T.S.Elias
Abronia villosa S. Watson var. aurita (Abrams) Jepson
Uncommon in sandy soils in Fish Lake Valley on our eastern flanks. Inyo: none. Mono: 8 mi E of Oasis, C.
Ferris 62 (UC912629) is a proximal record. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Mirabilis L. Four-o'clock
Reference: G. Pilz. Madrono 25:113-132. 1978

1' Fruit strongly 5-ribbed, < 3 mm wide, generally rugose between ribs; involucre enlarged and papery in fruit
................................................................................................................................................... M. pumila
1' Fruit smooth to moderately 5-ribbed, >>3 mm wide, not particularly rugose; involucre not enlarging in fruit
2' Flowers soitary in the involucres ..................................................................................................... M. laevis
3' Fruit spherical, usually with 10 pale lines; stems and leaves with retrorse trichomes as well as glandular
.............................................................................................................................. var. retrorsa
3' Fruit ovoid, lines absent or very faint; stems glandular only ................................................... var. villosa
2' Flowers 3-16 per involucre
4' Perianth 15 mm long, generally shorter than the 15-30 mm long involucral bracts, these free or fused at
base only .................................................................................................................................... M. alipes
4' Perianth 40-60 mm long, the involcural brancts > 22 mm but not hiding the perianth, these fused >>1/2
their length ............................................................................................................................ M. multiflora
Mirabilis alipes (S.Watson) G. Pilz
Scattered and colonial on dry stony flats and in washes, below ca. 7000 ft throughout the range. [syn.
Hermidium alipes S. Watson] Inyo: Silver Canyon Rd 1 mi E of Laws, 4200 ft, G.Pilz 788 (UC1459326)
Uwestern base Black Mtn, above Warm Springs, 4450 ft, Morefield 3444 (UC1535167). Mono: mouth
Coldwater Canyon, 4670 ft, Morefield 3444 (UC1534870, UCR47429, NY496456) UHammil Valley, 4000 ft,
DeDecker 2024 (RSA618351); 2587 (RSA618610). Esmeralda: between B&B Mine and Pinchot Creek,
6500 ft, Duran M48 (UC) U5 mi S of Basalt near mouth Pinchot Cr, 6500 ft, Duran 3256 (UC) Ualluvial fan
Busher Creek, Morefield & R.T. Jones 4378 (NY496395) Uhighway near Basalt, 6000 ft, M.DeDecker 1027
(CAS). Mineral: none.
Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran var. retrorsa (A. Heller) Jepson
Infrequent in desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland settings in the southern half of the range. [syn.
Mirabilis bigelovii A. Gray var. retrorsa (A.A. Heller) Munz] Inyo: 8.5 mi W of summit Westgard Pass, 4600 ft,
Lloyd 2636 (UC1299855) UBirch Creek Canyon 4.8 miles N of Payson Canyon Rd, 6000 ft, Lloyd 2983
(UC1299847) USilver Canyon, 6000 ft, H.Mooney 132 (DS); 4600 ft, V. Duran 3455 (UC1297405,
UC519623, POM214816). Mono: near Southen Belle mine, A.A.Heller 8336 (type material UC161977,
NY622189, US611790, WTU79767) Ualluvial fan Morris Creek, Morefield 3780 (UC1545370). Esmeralda:
Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran var. villosa (Kellogg) Spellenb.
Occassional in desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland settings in the southern end of the range. [syn.
Mirabilis bigelovii A. Gray var. b. & var. aspera (Greene) Munz, cf. R. Spellenberg and S. R. R. Tijerina (Sida
19: 539-570. 2001] Inyo: 4 mi E of Zurich on Westgard Pass Rd, R.M. Straw s.n. (RSA); west base,
H.Mooney 781 (DS); Lloyd 2636 (UC1299855), 2676 (UC1300253) Ueast side Westgard Pass, F.W.Pierson
7540 (RSA69496) UWestgard Pass, A. Eastwood & J.T. Howell 9589 (RSA26196); Dedecker 662
(RSA615474); C. Davidson 4303 (RSA464257) UTollhouse Springs, C.A. Purpus 5759 (UC101213) USilver
Canyon, 5800 ft, Lloyd 2866 (UC not found); 6500 ft, P.A.Munz 13556 (RSA49531); 5500 ft. L. Benson 5940
(RSA280191), 5962 (POM280190) UBirch Creek Canyon, Lloyd 2983 (UC1299847) Unortherly fork Silver
Canyon, 7200 ft, C.B.Wolf 2579 (UC527276, RSA3199, POM213401) Uvicinity Poleta Mine, Morefield 3397
(UC1535109). Mono: Morris Creek alluvial fan, Morefield 3780 (UCR60091); Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) A. Gray var. glandulosa (Standl.) J. F.Macbr.
Infrequent in desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland settings in the southern end of the range. [syn.
Mirabilis froebelii (Behr) Greene] Inyo: Westgard Pass; The Narrows, 7100 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8211
(JEPS29074); 6000 ft, Lloyd 2895 (UC1299841), 6500 ft, Lloyd 2838 (UC1300106) UWestgard Pass, J.& H.
Grinnell 1049 (UC569603); 5 mi E of , G.Pilz 1186 (UC1416516); 0.5 mi W, 7100 ft, G.Pilz s.n. (UC1416517),
787 (NY496533) USilver Canyon, 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7240 (JEPS49473), 7205 (JEPS61314); 5400 ft,
Mitchell 2065 (UC1299816, NY496532) UWyman Canyon mouth, 6000 ft, Duran 3317 (UC1297324,
NY496530); 1 mile below Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Duran 1706 (UC1297326); 6 mi up, B.Maguire &
A.Holmgren 26024 (UC701868, NY496531) UBlack Canyon, 7300 ft, Duran 2883 (UC1297325, UC1297404 )
Ubelow upper Sam's Spring, 6010 ft, Morefield 3999 (UC1549907). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Mirabilis pumila (Standl.) Standl.
Uncommon in desert scrub and settings in the southern end of the range. syn. [Oxypaphus pumilus Standley]
Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 5771 ft, J.T.Howell 41586 (CAS) UBirch Creek canyon 4.8 mi N Westgard Pass Rd, 6000 ft,
Lloyd 2983A (UC1299848) Umouth Birch Creek canyon, Morefield 2336 (NY496595) Uvicinity Sam’s Springs,
Morefield 3997 (NY496596) UPayson Canyon, Dedecker 5694 (RSA625299, UCR141979) USilver Canyon,
Morefield 4791 (NY496597). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
OLEACEAE - Olive Family (OLE - 243)

Menodora Humb. & Bonpl. – Desert olive
Menodora spinescens A. Gray
Frequent low shrub of lower slopes on the southerly flanks of the range below 7000 ft. Inyo: 2.8 mi E of
Big Pine on Westgard Pass Rd, 4200 ft, H.Mooney 8 (DS) UWestgard Pass Rd, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2743
(UC1300042); R.S.Ferris & R.Bacigalupi 8060 (UC496347) Umouth of Black Canyon, 4500 ft, Duran 1931
ONAGRACEAE - Evening Primrose Family (ONA - 224)

Key to Genera
1. Seeds with a coma (a tuft of hairs at one end)
2. Leaves alternate; hypanthium absent (<0.3 mm long), petals entire, stamens subequal in 1 series; pollen
blue-gray, shed in monads Chamerion fireweed
2' Leaves opposite; hypanthium present, 0.3->30 mm long, petals cleft; stamens in 2 unequal series; pollen
cream, shed in tetrads
3. Corolla zygomorphic, the tube 2-3 cm long, with a row of 8 scales in the middle; generally rock crevices
................................................................. Zauschneria california fuscia - not documented in the Whites
3' Corolla radially symmetric, the tube smaller, < white to deep pink, <1cm long, lacking scales in the
middle; generally wet sites Epilobium willow-herb
1' Seeds lacking a coma
4. Ovary 2-celled; hypanthium absent, the tube not prolonged much beyond the ovary; stem branches
capillary .................................................................................................................................... Gayophytum
4' Ovary 4-celled; hypanthium present; stem branches not particularly capillary
5. Stigma 4-lobed; anthers versatile, attached in middle, pollen with viscine-threads
...................................................................................................... Oenothera evening-primrose
5' Stigma capitate ......................................................................... Camissonia suncups, desert primrose
Camissonia Link
Reference:P.H. Raven. 1969. Cont. U.S. National Herb. 37:161-396.
1. Ovary tip elongate, thread like, and sterile; plants acaulescent (Sect. Tetrapteron)
2. Perennial, capsule not winged; petals ca. 20 mm long; leaves deeply and regularly pinnately lobed,
densely short-pilose - not documented in the Whites............................................................ C. tanacetifolia
2' Annual, capsule winged, petals ca. 3 mm long ........................................................................C. palmeri
1' Ovary tip fertile and not thread-like; plants caulescent
3. Seeds with a thick papillate wing bordering a concave-face; petals white with yellow bases
(Sect. Chylismiella) .......................................................................................................... C. pterosperma ‚
3' Seeds not winged, petals uniformly white, yellow or pink
4. Capsules on well defined pedicles, not coiled or contorted; seeds biseriate (Sect. Chylismia)
5. Petals lavender with yellow, lavender-dotted bases; rosette poorly developed
.................................................................................................................................. C. heterochroma
5a. Plants strongly glaucuous and subglabrous ........................... C. heterochroma var. monoensis
5b. Plants glandular pubescent ........................................... C. heterochroma var. heterochroma
5' Petals yellow or white, bases sometimes lavender-dotted; rosette well developed
6' Capsules < 2 mm wide throughout its length .............................................C. walkeri ssp. tortilis
6' Capsules > 3 mm wide, becoming wider upwards ................................................... C. claviformis
7. Petals yellow; flowers opening at dusk ................................... C. claviformis ssp. lancifolia ‚
7' Petals white, sometimes with purple dots; flowers opening at dawn
8' Lateral leaflets absent or feebly developed .............................C. claviformis ssp. integrior
8' Lateral leaflets well developed ........................................... C. claviformis ssp. claviformis
4' Capsules sessile, often coiled, bent or otherwise contorted; seeds uniseriate
9. Petals white, flowers opening at dusk (Sect. Eremothera)
10' Capsules of the same width throughout; petals 2-3 mm long, anthers surrounding stigma at
anthesis C chamaenerioides
10' Capsules becoming wider at tip; petals 4-7 mm long, anthers exceeding stimgma
.................................................................................................................................. C. boothii ‚
11' Rosette persistent well after plants bolt and flower; inflorescence bracts small compared to
cauline and basal leaves; pubescence strigose or plants glabrous
...................................................................................................... C. boothii ssp. desertorum

11' Rosette leaves withered by flowering; inflorescence bracts foliaceous; pubescence spreading
or glandular
12' Trichomes strigose, and only very rarely glandular; seeds minutely pitted
....................................................................................................... C. boothii ssp. alyssoides
12' Trichomes of two types, spreading or glandular; seeds with two patterns of pits (minute
and coarse)
13' Plants 15-40 cm tall (when robust), cauline leaves lanceolate to narrowly ovate, serrate
.................................................................................................... C. boothii ssp. boothii
13' Plants 5-20 cm tall (when robust); cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate,
minutely serrate .................................................................. C. boothii ssp. intermedia
9' Petals yellow, flowers opening at dawn
14' Capsules 4-angled, the enlarged seeds not evident on the outside; lowest cauline nodes with
flowers (Sect. Holostigma) ........................ C. pallida ssp. pallida - not documented in the Whites
14' Capsules terete, the seeds evident on the outside by distending the capsule wall; lowest cauline
nodes vegetative (Sect. Camissonia)
15. Sepals remaining joined at the tip at anthesis (may separate later), often deflexed laterally in
pairs;
16. Selfers, the anthers opening at night before the flower, surrounding and the same length
as the style; petals 2-4 mm long
......................................................................... C. contorta - not documented inthe Whites
16' Outcrosers, the anthers opening at dawn with the petals, shorter than the style; petals 5-
15 mm long
17. Plants with long, spreading hairs; rosettes well developed
18. Style 1.6-3.2 mm long; hypanthium 0.8-1.6 mm; capsule 18-32 long
................................................................................................................ C. pusilla
18' Style 3.2-4.1 mm long; hypanthium 1.3-3 mm; capsule 26-50 mm long
not documented .................................................................................... C. pubens
17' Plants glabrous or strigose, rosette not well developed .................................. C. parvula
Camissonia boothii (Douglas) Raven ssp. alyssoides (Hook. & Arn.) Raven
Uncommon in sandy openings in desert scrub or pinyon woodland on the southern end of the range. ‚
CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo:Black Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 1747 (UC1297446); 5700 ft, Duran 2694 (UC477409)
U7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2643 (UC1299990) UWestgard Pass summit, Morefield
(Additions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Camissonia boothii (Douglas) Raven ssp. boothii
Uncommon in sandy openings in sagebrush or pinyon woodland on the eastern flanks of the range. ‚ CNPS List 2.3
‚ Inyo: road between Deadhorse Meadow and Cottonwood Creek, 7900 ft, Mitchell 2106 (UC1299774,
SD62236) Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Camissonia boothii (Douglas) Raven ssp. desertorum (Munz) Raven
Common in sandy to rocky openings in desert scrub or pinyon woodland along the length of the range. Inyo:
Westgard Pass; P.A. Munz 13520 (RSA49139), R.S. Woglum & E.M. Harvey 3154 (RSA465999, RSA652330);
Narrows, R.Bacigalupi & L.R.Heckard 8216 (JEPS29079), D.D. Keck 530 (UC423476, RSA194072); 6800 ft,
Lloyd 2910 (UC1300090); 5000 ft, F.W. Peirson 7545 (RSA75363) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2694
(JEPS33754, in part) UBlack Mtn, Duran s.n. (RSA4297); SW base, 4350 ft, Morefield 3586 (UC1545301,
RSA442925, UCR59956) USilver Canyon; K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC178507, UC178508, UC178509,
UC178510), P.A. Munz 12716 (RSA39711); L. Benson 5942 (RSA272003); mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3684
(UC1545581, UCR60078). Mono: mouth Milner Canyon, 5900 ft, Morefield 3708 (UC1545584, UCR60044)
Ualluvial fan below Devernois Ranch, 4800 ft, F.W.Pierson 12459 (UC595147, UC640233). Esmeralda:
Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran 2865 (UC). Mineral: none.
Camissonia boothii (Douglas ex Lehm.) P. H. Raven ssp. intermedia (Munz) P. H. Raven
Uncommon in desert scrub on the southern end of the range. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: Deep Springs
Valley, R.S.Ferris 1357 (DS) Uwashes, White Mountains, C.A.Purpus 6425 (UC168462). Mono: none.
Camissonia claviformis (Torrey & Fremont) Raven ssp. claviformis
Uncommon in desert scrub, sabebrush or pinyon woodland on the southern half of the range. Inyo:3 mi E
of Westgard Pass, E.G.Linsley & J.W.MacSwain 59-76 (UC1186559). Mono: north wall McAfeer Creek near
mouth, 5700 ft, Morefield 3622 (UC1545357, UCR59963) Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Camissonia claviformis (Torrey & Fremont) Raven ssp. integrior (Raven) Raven
Uncommon in desert scrub, sagebrush or pinyon woodland throughout the range, below 8000 ft. Inyo:
Westgard Pass 14.8 miles northeast of Zurich, P.Everett & E.K.Balls 21904 (RSA112965) 7.6 mi NE of Deep
Springs, Raven 12835 (RSA). U3 mi E of Westgard Pass, E.G.Linsley & J.W.MacSwain s.n. (RSA145054)
Mono: none. Esmeralda: Fish Lake Valley, 4900 ft, Lankester 775 (BM) Umouth of Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft,
Duran 3275 (UC). Mineral: none.
Camissonia claviformis (Torrey & Fremont) Raven ssp. lancifolia (Heller) Raven
Common in wet years in desert scrub, sagebrush or pinyon woodland throughout the range, below 6500 ft.
Inyo: Silver Canyon east of Laws, A.A.Heller 8231 (holotype US611229, isotypes UC162456, NY231278,
CAS144 of Chylismia lancifolia A. Heller, the basionym) Umouth of Black Canyon, 4300 ft, Taylor 7079
(JEPS90057). Mono: north wall Coldwater Canyon near mouth, 4670 ft, Morefield 3448 (UC1534874,
UCR47597) Ucanyon 1.7 mi NE Poleta Mine, 5100 ft, Morefield 3402 (UC1535114, RSA387654, UCR47430).
Camissonia chamaenerioides (A. Gray) Raven
Uncommon in desert scrub on the southern half of the range. Inyo: Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2672
(JEPS33753) Ucanyon 1.45 mi NE Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3383 (UC1535100, RSA387486). Mono:
north wall Coldwater Canyon near mouth, 5100 ft, Morefield 3430 (UC1534856, RSA387708, UCR47452).
Camissonia heterochroma (S. Watson) Raven
Infrequent, late summer flowering, rocky talus slopes and cliffs below ca. 7500 ft throughout the range. At
least in Mono County, the characters that mark var. monoensis (Munz) Cronquist seem well fixed but they
breakdown elsewhere. Inyo: 2 mi W of Westgard Pass, P.H.Raven 6251 (CAS) USilver Canyon 7.7 mi E of
Laws, P.A.Munz 12693 (RSA39440); Taylor 19505 (UC backlog) Ucanyon above Sam’s Springs, 6900 ft,
Morefield 3135 (RSA347129). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Camissonia palmeri (S. Watson) Raven
Uncommon in desert scrub on the southern half of the range. Inyo: western base Black Mtn, 4000 ft,
Morefield 3579 (UC1535010, RSA359329). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Camissonia parvula (Torrey & A. Gray) Raven
Uncommon in desert scrub, sagebrush or pinyon woodland throughout the range, below 10200 ft. Inyo
canyon near Sam's Spring, 5620 ft, Morefield 3595 (UC1535011, RSA359233). Mono: mouth of Pellisier
Creek, 5050 ft, Morefield 3454 (UC1535001, UCR47565) UCottonwood Creek, Duran s.n. (UC1297441).
Esmeralda: 2 mi N Sugarloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15257 (UC). Mineral: none.
Camissonia pterosperma (S. Watson) Raven
Uncommon in desert scrub, sagebrush or pinyon woodland in the southerly half of the range, below 7500 ft.
Inyo: mouth of Black Canyon, 4800 ft, Taylor 6846 (JEPS83847, JEPS89953) UCedar Flat, 7000 ft, Duran
s.n. (UC1297261) Uwest side Westgard Pass, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9622 (CAS) U1.8 mi N Wilkerson
Spring, 4350 ft, Morefield 3364 (UC1534998, RSA359341) UColdwater Canyon, 5450 ft, Morefield 3418
(UC1534999, UCR47562) UMollie Gibson Mine road, Dedecker 6487 (RSA627186). Mono: none;
Camissonia pusilla Raven
Uncommon in desert scrub, sagebrush or pinyon woodland throughout the range, below 7000 ft. Inyo: near
mouth Wyman Canyon, 5620 ft, Morefield 3531 (UC1535006, RSA359334) UWyman Canyon narrows
bypass road, 6650 ft, Morefield 3643 (UC1535014, RSA359231, UCR47575) UWestgard Pass, Duran s.n.
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); H. Lewis 1091 (RSA113838) Mono: mouth of Rock Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield
3486 (UC1535003, UCR47563) Umouth of Marble Creek, Hammil Valley, 6500 ft, Morefield 3736
(UC1535019, UCR47614). Esmeralda: near Pinyon Hill, 6500 ft, Duran 2860 (UC) UIndian Creek, 6000 ft,
Lankester 813 (BM) UChiatovich Creek, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none
Camissonia walkeri (Nelson) Raven ssp. tortilis (Jepson) Raven
Infrequent calcareous rock faces, travertine outcrops, below ca. 6000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
travertine outcrops at Warm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 4300 ft, Morefield 3564 (UC1535045,
RSA387459) UMarble Canyon at Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2655 (UC519628) UMillie Gibson Mine road,
V. Yoder 6481 (RSA627314). Mono: mouth of Milner Creek, 5900 ft, Morefield 3706 (UC1545603,
Chamerion Raf. Fireweed

1. Racemes elongate, many-flowered, not leafed; styles hairy at base, longer than the stamens
................................................................................................................................................. C. angustifolium
1' Racemes few-flowered and leafy-bracteate; style glabrous and shorter than the stamens
not documented ........................................................................................................................... C. latifolium -
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Auct. [JM - Epilobium angustifolium]. Webber
(Colorado Flora Western Slope, 1987) notes that Rafinesque used this spelling, whereas later authors have used
Chamaenerion. Inyo: White Mtn Rd 1.5 mi N of Cedar Flat, M. Dedecker 2233 (RSA206024, RSA616775); R.F. Thorne
et al. 38684 (RSA281043). UWhite Mtns, A.C.Shelton s.n. in 1917 (UC423058). Mono: McAfee Creek Canyon, 11500
ft, Lloyd 3316 (UC1300275). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Epilobium L. Willow Herb

A large number of taxa of Epilobium occur in the high mountains of California: many form mixed populations in meadows
and herb rich streamsides. In most sites there are several common willow-herbs and one or two rare ones. Careful
excavation and inspection is needed to determine presence of turions. Additional taxa should be expected to occr in the
Whites.
1. Annuals
2. Plants glandular; hypanthium >3 mm ................................................................................ E. brachycarpum
2' Plants pubescent or glabrous but nonglandular; hypanthium < 1 mm
3. Inflorescence dense, flowers = internodes; leaves folded along midrib; petals 1.8-2.5mm
.................................................................................................................................................E. foliosum
3' Inflorescence open, flowers << internodes; leaves plane, not folded along midrib; petals 2-5 mm
............................................................................................................................................... E. minutum
2. Perennials
4. Stigma 4-lobed, petals deep rose, >15mm long ................................ E. obcordatum - not known our region
4' Stigma entire to capitate, petals <15 mm long
5. Turions present at base, not on long threadlike stolons
6. Leaf veins obscure; seeds papillate
7. Inflorescence " erect, pedicles in fruit 1-5 mm, leaves 10-65 mm long ................. E. saximontanum
7' Inflorescence nodding, pedicles 10-40 mm; leaves 5-45 mm
.......................................................................................................... E. halleanum - not known our region
6' Leaf-veins evident; seeds ridged ............................................................................................. E. ciliatum
8. Petals white to pink, 2-6 mm long; upper leaves lanceolate, reduced into inflorescence,
inflorescence dense; basal rosettes evident E. ciliatum ssp. ciliatum
8' Petals pink to rose; 4-15 mm long; upper leaves lanceolate to ovate, not reduced into inflorescence;
inflorescence open, basal rosettes few.
................................................................................................................ E. ciliatum ssp. glandulosum
5' Turions absent or on long thread-like stolons.
9. Plants pubescent
10. Pubescence densely glandular, petals 2-4 mm long, white
rare in the Sierra - not known our region ......................................................................... E. howellii ‚
10' Pubescence non-glandular, petals 3-9 mm, white to pink
11. Short densely cespitose <2 dm, fruit 17-40 mm long
12. Inflorescence erect, pedicles << fruit at maturity, 2-18 mm, seed 1.5-2.1 mm, papillate; seed hair
tuft deciduous ......................................................................... E. clavatum - not known our region
12' Inflorescence " nodding, pedicles <= fruit at maturity, 10-55 mm, seed 0.8-1.4 mm, hair tuft
persistent ........................................................................................................ E. anagallidifolium
11' Taller, loosely cespitose 2-5 dm; fruit 40-100 mm
13. Pedicle << fruit, 5-15 mm; fruit 40-65 mm; petals pink to rose
.................................................................................................................................... E. hornemannii
13' Pedicle <= fruit, 20-45 mm, fruit 50-100 mm, petals white to pink
.................................................................................................... E. lactiflorum - not known our region
9' Plants glabrous (except few hairs in inflorescence)
14. Plants low and matted, <4 dm, with long thread-like stolons; inflorescence open, bracts<<
internodes ................................................................................................................... E. oregonense
14' Plants taller and not matted, +> 5 dm; stolons thick, short and scaly; inflorescence dense, bracts "
internodes ...................................................................................................................E. glaberrimum
15. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 10-35 mm long, fruit 20-55 mm long; plants " 3-5 dm tall
........................................................................ E. glaberrimum ssp. fastigiatum - not known our region
15' Leaves lanceolate to ovate, 20-70 mm, fruit 45-75 mm; plants " 5-8 dm tall
..................................................................................................... E. glaberrimum ssp. glaberrimum
Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam.
Rare, moist turf banks of subalpine streams and snowbeds, about 10000 ft on the northern end of the
range. [syn. E. alpinum L., misapplied] Inyo: none. Mono: Chiatovich Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 3120
Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl. [syn. E. paniculatum Torrey & A. Gray]
Uncommon in open scrub or woodland, below ca. 7000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono:Pellisier Creek, 6050 ft,
Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4347 (UC1550013) UTollhouse Springs, 5971 ft, Lloyd 3332 (UC not found),
Esmeralda: old Davis Ranch, Chiatovich Creek, W.H.Shockely 600 (JEPS). Mineral: none.
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum
Occassional in wet streamside settings below ca. 10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon,
6500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7412 (JEPS39281); 7000 ft, P.A. Munz 12717 (RSA39487) UMarble Canyon branch of
Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran s.n (UC1297450) UWyman Creek, 5900 ft, Mitchell 2154 (UC1299918)
UTollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 3332 (UC1300281). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9000 ft, Duran 1596
(UC1297260) USacramento Canyon, 10000 ft, Duran 2880 (UC1297448) ULone Tree Creek, 10000 ft,
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) P. Hoch & Raven
Uncommon in wet sites at 8000-9000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: White Mtns,
W.H.Shockley 484 (JEPS not found). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 3116 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Epilobium glaberrimum Barbey ssp. glaberrimum - Glaucous Willowherb
Uncommon in wet sites at 8000-9000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 5360 ft, A. Pinzl 4418 (NESH) Mineral: none
Epilobium hornemannii Reichb. ssp. hornemannii
Uncommon in wet sites at below 9000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Bishop lab ground along irrigation
ditch, 4000 ft, Taylor 15292b (JEPS101737). Mono: Indian Creek headwaters, 9950 ft, Morefield 4842
(UC1552054) UChiatovich Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 3120 (UTC3086). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Epilobium oregonense Hausskn
Uncommon in wet sites at 8000-9000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Chiatovich
Creek canyon, 10570 ft, Morefield & C.Perala 4820 (UC1552046). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 9050 ft,
Morefield 4316 (Additions IV). Mineral: none.
Epilobium saximontanum Hausskn.
Uncommon in wet sites at below 12000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Creek Canyon,
11500 ft, Lloyd 3312 (UC1300272) UMorefield 2331 (Additions IV). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Gayophytum A. Juss. Groundsmoke

Reference: H. Lewis & J. Szweykowski. 1964. Brittonia 16:343-391.
Very small Gayophytum plants often can not be identified with confidence owing to the failure to develop the branching
patterns characteristic of the species. Most populations support two or even three taxa, compounding the problem of
naming of dwarfs.
1. Petals 3-8 mm; stigma exceeding anthers at anthesis (outcrossing)
not documented ....................................................................................................................... G. eriospermum
1' Petals <3 mm; stigma and anthers same length at anthesis (self-pollinated)
2. Capsules wavy in outline, "50% of seeds not filling
not documented.................................................................................................................. G. heterozygum
2' Capsules with regular outline; most seeds filling
3. Plants branched only at base; secondary branches generally lacking; capsule flattened
4. Petals 0.8-1.5 mm long; larger stamens 0.7 mm long; lateral fruit valves remaining attached to axis not
documented .............................................................................................................................. G. humile
4' Petals 1.3-1.8 mm long; larger stamens 0.8-1.5 mm; all fruit valves detaching at dehiscence
.......................................................................................................................................... G. racemosum
3' Plants freely branched, secondary branches well developed in larger plants; capsule terete
5. Seeds in each locule overlapping, in 2 rows
6. Petals 0.7-1.5 mm long; pedicle > capsule ............................................................. G. ramosissimum
6' Petals 1.5-3 mm; pedicle < capsule .................................................... G. diffusum ssp. parviflorum
5' Seeds in each locule not overlapped, in 1 row
7. Secondary branches separated by 2-8 non-branched nodes; capsules not torulose
...........................................................................................................................................G. decipens
7' Secondary branches arising at most all upper nodes; capsules appearing torulose, the seeds
staggered, those in one cell alternating with those in the other............ G. diffusum ssp. parviflorum
Gayophytum decipiens F. H. Lewis & Szweyk.
Occassional in loose soil, disturbed sites, below ca. 11000 ft in the southern half of the range. Inyo: head
of Black Canyon, 9500 ft, F.V.Coville 1797 (JEPS27509, UC677534). Mono: McCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Lloyd
2919 (UC1300083) Uhead of Crooked Creek, B.Magurie & A. Holmgren 26139 (UC701907) UCrooked Creek
lab, 10200 ft, J.M.Tucker 2243 (UC984777) Uhead of Wyman Canyon, P.A.Munz 21042 (LA) UBig Prospector
Meadow, W.J. Jepson 7355 (JEPS27510) UWhite Mountains, W.H.Shockley s.n. in 1886 (JEPS27567).
Esmeralda:none; Mineral: none.
Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & A. Gray ssp. parviflorum F. H Lewis & Szweyk.
Occassional in loose soil, disturbed sites, often on sagebrush-meadow ecotones, below ca. 11000 ft in the
southern half of the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Duran 1745B (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
UWhite Mtn Rd 1.5 mi N Cedar Flat, R.F.Thorne et al. 38687 (RSA280125); M. Dedecker 2234 (RSA206014,
RSA616774) UReed Flat, J.&L. Roos 5127 (RSA71676). Mono: Sagehen Flat, 10100 ft. Lloyd 3163
(UC1389326) UCampito Meadow, G.K. Helmkamp 4327 (UCR121755). Esmeralda:none; Mineral: none.
Gayophytum racemosum Torrey & A. Gray - Unbranched gayophytum
Uncommon, alpine sites in the central part of the range. Inyo: none Mono: headwaters Cottonwood Creek,
12000 ft, Dedecker 2226 (RSA616561). Esmeralda:none; Mineral: none.
Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & A. Gray
Occassional in loose soil or disturbed sites, throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Duran
1745A (UC1297451). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, H.Lewis 1351 (LA). Esmeralda: 2 mi N Sugraloaf
Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15268 (UC). Mineral: none.
Oenothera L. Evening-primrose
Reference: W.L. Wagner, R.E. Stockhouse and W.M. Klein. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Garden Vol. 12
1. Flowers white, fading rose
2' Buds nodding; lower stems with exfoliating epidermis that developes along with secondary growth;
capsules smooth, with 1 seed row per locule (Sect. Anogra)
3. Annual of valley dunes on our flanks ............................................................. Oe. deltoides ssp. deltoides
3' Rhizomatous perennial of east slope ............................................................. Oe. californica ssp. avita
2. Buds erect; lower stems without exfoliating epidermis; capsules tubercled, with seeds in 2 rows per locule
(Sect. Pachylophus)
4. Capsules 10-34 mm long, generally wider in middle and 'S'-shaped; petals fading deep rose-purple.......
...................................................................................................................Oe. caespitosa ssp. crinita ‚
4' Capsule 25-68 mm long, cylindric, straight; petals fading light pink to lavender
................................................................................................................ Oe. caespitosa ssp. marginata
1' Flowers yellow, fading reddish
5. Tall 'biennial' (monocarpic) plants, 0.5-1.5 m tall ............................................................................ Oe. elata
5' Short annual or perennial plants, <0.3 dm tall; mature capsules twisted, narrow at tip compared to base
(Sect. Contortae).................................................................... Oe. xylocarpa ‚ - not known from the Whites
Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ssp. crinita (Rydberg) Munz ‚ CNPS List 2 ‚
Wagner et al. (1985) do not cite specimens of this taxon from the Whites; however, its geographic range, and
stated preference for dolomite, suggest it might be present. Their map, however, suggests that it occurs in
our region.
Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ssp. marginata (Nuttall ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz
Conspicuous in scrub, pinyon woodland, below ca. 10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: canyon descending
to Antelope Springs, 6500 ft, Taylor 6435 (JEPS89988) UWestgard Pass; Dedecker 665 (RSA615477); 5.5
mi W of, D. Gregory 392 (UC1175066), 391 (UC1175067. RSA138331); 5 mi E, E.G.Linsley & J.W.MacSwain
59-77 (UC1186558, RSA146040) UTollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2723 (UC1299937) U10 mi NE of Big
Pine on Westgard Pass Rd, D.D. Keck 529 (POM194071); G. Helmkamp 2454 (RSA615631) UWestgard Pass,
A. Eastwood & J.T. Howell 9604 (POM304517); E.C. Twisselmann 15557 (RSA211991); P.A. Munz 12708
(RSA39507), 13510 (RSA49147, RSA49148); R.S. Woglum 3716 (RSA355267) UColdwater Canyon near
Laws, K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC174845) USilver Canyon A.A. Heller 8219 (DS29366, lectotype,
NY231254, CAS45931, GH73044, US611218 isolectotypes of Angora longifolia Heller, a synonym);
K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC403426); 5500 ft, L. Benson 5694 (POM271927); P.A. Munz 13562 (RSA49528)
UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 552 (POM179791). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1648
(UC1297440) Ucanyon 1.5 mi NE Poleta Mine, 4850 ft, Morefield 3398 (UC1535110) U0.5 mi N of Crooked
Creek lab, 10300 ft, H.A. Mooney 547 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: Queen Canyon
7300 ft, Mitchell 2746 (UC1333272, state and county erroneous in UC database); saddle at 9880 ft, Taylor
15246 (UC) Uconfluence North Fork & South Fork Chiatovich Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 2079 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Oenothera californica (S. Watson) S. Watson ssp. avita W. M Klein
Ocassional in sand on the lower flanks of the range, below 7000 ft. [syn. O. avita (Klein) Klein] Inyo: Wyman
Canyon road, 8000 ft, Lloyd 2815 (UC1300004); 2774 (UC1300029) UMcAfee Creek cnyon, 5400 ft,
Morefield 3055 (UC1523907, UCR44100). Mono: 5 mi S of Oasis, W. Klein 351 (UC1241171) UFish Lake
Valley, Lankester 820 (BM) Esmeralda: Queen Canyon, 7700 ft, Mitchell 2745 (UC) UPinchot Creek, 7000 ft,
Duran 2753 (UC). Mineral: none
Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém ssp. deltoides –
Uncommon in sand on the floor of the southerly valleys flanking the range. Inyo:near Klondike Lake, 4000
ft, Taylor 7067 (JEPS89987) is the most proximal station. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Oenothera elata Kunth ssp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S. Waton) W. Dietr.
Infrequent in moist riparian settings or about springs, below 8000 ft on the southerly end of the range. [syn.
Oe. hookeri Torrey & A. Gray ssp. angustifolia (Gates) Munz] Inyo:Wyman Canyon, Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft,
Duran 1728 (UC1297445) UBirch Creek Canyon, Westgard Pass, 6000 ft, Lloyd 2982 (UC1300220)
UTollhouse Spring, 5971 ft, Lloyd 3333a (UC not found) UBlack Canyon, L.C Wheeler 7519 (RSA604459).
Oenothera longissima Rydb
Infrequent in moist settings about springs, below 7000 ft on the southerly end of the range. Inyo:marsh
about Antelope Springs, Deep Springs Valley, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3015 (UC1300213). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Oenothera primiveris A. Gray ssp. bufonis (M. E. Jones) Munz
Uncommon in sand on the floor of the southerly valleys flanking the range. Inyo: Deep Springs Valley,
Duran 3311 (UC1282123). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
OROBANCHACEAE - Broom-Rape Family (ORO - 261)

Orobanche L. Broom-Rape
Reference: L.R. Heckard. 1973. Madroño 22:41-71. These are poorly collected. Orobanchaceae is herein reserved sensu
stricto. Presently, dismemberment of the polyphyletic Scrophulariaceae constructs an Orobanchaceae that includes
hemiparasitic members, but these are more logically separated into their lineage reals of the Pedicularidaceae and
Rhinanthaceae.
1. Inflorescence of <20 flowers per plant; pedicles long, scapose; bractlets on pedicle absent
(Sect. Gymnocaulis)
2. Flowers white to violet, 1-3 per plant; plants generally < 5 cm tall; with Sedum or Saxifraga in moist,
shaded sites ......................................................................................... O. uniflora - not known in the Whites
2' Flowers yellow with some violet on the lobes; 5-or more per plant; plants generally > 5 cm tall, parasitic on
Artemisia, Eriodictyon and Eriogonum on open dry slopes ..................................................... O. fasciculata
1' Inflorescence of >20 flowers per plant, flowers appearing sessile; bractles present pedicle, usually 2
(Sect. Nothaphyllon)
3' Calyx lobes 5-10 mm long; plants (including buried portion) to 3 dm long, gen unbranched
................................................................................................................................................... O. parishii ‚
3' Calyx lobes 10-16 mm long; plants to 2 dm long; inflorescence branched; anthers hariy all over; generally
on Artemisia .......................................................................................................................... O. corymbosa
Orobanche corymbosa (Rydb.) Ferris
Parasitic on Artemisia tridentata in loose soils, below ca. 9500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: 1 mile N of
Studebaker Flat, 8600 ft, H.Mooney 808 (DS) USilver Canyon, Duran 2496 (UC not found) Uridge near
County Line Hill, 10400 ft, H.Mooney 531 (DS) UCedar Flat, G.K. Helmkamp 2459 (UCR99909). Mono:
Cottonwood Creek, 9200 ft, Lloyd 3298 (UC not found) UStation Peak, 10000 ft, Duran 1590 (UC not found).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 2547a (UC) UTrail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3348 (UC,
ARIZ159984, RSA181997, SD62313). Mineral: none.
Orobanche fasciculata Nutt.
Parasitic on shrubs of Asteraceae and Eriogonum, below ca. 10500 ft throughout the range. Inyo:head of
Silver Canyon, 9300 ft, H.Mooney 292 (DS) UWhite Mtn. Rd., 8000 ft, W.Roderick s.n. (UC) UStation Peak,
10000 ft, Duran 1523a (UC not found). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Lloyd 2924 (JEPS77404).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran M71 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran M72 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Orobanche parishii (Jeps.) Heckard
Rare in heavy alkaline soils, parasitic on Chrysothamnus or Ericameria, below ca. 7000 ft flanking the range.
Of conservation concern, but not CNPS Listed. Cited in Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) as O. ludoviciana var.
arenosa (Suksd.) Cronq. Inyo: Black Canyon of Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran s.n. (JEPS65941). Mono:
none; Esmeralda County; none; Mineral: none.
PAPAVERACEAE - Poppy Family (PAP - 105)

Key to Genera
1. Petals white only; perennials > 4 dm tall; stamens >50; leaves and stems spiny
................................................................................................................................. Argemone prickly poppy
1' Petals with some yellow (sometimes white at base), orange or red
....................................................................................................................... Eschscholzia California poppy
Argemone L. Prickly Poppy

Argemone munita Durand & Hilg. ssp. rotundata (Rydberg) G.B.Ownbey -
Scattered and isolated, except on occasion where colonial in disturbed sites, below ca. 8500 ft in the
southern end of the range. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1712 (UC1297335), 3055
(UC1297336) U5.4 mi W Westgard Pass, 5900 ft, Lloyd 2669 (UC1299974) UWestgard Pass, 7000 ft,
J.M.Gillett & A.G.Moulds 12737Gb (UC1313178) USilver Canyon, 7350 ft, H.Mooney et al. 104 (UC1714813).
Mono: none; Esmeralda: mouth Leidy Creek Canyon, Morefield 2366 (NY499910) Mineral: none.
Eschscholzia Cham. California poppy

1' Petals 6-18 mm ....................................................................................................... E. minutiflora ssp. covillei
1' Petals 3-6 mm ................................................................................................... E. minutiflora ssp. minutiflora
Eschscholzia minutiflora S. Watson ssp. covillei (Greene) C. Clark
Occasional, wet years in rocky or sandy washes in desert scrub below ca. 6000 ft on the southern end of the
range. [syn. var. darwinensis M.E. Jones] Inyo: canyon 1.4 mi NW Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3413
(UC1534842) UGunter Canyon narrows, G. Wrinkle s.n. (RSA626442). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Eschscholzia minutiflora S. Watson ssp. minutiflora
Frequent, rocky or sandy washes in desert scrub below ca. 7500 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo:
Tollhouse Springs, J. Hopkins s.n. (SBBG70192) Uroad from Deep Springs Valley to Fish Lake Valley,
Duran M67 (UC1282126) U7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2649 (UC1299987) Unear drainage
ne of Wyman Creek, 5870 ft, Morefield 3539 (UC1534890, NY500016) Ucanyon 1.4 mi NW Poleta Mine,
5650 ft, Morefield 3396 (UC1535108, NY500014); 4513 (NY500015) Ubetween mouths of Birch and Beer
Creeks, Fish Lake Valley, 5190 ft, Morefield 3295 (UC1535135, NY500012) Unear mouth Furnace Creek,
5580 ft, Morefield et al. 4406 (UC1545427, UCR60100, NY500017) UBlack Canyon, Duran 2668 (UC477371,
NY500020) USilver Canyon, Duran M66 (UC1297337); A.A. Heller 8195 (NY500018). Mono: none;
PARNASSIACEAE - Grass-of-Parnassus Family (PAR - 118)

Parnassia L. Grass-of-Parnassus
1. Lobes of the staminode more than >15, 5-9 mm long, the lateral lobes subequal in length the tips rounded
but with a center depression; bract attached well above middle of peduncle
not documented ........................................................................................................................... P. californica
1' Lobes of the staminode less than9-12, 4-5 mm long, the lateral lobes smaller, the tips spherical; bract
attached from below to just above the middle of peduncle ............................................................ P. parviflora
Parnassia parviflora DC.
Infrequent, wet meadows and seepage areas along streams, below 10000 ft in the northern end of the range.
- Rare in CA, being only known from an 1866 collection at Mono Lake, to be sought thoughout the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: Falls Canyon, 6600 ft, Morefield & C.W. Abbott 4364 (UC1535037, UCR47609,
NY783807).. Esmeralda: in damp open hummocky places, Chiatovich Creek, 8700 ft, Duran 3115
(UC1297332, NY783802). UTrail Canyon, Morefield 4315 (NY783806) Mineral: none.
PHILADELPHIACEAE Mock Orange Family (PHI - 118a)

Key to Genera
1. Flowers white; leaves pinnately many veined Philadelphus mock-orange
1' Flowers pink; leaves 3-veined from base ....................................................................... Jamesia cliff-bush ‚
Jamesia Torrey & A. Gray

Jamesia americana Torrey & A. Gray var. rosea C.K. Schneid. – Cliff-bush.
Rare on sheltered cliff bases and in large blocky talus, below 10500 ft ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: SE
rim of Perry Aiken Flat, 10800 ft, Morefield 4168 (UC1549990, RSA464002) UTres Plumas Creek canyon, 9770 ft,
Morefield (Additions III). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Philadelphus L. Mock Orange

Philadelphus microphyllus A. Gray – desert mock orange
Infrequent on sheltered, calcareous canyon or cliff settings, below ca. 8500 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
2 mi below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 7800 ft, Duran 1721 (UC1297331); 6600 ft, M.DeDecker 4738
(UC1442681, RSA622949, NY757796); 8000 ft, Taylor 9161 (UC1540188); 11 mi up, B.Maguire &
A.Holmgren 26038 (UC701643, NY757794) Uconfluence Black Canyon and Marble Canyon, 5900 ft, Mitchell
2111 (UC1299812, SD62183, NY757795); Dedecker 3841 (RSA620575) UMontenegro Spring, 7050 ft,
Lloyd 3127 (UC1300320). Mono: White Mtns, 7000 ft, W.H.Shockley 454 (NY186337, holotype of P.
stramineus Rydberg, a synonym, isotypes JEPS49609, UC192543, A42932, NY186338), s.n. July 1888
(UC415568). 5 mi E of Crooked Creek lab, 9300 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8088 (JEPS28216, JEPS81928)
UCottonwood Creek, 8500 ft, Duran M82 (UC1297330) UCabin Creek, 7280 ft, Morefield 4159
PLANTAGINACEAE - Plantain Family (PTG - 269)

Plantago L.
Reference: L.J. Bassett. 1966. Canad. J. Bot. 44:467-479.
1. Annual; leaves entire, pubescent ........................................................ P. ovata - not documented in the Whites
1' Perennial
2. Leaves petiolate, ovate, cordate at base, up to 10 cm wide ............................................................. P. major
2' Leaves tapered to sessile bases; inflorescence ovoid, 2-8 cm long, the lower flowers not separated from
upper P. lanceolata
*Plantago lanceolata L. - English Plantain.
Frequent weed of roadsides and occasionally in overgrazed pastures, below 7500 ft. Inyo: spring 1 mi S of Silver
Canyon mouth, 4230 ft, Morefield 2123 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
*Plantago major L. - Common Plantain.
Infrequent weed of moist disturbed trail edges, meadows, paved road margins, below about 8800 ft. Inyo:Marble
Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2888 (UC1297588); 6200 ft, Mitchell 2114 (UC1299809) UMontenegro Spring, 7050 ft,
Lloyd 3117 (UC1300252) UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3022 (UC1300224). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
POLEMONIACEAE - Phlox Family (PLM - 250)

Genera absent: Allophyllum gilioides (Benth.) A.D. Grant & V. Grant ssp. violaceum (A.A. Heller) A.G. Day is found on
Glass Mountain and in the Inyo Mountains; Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant ssp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry,
conspicupous red-flowered biennial documented in the Bodie Hills and on Glass Mountain. Microsteris gracilis (Hook.)
Greene, a ubiquitous annual, is also absent.
Key to Genera
1. Annual
2. Leaves absent (except the cotyledons and leafy bracts below flowers) ................................... Gymnosteris
2' Leaves present
3. Calyx membranous between the segments, the membrane becoming ruptured as the capsule matures
4. Leaves opposite
5. Stamens equally inserted .................................................................................................... Linanthus
5' Stamens unequally inserted ............................................. Microsteris - not documented in the Whites
4' Leaves alternate
6. Inflorescence a dense, spiny-bracteate head (i.e. ouch!)
7. Inflorescence woolly ....................................................................................... Eriastrum woolly-star
7' Inflorescence not woolly ..................................................................................................... Navarretia
6' Inflorescence open, without spiny bracts
8. Leaves in a basal rosette, cauline leaves reduced, often entire compared to basal
........................................................................................................ Gilia & Alicella - see key to Gilia
8' Upper cauline leaves equal in size and lobbing to lower cauline
......................................................................................... Allophyllum - not documented in the Whites
3' Calyx membrane absent, the calyx lobes growing with the capsule and becoming chartaceus (papery)
with age ...................................................................................................................................... Collomia
1' Perennial
9. Flowers red, with a long tube; biennials with leaves deeply pinnatifid
Not documented in the Whites .................................................................................. Ipomopsis skyrocket
9' Flowers white, yellow, salmon, blue or combinations thereof
11. Leaves pinnately compound ....................................................Polemonium sky-pilot, Jacob's ladder
11' Leaves entire, pinnatifid or palmate, not pinnate
12. Leaves opposite
13. Stamens attached at different levels; leaves entire ....................................................... Phlox phlox
13' Stamens attached at single level; leaves palmate ....................................................... Linanthastrum

14. Leaves and calyx lobes spine tipped .................................................. Leptodactylon prickly phlox
14' Leaves and calyx lobes lacking spines Ipomopsis skyrocket
Aliciella Brand
References: A holophylletic genus extracted from the polyphylletic Gilia (which see)
1. Perennial, corolla lobes dissimilar in color on upper vs lower surfaces
(Subg. Gilmania) ................................................................................................................................ A. latifolia
1= Annuals, corolla lobes similar in color on either surface (Sect, Aliciella)
2. Lower leaves bipinnate, corolla tube glandular-puberulent, the lobes with undulate margins
.............................................................................................................................. Aliciella hutchinsifolia
2' Lower leaves pinnate or deeply pinnatifid; corolla tube glabrous, the lobe margins plane
3. Corolla throat wider than tube, exserted from the calyx
4. Corolla tube gradually flaring to the orifice, lobes broadly lanceolata, acute
5. Pedicles appearing dimorphic, the terminal one < calyx; inflorescence
branches ascending....................................................................................... Alicella leptomeria
5’ Pedicles all >calyx; inflorescence branches spreading
not documented..................................................................................................... A. humillimus
4’ Corolla tube somewhat constricted at orifice, the lobes truncate but cuspidate
.................................................................................................................................... A. subacaulis
3' Corolla tube included in calyx, either narrow or expanded
6. Corolla 2-4 mm, throat expanded wider than tube but included; fruit spherical, gen < calyx ...........
......................................................................... Alicella micromeria - not documented in the Whites
6' Corolla 4-7 mm, throat slightly expanded, exserted from the tube; fruit ovoid, gen > calyx
............................................................................................................................... Aliciella lottiae
Aliciella hutchinsifolia (Rydb.) J.M. Porter
Uncommon, sandy slopes and washes on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: none. Mono:north side
McAfee Creek near mouth, Morefield 3060 (UC1523911, UCR44069). Esmeralda: north of Pinyon Hill,
6500 ft, Duran 2754 (UC). Mineral: none.
Aliciella latifolia (S. Watson) J.M. Porter ssp. latifolia
Frequent, sandy slopes and washes on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, K. Brandegee
s.n. in 1913 (UC205788); P.A.Munz 12719 (RSA) UTollhouse Springs, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9569 (CAS)
UMarble Fork Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2737 (UC908124). Mono: mouth of Coldwater Canyon, 5000 ft,
Morefield 3637 (UC1545594) UMilner Canyon, 5900 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1763 (UC1282164). Esmeralda:
Aliciella leptomeria (A. Gray) J.M. Porter
Frequent in openings within desert scrub or pinyon woodland alaong the lower flanks of the range. [syn.
Gilia leptomeria A. Gray] The similar Aliciella humillima (Brand) J. M. Porter is documented from the Owens
Valley and should be sought on our southwesterly flanks. Inyo: western base Black Mtn, 4700 ft, Morefield
3577 (UC1535057) Uat the mouth of Furnace Creek, 5580 ft, Morefield et al. 4416 (UC1545410) UMollie
Gibson Mine Rd, M. Dedecker 6485 (RSA627188) UGilbert Pass, Dedecker 4089 (RSA619419). Mono: mouth
of McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3606 (UC1545321, UCR59900) UDeveronis Ranch, Hammil Valley, 4700
ft, F.W.Perison 12460 (UC599217) Ufan of Coldwater Creek, Dedecker 2090 (RSA629268) UHammil Station,
Duran M43 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: UTrail Canyon, Duran M4B (UC). Mineral: none.
Alicella lottiae (A. Day) J.M.Porter
Uncommon, sandy slopes and washes on the lower flanks of the range. [Gilia lottiae A. Day, Novon 3:332.
1993] Inyo: western base Black Mtn, Morefield 3577 (GH, RSA) USilver Canyon, K. Brandegee s.n.
(POM11753). Mono: Hammil Station, V. Duran M3 (UC908744). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Aliciella subacaulis (Rydb.) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson
Uncommon, sandy slopes and washes on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: vicinity mouth Wyman Creek,
6100 ft, Morefield 3546 (UC1534896) Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8300 ft, Duran M9 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Collomia Nutt
Collomia linearis Nutt.
Uncommon, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland and washes throughout the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: Chiatovich Flats, 10400 ft, Morefield & C.Perla 4818 (UC1552045) UWhite Mountains,
11000 ft, W.H.Shockley 475 (JEPS71058), 12000 ft, 594 (JEPS71059) UCabin Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 2553
(UC908155). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3096 (UC). Mineral: none.
Eriastrum Woot. & Standley

Reference: H.K. Harrison. 1972. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. Biol. Ser. 16:1-26.
1. Coarse, woody-base perennials ................................................ E. densifloruim - not documented in the Whites
1' Annuals
2. Corolla showy and relatively large, 15-23 mm long and deep blue .......................................... E. eremicum
2' Corolla not reatively showy, <12 mm long or so, pale blue
3. Stamens of unequal lengths
4. Stamens attached at base of throat or lower in the tube; calyx 6-10 mm ........................... E. wilcoxii
4' Stamens attached at the top of the throat; calys 5-6 mm ................................................. E. diffusum
3' Stames equal in length of filaments ................................................................................. E. sparsiflorum
Eriastrum diffusum (A. Gray) H. Mason
Occassional, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland on the southern end of the range. Inyo:
Black Canyon, 5500 ft, Duran 2681 (JEPS69063) Ueast side Westgard Pass, 5500 ft, V. Grant 9837
(RSA104318) USilver Canyon, 6600 ft, Mooney 273 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Unear Antelope
Springs, Morefield 1977 (RSA327718) UGilbert Pass, Dedekcer 4086 (RSA619422). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Eriastrum eremicum (Jepson) H. Mason ssp. eremicum
Frequent, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
0.8 mi above mouth Milner Canyon, 5850 ft, Morefield 3711 (UC1545539, RSA437137, UCR60022)
UMarble Creek mouth, Hammil Valley, 6620 ft, Morefield 4027 (UC1550062) Umouth Furnace Creek, 5580
ft, Morefield et al. 4421 (RSA437490) Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriastrum sparsiflorum (Eastw.) H. Mason
Common, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland on the southern end of the range. Inyo:
first canyon N of Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, Mooney 707 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWarm Spring,
W base Black Mountain, 4100 ft, Taylor 7164 (JEPS91143) UWyman Canyon, 5900 ft, Mitchell 2157
(UC1299922) UWestgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG58315, SBBG59334.2, SBBG58345); 4 mi W , 6400
ft, Lloyd 2709 (UC1299949). Mono: lower Cottonwood Creek, 6100 ft, Mitchell 2162 (UC1299924) Unear
mouth of Queen Dicks Canyon, 6080 ft, Morefield 3767 (UC1545381, RSA442905, UCR60061) Umouth
Marble Creek, 6620 ft, Morefield 4028 (UC1550063, RSA463774). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriastrum wilcoxii (Nelson) H. Mason
Common, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland on the southern end of the range Inyo:
Westgard Pass narrows, 7200 ft, P.C.Everett & P.K.Balls 21940 (UC1075605, RSA113038); D.D. Keck 537
(UC423616, POM193950) U7 mi W Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2664 (UC1299977); 1 mile E, P.A. Munz
13528 (RSA49132); several miles E, V.& A. Grant 9430 (RSA87957) Umouth of Mollie Gibson Canyon, 6960
ft, Lloyd 2959 (UC1300057) UDeep Springs Valley, 5600 ft, G. Helmkamp 2482 (RSA615437) UWuman
Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1690 (UC909122) UMarble Fork Black Canyon, 5600 ft, Duran 2681 (UC909148,
POM4293, SD3861) Unear Antelope Springs, Morefield 1930 (RSA327719). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Trail
Canyon, Duran 2351 (UC908098); Mineral: none.
Gilia Ruiz-Lopez and Pav.

References: V. & A.D. Grant. Aliso 2:239-316 (1950); 3:59-91 (1954); 4:435-481 (1960); A. Day. 1993. Novon 3:331-
340; J.M. Porter. 1997. Aliso 15:57-77; 1998, 17(23-46. Treaditionally treated as a polyphylletic genus (cf. IMF) now
divided into consitiutate genera (Porter & Johnson 2000. Aliso 19:55-91)
1. Pubescence of long, cob-webby hairs, particularly dense in leaf-axils forming white tufts; stems scapose,
leaves strictly basal (Sect. Arachnion)
2' Calyx and pedicles glandular (rarely also cobwebby); calyx ribs wider than membrane
................................................................................................................................................ G. brecciarum
2' Calyx and pedicles not glandular; calyx ribs narrower than membrane
3. Cauline leaves clasping or with an expanded base............................................................. G. sinuata
3' Cauline leaves narrowed to base
4. Calyx glandular
5' Corolla 11-16 mm long; stamens unequally exserted ................................................... G. cana
6. Corolla throat campanulate, tube < 2x calyx .....................................................ssp. triceps
6' Corolla throat conical, tube 2-4x calyx length ........................................... ssp. speciformis
5' Corolla 6-11 mm long; stamens equally exserted
7. Longest stamens exserted > mid-lobe of the corolla lobes
........................................................................................................................ G. inconspicua
7= Longest stamens exserted < mid lobe ................................................................... G. malior
4' Calyx glabrous or with non-glandular, cobwebby hairs
8. Stamens equal to or greater than corolla lobes; calyx membrane with few to many purple
spots
9. Basal leaves densely cobwebby; calys membrane usually stained or or only sportted with
purple .................................................................................................................. G. salticola
9' Basal leaves glabrous to very sparesely pubescent with a few cobwebby trichomes; calyx
membrane with bright purple spots ................................................................... G. aliquanta
8= Stamens < corolla lobes; calyx membrane not spotted
10. Corolla throat yellow or yellow spotted
11. Corolla 4-7 mm long, throat yellow spotted; calyx lobes short-acuminte
.......................................................................................................................... G. clokeyi
11=Corolla 7-12 mm long, throat yellow; calyx lobes long acuminate
.............................................................................................................. G. opthalmoides
10= Corolla throat blue in upper portion, yellow in lower half ............................... G. ochroleuca
1' Pubescence glandular or of short trichomes; stems with 1-2 leaves above the rosette or rosette not well
developed
11. Sepals fused at least to middle
12. Lower and middle cauline leaves toothed
13. Hairs on basal leaves translucent, straight or curved, glandular tipped; corolla without spots
......................................................................................................................................G. scopulorum
13= Hairs on basal leaves white and opache, sharply bent and non-glandular; corolla with purple spots
below each lobe .................................................................................................................. G. stellata
12= Lower and middle cauline leaves entire; plants glandular pubescent on stems and calyx in addition to
pedicles; upper leaves entire; basal leaves only in a basal rosette; pollen yellow or white; seeds not
gelatinous when wet (Alicella)
14. Perennial, corolla lobes dissimilar in color on upper vs lower surfaces .......................... A. latifolia
14= Annuals, corolla lobes similar in color on either surface
15. Corolla 3-7 mm long, the tube thin tube and well exserted from the calyx
16. Lower leaves bipinnate, corolla tube glandular-puberulent, the lobes with undulate margins
........................................................................................ Aliciella hutchinsifolia
16' Lower leaves pinnate or deeply pinnatifid; corolla tube glabrous, the lobe margins plane
17. Corolla throat wider than tube, exserted from the calyx .................. Alicella leptomeria
17' Corolla tube included in calyx, either narrow or expanded
18. Corolla 2-4 mm, throat expanded wider than tube but included; fruit spherical, gen
< calyx ....................................... Alicella micromeria - not documented in the Whites
18' Corolla 4-7 mm, throat slightly expanded, exserted from the tube; fruit ovoid, gen >
calyx .................................................................................... Aliciella lottiae
11' Sepals fused at base only or at most a-ways up; pollen yellow (Sect. Giliastrum)
19. Corolla yellow throughout ..................................................................................................... G. filiformis
19=Corolla lobes white, tube and throat yellow ...................................................................... G. inyoensis ‚
Gilia aliquanta A.D. Grant & V. Grant ssp. breviloba A.D. Grant & V. Grant
Occassional, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland on the southern end of the range.
Inyo: vicinity Westgard Pass, M. Laurence 136 (UCSB46864) Mono: Chiatovich Creek, 10500 ft, Mitchell
2096 (UC not found). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Gilia brecciarum M.E. Jones ssp. brecciarum
Occassional, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland throughout the range. Inyo:Black Mtn,
8400 ft, D.Powell 1257 (JEPS74325) USilver Canyon, 9200 ft, Mooney 748 (DS). Mono: none. Esmeralda:
Chiatovich Creek, Duran M5 (UC908168) Umouth Queen Canyon, Duran 3249a (UC). Mineral: none.
Gilia campanulata A. Gray
Occassional, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland throughout the range. Inyo:Deep
Spring Valley, C. A. Purpus 5828 (UC54710). Mono: 5 mi N Benton on Montgomery Pass Rd, A.Eastwood
&J.T.Howell 9438 (CAS). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: Montgomery Pass, 6950 ft, H.D.D.Ripley & R.
Barneby 3717 (CAS).
Gilia cana (M. E. Jones) A. Heller ssp. speciformis A. D. Grant & V. E. Grant
Occassional, sandy to gravelly open sites in desert scrub. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran 3447
Gilia cana (M.E. Jones) A.A. Heller ssp. triceps (Brand) A.D. Grant & V. Grant
Frequent, sandy to gravelly open sites in scrub, pinyon woodland throughout the range Inyo:Black Canyon,
5000 ft, Duran 2661 (UC908518, UC1297532); mouth, Morefield 2630 (RSA463655) U5.4 mi W of Westgard
Pass, 5900 ft, Lloyd 2683 (UC1299964), 7.4 mi W, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2646 (UC1299988) Uwestern mouth
Westgard Pass, I.L.Wiggins 8814 (UC652703, UC880038); V. & A. Grant 9483 (RSA104316); A. Day 124
(RSA340975); A. Eastwood & J.T. Howell 9595 (RSA26187) U2 mi E of Zurich, R.M. Straw 841 (RSA103885)
Unear mouth of dry drainage just e of Wyman Creek, 5800 ft, Morefield 3515 (UC1535073, RSA387587)
Unear Laws, A.A.Heller 8309 (UC162399, RSA31163, POM75053) USilver Canyon, L. Benson 5951
(POM280102). Mono: Coldwater Canyon near its mouth, 5610 ft, Morefield 3434 (UC1534860, RSA387712,
UCR47419) Umouth McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3608 (UC1545323, RSA442935, UCR59898) Umouth
Milner Creek, Duran 3237 (UC908261) UColdwater Canyon fan, 4300 ft, Dedecker 2089 (RSA629267).
Gilia clokeyi H. Mason
Uncommon, sandy to gravelly open sites in desert scrub. Inyo: Westgard Pass, V.&A.Grant 9836
(UC1080564, RSA118223), 21789 (RSA104280), 21797 (RSA104282) is our only record. Mono: none;
Gilia inconspicua (J.E. Smith) Sweet
Occassional, sandy to gravelly open sites below ca. 11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: near mouth
Wyman Creek, 5800 ft, Morefield 3516 (RSA387586). Mono: mouth Marble Creek, 6600 ft, Morefield 3752
(UCR60176). Esmeralda: 2 mi N Sugarloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15254 (UC). Mineral: none.
Gilia malior Day & V. Grant
Infrequent, sandy to gravelly open sites in the southern end of the range. Inyo: Black Mtn, 8400 ft, D.Powell
1248 (UC1437683) UE side Westgard Pass, 5500 ft, V. & A. Grant 9838 (RSA104283) U2 mi E of Zurich,
R.M. Straw 842 (RSA103886). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Gilia ochroleuca M E. Jones ssp. ochroleuca
Frequent, sandy to gravelly open sites in the southern half of the range. Inyo: just E of Wyman Creek, Deep
Springs Valley, 5800 ft, Morefield 3520 (UC1535077, RSA387583) Ubypass road for Wyman Canyon
narrows, 6650 ft, Morefield 3645 (UC1545378, RSA437014, UCR59886) UDeep Springs Valley, 6300 ft,
H.Mooney 693 (DS) UGilbert Pass, Dedekcer 4088 (RSA619420). Mono: mouth of Marble Creek, 5700 ft,
Morefield 3478 (UC1534812, UCR47828). Esmeralda:none; Mineral: none.
Gilia ophthalmoides Brand
Frequent, sandy to gravelly open sites below 10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass; narrows,
6200 ft, L.R.Heckard & M. Morris 4724 (JEPS82361); 7000 ft, V.&A.Grant 19675 (UC1080557); several miles
E, V.&A.Grant 9431 (RSA87958), 7200 ft, 19672 (RSA87955); 5500 ft, 21791 (RSA104281); 1 mi E, P.A.
Munz 13518 (RSA49142) U2 mi N Cedar Flat, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282631); M. Dedecker 1810
(RSA195934, RSA616046) UMollie Gibson Canyon, Dedecker 6486 (RSA627187) Umouth Payson Canyon,
I.L.Wiggins 8799 (UC652716, UC880064 in part). UMarble Canyon at Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2660a
(UC1297536, UC908228), Duran M6 (UC908229) U5.4 mi W Westgard Pass, Lloyd 2724 (UC1299936)
UCedar Flat, 8300 ft, Duran M1 (UC908118) Mono: mouth of Marble Creek, Hammil Valley, 6600 ft,
Morefield 3752 (UC1545561) UWhite Mountains, 9500 ft, Duran 1601 (UC908500, UC908501)
UCottonwood Canyon, 10000 ft, Duran 1581 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973), 1589 (UC908501).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, Duran M8 (UC908115) UB. & B. Mine, Duran 2711 (UC962102) - listed for
CA in UC database Umouth Pinchot Creek, Duran 3278 (UC). Mineral: none.
Gilia salticola Eastw.
Occassional, sandy to gravelly open sites in desert scrub, northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono:
none. Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill in sandy washes, Morefield 2810 (WMRS, Additions III). Mineral: none.
Gilia scopulorum M.E. Jones
Uncommon, sandy to gravelly open sites in desert scrub on the southern end of the range. Inyo:west side
Westgard Pass, 6000 ft, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9596 (CAS). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Gilia sinuata Benth.
Frequent, sandy to gravelly open sites below 10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: just W of Wyman Creek,
Deep Springs Valley, 5800 ft, Morefield 3516 (UC1535074) Umouth of canyon and in flat below Milner
Creek, Duran 3238 (UC908745) U7 mi N of Bishop, Owens Valley, Duran 1473 (UC908117) UWyman
Canyon, 7200 ft, Mitchell 2042 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UBlack Canyon, 5200 ft, Taylor 6844 (JEPS
backlog) UGilbert Pass, Dedecker 4087 (RSA619421). Mono: about 1.5 mi below mouth of Pellisier Creek,
5050 ft, Morefield 3458 (UC1534910, UCR47624), 3460 (UC1534912, UCR47626) Umouth of McAfee Creek,
Fishlake Valley drainage, 5850 ft, Morefield 3637 (UC1534910, UCR60030). Esmeralda: mouth of Pinchot
Creek, Duran 3277 (UC908119) Umouth of Queen Canyon, Duran 3249 (UC908160) UTrail Canyon, Duran
M4a (UC908757). Mineral: none.
Gilia stellata A.A. Heller
Frequent, sandy to gravelly open sites below 6000 ft in the southern half of the range. Inyo: Marble
Canyon at Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2660b (UC1297535, UC908260); Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran M2
(UC908239) Uwest side Westgard Pass, 6000 ft, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell s.n. (RSA26201) Ujust e of
Wyman Creek, Deep Springs Valley, 5800 ft, Morefield 3522 (UC1535080, RSA387450) , 3552 (RSA387450)
Ucanyon ESE of Laws, 5650 ft, Morefield 3393 (UC1535105, UCR47406). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Gymnosteris Greene
Gymnosteris parvula A.A. Heller –
Infrequent and colonial in moist meadow or alpine sites, above 10000 ft in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: Reed Flat, 10300 ft, Duran M16 (UC709728), Taylor et al. 15291 (JEPS101632). Mono: Big Prospector
Meadow, 10300 ft, W.L.Jepson 7309 (JEPS13819), S.L. Timbrook 761 (SBBG55552) Uheadwaters
Cottoowood Creek, 12000 ft, Dedecker 2221 (RSA616574) UBarcroft Lab, 12300 ft, T. Spria 203 (JEPS85250)
Ubetween Campito Mountain and Sheep Mountain, 11000 ft, J.M.Tucker 3428 (UC1058580) UCampito
Meadow, 10800 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26118 (UC701728) UPiute Mountain, 11650 ft, Lloyd 3291
(UC1300258) Uheadwaters Milner Creek, 12400 ft, Taylor et al. 9151 (UC1540187) U1.6 mi NE Mt.
Barcroft, 12550 ft, Morefield & O.Pollak 4082 (UC1549871) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran 2813
(UC519624, UC709729) UColdwater Spring, 10000 ft, Duran s.n. (UC709726) M15 (UC709727)
Ipomopsis Michx.
Reference: V. Grant & D. Wilken. 1988. Bot. Gaz. 149:443-449.
1. Perennials with flowers white in a dense globose head, or annuals with the flowers clustered or axillary
2' Annuals
3' Leaves pinnately lobed, oblancelate, flowers terminal .................................................... I. polycladon ‚
3' Leaves entire or with a few teeth, linear to elliptic; flowers axillary ................................... I. depressa ‚
2' Perennials, flowers in dense globose heads ........................................................... I. congesta
4' Leaves pinnately lobed .................................................................................. I. congesta ssp. congesta
4' Leaves palmately lobed
5. Leaf lobes 5, stems 1-3 dm, not alpine................................................... I. congesta ssp. palmifrons
5' Leaf lobes 3, stems <1dm, alpine .............................................................. I. congesta ssp. montana
1' Biennials with flowers light pink to reddish in a secund, elongate spike-like raceme
6. Flowers light pink, 25-45 mm long; calyx long-tapered, the lobes pubescent
.................................................................................................... I. tenuituba - not documented in the Whites
6' Flowers bright red, 20-30 mm long, calyx lobes deltate to acuminate, sparsely tomentose
.................................................................................................... I. aggregata -not documented in the Whites
Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V. Grant ssp. congesta
Our only report is Mono: Crooked Creek rd, 9800 ft, Morefield 1758 (Additions II).
Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V. Grant ssp. montana (Nelson & Kenn.) V. Grant
Frequent in sparse sagebrush, subalpine forest, alpine. Inyo: 3 mi up Mollie Gibson Canyon, 7950 ft, Lloyd
2939 (UC1300071). Mono: vicinity Crooked Creek lab, 10250 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8069 (JEPS28196),
10120 ft, 8040 (JEPS28150); J.L. Pawek 10 (UC1097560); E.R. Blakley 3592 (SBBG12064) UE base Sheep
Mtn, 10900 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8194 (JEPS29061) UMcAfee Meadow, 12000 ft, Duran 558 (UC439816,
JEPS69742, UCR66528) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC908958) Uvicinity Crooked Creek cave,
10100 ft, Lloyd 3100 (UC1311743), 3199 (UC1311768) UPatriarch Grove, C.W. Sharsmith 9167
(SJSU14545) UCampito Meadow, 10500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7258 (JEPS69738), 11000 ft, 7282 (JEPS69737);
Dedecker 1239 (RSA621819). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V. Grant ssp. palmifrons (Brand) Day - White Globes.
Infrequent on hydrothermally altered or clay rich substrata, below 10500 ft on the northern part of the
range Inyo: none; Mono: none; Esmeralda: none. Mineral: clay slopes near Sugarloaf, 8630 ft, Morefield
3986 (WMRS, Additions IV).
Ipomopsis depressa (M. E. Jones ex A. Gray) V. E. Grant
Uncommon in desert scrub on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: western base Black Mtn, 4000 ft,
Morefield 3585 (UC1545300) U1.7 mi NE Antelope Springs, 5380 ft, Morefield 2147 (UC1550036,
RSA466235) USilver Canyon, 4500 ft, Duran 3464 (UC908123) Mono: Shealy (12 mi N Laws), Duran 3234
(UC907839) Udirectly below old Deveronis Ranch, Pierson 12462 (UC599261) Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Ipomopsis polycladon (Torrey) V. Grant
Uncommon in desert scrub on the lower flanks of the range. ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: near Antelope
Springs, Morefield 1903 (RSA463577). Mono: mouth of McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3604 (UC1545319,
RSA442939, UCR59904) Unear mouth of Marble Creek, 5810 ft, Morefield 3771 (UC1545385, RSA442901,
UCR60064) Umouth of Milner Creek, 5500 ft, Duran 3240 (UC908674) Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 7000 ft,
Duran s.n. (POM). Mineral: none.
Langlosia Greene
Langloisia setosissima (Torrey & A. Gray) Greene ssp. punctata (Cov.) S. Timbrook
Frequent in desert scrub, pinyon woodland on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: 8.5 mi W Westgard Pass,
6400 ft, Lloyd 2635 (UC1299856) U E side Westgard Pass, 5500 ft, V. & A. Grant 21788 (RSA104317) Unear
Antelope Springs, Morefield 1876 (RSA463882) USilver Canyon, 4500 ft, Lloyd 2850 (UC1300118); 5600 ft, Mitchell
2742 (UC1333273);5850 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 4265 (UC908564); 4240 ft, Morefield 3682 (UC1545579,
RSA437155, UCR60076); A.A.Heller 8308 (UC162453) UBlack Canyon, V. Duran s.n. (RSA4177). Mono: Copper
Queen Mine, 5300 ft, Morefield 3712 (UC1545540). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Leptodactylon Hook. &. Arn.

Leptodactylon pungens (Torrey) Rydb.
Common, rocky sites throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, Duran 2780 (UC909109) Useveral miles N
of Schulman Grove, C.N.Smith 1249 (JEPS39961) Usummit trail from Silver Canyon to Big Prospector
Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7246 (JEPS69849) USilver Canyon, 8700 ft, Lloyd 2848 (UC1300110)
UPellisier Flats 1 mi S of Mt. Dubois, 12900 ft, Mitchell 2175 (UC1300290) UWyman Creek, Duran 1744
(UC909152); narrows of drainage NE of, 5950 ft, Morefield 3550 (UC1534900) Unear Grandview, P.C.
Everett & E.K. Balls 21915 (RSA113033) UWestgard Pass, B.C. Templeton s.n. (RSA468513) UReed Flat, P.A.
Munz 21034 (RSA113214). Mono: White Mountians, 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 667 (UC133830); K. & M. Heil
8467 (SJNM19332) Unear Barcroft Lab, 12500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8109 (JEPS28241); S.F.Cook s.n. in
1951 (UC1318271); 12500 ft, J.M.Tucker 2269 (UC984767) Unear Crooked Creek lab, 10500 ft, E. R.Blakley
& K.K.Muller 3566 (JEPS32958, SBBG12054, UCSB27798); S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951 (UC1282643); Lloyd 3079
(UC1311791) Uupper Cottonwood Creek, Duran 2604 (UC909153) Umouth of Marble Creek, 6500 ft,
Morefield 3757 (UC1545537, UCR60162). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral:
none.
Loeseliastrum (Brand) Timbrook

1' Corolla 8-15 mm long, upper lip generally 1/2 to 3/4 as long as tube; longest stamens < upper lip
............................................................................................................................................................ L. schottii
1' Corolla 11-21 mm long, upper lip generally 3/4 to equal tube; longest stamens > upper lip
...................................................................................................................................................... L. matthewsii
Loeseliastrum matthewsii (A. Gray) S. Timbrook - Desert Calico
Inyo: Bishop, A.Nordyke s.n. in 1917 (JEPS69142) is a proximal station, suggesting occurrence on our W
flank.
Loeseliastrum schottii (Torrey) S. Timbrook
Frequent in desert scrub, pinyon woodland on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, V. Grant
9840 (RSA104298) UDeep Spring Valley, C.A.Purpus 5824 (UC124093) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4150 ft,
Morefield 3309 (UC1535147, RSA387829) Umouth of McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3605 (UC1545320)
Ujust n.e. of Wyman Canyon, 5650 ft, Morefield et al. 4438 (UC1545437, RSA437273) Ujust S mouth Milner
Creek, 5300 ft, Morefield 3713 (UC1545541) USilver Canyon, L. Benson 5955 (POM279154). Mono: none;
Linanthastrum Ewan
Reference: R. Paterson. 1977. Madroño 24(1):36-48. (as Linanthus Sect. Siphonella)
1. Leaves 5-lobed; corolla tube length > calyx length
not documented ....................................................................................................................... L. pachyphyllus
1' Leaves 3-lobed; corolla tube < calyx .................................................................................................. L. nuttallii
Linanthastrum nuttallii (A. Gray) Ewan ssp. pubescens (R. Patterson) Croq.
Frequent, mesic settings in pinyon woodland, and subalpine forest to alpine, above ca. 8000 ft throughout
the range. Inyo: Schulman Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4292 (UCR121972), D. Wilken et al. 4821 (UCSB25910);
several miles N of, C.N.Smith 1252 (JEPS39960) Usummit trail from Silver Canyon to Big Prospector
Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7234 (JEPS58514) UReed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21034 (UC1075827);
J.&L. Roos 5093 (RSA71787) UWyman Canyon, 9400 ft, Lloyd 2813 (UC1300006), 8750 ft, 2804
(UC1300013); 7100 ft, Dedecker 4272 (RSA619182) Ujunction White Mtn Rd and Silver Canyon Rd, 10000
ft, R.Patterson 1009 (UC1415277), 1013 (UCSB28998), Dedecker 6130 (RSA626433) USilver Canyon, 10000
ft, Duran 1519 (UC909110) U2.5 mi below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 7600 ft, Duran 3048
(UC909137, POM219708) Unear Grandview, P.C. Everett & E.K. Balls 21925 (RSA113035) Uhead Wyman
Canyon, R.S. Ferris 6919 (RSA172686); G.K. Helmkamp 4306 (UCR121949); 8000 ft, G. Willett s.n.
(RSA364653); 9000 ft, I. Tidestrom 9879 (POM146398). Mono: near Crooked Creek lab, 10500 ft, E.
R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3565 (JEPS32949, SBBG11964, UCSB27828); J.M.Tucker 2225 (UC984782,
UTC83661); D.E. Breedlove 1018 (UCSB14730), 1039 (UCSB15272); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26136
(UC701732, UTC68066); R. Bacigalupi et al. 8045 (JEPS28155) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3078
(UC1311792) UPoison Creek, 9700 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1709 (UC1282192) UPatriarch Grove, C.W. Sharsmith
7863 (SJSU6181), 7987 (SJSU6354) 9169 (SJSU14547) UCampito Meadow, P.K. Holmgren 6243
(UTC149178) UBarcroft gate, 11700 ft, K.&M. Heil 8469 (SJNM19334) Uvicinity Barcroft lab, 12300 ft,
Taylor 5206 (UC1735971) Uoverlooking South Fork of Chiatovitch Creek, Pellisier Flats, 12500 ft, Lloyd
Linanthus Benth.
1. Perennial ............................................................................................................... see Linanthastrum (above)
1' Annual
2. Flowers yellow ..............................................................................................................Leptosiphon aureus
2' Flowers various shades of white to blueish
3. Flowers sessile
4. Flowers verspertine, opening in evening (Sect. Linanthus)
5. Calyx usually glabrous (or with a few sparse trichomes), plants 1-3 dm tall
..................................................................................................................................... L. bigelovii
5' Calyx stipitate-glandular; plants < 1 dm tall........................................................... L. dichotomus
4' Flowers open most of the day (Sect. Dactylophyllum) ...................................................... L. parryae
3' Flowers on long pedicles
6. Flowers small and not much longer than calyx; corolla tube and filaments glabrous
...........................................................................................................................Leptosiphon harknessii
6' Flowers 12-times longer than calyx; either filament bases pubescent or with a ring of hairs at the
attachment of the filaments ................................................................... Leptosiphon septentrionalis
Linanthus bigelovii (A. Gray) Greene
Frequent, desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland throughout the range. Inyo:canyon near Poleta Mine,
5800 ft, Morefield 3388 (UC1535104) Uwestern base Black Mountain, 4100 ft, Morefield 3308 (UC1535146)
UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2725 (UC588166, UC908091) Unear Antelope Springs, Morefield 3601
(RSA442942). Mono: Rock Creek drainage, 5080 ft, Morefield 3471 (UC1534879, UCR47764) Uabout 1.5 mi
below mouth of Pellisier Creek, 5050 ft, Morefield 3463 (UC1534915). Esmeralda: none; Mineral County:
none.
Linanthus dichotomus Bentham
Frequent, desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland throughout the range. Inyo:western base Black
Mountain, 4300 ft, Morefield 3343 (UC1535175, RSA387799) UCedar Flat, 7000 ft, Duran 3288 (UC908093).
Mono: mouth of Rock Creek, 5570 ft, Morefield 3503 (UC1535062, UCR48248) Umouth of Marble Creek,
Hammil Valley, Morefield 3756 (UC1545536, UCR60204) U2 mi S of Benton Station, Duran 3243
(UC909044) Umouth Pellisier Creek, Morefield 3463 (UC1534915, UCR48331). Esmeralda: none; Mineral
County: none.
Linanthus filiformis (Parry ex A. Gray) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson
Uncommon, sandy to gravelly open sites in desert scrub on the southern end of the range. [syn. Gilia
filiformis A. Gray Inyo: N wall Coldwater Canyon near its mouth, 5000 ft, Morefield
3432 (UC1534858, UCR47417) UWarm Spring, western base Black Mtn, 4300 ft, Morefield 3655
(UC1535046, RSA387458) UTollhouse Springs, A. Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9593 (CAS) UMarble Fork Black
Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2731 (UC908084) USilver Canyon, 4500 ft, Duran 3463 (UC907805) Umouth
Payson Canyon, M. Dedecker 1756 (RSA615619, RSA196094). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral
County: none.
Linanthus inyoensis (I. M. Johnst.) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson
Uncommon, subalkaline substrates on the lower flanks of the range below 8000 ft. [syn. Gilia inyoensis I. M.
Johnston ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: floor of Owens Valley at Klondike Lake, 4000 ft, Taylor 6998 (JEPS
backlog) is a proximal voucher. Mono: granitic alluvium, northwestern margin of the range, Morefield 3794
(Additions IV). Esmeralda: Pinyon Hill, 7500 ft, Duran 2742 (UC9086730). Mineral: none.
Linanthus parryae (A. Gray) Greene
Frequent in wet years, desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
2 mi South of Benton Station, Duran 3242 (UC519615, UC909156). Esmeralda: none; Mineral County:
none.
Leptosiphon Benth.
1. Flowers yellow ...................................................................................................................Leptosiphon aureus
1' Flowers various shades of white to blueish
2. Flowers small and not much longer than calyx; corolla tube and filaments glabrous
...........................................................................................................................Leptosiphon harknessii
2' Flowers 12-times longer than calyx; either filament bases pubescent or with a ring of hairs at the
attachment of the filaments ............................................................................. Leptosiphon septentrionalis
Leptosiphon aureus (Nuttall) Bentham ex E. Vilm. ssp. aureus
Frequent in wet years, flanking valleys on the southern end of the range. [syn. Linanthus aureus (Nuttall)
Greene]. Inyo: near Laws, A.A.Heller 8199 (UC162457) UBishop, A.Nordyke s.n. in 1917 (JEPS58197) U7
mi S Bishop, V. Duran 1474 (UC909155) are proximal stations on our lower western flank.
Leptosiphon harknessii (Curran) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson
[syn. Linanthus harknessii (Curran) Greene] Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: near Pinyon Hill, Duran
2756 (UC971788). Mineral: none.
Leptosiphon septentrionalis (H. Mason) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson
Infrequent, desert scrub and lower pinyon woodland throughout the range. [syn. Linanthus septentrionalis H.
Mason] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 8850 ft, H.Mooney 309 (DS). Mono: none. Esmeralda: 2 miles North of
Sugarloaf Mountain, 8350 ft, Taylor 15273 (UC). Mineral: none.
Navarretia Ruiz & Pav.

Navarretia breweri (A. Gray) Greene
Scattered, vernally wet heavy soils throughout the range. Inyo: Reed Flat, 10000 ft, Duran 1925A
(UC909046) Uhead of Silver Canyon, 10450 ft, H.Mooney 854 (DS) Uhead Wyman Canyon, J.&L. Roos 5855
(RSA71738. UCR19165). Mono: near Big Prospector Meadow, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7346 (JEPS70243)
Ueast slope Sheep Mtn, 11000 ft, J.&L.Roos 5166 (UC1010197) UCampito Meadow, 10600 ft, Lloyd 3172
(UC1300190); G.K. Helmkamp 4332 (UCR134456); Dedekcer 5473 (RSA625428). Esmeralda: ca. 3 mi S
Montgomery Pass; along road from the summit of the pass to Surgaloaf, 8400 ft, Taylor 15278 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Phlox L.
1. Cushion plants or mat-forming plants <5 cm tall; montane to alpine
2. Very dense cushion plants <2 dm across, the individual shoots erect and very tightly packed; leaves 2-6
mm long; corolla tube 6-10 mm long; calyx pubescence mixed with short glandular and long silky
trichomes; alpine .....................................................................................................................P. condensata
2' Mat forming plants or forming a loose cushion, the largest plants forming patches 30-50 cm across; leaves
5-15 mm long; corolla tube 9-20 mm, montane to alpine; calyx pubescence of single trichome type
3. Calyx with non glandular hairs (often covering and obscuring the intercostal membrane); plants
diffusely spreading
4. Leaves 5-10 mm, pubescent to the tip; the tip minutely spinose
......................................................................................................................... P. hoodii
4’ Leaves 10-15 mm, thinly tomentose, not pungent............................................... P. diffusa
3' Calyx with glandular hairs
5' Plants glandular only on calyx; cushion like, not spreading; azonal or alpine ................. P. pulvinatia
5' Plants glandular throughout not documented .................................................................. P. douglasii
1' Erect plants 10-50 cm tall; lower montane or lower; several anthers reaching the corolla throat;
stigmas<<style .............................................................................................................................. P. stansburyi
Phlox condensata (A. Gray) E. Nelson
Frequent component of the alpine, often in dense stable turf-lichen dominated sites. [syn. Phlox douglasii
Hook. ssp. rigida (Benth.) Wherry; P. caespitosa Nuttall, misapplied] Inyo: Black Canyon, F.V. Coville 1801
(lectotype US47971, isolectotypes GH91467, NY336990 of P. covillei E.E. Nelson, a synonym] Uvicinity Sierra
View, 10100 ft, P.A. Munz 13546 (RSA49570) UReed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A. Munz 21011 (RSA115996). Mono:
Patriarch Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4313 (UCR121752) U0.75 mi above McAfee Meadow, 12500 ft, R.Bacigalupi
et al.8100 (JEPS28232); 11700 ft, Lloyd 3027 (UC1300228) Uhead Cottonwood Creek watershed, Duran M9
(UC909082) Uvicinity Crooked Creek lab, K.K. Muller 1056 (SBBG45361) Unear Barcroft lab, 12700 ft,
J.M.Tucker 3432 (UC1087510) Uvicinity Sheep Mtn, 12300 ft, W.L.Jepson 7325 (JEPS69934); 12000 ft,
P.Kamb 1242 (UC1178463); G.D. Barbe 1689 (UCR159977) UMcAfee Meadow, 12000 ft, Duran 1674
(UC909149) UWhite Mtn Peak, A.C.Shelton s.n. (JEPS69935, UC1602183); 13500 ft, Lloyd 3250
(UC1300154); 13100 ft, D. Trydall 6391 (RSA627152, UCR124274); K. & M. Heil 8482 (SJNM19347).
Phlox diffusa Bentham
Lloyd & Mitchell cite: Mineral County, road to Tip Top Mine, V. Grant 9617 (RSA) as a record; Cronquist et
al. (1984) also saw no material from the vicinity.
Phlox hoodii Richardson ssp. canescens (Torrey & A. Gray) Wherry
Scattered and colonial on azonal (cf. hydrothermally altered volcanics) substrata in sagebrush or pinyon
woodland. Inyo: none. Mono: road from Crooked Creek to Cottonwood Canyon, 10000 ft, J.M.Tucker 3422
(UC1087511) UCrooked Creek, end of road s of old ranger station, 9800 ft, Lloyd 2875 (UC1300129).
Phlox pulvinata (Wherry) Cronquist
Frequent component of the alpine, rarely on azonal sites at low elevation in sagebrush or pinyon woodland.
Inyo: head Wyman Canyon, G. Willett s.n. (RSA468388). Mono: White Mtn Peak, 13100 ft, S.F. Cook s.n.
(UC1282644) UN of Barcroft lab, 13500 ft, K.K. Muller 1065 (SBBG14857). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Phlox stansburyi (Torrey) A.A. Heller
Frequent in shrub communities or as understory in woodland, throughout the range. [syn. Phlox viridis E.
E. Nelson ssp. compacta (Brand) Wherry] Inyo: Westgard Pass, 7000 ft, P.A.Munz 13503 (UC809739,
RSA113034); A. Massero 119 (UCSB23860), R. Wong 41 (UCSB49600), J.W. Hopkins s.n. (SBBG58223), R.
Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG58233), C.N. Smith 1380 (JEPS48132), R.G. Swinney 607 (UCR61173). S.J. Bouscaren
33 (UCR43290); E.C. Jaeger s.n. (UCR20631); 5.4 mi W , 5900 ft, Lloyd 2681 (UC1299966); 3.4 mi W, 6450
ft, 2734 (UC1300309); 2 mi W, J. Turner 1320 (RSA271694) UCedar Flat, 7800 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951
(UC1282600), V&A. Grant 9429 (RSA87956) UWestgard Pass Road above narrows, 6800 ft, 2755
(UC1300038); 5800 ft, Duran 3550 (UC909124); 6500 ft, R.S.Ferris & R.Bacigalupi 8054 (UC499801,
RSA8295, POM282370); narrows, P.C.Everett &E.K.Balls 21936 (RSA113036) UReed Flat, 8500 ft, J.&L.Roos
5838 (UC1010207), 5837 (RSA74571); P.A. Munz 21006 (RSA115991) UWhite Mtn. rd 8.5 mi N Westgard
Pass, 9800 ft, P.C.Everett &E.K.Balls 21931 (UC1075607, RSA113034) USierra View, R.F. Thorne et al. 38681
(RSA280101) USchulman Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4286 (UCR134482) UBlack Canyon, 5000 ft, Duran 2631
(UC908097, UC1297539) UWhite Mtn Rd, 8100 ft, Mitchell 2390 (UC1299859) Unear Batchelder Spring,
D.D. Keck 520 (POM194065) USilver Canyon, 8700 ft, Lloyd 2845 (UC1300112) Udrainage NE Wyman
Creek, 6160 ft, Morefield & D.H.McCarty 3545 (UC1534895, RSA387472) UWyman Canyon, G. Willett 371
(RSA469945), Duran s.n. (UC1191206) Umouth Payson Canyon, I.L.Wiggins 8802 (UC652707) UWyman
Canyon 2 mi above Roberts Ranch, 8500 ft, Duran 1685 (UC908111) UMollie Gibson Mine Morefield 2054
(RSA463941) UGilbert Pass, P.A. Raven 12831 (RSA128221). Mono: Benton, W.H.Shockley 124
(JEPS69938) U1.4 mi W Poleta Mine, 5470 ft, Morefield 3386 (UC1535103). Esmeralda: Queen Canyon,
7800 ft, Mitchell 2750 (UC1333263). Mineral: none.
Polemonium L.
1. Inflorescence capitate; leaflets deeply 3-5 lobed. 2-4 mm long, appearing whorled; highest alpine.
............................................................................................................................................... P. chartaceum ‚
1' Inflorescence open, not head-like; leaflets entire, below the high alpine, pllants 5-10 dm tall;
wet sites ...................................................................................................................................... P. occidentale
Polemonium chartaceum H. Mason - White Mountain sky-pilot
Occassional in blocky talus and rock crevices in the alpine, on the highest summits of the range; slightly
removed to our north in the Sweetwater Mountains, but oddly and widely disjunct to high peaks in the
Klamath Ranges, NW Calif. ‚ CNPS List 1B.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: White Mtn Peak, 14000 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7383 (holotype JEPS2800); P.Kamb 1249 (UC1178613, JEPS26598); 14050 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al.
8177 (JEPS29046); 14100 ft, J.&L.Roos 5148 (UC1010190), Lloyd 3237 (UC1300138); summit, Mitchell 2221
(UC1299886); Morefield 4087 (UC1535103); E.R.Blakley &K.K.Muller 3606 (JEPS32947, SBBG12036,
UCSB28057); J.Grinnell s.n. (UC205997); 12800 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26068 (UC701725), 26076
(UC701735); Duran 11 (UC908469), 556 (UC439814)1669 (UC908368, UC908453), 2883 (UC908369), 3369
(UC909032); K. & M. Heil 8394 (SJNM19359) UPellisier Flats, 13500 ft, Mitchell 2197
(UC1549874).Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Polemonium occidentale Greene
Uncommon in wet mucky soils of meadows and riparian sites, below ca. 10000 ft on the northern end of the
range. [syn. P. caeruleum L. ssp. amygdalinum (Wheerey) Munz]. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda:
upper Trail Canyon, A. Pinzl 3545 (NSMC4278) UChiatovich Creek, Duran 2542 (UC908183). Mineral:
none.
POLYGALACEAE - Milkwort Family (PGL - 146)

Polygala L.
Polygala intermontana T. Wendt –
Rare in sterile rocky soils (or hydrothermally altered) on the northern end of the range below 10000 ft. [IMF -
P. acanthoclada A. Gray var. intricata Eastw., the proper name at the infrataxon level] ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚
Inyo;: none; Mono: Morris Creek canyon, 6600 ft, Morefield 3778 (RSA437264). UMarble Canyon, 10100 ft,
Morefield et al. 4132 (RSA359219). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC) Mineral: road to
Sugarloaf 3 mi S Montgomery Pass, 8400 ft, Taylor 15726 (UC).
POLYGONACEAE - Buckwheat Family (PLG - 78)

Reference: H. Haraldson. 1978. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 22(2):1-93.
L.-P. Ronse Decraene & J.R. Akeroyd. 1988. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98:321-371.
The traditional generic placement of many species in Polygonum sensu lato is unnatural: from a phylogenetic perspective -
the inflated genus Polygonum is polyphyletic. This treatment is consistent with the European perspective on this important
group of mountain plants.
Key to Genera
1. Flowers subtended by an involucre; stipules not obvious, nodes not enlarged
(Subfamily Eriogonidoideae)
2. Involucre bracts free
3' Shrubs ................................................................................................................................. Dedeckera ‚
3' Annuals............................................................................................................................... Goodmania ‚
2' Involucre bracts united
4. Involucre bracts spine tipped or with elongate, awn like teeth
5' Involucre funnelform, often flaring at base; awns 4-36; flowers 2-20 per involucre
............................................................................................................................................... Oxytheca
5. Involucre cylindric to campanulate; not flaing at base; awns 3-6; flowers 1-3 per involcure
6. Inflorescence bracts solitary; flowers 3 per involcure; awns at involucre base 3
.................................................................................................................................... Centrostegia
6= Inflorescence bracts 2-3 per node; flowers 1 per involcure
............................................................................................................... Chorizanthe spineflower
5' Involucre campanulate, the teeth capillary spines
4' Involucre bract teeth not awned, the teeth minute, rounded or simply acute
........................................................................................................................... Eriogonum buckwheat
1' Flowers not subtended by an involucre; stipules obvious and sheathing; nodes enlarged compared to
diameter of internodes (Subf. Polygonoideae; Polygonum sensu lato except 8')
7. Twining annual vines, 3 outer perianth lobes keeled to winged in fruit
................................................................................................................... Fallopia - not documented locally
7' Herbs; outer perianth lobes not winged
8. Perianth lobes 5
9. Filaments capillary; leaves petiolate
10. Stems unbranched; inflorescence a dense capitate head
not documented in the Whites ............................................................................................. Bistorta
10' Stems branching; inflorescence a branched panicle or elongate cylindric spike
11. Perianth fused 1/3 its length; inflorescence spike-like ............................................. Persicaria
11' Perianth free; inflorescence a branched panicle or flowers axillary
not documented in the Whites ............................................................................ Aconogonon
9' Filaments wider at base than tip; leaves " sessile ........................................................... Polygonum
8' Perianth lobes 4 or 6
10. Perianth lobes 4; leaves reniform ................................................................Oxyria mountain sorrel
10' Perianth lobes 6, leaves lanceolate to ovate .................................................................. Rumex dock
Centrostegia Benth.
Centrostegia thurberi Benth.
Occassional in sandy or gravelly sites in desert scrub in the southerly half of the range. Inyo: just e of
Wyman Creek, 5800 ft, Morefield 3524 (UC1535082, RSA387449, NY404083) Uwestern base Black
Mountain, 4000 ft, Morefield 3581 (UC1545316). Mono: Rock Creek drainage, 5700 ft, Morefield 3481
(UC1534815) Uabout 1.5 mi below mouth of Pellisier Creek, 5050 ft, Morefield 3457 (UC1534909,
NY404085). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chorizanthe R. Br. Spineflower

Reference: J.L. Reveal & C.B. Hardham. 1989. Phytologia 66(2):98-198.
(Subg. Amphites)
1. Involucre margins not membranous and colored; stems readily disarticulating at the nodes
(Sect. Fragile) ............................................................................................................................. C. brevicornu
2. Leaves linear ........................................................................................................................ var. brevicornu

2' Leaves oblanceolate linear .................................................................................................... var. spathulata
1' Involucre margins membranous and colored; stems not disarticulating at the nodes; involucre with 5 or fewer
lobes or ribs (Sect. Acanthogonon)
3. Involucre lobes 3; plants spiny ......................................................................................................... C. rigida
3' Involucre lobes 4 or 5; plants not spiny; perianth yellow .............................................................. C. watsonii
Chorizanthe brevicornu Torrey var. brevicornu
Infrequent in open desert scrub below ca. 6000 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo: 0.7 mi s of
mouth Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3681 (UC1545578, RSA437156, UCR60075) Umouth Wuman
Canyon, N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 13079 (NY718335). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chorizanthe brevicornu Torr. var. spathulata (Small ex Rydb.) C. L.Hitchc.
Frequent in desert scrub or open pinyon woodland below ca. 9500 ft throughout the range. Inyo:Marble
Fork Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2738 (UC1297191, RSA181850) UWestgard Pass, 7300 ft, Duran 2793
(UC1297192) U4 mi ese of Laws, 5650 ft, Morefield 3392 (UC1534835) ) USilver Canyon, L. Benson 5953
(POM279727) US mouth Silver Canyon, Morefield 3681 (RSA437156) Umouth Black Canyon, Morefield
2626 (RSA463653 Uwestern mouth Westgard Pass, I.L.Wiggins 8817 (UC652710); narrows, P.C. Everett &
E.K. Balls 21937 (RSA110442). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none. Mineral: 2 miles North of Sugarloaf
Mountain, 8350 ft, Taylor 15270 (UC).
Chorizanthe rigida (Torrey) Torrey & A. Gray
Frequent in desert scrub below ca. 6500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran 3454
(UC1297193, RSA181851); L. Benson 5496 (POM279733) U3.3 mi ese of Laws, 5100 ft, Morefield 3405
(UC1534833, RSA387520, UCR47455) Usouthwest base of Black Mountain, 4350 ft, Morefield 3593
(UC1545308, RSA442949, UCR59973). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Chorizanthe watsonii Torrey & A. Gray
Frequent in desert scrub below ca. 6500 ft in the southerly half of the range. Inyo: UWestgard Pass, V.
Duran s.n. (RSA4609), 517 (UC439775), R. Hoffmann s.n. (JEPS57777) Unear Tollhouse, Westgard Pass Rd,
C. Davidson 4298 (RSA392613) U1.5 mi below mouth Pellisier Creek near road, 5050 ft, Morefield 3456
(UC1534908, UCR47622, NY404216) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Morefield 3582 (UC1545317).
Mono: Birch Creek, 5300 ft, Duran M68 (UC297190). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Dedeckera Rev. & J. Howell

Dedeckera eurekensis Rev. & J. Howell - July Gold.
Rare, northerly facing talus and cliff bases in canyons on the southwestern solope of the range, below 6500
ft. ‚ CNPS List 1B.3 ‚ Inyo: canyon between Silver Canyon and Poleta Canyon, 4800 ft, K.Strohm 560
(UC1479639), Dedecker & K. Strohm 5073 (UC1481562, RSA619787); 5700 (RSA6252960; 4500 ft, G.F. Pratt
s.n. (RSA655491, UCR91543); 5100 ft, Taylor 7886 (UC1520577); J.L. Reveal 8456 (NY702187) UGunter
Canyon, 6000 ft, Dedecker 5596 (RSA626262), 5150 ft, Morefield 2124 (RSA327710). Mono: Coldwater
Canyon, J.F. Emmell s.n. (RSA507168); S. Junack 2264 (RSA395864), Morefield 2126 (NY404262), 2132
(NY404265), D. Weins et al. 5981 (NY404261). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriogonum Wild Buckwheat

Reference: J.L. Reveal. 1989. Phytologia 66(4):295-414. Eriogonum nudum has not been collected in the Whites.
1. Annual
2. Involucres subtended by bracts and mostly sessile, the tubes ribbed or strongly angled
(Subg. Oregonium)
3. Inflorescence with short side-branches each bearing a single involucre; meadow borders
........................................................................................................................................ E. ampullaceum
3' Inflorescences elongate and virgate; involucres sessile throughout
4. Involucres very small, < 1.5 mm long
5. Tepals glandular .............................................................................................................. E. baileyi
5' Tepals glabrous
6. Stems glabrous .............................................................................................. E. brachyanthum
6' Stems tomentose
7. Ends of branches strongly curving inward; plants densely branched; flowers yellow or red
......................................................................................................................... E. nidularuim
7' Ends of branches not curved inward; plants openly branched; flowers white or pale yellow
....................................................................................................... E. palmerianum
4' Involucres 2-5 mm long
2' Involucres pedunculate; the tubes not ribbed or angled (Subg. Ganysma)
8. Leaves strictly basal

9. Leaves glabrous
10. Tepals glabrous .............................................................................................. E. esmeraldense
10= Tepals pubescent .......................................................................................................... E. parishii
9' Leaves tomentose
11. Outer tepals cordate at base, the edges plane, not wavy
12. Flowers yellow; involucres erect .............................................................................. E. hookeri
12' Flowers white to reddish, deflexed
13. Inflorescences axes glandular ........................................................... E. brachypodium
13=Inflorescence axes not-glandular E. deflexum
14. Stems inflated; involucres turbinate, 2.5-3 mm long on peduncles 3-15 mm long
....................................................................................... E. deflexum var. baratum
14' Stems not inflated; involucres turbinate-campanulate, 1.5-2 mm long on peduncles
up to 5 mm long
15. Base of tepals strongly cordate ................................ E. deflexum var. deflexum
15' Base of tepals truncate only .................................. E. deflexum var. nevadense
11' Outer tepals obtuse to rounded base, the edges often with wavy-margins
16= Tepals minutely hairy
17= Involucre minutely glandular ............................................................................. E. pusillum
17= Involucre glabrous ............................................................................................ E. reniforme

16= Tepals glabrous ......................................................................................................... E. cernum
18. Peduncle evident, 2-20 mm long .............................................. E. cernuum var. cernuum
18' Peduncle very short, 0.2-2 mm .................................................. E. cernuum var. viminale
8' Cauline leaves present in nodes above the basal rosette
19. Leaves linear, with revolute margins ......................................................................... E. spergulinum
19' Leaves oblanceolate to ovate, with plane margins; stamens included in tepals; stems round
....................................................................................................................................... E. maculatum
1' Perennial
20' Perianth base not stipe-like at base, not jointed with pedicle (Subg. Eucycla) - note E. saxatile has a
very long, attenuate but not jointed perianth base
21. Cushion plants; dense and not very tall in relation to width
22. Inner and outer tepals different in width ....................................................................... E. ovalifolium
23. Flowers yellow ............................................................................. E. ovalifolium var. ovalifolium
23' Flowers cream to rose
24. Scapes >5-30 cm; involucre 4-6 mm, leaves > 1 cm
...................................................................................................... E. ovalifolium var. purpureum
24' Scapes 1-5 cm; involucre 5-7 mm long; leaves <1 cm long; high alpine
.......................................................................................................... E. ovalifolium var. nivale
22' Tepals uniform in width
25. Flowers in capitate head
26. Flowers yellow, sometimes ageing red
27. Involucres glandular pubescent
28. Involucre teeth uniformly 5, leaves elliptic, 10-25 mm long, 5-8 mm wide; not alpine
.......................................................................................................... E. beatleyae ‚
28' Involucre teeth variable within population, usually 6-8, rarely 5, leaves oblanceolate,
4-15 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide; alpine ..................................................... E. rosense
27' Involucres tomentose .................................................. E. ochrocephalum var. alexanderae
..................................................................... not documented, to be sought N end Whites
26' Flowers white
29= Peiranth and achenes long hairy ..................................................................... E shockleyi
29= Perianth and fruit glabrous ............................................................................... E. kennedyi
25' Flowers in an elongate raceme
30. Leaves "oblanceolate, ca. 1-5 cm long ................................................................... E. wrightii
30= Leaves broadly ovate to round
31. Basal leaves elliptic to oblong ................................................................... E.panimintense
31= Basal leaves boradly ovate to round ................................................................. E. rupinum
21' Erect perennials or definite upright shrubs with woody branches
32. Caudex perennials; inflorescence branches arising anew each year from the base
33. Flowers in a ball-like head or heads in a cymose inflorescence

34. Leaves large and lanceolate, 4-15 cm long, displayed erect
........................................................................ E. elatum - not documented in the Whites
34' Leaves ovate and smaller, 2-6 cm long, displayed horizontally often in a rosette
..................................................................... E. nudum - none documented in the Whites
35. Tepals and inflorescence pubescent
36= Tepals yellow ................................................................... E. nudum var. westonii
36' Tepals white................................................................. E. nudum var. pubiflorum
35' Tepals and, usually, inflorescence glabrous; inflorescences prostrate, alpine
......................................................................................... E. nudum var. scapigerum
33' Flowers in an open racemose inflorescence
36=Flowers with a very long, tapered but not jointed base ................................... E. saxitale
36' Flowers lacking a tapered base ................................................................ E. nummulare
32' Shrubs with upright woody branches
37. Leaves in fascicles, inflorescence with involucres clustered ...........................E. fasciculatum
37' Leaves not fasciculate, inflorescence of solitary involucres
38. Inflorescence branches unequal in size, one 2-as much larger in diameter than other
................................................................................................................. E. heermannii
39. Flowers 2.5-3 mm; colluvium but not strictly calcareous ....................... var. humilis
39= Flowers 1.532.5 mm; high fideity for calcareous substrata..................... var. argense
38' Inflorescence branches equal in size E. microthecium
40. Flowers yellow ................................................... E. microthecium var. ambiguum
40' Flowers white to pink; erect shrubs of dry slopes; leaves plant, little revolute
................................................................................ E. microthecium var. laxiflorum
20. Perianth base with an attenuated, stipe-like base, this bearing an expanded, joint-like abscision zone at the
junction with the pedicle (Subg. Oligogonum)
41. Shrubs; involucres subtended by 3 bracts ....................................................................... E. umbellatum
42. Inflorescence a strict umbel (without secondary bifuractions, thus NOT a compound umbel)
43. Flowers bright yellow
44. Prostrate, largely alpine .................................................................................... var. covillei
44' Erect subshrubs, below alpine .................................................................... var. nevadense
43= Flowers whiteish to red, or cream (pale) yellow
45. Flowers reddish to pink; leaves mostly reddish above ............................... var. versicolor
45= Flowers pale cream yellow; leaves green above .............................. var. dichrocephalum
42' Umbels with secondary branches, compound-umbellate
46. Flowers reddish to pink; leaves mostly reddish above ..................................... var. versicolor
46= Flowers yellow
47’ Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces................................................var. chlorothamnus
47’ Leaf blades thinly floccose at least abaxially ............................................. var. subaridum
41' Cushion plants, low mat like subshrubs, or rosette herbs
48. Rosette herbs the inflorescence scaopse or with a few feeble bracts
49= Inflorescence segments hollow and inflated just below nodes, the lower bifurcations to 1-3 cm
in diameter, the upper bifircations progressively smaller ........................................E. inflatum
49= Inflorescence segments not hollow nor inflated
50. Flower clusters on erect scapes ........................................................................... E. latens
50' Flower clusters prostrate, the inflorescence segments lying on the ground
............................................................................................................................... E. lobbii
48' Cushion plants
51. Pubescence of upper leaf surface shedding with age; inflorescence loose, not head-like;
plants dioecious ................................................. E. marifolium - not documented in the Whites
51' Pubescence of upper leaf surface persistent; dioecious or not; inflorescence distinctly
capitate
52= Inforescence axes glandular; flowers white to rose ......................................... E. graciipes
52= Inflorescence axes tomentose; flowers yellow
53. Inflorescence bractless; plants monoecious; dry ridges and desert
.........................................................................................................E. caespitosum
53' Inflorescence bracteate; plants dioecious; subalpine
.................................................................... E. incanum - not documented in the Whites
Eriogonum ampullaceum J. Howell
Infrequent in heavy soils on lower slopes flanking the range. ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: none. Mono:
lower end of the valley northeast Old Benton, Jack L.& James L. Reveal 546 (NY243198). Esmeralda: Sand
Spring, 5500 ft, Morefield 2497 (NY243174, cf. Additions III). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum baileyi S. Watson var. baileyi
Scattered in loose soils in desert scrub, pinyon woodland, often on the edges of dirt roads, below ca. 8000 ft.
Inyo:Westgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG61862, SBBG61863 ) UMarble Fork spring, Black Canyon,
7100 ft, Duran s.n. (UC1297284) UWyman Canyon, 6300 ft, Morefield 2524 (NY399610). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: 0.75 mile SW of Sugarloaf summit, 9300 ft, Morefield 4058 (NY242974) UN slope of Mustang
Mtn, 9300 ft, Morefield 4289 (NY242973) UPost Meadow, Indian Creek, W.A.Archer 7231 (NY243301, det.
J.C.Goodman 1941). Mineral: Montgomery Pass, 6950 ft, Morefield et al. 4254 (NY242998).
Eriogonum beatleyae Rev.
Rare on hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks in the northern end of the range, below 10000 ft This
occrrence is close to type material of this, but may prove to be related to E. ochrocephalum var. alexanderae,
awaiting more material of these taxa from the Mono region. ‚ CNPS List Reject List ‚ Mineral: Tip Top Mine
near Sugarloaf, on 40-degree west facing hydrothermally altered barren, 8550 ft, Taylor 15281 (NY813089).
Eriogonum brachyanthum Cov.
Scattered in loose soils in desert scrub, pinyon woodland, below ca. 8000 ft. in the northern end of the
range. Inyo: none. Mono: Highway 6 at NV border, N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 11035 (NY696185). Esmeralda:W
of Pinyon Hill summit along B&B Mine road, Fishlake Valley drainage, 6700 ft, Morefield 3093 (NY243278).
Mineral: none.
Eriogonum brachypodum Torrey & A. Gray
Common in loose soils in desert scrub, pinyon woodland, below ca. 10000 ft. throughout the range [syn. E.
deflexum ssp. parryi (A. Gray) S. Stokes]. Inyo: Black Canyon, 6000 ft, Duran 1755. (UC1199713) UCedar
Flat, 7600 ft, C.N.Smith 1259 (JEPS39956) UWestgard Pass, 6300 ft, L.R.Heckard et al. 2006 (JEPS57441);
P.A.Munz 12714 (NY243270); R.G. Swinney 714 (UCR60890); 6000 ft, P.H.Raven 6989 (NY282831); 7.4 mi W,
5000 ft, Lloyd 2652. (UC1299986), 2644 (UC1299989, NY280465); W base, R.S. Ferris s.n. (POM172614); A.
Eastwood & J.T. Howell s.n. (RSA26417) UBatchelder Spr, P.A. Munz 12705 (RSA39716) USilver Canyon,
4600 ft, Duran s.n. (UC1199711); 4500 ft, Lloyd 2851 (UC1300117); P.A.Munz 12714 (CAS, NY243270,
RSA39512); A.A.Heller s.n. (NY243267); 5500 ft, L. Benson 5948 (POM279915) Ucanyon 1.5 mile NW of
Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 2111 (NY243264). Mono: sandy saddle north of McAfee Creek, 5350 ft,
Morefield 3057 (UC1523909, UCR44099, NY243288) U0.5 mi up Milner Creek Canyon, 5900 ft, Morefield
3456 (NY243073), 3954 (UC1550016, NY243073). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriogonum cespitosum Nutt.
Common, dominanting azonal substrate patches, subapine and alpine, throughout the range. Inyo:
Westgard Pass, E.C. Twisslemann 15538 (RSA211996), R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG61911); G.R. Ballmer s.n.
(UCR38842) UWhite Mtn Rd, 9200 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8207 (JEPS29072) Usummit Trail from Siver Canyon
to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7242 (JEPS57053) Utop of Silver Canyon, 9750 ft, Lloyd
2855 (UC1300114, NY242758) U2 mi S of Cedar Flat, 7800 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282642); Cedar Flat, 7000
ft, Duran 3289 (UC1297171) UStudebaker Flat, 8000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1318272) UReed Flat, 10200 ft,
J.&L.Roos 5827 (NY242910) Unear Grandview, P.C. Everett & E.K. Balls 21907 (RSA112974, RSA109952);
C. Davidson 4306 (RSA393129); E.K. Balls 22412 (RSA125586) USierra View, Dedecker 6123 (RSA626426);
D. Smart 6 (UCD15263) UMollie Gibson Canyon north of the mines, 8300 ft, Morefield 2058 (NY242718)
UBlack Mtn road, 8100 ft, H.Mooney 387a (DS) . Mono: Station Peak, 10000 ft, Duran 1586 (UC1297237).
Esmeralda: none. Mineral: mouth Queen Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 3254 (NY242786, UC).
Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. var. cernuum
Common in desert scrub, pinyon woodland, gravelly subalpine forest openings, below ca. 10000 ft.
throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG61913) UWyman Canyon, Roberts
Ranch, Duran 1697 (UC1199710); 8600 ft, Dedecker 5501 (RSA625247); head of road, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3054
(UC1300245), 10060 ft, Morefield 2375 (NY242795, RSA346897); 10300 ft, G.K. Helmkamp 4309
(UCR121969). Mono: near Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, J.M.Tucker 2228 (UC978102); E.R. Blakley 3653
(SBBG12114); Dedecker 6639 (RSA627159); R. Bacigalupi et al. 8038 (JEPS28148). Esmeralda: UChiatovich
Creek, 8700 ft, Duran 3118 (NY242556, UC) UPoison Creek, W.L. Jepson 7375 (JEPS35762) UMcCloud
Camp, Duran s.n. (UC1199712) UN slope of Mustang Mtn, 9300 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4288 (NY242657)
UE. base of White Mts. along Davis Creek roadway, 7350 ft, A.Pinzl & B.Miller 7628 (NY242540). Mineral:
none.
Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. var. viminale (S. Stokes) Rev.
Uncommon and in similar habitats to the typical infrataxon. Inyo: Westgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n.
(SBBG65240), 573 (UCR111271) UWyman Canyon, 7900 ft, Taylor & G.L.Clifton 10053 (JEPS backlog).
Eriogonum deflexum Torrey var. baratum (Elmer) Rev
Common in desert scrub, pinyon woodland, below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass
Summit, 7350 ft, C.W.& D.Tilforth 2184 (NY280381, RSA293330); R. Hoffman s.n. (RSA393476) Uwest slope
Westgard Pass, 6000 ft, P.A.Munz 12706 (NY280380, RSA39715); J.W. Hopkins s.n. (SBBG65228)
UWestgard Pass narrows, 7000 ft, R.Bacigalupi & L.R.Heckard 8217 (JEPS29080); W. Wisra et al. 4455
(RSA525162) U4 mi N Westgard Pass, E.C. Jaeger s.n. (POM187948) UTollhouse Springs, J.Powell 531
(UC1311866) UMolly Gibson Canyon mine road, 6800 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1727 (UC1282185, NY280466)
UCedar Flat, 7500 ft, Duran 2882 (UC1297208) UGilbert Pass, R.G. Swinney 682 (UCR57521) USilver
Canyon, L. Benson 5954 (POM284698) UBlack Canyon, V. Duran s.n. (RSA4605). Mono: none. Esmeralda:
near Pinyon Hill, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum deflexum Torrey var. deflexum
Infrequent compared to var. baratum, similar habitat and distributon. Inyo: Westgard Pass, E.Jager s.n.
(DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Unear Poleta Mine, Morefield 2114 (RSA463954). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek 2 mi W of Kellogg Ranch, 5100 ft, A.Archer 7216 (UC, ARIZ, RENO, cited by
Reveal, Brittonia 20:23. 1968). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum deflexum Torrey var. nevadense Rev.
Infrequent compared to var. baratum, similar habitat in the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono:
none. Esmeralda: Mustang Mountain. just south of Mineral Benchmark, 10200 ft, Taylor 15252 (UC). Mineral:
Montgomery Pass, 6950 ft, Morefield et al. 4262 (NY280441).
Eriogonum esmeraldense S. Watson var. esmeraldense
Occassional in desert scrub communities, pinyon woodland, below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. ‚
CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: near Cedar Flat, R.F. Thorne et al. 38690 (RSA291854); Dedecker 2236
(RSA206025) UGrandview Campground, Dedecker 6032 (RSA627171) Uhead of Silver Canyon, 10300 ft,
H.Mooney 671 (DS) Unear Antelope Springs, Morefield 2354 (RSA463930). Mono: Crooked Creek Canyon
north of road, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3283 (UC1300255, NY280713) Ubottom of first unnamed drainage N of
Marble Creek, 7250 ft, Morefield et al. 4135 (NY280652). Esmeralda: near Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran 2750
(NY280681, UC) UW edge of Mustang Mtn, 10160 ft, Morefield 4053 (NY280682). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum fasciculatum Bentham var. polifolium (A. DC.) Torrey & A. Gray
Occassional minor component of desert scrub communities in rocky sites generally, below 6000 ft on the
southern end of the range. Inyo: 7.4 mi W of Westgard Pass Summit, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2658 (UC1299982)
UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5000 ft, Duran 3020 (UC1297234) Usecond ridge S of Silver Canyon,
5500 ft, H.Mooney 140 (DS) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 1717 (UC1297235); narrows
of Wyman Canyon, 6200 ft, Mitchell 2153 (UC1299919) Umouth of Birch Creek, 5480 ft, Morefield 1973
(NY280732) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4010 ft, Morefield 3729 (UC1545533, NY280706). Mono: none;
Eriogonum gracilipes S. Watson
Common on calcareous substrata, less frequent on quartzite, at or near timberline. Largely restriced to the
White Mountains, known only from a single outlier occurrence on marble in the cSNH just east of our area.
‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: Schulman Grove, 10000 ft, H.Mooney 394 (DS); G.K. Helmkamp 4297
(UCR121971) UCampito Meadow, 10500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7256 (JEPS56902) UReed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz
21014 (UC1075850, NY280805, RSA115998); J.L. Reveal 2796 (NY280804, RSA238649). Mono: White
Mtns, 13500 ft, W.H.Shockley 580 (holotype GH36352, isotypes JEPS47696); 12000 ft, Duran 2609B
(UC1297240); 12100 ft, Morefield 2414 (NY280836) USE slope Sheep Mtn, 12100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7232
(JEPS56903); 12000 ft, P.Kamb 1236 (UC1178457); 11700 ft, Dedecker 2198 (RSA616647), L. Janeway & B.
Castro 6957 (CHSC78689), 6959 (CHSC78687), 6960 (CHSC78688); 11500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282641);
11450 ft, Lloyd 3184 (UC1300141, NY280806); 11630 ft, Morefield 2305 (NY280802) Uhead South Fork
Cottonwood Creek, 11700 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26154 (UC701621, POM304035, NY280837);
confluence with Poison Creek, 9450 ft, Taylor 13041 (JEPS101967) Uridge above Cottonwood Creek, 12000
ft, Duran 1679 (UC1297213) UPatriarch Grove, N.&P.Holmgren 6234 (NY280801); G.K. Helmkamp 4317
(UCR121756); C.W. Sharsmith 7861 (SJSU6222); E.R. Blakley 3601 (SBBG12106) UEva Belle Mine rd, Taylor
5187 (DAV) Uabove Barcroft Lab, 12700 ft, H.Mooney 851 (DS) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3201
(UC1311767 UEnterprise Junction, 10300 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1318273) UPiute Mtn, 11400 ft, R.Bacigalupi
et al. 8153 (JEPS29023) UMcAfee Meadow, 11500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC1297283) UMontgomery-Marble Creek
divide, 11300 ft, Morefield et al. 4103 (UC1549879, NY280838) UPellisier Flats, 12900 ft, Mitchell 2179
Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. argense (M.E. Jones) Munz
Occassional shrub of rock crevices and outcrops below ca. 7500 ft in the southerly half of the range. Inyo:
Westgard Pass 0.5 mi W of summit, 7000 ft, P.A.Munz 12702 (NY280873, RSA39719); J.C.&L. Roos 5191
(NY280872) UWestgard Pass Rd, 6300 ft, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21956 (NY280895); near summit, R.S.
Ferris 6599 (RSA129298) Umouth Birch Creek, near Antelope Spring, 5900 ft, Morefield 2338 (NY280874),
2337 (NY280875) U1.2 mi below Forks of Silver Canyon, 6200 ft, C.B.Wolf 2599 (UC527260), Taylor 19507
(UC). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. humilius (S. Stokes) Reveal
Occassional shrub of rock crevices and outcrops below ca. 8500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard
Pass, 7300 ft, C.B.Wolf 1706 (UC484005, RSA7902); W. Wisra et al. s.n. (RSA525163); J.L. Reveal 893
(NY572617); R. Hoffmann s.n. (JEPS56880, SBBG62149, SBBG65519, SBBG65525) U8.8 mi NE Hwy 395 on
Westgard Pass Rd, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21956 (UC1075796, cf. NY280895 of var. argense) UW-side of
Westgard Pass below narrows, W. Wisura et al. 4456 (NY280883) UTollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 3330
(UC1300283) U1.6 mile N 45 W of Poleta Mine, unamed canyon, Owens Valley drainage, 4660 ft, Morefield
2115 (NY280751); first canyon South Poleta Canyon, Taylor 7887 (UC1520578); Dedecker 5075 (RSA619706)
U1.3 mi N Cedar Flat, 7600 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al.8029 (JEPS29073) Uupper end of Marble Fork of Black
Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2844 (UC1297210, RSA181995). Mono: Milner Creek canyon near its mouth, 6100
ft, Morefield 3948 (NY280759, UC1549905). Esmeralda: N end of Volcanic Hills, Pinchot Creek drainage,
5200 ft, A.Pinzl 7639 (NY280881). Mineral: Montgomery Pass, Morefield & et al. 4621 (NY280760).
Eriogonum hookeri S. Watson
Infrequent in washes and along roadsides in flanking valley bottoms. ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: none.
Mono: 18 mi S of Benton Station, Ain a dry baranca near slough@, 4500 ft, F.W.Pierson 12465 (UC599189,
RSA, both cited by Revel Brittonia 20:23. 1968). Esmeralda: wash of Sand Spring Canyon, 6200 ft,
Morefield 3095 (NY281081, cf Additions IV). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum inflatum Torrey & Fremont var. inflatum
Infrequent in washes, requent in desert scrub, and uncommonly in pinyon woodland throughout the range.
Inyo: 8.5 mi W of Westgard Pass, 4600 ft, Lloyd 2637 (UC1299996) USilver Canyon, K.Brandegee s.n. in
1913 (UC178367) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 520 (NY281333) Ufirst canyon N Poleta Canyon, J.L.
Reveal 8458 (NY702202) UDeep Springs Valley, 5530 ft, Morefield 1959 (NY281210). Mono: mouth of
Coldwater Canyon, 5000 ft, Morefield 3702 (UC1545599, UCR60040, NY281313) Unear Southern Bell
Mine, A.A.Heller 8333 (UC162443). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriogonum kennedyi S. Watson var. purpusii (Brandegee) Rev.
Uncommon, dominanting azonal substrate patches in pinyon woodland and desert scrub, throughout the
range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG64018) UCedar Flat, 7350 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg
2502 (UC667209) UWhite Mountains, Menzies s.n. (CAS). Mono: mouth Marble Creek, Hammil Valley, 6500
ft, Morefield 3774 (UC1545554, RSA443001. UCR60198, NY281479). Esmeralda: fan of Morris Creek,
6200 ft, Morefield 3918 (NY281480). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum latens Jepson
Occassional in rocky sites or talus cones in canyons, below timbenline generally, throughout the range. ‚
CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: Davis Creek, 10500 ft, Duran 3108 (UC1297204, NY281454)
USouth Fork Chiatovich Creek, 11000 ft, Mitchell 2268 (UC1299863) Ucanyon of N fork of Chiatovich
Creek, 9500 ft, Morefield et al. 4564 (RSA437646, NY281453) Uupper Middle Cr. drainage, 10100 ft,
Morefield et al. 4241 (NY281455). Esmeralda: ridge south of Queen Mine, 10500 ft, R.S.Ferris 6753
(DS151116, holotype of E. monticola S. Stokes, a synonym] UN slope of Mustang Mtn, 9600 ft, Morefield
Eriogonum lobbii Torrey & A. Gray var. lobbii
Unconnon on talus cones in canyons, near timbenline generally, throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Middle Creek headwaters, avalanche chute on southeast base of Montgonery Peak, 10800 ft, Taylor 8859
(RSA, cf. Additions IV). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, NE slope Boundary Peak, 10800ft, Morefield et al. 4667
Eriogonum maculatum A.A. Heller
Occassional in desert scrub communities, pinyon woodland, below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
base of the White Mountains east of Laws, A.A.Heller 8233 (isotype UC162439, NY323382, WTU79803,
WTU79804) UPayson Canyon, 6800 ft, H.Mooney 365 (DS), 5800 ft, Dedecker s.n. (RSA196104) USilver
Canyon, 6600 ft, H.Mooney 792 (DS) Uspring 0.7 mi. S of mouth of Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3683
(UC1545580, UCR60077, NY281720) Umouth Wyman Canyon, Taylor 7070 (UC1735846) UBlack Canyon,
Duran s.n. (POM179517). Mono: mouth of McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3603 (UC1545338, UCR59903,
NY281718) Umouth Furnace Creek, 5580 ft, Morefield 4415 (UC1545429, NY281719). Esmeralda: near
Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran M62 (UC) Umouth Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft, Duran 3270 (UC); Pinchot Canyon,
1.5 miles up the canyon toward Goldhit, J.L.Reveal 618 (NY281809) UVolcanic Hills at N end of Fish Lake
Valley, 5200 ft, B.Ertter 6281 (NY281713). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. ambiguum (M.E. Jones) Rev.
Infrequent in openings within woody vegetation, throughout the range. Inyo: White Mountains, C.A.Purpus
6424 (UC85673, NY282243). Mono: Chiatovich Flats, 10300 ft, Duran 2557 (UC1297209).
Esmeralda:Chiatovich Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 3113 (UC, NY282213) Uridge south of Queen Mine, 10500 ft,
R.S.Ferris 6754, 6764 (DS) UMiddle Creek, 7500 ft, E.C.Jaeger s.n. (POM) Unear B&B Mine road in Mustang
Canyon, 7040 ft, Morefield 3075 (NY282206). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hooker
Infrequent in openings within woody vegetation, throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 7900 ft,
Taylor 10055 (UC1576780). Mono: S wall Leidy Creek Canyon, 9400 ft, Morefield 4187 (UC1549996,
NY281592) UMontgomery Marble Creek divide, 11280 ft, Morefield et al. 4105 (NY281590). Esmeralda:
Eriogonum nidularium Cov.
Common in washes, bordering roads, desert scrub in wet years or after summer rains, throughout the
range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG64099); .4 mi W of 5000 ft, Lloyd 2656 (UC1299983)
UPayson Canyon, 5519 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1739 (UC not found) UBlack Canyon, 6000 ft, Duran 1755A
(UC), 2739 (UC519635) USilver Canyon, H.Mooney 208 (DS); A.A.Heller 8306 (NY283703) USilver Canyon
east of Laws, A.A.Heller 8306 (UC162392, NY283703) Ufirst canyon N Poleta Canyon, J.L. Reveal 8457
(NY702208). Mono: none. Esmeralda: along B&B Mine road just S of Mustang Canyon, 7250 ft, Morefield
Eriogonum nummulare M.E. Jones
Uncommon in sandy sites below ca. 8000 ft in the northern end of the range. [syn. E. kearneyi Tidestrom
var. monoense (S. Stokes) Reveal] Inyo: White Moutains, C.A. Purpus 6426 (US, cited by Reveal in Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973). Mono: sandy saddle on n side of McAfee Creek at its mouth, 5450 ft, Morefield 3056
(UC1523908, UCR44097, NY282261). Esmeralda: mouth of Chiatovich Creek, 6820 ft, Morlefield et al. 4591
(NY281831) UE base of White Mountains, along Davis Creek roadway, 7350 ft, A.Pinzl & B.Miller 7276
Eriogonum nutans Torrey & A. Gray var. nutans
Uncommon in sandy or gravelly sites on the northern end of the range. Esmeralda: head of Sugarloaf
Canyon, 8800 ft, Morefield 3795 (NY242767) is the only record.
Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. nivale (Canby) M.E. Jones [syn. var. depressum Blank]
Common, dominant or codominant of cushion plant communities at or above timberline throughout the
range. Inyo: SE rim Reed Flat, 10300 ft, J.&L.Roos 5833 (NY282410); P.A.Munz 21005 (NY282091) Unorth
slope County Line Hill, 10800 ft, Mitchell 2137 (UC1299797) Usummit trail from Silver Canyon to Big
Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7255 (JEPS56583), 7325 (JEPS56569). Mono: South Fork of
McAfee Creek, 12400 ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26093 (UC701620, NY282019) USagehen Flat, 10250 ft,
Lloyd 3157 (UC1300183) UPatriarch Grove, W.G. Abbott s.n. (SBBG65175, UCR111218) UCrooked Creek
lab, 10120 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8050 (JEPS28160) UCrooked Creek, 9400 ft, Duran 1550 (UC1297226)
UCampito Mountain, 11200 ft, H.Mooney 590 (DS); 10300 ft, W.L.Jepson 7321 (JEPS56573), 7297
(JEPS56586) UCampito Meadow, Dedecker 5477 (RSA625364, UCR119577) Unear Mt. Barcroft Lab, 12700
ft, Morefield 2389 (NY282403), H.Mooney 594 (DS), R.Bacigalupi et al. 8131 (JEPS29000), T.Spira 405
(JEPS85270), S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282640) USheep Mountain, 11900 ft, Mitchell 2134 (UC1299800,
NY282074); 11650 ft, W.L.Jepson 7405 (JEPS56571) Uvicinity Barcroft gate, K. Nelson 640 (UTC228922);
Dedecker 6020 (RSA627425, UCR113705) UBarcroft lab, C.W. Sharsmith 7851 (SJSU6189)l K. K. Muller
1068 (SBBG14716), 1069 (SBBG14872) Uridge NE of Tres Plumas Meadow, 10500 ft, Morefield 2225
(NY282402) UWhite Mtn Peak, 13000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1318274, UC1282605 listed as var. ovalifolium),
W.L.Jepson 7392 (JEPS56570); 13300 ft, W.L.Jepson 7393 (JEPS56572) 13400 ft, H.Mooney 514 (DS);
13500 ft, A.C.Shelton s.n. (UC412946); 12600 ft, K. & M. Heil 8473 (SJNM19338) UChiatovich Creek, 10000
ft, Mitchell 2086 (UC1299786, NY282594) USouth Fork Chiatovich Creek, 11000 ft, Mitchell 2268 (cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UMontgomery Marble Creek divide, 11330 ft, Morefield et al. 4122 (NY282417).
Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium
Common, openings in desert scrub, pinyon, sagebrush or subalpine forest communities, usually well below
timberline compared to var. nivale, throughout the range. Inyo:Westgard Pass; 3.8 m W, 6450 ft, Lloyd
2742 (UC1300043); G.R. Ballmer s.n. (UCR38771); J.Hopkins s.n. (SBBG65181); just W. E.C. Twisselamann
15338 (SBBG38590); east side, 7000 ft, W.Hovaitz s.n. (UC572183) U11.8 mi NE from Zurich, over
Westgard Pass to Deep Springs, 7200 ft, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21908 (UC1075622, NY282596)
UStudebaker Flat, 9500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282606) UPayson Canyon, Dedecker 2599 (RSA618598)
UWyman Canyon narrows, 6650 ft, Morefield 3647 (UC1545360, UCR59974) USilver Canyon, 10000 ft,
H.Mooney 228 (DS); 8000 ft, Duran 1514 (UC1297215). Mono: near Black Warrior Mine on fan SW of Morris
Creek, 6380 ft, Morefield 3781 (UC1545371, NY282570, NY282570) UWhite Mtn Peak, 12000 ft, Duran
2609A (NY282369). UMcAfee Meadow, 11500 ft, Duran s.n. (NY282371) USouth Fork McAfee Creek, B.
Maguire & A. Holmgren 26093 (NY282019). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 2702 (NY282460)
UQueen Canyon, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2761 (UC1333265); saddle at 9880 ft, Taylor 15249 (UC) Unorth of
Pinyon Hill, 7000 ft, Duran 2869 (UC). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum ovalifolium Nuttall var. purpureum (Nuttall) Durand
The non-yellow flowered var. purpureum is in our region also, based on: Inyo:near Wyman bypass road,
6650 ft, Morefield 3647 (NY282346) U1.1 mi W of Westgard Pass, D.W.McNeal 3092 (NY281990) U2 miles up
Mollie Gibson Canyon, Mitchell & Lloyd 1730 (UC1282181, NY282593) Mono: between Cottonwood and
Crooked Creeks, 12000 ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26033 (NY282364). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8000 ft,
Duran 2744 (UC, NY282370). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum palmerianum Rev.
Infrequent in pinyon or sagebrush sites at 7000-10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: canyon 1.5 mi NE
Poleta Mine, Morefield 2105 (NY282683) Uroad to Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, 3.8 miles north of
California Highway 168, J.L.Reveal 2801 (NY282671) UWyman Canyon, Dedecker 4026 (RSA619079).
Mono: near bottom of first unnamed drainage N of Marble Creek, 7250 ft, Morefield et al. 4136
(NY282610). Esmeralda: Queen Canyon near Morgan Mine, 8500 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4298
Eriogonum panamintense C. Morton
Uncommon in rocky sites in sagebrush, pinyon or mountain mahogany communities, in the southerly half of
the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass narrows, 6600 ft, S.A. Junack 2275 (SBBG81810); Dedecker 3347
(RSA624605) USierra View, 9000 ft, Dedecker 4197 (RSA624821) Uhead Payson Canyon, 7200 ft, Morefield
4368 (UC1549829) Unear stream in Silver Canyon at base of switchbacks, 7200 ft, Morefield 4346
(UC1550012, RSA466330) UMarble Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2981 (UC1297205). Mono: vicinity Sage Hen
Peak, 9400 ft, R. Bacigalupi et al 8083 (JEPS28211). ; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriogonum parishii S. Watson
Uncommon in well drained often nearly barren substrate patches, often on gruss, in the Whites documented
by Mono:
Eriogonum pusillum Torrey & A. Gray
Infrequnt in sandy or droughtly soils in desert scrub flanking the range. Inyo: W base of Black Mountain,
4150 ft, Morefield 3315 (NY282878) Uside canyon of Beer Creek, 5570 ft, Morefield 1967 (NY282903)
UPayson Canyon, at head of Deep Springs Valley, 5913 ft, Lloyd 2966 (NY282887) Uvicinity Oasis, C.N.
Smith 1377 (JEPS48105); Rt 168 S of Oasis, at milepost 53.50, 5500 ft, B.Ertter 6287 (NY282857). Mono: N
wall of McAfee Creek, ca 0.5 mi above it's mouth, 5700 ft, Morefield 3621 (UC1545356, UCR59964,
NY282870). Esmeralda: flats SE of Pinchot Creek mouth, 6450 ft, Morefield 4645 (NY282869) Unorth of
Pinyon Hill, Duran 2871 (UC). Mineral: east side Montgomery Pass, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9532 (UC).
Eriogonum reniforme Torrey & Fremont
Uncommon in sandy soils in desert scrub flanking the range. Inyo: base of the White Mountains east of
Laws, A.A.Heller 8234 (UC162497, NY280015). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriogonum rosense Nelson & Kenn.
Scattered and often mixed in occurrences of E. ovalifolium, usually on mobile scree slopes; the specimens
cited in Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) as this are E. gracilipes. ‚ CNPS Reject List ‚ Inyo: Schulman Grove,
G.A. Gorelick s.n. (RSA273162). Mono: none. Esmeralda: near head of Sugarloaf Canyon, 8820 ft, Morefield
4266 (NY280026), Morefield 3978 (NY280025) Uridge 1 mile NE of Trail Canyon Saddle; just north of
Boundary Peak, 11000 ft, Taylor 15282b (UC). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum rupinum Rev. – Wyman Canyon buckwheat
Scattered in rocky sites in canyons on the southern half of the range. Inyo: 10 miles up Wyman Canyon,
B.Magurie & A.Holmgren 26031 (paratypes NA, US, UTC, UC701862, NY762348, cited by Reveal Aliso 7:227.
1970.); narrows, Dedecker 4207 (RSA619077), 4205 (RSA619080) UStudebaker Hill, 9500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n.
(UC1282607) USierra View, 9600 ft, M.DeDecker 4204 (UC1434061, RSA619081). Mono: Cottonwood
Creek, 8500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC1297206). 9200 ft, Lloyd 3302 (UC1300266) Ujeep road to Moulas Mine,
Piute Creek, 9400 ft, Taylor 8583 (UC1520639) Us wall of Leidy Creek canyon, 9400 ft, Morefield 4186
Eriogonum saxatile S. Watson
The specimens cited in Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) as this taxon are E. rupinum. Documented from the Inyo
Mountains to our south, this buckwheat is known also from mountains east of the Whites. A single
specimen W.H.Shockley s.n. (UC85914) may be from our area.
Eriogonum shockleyi S. Watson var. shockleyi
Uncommon, forming large mounds in stable, sandy or subalkaline substrata, throughout the range. ‚
CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: N wall McAfee Creek, ca 0.5 mi above it's mouth, 5700 ft, Morefield
3620 (UC1545313, RSA437031, UCR59883, NY280105). Esmeralda: along Busher Creek, Morefield 2468
Eriogonum spergulinum A. Gray var. reddingianum (M.E. Jones) J. Howell
Scattered and colonial in loamy soils at moderately high elevations throughout the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: head of Crooked Creek, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26054 (UC701663, NY283065) USE rim of Perry
Aiken Flat, 10850 ft, Morefield 4161 (UC1549866, NY283086) UWhite Mountains, Shockley 645
(JEPS56327). Esmeralda: NE base Boundary Peak, A.P. Pinzl 3528 (NY283079) UMustang Mountain,
10100 ft, Morefield 4047 (NY283087) UQueen Canyon saddle, 9800 ft, Morefield 4035 (NY283085) Mineral:
none.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. covillei (Small) Munz & Reveal
Uncommon at or near timberline on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: upper Middle
Cr.drainage, 11100 ft, Morefield 4239 (UC1549977). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torrey var. chlorothamnus Reveal
Infreqent in sagebrush at 9000-11000 ft in the central portion of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked
Creek lab, K.K. Muller 1078 (SBBG16500) UCrooked Creek ranger station, 9800 ft, Lloyd 3094
(UC1311782), R. Bacigalupi et al. 8084 (JEPS28212) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3190
(UC1311775) UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8049 (JEPS28159). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torrey var. dichrocephalum Gand.
Infreqent in sagebrush at 8000-11000 ft in throughout the range. Inyo: summit of trail from Silver Canyon
to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7237 (JEPS56196) Ujunction Wyman Canyon Rd and
White Mtn Rd. 10000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282609); Dedecker 6138 (RSA626276) U10 mi up Wyman
Canyon, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26032 (UC701653, NY399112) USchulman Grove, 10000 ft, H.Mooney
379 (DS); G.K. Helmkamp 4289 (UCR134706) UReed Flat, P.A. Munz 21025 (NY283554). Mono: E slope of
Sheep Mountain, 11500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282603) U2 mi S Barcroft Lab, 12000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n.
(UC1282604) U1 mile below corral at head of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26061 (UC701656,
NY399113) UBucks Peak, 10200 ft, Mitchell 2233 (UC1299879, NY283555) USagehen Flat, 10250 ft, Lloyd
3165 (UC1300186, NY283556) UPatriarch Grove, Taylor 6677 (DAV); N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 6242
(NY399114). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 2567 (UC). Mineral: none.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torrey var. nevadense Gand.
Infreqent in pinyon woodland and sagebrush at 7000-11000 ft in throughout the range. Inyo: Roberts
Ranch, Wyman Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 1701 (UC1297232). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1553
(UC1297230); 10000 ft, K.K. Muller 1078 (JEPS32952, SBBG16489) Umouth Marble Creek, Hammil Valley,
6500 ft, Morefield 3739 (UC1545570, NY399276) UMiddle Cr headwaters, 11000 ft, Morefield et al. 4239
(NY399277). Esmeralda: vicinity Sand Spring, 5600 ft, Morefield 1988 (NY399299) UB&B Mine, Trail
Canyon, 7800 ft, Duran 3087 (UC, NY399222, NY399273); Mineral: none.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torrey var. subaridum S. Stokes
Infreqent in upper elevations of desert scrub, in pinyon woodland and sagebrush at 5500-10000 ft in the
southerly end of the range. Inyo: 2 mi up Mollie Gibson Canyon, Lloyd 2946 (UC1300065) UCedar Flat,
7250 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 2488 (UC1035867) UGrandview Campground, 8500 ft, Dedecker 6393
(RSA627154) UWyman Canyon, I.F. Tidestrom 9909 (NY399310). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torrey var. versicolor S. Stokes
Uncommon at higher elevations on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 10000 ft, Duran
1520 (UC1297229) U1.5 mi S county line, head Silver Canyon, 10700 ft, H.Mooney 826 (DS) Uridge west of
County Line Hill, 10400 ft, H.Mooney 530 (DS) USchulman Grove on dolomite, J.L. Reveal 2797 (NY399467).
Mono: southwest of Sheep Mtn, H.Mooney 589 (DS). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eriogonum wrightii Bentham var. subscaposum S. Watson
Uncommon in sagebrush or pinyon woodland on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, R.
Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG64295) UCedar Flat, 7000 ft, Duran 2841 (UC1297211) UStudebaker Flat, 9500 ft,
S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282608) Uhead Payson Canyon, 7200 ft, Morefield & C.W. Abbott 4369 (UC1550026,
NY399768) Uupper Montenegro Spring, 7200 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4369 (UC1550026). Mono: Piute
Creek, 11500 ft, H.Mooney 887 (DS). Esmeralda: to be expeted in the Nevada portion of the White Mtns -
Reveal (Great Basin Nat. 45:505. 1985). Mineral: none.
Oxyria Hill
Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill - Alpine sorrel.
Infrequent, shaded snow accumulation sites in talus or cliffs, and rocky slopes, above 10500 ft throughout
the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Barcroft Lab, 12600 ft, R.Bacigalpi et al. 8126 (JEPS28257) UMcAfee Creek,
11500 ft, Lloyd 3314 (UC1300277) Unear McAfee Meadow, 12700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7400 (JEPS57963); Duran
516 (UC439774) UPellisier Flats, 12800 ft, Mitchell 2218 (UC1299887) Ucanyon of the North Fork of Perry
Aiken Creek, 11000 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4708 (UC1545417, NY404352) UWhite Mountain Peak, 13000
ft, Dedecker 1260 (RSA624129). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Oxytheca Nutt.
Reference: B. Ertter. 1980. Brittonia 32:70-102.
1. Involucre awns 4; bracts not united and perfoliate ..................................................................... O. dendroidea
1' Involucre awns 5; bracts united, perfoliate ..................................................................................... O. perfoliata
Oxytheca dendroidea Nutt. ssp. dendroidea
Infrequent in sandy or gravelly openings below 9000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, 7300
ft, R.Hoffman s.n. in 1930 (JEPS58006), 0.6 mi E entrance to Narrows, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21938
(UC1075794) U6 mi up Wyman Canyon, B. Maguire & A.H. Holmgren 26063 (UC701664, NY404459)
UCedar Flat, 7000 ft, Duran 518 (UC439776). Mono: Perry Aiken Creek canyon, 7800 ft, Morefield & T.S.
Ross 4722 (NY404419) . Esmeralda: Post Meadow, Indian Creek, A.Archer 7233 (UC) Uvicinity of Pinyon
Hill, 7030 ft, Morefield 3074 (NY404443) UFish Lake Valley, A. Pinzl & B. Miller 7627 (NY404394) Mineral:
Montgomery Pass, Morefield et al. 4526 (NY404444).
Oxytheca perfoliata Torrey & A. Gray
Infrequent in sandy or gravelly sites in desert scrub below 7000 ft on the southerly end the range. Inyo:
mouth of Black Canyon, 4500 ft, Duran 2630 (UC1297189) Uw base of Black Mountain, 4000 ft,
Morefield 3580 (UC1545315) USilver Canyon east of Laws, A.A.Heller 8305 (UC162367, NY404524) Ubelow
Tollhouse Springs, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9574 (CAS). Mono: Birch Creek, 5800 ft, Duran 3478
(RSA10852, NY404522, NY404523). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Persicaria Miller Smartweed

1. Aquatics; spikes all terminal, flowers bright red or deep pink; leaves floating
documented in the Owens Valley...................................................................................................... P. amphibia
1' Plants not typically aquatic, flowers white to light pink; inflorescence of both axillary and terminal racemes
2. Leaf sheaths with marginal bristles
3. Flowers cream or greenish; peduncle with yellow glands; inflorescence frequently drooping
............................................................................................................................................ P. lapathifolia
3' Flowers pink, peduncle not glandular; leaves with a dark spot in center (the 'lady's thumbprint');
inflorescence not particularly droopy
.............................................................................................................................................. P. maculata
2' Leaf sheaths lacking marginal bristles
4. Perianth gland dotted
5. Perianth margins red; annual; bitter-tasting- not documented ...................................... P. punctatum
5' Perianth greenish to light pink; perennial; not bitter ....................................................... P. hydropiper
4' Perianth not gland dotted not documented .............................................................. P. hydropiperoides
*Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz.
Infrequent in wet sunny locations along streams on the lower flanks throughout the range. [syn. Polygonum
h. L. Inyo: Antelope Springs, Morefield (Additions III). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Sand Spring, Morefield
(Additions III). Mineral: none.
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F.Gray
Infrequent in wet sunny locations along streams on the lower flanks throughout the range. [syn. P.
lapthifolium L.] Inyo: Pellisier Creek, 6050 ft, Morefield & C.W. Abbott 4354 (UC1549819, NY412668), 4353
(NY412667)). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
*Persicaria maculosa S.F. Gray
Infrequent in wet sunny locations along streams on the lower flanks throughout the range. [syn. Polygonym
persidaria L.] Inyo: Antelope Springs, Morefield 2343 (NY). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Sand Spring,
Morefield 2841 (NY412766). Mineral: none.
Polygonum L. Knotweed
References: J. Hickman. 1984. Madroño 31:249-252; P. Meerts et al. 1990. Plant Syst. Ecol. 173:71-89. L.P.R. Decraene
& J.R. Ackeroyd. 1988. Bot. J. Linnaen Soc. 98:321-371.
1. Perennial; prostrate to decumbent; flowers axillary; subalpine
(Subg. Polygonum, Sect. Avicularia)
not documented in the Whites .................................................................................................. P. shastense
1' Annual
2. Stems 8-16 ribbed but still rounded in x-section (Subg. & Sect. Polygonum); weeds
3. Stems erect, flowers restricted to tips of branches
4. Perianth with deep yellow margins; most bracts > flowers; seeds dull brown
alkaline meadows, not documented ....................................................................... P. ramosissimum
4' Perianth margins pink; all but lowest bracts < flowers; seeds shiny brown
rare weed not documented........................................................................................ P. argyrocoelon
3' Stems prostrate; flower scattered, along stems as well as branch tips .................................... P. aviculare
2' Stems sharply angled, not ribbed and not rounded in x-section (Subg. Duravia); native
5. Achenes 1.5-2.5 mm long; dull brown
not documented ................................................................P. polygaloides ssp. kelloggii
5' Achenes 2-5 mm long; shiny black
6. Leaves ovate to elliptic, the basal persisting well as the plants flower; plants often < 3-4 cm tall.... P. minimu
6' Leaves linear to lanceolate, the basal shed as the plants flower; plants often 10 cm or more tall ... P. sawatc
*Polygonum aviculare L. ssp. depressum (Meisner) Arcangeli
Frequent weed of roadbeds and other similarly disturbed or compacted sites, below ca. 11000 ft throughout
the range. In the Whites, we probably have one record ssp. buxiforme (Small) Costea & Tardif and ssp.
depressum (Meisner) Arcangeli is probably most common; populations of either ssp. neglectum (Besser)
Arcangeli should be expected in the Owens Valey. [syn. Polygonum arenastrum Boreau] Inyo: head Wyman
Canyon, 10060 ft, Morefield 2373 (RSA463931). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran
2519 (UC) UIndian Creek roadbed, Morefield 4861 (NY404648). Mineral: none.
*Polygonum aviculare L. ssp. buxiforme (Small) Costea & Tardif
Mono: Wyman Creek, Duran 3167 (UC1297188) is our only record.
Polygonum sawatchense Small ssp. sawatchense
Infrequent in vernally moist loamy or sandy soil sties at middle elevations. [syn. Polygonum douglasii Greene
ssp. johnstonii (Munz) J. Hickman] Inyo: Big Prospector Meadow, 9700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7356 (JEPS50577)
UWyman Canyon, P.A. Munz 21043 (RSA115091). Mono: Campito Mtn, 10600 ft, Lloyd 3174 (UC1300192);
Dedecker 5487 (UCR113712) UCrooked Creek, 6750 ft, J.T.Howell 14322 (UC850365) UChiatovich Flats,
10570 ft, Morefield 4819 (NY412554) . Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Rumex L. Dock
1. Dioecious; stems slender, generally "3 mm thick and < 4 dm tall (Subg. Acetosa)
2. Leaves sagittate to hastate; plants rhizomatous
............................................................................ R. acetosella - weed not yet documented in the Whites
2' Leaves linear-lanceolate, tapered to base; plants taprooted ............................................. R. paucifolius
3. Inflorescence dense; stems < 2 dm tall ............................................. R. paucifolius var. paucifolius
3' Inflorescence open; stems > 2 dm tall ............................................ R. paucifolius var. gracilescens
1' Monoecious; stems stout, generally >>3 mm thick and 4-10 dm tall (Subg. Rumex)
4. Stems strictly erect; basal leaves present (Sect. Rumex)
5. Valves denticulate or with slender teeth or bristles
6. Annuals of wet subsaline flats ......................................................................................... R. fueginus
6' Perennials of non-saline wet sites, infrequent weed
not documented................................................................................................................. R. pulcher
5' Valves entire
7' Perianth segments without obvious callosities not documented ..................................R. occidentalis
7' Perianth segments with evident calloisites; west or east slope
8. Inflorescence dense and continuous; inner perianth lobe 5-6 mm; callosity <a perianth width;
common weed .................................................................................................................R. crispus
8' Inflorescence open and interrupted; inner perianth lobe 2-3 mm; callosity about-2 width of lobe
................................................................ R. conglomeratus - weed not documented in the Whites
3' Stems ascending to decumbent; basal leaves usually absent (Sect. Axillares)
10. Callosities unequal, only 1 obvious and with width >a inner perianth lobe
.......................................................................................................................................... R. salicifolius
10' Callosities equal........................................................................................................... R. triangulivalvis
*Rumex crispus L. - Curly dock.
Occassional weed of moist sites below about 9000 ft Inyo: Tollhouse Spring, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2697
(UC1299956), 2691 (UC1299959, NY413069) USilver Canyon, 6000 ft, H.Mooney 125 (DS). Mono: Birch
Creek, 5800 ft, Duran 3480 (UC1297181). Esmeralda: Marble Canyon, 5500 ft, Lankester 827 (BM).
Mineral: none.
Rumex fueginus Philippi
Infrequent in subalkaline meadows or subsaline playa margins, in the valley flanks of the range. [syn. R.
maritimus L.] Inyo: none.; Mono: none. Esmeralda: rare in the marsh at Sand Spring, 5510 ft, Morefield
Rumex paucifolius S. Watson
Frequent in open herbaceous dominated sites, and alpine, throughout the range. Small alpine plants have
been distinguished as var. gracilescens (Rech) Rech. but seem to be completely clinal. Inyo: none. Mono:
Crooked Creek canyon, 9800 ft, Lloyd 2877 (UC1299910) Uheadwaters Cottonwood Creek,12000 ft, Duran
1666 (UC1297183); Dedecker 2217 (RSA616786) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1579 (UC1297184);
10100 ft, Lloyd 3218 (UC1311760) USouth Fork Crooked Creek, 10100 ft, Mitchell 2234 (UC1299878,
NY430551) USheep Mtn, 11650 ft, W.L.Jepson 7404 (JEPS39933); Taylor 5192 (UC1735904); Dedecker
1259 (RSA624130) Uvicinity Tres Plumas Flat, 10500 ft, Morefield 2230 (NY430550) UCampito Meadow,
G.K. Helmkamp 4338 (UCR134460) UBarcroft gate, 11700 ft, K.&M. Heil 8470 (SJNM19335) UBarcroft Lab,
12650 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8123 (JEPS28254) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran 2830 (UC1297182,
NY430577); R.Bacigalupi et al. 8142 (JEPS29011); W.L.Jepson 7396 (JEPS39935); 12000 ft, B.Maguire & A.
Holmgren 26085 (UC943252, NY430575) UWhite Mtn Peak, 13500 ft, Lloyd 3251 (UC1300153); 12800 ft,
R.Bacigalupi et al. 8186 (JEPS29053) UPellisier Flats, 1 mile S of The Junpoff, 13300 ft, Mitchell 2183
(UC1299910, NY430579) UWhite Mtns, 11000-12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 495 (JEPS39865). Esmeralda:
Rumex salicifolius Weinm.
Scattered in wetland sites on streambanks, below ca. 11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Marble Canyon
of Black Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran M73 (UC1297186) UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3017 (UC1300271)
USilver Canyon, 5500 ft, Morefield 2216 (NY430588). Mono: McAfee Creek canyon, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3308
(UC1300271) UE end of Perry Aiken Flat, 10500 ft, Morefield 4184 (NY430587). Esmeralda: Chiatovich
Creek, 8000 ft, Duran M74 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 10000 ft, Duran 3351 (NY430590). Mineral: none.
Rumex triangulivalvis Danser.
Infrequent in wetland sites on streambanks [syn. Rumex salicifolius J.A. Weinm. var. triangulivalvis (Danser)
Rech f.] Mono: vicinity Deep Springs Cow Camp, 9500 ft, Morefield 1754 (NY430649) is our only record.
PORTULACACEAE - Purslane Family (POR - 86)

Key to Genera
1. Capsules 2-3 valved, dehising from the tip
2. Stigmas 3
3. Leaves opposite
4. Leaves basal, the cauline leaves 2 and usually fused.......................................................... Claytonia
4' Leaves cauline and not fused ........................................................................................... Crunocallis
3' Leaves alternate; petals white to pink; seeds 1-3 per capsule; inflorescence not secund
........................................................................................................................................................ Montia
2' Stigmas 2 or the style 2-branched .................................................................................................. Cistanthe
1' Capsules circumcissile
6. Sepals free; capsule splitting near base ............................................................................................ Lewisia
6' Sepals united at base and adnate to the ovary, 2-lobed; capsule splitting near middle
weed ................................................................................................................................................Portulaca
Cistanthe Spach Pussy-paws

References: W.F. Hinton. 1975. Brittonia 27:197-208; M. Hershkovitz. 1990. Phytologia 68:267-270.
1. Style absent, stigmas sessile; capsules ovate to oblong
2. Flowers on pedicles 1-3 mm long; petals 2 ................................................................................... C. roseum
2' Flowers sessile to subsessile; petals 3
3. Capsule 2x sepal length at maturity; stamen 1................................................................. C. monandrum
3' Capsule <2x sepal length at maturity; stamens generally 3 ....................................................... C. parryi
1' Style filiform; fruit ellpitic to round
4. Rosettes with a single terminal inflorescence ....................................................................... C. umbellatum
5. Inflorescence compound, often > 5 cm tall; persistent leaves >3 cm long
not documented in the Whties ................................................................. C. umbellatum var. umbellatum
5' Inflorescence simple, generally < 2 cm tall; persistent leaves < 1 cm long
.............................................................................................................. C. umbellatum var. caudiceferum
4' Rosettes with 2 or 3 axillary inflorescences; perennial with taproots; anthers pink
......................................................................................................................................... C. monospermum
Cistanthe monandra (Nuttall) Herschkovitz
Occassional in loose soils, wahes, desert scrub on the lower flanks of the range. [syn. Calyptridium
monandrum Nuttall] Inyo: 1.4 mi NW Poleta Mine, 5650 ft, Morefield 3394 (UC1535106, NY496184)
UWyman Creek, 5800 ft, Morefield 3520 (UC1535079, NY496187) UW base Black Mtn, 4850 ft, Morefield
3354 (UC1535184, NY496188). Mono: mouth Rock Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield 3484 (UC1534818), 5080 ft,
Cistanthe monosperma (Greene) Herschkovitz
To be expected in our region [syn. Calyptridium monospermum Greene] Mono County, White Mountains,
W.H.Shockley 458 (UC7762) is labeled as this taxon, but JEPS52511 is labeled as C. umbellatum var.
caudififerum
Cistanthe parryi (A. Gray) Herschkovitz var. nevadense (J. T. Howell) Kartesz & Gandhi
Infrequent in well drained loose soils on the lower flanks of the range. [syn. Calyptridium parryi A. Gray var.
nevadense J. Howell] Inyo: just NE of Wyman Canyon, 5650 ft, Morefield et al. 4439 (UC1545438,
RSA437274, NY496199), 5800 ft, Morefield 3521 (UC1535078, RSA387582, NY496197) UWyman Canyon,
8500 ft, M. Dedecker 6244 (RSA627058) Uside canyon of Beer Creek, 5570 ft, Morefield (NY496198) Uwash
below Mollie Gibson Mine, Taylor 6429 (JEPS101044). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9400 ft, Duran 1568
Cistanthe rosea (S. Watson) Herschkovitz
Infrequent in openings in subalpine woodland and alpine, central portion of the range [syn. Calyptridium
roseum S. Watson] Inyo: McAfee Meadow, 11600 ft, Duran 2805 (UC477375, SD1528, NY496220). Mono:
Big Prospector Meadow, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7263 (JEPS52576) U400 meters S Barcroft Lab, 12600 ft, T.
Spira s.n. (JEPS85253) Uhead of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26122 (UC701645, UTC68146,
NY496221) UCabin Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 2550 (UC1297316). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cistanthe umbellata (Torrey) Herschkovitz var. caudiciferum (A. Gray) AUCT.
Infrequent in openings in subalpine woodland and alpine, central portion of the range. None of the
UC/JEPS specimens are of the lowland, var. umbellatum. [syn. Calyptridium umbellatum (Torrey) Greene var.
caudiciferum (A. Gray) Jepson] Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Meadow, 12500 ft, J.M.Tucker 2264 (DAV)
UWhite Mountain Peak, 14100 ft, Lloyd 3241 (UC1300136, NY497883); 14050 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8175
(JEPS29044); 13800 ft, W.L.Jepson 7386 (JEPS52517); 13500 ft, Duran 2614 (UC1297317); 13100 ft, S.F.
Cook s.n. (UC1282618); 12100 ft, Duran 1637 (UC1297318); B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26070 (UC701884,
UTC68009, NY497873); K.&M. Heil 8490 (SJNM19355) UCampito Peak, 10500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7298
(JEPS52518) Ubelow Barcroft Lab, 12450 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8140 (JEPS29009) UPelliser Flats 1 mi S of
The Junpoff, 13300 ft, Mitchell 2192 (UC1299903, NY497874) Uvicinity The Junpoff, 11040 ft, Morefield et al
4095 (NY497874). Esmeralda: head Sugarloaf Cahnyon, 8850 ft, Morefield 3980 (NY497826); Mineral: none.
Claytonia L.
References: J.M. Miller & K. Chambers. 2006. Systematic Botany Monogr. 78. The attribution of C. nevadensis therein
is based on specimens from the Sierra Nevada, Tuolumne County, White Mountain in Yosemite National Park.
1. Perennials -none known from the White as yet
2. Taprooted; leaves all basal in a rosette - not documented.................................................. C. megarhiza ‚
2' Leaves cauline
3. Plants with corms not documented ................................................................................. C. umbellata ‚
3' Rhizomatous or stoloniferous plants; rhizomes white and fleshy, lacking nodal bulbuls; lowest flower
rarely bracteate; alpine snowmelt channels - not documented ......................................... C. nevadensis
1' Annuals
5. Seeds shiny black, papillate but not tuberculate, eliasome white and plump
6. Basal leaves linear, the blade <3x longer than wide, tapered gradually to the petiole
.................................................................................................................................................. C. parviflora
6' Basal leaves lanceolate to ovate, <3x long as wide, base abruptly tapered to cordate
9. Cauline leaves unequally fused; petals < sepals............................................. C. rubra - not documented
Claytonia parviflora Douglas ex Hook. ssp. utahensis (Rydberg) J.M. Miller & Chambers
[Claytonia perfoliata Willd., Montia perfoliata (Willd.) T. Howell, misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973] Inyo:
Marble Fork of Black Canyon, 5800 ft, Duran 2724 (UC1297321, UC665675, NY497296, NY497297); 8000
ft, Dedecker 6383 (RSA627145) is our only location.
Crunocallis Rybd.
Crunocallis chamissoi (Ledeb.) Rydberg - Toad Lily.
Common, moist meadows and snowmelt streams and other wet sites [JM - Montia c.] Inyo: none. Mono:
Camptio Meadow, 10600 ft, Lloyd 3173 (UC1300191, NY497724); 10800 ft, W.L.Jepson 7302 (JEPS43255);
11000 ft, J.M.Tucker 3430 (UC1058578); G.K. Helmkamp 4324 (UCR121742) UCrooked Creek, 9800 ft, Lloyd
2892 (UC1300101); 10000 ft, Lloyd 3327 (UC1311753); J.C. Roos 5862 (UCR19205) Uvicinity Deep Springs
Cow Camp, Morefield 1702 (NY497725) UTres Plumas Flat, Morefield 2256 (NY497726) UMcAfee Meadow,
12500 ft, J.&L. Roos 5133 (UC1010187) U5 mi S Barcroft gate, 11500 ft, J.Pykala et al. 2667 (UC1586891)
U1 mi N Piute Mountain, Dedecker 2225 (RSA616570) UCabin Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 2554 (UC1297400)
USouth Fork of Crooked Creek, 10300 ft, Mitchell 2236 (UC1299876, NY497768). Esmeralda: Chiatovich
Creek, 8000 ft, V. Duran 3079 (NY497722); Morefield et al. 4552 (NY497655). Mineral: none.
Lewisia Pursh
Reference: B. Matthew. 1989. The genus Lewisia. Royal Bot. Garden, England. Lewisia triphylla (S. Watson) Robinson,
reported in Additions I, has not been vouchered as of yet.
1' Leaves in a basal rosette; taprooted
2. Sepals 6-8, entire, petaloid, becoming scarious in fruit); inflorescence with 5-many linear whorled bracts
(Sect. Lewisia .............................................................................................................................. L. rediviva
2' Sepals not at all like petals, remaining fleshy in fruit (remainder of Pygmaea)
3. Sepal teeth with large reddish glandular tips that differ in color and texture from the laminar tissues;
sepal veins rib-like in fruit L. glandulosa
3' Sepal teeth eglandular or sepal tips rarely somewhat swolen, but epidermal tissue same as laminar
portion of the sepal; sepal veins not becoming rib-like in fruit
4. Sepals rarely and feebly toothed, sepals gen spreading after anthesis
5' Sepals entire; petals 9-18 mm long, white to pale pink, subalpine or montane sites
........................................................................................................... L. nevadensis - not documented

5' Sepals with a few feeble teeth; petals 4-8 mm long, gen deep pink with a darker midvein; high
alpine .................................................................................................. L. sierrae - not deocumented
9' Sepals regularly many toothed; the tips obtuse, not spreading at anthesis; petals 4-10 mm
........................................................................................................................................... L. pygmaea
1' Basal leaves absent; plants from a spherical tuber (Sect. Erocallis).................... L. triphylla - not documented
Lewisia glandulosa (Rydb.) Dempster
Occassional in turf or mosit sites in the alpine throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: 0.5 mi above
Barcroft Lab, 12500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8111 (JEPS28242) UWhite Mountain Peak, 14050 ft, R.Bacigalupi
et al. 8176 (JEPS29045); 13500, Lloyd 3427 (UC1300203); 13000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7391 (JEPS43226), S.F.
Cook s.n. (UC1282617) Uvicinity Barcroft, Duran 1639 (UC1297320) UN base Sheep Mountain, 11900 ft,
Lloyd 2131 (UC1299802, UC1751201, NY497451) UMt. DuBois, 13200 ft, Mitchell 2180 (UC1300292).
Lewisia pygmaea (A. Gray) Robinson
Occassional in turf or mosit sites in the alpine, southerly half of the range. Inyo: Reed Flat near
Schulmann Grove, Taylor et al. 15292a (UC1731404). Mono: Sheep Mtn, 11400 ft, W.L.Jepson 7308
(JEPS43225) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, 12000 ft, Dedecker 2214 (RSA616789) UCampito Meadow, 11000
ft, J.M.Tucker 3429 (UC1087508); Dedecker 5494 (RSA625361) UBarcroft gate, 11700 ft, Morefield 2312
(NY497450) UMcAfee Meadows, 12000 ft, Duran 1676 (UC1297319) UBarcroft lab, 12600 ft, Taylor 5205
(UC1736065). UWhite Mountain Peak, J.& L. Roos 5153 (NY497447); K.& M. Heil 8480 (SJNM19345).
Lewisia rediviva Pursh var. minor (Rydb.) Munz
Infrequent and colonial in barren, stable small-diameter dry flats in sagebrush or pinyon woodland.
Inyo:Westgard Pass, 7300 ft, J.&H.Grinnell 1048A (UC569585) USilver Canyon, Mooney 744 (cited by Lloyd
& Mitchell 1973). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Montia L.
Montia linearis (Hook.) Greene (M. funstonii Rydb)
Uncommon on the wet mossy edge of streams at middle elevations. Inyo: none; Mono: Deep Springs Cow
Camp, 9500 ft, Mitchell 2892 (NY497769). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8400 ft, Mitchell 2080 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Portulaca L.
Portulaca oleracea L. – Purslane.
Uncommon weed of treading areas or compacted soils about habitations. Inyo: none; Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Dyer, Taylor & A. Colwell 18972 (UC). Mineral: none.
PRIMULACEAE - Primrose Family (PRM - 237)
Key to Genera
1. Flowers displayed in a scapose inflorescence ending in an umbel
2. Flowers nodding, the corolla lobes reflexed .................................................... Dodecatheon shooting-star
2' Flowers erect, the lobes not reflexing
3. Corolla small 1-3 mm, white; inflorescence a diffuse umbel .................................................. Androsace
3' Corolla large, 12-15 mm, pink; inflorescence a capitate umbel
NOT documented in the Whites ..................................................................................... Primula primrose
1' Flowers borne in leaf axils or arising directly atop a whorl of leaves
4. Prostrate fleshy herbs of alkaline meadows .......................................................................................... Glaux
4' Annuals, leaves alternate, flowers 1 cm wide, salmon (rarely blue)
weed not documented in the Whites ................................................................. Anagallis scarlet pimpernel
Androsace L. Rock Jasmine, Fairy Candelabra

Androsace septentrionalis L. ssp. subumbellata G. Robb.
Frequent in the alpine throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, 13000 ft, W.H.Shockley
452 (JEPS13776) Uhead Crooked Creek, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26148 (NY223842) UPiute Trail Pass,
11800 ft, Lloyd 3285 (UC1146724, NY223841) UE base Sheep Mountain, L.C. Wheeler 8512 (RSA601877)
Uhead Cottonwood drainage, 12000 ft, Dedecker 2222 (RSA616573); Morefield 2307 (NY223843) UBarcroft
Lab, 12500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8128 (JEPS28259) UMt. Barcroft, 12600 ft, Taylor 5203 (UC1736098);
12700 ft, C.W. Sharsmith 7845 (SJSU6194) UWhite Mtn Peak, 14050 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8174
(JEPS29042); 13400 ft, H.Mooney 501 (DS); 13300 ft, Dedecker 1273 (RSA624273); 12000 ft, Duran 1640
(UC1146453) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran s.n. (UC1146452); W.L. Jepson 7399 (JEPS13774)
UPellisier Flats 1 mi S of The Junpoff, 13300 ft, Mitchell 2181 (UC1299911). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Dodecatheon L. Shooting Star

References: H.J. Thompson. 1953. Cont. Dudley Herb. 4:73-154; J.F. Goodwin. 1975. Madroño 23:81-87.
1. Stigma capitate, enlarged and much greater diameter than style (Sect. Capitulum)
2. Flowers 4- or 5-merous; plants densely glandular pubescent with generally oblanceolate leaves, the
scapes sticky to the touch; capsules dehising by an irregular operculum or valvate
3. Corolla tube covering the anther bases; anthers acute at tip; 5-merous only; capsule valvate
............................................................................................................................................... D. redolens
3' Corolla tube not covering the anther bases; anthers truncate to obtuse at tip; 4- or 5-merous; capsule
operculate not documented ...................................................................................................... D. jeffreyi
2' Flowers 4-merous; plants with linear leaves and glabrous to glandular but non-sticky scapes; capsule
valvate not documented .......................................................................................................... D. alpinum
1' Stigma not capitate, not much larger than the style below it
4. Connective of anthers transversely rugose (at least upon drying); filaments dark; seeds with a marginal
wing; roots red; (Sect. Purpureo-tubulosa)
not documented...................................................................................................................... D. subalpinum
4' Connective of anthers smooth; filaments yellow; seeds without a membrane along the edges
(Sect. Dodecatheon) not documented .............................................................................. D. pulchellum ‚
Dodecatheon redolens (H.M. Hall) H.J. Thompson
Frequent in wet meadows at or above timberline, less frequent in wet meadow edges of riparian sites. Inyo:
none. Mono: Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1565 (UC not found) UCottonwood Creek confluence with
Poison Creek, 9450 ft, Lloyd 2915 (UC1300087, NY223732); W.L. Jepson 7376 (JEPS14681) UCottonwood
Creek, F.V. Coville 1812 (NY223706); Morefield 2321 (NY223487); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26095
(NY223730) Uhead of Cottonwood Creek, 11700 ft, Duran 2592 (UC not found) U2 mi S of Barcroft gate,
11500 ft, J.Pykala et al. 2624 (UC1586957) Uvicinity Barcroft lab, G.R. Ballemr s.n. (UCR49031) UMcAfee
Creek, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3319 (UC1300165), Taylor 5179 (UC1736287) UMcAfee Meadow, Duran 555
(NY223707), 2827 (UC439813) UPerry Aiken Flat, 11100 ft, Morefield 4173 (UC1549992, NY223705)
UWhite Mountains, 11500 ft, A.C.Shelton s.n. (UC445038). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Glaux L. – Saltwort
Glaux maritima L.
Infrequent in alkaline meadows about mineral springs in the flanking valley bottoms: Esmeralda County,
Fish Lake Valley, Gap Spring, 4670 ft, W.A. Archer 7252 (NY223476) is a proximal record.
PYROLACEAE - Wintergreen Family (PYR - 233)

Key to Genera
1. Inflorescence secund, arching, becoming erect only in fruit; petals with 2 basal tubercules; nectaries present;
One-sided Wintergreen.- not documented in the Whites
................................................................................................................................ Orthilia secunda (L.) House
1' Inflorescence erect, with the flowers symmetrically arranged; petal tubercules and nectaries absent
...................................................................................................................................... Pyrola wintergreen
Pyrola L. Shinleaf, Wintergreen

Reference: E. Haber. 1983. Syst. Bot. 8(3):277-298; 12(2):324-335.
1. Style straight (Subg. Amelia) not documented ................................................................................ P. minor -
1' Style curved downward and outward (Subg. Pyrola)
2. Floral bracts >> pedicles, ovate; leaves thin and deep green .................................................... P. asarifolia
2' Floral bracts < pedicles, oblanceolate; leaves coriaceous ............................... P. picta - not documented yet
Pyrola asarifolia Michaux var. asarifolia - Wintergreen.

Rare, shaded riparian sites under Betula canopy, below 9000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo:
none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Middle Creek, shaded riparian site, 8850 ft, Taylor 8842 (RSA); Morefield et
al. 4228 (NY188084). Mineral: none.
RANUNCULACEAE - Buttercup Family (RAN - 92)

Key to Genera
1. Flowers radially symmetrical
2. Pistils with >1 ovule, fruit follicles or berries

3. Petals spurred ....................................................................................................... Aquilegia columbine
3. Petals absent, the sepals petaloid and not spurred; Leaves simple and reniform
............................................................................ Caltha marsh-marigold - not documented in the Whites
2' Pistils with 1 ovule; fruit an achene
4. Cauline leaves opposite
5. Vines............................................................................................................ Clematis virgins-bower
5' Herbs
6. Flowers appearing before leaves; style long plumose in fruit
not documented ............................................................................................................... Pulsatilla
6' Flowers following leaves; style not plumose not documented................... Anemone wind-flower
6' Cauline leaves alternate
7. Tiny annual herbs with saccate sepals, fruiting receptacle elongate.............. Myosurus mousetails
7' Herbs without saccate sepals and with ovoid receptacles
8. Petals absent, sepals petaloid; leaves compound....................................... Thalictrum meadow-rue
8' Petals present or absent, but sepals not petaloid
9. Achenes with two-pouches at base; sepals green and persistent in fruit
Weed to be expected in our region soon .................................................................. Ceratocephala
9' Achenes without pouches; sepals readily deciduous or sepals petaloid
.................................................................................................................. Ranunculus buttercup
1' Flowers zygomorphic and bilateral
10. Upper sepal forming a hood enclosing the 2 upper petals & stamens, not spurred
................................................................................................................................ Aconitum monks-hood
10' Upper sepals spurred.................................................................................................. Delphinium larkspur
Aconitum L. – monks’ hood

Aconitum columbianum Nutt. var. columbianum
Uncommon and scattered in wet riparian thickets at middle elevations throughout the range. Inyo: none;
Mono: vicinity Deep Springs Cow Camp, Morefield 2371 (NY483172). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8300 ft,
Duran M75 (UC) UQueen Canyon, 8100 ft, Morefield & C. Abbott 4296 (NY483156, NY483157). Mineral:
none.
Aquilegia L. - columbine
1. Flowers reddish
2' Basal leaves biternate, sepals red .............................................................................................. A. formosa
2' Basal leaves triternate. sepals green to yellow ......................................................................... A. shockleyi
1' Flowers cream colored
alpine Sierran, not docmented in the Whites .............................................................................. A. pubescens
Aquilegia formosa Fischer var. formosa
Scattered in wet riparian sites at middle elevations throughout the range. A. f. var. truncata, with larger petal
blades, is documented in the SNE. Inyo: forks of Silver Canyon, 6700 ft, C.B.Wolf 2569 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973) UWyman Creek, 7800 ft, Lloyd 2767 (UC1300032) ULone Tree Creek, 6800 ft, Mitchell 2244
(UC1300295). Mono: Black Warrior Mine, 6700 ft, Morefield 3782 (UC1545372, UCR60093) UCrooked
Creek, 9800 ft, Lloyd 2889 (UC1300133); 8900 ft, Lloyd 2932 (UC1300075) . Esmeralda: none. Mineral:
none.
Aquilegia shockleyi Eastw.
Infrequent in desert springs on the lower flanks of the range, most often on calcareous substrata or
travertine producing mineral springs. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 5971 ft, E.R.Blakley 4632 (CAS) UAntelope
Springs, 4900 ft, P.H.Raven 7044 (CAS), P.A.Munz 21000 (NY485878) USam’s Spring Canyon, Morefield
2041 (NY485876). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9700 ft, H.Mooney 248 (DS) Uvicinity Deep Springs Cow Camp,
Duran 1575 (UC1297314) UPoison Creek, J.M. Tucker 3418 (UCD14970) Ucanyon between Morris and
Montgomery creeks, Morefield et al. 3782 (NY485877). Esmeralda:Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3091
(NY485884) UQueen Canyon, 8100 ft, Morefield & C. Abbott 4292 (NY485888). Mineral: none.
Clematis L. Virgin's-Bower
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.
Scattered climbing over shrubs in riparian sites below about 8000 ft in the southerly half of the range.
Inyo: northeast of Antelope Spring, 5680 ft, Lloyd 3020 (UC1300215) UBlack Canyon Springs, 5700 ft,
Duran 2620 (UC1297312, UC1297398) UBlack Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 2849 (UC1297397) USilver
Canyon, 7000 ft, H.Mooney 484 (DS) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 1716 (UC1297313)
USilver Canyon, 5500 ft, P.A. Munz 12676 (NY486157); 6500 ft, P. Kamb 1250 (UC1178493) UPellisier
Creek, 6050 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4349 (UC1549817, NY486159). Mono: Coldwater Canyon,
Morefield 2129 (NY486158). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, W.A. Archer 7226 (NY486109); Mineral: none.
Delphinium L. Larkspur
Reference: M.J. Warnock. 1989. Phytologia 67:468-493; 1990. 68:1-6; our plants are Sect. Diedropetala
1' Stems with tuberous roots that easily detach from stem, stem base significantly narrowed at attachment to
root
2 Sepals pubescent; inflorescence not glandular; flowers < 8; seeds winged
......................................................................................... D. depauperatum - not documented in the Whites
2' Sepals glabrous or slightly pubescent on the median
.............................................................................................................. D. nuttallianum - not documented
1. Plants with fibrous roots that are not easily separated from stem; stem base not narrowed at root attachment
3. Basal leaves fully withered at flowering; stems pubescent ............................................................D. parishii
3' Basal leaves not withered at flowering; stems glabrous or sparsely pubescent
................................................................................................................................................ D. polycladon
Delphinium parishii A. Gray ssp. parishii
Scattered in northerly facing sites in desert scrub, and pinyon woodland in the southerly half of the range.
Inyo: Westgard Pass; 7.4 mi W , 5000 ft, Lloyd 2655 (UC1299984); 5.1 mi W, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2725
(UC1299935) UPayson Canyon, W. Havowitz s.n. (UC572190) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft,
Duran 2659 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) USilver Canyon, 7350 ft, H.Mooney 106 (DS); 6500 ft, Lloyd
2832 (UC1300104). Mono: mouth Milner Creek Canyon, 5850 ft, Morefield 3710 (UC1545538, UCR60024,
NY488004) Umouth Marble Creek, 6500 ft, Morefield 3740 (UC1545571, UCR60183, NY488005).
Delphinium polycladon Eastw.
Occassional in moist riparian sites in the central portion of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains,
10000 ft, W.H.Shockley 481 (JEPS23299); J. Grinnel s.n. (UC467730) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1576
(UC1297311) UPoison Creek, 10000 ft, J.M.Tucker 3416 (UC1087507); W.L. Jepson 7370 (JEPS23309)
UMcCloud Camp on Cottonwood Creek, Taylor 13061 (UC1736186) Uheadwaters Cottonwood Creek, 11500
ft, Taylor 15245 (JEPS104773) UCottonwood Creek, 8900 ft, Mitchell 2167 (UC1299929, NY488031) UTres
Plumas Creek, Morefield 2276 (NY747043) UMcAfee Creek, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3324 (UC1300278); 11430 ft,
Morefield 4077 (UC1550057, NY488032); 10200 ft, Mitchell 2136 (UC1299798, NY488030); Morefield et al.
4615 (NY488033). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Myosurus L. Mousetails
References: D. Stone. 1957. pp. 499-505 in: H. Mason, A Flora of the Marshes of California. Univ. Calif. Press. [as to
species concept] A.T.Whittmore. 1994. Novon 4:77-79. [as to nomenclature, but not as to species concepts]
1. Sepals 1-nerved; outer faces of achenes narrowly elliptic or rectangular
................................................................................................................................... M. apetalus var. borealis
1' Sepals 3-5 nerved; outer faces of achenes narrowly rhombic or elliptical
................................................................................................................................ M. apetalus var. montanus
Myosurus apetalis Gay. ssp. montanus (G.R.Campbell) A, Whittmore
Infrequent in vernally inundated sagebrush flats at middle altitudes in the central portion of the range.
[syn. M. aristatus Bentham ssp. m. (Campbell) D. Stone]. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft
Lloyd 3137 (UC1146769, NY492650 ) UCampito Meadow, J.M.Tucker 3431 (UC1058577) Uheadwaters
Cottonwood Creek, 11500 ft Taylor 15428 (JEPS105263). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Ranunculus L. Buttercup
Reference: A.T.Whittemore. 1997. .Ranunculus, pp. 88-138 in Flora of North American, Vol. 3.
1. Floating or submerged aquatics, petals white (Subg. Batrachium)................................................ R. aquatilis
2. Floating leaves occasionally with expanded blades 3-4 mm wide -not documented in the Whites
............................................................................................................................ R. aquatilis var. hispidulus -
2' Floating leaves with expanded blades not produced ...................................... R. aquatilis var. capillaceus
1' Terrestrial, or if submerged, leaves linear to ovate; flowers yellow
3. Plants with stolons, rooting at nodes;
4. Basal leaves entire, linear to ovate (Subg. R., Sect. Flammula) - not documented
5. Basal leaves linear ............................................................................................................ R. flammula
5' Basal leaves ovate .............................................................................................. R. hydrocharoides ‚
4' Basal leaves lobed to dissected (Subg. Cyrtorhyncha, Sect. Halodes) .......................... R. cymbalaria
3' Stolons absent
6. Annual; achenes without hooked hairs, pappillate on sides ..................................................R. scleratus
6' Perennial
7. Leaves entire or shallowly lobed); petals 8-15 mm; achenes not warty
(Subg. R., Sect. Flammula) ........................................................................................R. alismifolius
7' Leaves deeply lobed or parted; glabrous; subalpine and above
(Subg. R., Sect. Epitotes) .......................................................................................... R. eschscholtzii
8. Old leaf bases accumulating about caudex; snowbeds
..................................................................................................... R. eschscholtzii var. oxynotus
8' Old leaf bases decaying; shaded alpine cliff crevices - not documented
............................................................................... R. eschscholtzii var. eschscholtzii
Ranunculus alismifolius Bentham var. alismellus A. Gray
Reported by Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) based on a single specimen: Mono County, about rocks in damp
grassland of McAfee Meadow, 11800 ft, Duran 1668.
Ranunculus andersonii A. Gray
Rare, known from calcareous sites in pinyon woodland on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Poleta
limestone outcrops in pinyon forest on road to Black Mountain 2.1 miles W of Cedar Flat, 7900 ft, Taylor
6440 (CAS), Dedecker 5925 (RSA625487, UCR141611) is the only recorded site.
Ranunculus aquatilus L. var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC.
Uncommon in streams on the lower northerly flanks of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none; Esmeralda:
mouth Leidy Creek, 6100 ft, Morefield 2367 (NY492949). Mineral: none.
Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh var. saximontanus Fern.
Frequent in streams, marshes, and spring outflows, on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Black Canyon,
F.V. Coville 1791 (NY494393) UMontenegro Spring, Morefield 2156 (NY494388) UWyman Creek, 8300 ft,
Lloyd 2783 (UC1300024, NY494392) USilver Canyon east of Laws, A.A.Heller 8213 (UC162511, NY494381,
NY494382). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282639, UC1318275); Lloyd 3224
(UC1311755); E.R. Blakley 3554 (JEPS32944) UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8073
(JEPS28201); 10100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7272 (JEPS55069) UCottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1605
(UC1297309). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3094 (NY493112) UQueen Canyon, 7800 ft,
Mitchell 2749 (UC1333271) Uspring on Mustang Mountain, Morefield & C. Abbott 4277 (NY493129).
Mineral: none.
Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schldl. var. oxynotus (A. Gray) Jepson
Frequent in snowbed sites at or above timberline throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Sheep
Mountain, 11400 ft, H.Mooney 839 (DS) UNorth Fork of McAfee Creek, 12500 ft, B.Maguire &A.Holmgren
26067 (UC701472, NY494443) UWhite Mountain Peak, 13300 ft, Duran 2822 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell
1973), 529 (UC439787); 14000 ft, H.Mooney 489 (DS); 14240 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8190 (JEPS29057); 13950
ft, Lloyd 3243 (UC1300201); 13800 ft, Duran 1671 (UC1297310) 13700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7384 (JEPS55160);
B.Maguire &A.Holmgren 26073 (UC701470, NY494444); K.&M. Heil 8495 (SJNM19360) Unear Barcroft lab,
12650 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8117 (JEPS28246) Uoverlooking Perry Aiken Creek basin, 13000 ft, Morefield &
O.Pollak 4085 (UC1549873, NY494446) U1 mi S of The Junpoff, Pellisier Flats, 13400 ft, Mitchell 2169
(UC1299928, NY494445). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. var. ellipticus (Greene) Greene
Infrequent in wet sites in the alpine in the central portion of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountain
Road, 11600 ft, H.Mooney 136 (DS) Uvicinity Lamb Camp, 11600 ft, Dedecker 2224 (RSA616571); Morefield
4621 (NY494566) UMcAfee Meadow, 11800 ft, Duran 1668 (UC1297274). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Ranunculus sceleratus L var. multifidus Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray
Inyo: marshy swamp at Deep Springs Lake, Duran 3304 (UC1282125) is our only regional record.
Thalictrum L. Meadow Rue

Reference: B. Bovin. 1944. Rhodora 46:337-377, 391-445, 453-487. 1944.
1. Plants <2 dm tall; calcareous substrates in subalpine or alpine (Sect. Thalictrum) .................... T. alpinum ‚
1' Plants >4 dm tall
2. Flowers perfect (Sect. Omalophysa) .................................................................................. T. sparsiflorum
2' Flowers unisexual (Sect. Heterogamia) ....................................................................................... T. fendleri
Thalictrum alpinum L. var. hebetinum Bovin
Frequent in stable or cryoflucted alpine sites, or hummocky meadows, in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 10500 ft, Duran 1625 (UC1297308, UC635472); F.V. Coville 1806
(GH38539, isotype of T. monoense Greene, a synonum) UCottonwood Basin, 9900 ft, Morefield 2323
(RSA346895, NY495075) UN base Sheep Mountain, Dedecker 6031 (RSA627172) UWhite Mtn road at 11800
ft, Lloyd 3259 (UC1300149, NY495074) UGranite Meadow, 9800 ft, Taylor 9177 (UC1540185) UMcAfee
Mdw, 11700 ft, V. Duran 2548 (RSA4687, POM179815), 2815 (UC1297394), 528 (UC439786). Esmeralda:
none. Mineral: none.
Thalictrum fendleri Engelmann ex A. Gray var. fendleri
UWhite Mountains, shade of willows, 10000 ft, W.H.Shockley 657 (JEPS55131) is the only record. Many
Shockley collections came from Chiatovich Creek, where this collection was probably taken.
Thalictrum sparsiflorum Fischer & C. Meyer
Infrequent in moist streambank sites at middle altitudes in the northern half of the nrange. Inyo: none.
Mono: Poison Creek, 9500 ft, W.L. Jepson 1126 (JEPS55130) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, Morefield
2335 (NY496131). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8300 ft, Duran 3075 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 9800 ft, Duran
3354 (NY496122) UMiddle Creek, A.P. Pinzl 2510 (NY496128); Morefield et al. 4208 (NY496126)
RHAMNACEAEC Buckbrush Family (RHA - 170)

not documented
Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. var. velutinus and Ceanothus greggii A. Gray var. vestitus (Greene) McMinn are
documented from SNE habitats analogous to those in the Whites.
ROSACEAE C Rose Family (ROS - 127)

Key to Genera
1. Woody plants; subshrubs to trees
2. Leaves compound, pinnate or bipinnate
3. Pistils 1-5
4. Ovary inferior; fruits a pome not documented .................................................. Sorbus mountain-ash
4' Ovary superior
5' Leaves finely bipinate; pistals 4-5; fruit a follicle................................ Chamaebatiaria fern-bush
5' Leafes pinnate with 5 lobes (rarely three and palmate); pistals 1-2(3), fruits with an elongate
plumose style ............................................................................................ Purshia stansburiana
3' Pistils >10
6. Petals yellow, stems without prickles ............................................. Dasiophora shrubby-cinquefoil
6' Petals red, pink or white; stems with prickles
7. Hypanthium urn-shaped; fruits a hip; leaves pinnate .................................................... Rosa rose
7' Hypanthium shallow, fruits raspberry like; leaves palmate
not documented............................................................................... Rubus blackberry, raspberry
2' Leaves simple, sometimes emarginate to deeply cleft but never compound
8. Leaves deciduous and not leathery
9. Ovary inferior; fruit a pome
10. Fruits >3 cm diam
11= Fruit pear-shaped, widest at base; leaves involute in bud; styles usually seperate
........................................................................................................................................... Pyrus
11= Fruit ovoid; widest in middle; leaves revolute or plicate in bud; styles united at base
.............................................................................................................................. Malus apple
10' Fruits < 1 cm diam
12' Leaves in fascilular clusters, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, entire or subentire. 3-5x long
as wide, cuneate at base; fruit red to yellow at maturity ................................... Peraphyllum
12' Leaves not in fascicular clusters, ovate, coarsely serrate; fruit blue to black at maturity
.................................................................................................. Amelanchier service-berry
9' Ovary superior; fruits achenes, drupes or raspberries
13. Flowers deep pink; fruit a follicle not docmented ............................................ Spiraea densiflora
13' Flowers white; fruit achenes ......................................................................................... Holodiscus
8' Leaves evergreen; distinctly leathery or xeromorphic
14' Leaves opposite not documented ........................................... Coleogyne ramosissima black brush
15. Pistils 1; fruits with plumose styles; leaves flat or lance-ovate with revolute margins
............................................................................................ Cercocarpus mountain-mahagony
15' Pistils 2-6, fruits not plumose ....................................................................... Purshia bitterbrush
1' Annual or perennial herbs, or vines, not woody above the base (cushion plants key here)
16. Vines, epicalyx absent, achenes fleshy and fine hairy, leaves palmate to ternate
............................................................................... Rubus blackberry - not documented in the Whites
16' Epicalyx present; achenes not fleshy
17. Style tapered and continuous with fruit, at least the base persistent
18' Densely matted cushion plants; inflorescence a dense spike-like raceme ............... Petrophyton
18' Caudex herbs; inflorescence open and loose
19. Styles hooked, 4-10 mm long, the upper portion pubescent and deciduous; petals yellow,
sepals green .............................................................................................................. Geum
19' Styles plumose, 20-35 mm long; petals white to rose; sepals rose
................................................................. Siversia triflorum - not documented in the Whites
17' Styles jointed to fruit; deciduous
20. Leaves palmate
21. Flowers yellow; receptacles in fruit not enlarged like strawberries
22. Stamens 5; petals ± 1 mm long ....................................................................... Sibbaldia
22’ Stamens 10-25; petals >3mm
........................................................................................................... Potentilla
21' Flowers white; receptacles in fruit swollen and enlarged, strawberries
not documented ..................................................................................... Fragaria strawberry
20' Leaves pinnate
23. Hypanthium flat-bottomed, campanulate, filaments flattened
24. Stamens 10; leaflets 4-30 Horkelia
24' Stamens 20; leaflets 8-160 not documented ...................................................... Horkeliella
23' Hypanthium conical at base, filaments not flattened
25’ Leaflets many, the blade ± cylindric’ pistals 1-8 .......................................................... Ivesia
25’ Leaflets few, the blade in a flat plane; pistals >10
26. Styles attached at the base of the ovary, ± swollen and widest in the middle
......................................................................................... Drymocallis
26’ Styles attached apically on the ovary. slender
throughout......................................................................................Potentilla
Amelanchier Medik. Service-berry

1. Styles 2-4; upper leaf surface finely tomentose; petals 8-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; leaves serrate
................................................................................................................................................... A. utahensis
1' Styles 5; upper leaf surface glabrous
not documented.......................................................................................................................... A. alnifolia
Amelanchier utahensis Koehne ssp. covillei (Standley) Clokey
Infrequent in northerly facing sagebrush or pinyon woodland sites, southerly end of the range. Inyo: 1 mi
below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1692 (UC1297301); 7700 ft, Mitchell 2036
(UC1299827) UPayson Canyon, 7000 ft, Dedecker 5699 (RSA625314). Mono: none; Esmeralda: Indian Creek,
T.E. Lankester 807 (BM, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973. Mineral: none.
Cercocarpus Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Mountain Mahogany

1. Leaf blade generally 3-10 mm long, the revolute margins inrolled to the midrib; shrubs < 3 m tall
....................................................................................................................................................... C, intricatus
1' Leaf blade generally 20-40 mm long; the margins revolute but the lower surface and midrib visible; larger
shrubs to small trees 3-8 m tall ........................................................................................ C. ledifolius
Cercocarpus intricatus S. Watson - Limestone mountain-mahogany.
Frequently dominating calcareous rock outcrops below 10000 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo:
Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, C.B.Wolf 9767 (UC774596); 6000 ft, Duran 3457 (UC1297298); 6200 ft, W.L.Jepson
7415 (JEPS45590); 7200 ft, C.B.Wolf 2588 (UC527269); 9200 ft, A.C.Shelton 104 (JEPS45592); Mitchell 2078
(UC1299790) USierra View Gampground, 8500 ft, W.Roderick s.n. (JEPS82711, JEPS82712) UBlack
Canyon; L.C. Wheeler 7524 (RSA600652); above Blue Canyon Mine, 5800 ft, Duran 3007 (UC1297298); 8500
ft, Duran 3015 (UC1297300) UBirch Creek, 8400 ft, Duran 750 (UC477427) Ubetween Gunter and
Coldwater canyons, Dedecker 6087 (RSA625989). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. var. intermontanus N. Holmgren - Montain-mahogany.
Dominating ridges and warmer slopes at 6500-11000 ft throughout the range. [JM - var. ledifolius,
misapplied] Occassional hybrids with C. intricatus can be found, as Sierra View Gampground, 8500 ft,
W.Roderick s.n. (JEPS82722), see Braton & Mooney (1966). Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7224
(JEPS45579) UBlack Canyon Spring, 8500 ft, Duran 3014 (UC1297296) UWyman Canyon, 8750 ft, Lloyd
2801 (UC1300014); I.Tidestrom 9874 (UC402735); 8500 ft, Duran 751 (UC477426). Mono: Crooked Creek,
9500 ft, Duran 1549 (UC1297297). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Chamaebatiaria (Porter) Maxim. Fern Bush

Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torrey) Maxim.
Scattered in rocky sites at middle altitudes throughout the range. Inyo: mouth Mollie Gibson Canyon, 6950
ft Lloyd 2955 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) USchulman Grove, C.N.Smith 1245 (JEPS28161); G.K.
Hemkamp 4298 (UCR121961); Dedecker 6143 (RSA626289) USierra View, D.Kiel 21069 (UC1750220,
RSA659429) USilver Canyon, 9000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7408 (JEPS44972), summit of trail to Big Prospector
Meadow, 10000 ft, 7241 (JEPS44973) UMexican Mine, 10000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282611) UWestgard
Pass narrows, 6650 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 2500 (UC669938) U11 mi up Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire
& A.Holmgren 26036 (UC739080). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, J.M.Tucker 2222 (UC984779);
R.Bacigalupi et al. 8051 (JEPS28161) UCottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1603 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell
1973) ULeidy Creek canyon, 7820 ft, Morefield 4160 (UC1549865) UWhite Mountains, J.Grinnell &
A.C.Shelton 107 (UC466596) UMontgomery Canyon, F.C. Vasek 9 (UCR4671). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek,
8500 ft, Duran 3101 (UC). Mineral: none.
Drymocallis Fourr. ex Rydb.

Drymocallis glandulosa (Lindley) Rydb. ssp. pseudorupestris (Rydb.) AUCT.
Infrequent in the alpine in the central portion of the range. Other subspecies are to be expected at middle
elevations. [Potentilla glandulosa Lindley ssp. pseudorupestris (Rydb.) Keck] Inyo: none. Mono: White
Mountain Peak, 11900 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4701 (UC1545472, UCR60119). Esmeralda: none. Mineral:
none.
Geum L. Avens
Geum macrophyllum Willd. - Big-leaved Avens.
Infrequent, shaded moist mucky soil sites about streams, 7000-10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Lone Tree Creek, 9200 ft, Mitchell 2249 (UC1299871) UWhite Mountains, W.H.Shockley 659
(JEPS44849). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3095 (UC). Mineral: none.
Holodiscus (K. Koch) Maxim

Holodiscus microphyllus Rydb. var. glabrescens (Greenm.) Ley.
Frequent shrub of rocky openings in sagebrush, pinyon woodland or subalpine forest, throughout the range.
[IMF - H. dumosus (Nutt. ex Hook.) A.A.heller var. g. (Greenm.) C.L.Hitch.] Inyo: mouth Mollie Gibson
Canyon, 6960 ft, Lloyd 2956 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) USierra View, D.Kiel 21067 (RSA659420)
Ucanyon below Grandview Mine, 7700 ft, Mitchell 2122 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UMexican Mine,
10000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, J.M.Tucker
2221 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UMcCloud Camp, Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1613 (cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uvicinity Black Warrior Mine, Morefield 3784 (UCR60095). Esmeralda: Chiatovich
Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 3104 (UC). Mineral: none.
Horkelia Cham. & Schtdl.

1. Hypanthium pubescent within; leaflets imbricate and overlapping "2-5 mm long mm
.....................................................................................................................................................H. hispidula ‚
1' Hypanthium "glabrous within (or hairy at base only); leaflets >5mm long and not overlapping
not documented in the Whites .............................................................................................................. H. fusca
Horkelia hispidula Rydb. - White Mountain horkelia.
Uncommon, stony flats in subalpine forest bordering meadows and infrequently in alpine turf, 8000-12000
throughout the range. ENDEMIC ‚ CNPS List 1B.2 ‚ Inyo: turnout 4.7 mi n of Schulman Grove turnoff,
10600 ft, N.&P.K.Holmgren 11025 (UC1728183, RSA663920) UWhite Mtn Rd. N Silver Canyon, M. Dedecker
4744 (RSA622955), 6373 (RSA627138) Uhead Wyman Canyon, 10500 ft, J.&L. Roos 5856 (RSA71739).
Mono: White Mountains, 10000 ft, W.H.Shockley s.n. (holotype GH26525, isotype UC114526, JEPS2632,
with the collection number of >596') UTres Plumas Flat, 10300 ft, Taylor 9181 (JEPS83846, UC1540114)
Uridge N Tres Plumas Flat, 10400 ft, Morefield 2242 (RSA327720) Unear Crooked Creek lab, 10150 ft,
J.Pawek 38 (UC1097551) UCottonwood Creek, 11000 ft, Duran 1627 (UC1297383) USouth Fork Crooked
Creek, 10300 ft, Mitchell 2238 (UC1299875) UNW corner of Sagehen Flat, 10250 ft, Lloyd 3158
(UC1300182) USE rim of Perry Aiken Flat, 10800 ft, Morefield 4165 (UC1549869, RSA464005).
Esmeralda: ridge 1 mile NE of Trail Canyon Saddle; just north of Boundary Peak, 11000 ft, Taylor 15283
Ivesia Torrey & A. Gray Mousetails

1. Petals yellow
2. Stamens 15-40; plants of cliff crevices ............................................................................................ I. saxosa
2' Stamens 5
3. Plants pulvinate; inflorescence open, flowers not in capitate heads ...................................... I. shockleyi
3' Plants with loose rosettes; inflorescence capitate
4. Hypanthium depth => width; petals narrowly oblanceolate; pistils gen 2-4, achenes "2 mm, mottled
brown at maturity not documented ..................................................................................... I. gordonii
4' Hypanthium depth < width; petals obovate; pistils 5-15; achenes 1.5 mm, uniformly brown at
maturity I. lycopodioides
5. Petals 2-3 mm long; leaflet lobes "1 mm round and glabrous; rocky or upland sites
...................................................................... I. lycopodioides var. lycopodioides - not documetned
5' Petals 4-6 mm long; leaflet lobes >1 mm, narrowly oblanceolate to obovate, gen hairy; turf
communities and meadows .......................... I. lycopodioides var. megalopetala - not documented
2' Petals white to rose
6. Stamens 20, pistils 2; alkaline meadows, not documented .......................................................... I. kingii ‚
6' Stamens 10 or less
7. Stamens 5 not documented ........................................................................................................ I. muirii
7' Stamens 10; pistils >10 not documented .............................................................................. I. pygmaea
Ivesia lycopodioides A. Gray ssp. scandularis (Rydb.) Keck –
Common dominant of moist sites in the alpine throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains,
12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 572 (type material JEPS2633, GH26529, UC114507, CAS572); A.C.Shelton s.n.
(UC485460, UC485461) USheep Mtn, 11900 ft, Mitchell 2132 (UC1299801); 12100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7324
(JEPS44356) UPatriarch Grove, 11700 ft, N.&P.K.Holmgren 11022 (UC1728154, UTC224829) Uridge above
Cottonwood Creek, 11700 ft, Duran M55 (UC1297380), Duran 1678 (UC1317744) UCottonwood Creek
headwaters, 11700 ft, Duran 2593 (UC1317745); K.& M. Heil 8471 (SJNM19336) UWhite Mtn rd, 13500 ft,
Lloyd 3248 (UC1300204) UBarcroft Lab, 12400 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282638); E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller
3715 (JEPS32929); Taylor 5204 (JEPS91210) UMcAfee Meadow, 12500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8112
(JEPS28243); Duran M54 (UC1297381); B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26088 (UC739076) USouth Fork Perry
Aiken Creek, 13000 ft, H.Mooney 637 (DS) UWhite Mountain Peak, 13000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1318276);
J.M.Tucker 2262 (UC984763); 13300 ft, Dedecker 1262 (RSA624127); K. & M. Heil 8487 (SJNM19352)
Usouth of Mt. Dubois, Pellisier Flats, 13200 ft, Mitchell 2196 (UC1299900). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Ivesia saxosa (Greene) B. Ertter
Uncommon, hanging from sheltered cliffs in major canyons throughout the range. [Potentilla saxosa Greene]
Inyo: Deep Springs Valley, C.A.Purpus 5813 (UC114541, UC83506) UCottonwood Creek, 8500 ft, Duran
M53 (UC1297376) U1 mi below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1695 (UC1297377) U2 mi
from mouth Wyman Creek, R.S.Ferris 6903 (UC860854) U4 mi up Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren
26022 (UC933543). Mono: Lone Tree Creek, 10800 ft, Mitchell 2250 (UC1299870) UBirch Creek, A. Tiehm &
J. Nachlinger 8546 (UC1559752). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Ivesia shockleyi S. Watson var. shockleyi
Scattered in sparsely vegetated, stable rocky sites at timberline and above throughout the range. Inyo:
along Methuselah Trail, near Schulman Grove, 10000 ft, Morefield 4814 (UC1552066); Dedecker 970
(RSA623661) Uhead Black Canyon, F.V. Coville 1800 (UC677517). Mono: White Mountains, 13000 ft,
W.H.Shockley 466 (lectotype cited as GH by Cronquist et al. 1997, isolectotype K, CAS626) UCottonwood
Creek, 11000 ft, Duran 1634 (UC1297375) Uabove Eva Belle Mine, 10600 ft, H.Mooney 849 (DS) UMcAfee
Canyon, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3326 (UC1300279); 11870 ft, Morefield 4075 (UC155055) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700
ft, Duran 2828 (UC477429) UPellisier Flats, 13000 ft, Mitchell 2185 (UC1299909) UMontgomery-Marble
Creek divide, 11200 ft, Morefield et al. 4092 (UC1549877). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Malus Mill. Apple

*Malus sylvestris Miller (M. pumila Miller) - Apple.
Waif from cultivation in moist riparian settings below 7000 ft Inyo: mouth Milner Creek, 5210 ft, Morefield
3737 (UC1535015) is our only record.
Pentaphylloides Duhamel du Monceau

Pentaphylloides floribunda (Pursh) Á. Löve - Bush cinquefoil.
Infrequent shrub of moist sites at timberline or above, throughout the range. [Potentilla fruticosa L., the
European species] Inyo: none. Mono: South Fork Crooked Creek, 10100 ft, Mitchell 2231 (UC1299880)
UMcAfee Creek Canyon, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3320 (UC1300274) UMcAfee Meadow, Duran 541 (UC439799);
lower meadow, 11500 ft, J.Grinnell s.n. (UC420525) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3208
Peraphyllum Nutt.
Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt.
Uncommon shrub of mesic toe slope settings in canyons, below ca. 7000 ft on the southern end of the range.
Inyo: Montenegro Spring, 7050 ft, Lloyd 3126 (UC1300319) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 753
(UC477424) UWhite Mountain Road, 7800 ft, Dedecker 216 (RSA86932). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Petrophyton (Nutt.) Rydb. – rock spiraea

Petrophyton caespitosum (Nuttall) Rydberg ssp. caespitosum
Scattered in moderately sloping calcareous rock outcroping sites at moderate elevations up to timberline,
throughout the range. Inyo: Schulman Grove, 9725 ft, E.R.Blakely 3582 (JEPS32941); Dedecker 972
(RSA623663); J.C. Roos s.n. (UCR23502) UMarble Fork Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2886 (UC1297293)
US Fork Birch Creek, 8700 ft, L.T. Dempster 4042 (JEPS34519); L.C. Wheeler 7515 (RSA603276) UWyman
Canyon, T.E. Lewis 81 (CHSC27682). Mono: near Poison Cr confluence with Cottonwood Creek, 9450 ft,
Taylor 9335 (UC1736276) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3267 (UC1311738). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Physocarpus (Cambess.) Raf. Ninebark

Physocarpus alternans (M.E. Jones) J. Howell
Dry rocky sites in pinyon woodland and mountain mahogany stands, at middle elevations on the southern
half of the range. Inyo: Marble Fork Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2675 (RSA4342, POM219795) UWyman
Canyon, 8500 ft, Duran 1682 (CAS171686, holotype, CAS171685, UC469396, UC1297302, isotypes of var.
annulatus J.T. Howell, treated as a synonym); 8800 ft, J.&L.Roos 5842 (RSA71727); M. Dedecker 5511
(RSA625237, RSA374326) Ucanyon descending from Molly Gibson Mine to Sams Springs, 6400 ft, Taylor
6430 (JEPS) UIndian Creek, Morefield 4838 (RSA486166). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Potentilla L. Cinquefoil
1. Shrub; achenes hairy see .................................................................................... Pentaphylloides floribunda
1' Herbs; achenes glabrous
2. Plants strongly stoloniferous; flowers single on long pedicles; leaflets alternating with smaller accessory
leaflets between ........................................................................ P. anserina - not documented in the Whites
2' Plants without stolons; flowers in cymes; accessory leaflets absent
3. Styles attached below the middle of achene; styles widest in middle, fusiform; terminal leaflet >> lateral
see Drymocallis .......................................................... Drymocallis glandulosa ssp. pseudorupestris
3' Styles attached near tip of achene; styles either widest at base or uniformly wide
4. Styles < 1 mm, the base enlarged and warty, tapering gradually to tip
5. Annual (or very short lived if not monocarpic); leaflets 3; petals < 3 mm ....................... P. biennis
5' Perennial
6. Leaves gen pinnate with 5-11 leaflets; lobes b of leaflet width
...................................................................................................................... P. pennsylvanica
6' Leaves gen palmate with 5 leaflets; lobes deep, " : of leaflet width
.................................................................................................................. P. pseudosericea
4' Styles > 1 mm, the base not swollen and warty compared to shaft
8= Basal and lower cauline leaves pinnate (ignore occasional smaller, subplamate upper cauline
bracts or leaves transitional thereto)
9. Basal leaves green, total leaf length >2 stem height; pedicles recurved in fruit
.........................................................................................................P. millefolia - not documented
9' Basal leaves gray pubescent; leaf length <2 stem height
10= Style 1.9-2.6 mm long; bractlests 2.5-5.2 mm .............................................. P. drummondii
11. Petiole < blade, densely white tomentose; leaflets 6-14, overlapping, palmately lobed
>2 to midrib ........................................... P. drummondii ssp. breweri - not documented
11' Petiole > blade, glabrous to sparsely tomentose; leaflets 4-8, overlapping or not,
pinnately toothed 2 to midvein ....................................... P. drummondii ssp. bruceae

10= Style 1.5-2.1 mm long; bractlets 2-2.8 mm long ...................................... P. morefieldii ‚
8' Basal and lower cauline leaves palmate (even the largest leaves)
12= Leaflets lobed throughout; flowering stems prostrate and ca. 1 dm long; leaves green above
and gray pubescent below ............................................................................ P. concinna ‚
12= Leaflets lobed only at tip; stems erect to ascending, 2-8 dm long; leaves not bicolored
13= Leaves blue green when fresh; anthers 0.4-0.9 mm long; achenes 1.5 mm long; stem
bases glabrous .......................................................................................... P. diversifolia
13' Leaves gray green; anthers 0.6-1.6 mm, fruit 1-1.5 mm long; stem bases hairy
.......................................................................................................................... P. gracilis
14. Leaflets lobed 2 or less to midvein; stem and petiole hairs spreading
............................................................................................. P. gracilis var. fastigiata
14' Leaflets lobed <: to midvein, stem and petioles strigose
15' Longest petiole 10-25 cm; central leaflet 5-9 cm; petals 7-10 mm
................................................................................. P. gracilis var. flabelliformis
15= Longest petiole 5-10 cm; central leaflet 2-6 dm; petals 5-8 mm
................................................................................................. P. gracilis var. elmeri
Potentilla biennis Greene
Scattered in mesic settings such as disturbed steambanks, roadsides where runoff concentrates, washes,
below ca. 10500 ft thoughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7229 (JEPS44303);
A.A.Heller 8217 (UC141548) UBlack Canyon Spring, 8400 ft, Duran 1749 (UC1297384) UWyman Canyon,
7800 ft, Mitchell 2038 (UC1299826), Lloyd 2773 (UC1300030); Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Lloyd 3038
(UC1300231). Mono: North Fork Crooked Creek, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7264 (JEPS44304) UCrooked Creek
lab, 10200 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282614) ULone Tree Creek, 9700 ft, Mitchell 2248 (UC1299872) Umouth
Cottonwood Canyon, C.W. Sharsmith 8873 (SJSU10291). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2518
(UC) UChiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2790 (UC). Mineral: none.
Potentilla concinna Richardson –
Rare in granitic gruss near timberline, disjunct ca. 150 km from Toiyabe Mtns, see Madrono 35(2):165.
1988. Only known CA station ‚ CNPS List 2 ‚ Mono: ridge NE Tres Plumas Meadow, 10400 ft,
Morefield 2239 (RSA327747, NY cf Additions III).
Potentilla drummondii Lehm. ssp. bruceae (Rydb.) Keck
Infrequent in stable mesic settings in the alpine, central portion of the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Barcroft gate, 11600 ft, Dedecker 6013 (RSA627432, UCR119598); 2 mi S 11500 ft, J.Pykala et al. 2632
(UC1586890); 1 mi S, R.C. Dickson s.n. (UCR4643) USheep Mountain, 11700 ft, Dedecker 6037
(RSA627167); 11600 ft, 6025 (RSA627420); P. Kamb 1243 (UCSC932). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Potentilla gracilis Hook. var. elmeri (Rydb.) Jepson
Infrequent in mesic subalpine forest, riparian settings in the northern end of the range. [syn. P. pinnatisecta
Rydb.; Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. var. diversifolia, the specimen cited in Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) proves to be
this] Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Creek canyon, 9800 ft, Lloyd 2891 (UC1300132) UMcCloud Camp,
Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Lloyd 3130 (UC1300163). Esmeralda: Queen Cayon, Albert Mine, 8250 ft,
Taylor 15238 (UC) UChiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2777 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2503 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hook. var. fastigiata (Nutt.) S. Watson
Infrequent in mesic to moist settings at moderate altitudes in the southerly half of the range. [syn. P. g. var
nuttallii (Lehm.) Keck] Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1707 (UC1297382). Mono:
McAfee Creek Canyon, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3309 (UC1300270) UN Fork Chiatovich Creek, D. Pritchet 70
(JEPS102927) Unear Patriarch Grove, 11500 ft, N.&P.K.Holmgren 11023 (UC1728171) UPoison Creek,
10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7369 (JEPS44230); 9200 ft, J.M.Tucker 3419 (UC1087505); 9200 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd
1716 (UC1282196) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3221 (UC1311757). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Potentilla morefieldii B. Ertter – James D. Morefield=s cinquefoil.
Frequent in alpine communities above 11000 ft in the central portion of the range. [Potentilla drummondii
Lehm. ssp. breweri (S. Watson) B. Ertter, misapplied in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973] - Brittonia 44:432. 1992;
also known only from Coyote Ridge in the Sierra Nevada. ‚ CNPS List 1B ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: near
Patriarch Grove, 11500 ft, N.&P.K.Holmgren 11020 (UC1728122); W.G. Abbott s.n (SBBG72485) USheep
Mountain, 12000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7314 (JEPS44268); Dedecker 6370 (RSA627135) UPiute Mountain, G.B.
Barbe et al. 1682 (UC1719606, R.F. Thorne et al. 38614 (RSA280090)) Uabove Barcroft Lab, 13000 ft,
K.K.Muller 1064 (holotype JEPS32951, isotype RSA166853); 12500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282650); 12500 ft,
Taylor 5210 (JEPS) Ubase White Mtn Peak, 13000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7394 (JEPS44269); S.F.Cook s.n.
(UC1318263); J.&L. Roos 5140 (RSA71372) UCottonwood Creek, 11000 ft, Duran 1635 (UC1297268)
Uridge S Mt Dubois, Pellisier Flats, 13000 ft, Mitchell 2191 (UC1299904) Ueast slope Sheep Mountain,
S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1318262). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.

Potentilla pensylvanica L. - Mountain cinquefoil.
Frequent on dolomite in the subalpine and alpine, occasional other substrata, throughout the range at
middle to highest elevations [syn P. p. var. strigosa Pursh]. Inyo: beyond Westgard Pass, 10000 ft,
R.Goeden s.n. (UC1523833). Mono: Sheep Mountain, W.L.Jepson 7307 (holotype JEPS2813, isotype
JEPS2814 of var. ovium Jepson, treated as a synonym); 11900 ft, J.&L. Roos 5159 (UC1010192); Lloyd 3185
(UC1300140); B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26111 (UC739072) Unear Lamb Camp, 11600 ft, Taylor 5181
(JEPS) UCounty Line Hill, 11100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7359 (JEPS44281) Uhead of Crooked Creek, B.Maguire & A.
Holmgren 26133 (UC739120) UCrooked Creek, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3098 (UC1311779), 3115 (UC1300246);
Bacigalupi et al. 8068 (JEPS28195); S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1282613) Uvicinity Deep Springs Cow Camp, Duran
1527 (UC1297378) UN Fork Crooked Creek, W.L. Jepson 7342 (JEPS644) Unear Patriarch Grove, 11500 ft,
N.&P.K.Holmgren 11021 (UC1728193) UMcAfee Meadow, 12000 ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26079
(UC739091); Duran M52 (UC1297379); S of, Dedecker 1280 (RSA624258) UCottonwood Creek, 9700 ft,
H.Mooney 253 (DS) Uvicinity Barcroft lab, C.W. Sharsmith 7838 (SJSU6149); Bacigalupi et al. 8107
(JEPS28239) Ubase White Mtn Peak, 13200 ft, H.Mooney 521 (DS). UWhite Mountains, A.C.Shelton s.n.
(UC205441). Esmeralda: ridge Queen Canyon saddle, 9880 ft, Taylor 15248 (UC) UTrail Canyon Saddle,
11350 ft, Taylor 15239B (UC). Mineral: none.
Potentilla pseudosericea Rydb.
Frequent in subalpine woodland and alpine, throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: near Patriarch
Grove, 11500 ft, N.&P.K.Holmgren 11019 (UC1728195) USheep Mountain, W.L.Jepson 7319 (JEPS44267);
11400 ft, H.Mooney 840 (DS) UWhite Mtn Peak, 14050 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8191 (JEPS29058); 13400 ft,
H.Mooney 505 (DS); 13200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7389 (JEPS44270); 13000 ft, J.&L. Roos 5140 (UC1010188)
UPellisier Flats, 12400 ft, Mitchell 2200 (UC1299897) UMt. Dubois summit, 13080 ft, Morefield & C. Perla
4836 (UC1552053) UWhite Mountains, W.H.Shockley 592 (syntypes GH19584, UC114487, JEPS44279).
Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 9800 ft, Duran 3357 (UC). Mineral: none.
Prunus L. Stone Fruits

1' Low shrubs with spinescent branchlets; inflorescence an umbel of ca. 5-10 flowers .................. P. andersonii
1' Large shrubs to trees; not spinescent; inflorescence a drooping elongated raceme with >>15 flowers
........................................................................................................................................................P. virginiana
Prunus andersonii A. Gray - Desert Apricot.
Frequent shrub of mesic desert scrub settings, lower pinyon woodland canyons, throughout the range.
Inyo:Westgard Pass, 7100 ft, Mitchell 2006 (UC1299833); C.A.Purpus 5805 (UC136476); 6500 ft, R.S.Ferris &
R.Bacigalupi 8061 (UC496346) UBatchelder Spring, I.L.Wiggins 8813 (UC652702, UC860974); L.C. Wheeler
8854 (RSA599956) UMarble Canyon just above Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 3003 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973) UWhite Mtn Rd, 8500 ft, H.Mooney 768B (DS) USilver Canyon, A.A.Heller 8186 (cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Uroad between Wyman Creek and Crooked Creek, 7900 ft, Mitchell 2107 (cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: mouth of Pellisier Creek, 5900 ft, Morelfield & D.H.McCarty 3452
(UC1534906, UCR47621. Esmeralda: mouth Queen Canyon, 7100 ft, Duran 3252 (UC). Mineral: none.
*Prunus armeniaca L. - Apricot.
Inyo: spring 0.7 mi s of mouth of Milner Creek, 5100 ft, Morefield 3718 (UC1535017) is a regional record for
this waif from cultivation.
Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr - western chokecherry.
Rare, riparian site below 9000 ft on the eastern flank of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Post Meadow, Indian
Creek, 7800 ft, Duran 2574 (UC1297294). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, T.E. Lankester 857 (BM). Mineral:
none.
Purshia DC ex Poir.
1' Petals 7-14 mm long; styles long and plumose; leaves pinnately 5-7 lobed
................................................................................................................................................ P.. stansburyana
1' Petals 5-8 mm long; styles not plumose; leaves palmately 3 or pinnately 5 lobed
2' Young twigs stipitate glandular; leaves pinnately 5 lobed, the upper surface punctate glandular
..................................................................................................................................................P. glandulosa
2' Young twigs with eglandular trichomes; leaves palmately 3 lobed, upper surface not punctate glandular
.................................................................................................................................................... P. tridentata
Purshia glandulosa Curran - Desert bitterbrush.
Scattered shrubs in desert scrub communities, below 10000 ft throughout the range. [JM - P. tridentata var.
glandulosa (Curran) M.E.Jones]. Frequent putative hybrid intermediates with P. tridentata are reported.
Inyo: 5.4 mi W of Westgard Pass Rd, Lloyd 2678 (UC1299969); above narrows, 6800 ft, 2758 (UC1300036)
USilver Canyon, 10000 ft, Duran 1518 (UC1297289), 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7225 (JEPS18612) Usummit trail
Silver Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7233 (JEPS18613) U2 mi below Roberts
Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 7100 ft, Duran 3253 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973), 1724 (UC1297288). Mono:
Furnace Creek, 1 mi up from mouth, 5480 ft, Morefield et al. 4431 (UC1545412, UCR60101) UWhite
Mountains, A.C.Shelton s.n. (UC467835). Esmeralda: mouth Queen Canyon, 7100 ft, Duran 3253 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Purshia. stansburyana (Torrey) Henr. – cowinia
Infrequent in washes flanking the southerly portion of range, ascending into mesic pinyon woodland
settings. [syn. Cowinia mexicana Donn var. s. (Torrey) Jepson; JM - P. mexicana (D. Don) var. stansburana
(Torrey) Welsh] Inyo: 10 mi NE Big Pine on Westgard Pass Rd, D.D.Keck 524 (POM) UWhite Mtn Rd 3 mi N
Westgard Pass, 8200 ft, E.C.Nord 1-A (UC1092703) USilver Canyon, 7500 ft, J.Grinnell s.n. (JEPS18561),
W.L.Jepson 7222 (JEPS18560) Ubelow upper Sam's Spring, 6010 ft, Morlefield 4001 (UC1549909). Mono:
Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. Bitterbrush.
Infrequent component of midelevation shrub communities in the central portion of the range, 8500-11000 ft.
Inyo: White Mtn rd, 9300 ft, H.Mooney 331 (DS); 10400 ft, Dedecker 6144 (RSA626287) USilver Canyon,
7300 ft, H.Mooney 802 (DS), 9200 ft, 799 (DS); 8700 ft, Lloyd 2847 (UC1300111) UReed Flat, 9700 ft, J.&L.
Roos 5187 (UC1010201). Mono: mouth of Marble Creek, 6300 ft, Morefield 3758 (UC1535020, UCR47612)
UMontgomery-Marble Creek divide, 11200 ft, Morefield 4123 (UC1535028). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Pyrus L.
*Pyrus communis L. - Pear.
Waif from cultivation in moist riparian settings below 7000 ft Inyo: mouth Milner Creek, 5210 ft, Morefield
3718 (UC1535016) is a regional record.
Rosa L.
Rosa woodsii Lindley var. ultramontana (S. Watson) Jepson
Frequent in riparian settings below ca. 8500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 5970 ft,
Lloyd 2703 (UC1299954) Umouth of Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3689 (UC1545606, UCR60083).
Mono: South Fork Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, H.Mooney 451 (DS), Duran 1604 (UC1297291). Esmeralda:
Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2506 (UC)
Mineral: none.
Sibbaldia L.
Sibbaldia procumbens L. –
Infrequent in moist turf or cushion-plant communities, alpine in the central portion of the range above
11000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono:McAfee Creek, 11800 ft, H.Mooney 609 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973);
11700 ft, Duran 2808 (JEPS47202, UC477431); 11570 ft, Morefield 4076 (UC1550056). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
RUBIACEAE - Bedstraw Family (RUB - 270)
Key to Genera
Reference: L.T. Dempster. 1979. A Flora of California Vol. 4. Jepson Herbarium, Univ. of California, Berkeley.
2. Leaves opposite not documented ........................................................................... Kelloggia galioides Torrey
2' Leaves whorled
3. Corolla funnelform, pink, flowers in few-flowered heads; calyx of 6 teeth, subtended by a deeply divided
involucre not documented ..................................................................................... Sherardia arvensis L.
3' Corolla rotate, other than pink, flowers pedicellate and solitary to 3 in cymes; calyx and involucre
absent .......................................................................................................... Galium bedstraw, cleavers
Galium L. Bedstraw
Bedstraws are differentiated by fruits, and can be easily determined as either fleshy or dry fruited; unfortunately, a key
based on this feature is difficult to use because they rarely have fruits!
1. Annual
2. Leaves in whorls of 2-4 .............................................................. G. bifolium - not documented in the Whites
2' Leaves in whorls of 5-8
3. Corollas white; fruit hairs without basal tubercules.................................................................. G. aparine

3' Corollas cream yellowish; fruit hairs beset with minute basal tubercules ................................ G. spurium
1' Perennial
4. Corolla 3-lobed ............................................................................................................................. G. trifidum
4' Corolla 4-lobed
5. Fruits dry and densely hairy
6. Fruit hairs hooked; plants weak, diffusely branched mesophytes; leaves ovate, 1.5-2 cm long; not
documented. shaded wet sites ......................................................................................... G. triflorum
6' Hairs straight; plants densely cespitose or at least not weak mesophytes; leaves linear to
lanceolate, < 8 mm long
7' Corolla bell-shaped at base
8' Plants glabrous; internodes up to 1-2 cm long ................................................... G. multiflorum
8' Plants pubescent, internodes <1 cm ......................................................................G. hilendiae
7' Corolla rotate; internodes usually not > 1 cm ....................................................... G. hypotrichium
5' Fruits fleshy, smooth or warty; Leaves broadly elliptic to ovate; corolla yellow
not documented in the Whites, but known in adjacent Mono County.............................. G. sparsiflorum
Galium aparine L. – Goose Grass
Infrequent and at least in our region perhaps a waif introduction. Mono: Lone Tree Creek, 7200 ft, Mitchell
2247 (UC1299873) is the only record.
Galium hilendiae Dempster & Ehrend. ssp. hilendiae
Uncommon in rocky canyons on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Marble Canyon of Black Canyon,
5700 ft, Duran M69 (UC1297463) USilver Canyon, 5800 ft, Lloyd 2864 (UC1300022). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8900 ft, Mitchell 2103 (UC). Mineral: none.
Galium hypotrichium A. Gray ssp. hypotrichium
Infrequent in open subalpine or alpine settings throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains,
12500 ft, W.H.Shockley 456 (JEPS3543) UCottonwood Creek, 10900 ft, W.L.Jepson 7380 (JEPS9458) Uhead
of Milner Creek drainage, 12000 ft, H.Mooney et al.897 (UC1456588). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 10000 ft,
Galium hypotrichium A. Gray ssp. inyoense Dempster & Ehrendorfer
Rare in our region. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6000 ft on Poleta formation limestone, Dedecker 5816
(RSA625956) is our only record.
Galium matthewsii A. Gray
Uncommon in rocky canyons on the lower flanks of the southerly portion range. Inyo: Black Canyon, 6100
ft, Mitchell 2113 (UC1299810) Unear Wyman Canyon narrows, 6450 ft, Morefield 3141 (UC1523878)
UCottonwood Creek, 6610 ft, Morefield 4809 (UC1552063) USilver Canyon, Jepson 7210 (JEPS, holotype of
var. scabridum Jeps, a synonym]. Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Galium multiflorum Kellogg
Frequent on dry rocky slopes below ca. 9000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Black Canyon, Mitchell 2113
(UC1299810); Marble Canyon of Black Canyon, Dedecker 3845 (JEPS76758) UDeadhorse Meadow, 8000 ft,
Taylor 9164 (JEPS backlog) U1 mile below Roberts Ranch, 7500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC1297478) UMarble
Canyon of Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2854 (UC1297482) UWyman Canyon, 8700 ft, Lloyd 3050
(UC1300234); 8600 ft, Dedecker 5507 (RSA625241), 6240 (RSA627054); tributary, 7100 ft, 4273
(RSA619181); 7000 ft, 4737 (UC1442679); 6450 ft, Morefield 3141 (UC1523878); 10 mi up, B.Maguire &
A.Holmgren 26034 (UC701438). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 8700 ft, Duran 2580 (UC1297477); 6160 ft,
Morefield 4809 (UC1552063) Ucanyon near Deadhorse Meadow, 7700 ft, Mitchell 2060 (UC1299818).
Esmeralda:Queen Canyon, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2756 (UC1389292). Mineral: none.
Galium trifidum L.var. pacificum Wieg.
Uncommon in wet meadows at middle elevations in the central portion of the range. [var. subbiflorum Wieg.,
misapplied] Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9950 ft, Morefield et al.4595 (UC1545474). Esmeralda:
SALICACEAE - Willow Family (SAL - 57)

Key to Genera
1. Leaves deltoid; buds with numerous scales; catkins scales lobed, stamens 6-60
........................................................................................................................................ Populus cottonwood
1' Leaves lanceolate to ovate; buds with 1 scale; catkins scales entire; stamens 1-10......................Salix willow
Populus L. Cottonwood, Poplar

1. Leaf blades white-woolly below............................................................................................................... P. alba
1' Leaf blades glabrous below

2. Petioles compressed in cross-section (twirl between fingers to determine); leaves not bicolored
3' Columnar trees, reproducing asexually (introduced staminate cultivars ...................................... P. nigra
3' Trees with rounded crowns, female catkins evident
4. Bark smooth and white; leaves merely serrate............................................................. P. tremuloides
4' Bark deeply furrowed and dark, leaves coarsely scalloped............................................... P. fremontii
2' Petioles rounded in cross section; leaves bicolored, green above, glaucous below
4. Leaves lanceolate, green above ................................................................................... P. angustifolia ‚
4' Leaves lanceovate, very dark green above ........................................... P. balsamifera var. trichocarpa
*Populus alba L. White Poplar (Abele).
Cultivated in the valleys flanking the range, and persisting as plantings from clonal reprduction, moist sites
below 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Bishop lab grounds, Taylor (observation) Mono: none;
Esmeralda: none. Mineral: mouth Buffalo Canyon, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4290 (NY177541)
Populus angustifolia James - Narrow-leaved Cottonwood.
Rare, relic in riparian sites below 9000 ft, scattered on the north and east flanks of the range; also known
from two streams on the east slope sSNH, thence disjunct eastward into cNV. ‚ CNPS List 2 ‚ Inyo:
Wyman Canyon, 7000 ft, H.Mooney 863 (DS) U1 mile below Roberts Ranch, 7900 ft, Taylor 10058
(UC1736693). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Queen Canyon 8300 ft, Mitchell 2765 (UC). Mineral: none.
Populus trichocarpa Torrey & A. Gray – Black cottonwood
Infrequent riparian tree along perennial streams below ca. 10000 ft. [syn. Populus balsamifera L. ssp.
trichocarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Brayshaw] Inyo: 2 mi below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran
3039 (UC1297359), 1710 (UC1297360) UTollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2689 (UC1299960, NY177775)
UBirch Creek 3.7 miles due N of Antelope Spgs, Deep Springs Valley drainage, 7000 ft, Morefield & A.Tiehm
2002 (NY177776) Umouth Morris Creek, 7200 ft, Dedecker 1942 (RSA639902). Mono: Poison Creek, 10000
ft, W.L.Jepson 7377 (JEPS64559). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 1.5 mi below Davis Ranch, 7500 ft,
Duran 3062 (UC, NY177777); 7350 ft, A.Pinzl & B.Miller 7632 (NY177793). Mineral: none.
Populus fremontii S. Watson ssp. fremontii
Frequent along streams at lower elevations in the valley bottoms bordering the range, becoming rare into the
mountains proper, up to ca. 8000 ft. Widely dispersed, transient individuals can be found at higher
elevations. Inyo: mouth Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3687 (UC1545564, UCR60081, NY177599).
Mono: 0.5 mi up Montgomery Creek Canyon, 7100 ft, Morefield 4389 (NY177600). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
*Populus nigra L. var. italica (Mch) Roj
Infrequent, persisting from cultivation about old habitations. Inyo: none. Mono: mouth Milner Canyon,
5210 ft, Morefield 3617 (UC1545544, NY177586). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Populus tremuloides Michaux Quaking Aspen.
Infrequent, forming large clones in mesic canyon bottom settings, and on rocky deeper snow sites on slopes,
7000-11800 ft throughout the range (Peterson & Elliott-Fisk 1988). Inyo: Silver Canyon, 10400 ft, Lloyd
2830 (UC1300305). Mono: Poison Creek, 10000 ft, H.G.White 7367 (JEPS48048); 9300 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd
1715 (UC1282197, NY177827) UMcCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Duran 1610 (UC1297361) USouth Fork
Cottonwood Creek, 9200 ft, Lloyd 2920 (UC1300082). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Salix L. Willow
References: J. Argus 1997. Madrono 44:115-136; R. Dorn. 1998. Brittonia 50:193-210.
Key based on Vegetative Features

1. Dwarf, prostrate alpine plants - neither documented in the Whites
2. Young leaves pubescent, not strongly reticulate-veined below ..................................... S. petrophila (arctica)
2' Young leaves glabrous, strongly reticulate-veined below .............................................................S. nivalis ‚
1' Erect shrubs or trees
3. Trees with margins of bud-scales free and imbricate, not fused
4. Leaves not glaucous below; twigs yellowish ......................................................................... S. goodingii
4' Leaves glaucous; twigs yellowish brown to red-brown ........................................................... S. laevigata
3' Trees or shrubs with margins of bud-scales fused
5. Leaves with glands at base of blade on the petiole S. lucida ssp. lasiandra
5' Leaves lacking petiolar glands
6. Lower leaf surface not glaucous below or surface not obscured by pubescence
7. Plants clonal; leaves linear-lanceolate
8. Older leaves silky pubescent, margins entire .............................................................. S. exigua
8' Older leaves becoming glabrate, margins serrate ............................................. S. melanopsis
7' Plants not clonal; leaves glossy above, silky below ........................................................S. boothii
6' Lower leaf surface glaucous or obscured by pubescence
9. Leaves linear, 5-6 mm wide and length 10-20x width; clonal shrubs ............................... S. exigua
9' Leaves elliptic or wider than "10 mm
10. Upper leaf glossy above and white below; leaves 35-130 mm long; twig hairs spreading; leaf
glands slightly on the surface of the blade ........................................................... S. lasiolepis
10' Upper leaf surface dull or pubescent
11' Lower leaf blade with dense silky tomentum
12. Twigs glaucous
13. Upper leaf surface less pubescent than lower; secondary twigs brittle and easily
removed from stems ........................................................................... S. geyeriana
13' Upper and lower leaf surface equally pubescent
14= Secondary twigs brittle (easily broken); leaves crenate, the lower surface
becomiong subglabrous ....................................................S. drummondiana
14= Second twigs pliable; leaves entire, surfaces with similar pubescence
................................................................................................... S. orestera
12' Twigs not glaucous
15. Leaves 10-20 mm long; petiole silky; young leaves very densely hairy
not documented in the Whites ................................................. S. brachycarpa ‚
15' Leaves 12-95 mm long; petiole shaggy-hairy .......................................... S. orestera
11' Lower leaf blade glabrous to strigose or glaucous below
16. Stiplues large and leaf-like in texture
17. Leaf base cuneate to acute
18= Leaves not bicolored ........................................................................... S. lemmonii
18= Leaves bicolored, dark green above, silky below ............................... S. lasiolepis
17' Leaf base rounded to cordate .......................................................................... S. lutea
16' Stipules not leaf-like
18. Leaf blades with rusty colored hairs ..................................................... S. lasiolepis
18' Leaf blades with only white hairs
19. Petiole silky pubescent ............................................................... S. lasiolepis
19' Petiole tomentose or strigose .......................................................... S. orestera
Key Based on both Vegetative and Sexual Material

1. Leaves entire (rarely finely, or randomly serrate)
2. Dwarf prostrate alpine plants – neither documented in the Whites
3. Catkins with >20 flowers; leaves silky pubescent; style 0.4-1.6 mm long
................................................................................................................................. S. petrophila (arctica)
3' Catkins <15 flowers; leaves strongly reticulate below; style 0.1-0.4 mm long..........................S. nivalis ‚
2. Taller shrubs to trees with upright branches
4. Leaves glabrous below
1. Capsule pubescent
6' Twigs densely glaucous and dark reddish-brown ..............................................S. drummondiana
6' Twigs glabrous or very thinly glaucous, yellow to light brown; leaves lanceolate, stipules all
vestigial........................................................................................................................ S. lemmonii
5' Capsule glabrous
7. Catkin bracts tawny and soon deciduous; leaves lanceolate, 10-17 cm long; small trees
................................................................................................................................... S. gooddingii
7' Catkin bracts dark and retained; leaves <12 cm long, shrubs with male catkins brilliant yellow at
anthesis .............................................................................................................................. S. lutea
4' Leaves pubescent below
8. Clone forming shrubs; leaves linear, < 7 mm wide ................................................................ S. exigua
8' Non-clonal shrubs with leaves >10 mm wide
9. Capsule pubescent
10. Styles <0.3 mm long - not documented in the Whites ................................. S. brachycarpa ‚
10' Styles >0.3 mm long
11= Twigs tomentose; leaves equally pubescent on both surfaces, lanceolate to ovate, 3-8 cm
long; catkin scales dark .................................................................................... S. orestera
11' Twigs glaucous .................................................................................................. S. geyeriana
9' Capsule glabrous
12= Anthers 0.4-.6 mm long; inflorescence bracts obscured by haris ...............................S. boothii
12= Anthers 0.6-1.2 mm; inflorescence bracts moderately hairy .................................. S. lasiolepis
1' Leaves evidently serrulate with teeth or glands on margins
13. Catkin bracts tawny and rapidly deciduous
14. Trees; margins of bud scales fused
15. Leaves glaucous below; ovary gradually narrowed into style ..................................... S. laevigata
15' Leaves not glaucous below; ovary abruptly narrowed into style
................................................................................................................................. S. gooddingii
14' Shrubs; margins of bud scales fused
16. Leaves ovate; staminate catkins bright yellow at anthesis ................................................. S. lutea
16' Leaves lanceolate; staminate catkins not brilliant yellow ........................................ S. melanopsis
13' Catkin bracts dark and not readily deciduous
17. Petiole with glands................................................................................................................. S. lucida
17' Petiole without glands
18. Twigs yellowish, without peeling epidermis; anthers 0.7-1.2 mm long ............................... S. lutea
18' Twigs brown to red, peeling; anthers 0.5-0.8 mm long ............................................... S. ligulifolia
Salix boothii Dorn

Infrequent in riparian sites at 8000-10000 ft in the central portion of the range. [Salix pseudocordata
Andersson, misapplied] Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork of Crooked Creek, 3 mi.north of White Mountains
Research Station, 9200 ft, G.W.Argus 13817 (JEPS95766, NY281008), 13816 (NY13816) UCrooked Creek,
9000 ft, Lloyd 2872 (UC1300131). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Salix drummondiana Hook.
Uncommon in riparian sites near timberline on the northerly end of the range. [syn. var. subcoerulea (Piper)
C.R.Ball] Inyo: none. Mono: Chiatovich Creek, 10500 ft, Mitchell 2081 (in part, UC1299788). Esmeralda:
Middle Creek, 8300 ft, Morefield 4640 (NY177708). Mineral: none.
Salix exigua Nutt. var. exigua
Common riparian dominant along streams on the lower flanks of the range, below ca. 9500 ft. Inyo:
Tollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2693 (NY187437, UC1299958) USilver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran M80
(UC1297224); W.A.Setchell 2a (UC717261), 2b (UC717262) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd
2787 (UC1300021); 8000 ft, Duran 3029 (NY187436, UC477383); 8000 ft, Duran 1732 (UC1297221) Unear
Deep Springs College, P.H.Raven 7019 (NY187450). Mono: Milner Canyon, Duran 3236 (UC1297216)
UMcCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Duran 1614 (UC1297222). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 2568a
(UC); 7050 ft, Morefield et al. 4553 (NY177969) UMiddle Creek, 8300 ft, Morefield 4643 (NY177968).
Mineral: none.
Salix geyeriana Andersson
Infrequent in riparian sites at 8000-11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains,
11000 ft, W.H.Shockley 470 (JEPS38513) UChiatovich Creek, 10500 ft, Duran 3058 (NY187596); Mitchell
2081 (UC1299788 in part, NY187306); 9700 ft, Morefield et al. 4574 (NY187346) UNorth Fork of
Cottonwood Creek, 9980 ft, Morefield et al. 4592 (NY187586), 10230 ft, Morefield 2442 (NY187347)
UCottonwood Creek, 10100 ft, T.Elias & K.Teare 10448 (NY187305). Esmeralda County seep SE of Queen
Canyon/Trail Canyon saddle 0.4 mile SE of Kennedy Point, 9800 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4301
(NY187597) Uuppermost springs in Trail Canyon, 9580 ft, Morefield 4672 (NY187579). Mineral: none.
Salix gooddingii C. R. Ball –
Frequent in riparian sites in the Owens Valley and in Fish Lake Valley, and just entering our region on the
lower flanks of the range, below 7000 ft Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Cr., 6450 ft, Morefield 2475 (NY187528)
UPerry Aiken Creek, 5900 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4723 (NY187525). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Salix laevigata Bebb
Infrequent riparian areas below ca. 7500 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon,
W.A.Setchell & Duran 3a (UC717255), 3b (UC717256); 6000 ft, H.Mooney 241 (DS) UWarm Spring, w base
Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3526 (UC1535043). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Salix lasiolepis Benth.
Occassional in riparian sites below 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: about 4 miles up Silver Canyon,
A.A.Heller 8268 (NY187871); 4500 ft, Lloyd 2852 (UC1300116); W.A.Setchell & Duran 1a (UC717257), 1b
(UC717259); 7500 ft, G.W. Argus 13818 (JEPS95773) UMarble Canyon above Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran
3000 (UC1297217) UTollhouse Springs, 5971 ft, Lloyd 2719 (UC1299940) UWyman Canyon, 7100 ft,
Lloyd 2777 (UC1300027). Mono: none. Esmeralda: west side of Rte 264, Chiatovich Creek, 4960 ft, A.Pinzl
9926 (NY187627, det. R. Dorn), 9925 (NY187631). Mineral: none.
Salix lemmonii Bebb
Uncommon, riparian sites at higher elevations on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: North
Fork Chiatovich Creek, 9460 ft, Morefield et al. 4577 (NY187856). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Salix lucida Muhlenb. ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murray

Uncommon in riparian settings below 8000 ft on the northern and easterly flanks of the range. Inyo: 2 mi
below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 1731 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); UWyman
Creek 1 mi above mouth, Duran 3133 (UC1297218) USilver Canyon, 4500 ft, Lloyd 2852 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973). Mono: none. Esmeralda: mouth of Chiatovich Creek, 7050 ft, Morefield et al. 4550
(NY187677). Mineral: Queen Canyon, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4310 (NY187676).
Salix lutea Nutt.
Frequent in riparian sites at 6000-11500 ft throughout the range. [var. watsonii (Bebb.) Jepson] Dorn treats
these as Salix eriocephala Michx. ssp. mackenzieana (Hook.) Dorn var. watsonii (Bebb) Dorn] Inyo: Antelope
Springs, P.H.Raven 7043 (CAS) U1 mi below Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 1734
(UC1297220), 3030 (NY188404, UC477385) Uconfluence Cottonwood & Poison Creek, Lloyd 2918
(NY188436, UC1300084); Mitchell & Lloyd 1712 (NY188403, UC1282190). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9950 ft,
Lloyd 3198 (UC1311769), 9000 ft, Lloyd 2872 (UC1300131, NY188408); 9800 ft, Lloyd 2888 (UC1300134)
UMcCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Duran 1618 (UC1297225) UCrooked Creek at lower end of Dead Horse Meadow,
7700 ft, Morefield 2192 (NY188407). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8200 ft, Duran 2509 (UC) UMiddle Creek,
8300 ft, Morefield 4642 (NY188455). Mineral: none.
Salix melanopsis Nutt.
Infrequent in riparian sites below 7000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Creek, 6450 ft, Morefield 2475
(WMRS, Additions III). Esmeralda: Albert Mine, Queen Canyon, 6450 ft, Taylor 15284 (NY813085); Mineral:
none.
Salix orestera C. Schneider
Uncommon in riparian sites in the subalpine and near timberline throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Upper Middle Creek, 10750 ft, Morefield et al. 4243 (UC1549979, NY188009) tributary meadow of N fork of
Cottonwood creek, 9980 ft, Morefield et al. 4593 (NY188010) UNorth Fork of Crooked Creek, 3 mi. north of
White Mountain Research Station, 9200 ft, G.W.Argus 13815 (JEPS95770, NY281006); >Majestic Meadow=,
10020 ft, Taylor 9137 (UC1540240) UNorth Fork Perry Aiken Creek, 12000 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4702
(NY188012). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 10300 ft, Morefield 4661 (NY188013). Mineral: none.
SAURURACEAE - Lizard's-tail Family (SRR - 53)

Anemopsis Hook. & Arn. Lizard's Tail
Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn. - California Lizard's Tail.
Infrequent, subalkaline meadows on the western flank of the range, below 4000 ft Inyo: Warm Springs, W
base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3725 (UC1545529, UCR60166) is our only regional record.
SAXIFRAGACEAE - Saxifrage Family (SAX - 118)

Key to Genera
1' Leaves smaller and plants not as tall; not in beds of active stream channels
3. Stamens 5
2. Petals pinnately lobed with 5-7 threadlike segments
not documented....................................................................................................... Mitella bishop's cap
2' Petals entire............................................................................................................. Heuchera alum-root
3' Stamens 10
8. Styles 3; ovary 1-celled not documented .................................................. Lithophragma woodland-star
8' Styles 2; ovary 2-celled not documented ................................................................. Saxifraga saxifrage
Heuchera L. Alum-root
1. Styles and most or all stamens included from flower; plants with strictly erect scapes 3-4 dm tall and a dense
inflorescences ................................................................................................................................. H. duranii ‚
1. Styles and all stamens exserted from flower; plants with arching to ascending inflorescences, often branched
...................................................................................................................................................... H. rubescens
3. Styles papillate throughout; inflorescence secund ........................................ H. rubescens var. alpicola
3' Styles papillate only at base; inflorescence not one-sided
4. Inflorescence dense; petals linear .......................................................... H. rubescens var. glandulosa
4' Inflorescence diffuse; petals oblanceolate not documented.................... H. rubescens var. rydbergiana
Heuchera duranii Bacigalupi – Victor Duran’s alum-root
Occassional in snow accumulation sites at or above timberline throughout the range. [syn. Heuchera
parviflora Nuttall, sensu lato] ‚ CNPS List 1B ‚ Inyo: Big Prospector Meadow, 11000 ft, J.Grinnell s.n.
(JEPS41671) UWyman Canyon, 8750 ft, Lloyd 2803 (UC1299844, UC1389256); 8100 ft, Morefield 2184
(NY783301). Mono: McAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran 2817 (holotype DS207811, isotypes UC519626,
GH42739, CAS221067, NY186012, POM214819, RSA468116, US1601944); B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26090
(UC701525, NY783307, UTC68151); 12000 ft, Dedecker 1276 (RSA624276) U4.8 mi E Crooked Creek lab,
9500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8074 (JEPS28202) UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, 9800 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8086
(JEPS28214); 9250 ft, Morlefield 1706 (NY783300) UNW corner Sage Hen Flat, 10300 ft, Lloyd 3166
(UC1299854, UC1389324, UTC126729) UCrooked Creek lab, E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3568 (JEPS32956,
SBBG11970); S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282610); N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 11024 (NY783308, UTC223575); J.M.
Tucker 2233 (UC933892, NY783302) UCrooked Creek, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7260 (JEPS41672); 10000 ft,
Lloyd 3232 (UC1311750); B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26060 (UC701526, NY783306, UTC68150); 10100 ft, J.&
L. Roos 5874 (NY783304) Uhead of Cottowood Creek, 11700 ft, Duran 2584 (UC1297334, NY783309),
Dedecker 6036 (RSA627168); 12000 ft, Dedecker 2219 (RSA616784) UChiatovoich Creek, 10400 ft, Mitchell
2101 (UC1299775); 9500 ft, T.S Elias et al. 10395 (NY783305) UMontgomery-Marble Creek divide, 11330 ft,
Morefield et al. 4109 (UC1549881, NY783303). Esmeralda:Indian Creek, 6000 ft, Lankester 750 (BM).
Mineral: none.
Heuchera rubescens Torrey var. alpicola Jepson
Frequent in shaded rock crevices, moist site rock outcrops, below 11000 ft in the southerly half of the range.
Inyo: 5 mi up Molly Gibson Canyon, 6900 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1732 (UC1282172, UC1389270); 0.5 mi up,
7100 ft, Lloyd 2948 (UC1299852) UWyman Canyon, 7650 ft, Lloyd 2810 (UC1299852, UC1389270); 8300
ft, Lloyd 2795 (UC1389248) UBlack Canyon, 5800 ft, Duran 539 (CAS185361, holotype, UC439797,
UTC132693 isotypes of forma ambigua Rosend., Butt. & Lak, a synonym) USilver Canyon, A.M. Alexander &
L,. Kellogg 4271 (UC736260). Mono: E Crooked Creek lab, 9500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8094 (JEPS28222);
9490 ft, Morefield 1722 (NY783481) UCottowood Creek, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7378 (JEPS41670); 8700 ft,
Duran 2577 (UC1297333) UCottonwood Basin, 9850 ft, Morefield 2445 (NY783483) Urim Perry Aiken Flat,
10800 ft, Morefield 4166 (NY783484) US Fork Birch Creek, Morefield & A. Tiehm 2019 (NY783482).
Heuchera rubescens Torrey var. glandulosa Kellogg
Infrequent, similar ecological settings to var. alpicola in the northern end of the range. Esmeralda: Munstag
Mountain, 10000 ft, Taylor 15255 (UC).
SCROPHULARIACEAE - Figwort Family (SCR - 257)

As traditionally configured, the scrophs are a polyphyletic group representing several divergent lineages. The current
family placement of the consistuent genera is yet to be fully resolved.
Key to Genera
1 Plants fleshy and lacking chlorophyll; parasitic ................................................... see Orobanchaceae (p. 133)
1' Chlorophyll present; autotrophic, or if hemiparisitic, appearing greenish
2. Fertile stamens 2; corolla rotate; flowers blue to white ............................................... Veronica speedwell
2' Fertile stamens 4 or 5
3. Fertile stamens 5 not documented ........................................................................... Verbascum mullein
3' Fertile stamens 4 (a fifth staminoide often present)
4. Upper corolla lobes forming a galea (beak or hood)
5. Beak of corolla curved; anther sacs 2 and equal in size
........................................................................................ Pedicularis lousewort, elephant heads
5' Beak straight; anther sacs 1 per stamen or two and very unequal in size
6. Stigma diameter > style diameter; tip of beak closed (opening downward); funiculus of seed
lateral
7. Inflorescence spicate .............................................................Orthocarpus - Not documented
7' Inflorescence branched ...............................................................Cordylanthus birds-beak
6' Stigma and style of similar diameter; tip of beak open; funiculus of seed basal; anther sacs 1;
lower corolla lobes rudimentary ...............................................................Castilleja paintbrush
4' Galea absent; upper corolla lobes not markedly differentiated from lower
8. Corolla spurred at base, the spur saccate to elongate
........................................................................................................... Antirrhinum snap-dragon
8' Corolla spur absent
9. Plants aquatic, stoloniferous; leaves in basal rosette
................................................................................... Limosella mudwort - Not documented
9' Terrestrial; leaves cauline
10. Staminode (sterile stamen) present

11. Stems square; staminode attached at base of upper lip ............. Scrophularia figwort
11' Stems round; staminode attached at base of corolla tube
12. Filament bases glabrous, attached at uniform level in corolla tube
..................................................................................Penstemon beard-tongue
12' Filament bases hairy; attached at two levels in tube .............................. Keckiella
11' Staminode absent
13. Stigma capitate .................................................................. Collinsia chinese-houses
13' Stigma two-lobbed
14. Calyx 5-angled and cleft <2 length ................................. Mimulus monkey-flower
14' Calyx not angled, cleft>2 length (abaxially)........................................... Mimetanthe
Antirrhinum L. Snapdragon
Reference: D. Thompson. 1988. Sys. Bot. Monogr. 22:1-142.
Antirrhinum kingii S. Watson
Frequent in desert scrub below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: below Tollhouse Springs,
A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9592 (RSA26285) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 2736
(UC1297554, JEPS35507) USilver Canyon near Laws, K.Brandegee s.n. (UC200829, JEPS19366); A.A.Heller
8341 (UC162462, POM297990); L. Benson 5952 (POM283612) U6.5 mi E Westgard Pass, D.Thompson 458
(JEPS83406); 7.4 mi W, 466 (JEPS83408) U1.45 mi NE Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3382 (UC1535099,
RSA387487) UW base Black Mtn, 4150 ft, Morefield 3318 (UC1535155, RSA387817) Umouth Payson
Canyon, M. Dedecker 1761 (RSA615504, RSA196076) Unear Wyman Canyon, Morefield 3542 (RSA387475).
Mono: none. Esmeralda: mouth Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft, Duran 3266 (UC) Uvicinity Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft,
Duran 2736A (UC). Mineral: none.
Castilleja Mutis - Indian Paintbrush

References:T.I. Chuang & L.R. Heckard, 1991. Syst. Bot. 16:644-666.; N.H.Holmgren in Intermountain Flora (and
citations therein, as to species concepts). Some species traditionally treated in Orthocarpus are found here, or in
Triphysaria
1. Annuals; corolla red, 15-26 mm long; plants with long glandular hairs ................................................. C. exilis
1' Perennials
2' Inflorescence reddish; galea >3x lower lip; lower lip of small greenish incurved lobes; hummingbird-
pollinated (Subg. Castilleja)
3. Calyx decidedly more deeply cleft on ventral side, 7-22 mm, than dorsally, 2-10 mm
......................................................................................................................................... C. linariifolia
3' Calyx cleft equally dorsally and ventrally
4. Plants heavily glandular (sticky to touch) at the base of the inflorescence
5. Calyx divided 2 its length dorsally and ventrally; galea 2 to 3 tube; stigma 2-lobed
........................................................................................................ C. parviflora - Not documented
5' Calyx divided about-1/3 dorsally; galea 1.5x tube; stigma entire .............................. C. applegatei
6. Leaves lobed, margins wavy; calyx 13-15 mm; subalpine ............... C. applegatei ssp. pallida
6' Leaves undivided, margins plane; calyx 15-25 mm .................... C. applegatei ssp. pinetorum
4' Plants not glandular below the spike
7. Leaves 3-5 lobed; calyx divided <1/3 both dorsally and ventrally............................... C. chromosa
7' Leaves entire; plants subglabrous; moist habitats montane or higher ............................ C. miniata
2' Inflorescence white, yellow or pink but not red; galea 2x or less lower lip; lower lip of three well developed
pouches which often have a rudimentary blade-like tip (Subg. Coalacus)
8. Calyx cleft decidedly more dorsally or ventrally than on sides; inflorescence pinkish-purple
(Sect. Pallescentes) not documented .................................................................................. C. lemmonii
8' Calyx equally cleft (Sect. Pilosae)
9. Bract lobes acuminate, green margined .................................................................................. C. nana
9' Bract lobes obtuse, white margined ...................................................................................... C. pilosa
Castilleja applegatei Fern var. breweri (Fern.) N. Holmgren
Infrequent, high elevation alpine settings on dolomite, central portion of the range. [JM - ssp. pallida
(Eastw.) Chuang & Heckard] . Inyo: none. Mono: Sheep Mountain, 12000 ft, E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3720
(JEPS24684, SBBG12409) Uvicinity Patriarch Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4320 (UCR121760). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Castilleja applegatei Fern. ssp. martinii (Abrams) Chuang & Heckard
Rare, high elevation dolomite in sagebrush. Mono: vicinity Schulman Grove, 10200 ft, Dedecker 6136
(RSA626278) is our only record. Holmgren (1984) treats our plants as C. martini var. clockeyi (Pennell) N.
Holmgren, but the required combination within C. applegatei has not been made.
Castilleja applegatei Fern. ssp. pinetorum (Fern.) Chuang & Heckard
Infrequent, high elevation sagebrush on a variety of substrata, central portion of the range. Inyo:2.3 mi S
county Line, White Mtn Rd, 10000 ft, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8203-1 (JEPS29084), 8203-2 (JEPS29085) U3 mi N
Schulman Grove, 10300 ft, L.R.Heckard et al. 4931 (JEPS77616) Uhead Wyman Canyon, 10000 ft, S.F.Cook
s.n. (UC1282581). Mono: Sheep Mountain, 10900 ft, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8099 (JEPS28227); 11100 ft,
Mitchell 2129 (UC1299804) Uvicinity Patriarch Grove, D.E. Breedlove 1042 (JEPS30963) UCrooked Creek,
10000 ft, Lloyd 3194A (JEPS33063); 10400 ft, J.M. Tucker 3411 (JEPS22312) UMcAfee Creek, 11500 ft,
Lloyd 3318 (UC1389268). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Castilleja chromosa Nelson - desert paintbrush
Frequent in desert scrub ascending into pinyon and sagebrush, throughout the range. [syn- Castilleja
angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don var. dubia A. Nelson] Inyo: Westgard Pass, D.E.Breedlove 5648 (JEPS33873);
D.D. Keck 543 (UC423472); R.G. Swinney 603 (UCR107033); canyon west, 6700 ft, E.C.Twisselmann 15546
(JEPS60823); J.Strother s.n. (JEPS63214); narrows, 6200 ft, L.R.Heckard & M.Morris 4273 (JEPS78791),
L.R.Heckard 4272 (JEPS78792); 6400 ft, Lloyd 2705 (UC1299952); 3.8 mi W, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2731
(UC1300049), 2729 (UC1300050); 7500 ft, Lloyd 2903 (UC1300095); C.A.Purpus 5793 (UC138726,
UC1713297); I.L.Wiggins 8803 (UC652711, UC885409) USilver Canyon east of Laws, A.A.Heller 8189
(UC162463); F. Hoffmann 3955 (JEPS1212); A.M. Alexander & L. Kellogg 4277 (UC736176) Mono:
Chiatovich Creek, 10500 ft, Mitchell 2095 (UC1299779) U1 mi up Coldwater Canyon, 5750 ft, Morefield
3437 (UC1534863, UCR47422) U1.4 mi NE Poleta Mine, 5250 ft, Morefield 3384 (UC1535101). Esmeralda:
none. Mineral: Queen Canyon, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2758 (UC1333261) UE side Montgomery Pass, A.Eastwood
& J.T.Howell 9358 (CAS)
Castilleja exilis A. Nelson
Infrequent on streambanks in canyons on the southern end of the range, below ca. 7000 ft. [syn. JM -
Castilleja minor (A. Gray) A. Gray ssp. minor] Inyo:Antelope Springs, 5650 ft, P.Hurd 60-82 (JEPS24412)
USilver Canyon, 6500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7410 (JEPS8493); 4600 ft, Duran M61 (UC1297254); 5000 ft, H.M.Hall
10626 (UC202348) UWarm Spring, W base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 4193 (UC1550001). Mono: none;
Castilleja linariifolia Bentham – Wyoming paintbrush
Frequent in scrub, pinyon and sagebrush communities throughout the range. Inyo: Tollhouse Spring,
5971 ft, E.R.Blakley 4631 (JEPS32933, SBBG12806); Lloyd 3336A (UC1300300) UAntelope Springs, 5650 ft,
P.H, Raven 7055 (JEPS6845); Mitchell & Lloyd 1745 (UC1282171) U3 mi N Schulman Grove, 10300 ft,
L.R.Heckard et al. 4932 (JEPS77617) Usummit of trail from Silver Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000
ft, W.L.Jepson 7249 (JEPS8828); Mrs. Mary Canfield 40573 (UC990928) UReed Flat, 10300 ft, J.&L. Roos
5836 (UC1010206); Dedecker 6137 (RSA626277) UWyman Canyon, Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Duran 1687
(UC1297543); 8750 ft, Lloyd 2805 (UC1300012); 7150 ft, Lloyd 2780 (UC1300025); F. Hoffmann 3950
(JEPS1211) UBlack Canyon, V. Duran 587 (UC439845). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, E.R.Blakley &
K.K.Muller 3572 (JEPS24690, SBBG12411); R. Bacigalupi et al. 8189 (JEPS29065) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft,
Duran 1555 (UC1297542); 10000 ft, Lloyd 3214 (UC1311763) UCampito Mountain, 11000 ft, H.L.Mason
14563 (JEPS3693, JEPS45660). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 2546 (UC). Mineral: none.
Castilleja miniata Hook. ssp. miniata
Infrequent in moist riparian meadow edges, below ca. 10500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Cottonwood Creek, 8900 ft, Lloyd & Mitchell 2929 (JEPS38591, UC1300078) UPoison Creek, 8900 ft,
Mitchell & Lloyd 1720 (UC1282194) UMcCloud Camp, 9000 ft, Duran 1643 (UC1297545) Umouth of McAfee
Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3641 (UC1545333, UCR60036). Esmeralda: Post Meadow, Indian Creek,
W.A.Archer 7235 (UC). Mineral: none.
Castilleja nana Eastw.
Frequent in dry subalpine communities, and alpine, throughout the range. Inyo: White Mtn rd at county
line, Bacigalupi et al. 8201 (JEPS29067) UReed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21029 (UC1075847) UCounty Line
Hill, 11100 ft, Mitchell 2138 (UC1299934). Mono: White Mountains, 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 463
(UC194168, JEPS3410); 11600 ft, R.K Gierisch & S.N. Zufelt 3559 (UC1368498); J.Grinnell s.n. (UC444867)
U1.4 mi E Crooked Creek lab, 9800 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8087 (JEPS28215) UCrooked Creek lab, 10200 ft,
E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3574 (JEPS3422, SBBG18464); 9500 ft, Duran 1569 (UC1297540); 10000 ft, Lloyd
3099 (UC1311744) UCampito Meadow, 10700 ft, Dedecker 5491 (RSA625358) UPatriarch Grove, 11300 ft,
D.E.Breedlove 1043 (JEPS30966); E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3603 (JEPS35560, SBBG18462);
N.H.&P.K.Holmgren 6244 (UC1426547), 6236 (UC1426549); G.K. Helmkamp 4314 (UCR121743) UPiute
Mtn, 11400 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8152 (JEPS29022) USheep Mtn, 10900 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8193
(JEPS29060); 11700 ft, Dedecker 6030 (RSA627173); 12200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7320 (JEPS3417, JEPS3422)
12400 ft, D.E.Breedlove 1052 (JEPS30965) Unear Barcroft lab, 12500 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8113
(JEPS28244); S.Jessup s.n. (JEPS93159) UWhite Mtn Peak, 13800 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8183 (JEPS29052);
E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3713 (JEPS35561, SBBG18463); 13300 ft, Duran C2-30 (UC1297541); B.Maguire &
A.Holmgren 26075 (UC701814). UMontgomery-Marble Creek divide, 11500 ft, Morefield et al. 4104
(UC1549880). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Castilleja pilosa (S. Watson) Rydberg var. pilosa
Frequent in sagebrush and dry subalpine communities, and rarely alpine in winter snow-free sites compared
to C. nana, throughout the range. Inyo: summit of trail from Silver Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7251 (JEPS3411) U3 mi N Schulman Grove, 10300 ft, L.R.Heckard et al. 4930 (JEPS77615) UWyman
Canyon Road and White Mtn Rd junction,10300 ft, L.R.Heckard & T.I.Chunag 6753 (JEPS86674). Mono: near
Crooked Creek lab, head of the North Fork of Crooked Creek Canyon 10250 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8054 (JEPS28164)
USheep Mountain, 11800 ft, J.P.Smith Jr. & J.O.Sawyer 7729 (JEPS81030); 12000 ft, P. Kamb 1241 (UCSC880)
UMt. Dubois, Pellisier Flats, 13200 ft, Mitchell 2186 (UC1299908). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none
Collinsia Nutt.
Collinsia parviflora Lindley. Blue-Eyed Mary
Scattered in vernally moist sites at middle alititudes throughout the range. Inyo: summit of trail from Silver
Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7660A (JEPS). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 10000 ft,
Duran 1624 (UC); 9800 ft, Taylor 9169 (UC1736364); 8900 ft, Lloyd 2934 (UC1300073. Esmeralda:
Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none
Cordylanthus Nutt. Birds-beak

Reference: T.I. Chuang & L.R. Heckard. 1986. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 10:1-105.
1' Leaves entire, oblong to lanceolate; inflorescence dense, spikate, 20-150 mm; middle lobe of lower corolla lip
erect, not rolled under; saline or alkaline meadows Subg. Hemistegia ....................................... C. maritimus
1' Leaves subpalmately 5-7 lobed with linear or filiform leaflets; inflorescence open, the flowers clustered;
middle lobe of lower corolla lip rolled under; non-saline substrata Subg. Cordylanthus
2. Corolla >3x longer than wide
3. Leaves filiform and involute, <1mm wide; glandular hairs absent on stem
(Sect. Ramosi) ........................................................................................................................... C. ramosus
3' Leaves linear and flat, 1-1.5 mm wide; some glandular hairs present on stem
(Sect. Anisochela) ........................................................................................................ C. kingii var. helleri
2' Corolla 2-<3x longer than wide; herbage hispid to hirsute, flowers in headlike clusters of 5-15; plants
yellow green with some red-tinge
(Sect. Cordylanthus) – not documented ...................................................................................... C. rigidus
Cordylanthus kingii S. Watson ssp. helleri (Ferris) Chuang & Heckard
Infrequent in open pinyon woodland and sagebrush, throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, 7200 ft,
R.S.Ferris 12573 (JEPS3282); L.R.Heckard & T.I.Chuang 2389 (JEPS60314); L.R. Heckard et al. 4928
(JEPS77613), 3594 (JEPS72852); G.K. Helmkamp 4340 (UCR134465); Dedecker 973 (RSA623675) Ubetween
Reed Flat and Westgard Pass, 8000 ft, J.&L. Roos 5818 (UC1010203) UGrandview Campground, Dedecker
5497 (RSA625349) UGilbert Pass, R.S.Ferris 11594 (RSA). Mono: Sacaramento Canyon, 6400 ft, Duran
2879 (JEPS41235). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3362 (UC). Mineral: none.
Cordylanthus maritimus Bentham ssp. canescens (A. Gray) Chuang & Heckard
Uncommon saltgrass meadows on the floor of the Owens Valley flanking the western base of the range.
Inyo: alkaline meadow between Laws and Mono County line on Hwy 6, R.S.Ferris 12551 (JEPS3261)
UWarm Spring, W base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3727 (UC1545531, UCR60168), 4035 (UC1550068),
Taylor 7172 (UC1736399) ULaws, K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC217597). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Cordylanthus ramosus Benth.
Infrequent in open scrub along the southwestern base of the range. Inyo: Warm Spring, W base Black Mtn,
3990 ft, Morefield 4375 (UC1550030) ULaws, K.Brandegee s.n. in 1913 (UC217597). Mono: 1 mi S mouth
Piute Creek, 5120 ft, Morefield 3127 (UC1523868, UCR44065). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Keckiella Straw Bush Beard-tongue

Reference: R.M. Straw. 1966. Brittonia 18:80-95; 1967 & 19:203-204.
Keckiella rothrockii (A. Gray) Straw var. rothrockii
Frequent shrub of mesic upland canyon settings throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, 6850 ft,
P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21945 (UC1075795, RSA109779); 7700 ft, Lloyd 3028 (UC1300227); narrows, A.M.
Alexander & L. Kellogg 2496 (UC666492, NY790404); F.W. Peirson 7546 (RSA79862); R. Hoffmann s.n.
(RSA400462, SBBG66589) Ubelow Tollhouse Springs, C.W. Tilforth & W. Wisura 1477(UC1424897,
RSA265668) UWhite Mtn Rd, 8100 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 2443 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UGrandview
Campgroud, D. C. Michener 3796 (NY790381, NY790382) UMarble Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 580 (UC439838,
RSA4199, NY790390) U11 mi up Wyman Canyon, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26035 (UC701615, NY790393)
USilver Canyon, Duran 1508 (UC1297530); 6250 ft, Morefield 4863 (RSA485141) UGrandview Mine, 7700
ft, Mitchell 2110 (UC1299782, NY790392). Mono: Leidy Creek canyon, 7280 ft, Morefield 4158
(UC1549863, NY790389) UMarble Creek, 10100 ft, Morefield et al. 4133 (UC1549886, NY790388).
Esmeralda: Middle Creek, E.C. Jaeger s.n. (NY790368). Mineral: none.
Mimetanthe Greene
Mimetanthe pilosa (Benth.) Greene Downy false-monkeyflower(Mimulus pilosus (Benth.) S. Watson)
Moist sunny spring outflow sites. Inyo: Sams Spring Canyon, 5800 ft, Morefield 2033 (WMRS, Additions III)
is our only record.
Mimulus L. Monkey-flower
References: R.K. Vickery & B.M. Wullstein. 1987. Sys. Bot. 12(3):339-364.; R.K. Vickery Jap. J. Bot. 44:325-336.
A.L.Grant. 1924. Annals Missouri Bot. Gard. 11:99-388; C.E. Ritland et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:1273-1288. D.
Thompson. 2005. Sys. Bot. Monogr. 75.
1. Pedicles longer than the calyx; corollas dropping quickly after anthesis (caducous); capsule dehiscing to the
vase along both sutures (Subg. Mimulus)
2. Corolla 30-60 mm long, rhizomatous perennials (Sect. Erythranthe)
3. Corolla red, strongly bilabiate; anthers and stigma exserted............................................... M. cardinalis
3' Corolla pink, not bilabiate; anthers and stigma included ............................... M. lewisii - not documented
2' Corolla <20 mm long, annual or perennial; if corolla 25-30 mm long only annual
4' Calyx in fruit strongly inflated, the upper lobe much longer than the others, curving over the oriface of
the calxy mouth (Sect. Simolius)
5. Perennial
6. Corolla snapdragon-like, closed by the ridges on the lower lip pressing upwards against the
upper lip; in fruit, lower calyx lobes curving upwards and interdigitating with the upper
7. Rhizomatous-stoloniferous, leaves clammy-pubescent, low subalpine-alpine perennials 1-2
dm tall; inflorescence with <3 flowers, the corolla 20-30 mm long .............................. M. tilingii
7' Not strongly rhizomatous without clammy-pubescent leaves; inflorescence with >5 flowers, 2-
10 dm tall; corolla 12-40 mm ............................................................. M. guttatus var. guttatus
6' Corolla open, the lower lobes not pouched upwards concealing the throat; lower fruiting calyx
lobes not upcurving, sometime rudimentary
alkaline marshes, Mono Lk, not documented in the Whites .................................... M. glabratus ‚
5' Annual ............................................................................................... M. guttatus var. depapueratus
4' Fruiting calyx cylindrical to campanulate, not or moderately inflated, the lobes equal and not
curving to close the calyx mouth (Sect. Paradanthus)
9. Corolla yellow
10. Annual
11' Cauline leaves petiolate, ovate; calyx lobes acuminate, triangular; corolla >7-20 mm long;
stem and leaves tomentose but not glandular pubescent; cauline leaves cordate to
truncate at base; plants 1-3 dm tall M. floribundus
11' Cauline leaves sessile, linear to lanceolate; calyx lobes rounded, often mucronate
12' Corolla 12-17 mm long, limb strongly bilabiate, the lips spreading
................................................................................................................. M. montioides
12' Corolla 4-8 mm long, not bilabiate
13' Calyx lobes ciliate, plants open, loose, few branched; pedicles 7-22 mm long,
archedin fruit ....................................................................................... M. rubellus
13' Calyx lobes not ciliate; plants dense, highly branched, pedicles 2-7 mm long,
arched in fruit .................................................................................... M. suksdorfii
10' Perennial; leaves pubescent to glabrous, but not clammy with glandular exudate (don't mistake
dew!- if clamy then not documented M. moschatus); leaves in basal rosette; calyx glabrous,
flowers scapose; corolla with red spots ..................................................................M. primuloides
9' Corolla purple or lavender; pedicles in fruit not distinctly ascending, and reaching only 10 mm or
less; corolla lobes obtuse (Sect. Monimanthe) ..................................... M. breweri - not documented
1' Pedicles shorter than or barely equal to calyx; corollas marcescent (withering and remaining attached for
some time); capsule dehiscing to base posteriorly (adaxially) and 2-way anteriorly (abaxialy) (Sugb.
Schizoplacus)
14. Capsule and calyx symmetrical and held in a straight line with the axis of the pedicle, dehiscent; plants
often erect and unbranched or with lateral branches elongating and equaling the main stem in height -
i.e. plants not tufted (Sect. Eunanus)
15. Stigma exserted, both paris or only longest pair of anthers exerted
..................................................................................................................................... M. nanus
13' Stigma included; both pairs of anthers included in corolla tube
................................................................................................................................. M. bigelovii
Mimulus bigelovii (A. Gray) A. Gray var. cuspidatus A.L. Grant
Occassional, loose soils in woodland, often on margins of shrub crowns, below 8000 ft throughout the range.
[Mimulus bigelovii (A. Gray) A. Gray var. bigelovii. misapplied] Includes Mimulus spissus A.L. Grant which
Holmgren (1984) treats as a distinct species. Inyo: Westgard Pass; narrows, 7000 ft, R.Bacigalupi & L.R.Heckard
8215 (JEPS29078); 7.4 mi W, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2663 (JEPS39008, UC1299978); 7 mi W, S. Schoenig 98
(UC1778591), D.M.Thompson 464 (JEPS86917, RSA535606); 6760 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al.9323 (JEPS55996);
6200 ft, L.R.Heckard & M.Morris 4276 (JEPS75397); 6500 ft, D.Thompson 455 (JEPS86847, RSA535610);
5700 ft, D.D. Keck 517 (UC423669, RSA194063)P.C. Everett & E. K. Balls 21957 (RSA110047); 7313 ft, R.S.
Woglum 3150 (RSA295246, SBBG50966) UTollhouse Springs, D.E. Breedlove 1010 (JEPS30992); Dedecker
661 (RSA615473) USilver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran 3446 (UC1297565); 7000 ft, P.A. Munz 12715 (RSA39712)
Umouth Black Canyon, 5000 ft, Duran 1933 (UC1297566) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft,
Duran 2691 (UC519605); L.C. Wheeler 7518 (RSA602925) UPayson Canyon, Mitchell & Lloyd 1740
(UC1282179); head, 5913 ft, Lloyd 2964 (UC1300055); 5000 ft, Dedecker 1755 (RSA615620) USilver
Canyon, 6500 ft, A.M. Alexander & L. Kellogg 4268 (UC736171); 5500 ft, L. Benson 5945 POM273179()
Ucanyon 1.45 mi NE Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3414 (UC1534843). Mono: mouth McAfee Creek, 5440
ft, Morefield 3063 (UC1523914, UCR44072) Umouth Furnace Creek, Morefield et al. 4410 (RSA437410)
UGunter Canyon, 5600 ft, L. Wiley 6350 (RSA626448) U1 mile S Mono County Line at Oasis, 5500 ft,
B.Ertter 6286 (UC1562910). Esmeralda: none (mapped regionally by Thompson 2005); Mineral: none
(mapped regionally by Thompson 2005)
Mimulus cardinalis Benth.
Occassional in sunny seepage areas below ca. 8000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Montenegro Springs,
6800 ft, Lloyd 3124 (UC1300314) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 786 (UC477361), 2875
(UC1297560), 3083 (RSA219717) USilver Canyon, 5100 ft, H.Money 240 (DS), 7000 ft, Mitchell 2450 (cited
by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: mouth McAfee Creek, 5350 ft, Morefield 4023 (UC1550060) UPiute Creek,
6500 ft, Dedecker 5598 (RSA626264). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Mimulus nanus Hooker & Arnott var. mephiticus (Greene) D.M. Thompson
Frequent in openings within scrub or woodland, altitudes at timberline and below, throughout the range.
Thompson (2005) treats Mimulus densus A.Grant and Mimulus coccineus Congdon as synonyms of this. The
latter two names have been applied to some specimens. Inyo:Westgard Pass, C. Davidson 4293
(RSA422235); D.M. Thompson 460 (RSA535798), N.H. & P.K. Holmgren 8693 (RSA292426); S.E. Schoenig 98
(UC1778578) 3.8 mi W , 6450 ft, Lloyd 2747 (JEPS30828) UWhite Mtn Rd, 8800 ft, Mitchell 2007 (cited by
Lloyd & Michell, not seen by Thompson 2005) UWyman Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1739 (UC1297561) UCedar
Flat, 7500 ft, Taylor 7075 (UC1736274). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9800 ft, Lloyd 2874 (UC1300130,
JEPS30829) R. Bacigalupi et al.8090 (JEPS28218, JEPS81927); 10000 ft, Mitchell 2166 (UC1299930); 9500
ft, Duran 1653 (UC1297562) UMcCloud Camp, 9450 ft, Taylor 13014 (JEPS) UMt. Barcroft, T.Spira 280
(JEPS85257) UCampito Meadow, 11000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7304 (JEPS8715), 7305 (JEPS8079) Umouth of
Marble Creek, 6600 ft, Morefield 3750 (UC1545559, UCR60174). Esmeralda:north of Pinyon Hill, 6500 ft,
Duran 2870 (UC) UChiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3073 (UC) Umouth Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft, Duran 3268
Mimulus floribundus Lindley var. floribundus
Uncommon on the margin of springs and streams below ca. 10000 ft. Inyo: Sams Spring Canyon, 5800 ft,
Morefield (Additions III). Mono: North Fork Cottonwood Creek 0.5 mi up from confluence Tres Plumas
Creek, 9350 ft, Taylor et al. 9131 (UC1540253). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Mimulus guttatus DC.
Frequent on the margin of springs and streams below ca. 10000 ft. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran M58
(UC1297564); A.A.Heller 8343 (UC162429) UWyman Creek, 7500 ft, Mitchell 2039 (UC1299825) UAntelope
Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 2987 (UC1300216); spring nearby, Morefield 1957 (RSA463753). Mono: Cottonwood
Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1600 (UC1297558 UMcCloud Camp, 9450 ft, Lloyd 2914 (UC1300306) ULeidy
Creek, 7050 ft, Morefield 4152 (UC1549858). UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek near Tres Plumas Creek
confluence, 9500 ft, Morefield et al. 4603 (UC1545477). Esmeralda:Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3092 (UC)
UTrail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2497 (UC). Mineral: none.
Mimulus montioides A. Gray

Uncommon on the margin of springs and streams below ca. 10000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono:1 mi up Coldwater
Canyon, 5450 ft, Morefield 3419 (UC1534847). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Mimulus parryi A. Gray
Frequent in openings within desert scrub or woodland on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Westgard
Pass road, 6400 ft, D.M. Thompson 1037 (JEPS86856, RSA535422), 6700 ft, 456 (RSA535443) & 463
(RSA535442), 7200 ft, 459 (JEPS86909, JEPS86913, RSA535444); 7000 ft, P.A. Munz 13513 (UC809735,
RSA49128); 4600 ft, S.E. Schoenig 98 (UC1778577); R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG66778) UCedar Flat, 7600 ft,
R.F. Thorne et al. 38692(RSA280129) UPayson Canyon, 5800 ft, Dedecker 1755 (RSA196096) UAntelope
Springs, Morefield 1897 (RSA463580). Mono:none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Mimulus primuloides Bentham ssp. primuloides
Frequent in wet meadows, increasing where grazed, at middle to high elevations in the central portion of the
range. Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Crooked Creek, 10100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7266 (JEPS11053) UCrooked
Creek, 9800 ft, Lloyd 2893 (UC1300100); 10100 ft, Lloyd 3111 (UC1300249), 3081 (UC1311789); lab, 10120
ft, J.M.Tucker 2254 (UC978104); 9500 ft, Duran 1581 (UC1297573); J.C. Roos s.n. (RSA659603) U4.8 mi E
Crooked Creek lab, 9500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8080 (JEPS28208); 3 mi E, K.K. Muller 1070 (SBBG45755)
UPoison Creek, 8900 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1722 (UC1282187) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran 2837
Mimulus parishii Greene
Uncommon on the margin of springs and streams on the far southerly end of the range. Inyo:Sams Spring
Canyon, 5800 ft, Morefield 2025 (WMRS, Additions III) is our only record
Mimulus rubellus A. Gray
Frequent in openings within desert scrub or pinyon woodland throughout the range. Inyo:Westgard Pass
road, 4600 ft, S.E. Schoenig 98 (UC1778579) U1 mile E Westgard Pass, 7000 ft, P.A.Munz 13527 (RSA49133)
UMollie Gibson Mine road, Dedecker 6483 (RSA627312), 6484 (RSA627311).Silver Canyon, 6500 ft, Lloyd
2836 (UC1300108) U1.45 mi NE Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3380 (UC1535097, RSA387489), 3385
(UC1535102) UW face Black Mtn, 4300 ft, Morefield 3345 (UC1535177, RSA387801) Mono: mouth Marble
Creek, Hammil Valley, 6600 ft, Morefield 3751 (UC1545560). Esmeralda: mouth Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft,
Duran 3276 (UC).
Mimulus suksdorfii A. Gray
Occassional in vernally moist sites with low herbaceous cover at middle altitudes into the alpine throughout
the range. Inyo: head Wyman Canyon, 10500 ft, J.&L. Roos 5854 (RSA71737) Mono:Campito Meadow,
10500 ft, Dedecker 5495 (RSA625347) UBig Prospector Meadow, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7262 (JEPS8716)
UPiute Mtn, 11600 ft, Lloyd 3289 (UC1033257) UCrooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, J.M.Tucker 3423
(UC1058576) Silver Canyon, 8700 ft, Lloyd 2841 (UC1300109).Barcroft lab, 12400 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al.
8139 (JEPS29008); T.Spria 393 (JEPS85261); Taylor 9149 (UC1736250) UWhite Mtn Peak, 13800 ft,
R.Bacigalupi et al. 8182 (JEPS29051) UWhite Mtn Rd, 12300 ft, Lloyd 3307 (UC1300268) UMcAfee
Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran 585 (UC439843), B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26144 (UC701545) Uhead Cottonwood
drainage, 12000 ft, Dedecker 2228 (RSA617013) UWhite Mtn Peak, 12000 ft, Duran 1641 (UC709730).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran M59 (UC) UMustang Mountain, 10200 ft, Taylor 15250 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Mimulus tilingii Regel
Uncommon on the margin of springs and snowmelt streams at timberline, descending to ca. 8000 ft growing
in the active channel of creeks. Inyo: none. Mono: Leidy Creek, 7600 ft, Morefield 4146 (UC1549853)
Usouth fork McAfee Creek, 10800 ft, Morefield 4079 (UC1549870) UMcAfee Meadow, 11400 ft, A.C. Shelton
s.n. (UC445216). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 3106 (UC). Mineral: none.
Pedicularis L. Lousewort
Reference: L.W. Macior. 1977. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 104:148-154; 1970. Amer. J. Bot. 57:715-728.
1' Leaves deeply lobed to compound; lateral calyx lobes not united; corolla pink, upper corolla with a long trunk-
like beak; racemes well exceeding the leaves
2. Inflorescence villous, beak 3-5 mm long ..................................................................................... P. attollens
2' Inflorescence glabrous, beak 7-12 mm long not documented............................................. P. groenlandica
1' Leaves serrate but not lobed; lateral calyx lobes united and seemingly only 2; flowers white
not documented ......................................................................................................................... P. crenulata ‚
Pedicularis attollens A. Gray
Occasional in meadows, wet alpine sites, throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Cottonwood Creek, 11000 ft, Duran 1626 (UC1297551); 11700 ft, Duran M81 (UC1297552) UMcAfee
Creek, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3315 (UC1300276); J.Grinnell s.n. (UC447216); B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26087
(UC701542); Duran 589 (UC439847); W.L. Jepson 7831 (JEPS10714); Sharsmith 7848 (SJSU6191)
UBarcroft lab, 12500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282582); J.M.Tucker 2256 (UC984790) Usouth end Pellisier
Flat, 12400 ft, Mitchell 2212 (UC1299890). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Penstemon Mitch. Beardtongue

Reference: N.H. Holmgren. 1984. Intermountain Flora 4:370-457.
see also Keckiella for the shrubby beardtongues
1. Anthers densely long-woolly (Sect. Erianthera)
2. Anthers exserted, flowers rose-red not documented .......................................................... P. newberryi
2’ Anthers included, flowers blue
not documented................................................................................................................. P. davidsonii
1' Anthers glabrous or at most hispid, never long woolly
3’ Anthers dehising only across the confluent apex of the two cells, leaving the proximal ends indehiscent,
thus forming a horseshoe shape
4. Flowers blue to violet, never red Sect. Saccahtnera
5= Aanther sacs 1.7-1.9 mm, dehiscing <a-length; cauline leaves well developed
eastern Sierran endemic, not documented ................................................................ P. papillatus ‚
5= Anther sacs 1.4-1.7 mm long; dehiscing 2-length; leaves strictly basal
................................................................................................................... P. scapioides ‚
4’ Flowers red Sect. Bridgesiani ....................................................................................P. rostriflorus
3’ Anthers dehising fully and widely spreading, or dehising via slits along the length of the anther, the cells
widely spreading to divergent after dehising
6. Anthers dehising via slits along the length of the anther, the portion of the confluent apex of the cells
indehiscent, the valves diverging at ±120-degree angle
Sect. Glabri ................................................................................................................. P. speciosus
6’ Anthers dehising fully and widely spreading, the confluent portion fully dehising, the valves
spreading widely apart
7. Stems and leaves below inflorescence pubescent but not glandular Sect. Cristati
8= Corolla gradually expanding upwards into the throat; staminode included, not coiled at tip
.............................................................................................................................P. monoensis
8. Corolla abruptly and widely expanded into the throat; staminoid exserted, coiled at tip
...................................................................................................... P. barnebyi ‚
7’ Stems below inflorescence glabrous or glandular
9. Leaves entire; flowers 12-20 mm long; short herbs <5 dm tall
10. Corolla palate glabrous Sect. Gentianoides
.................................................................................................................................... P. patens
10. Corolla palate hairy Sect. Penstemon
11. Flowers white or exceedily pale; sand dunes
not documented .........................................................................................P. arenarius
11’ Flowers blue
12. Inflorescence ±secund, without definite whorls of flowers (verticillasters)
calyx 3-6 mm; corolla 11-15 mm ................................................................... P. humilis
12’ Inflorescence with definite whorls of flowers (verticillasters)
13 Corolla 9-14 mm, inflorescence not glandular; meadows................. P. rydbergii
13. Corolla 10-16 mm long,inflorescence glandular ......................... P. heterodoxus
9 Leaves dentate, sometimes obscurely; corolla 20-40 mm long;
tall herbs 6-15 dm tall Sect. Spectabilis
14. Upper cauline leaves connate-perfoliate; corolla tube 4-6 mm long ................. P. palmeri
14’ Upper cauline leaves petiolate; corolla tube 7-12 mm long
15. Corolla pink; plants >1m tall, leaves oblanceolate
.............................................................................................................................P. floridus
16= Corolla 21-27 mm, expanded gradually into throat, mouth perpendicular to axis of
the tube................................................................................P. floridus var. austinae
16= Corolla 24-30 mm, abruptly expanded into throat, mouth oblique to axis of
the tube..................................................................................P. floridus var. floridus
15. Corolla violet; plants subshrubs 2-8 dm tall; leaves linear
.not documented..............................................................................................P. incertus
Penstemon barnebyi N. Holmgren – Rupert Barneby=s beardtongue
Uncommon on calcareous substrates in desert scrub to lower pinyon woodland: see Morefield & Taylor, 1988
Madrono 35(2):164-165; also documuented from the Silver Peak Range just to our east. ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚
Inyo: none. Mono: Busher Creek, 5910 ft, Morefield & Turner-Jones 4830 (RSA424884). Esmeralda:

Penstemon floridus Brandegee var. austinii (Eastw.) N. Holmgren – Panamint beard-tongue
Uncommon and scattered in our region compared to var. floridus. Cronquist et al. (1984) attribute var.
austinii to the Whites, although all of the NY and UC material of this taxon originates from stations south
and or east of our region, which suggests that confirmation of this taxon locally is required. Inyo: none.
Mono: Birch Creek, 5600 ft, Mitchell 2012 (cited in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) USilver Canyon, 6000 ft,
H.Mooney 127 (DS, cited in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWyman Canyon, 8400 ft, H.Mooney 324 (DS, cited in
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Penstemon floridus Brandegee var. floridus – Esmeralda beard-tongue
Frequent in gravelly washes on the lower flanks of the range, sporadically along roadsides, below ca. 8000 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG66506, SBBG66559), W. Hopkins s.n.
(SBBG66508); A. Cronquist 11676 (NY593841), R.S. Woglam 3161 (RSA650932, SBBG50899); Dedecker 6121
(RSA626424), R. M. Straw 695 (NY593850, UC1043485); narrows, 7000 ft, R.Bacigalupi & L.R.Heckard 8218
(JEPS29081) UTollhouse Springs, 5400 ft, L.R.Heckard & M.Morris 4277 (JEPS78795); near Batchelder
Spring, C. Annable & D. Waterbury 2531 (RSA668337, NY44055) UCedar Flat, A.M.Alexander & L. Kellogg
2495 (UC669965, UC669976) U4 mi W Westgard pass, 6400 ft, Lloyd 2715 (UC1299944, NY593843); J. &
L. Roos 5084 (NY593852, UC1010176) UPayson Canyon (14.2 miles northeast of Zurich), 6350 ft,
P.C.Everett & E.K. Balls 21906 (UC1075621); 6500 ft, D.D.Keck 548 (UC690366) U10 mi NE Big Pine on
Westgard Pass Pd, 6500 ft, D.D.Keck 527 (UC690313) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 583 (UC439842),
2692 (JEPS35511) Uvicinity Antelope Springs, Morefield & A. Tiehm 2029 (NY593839) UMollie Gibson
Canyon, B. Ertter & J. Strachan 3014 (NY593838) USilver Canyon, 7000 ft, Mitchell 2343 (cited in Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973); L. Benson 5970 (POM283501) UWyman Canyon - Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Duran 1698
(UC1297519); 6 miles up, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26028 (NY593842) UWhite Mtn Rd. A.M.Volmer &
L.Beane 197 (UC439842). Mono: east of Benton, 6500 ft, E.C.Jaeger s.n. (UC1055734) Umouth Milner
Creek, 5800 ft, Morefield &D.H.McCarty 3709 (UC1545585, UCR60049, NY593840). Esmeralda: Chiatovich
Creek, P.C. Train 3927 (NY593831) UPinchot Canyon, J.L. Reveal 619 (NY593836); Mineral: none.
Penstemon heterodoxus A. Gray var. heterodoxus
Frequent in moist sites, meadow borders, mesic subalpine or alpine settings, throughout the range. Inyo:
Reed Flat, P.A.Munz 21022 (UC1075856, NY601581). Mono: White Mountains, 10000-13000 ft,
W.H.Shockley 467 (JEPS11482, US47226. type material of P. depressus Greene, a synonym) UCampito
Meadow, W.L. Jepson 7287 (JEPS11579) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1534 (UC1297527); 10000 ft,
Lloyd 3096 (UC1311780) USheep Mtn, 11800 ft, Lloyd 3263 (UC1300148); 11500 ft, S.F.Cook s.n.
(UC1318266); W.L. Jepson 7313 (JEPS11578) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, 12000 ft, B.Maguire &
A.Holmgren 26103 (UC701546) UCrooked Creek lab, 10000 ft, J.M.Tucker 2234 (UC984788); B. Maguire & A.
Holmgren 26025 (NY601545) Uvicinity Tres Plumas Flat, 10080 ft, Morefield 2255 (NY601553) Unear
Barcrfot Lab, 12500 ft, J.M.Tucker 2259 (UC984792); T.Spria 401 (JEPS85266); S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1282648);
R.Bacigalupi et al. 8115 (JEPS26700); K.K. Muller 1059 (UCR36275); Dedecker 1255 (RSA624134) UMt.
Barcroft, Taylor 5202 (JEPS101487); C.W. Sharsmith 7852 (SJSU6187) UMcAfee Meadow, 12000 ft, Duran
1675 (UC1297529), 2806 (UC477364, NY601552); W.L.Jepson 7398 (JEPS11577); J.&L. Roos 5135
(NY601563) UWhite Mountain Peak, K.&M. Heil 8475 (SJNM19340) UPellisier Flats, 12800 ft, Mitchell 2209
(UC1299891, NY601541) Uupper Middle Creek, 11010 ft, Morefield et al. 4247 (UC1549980, NY601554).
Penstemon humilis A. Gray var. humilis
Uncommon, pinyon woodland in the far northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono:>Benton trip=
W.H.Shockley 120 (JEPS13710). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft, Lankester & Edwards 899 (BM).
Mineral: Montgomery Pass, H.D.D.Ripley & R.C.Barneby 3705 (CAS); Duran 3280 (UC), M.E.Jones 1897 (UC);
A.A. Heller 10511 (NY603662).
Penstemon monoensis A.A. Heller
Uncommon in desert scrub and lower canyon slopes on the western flank of the range. Inyo: below
Tollhouse Spring, A.Eastwood & J.T.Howell 9567 (CAS) UBlack Canyon at Marble Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran
2718 (UC1297523, JEPS35510) USilver Canyon, 6000 ft, Duran 3445 (UC1297522) Uw base Black
Mountain, 4450 ft, Morefield 3333 (UC1535166, NY609516). Mono: Milner Creek, 5500 ft, Duran M79 (cited
by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) USouthern Belle Mine, base of White Mtns, A.A.Heller 8331 (type materaial
GH91358, NY91183, UC162412, CAS906) USilver Canyon, A.A. Heller s.n. (NY609519); K.Brandegee s.n. in
1913 (UC169566); 5750 ft, Morefield 3421 (UC1534849, UCR47446, NY609518) U1.7 mi NE Poleta Mine,
5100 ft, Morefield 3406 (UC1534834, UCR47433, NY609517). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Penstemon newberryi A.Gray var. newberryi
A single, old [probably collected in July, 1888] specimen attributed to the White Mountains (Mrs. J. H.
Harcourt s.n.,JEPS7243, JEPS11225), is a dubious, and herein rejected, record. The provenance of the
specimens is likely to have been accessioned via W.H. Shockley material.
Penstemon palmeri A. Gray var. palmeri A. Gray
Documented by a single collection, Esmeralda: 8 miles N of Dyer, R. Spellenberg 2856 (NY629255). This
native is reported (Holmgren 1984) to be expanding its range, and our occurrence may be a waif or otherwise
a recent introduction.
Penstemon patens (M.E. Jones) N. Holmgren
Uncommon in desert scrub and lower canyon slopes on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Westgard
Pass, N.H.&P.K. Holmgren 13088 (NY630034), R.S. Wolgum 3179 (SBBG50897), D.D. Keck 546 (UC584104,
POM223565), E.C. Jaeger s.n. (UCR20630); above narrows, 6800 ft, Lloyd 2757 (UC1300037); 6900 ft,
N.N.&P.K.Holmgren 8694 (UC1583278, NY630032) UCedar Flat, 7200 ft, H.Mooney 678 (DS); Duran 3287
(UC1297526, JEPS23978, NY630040); A.M. Alexander & L. Kellogg 2490 (UC669966) Uvicinity Pinyon
picnic area, D. Charleton 159 (UCR43279) Uhead of Black Canyon, 9500 ft, H.Mooney 328 (DS); F.V. Coville
1793 (NY630036) UMillie Gibson Mine, Morefield 2053 (NY630026) USilver Canyon, 8850 ft, H.Mooney 308
(DS). Mono: mouth Cottonwood Canyon, B. McIntosh s.n. (UCR21111); Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Penstemon rostriflorus Kellogg [syn. P. bridgesii A. Gray]
Frequent in dry openings in pinyon woodland or sagebrush canyon settings, throughout the range. Inyo:
Westgard Pass, A.M. Alexander & L. Kellogg 2494 (UC669978), R.S. Woglum 3162 (SBBG50896), R. Hoffmann
s.n. (SBBG66476); 1 mile W , 6500 ft, Duran 2799 (UC1297528, JEPS35509); narrows, C.W. Tilforth & W.
Wisra 1475 (RSA265686); w side, D.D. Keck 526 (UC690217) UMollie Gibson Canyon, 7100 ft, Lloyd 2947
(UC1300064); Mitchell & Lloyd 1733 (UC1282173) UBlack Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran s.n. (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973), 581 (UC439839) UWyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Duran 1738 (UC1297521), J.&L. Roos 5848
(NY650664); 6 miles up, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26029 (UC739229, NY650677) USilver Canyon, W.L.
Jepson 7202 (NY650480). Mono: south fork Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, H.Mooney 455 (DS) Uvicinity
Patriarch Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4321 (UCR121741) Ueast of Benton, 6500 ft, E.C.Jaeger s.n. (UC1055735).
Esmeralda: Post Meadow, Indian Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2572 (UC). Mineral: none.
Penstemon rydbergii Nelson var. oreocharis (Greene) N. Holmgren
Uncommon on dryer margin of wet meatows in the central portion of the range near timberline. Inyo: none;
Mono: none. Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft, Lankester & Edwards 809 (BM) UChiatovich Creek, 7500
ft, Duran 582. (NY650892, UC); 8770 ft, Morefield et al. 4563 (NY650868). Mineral: none.
Penstemon scapoides D. Keck
Common, endemic to pinyon woodland on the far southern end of the range, ranging south into the adjacent
northern portion of the Inyo Mountains. ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo: Westgard Pass, D.D. Keck 545 (holotype
UC423648, isotype NY130503), 6700 ft, Duran 2798 (UC1297524, JEPS23968, NY651592); P.A.Munz 13539
(UC809746, RSA49536), A. Cronquist 11687 (NY651572), C.R. Annable, & D.Waterbury 2533 (RSA667992),
J.W. Hopkins s.n. (SBBG66556); 1.3 mi N on White Mtn Rd, 7450 ft, P.C.Everett & E.K.Balls 21911
(UC1075588, RSA109893); 7300 ft, Lloyd 2894 (UC1300099) UMollie Gibson Canyon, 7900 ft, Mitchell &
Lloyd 1735 (UC1282174); B. Ertter & J. Strachan 3017 (NY651571) UBirch Creek canyon, Morefield & A.
Tiehm 2014 (NY651573) UCedar Flat, 7300 ft, A.M.Alexander & L.Kellogg 2491 (UC669986, UC665572,
RSA667992, POM179235, NY651591); R.F. Thorne et al. 38688 (RSA281008); K.A. Vincent & C.A. Labbe 4385
(NY651579), 4386 (NY651580), 4428 (NY651581) UWhite Mountain Rd, 8100 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 2443
(UC1299858) UGrandview Campground, D.C. Michener 3996 (RSA285601), M. Williams 76-681(NY651578)
UColdwater Spring, 9600 ft, Morefield 4066 (UC1550048, RSA463616, NY651574); R.S. Woglum 3169
(RSA650935) UReed Flat, 10300 ft, P.A.Munz 21038 (UC1075831, RSA113218, NY651593); 10000 ft,
J.&L.Roos 5122 (UC1010185, RSA71671, NY651575) USchulman Grove, N.H. & P.K.Holmgren 6249
(NY651585) UWyman Canyon, 9500 ft, Duran 1737 (UC1297525); B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26160
(UC701617); 10000 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26160 (UC701616, NY651587); 9000 ft, J.& L. Roos 5853
(RSA71736, NY651576). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Penstemon speciosus Lindley
Common in open rocky sites, steep slopes, from upper desert scrub to near timberline, throughout the
range. Inyo:3.8 mi W Westgard Pass, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2739 (UC1300045) UWyman Canyon Rd 1.5 mi E
White Mtn Rd, 9350 ft, Lloyd 3051 (UC1300237) UWyman Canyon, 7650 ft, Lloyd 2807 (UC1300010); 9600
ft, Morefield 2160 (NY660815); 16 mi up, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26045 (UC701582, NY660850); head,
P.A. Munz 21049 (NY661043) USchulman Grove, 10000 ft, H.Mooney 375 (DS); G.K. Helmkamp 4290
(UCR121970) UReed Flat, 10200 ft, J.&L. Roos 5834 (NY660822) Mono: White Mountains, 12000 ft,
W.H.Shockley 448 (UC193800, JEPS11503) UCampito Meadow, W.L. Jepson 7288 (JEPS11381) UCrooked
Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1571 (UC1297517); 10000 ft, Lloyd 3216 (UC1311762); 9500 ft, K.K. Muller 1057
(SBBG33133, UCR139444) Unortheast flank Campito Mountain, 10800 ft, H.Mooney 479 (DS) UPatriarch
Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4316 (UCR121754) UCottonwood Basin, T.S. Elias & K. Teare 10470 (NY661003)
UDavis Canyon, 10400 ft, Duran 3107 (NY660612) UChiatovich Flats, 10300 ft, Duran 2559 (UC1297518);
Lloyd 2559 (UC1297518). Esmeralda County Trail Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 2755 (UC) Ubase Boundary
Peak, A.P. Pinzl 3535 (NY660663) UMustang Mountain, 10170 ft, Morefield 4062 (NY660554) Uvicinity Sand
Spring, 5980 ft, Morefield et al. 4396 (NY660555). Mineral: Montgomery Pass, A.A. Heller 10497
(NY660564), H.D.D. Ripley & R. Barneby 3733 (NY660652).
Scrophularia L.
Scrophularia desertorum (Munz) Shaw
Scattered in rocky crevices, outcrops, below timberline throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass narrows,
6700 ft, R.Bacigalupi & L.R. Heckard 3512 (JEPS7476); C. Davidson 2350 (UCR143230); 5200 ft, R.G.
Swinney 744 (UCR60889); R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG66442) USilver Canyon, 6000 ft, H.A.Mooney 124 (DS)
UWyman Canyon, 7000 ft, Mooney 864 (DS); Roberts Ranch, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2786 (UC1300022); 6 mi up,
B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26026 (UC701856) UBlack Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran s.n. (UC439837). Mono:
Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1577 (UC1297550); 9800 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8091 (JEPS28219); 10000
ft, Lloyd 3187 (UC1311778). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Verbascum L. Mullen
*Verbascum thapsus L. - Turkey Mullen.
Occassional weed of moist canyon bottom settings, grazed meadows, springs, and roadsides in the flanking
valley bottoms bodering the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Pellisier Creek, 6050 ft, Morefield 4351 (WMRS,
Additions IV). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Veronica L. Speedwell
References: S.M. Walters & D.A. Webb. 1972. Flora Europea 3:242-251; F.W. Pennell. 1921. Rhodora 23:1-22; 29-41.
1. Inflorescences axillary, never terminating the main stem; herbage glabrous (Subg. Veronica)
2. Leaves all petiolate
3. Pedicles 3-5 mm long; capsule notch 0.2-0.3 mm deep; racemes 6-15 flowered
....................................................................................... V. becccabunga - Not documented in the Whites
3' Pedicles 5-10 mm long; capsule without a notch; racemes 10-25 flowered ......................... V. americana
2' Leaves sessile, the lowest rarely subpetiolate
4. Capsules wider than long, deeply notched 0.4-1.0 mm deep; racemes alternate
.................................................................................................................. V. scutellata - not documented
4' Capsules longer than wide, entire or notched <0.3 mm; racemes opposite
5. Leaves elliptic to ovate 1.5-3x long as wide; corolla 3-5 mm, pink; capsule notch 0.1-0.3 mm
................................................................................................................... V. catenata - Not documented
5' Leaves lanceolate, 3-5x long as wide; corolla 5-10 mm, lavender with violet lines, capsule notch <0.1
mm......................................................................................................................... V. anagallis-aquatica
1' Inflorescences terminal on the main stem, sometimes also in the next lower nodes; stems pubescent (Subg.
Veronicella)
6. Perennials with rhizomes
7. Capsule exceeding the calyx, longer than wide, 4.5-6.5 mm long; corolla 6-10 mm wide
.............................................................................................................. V. wormskjoldii - Not documented
7' Capsule not exceeding calyx; broader than long, 2.8-3.7 mm long; corolla 4-8 mm wide
............................................................................................................................................V. serpyllifolia
6' Annuals; pedicles short, 0.5-1.5 mm long, calyx 3-6 mm long; notch of capsule 0.2-0.5 mm deep, calyx
segments equal; corolla white .................................................................................................... V. peregrina
Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. American Brooklime.
Common, shallow water of springs and streams below 10000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman
Canyon, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2037 (UC1300159); Roberts Ranch, Lloyd 3043 (UC1300230). Mono:Crooked
Creek, 9900 ft, Lloyd 3280 (UC1300256); E.R. Blakley 3555 (JEPS32937, SBBG12423) U1.4 mi below
Crooked Creek lab, 9800 ft, R.Bacigalupi & L.R.Heckard 8089 (JEPS28217); 3 mi below, K.K. Muller 1075
(SBBG43232) UCottonwood Creek, 9000 ft, Duran 1597 (UC1297548). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500
ft, Duran 2768 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2523 (UC). Mineral: none.
*Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Water Speedwell.
Infrequent, met mucky soils and shallow water, below 10500 ft in the southerly half of the range.
Inyo:spring just S mouth Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3673 (UC1545590). Mono:Crooked Creek cave,
10000 ft, Lloyd 3233 (UC1311749). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Veronica peregrina L. ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell
Uncommon in seasonally moist sites on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2789 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2522 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Veronica serpyllifolia L. ssp. humifusa (Dickson) Syme Sprawling speedwell.
Moist shaded forest, streambanks, below 10500 ft Inyo: none. Mono: Cabin Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 2551
(JEPS35506). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft, Lankester 715 (BM). Mineral: none.
SIMAROUBACEAE - Quassia Family (SMR - 139)

Ailanthus Desf.
*Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle - Tree-of-Heaven.
Persisting from cultivation in mesic sites, below 7000 ft. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 5871 ft, Lloyd 3335A
(UC1300299) is our only known site.
SOLANACEAE - Potato Family (SOL- 256)

Key to Genera
1. Corolla tubular
2. Fruit a berry; divaricately branched shrubs ................................................................... Lycium box-thorne
2' Fruit a capsule
3. Capsule prickly; flowers >50 cm long .................................................................... Datura Jimson weed
3' Capsule smooth; flowers <8 cm long
4' Corolla funnelform; seeds angeled ........................................................................ Nicotiana tobacco
4' Corolla tubular; seeds winged .............................................................................................Oryctes ‚
1' Corolla rotate
4. Fruiting calyx expanded and enclosing the berry; corolla yellow with purple spots
not documented in the Whites ......................................................................................... Physalis tomatillo
4' Fruiting calyx not expanded
5. Anthers adherent and > filaments .......................................................................... Solanum nightshade
5' Anthers separated and < filaments
not documented ...................................................................... Chamaesaracha nana (A. Gray) A. Gray
Datura L. Thorne-Apple, Jimson Weed

Datura wrightii Regel
Infrequent waif along roadsides throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass road narrows, Taylor &
DeDecker 1982 (Additions I) is the only report. A voucher was not found.
Lycium L. Box Thorne

1. Branchlets glandular puberulent; corolla 9-12 mm, the lobes with strongly revolute margins; fruit dry yellow to
orange, with two transverse grooves near middle not documented................................................... L. cooperi
1' Branchlets glabrous; fruit without lateral sutures
2' Flowers 4-merous; frruit dry and hard, 2-4 seeded .................................................................... L.shockleyi
2' Flowers 5-merous; fruit red and fleshy ......................................................................................L. andersonii
Lycium andersonii A. Gray
Frequent shrub along washes in desert scrub, below ca. 7000 ft. Inyo: Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran s.n.
(UC not found) Ufirst canyon S of Silver Canyon, 5000 ft, H.Mooney 700 (DS) Uridge N of Silver Canyon,
5800 ft, H.Mooney 195B (DS). Mono: Southern Belle Mine, 1 mi up Coldwater Canyon, 5450 ft, Morefield
3415 (UC1534844, UCR47438, ARIZ279356). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Lycium cooperi A. Gray
Reported, attributed to Douglas Powell, in Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) but not vouchered, and perhaps this
report pertains to L. shockelyi.
Lycium shockelyi A. Gray - Candelaria box-thorn.
Infrequent shrub of desert scrub on the northeast flanks of the range below 6500 ft. Inyo: none; Mono:
none; Esmeralda: Fishlake Valley, 5270 ft, Morefield 1942 (Additons IV). Mineral: none.
Nicotiana L. Tobacco
1 Flowers yellow; shrubs or feeble trees not documented ................................................................... N. glauca
1' Flowers white, herbs
2. Cauline leaves sessile and clasping; flowers diurnal; genereally perennial
................................................................................................................................................. N. obtusifolia
2' Cauline leaves petiolate; stamens inserted well below middle of corolla tube
3. Plants sticky glandular; calyx with dark green stripes ............................. N. acuminata - Not documented
3' Plants not sticky (occasionally sparsely glandular); calyx not striped ................................... N. attenuata
Nicotiana attenuata Torrey
Inyo: Wyman Creek, 5900 ft, Mitchell 2156 (UC1299916); near mouth, R.S.Ferris 6911 (POM) UPayson
Canyon, 5913 ft, Lloyd 2969 (UC1300331) UMontenergo Springs, 7000 ft, Mitchell 2145 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973). Mono: Oasis, 5400 ft, P.V.Wells 100 (UC1245810). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran
Nicotiana obtusifolia Martens & Galeotti
Infrequent in washes on the southerly end of the range. [syn. N. trigonophylla Dunal ex DC] Inyo: mouth
Beer Creek, 5330 ft, Morefield (Additions II). Mono: Oasis, 5400 ft, C. Ferris 67 (UC570699). Esmeralda:
Oryctes S. Watson. Nevada Tobacco

Oryctes nevadensis S. Watson - Nevada tobacco.
Rare, sand dunes and very sandy soils on the southerly flanks of the range below 7000 ft ‚ CNPS List 1B.2 ‚
Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Fishlake Valley, 5180 ft, Morefield 3939 (Addtions IV). Mineral: none.
Solanum L. Nightshade
*Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner
Inyo: Montenergo Springs, 7000 ft, Mitchell 2146 (WMRS) is the only report.
TAMARICACEAE - Tamarisk Family (TAM - 191)

Tamarix L.
1. Leaves sheathing the stem, the twigs appearing ‘jointed’ (cf. Juniperus)
documented in the Owens Valley - to be expected our area .............................................................. T. aphylla
1' Leaves not overlapping, not clasping
2. Flowers 4-merous; sepals 1-1.5 mm long - to be expected our area.............................T. parviflora
2’ Flowers 5-merous, sepals < 1 mm long
3. Racemes 3-4 mm broad, sepals erose or denticulate; petals 1-2 m long ..............T. ramosissima
3’ Racemes 5-7 mm braod, sepals entire; petals 1.5-2.5 mm long...............................T. chinensis
*Tamarix chinensis Lour.
Occassional in seasonally wet washes on the lower flanks of the range. Most New World plants are hybrids
with T. chinensis, and the parental characters become blended. Mono: canyon S of Piute Creek, 5070 ft,
Morefield 2209 (NY242035). Esmeralda: Busher Creek canyon, 5400 ft, Morefield 4016 (NY243036).
*Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.
Occassional in seasonally wet washes on the lower flanks of the range. Most New World plants are hybrids
with T. chinensis, and the parental characters become blended. Inyo: near Antelope Springs, 5660 ft,
Morefield (Additions II).
ULMACEAE - Elm Family (ULM - 64)

Ulmus L. Elm
1. Leaves doubly serrate; lower leaf surface or veins pubescent .......................................................... U. procera
1' Leaves simply serrate; lower leaf surface glabrous or hairs only in vein axils
planted about Bishop - not documented our region U. pumila
*Ulmus procera Salisbury – English elm

Waif from cultivation in the flanking valley bottom communities. [Ulmus minor Miller, misapplied; U.
carpinifolia Gledistsch, applied by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973] Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 5971 ft, Lloyd 3328A
(UC1300284, NY500463) UJuly Gold Canyon (first canyon N Poleta Canyon), Taylor (obs.) Ucanyon near
Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3408 (UC1534837, NY500466).
URTICACEAE - Nettle Family (URT - 66)

Urtica L. Nettle
Urtica dioica L. ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne - Stinging Nettle.
Occassional large clones in riparian sites below about 10500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon,
7000 ft, Duran 1524 (UC1297362); 6500 ft, P.Kamb 1255 (UC1178487) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon,
Duran 1703 (UC1297357); Lloyd 3036 (UC1300233, NY500605); Morefield 2179 (NY500606). Mono: North
Fork Crooked Creek, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7344 (JEPS43429) ULeidy Creek, 7050 ft, Morefield 4149
(UC1549856, NY500607). Esmeralda:Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3098 (NY500583). Mineral: none.
VALERIANACEAE - Valerian Family (VAL - 273)

Key to Genera
1. Perennial; calyx lobes becoming plumose in fruit; flowers white; stamens 3, cauline leaves pinnately lobed
........................................................................................................................................................ Valeriana
1' Annual; calyx absent not documented .......................................................................... Plectritis macrocera
Valeriana L. Valerian
1' Corolla throat "= lobes, cream white not documented ................................................................. V. californica
1' Corolla throat 2x> lobes, white to pale pink .................................................................................. V. pubicarpa
Valeriana pubicarpa Rydb.
Uncommon in mesic canyon settings on the eastern flank of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 7500 ft, Lankester 852 (BM) UDavis Ranch, Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Shockley
518 (JEPS); 9500 ft, Duran 3102 (UC). Mineral: none.
VIOLACEAE - Violet Family (VIO - 198)

Viola L. Violet, Pansy
Viola nephrophylla Greene - Blue marsh violet.
Rare in meadows and riparian sites below 7000 ft on the southerly end of the range. [syn. Viola sororia Willd.
ssp. affinis (Le Conte) R.J. Little] Inyo: Marble Canyon of Black Canyon, 5800 ft, Duran 2722 (UC1297452,
NY224485). Mono: Pellisier Creek, 6450 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4355 (NY224460) UMarble Creek, 5220
ft, Morefield 4386 (NY224486). Esmeralda: Indian Creek, T.E. Lankester 740 (BM, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell
1973); Mineral: none.
VISCACEAE - Mistletoe Family (VIS - 68a)

Key to Genera
1. Young stems angled; leaf blade <1mm; pedicles recurved; fruits dehiscence explosive
....................................................................................................................... Arceuthobium dwarf mistletoe
1' Young stems rounded; leaf blade >5mm; pedicles straight; fruits not explosively dispersing
...................................................................................................................................Phoradendron mistletoe
Arceuthobium M. Bieb. Dwarf Mistletoe

References:
F.G. Hawksworth & D. Weins. 1972. U.S.D.A. Agricultural Handbook 401.
F.G. Hawksworth, D. Weins & D.I. Nickrent. 1992. Novon 2(3):204-211.
1. Parasites on Ponderosa (P. ponderosa) or Jeffrey Pines (P. jeffreyi) not documented........ A. campylopodum
1' Parasites on pinyoñ pine (P. monophylla)................................................................................... A. divaricatum
1" Parasites on whitebark (P. albicaulis) or limber pine (P. flexilis) not documented ................... A. cyanocarpum
1’"Parasites on lodgepole pine (P. contorta) not documented ........................................................ A. americanum
Arceuthobium divaricatum Engelmann
Inyo: none. Mono: Jeffrey Mine Canyon, on pinyon, 7600 ft, Dedecker 5239 (RSA624836). Esmeralda:
Phoradendron Nutt. Mistletoe

1. Leaves scalelike, blades 1-5 mm long; parasites on Pinyoñ (Pinus monophylla) or juniper (Juniperus sp.)
.................................................................................................................................................... P. juniperinum
1' Leaves foliaceous, blades >5mm; pistillate spikes with 2 flowers at each joint; leaves 2-5 mm wide, 10-15
mm long, on Pinyoñ or juniper .......................................................................................................... P. densum
Phoradendron densum Trel.
Inyo: Marble Canyon at Black Canyon, 5700 ft, on Juniperus osteroserma, Duran 2885 (cited by Lloyd &
Mitchell 1973) is the only record.
Phoradendron juniperinum A. Gray
Inyo: Grandview Mine, 8100 ft, on Juniperus osteroserma, Lloyd 3026 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) is the
only record.
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE - Caltrop Family (ZYG - 136)

Key to Genera
1. Resinous shrubs; fruits white-pubescent
....................................................................................................................................... Larrea creosote bush
1' Prostrate annual herbs; fruits bur-like ........................................................................... Tribulus puncture vine
Larrea Ruiz & Pavon

Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. - Creosote bush.
Scattered shrub of lower elevation sandy to gravelly soils on the valley bottoms flanking the far southerly
portion of the range. Inyo: mouth Wyman Canyon, Deep Springs Valley, 5500 ft, Morefield (Additions II).
Tribulus L.
*Tribulus terrestris L. - Puncture vine.
Scattered weed of road edges and other disturbed, compacted soil sites below about 8000 ft. Inyo:
Tollhouse Springs, 5971 ft, Lloyd 3334A (UC1299840, UC1300303) Uvicinity mouth Wyman Canyon,
Morefield 2516 (NY643542). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
CLASS II. MONOCOTYLEDONES - Monocots

KEY TO FAMILIES
1. Plants minute ("2-3 mm); floating on water or stranded; plant body lacking stems
..................................................................................................................................... Lemnaceae duckweed
1' Plants larger, and with stems
2. Perianth without petal like parts, consisting of small dry, chaffy or scale-like parts, or slender bristles, or
rudimentary, not colored nor petal like in texture
3. Ovary unilocular and uniovulate
4. Styles or stigmas 2 or 3
5. Flowers borne concealed within the axils of stramineus (chaff-like or husk-like) bracts, these in
spikes, spikelets or heads
6. Anthers basifixed; leaves 3-ranked, the sheaths continuous around the culm; stems frequently
triangular and with pith; perianth parts often reduced to bristles
...................................................................................................................... Cyperaceae sedges
6' Anthers versatile; leaves 2-ranked, the sheaths split on the side opposite the blade, stems round
and hollow ......................................................................................................... Poaceae grasses
5' Flowers not borne concealed in the axils of stramineus bracts
7. Aquatic plants, floating in water (or stranded); leaves without abundant sclerids or fibers and
stems with arenchyma; flowers submerged or on the water surface
8. Inflorescence a spike like head ............................................ Potamogetonaceae pondweed
8' Flowers axillary ............................................................ Zannichelliaceae horned-pondweed
7' Wetland or terrestrial plants, the wetland plants emergent from the water; leaves self-supporting;
flowers elevated well above the water surface
4' Styles or stigmas 1
9. Inflorescence of globose heads; achenes sessile or nearly so, not wind-dispersed
........................................................................................ Sparganiaceae burreed - None documented
9' Inflorescence of elongate cylindrical spikes; achenes with long slender stipes bearing long hairs for
wind dispersal ........................................................................................................ Typhaceae cattail
3' Ovary either with more than one locule, or with 3 or more ovules in a single locule
10. Ovules and seeds as many as the locules; fruit indehiscent or a follicular
11. Plants scapose, the leaves largely basal; inflorescence elongate in a slender spike
........................................................................................................... Juncaginaceae arrowgrass
11' Plants leafy-stemmed, the leaves cauline as well as basal; inflorescence of terminal, globose
heads Sparganiaceae bur-reed - None documented
10' Ovules and seeds obviously many more than the locules; fruit a capsule
............................................................................................................................. Juncaceae rush
2' Perianth definitely present, petal like in color and or texture
12. Carpels 6-many, free; fruit an achene
.............................................................. Alismataceae water plantain, arrowhead - None documented

12' Carpels fused; fruit a capsule
13. Ovary inferior
14. Flowers radially symmetrical; ovary with 3 locules; flowers without a corona
............................................................................................................................. Iridaceae iris
14' Flowers bilaterally symmetrical; ovary unilocular; some species mycotropic and not green
.......................................................................................................................... Orchidaceae orchids
13' Ovary superior; flowers in umbellate clusters or racemes .............................................. Liliaceae lily
CYPERACEAE - Sedge Family (CYP - 21)

Key to Genera
1. Ovary completely enveloped in a sac-like bract (perigynium).
2. Perigynium incompletely closed, open along one side
not documented........................................................................................................ Kobresia bellardii 
2. Perigynium closed, open only at summit .......................................................................................... Carex
1. Perigynia absent, ovary not enclosed in a bract or sac
3. Perianth bristles (rudimentary perianth segments) present
4. Fruits tuberculate (the upper portion differing in texture, color or both from body), the tubercle
forming a distinct apical cap
5. Cauline leaves gen absent; perianth bristles barbed...................................................... Eleocharis
5' Cauline leaves present; perianth bristles barbless not documented ...................Rhynchospora 
4' Fruits lacking an apical tubercle; floral bracts spirally arranged; inflorescence terminal on culm
6' Perianth bristles >> pistillate bract not documented...................................Eriophorum crinigerum
6' Perianth bristles <= pistillate scales .................................................................................... Scirpus
3. Perianth bristles absent
7. Heads one per culm ................................................................................................... Scirpus pumilus 
7' Heads many per culm
8. Floral bracts 2-ranked, arranged in distinct ranks or rows.......................................................Cyperus
8' Floral bracts spirally arranged
9. Annual, Flowers subtended by both floral bracts and translucent inner bracts
not documented .......................................................................................................... Liphocarpha
9' Rhizomatous perennial, flowers subtended only by a single set of green floral bracts
..................................................................................................................................Fimbristylis 
Amphiscirpus Oteng-Yeboah- Alkalirush

Amphiscirpus nevadensis (S. Watson) Oteng-Yeboah - Great Basin Bulrush.
Common, alkaline marshes on the floor of the Owens Valley, Fish Lake Valley and Deep Springs Lake,
expected ascending into the mountins proper below 8000 ft. Inyo: Deep Springs Lake, Dedecker 2874
(RSA227066).
Bulboschoenus (Ascherson) Palla – Bulrush

Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla ssp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyana - Saltmarsh Bulrush.
Infrequent, marshes on the floor of the Owens Valley, and in Fish Lake Valley: no voucher from the White
Mountin flora region proper is known. [JM – Scirpus maritimus L. var. paludosus (A. Nelson) Kuk.]
Carex L. Sedge
References:
K.K. Mackenzie. 1935. N. Amer. Flora 18:1-478; A.A. Reznicek & P. Ball. 1980. Cont. Univ. Mich. Herb. 14:153-203.
(Sect. Stellulatae); L.A. Standley. 1985. Sys. Bot. Monogr. 7:1-106. (Sect. Acutae); D.F. Murray. 1969. Brittonia 21:55-76.
(Sect. Atratae); L.P. Janeway. 1992. Studies Herb. Chico State Univ. 9:1-79. Distirbutional statements in FNA Vol. 23,
2002 for C. subnigricans, C. stevenii and C. parryana erroneously omit CA records.
Key to Sections and species of Carex

1. Spikelet solitary, terminal on the culm, androgynous or unisexual
(caution: beware of compound spikelets so congested so as to appear as one);
vestigial rachilla often present within perigynium
2. Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular (compressed in cross section)................ Sect. CAPITULIGEREAE

..................................................................................................................... C. capitata
2' Stigmas 3, achenes triangular in cross-section
3. Perigynia glabrous
4. Scales of spikelet deciduous at maturity, the perigynia deflexing when ripe;
leaves flat, ±3 mm wide not documented .....................................Sect. DORNEARA
........................................................................................................C. nigricans
4' Scales of spikelet persistent in fruit (falling with, not before, perigynia), perigynia
ascending to divergent when ripe; leaves involute filiform, ±1 mm wide
..........................................................................................……Sect. INFLATEAE
..............................................................................................Carex subnigricans
3' Perigynia pubescent
5. Spikelets predominately unisexual, plants ± dioecious; leaves flattened, 2-3 mm wide;
plants long-rhizomatous ................................................................Sect. SCIRPINAE
...............................................................................................Carex scripoidea 
5' Spikelets invariably bisexual and plants always monoecious; leaves terete, ± 1 mm
wide; plants cespitose ………....……….....………....…………………….Sect. FILIFOLIEAE
.....................................................................................................Carex exserta
1' Spikelets 2 or more on each culm, androgynous, unisexual or gynecandrous
(caution: some species have densely congested heads requiring dissection to reveal multiple axes).
6. Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular (compressed in cross-section)
7. Lateral spikelets stalked, cylindric and elongate (4-5x longer than wide); perigynia with an
evident dorsal suture
8. Lowest bract of inflorescence sheathless or nearly so (sheath rarely > ±2 mm, ignore
the isolated bracts in the upper part of the inflorescence)
…..................................................................................……Sect. PHACOCYSTIS
9 Perigynia nerved
10. Perigynium brown; beak of perigynium bidentate with minutely ciliate lobes 0.3-0.6
mm long; leaves 5-12 mm wide, blue green.......................................C. nebrascensis
10' Perigynium green or tawny, often with purple dots; beak of perigynium entire
with lobes <0.3 mm long; leaves green and < 5 mm wide
not documented ....................................................................................C. lenticularis
9' Perigynia not nerved
11. Lowest spikelet 1-10 cm long, its bract ±= inflorescence length; perigynia weakly
papillate, red or purple dotted..................................................................C. aquatilis
11' Lowest spikelet 0.8-3 cm, its bract ½ or less inflorescence length; perigynia strongly
papillate, uniformly purple on upper portion
not documented...................................................................................C. scopulorum
8' Lowest bract of inflorescence long sheathing (sheath >5mm); ripe perigynia beakless,
plump, green or orange ……………............................….....…......…Sect. BICOLORES
12. Lower pistillate scales closely appressed against perigynia, falling after perigynia
ripen; staminate portion of terminal spikelet 2-3.5 mm wide; lower inflorescence
bracts 3-6 mm long, perigynia obovate, stipitate, nerved but not ribbed, tip
papillate, white or gold when ripe.......................................................C. hassei
12' Lower pistillate scales spreading, falling before perigynia ripen; staminate portion
of terminal spikelet 0.9-2 mm wide; lower inflorescence bracts 2-3.5 mm long;
perigynia spherical, sessile, strongly ribbed, the tip not papillate; orange when
ripe, drying orange, gold or with some purplish......................................C. aurea
7' Inflorescence with the lateral spikelets sessile or nearly so, relatively short (<2x long as
wide), in obvious heads or
13. Terminal spikelets staminate or androgynous
14 ' Rhizomatous, often forming a turf, the individual rhizomes up to 2-3 dm
long
15. Perigynia beakless, margins entire, not serrulate................Sect. DISPERMAE
.................................................................................................C. disperma
15’ Perigynia beaked, the beak serrulate
16. Spikelets densely aggregated, the lower ones not evident without
dissection; never dioecious......................................Sect. FOETIDAE
17. Wetlands or moist turf; culms 8-25 cm; leaves not exceeding
inflorescence, the blades 2-4 mm wide, perigynia 3.3-4.8 mm long,
<pistillate scales ....................................................C. vernacula

17' Dry alpine; culms 1.5-6 cm long; leaves longer than inflorescence,
the blades 0.7-1.5 mm wide; perigynia 2.8-3.5 mm long,
> pistillate scales ..........................................C. incurviformis 
16' Spikelets not all aggregated, the lower ones evident; often some
spikelets in a head or all spikelets on some culms nearly or entirely
staminate or pistillate, or plants dioecious (inspect several widely
spaced sites in population; anthers with a minute awn
..................................................................................Sect. DIVISAE
18. Culm edges smooth distally; dry sites
19. Inflorescence 15-25 mm wide, pistillate scales 5-8 mm long
....................................................................C. douglasii
19’ Inflorescence 10-15 mm wide; pistillate scales 2-5 mm long
...................................................................... C. duriscula 
18’ Culm edges scabrous distally; mesic to wet sites
..........................................................................C. praegracilis
14' Cespitose, forming clumps, the rhizomes short; individual spikelets of
inflorescence evident without dissection; wall of perigynium base filled
with pithy tissue; perigynia generally broadest about 1/3 above the base,
abruptly contracted into a definite beak .................Sect. PHAESTOGLOCHIN
20. Perigynium beak margins smooth
..................................................................................C. vallicola 
20’. Perignium beak serrulate
21. Inflorescence globose, head like, ca. 1 cm wide;
proximal spikes not distinct ............................................. C. hoodii
21’ Inflorescence oblong, 2-5 cm long and ca. 1 cm wide;
proximal spikes eivident without dissection
........................................................................ C. occidentalis 
13' Terminal spikelets gynecandrous; perigynia thin at maturity, with thin, knife-like or
winged margins, flat except where distended by the achenes................Sect. OVALES
22. Lowest bract exceeding inflorescence ...................................................C. athrostachya
22' Lowest bract not exceeding the inflorescence (i.e., bract length < head length)
23. Perigynia plano-convex (ventral side plane, dorsal side rounded)
24. Perigynia visible in the spikelets, the pistillate scales narrower
and thus exposing the perigynia
25. Perigynia small, 2.2-3.5 mm long................................................C. subfusca
25. Perigynia larger, 3.5-8 mm long
26. Perigynia narrowly to broadly ovate, 3.5-5.5 mm long
...............................................................................................C. abrupta
26’ Perigynia lanceolate, 5.7-8 mm long ...............................C. petasata 
24' Perigynia completely covered by the pistillate scales, not or barely visible
in the spikelets
27. Perigynia <1.2 mm wide, narrowly winged.
............................................................................................C. leporinella
27' Perigynia >1.4 mm wide, wing margin well developed;
abruptly short-beaked, widest about the middle; base of perigynium
truncate, not tapered.............................................................C. phaeocephala
23’ Perigynia thin, uniformly so, except where enlarged by the achenes
28. Margin of perigynium wavy-margined at base of beak............ C. straminiformis
28. Maring of perigynium not wavy-margined
29. Perigynia 4.2-6.5 mm long, the beak >2.5 mm long; culms < 2 dm
. ....................................................................................................C. haydeniana
29’ Perigynia 2.9-4.9 mm long; the beak < 2.5 mm, culms =>2 dm
.....................................................................................................C. microptera
6' Stigmas 3; achenes triangular
30. Perigynia pubescent
31. Flowering usually culms hidden within the leaves; 1-2 dm tall; achenes with sides
convex above ..........................................................................Sect. ACROCYSTIS
............................................................................................................. C. rossii
31’ Flowering culms much >> basal leaves, 2-5 dm or more tall.........Sect. PALUDOSAE
........................................................................................................... C. pellita
30. Perigynia glabrous
32. Style and achene continuous, not jointed (not breaking readily at an abscision zone)
not documented; swamps...........................................................Sect. VESICARIAE
32 Style and achene jointed (seen as an abscission zone, often brown}
33. Bracts of proximal (nonbasal) spikes with a distinct sheath (the sheath at least 4
mm long, at least 2x times as long as the culm diameter)
base without spines not documented................................... Sect. AULOCYSTIS
33’ Lowest bract of inflorescence sheathless or nearly so (sheath ca. < 4 mm)
.......................................................................................Sect. RACEMOSAE
34. Terminal spike staminate
35 Perigynia widest near the apex, elliptic, 2-3 mm long
.................................................................................... C. idahoa 
35. Perigynia widest in middle, ovate, 3.5-5 mm long
................................................................................ C. spectabilis
34. Terminal spike gynecandrous or pistillate
36. Lateral spikes sessile (or very short-pednculate; heads purple black
......................................................................................... C. helleri
36’ Lateral spikes pedunculate, distal spikes forming a dense terminal cluster
37. Lateral spikes pendent or spreading
38 Terminal spike with fewer than ¼ staminate flowers at base;
perigynia brown with light colored margins; pistillate scales with
the midveins the same color as the blade
...................................................................... C. epapillosa
38’ Terminal spike with ca. ½ staminate flowers at base;
perigynia light green, pistillate scales with midwein light colored
compared to blade .......................................... C. heteroneura
37’ Lateral spikes erect to ascending
39. Pistillate scales ovate, apex blunt........................... C. stevenii 
39’ Pistillate scales lanceolata, acute ............................. C. albonigra
Carex abrupta Mackenzie - Abrupt Beaked Sedge. (Sect. Ovales)
Mesic to dry upland sites on meadow borders, open forest, 7000 ft-11000 ft in the central portion of the
range. [Carex pachystachya Cham., misapplied in Morefield et al. 1988] Inyo: none. Mono: McCloud Camp,
9500 ft, Duran 1608 (UC1146438) UCrooked Creek, 9900 ft, Lloyd 3278 (UC1389328). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Carex albonigra Mackenzie - Summit Sedge (Sect. Racemosae)
Uncommon, dry exposed alpine ridges and flats, 10800-12500 ft along the central crest of the range. Inyo:
none. Mono: meadow NE flank Sheep Mtn, 11800 ft, Lloyd 3262 (UC1146778). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. var. aquatilis - Water Sedge. (Sect. Phacocystis)
Rare, wet meadows, springs, and snowmelt streams, 9000-11000 ft in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Cottonwood Creek, 9750 ft, Morefield et al. 4600 (UC1545475) UTres Plumas
Meadow, 10300 ft, Taylor 9179 (UC1540251). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex athrostachya Olney Long-bracted Sedge. (Sect. Ovales)
Moist meadow margins, subalpine, at 9500-11000 ft in the central portion of the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Tres Plumas Meadow, 10300 ft, Taylor 9178c (UC1540252). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex aurea Nuttall - Golden-fruit Sedge. (Sect. Bicolores).
Wet meadows and seepage areas, on acid or neutral to basic (not alkaline) calcaeroubasic substrata, 8000-
12000 ft in the northern half of the range. Inyo: Marble Canyon of Black Canyon, 5800 ft, Dedecker 3847
(RSA620569, UCR113683) Useep on Silver Canyon road, 6200 ft, Taylor 8714 (RSA359928, RSA359929).
Mono: North Fork Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1574 (UC1317732) UCottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, Taylor &
Morefield 9188 (RSA407669). Esmeralda: Albert Mine, Queen Canyon, 8200 ft, Taylor 15241 (UC) UIndian
Creek, 6000 ft, T.E. Lankester 781 (BM, cited by Lloyd & Mtichell 1973. Mineral: none
Carex breweri Boott var. breweri (Sect. Inflatae)
The specimen reported as this in Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) is C. subnigricans, Mooney 613 (DS). This dry
snowbed sedge may occur in snowbed habitats the northern Whites; it is reported to occur in the White & Inyo
region in the Jepson Desert Manual.
Carex capitata L. ssp. arctogena (Smith) Boecher - Capitate Sedge (Sect. Capituligerae).
Uncommon in alpine boggy meadows and stream margins, 9500-13000 ft, to be expected throughout the
range. Inyo: none. Mono: headwaters Birch Creek, 11800 ft, Morefield & C.Perla 4829 (UC1552048).
Carex disperma Dewey - Soft-leaved Sedge. (Sect. Dispermeae).

Uncommon, wet shaded riparian thicket understory, below 11000 ft, to be expected throughout the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 2772 (UC). Mineral: none
Carex douglasii Boott - Douglas' Sedge. (Sect. Divisae).
Frequent, sandy sites, where it forms a sparse turf over large areas on meadow borders; infrequent in the
alpine and at very lower elevations flanking the range. Inyo: Cedar Flat, 7900 ft, Dedekcer 2232
(RSA616776) UWyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2798 (UC1146802) UBig Prospector Meadow, 10200 ft,
R.K.Gierisch & S.N.Zufelt 3564 (UC1256257). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10150 ft, E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller
3559 (JEPS32942, SD56906); Lloyd 3112 (UC1146766); cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3230 (UC1160864); canyon,
9800 ft, Lloyd 2881 (UC1256325) UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, 10000 ft, Duran 1525 (UC1146446); W.L.
Jepson 7271 (JEPS26019) UPatriarch Grove, 10900 ft, Taylor 6669 (JEPS100620). Esmeralda: Indian
Creek, T.E. Lankester 708 (BM, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973; Mineral: none.
Carex duriuscula C.A. Meyer - Steppe sedge (Sect. Divisae).
Frequent, often dominant of sandy to well drained calcereous sites, where it forms a sparse turf over large
areas on meadow borders, 9000-13000 ft. [syn. Carex stenophylla Wahlenb. var. eleocharis (L. Bailey)
Hulten] ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran s.n. (UC1146440) Unear
Barcroft lab, 12600 ft, T. Spria 406 (JEPS85271) Usouth of Piute Trail Pass, H.Mooney 649 (DS)
Uconfluence Poison Creek and South Fork Cottonwood Creek, 9450 ft, Taylor 6750 (JEPS backlog); 13020
(JEPS100616) Umeadows Cottonwood Creek, 10300 ft, Taylor 9129 (JEPS88665) Uhead Cottonwood
drainage, 12000 ft, Dedecker 2215 (RSA616788), 2216 (RSA616787) UPatriarch Grove, Taylor 6674 (JEPS)
USouth Fork Perry Aiken Creek, 13000 ft, H.Mooney 636 (DS) UWhite Mountain Peak, 13500 ft, Lloyd 3257
(UC1146775); K.K. Muller 1067 (JEPS32950) Ushoulder Headley Peak, Cabin Creek, 12500 ft, Taylor 8069
(JEPS100617) UPellisier Flats, 13000 ft, Mitchell 2170 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Carex epapillosa Mackenzie - Epapillate Sedge (Sect. Racemosae).
Infrequent, moist subalpine meadows, often in or bordering willow thickets, and seepage areas on slopes,
8800-12000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Creek, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3321 (UC1146733)
UN Fork Perry Aiken Creek, 11000 ft, Morefield & T.S. Ross 4711 (UC1545419) Uvery S-most headwaters
Milner Creek, 12000 ft, Taylor 9156 (UC1736033). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex exserta Mackenzie - Shorthair Sedge (Sect. Filifoliae).
Uncommon, forming turf of subalpine meadows, where it often forms a variety of patterns originating from
clonal growth; the meadow dominant in much of the Sierra. [JM -C. filifolia var. erostrata Kuk.] Inyo:
none. Mono: headwaters Cottonwood Creek 1.5 mi SW Barcroft lab, 12500 ft, Taylor 9148 (JEPS100615)
UCounty Line Hill, 11100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7365 (JEPS63731) head Cottonwood Creek, 11700 ft, Duran 2589
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973, as C. filifolia). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex hassei L.H.Bailey – Hermen E. Hasse’s sedge (Sect. Bicolores)
Lower elelvation and more alkaline settings compared to the closely related C. aurea. Inyo: seep in Silver
Canyon, 7200 ft, Taylor 9188 (RSA407669); L.C. Wheeler 8516 (RSA601880, UCR101759). Mono: none;
Carex haydeniana Olney – F.V. Hayden's Sedge (Sect Ovales).
Uncommon, moist alpine flats and meadows, 9800-13800 ft in the central portion of the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10150 ft, E.R.Blakley & K.K.Muller 3552 (RSA, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
UCottonwood Creek, Taylor 9130 (JEPS109531) USheep Meadow, 11400 ft, H.Mooney 841 (DS, cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWhite Mountain Peak, 13400 ft, H.Mooney 502 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell
1973); 13300 ft, Dedecker 1271 (RSA624271). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex helleri Mackenzie - Heller's Sedge (Sect. Racemosae)
Snow accumulation sites on well drained soils, at or above timberline, 9500-13800 ft throughout the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: N of Barcroft lab, 12700 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8134 (JEPS29003); 12500 ft, E.R.Blakley &
K.K.Muller 3717 (JEPS32927); 12700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7395 (JEPS63712) UMcAfee Meadow, 12000 ft, Duran
1667 (UC1146443); 12000 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26101 (UC739267). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex heteroneura W. Boott - Variable-nerved Sedge (Sect. Racemosae).
Occasional, moist shaded rocky slopes, meadow borders, riparian edges, 7000-12500 in the central portion
of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Big Prospector Meadow, 10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7345 (JEPS63710) UWhite
Mountains, 11000 ft, W.H.Shockley 613 (JEPS63759) UWhite Mountain Peak, 13100 ft, Duran 2617
(UC1146444) UPiute Trail Pass, 11800 ft, Lloyd 3286 (UC1146727) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, 10300
ft, Taylor & Morefield 9138 (UC1540235). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex hoodii W.Bottt - Robert Hood's Sedge (Sect. Phaestoglochin).
Infrequent, meadows and alpine, 10000-13000 ft in the central portion of the range Mono: White
Mountains, 11200 ft, R.K.Gierisch & S.N.Zufelt 3557 (UC1256251) is the only record.
Carex idahoa L.H. Bailey - Idaho sedge (Sect. Racemosae)
Rare, meadows and mesic riparian borders, largely on calcareous substrata, at 9000-11000 ft in the central
portion of the range; disjunct ca. 200 km to cNV, and to the Rocky Mountains [syn. Carex parryana Dewey
var. hallii (Olney) Kukenthall, misapplied in Madrono 35(2):164-167]. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none Mono:
confluence Poison Creek and South Fork Cottonwood Creek, 9450 ft, Taylor 13025 (UC1736037) UDeep
Sprngs Cow Camp, 9490 ft, Morefield 1698 (NY) UCottonwood Creek, 9075 ft, Taylor 9122 (RSA407666);
10530 ft, Morefield et al. 4611 (UC1545478, RSA437379). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex incurviformis Mackenzie - Nunatack Sedge (Sect. Foetidae).
Rare, high alpine sites, generally winter snow free locations on granite. The Sierran and White Mountain
material can be weakly segregated as var. danaensis (Stacey) F. J. Herm., and is disjunct ca. 1000 km
eastward from the Rocky Mountains in central Colorado. ‚ CNPS List 4.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: northeast
shoulder Mt. Hogue, 12390 ft, Morefield & C.Perla 4831 (UC1552049, RSA486172). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none
Carex leporinella Mackenzie - Rabbit Sedge (Sect. Ovales).
Occasional, wet meadow borders, streambanks, seepage areas, below about 11000 ft in the central portion
of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Creek cave, 10100 ft, Lloyd 3090 (UC1160867). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Carex microptera Mackenzie - Small-winged Sedge (Sect. Ovales).
Open mesic slopes and rocky cirque basins, 8500-13000 ft. throughout the range [syn. C. festivella
Mackenzie; C. pachystachya Cha. & Steud., misapplied] Inyo: none. Mono: near Barcroft lab, 12600 ft,
Bacigalupi et al. 8132 (JEPS29001) UPoison Creek, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7372 (JEPS63729) UBirch Creek,
5800 ft, Duran 3481 (UC1146437) UCrooked Creek lab, 10100 ft, Lloyd 3106 (UC1146761) Uheadwaters
Sacramento Creek, 10100 ft, Taylor 8584 (UC1520644). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2514
(UC) UIndian Creek, T.E. Lankester 741 (BM, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mineral: none.
Carex nebrascensis Dewey - Nebraska Sedge (Section Phacocystis)
Dominant of moist meadows and riparian areas, below 11000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Tollhouse
Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2716 (UC1146706) UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3025 (UC1146756) UWyman
Creek, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2784 (UC1146797); 7800 ft, Lloyd 2772 (UC1146795); Roberts Ranch, 8000 ft, Duran
3162 (UC1146448). Mono: Tres Plumas Meadow, 10300 ft, Taylor 9180 (JEPS88668) UCrooked Creek,
9800 ft, Lloyd 2890 (UC1256326). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2511 (UC). Mineral: none.
Carex occidentalis L. Bailey - Western Sedge (Sect. Phaestoglochin)
Well drained, mesic sheltered subalpine forest or sagebrush, 9000-11000 ft in the central portion of the
range. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Cottonwood Creek, 10300 ft, Taylor 9134
(JEPS100926, RSA407643) Uupper Cottonwood Creek, Morefield 2453 (RSA327742), 4596 (RSA437395).
Carex pellita Willdenow - Woolly Sedge (Sect. Hirtae)
Frequent growing in streambeds under willow canopy, riparian areas, below about 11000 ft throughout the
range. [syn. Carex lanuginosa Michaux. Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Mitchell 2054 (UC,
cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); Duran 3160 (UC1146445). Mono:Cottonwood Creek, 9700 ft, H.Mooney 250
(DS) Umouth McAfee Creek, 5250 ft, Morefield 3642 (UC1545376, UCR60035) UGranite Meadow, Taylor
9171 (JEPS100910). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran s.n. (UC) UCandelaria pipeline intake,
Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Taylor 15259 (UC). Mineral: none.
Carex petasata Dewey - Liddon=s sedge (Sect. Ovales).
Rare, meadows and mesic sagebrush flats bordering isolated Pinus contorta stands, at 9000-11000 ft in the
northern portion of the range ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: Chiatovich Flats, 10900 ft, Taylor &
J.D.Wehausen 8075 (UC1576758, RSA530110). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Carex phaeocephala Piper - Brown-head Sedge (Sect. Ovales).
Uncommon, rocky slopes and ridges, 8800-13000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: north of
Barcroft lab, 12600 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8133 (JEPS29002) UMcAfee Meadow, 12200 ft, H.A.Mooney 557
(DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); head McAfee Creek, 12200 ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26092
(UC739097). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Carex praegracilis W. Boott - Clustered Sedge (Section Divisae)
Common, dominating subirrigated wetlands, irrigated pastures, springs and vernally moist flats, below
10500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 6000 ft, P.H.Raven 6998 (CAS) UDeep Springs
Lake, 4800 ft, Duran 3299 (UC1155177); P.H.Raven 7102 (UC1023494) UWarm Springs, W base Black
Mountain, 4000 ft, Taylor 7157 (UC1755178). Mono: White Mountains, 10000 ft, W.H.Shockley 632
(JEPS63669) UMcCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Duran 1608 (UC1146449); Cottonwood Creek, 10300 ft, Taylor
9129 (JEPS88665). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Carex rossii F. Boott var. rossii - Scrub Sedge (Sect. Acrocystis).
Uncommon, open well drained or rocky slopes, open subalpine woodandt, sagebrush., alpine, 8300-13000 ft
throughout the range. More material of this sedge is needed to ascertain if in fact our plants are not C.
deflexa Hornemann var. boottii L.H. Bailey. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Creek, 9900 ft, H.Mooney 817 (DS)
Usouth end Sagehen Flat, 10000 ft, H.Mooney 900 (DS) UPiute Trail Pass, 11800 ft, Lloyd 3288 (UC) Unear
Barcroft lab, 12600 ft, Taylor 5208 (JEPS109525). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Carex scirpoidea Michaux var. pseudoscirpoidea (Rydb.) Cronq. Lime sedge (Sect. Scripinae)
Rare in calcareous wet meadwos at 9000-10500 ft in the central portion of the range - [Carex scirpoidea
Michaux ssp. pseudoscirpoidea (Rydb.) D.A. Dunlop Novon 7:355. 1997] ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: none.
Mono: confluence Poison Creek and South Fork Cottonwood Creek, 9450 ft, Taylor (Additions I); Cottonwood
Basin, Taylor & A. Colwell 18969 (JEPS). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Carex spectabilis Dewey – (Section Racemosae, alt. FNA 2002 Sect. Scitae)
Moist turf of meadow and stream margins, and moist snowbed sites, at or above timberline in the northern
end of the range [Carex raynoldsii Dewey, misapplied in Additions 1]. Inyo: none. Mono: Cabin Creek,
10800 ft, Taylor 8074 (UC1736055). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Carex straminiformis L. Bailey - Straw Sedge (Sect. Ovales).
Well drained to moist open forest, rocky slopes, dry meadow borders, 9000-12000 ft in the central portion of
the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Crooked Creek cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3225 (UC1160863). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Carex stevenii (T. Holm) Kalela (Section Racemosae)
Rare, moist turf sites at or near timberline, in the central portion of the range on cacareous substrata;
disjunct ca. 200 kn to the Monitor Range, cNV and 600 km to Garfield County, Colorado. [Carex norvegica
Retz, misapplied by Morefield & Taylor, Madroño 37:64. 1990 and JM]. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none.
Mono: head of Indian Creek, 9350 ft, Morefield 4850 (UC1552057, RSA485194, NY) Uhead of Cabin Creek,
11600 ft, Taylor 8073 (UC1736056) Uheadwaters Middle Creek, 11000 ft, Taylor 8851 (RSA359927).
Carex subfusca Boott Rusty Sedge (Sect. Ovales).
Typically in fens and wet riparian sites below about 10000 ft. Mono: pond below Crooked Creek lab, 10000
ft, E.R. Blakley 3557 (SD56908) is the only record.
Carex subnigricans Stacey - Turf Sedge (Sect. Inflatae).
Seeps, meadows and well drained subalpine turf sites, 8800-13000 ft in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono:North Fork Cottonwood Creek, 11500 ft, B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26098 (CAS) Unear
Barcroft lab, 13100 ft, H.Mooney 632 (DS) U1 mi S Barcroft gate, J.Pykala et al. 2656 (UC1586930), 2638
(UC1586921) UPellisier Flats, 12800 ft, Mitchell 2274 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWhite Mountains,
11200 ft, R.K.Gierisch & S.N.Zufelt 3554 (UC1256234). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Carex vallicola Dewey - Valley Sedge (Sect. Bracteosae).
Uncommon, mesic northerly facing sagebrush scrub, aspen stands, and meadow borders, 9000-9600 ft
throughout the range. ‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: 1/4 mile above Cottonwood Creek, 9200 ft,
Mitchell 2029 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UCottonwod Creek, 9980 ft, Taylor & Morefield 9134
(UC1540234). Esmeralda: Queen Mine, 9350 ft, Taylor 15290 (UC1739031). Mineral: none.
Carex vernacula Bailey - Native Sedge (Sect. Foetidae).
Borders of snowmelt streams and deep snow accumulation sites in talus, 9000-13000 ft in the central
portion of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Creek, 11500 ft, Lloyd 3310 (UC1146731) Unear Barcroft
lab, 13100 ft, H.Mooney 631 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UPellisier Flats, southeast of Mt. Dubois,
13200 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 2171 (CAS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973); shoulder of Mt. Hogue just S of
Pellisier Flats, 12600 ft, Taylor 8068 (JEPS101115). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cyperus L.
1. Style bifid; achene flattened (lenticular); spikelets in a capitate head ....................................................C. niger
1' Style trifid; achene trigonous; floral bract 5-11 veined; achene widest near tip .......................... C. squarrosus
Cyperus niger Ruiz Lopez & Pavon - Umbrella sedge.
Occassional along streams below about 7000 ft on the western flank of the range. [syn. var. capitatus (Britton)
O=Niell] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4150 ft, Morefield 2291 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Cyperus squarrosus L.
Occassional along streams below about 7000 ft on the western flank of the range. [syn. C. aristatus Rottb.]
Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Sand Spring, 5500 ft, Morefield 2892 (WMRS, Additions III) Mineral:
none.
Eleocharis R. Br. Spike-Rush

1. Annual (no rhizomes present) - not documented
2 Style bifid; culms < 1 dm tall; perianth bristles rudimentary ................................................................ E. bella
2' Style trifid; culms 1-2 dm tall; perianth bristles evident .................................................................... E. obtusa
1' Perennial (rhizomatous, often large clones)
3. Style bifid, achenes lenticular ............................................................................................ E. macrostachya
3' Style trifid, achenes triangular or rounded
4. Small plants, culms <1.5 dm tall
5. Culms capillary, 0.3-0.5 mm wide; individual plants with fibrous roots and abundant, slender
rhizomes; achene surface reticulate, the horizontal cross-walls evident at 10x; tubercle well
differentiated from the achene, constricted at base
not documented .............................................................................................E. acicularis
5' Culms stouter, 0.8-1.1 mm wide; individual plants with stout, deeply seated rhizomes in addition to
more elongate slender stolons; achene surface smooth or with 3 faint vertical ribs
......................................................................................................................................... E. quinqueflora
4' Taller plants, culms 1.5-10 dm tall
6. Culms arching, rooting at the tips, ca. 1 m long; subsaline meadows
................................................................................................................................................E. rostellata
6. Culms erect, 1.5-8 dm tall; non-saline settings
7. Inflorescence 3-8 mm long; plants long rhizomatous; achenes "1.5 mm long
not documented............................................................................................................ E. bolanderi
7'Inflorescence 10-15 mm long; plants cespitose, achenes "1 mm long ............................. E. parishii
Eleocharis macrostachya Britton - Pale Spike-Rush.
Scattered, shallow water of meadow creekbeds, below 7300 ft. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda:
meadow along Chiatovich Creek, 7100 ft, Taylor (Additions I). Mineral: none.
Eleocharis parishii Britton
Occasional in marshy areas about springs and streams, below 6000 ft on the southern end of the range.
Inyo Antelope Springs, 5000 ft, Lloyd 3006 (UC1146750), Mitchell & Lloyd 1750 (UC1155184) Ulower Sams’
Springs, Morefield 1675 (RSA463905). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartmann) O. Schwarz
Occasional in marshy areas of meadows and along streams, below 8000 ft-12000 ft throughout the range.
[Eleocharis pauciflora (Light.) Link, misapplied] Inyo: none; Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10100 ft, Lloyd 3116
(cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973 as E. pauciflora) USheep Meadow, 11400 ft, H.Mooney 845 (DS, cited by
Lloyd & Mitchell 1973 as E. pauciflora) Unortheast flank Sheep Mtn, 11800 ft, Lloyd 3261 (UC1146777)
UMcCloud Camp, Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1606 (UC1146451) Uconfluence Poison Cr and
Cottonwood Cr, 9450 ft, Taylor 9185 (JEPS backlog). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 2703 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Eleocharis rostellata (Torrey) Torrey
Frequent in subalkaline meadows on the border of mineral spring or hot spring outflows, less frequent in
lower elevation riparian settings Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2994 (UC1146768) UWyman Creek,
7000 ft, Mitchell 2043 (WMRS) UWarm Spring, W base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3733 (UC1545524,
UCR60172). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Fimbristylis
Fimbristylis thermalis S. Watson - Hotspring Sedge
Infrequent, saline marshes, mineralized or warm springs, on the western flank of the range below 5500 ft.
‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo: Warm Spring, w base Black Mtn, 4000 ft, Taylor 6805 (RSA407672); Morefield 4033
(RSA474980), 4371 (RSA464021). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Scirpus L. Tule, Bulrush

1' Heads solitary; dwarf herbs <10 cm tall; largest spikelets <6 flowered; achenes smooth; alpine turf meadow
herbs ...............................................................................................see Trichophorum
1' Heads many per culm; taller and of lower elevations
2. Inflorescence subtended by large, leaf-like bracts
3. Stigmas 2, stamens 2, achenes lenticular ....................................................................... S. microcarpus
3' Stigmas 3, achenes triangular
not documented.................................................................................................................... S. congdonii
3' Inflorescence bracts solitary, appearing as if a continuation of the culm
. see................................................................................................................Schoenoplectus
Scirpus microcarpus C. Presl - Small-fruited Bulrush.

Shaded to open marshy riparian sites about 10200 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood
Creek, 5600 ft, Mitchell 2164 (UC1146718). Esmeralda: Marble Creek, 5500 ft, Lankester 825 (BM)
UChiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 2571 (UC) UAlbert Mine, Queen Canyon, 8200 ft, Taylor 15231 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Schoenoplectus (Reichenbach) Palla – Tule

1. Stems triangular just below inflorescence

2. Inflorescence paniculate, branches evident; spikelets 20-many; bristles ciliate
not documented ..........................................................................Schenoplectus californicus
2' Inflorescence capitate, branches congested and not readily evident;
spikelets <12; bristles, barbellate
3. Inflorescence bract with awn at tip 0.5-1.5 mm long; stem sides
flat.................................................................................................Schenoplectus pungens
3' Inflorescence bract awnless or awn <0.5 mm; stem sides deep concave
.................................................................................................Schenoplectus americanus
1' Stems round just below inflorescence
4. Floral bract spotted, the terminal awn 0.5-1 mm long and contorted..............Schenoplectus acutus
4' Floral bract not spotted or with a few faint spots,
the awn absent or <0.5 mm long and not contorted
not documnented .....................................................................Schenoplectus tabernaemontani
Schoenoplectus acutus (Bigelow) A. & D. Love var. occidentalis (S. Watson) S.G. Smith - Tule
Scattered, commonly dominating lowland marshes, irrigation ditches, and less frequently in shallow water of
quite streams, boggy meadow areas, below 8300 ft. [syn. Scirpus acutus L. var. occidentalis (S. Watson)
Beetle] Inyo: Bishop, M.Nobs & S.G.Smith 1767 (UC1100749) is the most proximal voucher (Mitchell 2075
cited as this species in Lloyd & Mitchell 1973 is S. americanus). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart - American Bulrush
Occasional, lowland marshes, and shallow water 8300 ft [syn. Scirpus olneyi A. Gray, misapplied, Scirpus
americanus Pers.] Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 2991 (UC1146744); 3004 (UC1146749); Morefield
(Additions III) UBlack Canyon, 4800 ft, Mitchell 2075 (UC1146717). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla var. longispicatus (Britton) S. G. Smith - Threesquare
Occasional, lowland marshes, and shallow water 7000 ft on the southern end of the range. [syn. Scripus
pungens Vahl.] Inyo: Warm Springs, Morefield 4191 (RSA466239A). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Trichophorum Persoon- Clubrush

1. Cespitose, forming clumps; achene sharply 3-angled; inflorescence bract > spikelet,
the awn tip ±> 1 mm long not documented...................................................Trichophorum clementis
1. Rhizomatous; achene compressed; inflorescence bract < spikelet, the tip abruptly pointed
...........................................................................................................Trichophorum pumilum ‚
Trichophorum pumilum (Vahl) Schinz & Thellung
Rare, calcareous meadow borders at 10000 ft in the central portion of the range (widely disjunct to the
Rocky Mountains, cf. Major & Bamberg, Madroño 17:93-109 1963; Madrono 41[2]:148-149. 1994) [syn.
Scirpus pumilus Vahl]. Trichophorum clementis (M.E. Jones) S.G. Smith is a common alpine moist turf
species in the Sierra that may occur in the Whites. Inyo: none. Mono: confluence Poison Cr and
Cottonwood Cr, 9450 ft, Taylor 6568, 13017 (JEPS88726).
IRIDACEAE - Iris Family (IRI - 45)

Key to Genera
1. Flowers >>1.5 cm wide; style branches petaloid .......................................................................................... Iris
1' Flowers <1.5 cm wide, style filiform ............................................................................................ Sisyrinchium
Iris L. Iris
Iris missouriensis Nuttall - Western blue-flag.
Infrequent, meadows below 11000 ft, particularly where overgrazed, throughout the northern end of the
range (Sect. Longipetalae) Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7208 (JEPS17330). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none.
Sisyrinchium L. Blue-Eyed Grass

Flowers blue (Sect. Sisyrinchium)
1. Translucent margins of inflorescence bracts uniform in width along their length ........................... S. idahoense
1' Translucent margins of inflorescence bracts much wider at, extending above bract as two-teeth
..................................................................................................................................................... S. halophilum
Sisyrinchium halophilum Greene

Frequent in subalkaline meadows, hot springs and mineral springs, below 9500 ft throughout the range.
Inyo: Black Canyon Spring, 8400 ft, Mitchell 2109 (UC1299783) UWyman Creek, 7800 ft, Lloyd 2769
(UC1389313) UWarm Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3559 (UC1535042, RSA387461).
Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Sisyrinchium idahoense E. Bickn. var. idahoense
To be sought in more neutral settings than S. halophilum, now yet documented (the specimens cited by Lloyd
& Mitchell 1973 are S. halophyllum) NEED TO CITE Morefield 2283
JUNCACEAE - Rush Family (JUN - 37)

Key to Genera
1. Leaves soft, flat, grass-like and green, ciliate at base near stem; sheaths closed; stems hollow
............................................................................................................................................ Luzula wood rush
1' Leaves cylindrical, or if flat, firm and gray green, not ciliate; sheaths open, stems with spongy pith or with
evident cross walls Juncus rush
Juncus L. Rush
Reference: B. Ertter. 1986. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Garden 39:1-90.
1. Annual
2. Inflorescence open, with flowers at several nodes; individual flowers subtended by bractlets; stamens 6.....
[subg. Poiophylli] .......................................................................................................................... J. bufonius
2' Inflorescence dense, terminal, often capitate; bractlets subtending groups of flowers;
stamens 2-3 [subg. Graminifolii]
3. Perianth shiny; capsule < perianth; culms capillary, 0.1-0.2 mm diameter ............................. J. bryoides
3 Perianth dull; capsule = to slightly exceeding perianth; culms 0.2-0.4 mm diameter; inflorescence
bracts 0-2, ovate to rounded, not sheathing culm; stamens 2
not documented................................................................................................................ J. hemiendytus
1' Perennial
4. Inflorescence appearing terminal, the inflorescence bract not mimicking the culm (subg. Septati)
5. Leaf blade cylindric in cross-section, septae complete; stamens 6
6. Inflorescence a single cluster; perianth black ............................................................J. mertensianus
6' Inflorescence of several or many clusters, pale or brown; anthers 2x filaments; culms erect, not
rooting nodally ............................................................................................................... J. nevadensis
5' Leaf blade flat
7. Leaves equitant (blade oriented in a single plane with edges toward the stem); septae incomplete
[subg. Ensifolii]
8. Anthers inconspicuous, < filaments
9. Inflorescence clusters few, each with many flowers; stamens 3; capsule abruptly
tapered into a short beak ....................................................................................... J. ensifolius
9' Inflorescence clusters many, each with few flowers; stamens 6; capsule gradually
tapered to beak ..................................................................................................... J. xiphioides
8' Anthers conspicuous, > filaments; capsule > perianth, abruptly pointed
................................................................................................................................ J. macrandrus
7' Leaves flat, the lamina oriented toward the stem; crosswalls absent
10. Flowers solitary;septae of capsule incomplete, capsule appearing unilocular; perianth >5mm;
leaves basal, not more than 2 culm height [subg. Poiophylli]
not documented .................................................................................................... J. occidentalis
10' Flowers in head-like clusters [subg. Graminifolii]
11. Leaf sheaths auriculate ....................................................................................... J. longistylis
11' Leaf sheaths not appendaged
12. Inflorescence clusters with 3-7 flowers ........................................................... J. covillei
12' Inflorescence clusters with 5-25 flowers .................................................. J. orthophyllus
4' Inflorescence seemingly lateral, the lowest bract cylindrical and exactly like a continuation of the stem
[subg. Genuini]
13. Flowers 1-3; seeds with conspicuous appendages; plants with numerous culms 2-4 dm tall; wiry
cespitose perennials of upland sites
14. Capsule tip retuse
not documented...................................................................................................... J. drummondii
14' Capsule tip elongate, not retuse ........................................................................................ J. parryi

13' Flowers many per cluster; seeds without appendages; either rhizomatous or large (0.8-1 m tall) and
cespitose
.............................................................................................................Juncus balticus
15. Upper culms compressed, often twisted through several rotations
......................................................................................................... J.balticus var. mexicanus
15' Upper culms more or less terete, seldom twisted .................. J. balticus var. montanus
Juncus balticus Willd. - Mountain Rush, Wiregrass. Mexican Rush.
Common, moist swales, drainages, and meadows, generally above throughout the range. [syn. Juncus
mexicanus Willd.; J. arcticus Willd. var. mexicanus (Willd.) Basilev] [subg. Genuini] Two distict taxa occur
locally, var. montanus Engelmann and var. mexicanus (Willd.) Kuntze but the large series of specimens are
poorly annotated and not listed separately. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 5971 ft, Lloyd 2720 (UC1146705)
UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 2990 (UC1146745) UWyman Creek, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2789 (UC1146799).
Mono: below Barcroft lab, 12450 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8165 (JEPS29035) UMcCloud Camp, 9500 ft,
Cottonwood Creek, Duran 1609 (UC1146349) U3 mi E Crooked Creek lab, 9600 ft, H.Mooney 881 (DS, cited
by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UCrooked Creek cave, 10100 ft, Lloyd 3091 (UC1160866) USagehen Flat, 10500
ft, H.Mooney 538 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Usouth of McAfee Creek, 11900 ft, H.Mooney 618
(DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8400 ft, Mitchell 2084 (UC); 7500 ft,
Duran s.n. (RSA); 8000 ft, Duran 2565 (UC). Mineral: none.
Juncus bryoides F.J. Herm.- Moss Rush.
Uncommon, vernally moist seepage areas on rock outcrops, gopher disturbance sites in meadows, or stream
channels, above 11000 in the central portion of the range. [subg. Graminifolii]. Juncus hemiendytus F. J.
Herm. var. hemiendytus and J. h. var abjectus (F.J. Herm) B. Ertter are similar extrem dwarfs which may be
found in the alpine. Inyo: none. Mono: McAfee Meadow, 11600 ft, O.Pollak s.n. (JEPS80453), also T. Spira
s.n. (Additions II). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Juncus bufonius L. var. bufonius - Toad Rush.
Common, vernally moist clay rich soils, vernally wet flats, intermittent wetland sites, below 10700 ft
throughout the range. [subg. Poiophylli] Inyo: spring near Silver Canyon mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3672
(UC1545589, RSA437169). Mono: Crooked Cr-Cottonwood Cr divide, 9650 ft, Morefield (Additions II).
Juncus ensifolius Wikstrum var. montanus (Engelmann ) C.L. Hitch - Sword-leaved Rush.
Moist sites such as seepage areas, meadows, ditches, and riparian sites, below 9100 ft in the southern end
of the range. [subg. Ensifolii, syn. Juncus saximontanus A. Nelson] Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5600 ft,
P.H.Raven 7038 (CAS); 5600 ft, Lloyd 2989 (UC1146746); 2992 (UC1146742) UBlack Canyon, 6200 ft,
Mitchell 2121 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UWyman Canyon, 7100 ft, Lloyd 2778 (UC1256327)..
Mono:none. Esmeralda: Candelaria pipeline diversion pond, Trail Canyon, 8800 ft, Taylor 15260 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Juncus longistylis Torrey - Long-styled Rush.
Moist open to shaded sites, riparian, spring margins, meadows, 5500-10500 ft in the southern end of the
range. [subg. Graminifolii] Inyo: Silver Canyon; seep, 7200 ft, Taylor 9127 (JEPS91256, RSA407665); 6200
ft, Taylor 8714 (RSA359929) Useep near Antelope Springs, 7300 ft, Morefield (Additions III). Mono: Leidy
Creek, 7050 ft, Morefield 4154 (UC1549860) UNorth Fork Cottonwood Creek, 10300 ft, Taylor 9133
(JEPSbacklog). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Juncus macrandrus Cov.- Long-Anthered Rush.
Moist sites such as meadows, springs, riparian sites, below 9000 ft throughout the range. [subg. Ensifolii]
Inyo: Black Canyon, 8400 ft, Duran 1746 (UC1146434). Mono: Leidy Creek, 7050 ft, Morefield 4153
(UC1549859). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2525 (UC). Mineral: none.
Juncus mertensianus Bong. - Black-headed Rush.
Well drained subalpine to alpine meadows, saturated meadows, moist slopes, 8600-13000 ft throughout the
range. [subg. Septati] Inyo: none. Mono: below Barcroft lab, 12450 ft, Bacigalupi et al. 8164 (JEPS29034)
UMcAfee Creek, 11500 ft Lloyd 3313 (UC1146732), 3322 (UC1146734). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Juncus nevadensis S. Watson - Sierra Rush.
Shallow water of wet meadows, streams, seepage areas, below 10800 ft in the central portion of the range.
[subg. Septati] Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9700 ft, H.Mooney 249 (DS). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Juncus nodosus L. - Desert Rush.
Occassional in desert springs, below 7000 ft, in the southern end of the range. [subg. Septati] Inyo:
Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3024 (UC1146757). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Juncus orthophyllus Cov.- Straight-leaved Rush.
Moist open to shaded sites in meadows, on streambanks, in riparian sites, below 11000 ft throughout the
range. [subg. Graminifolii] Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 10300 ft, Taylor 9132 (JEPS91252).
Esmeralda: Indian Creek, T.E.Lankester 780 (BM). Mineral:none.
Juncus parryi Engelmann - Parry's Wire Rush.

Locally dominating subalpine and alpine snowbed sites, and open rocky slopes, 9600-12000 ft throughout
the range. [subg. Genuini] Inyo: none. Mono: east base Sheep Mtn, 10900 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8197
(JEPS29064) Unortheast of Pitue Trail Pass, 11800 ft, Lloyd 3287 (UC1146726) UMcAfee Creek, 11800 ft,
H.Mooney 610 (DS); Duran 1676 (UC1146348) Uupper Middle Creek, 11010 ft, Morefield et al. 4236
Juncus torreyi Cov. - Torrey=s Rush.
Desert seeps and springs, below 7500 ft on the southerly flanks of the range. [subg. Septati] Inyo: Antelope
Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 2992 (UC1146743) Ulower Sams’ Springs, Morefield 1678 (RSA463635) UWarm
Springs, western base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 4195 (UC1550003) USilver Canyon, 7000 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7418 (JEPS67114). Mono: White Mountains, D.R. Powell 46 (JEPS26207); Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Juncus xiphioides E. Meyer - Iris-leaved Rush.
Frequent, riparian sites, seepage areas, streambeds, below 8000 ft on the southerly end of the range. [subg.
Ensifolii] Inyo:Silver Canyon, 7000 ft, Mitchell 2462 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UBlack Canyon Spring,
7200 ft, Morefield 4342 (UC1550011, RSA466328) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Dedecker 3839
(RSA620577) UBatchelder Spring, P.A. Munz 12709 (RSA39408). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Luzula DC. Wood-Rush

1' Leaves channeled; inflorescence dense, nodding ............................................................................. L. spicata
1' Leaves flat; inflorescence erect or ascending
2. Upper culm blackish; inflorescence compact .................................................. L. orestera - Not documented
2' Upper culm green or brown; inflorescence with spreading branchlets .............. L. comosa - Not documented
Luzula spicata (L.) DC. - Spike Wood-Rush.
Tufted perennial; flowers in 2-several compact spikes or heads; seeds without caruncle; leaves 1-3 mm wide.
Uncommon in mosit alpine sites in the southern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: south of Barcroft lab,
12200 ft, H.Mooney 663 (DS) - also Morefield 2410. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
LEMNACEAE - Duckweed Family (LMN - 25)

Only one duckweed has been documented proximal to the Whites, owing principally to the lack of still water
aquatic habitats. The key includes other taxa to be sought out.
KEY TO GENERA
1. Roots present on undersides of frond; fronds laminar
Root 1 .................................................................................................................................. Lemna duckweed
2' Roots 2 or more ................................................................................Spirodela duckmeat - Not documented
1' Roots absent; fronds spherical ............................................................... Wolffia water-meal - Not documented
Lemna L. Duckweed
Lemna minuta Kunth
Floating aquatic; seperate stemless oval leaves (fronds) 0.5-1.0 mm wide, 1-2.5 mm long; upper surface flat,
smooth, both ends asymmetric; root 1 from lower frond surface (syn. L. minuscula Herter in JM)
Uncommon in desert springs in the southern end of the range Inyo:Warm Spring, 3990 ft, Morefield 3563
(UC1535044) UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 2986 (UC1300217). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
LILIACEAE - Lily Family (LIL- 39)

As traditionally composed, the Liliaceae senso lato are polyphyletic:the treatment here maintains an artificial family for
convenience, although the current family assignments of the respective genera are indicated.
KEY TO GENERA
1' Arborescent, leaves linear and spine tipped ...................................................................... Yucca - Joshua tree
1' Herbs
2. Flowers in an umbellate cluster, the entire inflorescence subtended by a bract
3' Flowers blue; onion odor lacking .................................................................................... Dichelostemma
3' Flowers pinkish white, onion odor evident ............................................................................ Allium onion
2' Flowers in a racemose or paniculate inflorescence lacking a subtending bract
4. Flowers white or blue, the sepals petaloid and very similar to the petals
5' Flowers white (cream)

6. Cauline leaves present large and well developed; rhizomatous, not bulbous
7. Plants 1-2 m tall; leaves plicate, the veins coarse; fruit a capsule ............. Veratrum corn lily
7' Plants <0.9 m tall; leaves plane and finely veined; fruit a berry
.............................................................................................. Smilacina false Solomon's seal
6' Cauline leaves reduced in size; arising directly from the ground atop a bulb; leaves linear, grass
like, <12 mm wide .................................................................................... Zigadenus deathcamas
5' Flowers blue ........................................................................... Camassia camas - None documented
4' Flowers reddish or, or greenish-browh with yellow spots and then the petals and sepals alike and both
petaloid, if white, the sepals not petaloid
8. Tepals without distinct glandular areas, these consisting of fringed patches, thickened tissue, or
evident appendages; leaves cauline, the basal often absent ............. Lilium lily - None documented
8' Tepals with evident glands or appendages
9. Outer perianth parts much more narrow and very differently colored
...................................................................................... Calochortus mariposa tulip, fairy lantern
9' Outer perianth parts very similar in size and coloration to inner; tepals spotted or mottled; red,
greenish or purplish-brown with dark spots ....................................................................... Fritillaria
Allium L. Onion
[Amaryllidaceae - Amaryllis or Onion Family]
References:
S.S. Denison and D.W. McNeal. 1989. Madrono 36:122-130; W.R. Mortola and D.W. McNeal. 1985. Aliso 11:27-35.
D.W. McNeal. 1992. Aliso 13:411-426.
1. Plants clonal from rhizomes, 5-8 dm tall; leaves iris-like; wet meadows
..............................................................................................................................A. validum - Not documented
1' Plants from ovoid bulbs; dry sites
2. Leaves solitary, cylindrical .......................................................................................................A. atrorubens
2' Leaves 2-3, flat ....................................................................................................................... A. bisceptrum
Allium atrorubens S. Watson var. cristatum (S. Watson) D. McNeal –
Colonial in heavy to sandy soil of flats and moderate slopes at 6000-9500 ft throughout the range. [syn. A.
atrorubens var. inyonis (M.E. Jones) Traub.] Inyo: Westgard Pass, J.&H. Grinnell 1040 (UC569606,
JEPS15432); P.A. Munz 13514 (RSA49256) 1353 (RSA49257); E.C. Jaeger s.n. (UCR20638); Morefield 3090
(RSA413099); C. Davidson 4292 (RSA366439) UCedar Flat, 7000 ft, Duran 3282 (UC1297355) UPayson
Canyon, 5800 ft, Dedecker 1758 (RSA615617) Uhead of Silver Canyon, 9300 ft, H.Mooney 284 (DS)
UWyman Creek, 7500 ft, Duran 1936 (UC1297348); near mouth, 5750 ft, Morefield 3527 (UC1535084,
RSA387447). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 2757 (UC) UQueen Canyon, 7100
ft, Duran s.n. (UC) U2 mi N Sugraloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15267 (UC). Mineral: none.
Allium bisceptrum S. Watson var. bisceptrum –
Frequent in moist shaded riparian sites, aspen groves, below 10500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none.
Mono: Cabin Creek, 10300 ft, Duran M49 (UC1297351) UWhite Mountains, 10500 ft, W.H.Shockley 473
(JEPS33069). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 2554 (UC) UMiddle Creek, 8600 ft, P.Train
3941 (UC) UQueen Canyon, 7100 ft, Mitchell 2760 (UC1333264), state and county erroneous in UC
database. Mineral: none.
Asparagus L.
[Asparagaceae - Asparagus Family]
*Asparagus officinalis L. ssp. officinalis –
Escaped from cultivation, waif in mosit sites below 7000 ft on the western flanks of the range. Inyo: Silver
Canyon, 5600 ft, Mitchell 1996 (UC1299839). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Calochortus Pursh Mariposa, Fairy Lantern

[Calochortaceae - Star Tulip Family]
Fruit erect at maturity (Sect. Mariposa)
1' Flowers white
2' Petal glands depressed and bordered by a membrane
3' Petals white with a longitudinal green stripe ...................................................................... C. bruneaunis
3' Petals without a green stripe, pink .................................. C. excavatus ‚ - Not documented our region
2' Petal glands not depressed nor membrane bordered .................................... C. leichtlinii - Not documented
1' Flowers orange or yellow .................................................................................................................... C. munzii
4' Petals orange .......................................................................................................................... var. kennedyi

4' Petals yellow ............................................................................................................................... var. munzii
Calochortus bruneaunis Nelson & J.F. Macbr. - Sego Lily.
Occasional, grassy to herb rich sagebrush scrub, meadow borders, pinyon woodland, below 9800
throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard Pass, J.&H.Grinnell 1043 (UC569604, JEPS15411); Lloyd 2906
(UC1389312); Mitchell & Lloyd 1726 (UC1282186); P.A. Munz 13537 (RSA49566); R.S. Woglum 3173
(RSA295225, UCR17243); E.C. Jaeger s.n. (RSA50660) UWyman Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 1680 (UC1297345);
G. Willett s.n. (RSA377382) UReed Flat, P.A. Munz 21031 (RSA113211) USilver Canyon, W.L. Jepson 8247
(JEPS17808). Mono: mouth Marble Creek, 6500 ft, Morefield 3734 (UC1545566, RSA436670, UCR60173).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 2541 (UC1297346), state and county erroneous in UC
database. Mineral: none.
Calochortus excavatus Greene - Owens Valley mariposa.
Rare in wet meadows on the floor of the Owens Valley about Bishop, and (apparently) Deep Springs Valley.
‚ CNPS List 1B ‚ Inyo: Bishop, W.H.Shockely 427 in 1886 (isotype JEPS5496) Ueast of Westgard Pass,
6000 ft, G.W. Gillett s.n., May 1934 (RSA369084). Mono: Fish Slough, L.Biever & H.C.Forbs 358
(UC1548629) is proximal and suggestive of potential occurrence in Hammil Valley. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Calochortus kennedyi Porter var. kennedyi - Desert mariposa.
Colonial and infrequent in desert scrub below 7000 ft on the southerly flanks of the range. Inyo: just E of
Wyman Creek, 5800 ft, Morefield 3519 (UC1535076, RSA387584) UDeep Springs Valley, 5300 ft, Taylor
7072 (JEPSbacklog) Uhead Sam=s Spring Canyon, 5620 ft, Morefield 3598 (UC1545335, RSA442945)
Ubetween Oasis and Deep Springs, J.&H.Grinnell 1047a (UC569586).Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Calochortus kennedyi Porter var. munzii Jepson
Colonial and infrequent in desert scrub below 7000 ft on the southerly flanks of the range. Inyo: near
Antelope Springs, 5650 ft, Morefield 3602 (Additions IV). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Dichelostemma Kunth.
[Amaryllidaceae - Onion family]
Dichelostemma capitatum (Bentham) A.W. Wood ssp. pauciflorum (Torrey) Keator - Great Basin Blue Dicks.
Infrequent, desert scrub and pinyon forest below 7000 ft [syn. Brodiaea pulchella (Salisb.) Greene,
misapplied] Inyo: western flanks Black Mtn, 5300 ft, Morefield 3373 (UC1535090); 4300 ft, 3347
(UC1535178, RSA387674). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Fritillaria L.
[Liliaceae sensu stricto, Lily Family]
1. Flowers nodding; upper cauline leaves "= lower ...................................................................... F. atropurpurea
1' Flowers erect; upper cauline leaves <2 lower ................................................... F. pinetorum - Not documented
Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt.
Scattered in sagebrush at 9000-11000 ft throughout the range [syn. Fritillaria pinetorum Davidson, misapplied in Lloyd
& Mitchell 1973]. Inyo: none. Mono: between Crooked Creek and Sheep Mtn on White Mtn Rd, 10800 ft, J.Pawek
58-11 (UC1113380) UMcCloud Camp, Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1611 (UC1297352) UCampito Mountain,
10200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7292 (JEPS61933) UCrooked Creek cave, 10100 ft, Lloyd 3265 (UC1311747). Mono: none;
Fritillaria pinetorum Davidson
Not documtned, the specimen cited as this in Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) is F. atropurpurea.
Smilacina Desf. False Solomon's-Seal

[Convallariaceae - Lily-of-the-Valley Family]
Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. ssp. sessiliflora (Baker) L. Henderson - Small False Solomon's Seal.
Infrequent, moist riparian understory, aspen groves, below 9500 ft. [syn. Mianthemum stellatum (L.) Link]
Inyo: Silver Canyon, 8000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7203 (RSA289950); 6500 ft, P.A. Munz 13555 (RSA49568)
UWyman Creek, 7650 ft, Lloyd 2809 (UC1300008); 8000 ft, G. Willett s.n. (RSA377721) UTollhouse
(Batchelder) Spring, L.C. Wheeler 8857 (RSA599953). Mono: McCloud Camp, Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft,
Duran 1619 (UC). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3074 (UC). Mineral: none.
Veratrum L. Corn Lily

[Melanthiaceae - Bunch-flower Family]
Veratrum californicum Durand var. californicum - California Corn Lily.
Sporadic, well drained or moderately humic meadows and understory of riparian thickets, below 9000 ft on
the northern end of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none; Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 9800 ft, Duran 3350
Yucca L. Spanish bayonet, yucca

[Agavaceae - Agave Family]
Yucca brevifolia Engelmann - Joshua Tree.
Scattered in desert scrub on the southeasterly flanks of the range below 6500 ft. Inyo: 1 mile up Wyman
Canyon, Duran 3170 (UC1297356). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Zigadenus Michx. Death Camas

[Melanthiaceae - Bunch-flower Family]
1. Inflorescence paniculate; flowers of main axis bisexual, those of side branches staminate, stamens 1-2 mm >
perianth ....................................................................................................................................... Z. paniculatus
1' Inflorescence racemose (rarely branched below); all flowers bisexual; stamens = perianth
.......................................................................................................................... Z. venenosus - Not documented
Zigadenus paniculatus (Nuttall) S. Watson - - Intermountain Deathcamas, Sand Corn.
Occasional, sagebrush scrub and mesic pinyon forest, below 9100 ft on the northeast slope of the range.
Inyo: near Wyman Canyon mouth, Morefield 3532 (UC1534883, RSA387443, UCR48273). Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Davis Ranch, Chiatovich Creek, 7300 ft, Duran 3061 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 7500 ft, Duran 2747
ORCHIDACEAE - Orchid Family (ORC - 51)

KEY TO GENERA
Reference: R.A. Coleman. 1996. Wild Orchids of California. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY.
1. Plants reddish, mycotrophic, lacking chlorophyll (Subfamily Epidendroideae)
......................................................................................................................................Corallorhiza coralroot
1' Plants autotrophic, green, chlorophyll present
2' Lip spurred on back; stems leafy, the cauline leaves only slightly reduced, functional at flowering; sepals
3-veined (Subfamily Orchidoideae)........................................................................ Platanthera bog orchid
4' Lip not spurred (Subfamily Neottioideae)
6. Leaves 2, opposite ..................................................................... Listera twayblade - None documented
6' Leaves many, basal or alternate
8. Flowers white; inflorescence with the flowers in spiral ranks
..................................................................................... Spiranthes ladies tresses - None documented
8' Flowers reddish; inflorescence open, flowers >2 cm long ........................... Epipactis stream orchid
Corallorhiza Chatel. Coralroot

Corallorrhiza maculata Raf. - Spotted Coralroot.
Very infrequent in deep shade and leaf litter under Betula occidentalis, riparian sites below 9000 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 6500 ft, M.Dedecker (Bristlecone Newsletter 4(3):1, July 1985).
Mono: none. Esmeralda: Queen Albert Mine, 8200 ft, Taylor 15242 (UC). Mineral: none.
Epipactis Swartz Helleborine

Epipactis gigantea Hook.- Stream Orchid.
Occasional, margin of streams, and seeps, below 9100 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Tollhouse
Springs, Lloyd 2721 (UC1299939); L.C. Wheeler 8856 (RSA599954) UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3007
(UC1300212); Mitchell & Lloyd 1746 (UC1282170) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, 5800 ft, Duran 2876
(UC1297342); 3082 (UC477386, POM219839) USilver Canyon, 5500 ft, P.A. Munz 13568 (RSA49591); 6000
ft, H.Mooney 769 (DS); 7200 ft, L.C. Wheeler 8518 (RSA607275); 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7214 (JEPS64376).
Platanthera Rich. Bog Orchid

1. Flowers green
3. Lip 4-7 mm long; spur < lip; raceme densely flowered ....................................................... P. hyperborea ‚
3' Lip 6-10 mm; spur => lip; raceme loosely flowered ................................................................. P. sparsiflora
1' Flowers white ........................................................................................................................... P. leucostachys
Platanthera tescaminis C. Sheviak - Green-flowered Bog-Orchid
Occasional, calcareous meadows and seeps on hillsides, below 11300 ft in the southerly half of the range.
[JM - Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindley, misapplied. Inyo: Marble Canyon of Black Canyon, Duran M96
(UC1297339); Black Canyon Springs, 8300 ft, Mitchell 2124 (UC1299806) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Creek,
8000 ft, Duran 3164 (UC1297341) USilver Canyon, 6800 ft, Taylor 9126 (UC1540186); 6500 ft, P.A. Munz
13554 (RSA49560). Mono: confluence Cottonwood Creek and Poison Creek, 9400 ft, Mitchell & Lloyd 1711
(UC1282191); Lloyd 2913 (UC1300088); Taylor 13021 (UC1736449) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1567
(UC1297340) UColdwater Canyon, 6000 ft, Dedekcer 5597 (RSA626174). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Platanthera leucostachys Lindl. - White-flowered Bog-Orchid.
Mucky shaded soils of small streams, about springs, and sunny meadows, below 8000 ft on the
southwestern flanks of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7216 (JEPS64404,
JEPS64403). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Platanthera sparsiflora (S. Watson) Schltr. Sparse Flowered Bog-Orchid.
Mucky shaded soils of small streams, springs, below 10000 ft on the northern end of the range. [syn.
Habenaria s. S. Watson] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7200 ft, L.C. Wheeler 8517 (RSA601989). Mono: none;
Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 9700 ft, Duran 3352 (UC). Mineral: none.
POACEAE - Grass Family (POA - 20)

The tribal affiliation of grass genera herein reflects the Gould's classification, which has more of a phyllogenetic basis than
A.S. Hitchcock's traditional school assignment of genera to tribes, as followed Munz's Flora of California. The Jepson
Manual abstained from from tribal placements. References: F.W. Gould. 1968. Grass systematics. McGraw-Hill. 382 pp.
A.S. Hitchcock. 1935. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Misc. Pub. 200:1-1040.
ARTIFICIAL KEY TO GROUPS OR TRIBES

1. Spikelets flattened dorsally, the glumes and lemmas more or less compressed dorsally; caryopsis plano-
convex; perfect floret 1; terminal spikelet subtended by either a sterile or staminate floret; spikelets
disarticulating below the glumes, either single or in pairs with segments of the rachis attached Subfamily
Panicoideae ....................................................................................................................................... GROUP 1
1' Spikelets compressed laterally, the glumes and lemmas more or less laterally compressed to sometime
terete; perfect florets 1 to many, any reduced florets, when present, above the perfect ones (exceptions
Arrhenatherum & Phalaris); spikelets disarticulating above or below the glumes, but not with an attached
rachis
2. Spikelets with 2 rudimentary florets below the terminal fertile floret
3. Sterile lemmas awned, the pair falling together and separate from the terminal, unawned fertile floret -
Tribe Aveneae................................................ Anthoxanthum odoratum vernal grass - Not documented
3' Sterile lemmas unawned; spikes lime green or yellowish; sSpiklets pedicellate in an dense ovoid
to cylindrical panicles Tribe Phalarideae ..................................... Phalaris harding, canary grasses
2' Spikelets without basal rudimentary florets
4. Spikelets sessile or subsessile; inflorescence a single spike with a flattened rachis, or 2 or more
digitately or racemosely arranged branches, or a dense globose head (the branches not evdent)
5' Spikelet with four florets, only the third fertile; low tufted plants 1 d m tall
Tribe Eragrosteae.............................................................................................Blephardachne kingii
5' Spikelets otherwise
6. Inflorescence a single spike with a flattened, often jointed rachis (Tribe Hordeae) ....... GROUP 2
6' Inflorescence digitately compound; rachis not flattened
(Tribe Chloridae) .................................................................................................................. GROUP 3
4' Spikelets pedicellate; inflorescence open to contracted, sometimes a narrow panicle or raceme
7. Spikelets 2-many flowered
8. Glumes shorter than the first floret, awnless, awned from the tip, or from a bifid apex, or awnless
........................................................................................................................... GROUP 4
8' At least the second glume longer than the lowest floret, awnless or awned dorsally (or from a
bifid apex in Danthonia, Koeleria)..................................................................................... GROUP 5
7' Spikelets 1-flowered (rarely with a rudimentary lemma on the rachilla, as in Calamagrostis)
.............................................................................................................................................. GROUP 6
GROUP 1 - SPIKELETS DORSALLY COMPRESSED

(Subfamily Panicoideae)
1. Glumes membranaceous; sterile lemma mimicking the second glume and appearing like a third glume; fertile
lemma and palea indurate, of firmer texture than the glumes (Tribe Paniceae)
2. Spikelets subtended by bristles ........................................................ Setaria bristle grass- Not documented
2' Spikelets not subtended by bristles

3. Glumes and sterile lemma awnless
4. Spikelets in 1-sided secund spikes or racemes
5. Annual; lemma of fertile floret firm but not indurate, the margins hyaline; racemes digitate
............................................................................................................................... Digitaria crab grass
5' Perennial; lemma of fertile floret relatively thick and indurate; racemes single or paired, not digitate
...................................................................................................................... Paspalum dallas grass
4' Spikelets not secund, in open to compact panicles
6. Second glume and sterile lemma "glabrous (rarely scabrous on upper nerves); basal leaves and
culm leaves similar in morphology .................................................................. Panicum panic grass
6' Second glume and sterile lemma short pilose; basal leaves in dense winter rosettes contrasting
markedly with the culm leaves .................................................................................... Dichanthelium
3' Glumes and sterile lemma awned; spikelets in irregular clusters along one side of the panicle branches;
spikelets stiffly hispid ............................................................................... Echinochloa barnyard grass
1. Glumes strongly indurate (bird-seed hard); sterile lemma, fertile lemma, and palea hyaline or membranous,
the two lemmas alike in texture (Tribe Andropogoneae)
7. Inflorescence an open to contracted panicle with spikelets alternately arranged in 1- to few-jointed
rachises ........................................................................................ Sorghum milo - waif, not documented
7' Inflorescence of 1 to many racemes, the racemes of several joints (internodes)
................................................................................................... Andropogon bluestem - Not documented
GROUP 2 - BARLEY TRIBE; SPIKELETS SESSILE, INFLORESCENCE A SPIKE

(Tribe Hordeae, with exceptions)
1. Spikelets solitary at each node of the inflorescence

2. Spikelets oriented edgewise to the inflorescence rachis, the inflorescence 2-ranked
3' Lemma awned ................................................................................................ Secale cerale - Not documented
3' Lemma awnless (Tribe Festuceae) ................................................. Lolium rye grass - Not documented
2' Spikelets oriented contrary to the inflorescence axis
4. Annual ................................................................................................. Triticum wheat - Not documented
4' Perennials
5. Spikelets spreading from the rachis, the internodes very close together (< 3 mm in the middle of the
spike) .............................................................................................. Agropyron crested wheatgrass
5' Spikelets appressed to the rachis, the internodes longer (4-25 mm in the middle of the spike)
6. Glumes thick, truncate to acute, not awned, the midvein prominent
..................................................................................................................... Elytrigia wheatgrass
6' Glumes thin, acute to acuminate, awned or not, the midvein not prominent
7. Glumes narrow, awl-like, < 2 cm .................................................................. Leymus wild rye
7' Glumes awn-like, very narrow, >2cm
8. Not rhizomatous ........................................................................................ Elymus wild rye
8’ Rhizomatous ..................................................................................................... Pascopyrum
1' Spikelets 2-several at each node of the inflorescence, not sunken into the rachis
9. Spikelets 3 at each node, the lateral pair pedicellate and often rudimentary, being reduced to awns
.............................................................................................................................. Hordeum barley, foxtail
9' Spikelets 2-3 at each node, the lateral not different
10. Glumes awl-like, lemmas merely awn-tipped, the tip never as long as the body
..................................................................................................................................... Leymus wild rye
10' Glumes acuminate, lemmas usually with an awn longer than the body; rachis disarticulating
at maturity in some species ........................................................................................ Elymus wild rye
GROUP 3 - SPIKELETS SESSILE; INFLORESCENCE DIGITATELY COMPOUND

Tribe Choloridae, with exceptions
1. Spikelets with 3-many perfect florets
2. Spikes 2-4, digitate; monoecious ........................................................................... Eleusine goose grass
2' Spikes numerous, racemosely arranged in compact to slightly elongated inflorescence; plants frequently
dioecious
3. Cespitose; lemmas scabrous, dry mountain slopes; leaves never salty tasting
Tribe Festuceae .......................................................................................................................... Leucopoa
3' Sod-forming, with long rhizomes; lemmas glabrous; leaves with salt crystals
Tribe Aeluropodeae .................................................................................................. Distichlis salt grass
1' Spikelets with a solitary perfect floret, often with additional imperfect or rudimentary florets
Tribe Chloridae
4. Spikelets in groups of 3; base of spikelet cluster hairy-tufted Pleuraphis galleta
4' Spikelets not in groups of 3; base of spikelet cluster not hairy
5. Rachis disarticulating above the glumes ....................................................... Cynodon bermuda grass
5' Rachis disarticulating below the glumes, the glumes falling with the spikelet
........................................................................................................................... Spartina saltmarsh grass
GROUP 4 - GLUMES < 1st FLORET; AWNED APICALLY
1. Tall reed-like taxa, 2-4 m tall, with large plume-like panicles; rachilla with long spreading hairs
(Tribe Arundineae).
2. Mature stems 10-15 mm diameter; most culms flowering, lemma glabrous
................................................................................................................... Phragmites swamp reedgrass
2' Mature stems 25-40 mm diameter; few culms flowering, lemma long hairy
................................................ Arundo donax giant reed - Not documented (very rare inthe Owens Valley)
1' Smaller, not reed-like, <1.2 m tall; inflorescence not large and plume like; rachilla without long spreading
hairs
3. Callus of florets bearded, lemma awnless .......................................................................... Poa blue grass
3' Callus not bearded, lemma awned or not
4. Spikelets of two kids, sterile and fertile intermixed; panicle dense, secund, nodding; fertile spikelet 2-3
flowered; sterile spikelets with numerous rigid awn-tipped lemmas; panicle dense, the branches not
evident Tribe Festuceae ................................................................Cynosurus dogtail - Not documented
4' Spikelets of one kind
5. Lemmas mostly 5- or more-nerved, if 3-nerved the nerves obscure
6. Lemmas keeled on back
7. Spikelets strongly compressed, crowded in dense, secund spikes
............................................................................................................ Dactylis orchard grass
7' Spikelets not strongly compressed (moderately compressed in some Bromus), not however
crowded into dense, secund heads
8. Spikelets large, mostly >15 mm; lemmas awned from a minutely bifid apex or awnless
................................................................................................................... Bromus brome
8' Spikelets small, mostly <10 mm long; nerves of glumes evident but not ribbed; converging
at tip; glume and lemma awnless ............................................................... Poa blue grass
6' Lemmas rounded on back
9. Glumes papery (when fresh at anthesis); spikelet disarticulating variously above or below the
glumes; with a terminal sterile floret reduced to a rudiment or otherwise different from fertile
Tribe Meliceae ..................................................................................................... Melica melic
9' Glumes not papery; spikelets disarticulating above the glumes; reduced florets if present
similar to fertile
10. Nerves of lemma parallel, not converging at the tip
11. Leaf sheath closed near the top; upper glume generally 1-veined
.......................................................................................... Glyceria manna grass
11' Leaf sheath open near the top; upper glume generally 3-nerved
12. Lemmas evidently 7-9 veined; freshwater
....................................... Torreyochloa pauciflora pond grass - Not documnented
12' Lemmas faintly 5 veined; saline-alkaline ....................... Puccinellia alkali grass
10' Nerves of lemma converging toward the apex
13. Lemmas tapered to the tip, usually awned; leaf sheaths open in the lower half
13. Annual ............................................................................ Vulpia annual fescue
13' Perennial ..................................................................................... Festuca fescue
13' Lemmas broader, or with a minutely bifid apex, sometimes awned; leaf sheaths closed
at least in the lower half
14. Spikelets small, <8 mm or so; lemmas awnless ....................... Poa blue grass
14' Spikelets larger, >15 mm; lemmas sometimes awned ............................. Bromus
5' Lemmas 3-nerved, the nerves prominent Tribe Eragrosteae
15' Lemmas pubescent; low (1dm) desert grasses
16' Lemmas deeply 3-lobed; spikelets with 4 florets, only the third fertile
................................................................................................................. Blephardachne
16' Lemmas bilobed, spikelt with 5-15 florests ............................................................ Erioneuron
15' Lemmas glabrous or scabrous, but not evidently pubescent
17. Spikelets with 2 or 3 florets ............................................................. Muhlenbergia muhly
17' Spikelets with 5 to several florets ................................................... Eragrostis love grass
GROUP 5 - GLUMES => 1st FLORET; AWNED DORSALLY IF AWNED
1. Awn of the lemma from a minutely bifid apex or lemmas awnless

2. Lemmas awned
3. Awns both flattened and geniculate Tribe Danthonieae ........................................ Danthonia oatgrass
3' Awns straight or geniculate, but not flattened Tribe Festuceae
4. Inflorescence paniculate; once-geniculate .................................................................... Bromus trinii
4' Inflorescence spicate; awn straight ................................................................ Vulpia annual fescue
2' Lemmas awnless or at most mucronate
5' Lemma 9-veined, bifid at apex; desert annuals ........................................................................ Schismus
5' Lemma 5-7 veined, not bifid at apex
6. First glume and the lemmas 5-7 mm long Tribe Aveneae .......................................... Trisetum wolfii
6' First glume 1.5-4.5 mm long; lemmas 2-5 mm long
7. Lemmas 3.2-5.2 mm long, glumes similar in shape, the second 3.2-5.5 mm long; spikelets
disarticulating above the glumes Tribe Aveneae .......................................... Koeleria june grass
7' Lemmas 2-3 mm long; glumes dissimilar, the first linear, the second oblanceolate and 2-2.8 mm
long, spikelets disarticulating below the glumes ......Sphenopholis wedge grass ‚
1' Awn dorsally attached
8. Spikelet with 2 or more perfect florets; any reduced florets terminal in the spikelet (Tribe Aveneae)
9. Spikelets large, the glumes 8-30 mm long; annual ................................................................. Avena oat
9' Spikelets smaller, the glumes 2-8 mm long; both annuals and perennials
10. Awn of lemma attached above the middle; lemmas 4-9 mm long ....................... Trisetum oat grass
10' Awn of lemma attached below the middle; lemmas 1.7-4 mm long
11. Lemmas 1-2 mm, tips with 2 slender teeth; rachilla not prolonged, bristly; floret base short-bristly
............................................... Aira caryophyllea silver hairgrass - Not documented
11' Lemmas 2-4 mm, tips truncate, with 2-4 short teeth, rachilla prolonged beyond upper floret; floret
base soft-hairy ..................................................................................... Deschampsia hair grass
8' Spikelet with 1 perfect floret and 1 staminate floret
12. Lower floret staminate and awned, the awn both geniculate and twisted, exserted; upper floret perfect
and awnless or with a small capillary awn
............................................................ Arrhenatherum elatus European oatgrass - Not documented
12' Lower floret perfect, awnless; upper floret staminate, with a hooked awn
.................................................................................................................................... Holcus velvet grass
GROUP 6 - SPIKELETS WITH A SINGLE FLORET
1. Lemma indurate, awned, permanently enclosing the palea and caryopsis, the callus well developed
2. Awn of lemma 3 cleft Tribe Aristidae ........................................................................... Aristida three awn
2' Awn of lemma not 3 cleft Tribe Stipeae
3. Glumes 2.5-4 mm; lemma awn 3-14 mm; floret base blunt
4. Lemma awn deciduous, 3-11 mm, floret 1-2.5 mm; dry slopes .................................... Piptantherum
4' Lemma awn persistant, 10-14 mm, floret ca. 4 mm, meadows ....................................... Ptilagrostis
3' Glumes 5-20 mm; lemma awn 12-100 mm; floret base sharp to somewhat blunt
5. Floret base 2-3mm, with hairs clearly > hairs on lemma body; palea = lemma, hard or stiff
............................................................................................................... Hesperostipa needle & thread
5' Floret base <2mm, with hairs generally < or = hairs on lemma body; palea < lemma, flexible
................................................................................ Achnatherum ricegrass, needlegrass
1' Lemma not indurate and permanently enclosing the caryopsis
6. Glumes, at least the second glume, longer than the floret
7. Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes
8. Glumes scabrous or ciliate on the keel or saccate at base
9. Glumes saccate at base; scabrous on keel; lemma long awned
...................................................................... Gastridium verntricosum nitgrass - Not documented
9' Glumes abruptly short-awned from an obtuse apex, keeled and ciliate on the keel
........................................................................................................................... Phleum timothy
8' Glumes unawned or not abruptly awned
10. Lemmas 1-nerved, awnless ................................................................... Sporobolus drop seed
10' Lemmas 3-5 nerved, awned or awnless
11. Lemmas awned from an entire or minutely bifid apex, the body of the lemma 3-nerved
.............................................................................................................. Muhlenbergia muhly
11' Lemmas with a dorsal awn, or if awnless, 5-nerved; glumes exceeding the lemma
12. Awn of the lemma < 4.5 mm long or absent, or if longer, arising at or below the midpoint
(in Calamagrostis purpurascens); lemma membranous
13. Callus of floret bearded, the hairs >0.5 mm long; palea well developed, rachilla
prolonged beyond the palea ............................................ Calamagrostis reed grass
13' Callus of floret glabrous to minutely scabrous; palea often absent or poorly developed;
rachilla usually not prolonged behind the palea
........................................................................................... Agrostis bent grass
12' Awn of the lemma evident, more than 5.5 mm long, arising from just below the apex of the
lemma; lemma firm ........................................................................... Apera maimed bent
7' Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, the spikelets falling entire
14. Glumes awned
15. Lemmas 0.7-1.5 mm long, anthers small, 0.4-0.7 mm long
....................................................................................................... Polypogon rabbit's-foot grass
15' Lemmas 1.7-2.5 mm long; anthers large, 1.1-2.3 mm long ............................................... Phleum
14' Glumes awnless
16. Lemma with a short awn from the bifid apex; panicle open
........................................................... Cinna bolanderi mountain reedgrass ‚ - Not documented
16' Lemma awned from the middle or below; panicle dense ........................................... Alopecurus
6' Glumes shorter than the floret
17. Glumes or lemma awned ...................................................................................... Muhlenbergia muhly
17' Glumes and lemma awnless Tribe Eragrosteae
18. Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes; panicles dense
........................................................................................ Crypsis prickle grass - Not documented
18' Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes; panicles open
19. Lemmas 1-nerved; fruit with ovary wall not fused (thus, not a true caryopsis)
............................................................................................................... Sporobolus dropseed
19' Lemmas 3-nerved; fruit a true caryopsis ................................................ Muhlenbergia muhly
Achnatherum P. Beauv. Needlegrass

1. Basal segment of awn long hairy, many hairs >1mm
2. Hairs of upper lemma =>l in length to hairs of basal awn segment
3. Awn once geniculate; uppermost ligule 0.3-1 mm long, long ciliate ....................................A. speciosum
3' Awn twice geinculate; uppermost ligure 2-8 mm long, glabrous
4. Palea 2/3 - 3/4 lemma length ........................................................................................ A. nevadensis
4' Pales 1/3 - 2 lemma length .........................................................................................A. occidentalis
5. Hairs of lemma tip > hairs of awn base ............ A. occidentalis ssp. pubescens - Not documented
5' Hairs of lemma tip = hairs of awn base ....................................... A. occidentalis ssp. californica
2' Hairs of upper lemma < hairs of lower awn segment ......................................................... A. thurberianum
1' Basal segment of awn scabrous
6. Hairs of lemma tip < 2 mm
7= Distal segment of awn wavy ................................................................................................. A. aridum ‚
7= Distal segment of awn straight
8. Palea 2/3 - 2/3 lemma length............................................................................................... A. nelsonii
8a. Awn < 31 mm long; glabrous patch on adaxial side of callus not extending beyond the callus tip
or only 0.18 mm so ......................................................................................................... ssp. dorei
8b. Awn 22-55 mm long, glabrous patch on adaxial side of callus acute to acuminate, 0.08-0.7 mm
long ........................................................................................................................... ssp. nelsonii
8' Palea > 3/4 lemma length
9. Floret 5.5-7 mm long, somewhat compressed ................................A. lemmonii - Not documented
9' Floret 4.6-6 mm long, cylindric ................................................................................. A. lettermanii
6' Hairs of lemma tip 2-7 mm

10. Awn 3-11 mm long, straight, readily deciduous
11. Inflorescence diffuse, open, with the branchlets widely spreading
.............................................................................................................................. A. hymenoides
11' Inflorescence dense, branches and pedicles ascending ............................................... A. webberi
10' Awn 13-44 mm long, once or twice geniculate, persistent
12= Haris of lemma tip 1-7 mm, > hairs at midpoint .............................................................A. parishii
12= Hairs of lemma tip = hairs at lemma midpoint ........................................................... A. pinetorum
Achnatherum aridum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth - Mormon needlegrass.
Infrequent, calcareous or basic substrata below 7000 ft on the southerly end of the range.‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚
Inyo: none. Mono: mouth of McAfee Creek, 5300 ft, Morefield 3617 (UC1545310). Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & Schultes) Barkworth - Indian ricegrass.
Frequent in loose (often very sandy) soils and dunes, below 11500 ft throughout the range. [syn. Oryzopsis
h. (R&S.) Ricker] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 9800 ft, W.L.Jepson 7348 (JEPS70582) UWyman Creek, 9500 ft,
Duran 1740 (UC1146367); 8300 ft, Lloyd 2796 (UC1146738) UWestgard Pass, W. Havowitz s.n. (UC572186);
narrows, 6950 ft, Lloyd 2761 (UC1146739); 6450 ft, 2736 (UC1146791) Umouth of Mollie Gibson Canyon,
6960 ft, Lloyd 2953 (UC1146806) UGrandview Campground, D. Charleton 4445 (UCR160818). Mono:
Crooked Creek lab, 10100 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8043 (JEPS28153); cave, 10000 ft, Lloyd 3202 (UC1160861)
UPatriarch Grove, 11100 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8169 (JEPS29039) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran M41
(UC1146366) USheep Mountain, 11000 ft, E.R. Blakley 4646 (SBBG11273) Uheadwaters Cottonwood Creek,
11500 ft, Taylor 15246 (JEPS104908) Umouth of McAfee Creek, 5300 ft, Morefield 3619 (UC1545312)
Unear Black Warrior Mine, 6380 ft, Morefield 3973 (UC1545394). Esmeralda: Queen Canyon, 7800 ft,
Mitchell 2672 (UC1160861, UTC126747). Mineral: none.
Achnatherum lettermanii (Vasey) Barkworth - George W. Letterman's Needlegrass.
Uncommon, aspen groves and mesic canyon slopes in open forest, below 9000 ft on the northern end of the
range. [syn. Stipa l. Vasey]. Inyo: none; Mono: none; Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 9000 ft, Morefield 4676
(WMRS, Additions V). Mineral: none.
Achnatherum nelsonii (Scribner) Barkworth ssp. dorei Barkworth & J. Maze – William G. Dore=s Needlegrass.
Infrequent, mesic flats, mesic open forest sites, below 9300 ft on the northern end of the range [syn. Stipa
columbiana Macoun, misapplied]. Our only record is atypical in form an habitat, and may be of hybrid
origin. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda:Dry Creek, 6980 ft, Morefield 4649 (Additions V). Mineral:
none.
Achnatherum nelsonii (Scribner) Barkworth ssp. nelsonii – Aven Nelson=s Needlegrass.
Infrequent, mesic flats, mesic open forest sites, below 10300 ft on the northern end of the range. [JM - not in
California] Inyo: none; Mono: none; Esmeralda: Queen Canyon-Trail Canyon saddle, 9720 ft, Morefield
4302 (Additions IV). Mineral: none.
Achnatherum nevadense (B. Johnson) Barkworth - Sierra Needlegrass.
Open pinyon woodland, open forest, sagebrush scrub, windswept sites in the alpine, below 12000 ft
throughout the range. [Stipa nevadensis B. Johnson] Inyo: White Mtn Rd 3.7 mi S Mono Co line, 9700 ft,
R.Bacigalupi et al. 8205 (JEPS29070, UCD51054) Unorth end Reed Flat, 10400 ft, J.&L. Roos 5107 (RSA,
UC162388). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Indian Creek, 6000 ft, T.E. Lankester 757 (BM). Mineral: none.
Achnatherum occidentale (Thurber) Barkworth
ssp. californicum (Merr. & Burtt Davy) Barkworth - California needlegrass.
Dry sagebrush flats, rocky slopes and open dry forest understory, 6000-12400 ft [syn. Stipa californica Merr.
& Burtt-Davy; A. occidentale ssp. o., misapplied] Inyo: none. Mono: head of Cottonwood Creek, 11300 ft,
Duran 2605 (UC1146388) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1584 (UC1146389). Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Achnatherum parishii (Vasey) Barkworth - Parishs Brother’s needlegrass.
Slopes on well drained to rocky soils below 9000 ft on the southern end of the range. Inyo: Cedar Flat,
Dedecker 5373 (RSA641528) Umouth of Mollie Gibson Canyon, 6960 ft, Lloyd 2957 (UC1146807) UW face
of Black Mtn, 5150 ft, Morefield 3554 (UC1535007) UMarble Canyon of Black Canyon, Dedecker 3849
(RSA620567) USilver Canyon, 7500 ft, A.M. Alexander & L. Kellogg 4273 (UC736249). Mono: mouth of
Coldwater Canyon, 5100 ft, Morefield 3428 (UC1534854) Umouth of McAfee Creek, 5300 ft, Morefield 3616
(UC1545309) Uheadwaters Crooked Creek, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26130 (UC739128, UTC66956).
Achnatherum pinetorum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth - Pine Needlegrass.
Alpine ridges, and uncommon in other sites such as open Bristlecone pine forest, sagebrush and scrub,
5500-12500 ft throughout the range. [syn, S. pinetorum Jones] Inyo: summit trail Silver Canyon to Big
Prospector Meadow, 9500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7243a (JEPS70755) UWhite Mtn Rd, 7700 ft, Lloyd 3030
(UC1146759) USchulman Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4291 (UCR121953). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 10000 ft,
Duran 1656 (UC1146361); McCloud Camp, 9500 ft, Duran M105 (UC1146362) UCrooked Creek lab, 10200
ft, S.F. Cook s.n. (UC1155242) UPiute Mountain, J.&L. Roos 5130 (UC1023382) Usouth of Piute Trail Pass,
11100 ft, H.Mooney 642 (DS) UCampito Mountain, W.L.Jepson 7296 (JEPS458). Esmeralda: 2 mi N
Sugraloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15271 (UC). Mineral: none.
Achnatherum speciosum (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth - Desert Needlegrass.
Infrequent, sandy or well drained substrate in desert scrub below 8000 ft throughout the range. [syn. Stipa
speciosa Trin. & Rupr.] Inyo: Marble Canyon of Black Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran 3013 (UC1146360)
UWestgard Pass Rd, 5400 ft, Lloyd 2687 (UC1146713) Ucanyon 1.45 mi SE Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield
3411 (UC1534840). Mono: mouth of McAfee Creek, 5300 ft, Morefield 3618 (UC1545311) Ualluvial fan
Morris Creek, Morefield 3792 (UC1545393). Esmeralda: mouth Pinchot Creek, 6500 ft, Duran 3269 (UC).
Mineral: none.
Achnatherum thurberianum (Piper) Barkworth – Geo. Thurber's Needlegrass
Occasional, open canyon slopes and dry sagebrush or pinyon flats, below 8500 ft on the southern end of the
range. [syn. Stipa thruberiana Piper] Inyo: Cedar Flat, 8500 ft, J.& L.Roos 5087 (UC1023377). Mono:
mouth Marble Creek, Morefield 3754 (UC1545562). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Achnatherum webberi (Thurber) Barkworth – David G. Weber's Needlegrass.
Infrequent, open rocky slopes in scrub, below 9000 ft throughout the range. [syn. Oryzopsis webberi
(Thurber) Benth.] Inyo: Cedar Flat, 7400 ft, H.Mooney 371 (DS) UWhite Mtn Rd, 7800 ft, H.Mooney 348
(DS); 8000 ft, J. & L. Roos 5819 (UCR19281). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8200 ft, Duran 3088
Agropyron Gaertn.
*Agropyron desertorum (Fischer) Schultes - Crested Wheatgrass.
Disturbed or grazed sagebrush scrub, meadows, roadsides, below 8500 ft throughout the range. Agropyron
cristatum (L.) Gaertner, with inflorescence internodes < 1 mm, spikelets spreading should be sought in our
area, as should A. fragile Roth (syn. A. sibiricum Willd), with lemma awn < 1 mm. Inyo: none; Mono:
Crooked Creek, J.C. Roos s.n. (UCR25714). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 7950 ft, Morefield (Additions III),
Taylor 15261 (UC). Mineral: none.
Agrostis L. Bent Grass

1. Mature Inflorescence open, pyramidal, spikelets spaced, inflorescence axis clearly visible
2. Palea absent or minute
3. Leaves in basal tufts, the cauline leaves few and small; inflorescence outline as long as wide,
primary axes flexible, the lower spreading ............................................................................ A. scabra
3' Leaves cauline as well as basal; inflorescence "2x longer than wide, primary axes stiff, ascending
........................................................................................................................................A. idahoensis
2' Palea evident, ">3 lemma ...................................................................................................... A. stolonifera
1. Mature inflorescence "cylindric, dense, spikelets crowded, at least some portions of inflorescence axis
not clearly visible; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long
4. Spikelet disarticulating below the glumes, the glumes falling with the floret
.................................................................................................................A. semiverticillata
4. Spikelets disarticulating with the glumes persistent
5. Culms 4-8 dm tall
6. Palea > 2/3 lemma ................................................................................................................. A. viridis
6' Palea < 1/3 lemma ............................................................................................................... A. exarata
7. Lemma prominently awned, the awn 3-5 mm long, geniculate
........................................................................................A. exarata var. monolepis - Not documented
7' Lemma unawned or with a rudimentary, straight awn ..................................... A. exarata var. exarata
5. Culms 1-2 dm tall
8. Palea absent ..................................................................................................................... A. variabilis
8' Palea 1-1.5 mm long not documented ........................................................................... A. humilis ‚
Agrostis exarata Trin. var. exarata - Spike redtop
Moist meadows, ditches, and moist roadsides at altitude, below 8300 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Silver
Canyon, 5770 ft, Morefield 4789 (UC1552017, RSA486163) UCottonwood Canyon, 6000 ft, Morefield 4794
(RSA486158). Mono:Piute Creek, 7000 ft, Taylor 8582 (UC1520642) Umouth McAfee Creek, 5300 ft,
Agrostis idahoensis Nash - Idaho tickelgrass.
Typicaly in boggy meadows, fens, and dripping subalpine cliffs. [syn. A. filiculmis M.E. Jones] Inyo: none.
Mono: White Mtns, 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 614 (JEPS78066) UGranite Meadow, Taylor 9176 (JEPS).
Agrostis scabra Willd.- Tickelgrass. ]

Seepage areas, streambeds, seasonally inundated sites, below 10500 ft [syn. A. hiemalis (Walter) Britton].
Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1620 (UC1146412) UCabin Creek, 10300 ft, Duran
2549 (UC1146413). Esmeralda: Old Davis Ranch, Chiatovich Creek, Shockley 617 (JEPS78187). Mineral:
none.
*Agrostis semiverticillata (Forsskal) C. Chr.
Infrequent in moist sites about springs and streams on the lower, southerly flanks of the range. [syn.
Polypogon s. (Forsskal) Hylander] Inyo: Silver Canyon, Duran M104 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
UAntelope Springs, P.H. Raven 7046 (CAS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) UMarble Canyon, Dedecker 3846
*Agrostis stolonifera L.- Creeping Bent.
Banks of irrigation ditches, lawns and irrigated pasture in the flanking valley bottoms, and moist sites,
below 8400 ft. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran M103 (UC1146411) UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd
3012 (UC1146753). UWyman Canyon, Duran 3148 (UC477891, RSA4373). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Agrostis variabilis Rydberg
Uncommon in moist sites on riparian and meadow borders on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Tollhouse
Springs, Lloyd 2690 (UC1146709) USilver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran M104 (UC1146353); A.A. Heller 8342
*Agrostis viridis Gouan - Water bentgrass.
Banks of irrigation ditches, lawns and irrigated pasture in the flanking valley bottoms, and moist sites,
below 8400 ft. [syn. A. semiverticillata (Forsskal) C. Chr.] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran M104
(UC1146353); A.A.Heller 8342 (UC162394); spring 1 mi S of mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3125 (UC1523866,
RSA347386, UCR44063) UTollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2690 (UC1146709). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Alopecurus L.
1. Awn exserted beyond the glumes, the awns 5-8 mm long.............................................................. A. pratensis
1' Awn scarcely, if at all, exceeding the glumes; the awns 0.7-2.5 mm long ........................................ A. aequalis
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis - Short-awned foxtail.
Meadows and wet seasonally inundated depressions, at 7000-110000 ft on the northern end of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7100 ft, Taylor (Additions I). Mineral: none.
Alopecurus pratensis L. - Hay foxtail.
Meadows, and irrigated pasture in the Owens Valley, ascending into the mountains below 9000 ft. Inyo
Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8100 ft, Morefield 2176 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
none; Mineral: none
Apera Adans.
*Apera interrupta (L.) Beauv. –
Sporadic weed of lower slopes, washes, on the western flank of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: mouth
Furnace Creek, 5580 ft, Morefield 4401 (UC1545523). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Aristida L.
1. Awns < 3.5 cm
2' Tip of lemma gen < 0.2 mm wide, awns delicate, gen < 0.2 mm wide at base
............................................................................................................................... A. purpurea var. nealleyi
2' Tip of lemma >0.2 mm; awns stiff, >0.2 mm wide at base
................................................................................................................................A. purpurea var. wrightii
1' Awns 4-10 cm .........................................................................................................A. purpurea var. longiseta
Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. longiseta (Steudel) Vasey
Uncommon and colonial on alluvial fan settings, desert scrub below 7000 ft on the west slope of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: mouth of Queen Dicks Canyon, 6080 ft, Morefield 3769 (UC1545383, UCR60062).
Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. nealleyi (Vasey) K.W. Allred
Uncommon and in desert scrub below 6000 ft on the southern end of the range. [IMF - var. glauca (Nees) A.
Holmgren & N. Holmgren] Inyo: below upper Sam's Spring, 6010 ft, Morefield 4000 (UC1549908,
RSA463790). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. wrightii (Nash) K.W. Allred - Desert three-awn.
Frequent on calcareous rocks in the southern end the range below 8000 ft. Inyo: Morefield (Additions III).
Mono: none; Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Blepharidachne Hackel
Blepharidachne kingii (S. Watson) Hackel - King=s eyelashes.
Frequent in desert pavement, rocky slopes, washes, in desert scrub below 6500 ft on the lower flanks of the
range. Inyo: near Antelope Springs, Morefield 1920 (RSA463669). Mono: at mouth of McAfee Creek, 5150
ft, Morefield 3048 (UC1523901). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none
Bouteloua Lag. Gramma

1' Annual, spikes 3-6 per culm .............................................................................................................. B. barbata
1' Perennial, spikes usually soiltary ....................................................................................................... B. gracilis
Bouteloua barbata Lagasca var. barbata - Six weeks gramma.
Scattered in desert scrub on the lower flanks of the range, appearing after adequate summer rains. Inyo:
Deep Springs Valley, G. Helmkamp 2488 (RSA615426, UCR100355) Umouth Wyman Canyon, Morefield
2515 (RSA327731). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Griffiths - Blue gramma
Infrequent on the lower northeast slopes of the range, below 9000 ft. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda:
Trail Canyon, 8000 ft, Duran 3353 (UC). Mineral: none.
Bromus L. Brome
Reference:
L.E. Pavilck. 1995. Bromus L. of North America. Royal British Columbia Museum
1. Annuals, introduced
2. Lemmas broad, rounded apically, not acuminate, the teeth mostly less than 1 mm long; first glume 3-5
nerved (Sect. Bromus execpt where noted )
3. Panicles open
4' Lemma margins inrolled; lemmas not overlapping in fruit; caryopsis thick, strongly inrolled
............................................................................................................ B. secalianus - Not documented
4' Lemma margins open, not inrolled; lemmas not overlapping in fruit; caryopsis thin, weakly inrolled
5. Pancile branches evidently sinuously curved; awns 10-16 mm long
....................................................................................................... B. arenarius - Not documented
5' Panicle branches straight; awns <10 mm long
6. Panicle branches generally drooping, awns divergent ........... B. japonicus - Not documented
6' Panicle branches generally erect; awns strict
7. Spikelets laterally compressed, lemmas laterally compressed and keeled at least distally
Sect. Ceratochloa ......................................................................................... B. catharticus
7' Spikelts " terete, lemmas not laterally compressed in the least
Sect. Bromous ..................................................................... B. japonicus - Not documented
3' Panicle dense, compact; lemmas >3 mm wide; inflorescence ovoid and the branches very dense
........................................................................................................................................... B. hordeaceus
2' Lemmas narrow, elongate, tapering at the tip, the teeth 2-5 mm long; 1st glume 1-nerved (mostly Sect.
Genea)
8. Panicle erect, contracted, often purplish with age; awns 1-2 cm long
9. Awn twisted through 1 or more turns (Sect. Neobromus) ..........................................B. berteroanus
9' Awn straight, if twisted than < half a turn
10. Stems pubescent, panicle dense, becoming deep red at maturity ................................. B. rubens
10' Stems glabrous, the panicle open, not deep red .........................B. madritensis - Not documented
8' Panicle open, with spreading or drooping branches
11. Drooping panicle conspicuously secund; spikelets 1-2 cm long; awn 12-14 mm long
...................................................................................................................................... B. tectorum
11' Panicle not secund; spikelets 2.5-4 cm long; awns 2-5 cm long
12. Lemmas 17-20 mm long; awns 2-3 cm long; 1st glume 7-9 mm long
.............................................................................................................. B. sterilis - Not documented
12' Lemmas 25-30 mm long; awns 3.5-5 cm long, 1st glume 16-20 mm long
.......................................................................................................... B. diandrus - Not documented
1' Perennial, many are native
13. Spikelets laterally flattened, the lemmas compressed and distally keeled (Sect. Ceratochloa)
14' Awn wanting or <3.5 mm long; lemma nerves prominent most of the length .................... B. catharticus
14' Awn >5mm long; lemma nerves variable, obscure to prominent on distal half
15' Awns 7-15 mm long; lower panicle branches wide-spreading; lemmas " uniformly pubescent
..................................................................................................................................... B. carinatus
15' Awns 4-7 mm long; lower panicle branches ascending; lemmas glabrous, scabrous or pubescent
apically
16. Sheaths glabrous; lemmas glabrous, spikelets 7-11 flowered
................................................................................................. B. marginatus - Not documented
16' Sheaths retrorsly pilose; lemmas pubescent, spikelets 7 or 8 flowered
.......................................................................................................B. polyanthus - Not documented
13' Spikelets cylindrical at anthesis, somewhat flattened on drying, the lemmas not compressed-keeled (Sect.
Bromopsis)
17. Inflorescence erect; rhizomatous; upper glume 6-10 mm, 1-2 mm > lower glume; lemma body 8-12
mm long; awn <2.5 mm long ...............................................................................................B. inermis
17' Inflorescence nodding; cespitose
18= Lemma awns > 3 mm ..................................................................................................... B. ciliatus
18= Lemma awns < 3 mm ..................................................................................................... B. porteri
*Bromus berteroanus Colla - Chile brome.
Occassional in scrub or pinyon woodland below about 7000 ft on the western flanks of the range. [JM -
Bromus trinii Desv] Inyo: common west slope Whites, Morefield 3351 (UC1535182, RSA387677) USW base
Black Mtn, Morefield 3591 (UC1545306, RSA442951, UCR60050). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none. Mineral:
none.
Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott var. marginatus (Nees ex Steud.) C. Hitchcock
Scattered in mosit settings on the lower flanks and canyon slopes in the southern end of the range. [JM -
not recognized, but see Stebbins. 1981. Bot. Jahrb. Sys. 102:359-380. and not including B. polyanthus
Scrib.] Inyo:Marble Canyon of Black Canyon, 5700 ft, Duran 3022 (UC1146404). Mono: Crooked Creek,
9500 ft, Duran 1563 (UC1146355). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
*Bromus catharticus Vahl - Rescue grass.
Occassional in moist settings in crub or pinyon woodland below about 7000 ft on the southwestern flanks of
the range. [syn. B. unloioides Kunth] Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran M101 (UC1146354); 0.7 mi S of
mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3676 (UC1545593. RSA437161, UCR60071). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none.
Mineral: none.
Bromus ciliatus L.
Occasisonal in mosit sagebrush, edge of riparian zone settings, at mddle elevations in the central portion of
the range. [JM - includes B. richardsonii Link, which may also be in our area.] . Inyo: none. Mono:
Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1621 (UC1146405); North Fork, 10580 ft, Morefield 3098 (UC1523926,
UCR44093). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
*Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordaceus - Soft Chess.
Sporadic annual of disturbed sites, roadsides, campgrounds, and from discarded hay or feed, below about
9000 ft throughout the range. [syn. B. mollis L.] Inyo: none. Mono: near mouth Furnace Creek, Fish
Lake Valley watershed, 5580 ft, Morefield 4730 (Additions V). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Bromus inermis Leys. ssp. inermis
Known from a single report. Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, under Populus tremuloides, H.Mooney
813 (DS). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
Bromus porteri (J.M. Coulter) Nash.
[JM - included within B. anomalus Rupr ex. Fourn which Pavlick maintains as distinct] Inyo: head Wyman
Canyon, 10400 ft, J.&L. Roos 5095 (RSA71789). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9200 ft, Lloyd 3300
(UC1146730); South Fork Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, H.Mooney 460 (DS) USagehen Flat, 10500 ft,
H.Mooney 539 (DS) U:-mile west of Barcroft gate, H.Mooney 649 (DS). Esmeralda: none. Mineral: none.
*Bromus rubens L. - Red Brome
Frequent in desert scrub, often restricted to shrub crowns, and sporadic elsewhere throughout the range.
[JM - Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens (L.) Husnot] Inyo: 7.4 mi W Westgard Pass, 5000 ft, Lloyd 2645
(UC1146715) Unear Black Canyon Mine, 5700 ft, Duran 3005 (UC1146402) U1 mile up Silver Canyon,
Duran M40 (UC1146403) Uwestern base Black Mtn, 4350 ft, Morefield 3589 (UC1545304, RSA442922,
UCR59959.1) US slope Crysta Pk, Morefield 1843 (RSA463899). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none. Mineral:
none.
*Bromus tectorum L. – Cheat grass
Frequent in desert scrub to pinyon woodland, less common into the subalpine, throughout the range below
10800 ft. [includes var. glabratus Spn., fma. nudus (Klett. & Richt.) St.John, the form with glabrous
spikelets] Inyo: Antelope Springs, P.H.Raven 7050 (CAS) USilver Canyon, 7100 ft, Lloyd 2860 (UC1146786,
NY664628) UTollhouse Springs, Lloyd 2698 (UC1146712, NY664619) Usw base of Black Mountain, 4350 ft,
Morefield 3590 (UC1545305. RSA442952, UCR59960) Unear Antelope Springs, Morefield 1911 (RSA463569).
Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8050 ft, Duran 3067 (UC, NY664687). Mineral: none.
Calamagrostis Adans. Reedgrass

1. Inflorescence an open panicle

2. Awn generally < glumes; culms 0.5-1.5 dm tall not documented ........................................... C. canadensis
2' Awn > glumes; culms 0.1-0.3 dm tall not documented................................................................C. muiriana
1' Inflorescence dense, cylindrical
3. Awn > glumes; dry alpine ridges ........................................................................................C. purpurascens
3' Awn < glumes; moist forested sites .................................................................................................C. stricta
4. Margins of glumes translucent; leaf blades 2-4 mm wide, involute; ligule 1-3 mm long
not documented ............................................................................................................C. stricta ssp. stricta
4' Margins of glumes opaque; leaf blades 3-6 mm wide, flat; ligule 2-6 mm
.............................................................................................................................. C. stricta ssp. inexpansa
Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. var. purpurascens - Alpine reedgrass.
Frequent, alpine ridges and slopes in winter snow free sites, 10000-13800 ft throughout the range, rarely in
open sites down to ca. 8000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono: hill W of Wyman Creek, 10500 ft, H.Mooney 529 (DS)
Uhead Cottonwood Creek, 11750 ft, Duran 2585 (UC1146400) Unear Barcroft lab, 12600 ft, R.Bacigalupi et
al. 8119 (JEPS28248) UCounty Line Hill, W.L.Jepson 7362 (JEPS68477) UCrooked Creek cave, 10000 ft,
Lloyd 3069 (UC1160869) Udivide between N fork of Cottonwood Creek and Toler Creek, 11050 ft, Morefield
3103 (UC1523931, UCR44105) UMontgomery-Marble Creek divide, 11330 ft, Morefield et al. 4117
(UC1549883). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran M102 (UC). Mineral: none.
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. inexpansa (A. Gray) C.W. Greene - Mountain Reedgrass.
Infrequent, moist riparian, moist forest understory, meadow margins, at 9000-10500 ft in the central portion
of the range [syn. C. neglecta (Ehrn.) Gaertner et al.] Inyo: none. Mono: Granite Meadow, North Fork
Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, Taylor 9175 (UC1540237). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Cynodon L.
*Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. - Bermuda Grass.
Frequent, weed of lawns, irrigation ditches, roadsides, and ruderal sites in the Owens Valley, generally below
5000 ft, and just entering our western flanks Inyo: spring near Silver Canyon, 4250 ft, Morefield 3123
(UC1523864, RSA347389, UCR44061). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Dactylis L.
*Dactylis glomerata L. - Orchardgrass.
Planted for fodder in irrigated pasutre, and escaping in wet sites below about 10000 ft throughout the range.
Inyo: Roberts Ranch, Wyman Canyon, 8100 ft, Morefield 2175 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: none;
Deschampsia P. Beauv. Hairgrass

1. Annual .................................................................................................................................... D. danthonioides
1' Perennial
2. Inflorescence narrow, <1 cm wide; basal leaf blades "1 mm wide ................. D. elongata - Not documented
2' Inflorescence open, 5-10 cm wide; basal leaf blades 3-7 mm wide ......................................... D. caespitosa
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. ssp. cespitosa Tufted Hairgrass.
Frequent, wet meadows, steep alpine seepage areas, streambanks, below 14200 ft throughout the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: North Fork Crooked Creek, 10100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7267 (UC815210, JEPS68488), 7273
(JEPS68489); 9500 ft, Duran 1531 (UC1146409); 10100 ft, Lloyd 3219 (UC1160862); 10000 ft, Duran M42
(UC1146410); 9850 ft, Lloyd 2883 (UC1146788) UCrooked Creek lab, 10100 ft, Lloyd 3109 (UC1146764)
UWhite Mountains, 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 612 (JEPS78032) Uhead of Cottonwood Creek, Duran 2588
(UC1146407) UBarcroft gate, 11600 ft, H.Mooney 639 (DS) UWhite Mountain Peak, 14000 ft, H.Mooney 494
(DS) UPellisier Flats, 12700 ft, Mitchell 2272 (UC1146735). Esmeralda:Trail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2510
Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro. - Annual Hairgrass.
Infrequent, vernally wet sites below 7000 ft on the northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: none.
Esmeralda: Sand Spring, 5500 ft, Morefield 1996 (WMRS, Additions III). Mineral: none.
Dicanthelium (Hitch. & Chase) Gould

Reference: R. Spellenberg. 1975. Madroño 23:134-153.
Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Ell.) Gould var. fasciculatum (Torrey) Spellenberg - Seep Panicgrass.
Infrequent, subalkaline seepage areas, hot springs, ephemeral streambeds, below 8000 ft. [syn. Panicum
acuminatum Sw., sensu lato; Panicum occidentale Scribner, Panicum acuminatum var. lindheimeri (Nash)
Lelong] Inyo:Marble Canyon of Black Canyon, 5800 ft, Dedecker 3840 (RSA620576); 6100 ft, Morefield
2087 (WMRS, Additions III) UFalls Canyon, 6600 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4366 (UC1549827). Mono:
Digitaria Haller
*Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. - Hairy Crabgrass.
Infrequent, moist areas, lawns, ruderal sites, below 4000 ft in the Owens Valley. Inyo: Owens Valley lab, Taylor
(obs) - vouchered from Bishop by S.N.Zufelt 102 (UC1256268) and to be expected in the Whites as an occasional waif.
Distichlis Raf.
Reference: A.A. Beetle. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70:638-650.
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene var. stricta (Torrey) Beetle - Desert Saltgrass.
Common, subalkaline meadows, moist gullies, hot or minzeralized springs, below 8000 on the lower flanks
of the range. Inyo: springs northeast of Antelope Springs, 5680 ft, Lloyd 3019 (UC1146755) USilver
Canyon, 4500 ft, Duran 3459 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) U1 mile up Wyman Canyon, 5450 ft, Duran
3130 (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Echinochloa P. Beauv.
1' Primary inflorescence branches 1-3 cm; spikelet 2-3 mm, "1-1.5 mm wide; lemma of lower floret acute
....................................................................................................................... E. colona - Not documented
1' Primary inflorescence branches 3-7 cm, spikelet 3-4 mm, "1.5-2 mm wide; lemma of lower floret acuminate
.......................................................................................................................................E. crus-gali
*Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. - Barnyard Grass
Common weed of roadsides, ditches, and similar moist ruderal sites, bewlow 7000 ft throughout the range.
Inyo:Owens Valley lab, Taylor (obs). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Sand Spring, 5500 ft, Morefield (Additions
III). Mineral: none.
Elymus L. Wild Rye

Reference: M.E. Barkworth & D.R. Dewey. 1985. Am. J. Bot. 72:767-776; 1997, Phytologia 83(5):345-365.
1. Glumes awl-like, not flattened at base; awn 25-100 mm
2. Glumes divided into 3+ outward curving awns; auricles evident, 0.5-1.5 mm ...........................E. multisetus
2' Glumes not divided, or divided into 2 awns only; auricles obscure, <0.5 mm ........................... E. elymoides
3. All glumes undivided; lower floret fertile, not glume-like
not documented.......................................................................................... E. elymoides ssp. brevifolius
3' Some glumes divided into 2 awns; glume awn => lemma awn ................. E. elymoides ssp. elymoides
1' Glumes flat, the base > 1.5 mm wide; awn < 25 mm
4. Inflorescence with 2-4 spikelets at lower nodes ...............................................E. glaucus - Not documented
4' Inflorescence with spikelets solitary at nodes
5. Lemmas with curved awns; well drained alpine snowbeds
6' Spikelets 9-15 mm; infructescence disarticulating at maturity .................................... E. scribneri ‚
6' Spikelets 10-18 mm; infructescence dispersing intact, the entire unit blowing about
............................................................................................... E. sierrae (alpine Sierra) - Not documented
5' Lemmas lacking awns or with small, straight awns; anthers 1-2.5 mm ling; most inflorescence
internodes < 15 mm ......................................................................................................... E. trachycaulus
7. Lemma awn 8-30 mm, > lemma ............................ E. trachycaulus ssp. secundus - Not documented
7' Lemma awn < 7 mm, < lemma ................................................... E. trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus
Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey ssp. elymoides - Squirreltail.
Frequent in a wide array of dry site habitats at all elevations throughout the range. Elymus elymoides (Raf.)
Swezey ssp. brevifolius (J.G. Smith) Barkworth was reported as present in Additions IV but the cited specimen is
ssp. elymoides. [Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G.Smith] Inyo: summit of trail from Silver Canyon to Big
Prospector Meadow, 9500 ft, W.L.Jepson 7243 (JEPS70703) UWestgard Pass Rd, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2744
(UC1146793); 6000 ft, 2707 (UC1146707); 5900 ft, 2686 (UC1146714); 5700 ft, D.D. Keck 514
(POM194060), 531 (UC423475); R.G. Swinney 613 (UCR61175); W. Hovanitz s.n. (UC572187) Umouth Mollie
Gibson Canyon, 6950 ft, Lloyd 2952 (UC1146805) USilver Canyon, 6500 ft, Lloyd 2835 (UC1146782); 8000
ft, 2849 (UC1146785); P.A. Munz 13563 (RSA49523 ); L. Benson 5973 (POM295666) Uhead Wyman Canyon,
10400 ft, J.&L. Roos 5094 (RSA71788); 10000 ft, P.A. Munz 21040 (RSA115094); canyon, 7680 ft. J.F Emmel
774 (RSA326153). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10100 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8047 (JEPS28157); 9500 ft, Duran
1554 (UC1146380) Uhead Crooked Creek, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26127 (UC739153) UWhite Mountain
Peak, 14050 ft, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8192 (JEPS29059); 13950 ft, Lloyd 3245 (UC1146773) 13000 ft,
W.H.Shockley 461 (JEPS78204) UCampito Mountain, W.L.Jepson 7295 (JEPS70705) Unear Barcroft lab,
12300 ft, T.Spira 407 (JEPS85272); 12400 ft, J.K.McPherson 180 (UC1437340, UCSB30202) UCampito
Mountain, Dedekcer 1235 (RSA621815) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, 11700 ft, Duran 2586 (UC1146379)
Umouth Rock Creek, 5350 ft, Morefield 3498 (UC1534830, UCR48256) U1 mi N Black Warrior Mine, 6380
ft, Morefield 3791 (UC1545392, UCR60113) UPellisier Flats, 12500 ft, Mitchell 2201 (UC1146721).
Elymus x hansenii (Scribner) J.G. Smith – Geo. Hansen=s hybrid wheetgrass
Specimens labeled as E. x hansenii are odd, as one of the putative parents, E. glaucus Buckley, is not yet
documented for the Whites. Inyo: head Wyman Canyon, 10400 ft, J.&L. Roos 5094 (RSA74555) UWhite
Mountains, C. Cowan 206 (UCSB38648). Mono: Montenegro Springs road, Mitchell & Lloyd 1756
(UC1155186)
Elymus multisetus M. E. Jones - Big Squirreltail
Scattered in mesic meadow border or slopes, below 12000 ft throughout the range. [Sitanion jubatum
J.G.Smith] Inyo: none. Mono: northwest of McAfee Meadow, 12500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8108
(JEPS28240) Unear Southern Belle Mine, A.A.Heller 8329 (UC162383). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Elymus x saundersii Vasey - Saunders hybrid wheetgrass
Sporadic in the presence of the parents, Elymus elymoides and E. trachycaulus. [syn. [syn. Agrositanion x
saundersii (Vasey) W.M.Bowden] Inyo: none. Mono: head of Toler Creek, 10900 ft, Morefield 3099
Elymus scribneri (Vasey) M.E. Jones Scribner=s alpine Wheatgrass.
Rare, late melting snowbeds, often on calcareous rocks, 10500-13000 ft in the central portion of the range.
‚ CNPS List 2.3 ‚ Inyo: none.Mono: White Mountain Peak, 13600 ft, J.&L. Roos 5142 (UC1010189,
RSA71373) Uhead North Fork Perry Aiken Creek, 12000 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4964 (UC1545469) Uhead
of S Fork Chiatovich Cr, 13080 ft, Morefield & C. Perla 4835 (UC1552052). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn. ssp. trachycaulus - Slender Wheatgrass.
Frequent, moist to moderately dry meadows, riparian sites, ditches and pastures, below 12000 ft. [syn.
Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte.; A. pauciflorum (Schwein.) A. Hitch.]. Inyo: 2 mi from Big Prospector
Meadow, 9700 ft, W.L.Jepson 7353 (JEPS68379) UReed Flat, 10400 ft, J.&L. Roos 5184 (UC1010200,
RSA72064) UWyman Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3147 (UC477393, RSA4375). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9500 ft,
Duran 1583 (UC1146414) UMcAfee Meadow, 11500 ft, Duran 2878 (UC1146415) US slope Sheep Mountain,
10750 ft, Dedecker 5848 (RSA625976) Uhead of Toler Creek, 10900 ft, Morefield 3100 (UC1523928,
x Elysitanion W.M.Bowden
Elysitanion x aristatum (E.D.Merill) W.M.Bowden - Hybrid rye.
Sporadic intergeneric hybrid found in moist riparian or canyon bottom settings, throughout the range
[Leymus cinereus x Elymus elymioides] Inyo: none. Mono: Piute Canyon, 8700 ft, Taylor 8586
Elytrigia Desv.
1. Plants cespitose; glume tip truncate, glumes weakly keeled
2' Lowest spikelets >=internodes ..................................................................... E. elongata - Not documnented
2' Lowest spikelets < internodes ....................................................................................................... E. pontica
1' Plants cespitose; glume tip obtuse to acute; glumes keeled
2. Glume awn tipped to acute; leaf blades drooping, distance between leaf veins >> vein width
............................................................................................................................ E. repens - Not documented
2' Glume truncate to obtuse, not awned; blades stiff, distance between leaf veins <= vein width
...................................................................................................................... E. intermedia - Not documented
*Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub ssp. pontica - Tall wheatgrsss.
Meadows and moist streambank areas, below 10000 ft throughout the range. [Agropyron elongatum (Host)
Beauv in part] Inyo: Warm Spring, W base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 4190 (UC1549998, RSA466240)
UWyman Canyon near Roberts Ranch, J.F. Emmel 774 (RSA326153). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Eragrostis Wolf Lovegrass

Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link ssp. virescens (J.S. Presl) Koch & E. Sçnchez Green Lovegrass.
Irrigated pasture, meadows, streambanks, below 7000 ft on the western flanks of the range [syn. E.
orcuttiana Vasey] Inyo: spring near Silver Canyon, 4250 ft, Morefield 3121 (UC1523862, RSA347391) US
end Fish Lake Valley, G.K. Helmkamp 2496 (UCR116011). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Erioneuron Nash
Erioneuron pulchellum (Kunth) Tateoka –
Scattered in desert scrub below about 7500 ft on the eastern flanks of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none.
Festuca L. Fescue
References: S. Fredriksen. 1982. Nor. J. Bot. 2:525-536; J. Howell. 1983. CNPS Bristlecone Newsletter 2(3):5.
1. Tall plants ("> 1-2 m) of low elevation pastures or marshes; basal lobes of leaves clasping stem; leaves not
folded or involute
2. Leaf basal lobes hairy, the blades blue-green; lemmas 7-10 mm long; awn of lemma 0.5-1.5 mm; often in
standing water .......................................................................................................................F. arundinacea
2' Leaf basal lobes glabrous, the blades green; lemmas 4-7 mm long; awn of lemma < 0.3 mm; irrigated
pastures or meadows F. pratensis
1' Shorter plants <6 dm) of low elevation upland or montane sites; basal lobes of leaves not well developed, not
clasping stem, often folded or involute
3. Rhizome present, forming loose clumps; leaf sheath closed to top; culms decumbent, the leaf sheaths
usually reddish, persisting as fibers arising from vascular strands ....................................................F. rubra
3' Rhizome feeble, the culms densely cespitose; leaf sheath open at least half its length; culms erect,
8' Plants >1.5 dm tall; anthers > 4 mm long ........................................................................... F. idahoensis
8' Plants <1.5 dm tall; anthers <2 mm
9. Anthers 1.5 mm-2 mm; leaf blades soft when dry (does not resists bending under a light touch)
spikelets 5.5-6.5 mm long ............................................................... F. saximontana var. purpusiana
9' Anthers < 1.6 mm; leaf blades stiff when dry (resists bending under touch); spikelets 3.5-5.5 mm
long
10. Culms often shorter than blades; panicle branches scabrous; spikelets gen 4-5 flowered; ovary
glabrous apically ..................................................................... F. brachyphylla ssp. breviculmis
10' Culms exceeding leaves; panicle branches smooth; spikelets 2-3 flowered; ovary pubescent
apically ..................................................................................................................... F. minutiflora
Festuca arundinacea Schreber - Tall Fescue.
Occasional in marshes, irrigated pasture, and moist ditches in the Owens Valley, and below 5500 ft on our
western flank. Inyo: seep 1.3 mi NW of Poleta Mine, 4939 ft, Morefield (Additions III). Mono: none.
Festuca brachyphylla Schultes & Schultes f. ssp. breviculmis S. Fredricksen - Arctic Fescue.
Uncommon, rocky alpine sites, above 11000 ft. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountain Peak, 14100 ft,
Lloyd 3239 (UC1146781); 13000 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1155241); 12000 ft, Duran 1638 (UC1317740) Uhead
North Fork Cottonwood Creek, 12000 ft, B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26102 (UC937212) Uhead Cottonwood
Creek, 11350 ft, Morefield 2292 (RSA463926) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, Taylor 5209 (JEPS101933), C.W.
Sharmsith 7840 (SJSU6198) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran M99 (UC1146394) UPerry Aiken Creek
headwaters, 12000 ft, Morefield et al. 4696 (RSA437501) Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Festuca idahoensis Elmer - Idaho fescue.
Rare in mesic sagebrush scrub subalpine settings in the northern end of the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Cabin Creek, 10500 ft, Taylor & J. Wehausen 8076 (JEPS101947). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Festuca minutiflora Rydb. - Dwarf Alpine Fescue.
Uncommon, moist to dry subalpine to alpine sites above 11000 ft Inyo: none. Mono: SE shoulder White
Mtn. Peak, 13100 ft, Dedecker 1263 (RSA624126) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, 12100 ft, Taylor 9141
(RSA407671). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
*Festuca pratensis Hudson - Pasture Fescue.
Frequent, moist sites such as roadsides, meadows and irrigated pastures below 4500 ft in the Owens Valley,
and on our western flank. Inyo: spring near Silver Canyon, 4250 ft, Morefield 3674 (UC1545591,
RSA437163, UCR60069). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Red Fescue.
Sporadic (both native and introduced races occur in the Sierra, and probably in the Owens Valley), native to
meadows and streambanks, introduced in lawns, below 10500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
Chiatovich Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 3121 (UC not found) UGranite Meadow, Cottonwood Creek draingae,
10500 ft, Taylor 9174 (JEPS101946) UCampito Meadow, Dedecker 5847 (RSA625975).
Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8500 ft, Duran 2357 (UC). Mineral: none.
Festuca saximontana Rydb. var. purpusiana (St.-Yves) S. Frederiksen & L.E. Pavlick. – C.A. Purpus' Alpine Fescue.
Occassional, open subalpine forests to alpine cliffs, 9400-14000 ft [syn. Festuca ovina var. rydbergii St.-Yves]
Inyo: none. Mono: 0.75 mi NW McAfee Meadow, 12600 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8121 (JEPS28250); McAfee
Meadow, 11500 ft, Duran 2877 (UC1146395) UWhite Mountain Peak, 13800 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8180
(JEPS29049) UWhite Mountains, 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 616 (JEPS78226) UCottonwood Creek, 10000 ft,
Duran 1659 (UC1146392) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran M98 (UC1146393) UPellisier Flats, 12800 ft,
Glyceria R. Br. Mannagrass

Glyceria striata (Lam.) A. Hitchc. - Fowl mannagrass.
Occasional, moist streambanks in shaded settings amidst shrub thickets, below 9000 ft on the northern end
of the range. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8400 ft, Duran 2513 (UC). Mineral: none.
Hesperostipa (M.K. Elias) Barkworth

1. Distal awn segment wavy, 75-195 mm long ................................................H. comata ssp. comata
1’ Distal awn segment straight, 65-130 mm long ....................................................... H. comata ssp. intermedia
Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth ssp. comata - Needle and Thread Grass.
Occasional, dry sandy slopes in open forest, sagebrush, pinyon woodland, below 8800 ft, and, frequent in
sandy soil or dunes on adjacent valley bottoms. Inyo: Westgard Pass Rd, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2748 (UC) Ueast
side Westgard Pass, 7000 ft, Lloyd 2963 (UC); W. Havowitz s.n. (UC572184) UCedar Flat, D. Charleton 163
(UCR43262) UWhite Mtn Rd, 8600 ft, H.Mooney 167 (DS) UWyman Canyon narrows, Morefield 3654
(UC1545366, UCR59966). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1582 (UC) Umouth Marble Creek, Morefield
3766 (UC1545380) UCampito Mountain, 10200 ft, W.L. Jepson 7294 (JEPS461). Esmeralda: 2 mi N
Sugraloaf Mtn, 8350 ft, Taylor 15272 (UC) UTrial Canyon, Duran 508 (UTC1725). Mineral: none.
Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth ssp. intermedia (Scribner & Tweedy) Barkworth
Uncommon in the same type of site as ssp. comata Inyo: Westgard Pass Rd 11 mi E of Hwy 395, J. Marsalek
61 (UCSB41641) Uhead Wyman Canyon, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8024 (JEPS29069). Mono: none; Esmeralda:
Mineral: none.
Holcus L.
*Holcus lanatus L. - Velvetgrass.
Moist meadows, streambanks, and moist roadside areas, below 9000 ft throughout the range. Inyo:Antelope
Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3011 (UC1146754); P.H.Raven 7041 (CAS). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Hordeum L. Barley
1. Perennial
2. Glumes of central spikelet 20-150 mm, spreading with age ......................................................... H. jubatum
2' Glumes of central spikelet 7-19 mm, not spreading with age
........................................................................................................................................ H. brachyantherum
H. x cespitosum - hybrids of the above two species, intermediate in both respects
1' Annuals
3. Glumes of the central spikelet and inner ones of lateral spikelet with ciliate margins
..................................................................................................................................................... H. murinum
4. Central floret slightly <lateral, its anthers < lateral .........................H. murinum ssp. glaucum
4’ Central floret <lateral, anthers of lateral and central = ...................H. murinum ssp. leporinum
3' Glumes not ciliate; all three spikelets fertile and sessile; auricles evident
not documented............................................................................................................................H. vulgare
Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski ssp. californicum (Covas & Stebb.) V. Bothmer, et al.
Scattered in mesic, sagebrush scrub, aspen and riparian border settings, in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: Antelope Springs, Lloyd 3103 (UC not found). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10100 ft, Lloyd 3017
(UC1146762); 9700 ft, 3277 (UC1146725) UCrooked Creek Ranger Station, Duran 1530 (UC1146385)
USouth Fork Crooked Creek, 10300 ft, Mitchell 2239 (UC1146702) UCottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, Mooney 468
(DS) UCampito Meadow, 10650 ft, Dedecker 5841 (RSA625973, UCR139963) Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none
Hordeum x cespitosum Scribner - Bobtail barley.
Sporadic hybrid in moist sites, springs, meadows, below 7000 ft throughout the range. [H. brachyantherum x
H. jubatum] Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5570 ft, Morelfield 2080 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: none;
Hordeum jubatum L.
Infrequent in seasonally wet meadows below ca. 9500 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Warm Spring, W base
Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3722 (UC1545526, RSA436663). Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9300 ft, Taylor
9333 (JEPSbacklog). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none
*Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev
Occassional annual below ca. 7000 ft. Inyo: Tollhouse Springs, 6100 ft, Lloyd 2669 (UC15455260). Mono:
*Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum (Link) Arcang.
Occassional annual below ca. 7000 ft. Inyo: mouth of Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3679 (UC1545576,
RSA437158, R60073). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Koeleria Pers.
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes - Junegrass.
Frequent to codominant, mesic rocky slopes and meadows, base to high alpine ridges, throughout the range.
Inyo: Grandview Campground, D. Charlton 4445 (UCR160797) Uhead of Silver Canyon, 9300 ft, H.Mooney
281 (DS); 8700 ft, Lloyd 2840 (UC1146783);10000 ft, Duran 1521 (UC1146382) Usummit of trail from Silver
Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7244 (JEPS70561, POM204711) UWyman Canyon,
9500 ft, Lloyd 2820 (UC1146803) UReed Flat, P.A. Munz 21028 (RSA115966). Mono: NW end Sagehen Flat,
10250 ft, Lloyd 3168 (UC1146771) UE of Campito Mountain, 10600 ft, H.Mooney 476 (DS) Uvicinity
Partriach Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4315 (UCR141115), 4334 (UCR141108); C.W. Sharsmith 7862 (SJSU6223)
UCrooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8044 (JEPS28154); J.M.Tucker 2235 (UC978103,
UTC83657); 9500 ft, Duran M109 (UC1146383); 9600 ft, Mitchell 2257 (UC1146703); 10100 ft, Lloyd 3085
(UC1160868); B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 26128 (UC739146) USheep Mtn, 12200 ft, W.L.Jepson 7316
(JEPS70560), 7317 (JEPS75102); Taylor 5190 (UC1738879) Uvicinity Barcfroft lab, 12700 ft, H.Mooney 602
(DS); 12500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8104 (JEPS28236); 12600 ft, 8136 (JEPS29005); T.Spria 403 (JEPS85268);
J.K. McPherson 182 (UCSB30205); C.W. Sharsmith 7839 (SJSU6148) Uupper Cottonwood Creek basin, T.S.
Elias & K.A. Teare 10493 (RSA389656) UCottonwood Creek, 10000 ft, Duran 1658 (UC1146381).
Esmeralda: mouth Queen Canyon, 7100 ft, Duran 3250 (UC). Mineral: none.
Leucopoa Griesb
Leucopoa kingii (S. Watson) W.A.Weber - Rocky Mtn. false-fescue.
Frequent in upper pinyon, subalpine forest, and lower alpine communities, 8500-12000 ft throughout the
range. [[JM - Festuca k (S. Watson) Cassidy] Inyo: none. Mono: County Line Hill, 11000 ft, W.L.Jepson
7361 (JEPS69229) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1547 (UC1146373); 10000 ft, Lloyd 3101 (UC1160865)
USagehen Flat, 10250 ft, Lloyd 3153 (UC1146770) UCottonwood Creek, 8900 ft, Lloyd 2938 (UC1146809);
10700 ft, Morefield 3104 (UC1523932, UCR44106) UCrooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, S.F.Cook s.n. in 1951
(UC1155244); B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26129 (UC739152). Esmeralda Count none; Mineral: none.
Leymus Hochst.
1. Leaf blades >10 mm wide, east slope .............................................................................................. L. cinereus
1' Leaf blades < 10 mm wide, west slope ..........................................................................................L. triticoides
Leymus cinereus (Scribner & Merr.) A. Love - Great Basin Wildrye.
Frequent, fine soil of alluvial basins on meadow borders and subalkaline soils, below 10500 ft throughout
the range [syn. Elymus c. Scrib. & Merr.] Inyo: Westgard Pass, D. Charleton 4450 (RSA552503), R.
Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG56903); 3.8 mi W of , 6450 ft, Lloyd 2752 (UC1146794) Umouth Mollie Gibson Canyon,
7100 ft, Lloyd 2949 (UC1146804) UWyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2972 (UC1146801); 7680 ft, J.F. Emmel
775 (RSA326152) UWhite Mtn Rd 1.6 mi S Mono County line, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8202 (JEPS29068)
Usummit of trail from Silver Canyon to Big Prospector Meadow, 10000 ft, W.L.Jepson 7349 (JEPS68549,
POM204710) Uheadwaters Coldwater Canyon, D.E. Breedlove 1062 (UCSB14994) USilver Canyon, 8000 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7201 (JEPS68550) UReed Flat, J.&L. Roos 5185 (RSA72063). Mono: near Crooked Creek lab,
9500 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8079 (JEPS28207) U1 mi N Black Warrior Mine, 6380 ft, Morefield 3789
(UC1545390, UCR60112). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 8000 ft, Duran s.n. (UC). Mineral: none.
Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilger - Alkali ryegrass
Occasional, moist flats and riparian below 10900 ft thjroughout the range [syn. Elymus t. Buckley] Inyo:
Tollhouse Springs, Lloyd 2695 (UC1146708) URoberts Ranch, Wyman Creek, 8000 ft, Duran 3161
(UC1146368), USouth Fork Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, Mooney 465 (DS) UWarm Springs, W base Black
Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield 3732 (UC1545535, UCR60171). Mono: Crooked Creek lab, 10200 ft, R.Bacigalupi &
L.R.Heckard 8064 (JEPS28184); S.F.Cook s.n. (UC1155243). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Melica L.
1. Spikelets deflexed on one side of the panicle, making it appear secund; spikelets falling with the glumes
attached (Sect. Melica)....................................................................................................................... M. stricta
1' Spikelets erect or ascending, the panicle not secund; spikelets falling without the glumes
(Sect. Bromelica) ............................................................................................................................. M. bulbosa
Melica bulbosa Geyer – bulb melic
Infrequent in mesic sagebrush or subalpine settings, northern and central portions of the range. Inyo:none. Mono:
Crooked Creek lab, S.F. Cook s.n. (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: Queen
Canyon, 7800 ft, Mitchell 2762a (cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973).
Melica stricta Bolander
Occassional in sheltered rocky sites of canyons and slopes, below 9000 ft. throughout the range.
Inyo:Roberts Ranch, Wyman Creek, 8300 ft, Duran 3049 (UC1146374) UBlack Canyon, 6200 ft, Mitchell
2117 (UC1146704) UWestgard Pass, 7700 ft, Lloyd 3031 (UC1146758). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9500 ft,
Duran 1566 (UC1146375) UN end Sagehen Flat, 10500 ft, Mooney 543 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973)
US Fork Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft, Mooney 467 (DS, cited by Lloyd & Mitchell 1973) Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Muhlenbergia Schreber Muhly

1. Annual
2. Panicle narrow and short, 0.5-3.5 cm long; glumes glabrous, lemma 1.5-2.8 mm long .............. M. filiformis
2' Panicle open and longer, 10-20 cm long; glumes minutely pilose; lemmas 1-1.2 mm long
................................................................................................................... M. minutissima - Not documented
1' Perennial
3. Panicle open (when fully extended from the boot)
4. Glumes awnless, 0.7-1.7 mm long; rhizomatous, forming loose turf ................................... M. asperifolia
4' Glumes long awned, the awn 6-15 mm; cespitose ................................... M. montana - Not documented
3' Panicle contracted
5. Lemma awned .......................................................................................................................... M. andina
5' Lemma not awned; culms <1.5 dm tall, rhizomatous ..................................................... M. richardsonis
Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) A. Hitchc. - Foxtail Muhly.
Occasional, seeps, open riparian sites, meadows, below 6500 ft on the western flanks of the range. Inyo:
none. Mono: Pelliser Creek, 6450 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4356 (UC1549820) UJeffrey Mine Canyon, 4500
ft, Dedecker 5420 (RSA624835). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen) L. Parodi - Scratchgrass.
Frequent, moist alkaline meadows, soda springs, riparian areas, below 7800 ft throughout the range.
Inyo:Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 2996 (UC1146747). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. - Pull-up Muhly.
Vernally moist flats, rock seepage areas, in meadows, below 10000 ft in the central portion of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9500 ft, Duran 1622 (UC1146376). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Muhlenbergia porteri Beal - Mesquiet muhly.
Rocky desert slopes, often where rocks provide runoff moisture, below 6000 ft on the southerly flanks of the
range. Inyo: Deep Springs Valley, Morefield 2530 (RSA327728) UCrystal Peak, Morefield 1580 (Additions III).
Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb.- Mat Muhly.
Common, moist sagebrush flats, meadows, streambanks, mesic open subalpine slopes and alpine ridges
throughout the range. Inyo: White Mtn Rd, 9300 ft, H.Mooney 336 (DS) UReed Flat, 10000 ft, J.&L. Roos
5123 (UC1023381, RSA71672) UWyman Canyon, 8600 ft, M. DeDecker 6241 (RSA627055) USchulman
Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4284 (UCR134480) Uhead Coldwater Canyon, 10500 ft, D.E. Breedlove 1061
(UCSB16586). Mono: White Mountains, 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 615 (JEPS78213) UCrooked Creek, 9500
ft, Duran 1543 (UC1146370); 9800 ft, Lloyd 3274 (UC1146779); B.Maguire & A.Holmgren 25156 (UC739131)
UCrooked Creek lab, 10100 ft, R.Bacigalupi & L.R.Heckard 8067 (JEPS28194); J.M.Tucker 2252 (UC978100)
UNorth Fork Crooked Creek, 10100 ft, W.L.Jepson 7276 (JEPS69335) UCampito Mountain, 10800 ft,
H.Mooney 478 (DS) Usouth of Piute Trail, 11100 ft, H.Mooney 641 (DS). Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 8300 ft,
Panicum L. Panicgrass
1. Spikelets longer than 4mm (Sect. Dichotomiflora) ......................................... P. millaceum - Not documented
1' Spikelets less than 4 mm (Sect. Capillare)
2. Leaf sheaths smooth ...........................................................................P. dichotomiflorum - Not documented
2' Leaf sheaths bristly ...................................................................................................................... P. capillare
Panicum capillare L. - Witchgrass.
Pasture, ditches, and dusturbed stream margins, below 7500 ft UWhite Mountains, Taylor (Additions I) -
voucher required (a nearby voucher is W.A.Ferren 385, UC1548567)
Pascopyrum A. Love
Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve
Erroneoutly reported by Lloyd & Mitchell (1973) from the White Mountains, based Lloyd 2997 (WMRS) which
is Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilger; this characteristic bottomland (heavy soil) grass of the northern
Great Basin is not likely to occur in our region.
Paspalum L.
1. Margins of upper glume and lower floret lemma ciliate ....................................... P. dialatum - Not documented
1' Margins of upper glume and lower floret lemma glabrous .............................................................P. distichum
*Paspalum distichum L.Knotgrass.
Frequent weed of irrigation ditches and marshes in the Owens Valley, and ascending our western flank.
Inyo: spring 0.7 mi S Silver Canyon mouth, 4230 ft, Morefield 2212 (Addtions III) UWarm Springs, W base
Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield & C.W.Abbott 4373 (UC1550029). Mono: none; Esmeralda: none; Mineral:
none.
Phalaris L.
1. Spikelets dimorphic, each group with 1 fertile and 6 sterile spikelets, the entire group falling as a unit
............................................................................................................................ P. paradoxa - Not documented
1' Spikelets not dimorphic, all fertile
2. Rhizomatous; lower florets equal ......................................................................................... P. arundinacea
2' Cespitose; lower florets unequal, the longest 1-2 mm, the other 0.5 mm
...........................................................................................P. aquatica (Harding grass) - Not documented
*Phalaris arundinacea L. - Reed Canarygrass.
Occasional, meadows, irrigated pasture, and shallow water of ditches in the Owens Valley, ascending our
western flank below 8000 ft. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 7200 ft, Morefield 3791 (RSA466329). Mono: none;
Phleum L. Timothy
1. Panicle cylindric, 5-15 cm long; culms bulbous at base; introduced .................................................P. pratense
1' Panicle oval, 2-5 cm long; culms not bulbous at base; native............................................................ P. alpinum
Phleum alpinum L.- Alpine Timothy.
Frequent, moist subalpine streambanks, meadow borders, moist open subalpine forest, 8000-11000 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Cabin Creek, 10300 ft, Duran 2552 (UC1146358) UWhite
Mountains, 10000 ft, W.H.Shockley 631 (JEPS78026). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
*Phleum pratense L. - Timothy.
Frequent hay grass of irrigated pasture, hayfields, ditches, and degraded meadows in the Owens Valley, and
ascending into the mountains below 9000 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Wyman Creek, Roberts Ranch,
8300 ft, Duran 3165 (UC1146357). Mono: Leidy Creek, 7050 ft, Morefield 4391 (UC1549889). Esmeralda:
Phragmites Trin. Reed

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steudel - Common reed.
Riparian areas, and ccasional in seepage areas and springs on steep hillsides sagebrush scrub below 6500 ft
on the southwestern flanks of the range. [syn. P. communis Trin. var. berlandieri (Fourn.) Fernald] Inyo: 1
mile up Wyman Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran 3132 (UC1146356) UTollhouse Springs, 6100 ft ft, L.C. Wheeler 8885
Phragmites P. Beauv
Piptatherum micranthum (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth - Small flowered ricegrass.
Uncommon, gravelly to sandy slopes in canyons on the southeast flank of the range below 8000 ft [syn.
Oryzopsis m] ‚ CNPS List 2 ‚ Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8800 ft, J.&L. Roos 5840 (UC1023436, UC1738827,
RSA71725, RSA74603, UCR19279). Mono: Station Peak, 10300 ft, V. Duran 1587 (UC1146359)
UCottonwood Creek, 8900 ft, Taylor 9327 (UC1738827). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Pleuraphis Torrey Galetta

Pleuraphis jamesii Torrey - Galleta.
Infrequent, desert scrub below 7100 ft on the southern end of the range. [Hilaria jamesii (Torrey) Benth.]
Inyo: 3.8 mi W Westgard Pass, 6450 ft, Lloyd 2737 (UC1146792) U1.3 mi E Tollhouse Springs, 6500 ft,
H.Mooney 158 (DS) UPayson Canyon, 6800 ft, H.Mooney 368 (DS) Umouth Wyman Canyon, 5300 ft, Taylor
7071 (UC1738864) USilver Canyon, 7350 ft, H.Mooney 109 (DS). Mono: mouth McAfee Creek, 5250 ft,
Poa L. Bluegrass
References: R. Soreng. 1991. Sys. Bot. 16:507-528; Phytologia 71:390-413. 1991.
1. Annual
2. Callus glabrous; upper spikelets "pistillate (Sect. Ochlopoa) ........................................................ P. annua
2' Callus with cobwebby hairs; lemma glabrous to scabrous; leaf blade abruptly naviculate; some spikelet
internodes > 1 mm(Sect. Diversipoa) ........................................................... P. bolanderi - Not documented
1' Perennial
3. Rhizomatous; anthers 1-4 mm
4. Culms and nodes distinctly compressed (twirl between fingers)
(Sect. Trichopoa) ................................................................................ P. compressa - Not documented
4' Culms and nodes not compressed (Sect. Poa)
5. Callus with long cobwebby hairs (hairs > 2 lemma length; lemmas with copious cobwebby hairs at
the base and about 3-way up the keel; lower panicle branches usually in 4s or 5s; ascending to
somewhat spreading; first glume 1.8-2.5 mm long; culms > 3 dm tall
...........................................................................................................................................P. pratensis
6. Inflorescence dense, <6 cm long, branches not scabrous; leaves of vegetative culms sparsely
soft hairy on upper surface; native ............................................... P. pratensis ssp. agassizensis
6' Inflorescence open, >>6 cm long; branches scabrous; leaves of vegetative culms scabrous only;
cultivated ........................................................................................... P. pratensis ssp. pratensis
5' Callus lacking cobwebby hairs; dry sites (Sect. Madropoa) .............................................. P. wheeleri
3. Cespitose; anthers 0.2-4.5 mm
7. Most florets replaced by plantlets (pseudoviviparous)
(Sect. Palustres, in part) ............................................................................ P. bulbosa - Not documented
7' Florets not replaced by plantlets
8. Callus with cobwebby hairs; lemma hairy on keel and on marginal veins, but not between veins
9. Inflorescence <10 cm; culms < 2 dm (Sect. Abbreviatae) ...................................P. abbreviata ‚
10= Lemma intervein regions abundantly pubescent; callus glabrous (rarely webbed)
................................................................................................................. ssp. pattersonii ‚
10= Lemmas glabrous, calluys of basal florets webbed ......................................... ssp. marshii ‚
9' Inflorescence >10 cm. culms 2.5-7 dm
11. Lower glume "1 veined; leaf sheaths open <3/4 their length; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long; boggy
willow thickets (Sect. Oreinos) ............................................. P. leptocoma - Not documented
11' Lower glume 3 veined; leaf sheaths open >4/5 their length; anthers 0.6-1.4 mm long; ligule of
upper culm leaves acute, >1 mm; anthers 0.8-1.2 mm long; wet sites (Sect. Stenopoa).........
....................................................................................................P. palustris - Not documented
8' Callus glabrous, or with short scabrous hairs, lacking cobwebby hairs; lemma often hairy between
veins
15. Spikelet ovate in outline, obviously compressed laterally; lemma obviously keeled to base; leaf
sheath open < 3/4 length
16. Lemmas pubescent
17. Spikelets mostly pistillate, lemmas 4-7 mm long (Sect. Alpinae) .................... P. fendleriana
17' Spikelets perfect, <3.6 mm long (Sect. Stenopoa) .................................................... P. glauca
16' Lemma glabrous
18. Dwarf alpines, culms <1dm tall (Sect. Abbreviatae), anthers 0.2-2 mm
19. Leaves firm; lemma 3-5 mm long; anthers 0.7-2 mm ..................................................P. keckii
19' Leaves soft; lemma <3mm; anthers 0.2-0.7 mm long

......................................................................................................................... P. lettermanii
18' Small but the culms 1-7 cm tall; anthers 2-4.5 mm long (Sect. Madropoa, Subsect. Epiles)
20= Ligule of uppermost (flag) leaf of sterile culms 2.5-6 mm long, acute, smooth; lemma <5.5
mm long; lowest cauline leaves bladeless; flowers bisexual or pistillate
.................................................................... P. stebbinsii (alpine Sierra) - Not documented
20= Ligule of uppermost (flag) leaf of sterile culms <2mm, truncate to obtuse, scabrous; lowest
cauline leaves rarely without blades; all flowers bisexual
.............................................................................................................................. P. cusickii
21. Basal leaf tuft with few leaves, sparse; inflorescence branches "smooth, 1-2 stem
nodes visible; flowers mostly pistillate, subalpine ....................... P. cusickii ssp. epilis
21' Basal leaf tuft dense; inflorescence branches scabrous; inflorescence nodes not
exposed, or 1 visible .................................................................. P. cusickii ssp. pallida
15' Spikelet lanceolate to narrowly ovate in outline, little compressed; lemma weekly keeled; leaf sheath
open >3/4 length (Sect. Secundae) ................................................................................ P. secunda
22. Lemma short hairy; uplands generally ................................................. P. secunda ssp. secunda
22' Lemma glabrous; meadows
23 Ligule long and acute ........................................................... P. secunda ssp. nevadensis
23' Ligule truncate ............................................................................ P. secunda ssp. juncifolia
Poa abbreviata R.Br. ssp. marshii R. Soreng - Marsh=s alpine bluegrass.
Rare, high alpine snowbeds in the central portion of the range; disjunct eastward to the Shell Creek Range,
northeastern Nevada, and rare elsewhere in alpine North America. ‚ CNPS List 2 ‚ [JM - not treated]
Inyo: none. Mono: north wall North Fork of Perry Aiken Creek, 12000 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4695.2
(paratype RSA424880, det. R. Soreng) Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Poa abbreviata R.Br. ssp. pattersonii (Vasey) R. Soreng - Patterson=s alpine bluegrass.
Rare in the alpine. [Additions V, Poa pattersonii Vasey] ‚ CNPS List 2 ‚ Inyo: none. Mono: north wall
North Fork of Perry Aiken Creek, 12000 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4695.1 (RSA424879, det. R. Soreng).
*Poa annua L. - Annual Bluegrass.
Infrequent, moist shaded disturbed sites, pathways, trails, ruderal sites, below 9700 ft on both slopes of the
range. Inyo: spring 0.7 mi S of Silver Canyon mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3688 (UC1545565, UCR60082).
Mono: none. Esmeralda: Trail Canyon, 9800 ft, Duran 3360 (UC). Mineral: none.
Poa cusickii Vasey ssp. epilis (Scribner) W.A. Weber - Skyline Bluegrass.
Infrequent, shaded cirque basins, well drained alpine snowbeds, and moist slopes, above 10500 ft
throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Cottonwood Creek, 9600 ft, H.Mooney 256 (DS) Unorth of
Barcroft lab, 12700 ft, H.Mooney 598 (DS). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Poa cusickii Vasey ssp. pallida R. Soreng - Ridgeline bluegrass.
Rare, alpine ridges. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountains, M.DeDecker 1246 (cited by Soreng 1991)
UCottonwood Creek, 10500 ft, Duran 1660A (UC1146351) UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran M115
Poa fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey ssp. longiligula (Scribn. & Williams) Soreng - Mutton bluegrass.
Occasional, dry sagebrush slopes and pinyon forest, below 9400 ft throughout the range. Inyo: Westgard
Pass, C.P. Cowan 394 (UCR25895) UBlack Canyon, 6000 ft, Duran 3009 (UC1146418) Uridge NE of mouth
of Wyman Creek, 6040 ft, Morefield & McCarty 3533 (UC1534884). Mono: Crooked Creek, 9500 ft, Duran
M112 (UC1146419) Uvicinity Barcroft Lab, 12500 ft, Dedecker 1248 (RSA621808) Umouth Lone Tree, Creek,
5900 ft, Taylor 6387 (JEPS101872). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran M119 (UC). Mineral:
none.
Poa glauca M. Vahl ssp. rupicola (Nash) W. A. Weber - Timberline Bluegrass.
Frequent, alpine ridges and meadow borders, 10800-14200 ft throughout the range. Inyo: none. Mono:
near Barctoft lab, 12600 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8121 (JEPS28252) USheep Mountain, 12200 ft, W.L.Jepson
7316 (JEPS70652); 11800 ft, Lloyd 3260 (UC1146776) UPatriarch Grove, Taylor 6672 (JEPS101910)
UMcAfee Meadow, 11700 ft, Duran M114 (UC1146422) UWhite Mountain Peak, 12000 ft, Duran M116
(UC1146426); 13500 ft, Lloyd 3256 (UC1146774) UPellisier Flats, 12400 ft, Mitchell 2198 (UC1146720);
12700 ft, 2202 (UC1146722) UWhite Mountain, 12800 ft, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8187 (JEPS29054) UWhite
Mountains, 11500 ft, R.K.Gierisch & S.N.Zufet 3555 (UC1256253); 11600 ft, 3560 (UC1256256). Esmeralda:
Poa keckii R. Soreng – David D. Keck's Bluegrass.
Rare, alpine sites in the lee of ridges, on cliff faces, rock crevices, above 10500 ft along the crest of the range.
Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountain Peak, 14240 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8173 (JEPS29043); 14100 ft, Lloyd
3238 (UC1146780);12000 ft, Duran M116A (paratype UC1146424); B.Maguire & A. Holmgren 26074
(UC739236); J.&L. Roos 5149a (RSA) UN of Barcroft Lab, R. Bacigalupi et al. 8121 (JEPS89147).
Esmeralda: 0.5 mi S Trail Canyon Saddle, Boundary Peak, l2000 ft, Taylor 15284 (UC). Mineral: none.
Poa lettermanii Vasey - Letterman=s alpine bluegrass.
Alpine, on the highest summits of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: White Mountain Peak, 14000 ft, Duran
2612 (UC1146352) Uheadwater cirque, Perry Aiken Creek, 12000 ft, Morefield & T.S. Ross 4695
(RSA437500). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Poa pratensis L. - Kentucky bluegrass
Occasional, moist meadows, moist open forest, streambanks, 8000-12300 ft. Two races are present in our
mountain settings, native ssp. agassizensis (Boivin & D. Love) Taylor & MacBride is decidely more rare than
the introduced race, ssp. pratensis. Inyo: Wyman Canyon, 8300 ft, Lloyd 2788 (UC1146798); 2790
(UC1146800). Mono: White Mountains, 11000 ft, W.H.Shockley 610 (JEPS78220) UCrooked Creek, 9500 ft,
Duran 1532 (UC1146432) UCrooked Creek lab, 10100 ft, Lloyd 3108 (UC1146763); 3110 (UC1146765);
3065 (UC1160870) UCampito Meadow, Dedecker 5846 (RSA625972). Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft,
Duran 2763 (CAS). Mineral: none.
Poa pringlei Scribner
Rare in the alpine. Inyo: none. Mono: Unorth wall North Fork of Perry Aiken Creek, Morefield & T.S.Ross
Poa secunda J.S. Presl ssp. juncifolia (Scribner) R. Soreng - Alkali Bluegrass.
Moist subalkaline meadows below 9500 ft [Lloyd & Mitchell 1973, P. ampla Merr. misapplied] Inyo Reed
Flat, J.&L. Roos 5117 (UC1023380) UWyman Creek, 8500 ft, Duran M117 (UC1146417); 10000 ft, G.K.
Helmkamp 4307 (UCR121967) UDeep Springs Valley, 4800 ft, P.H.Raven 7017 (CAS). Mono: none.
Poa secunda J.S. Presl. ssp nevadensis (Scribner) R. Soreng - Nevada bluegrass.
Mesic meadows, and mesic scrub, below 8000 ft - in notable less saline/alkaline sites than ssp. juncifolia.
Inyo: Antelope Springs, P.H.Raven 7056 (CAS). Mono: none. Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, 7500 ft, Duran
2762 (UC) UTrail Canyon, 8300 ft, Duran 2508 (UC). Mineral: none.
Poa secunda J.S. Presl ssp. secunda - Malpais Bluegrass.
Common, north slopes on heavy soils, shaded openings in pinyon woodland, below 11000 ft throuhout the
range. [syn. P. scabrella (Thurb.) Vasey, P. gracillima Vasey, P. incurva Scrib. & Willis] Inyo: Black Canyon,
6000 ft, Duran 3010 (UC1146420) UWestgard Pass, R.G. Swinney 613 (UCR107089); 3.8 mi W, 6450 ft,
Lloyd 2750 (UC1146740), I. Atwater 71 (UCSB12420) USilver Canyon, 8700 ft, Lloyd 2843 (UC1146784),
7100 ft, 2859 (UC1146787) U1.45 mi NW Poleta Mine, 4950 ft, Morefield 3410 (UC1534839) Usouthwest
slope Black Mtn, 5250 ft, Morefield 3369 (UC1535194) UWarm Spring, W base Black Mtn, 3990 ft, Morefield
3730 (UC1545534, UCR60170). Mono: Barcroft Lab, 12400 ft, J.K. McPherson 181 (UCSB30208), C.W.
Sharsmith 7841 (SJSU6460) UMcAfee Meadow, 12600 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8121B (JEPS28251), 12450 ft,
8166B (JEPS29036); 11700 ft, Duran M114 (UC1146421), M113 (UC1146423) UCampito Meadow 10500 ft,
W.L.Jepson 7284 (JEPS70675); 10600 ft, Lloyd 3171 (UC1146772); G.K. Helmkamp 4334 (UCR141116);
Dedecker 5840 (RSA625896) UCottonwood Creek, 10500 ft, Duran 1660B (UC1146428) UCrooked Creek,
9850 ft, Lloyd 2884 (UC1146789) UPatriarch Grove, Taylor 6671 (JEPS101917) UWhite Mountains, 11700
ft, R.K.Gierisch & S.N.Zufet 3556 (UC1256252) Unear mouth Rock Creek, 5700 ft, Morefield 3488
(UC1534821, UCR48167) Unorth wall North Fork of Perry Aiken Creek, 12000 ft, Morefield & T.S.Ross 4695
(UC1545470). Esmeralda: Queen Canyon, 7000 ft, Duran M118 (UC). Mineral: none.
Poa wheeleri Vasey [P. nervosa var. wheeleri] - Wheeler's Bluegrass.
Open subalpine forest or mesic woodland understory, 8200-11000 ft in the northern portion of the range
[syn. P. nervosa (Hook.) Vasey, misapplied]. Inyo: none; Mono: none. Esmeralda:Middle Creek, 9500 ft,
Morefield 4630 (Additions V). Mineral: none.
Polypogon Desf. Beardgrass

1. Awn of glumes < 3.4 mm .............................................................................................................P. interruptus
1' Awn of glumes >3.4 mm P. monspeliensis
*Polypogon interruptus Kunth - Ditch Beardgrass.
Infrequent, irrigation ditches, irrigated pasture, in the Owens Valley and ascending our lower slopes in the
southern end of the range. Inyo: Sam=s Spring Canyon, 6100 ft, Morefield (Additions III). Mono: none.
*Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.
Common, irrigation ditches, irrigated pasture, in the Owens Valley and ascending our lower slopes in the
southern end of the range. Inyo: Silver Canyon, 4600 ft, Duran M106 (UC1146377) UWestgard Pass Rd,
6000 ft, P.H.Raven 6994 (CAS) UAntelope Springs, 5600 ft, Lloyd 3008 (UC1146751); Mitchell & Lloyd 1752
(UC1155185) UBlack Canyon, 6200 ft, Mitchell 2120 (UC1146716) UMontenegro Springs, 7000 ft, Mitchell
2149 (UC1146719) UWyman Creek, 6500 ft, Duran 3168 (UC1146378). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Ptilagrostis Griseb.
Ptilagrostis kingii (Bolander) Beal - King=s ricegrass.
Rare, meadow borders at 9500-11000 ft in the central portion of the range. Inyo: none. Mono: Granite
Meadow, Cottonwood Creek watershed, Taylor obs. in 1980 (Additions I) - voucher required. Esmeralda:
Puccinellia Parl. Alkali-Grass

1. Lemma tip truncate to obtuse
1. Lower inflorescence branches reflexing after anthesis; lowest floret lemma 1.5-2 mm long
....................................................................................................................................................... P. distans
2' Lower inflorescence branches spreading to divergent in fruit; lowest floret lemma 2-4 mm long
......................................................................................................................P. nuttalliana - Not documented
1' Lemma tip acute cauline leaf blades involute, 1-2 mm wide; lemma margin entire or sometimes serrate;
inflorescence <10 cm ..........................................................................................P. lemmonii - Not documented
*Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. - European alkali-grass.
Subsaline or alkaline meadows below about 9000 ft, to be expected throghout the range. Inyo: Wyman
Canyon, 7800 ft, Lloyd 2775 (WMRS). Mono: Deadhorse Meadow, 7800 ft, Taylor 9187 (JEPSbacklog).
Schismus P. Beauv.
*Schismus arabicus Nees - Arabian grass.
Sporadic annual of desert scrub communities on the southerly flanks of the range, below 7000 ft.
Inyo:western base Black Mtn, 4300 ft, Morefield 3325 (UC1535160); 4100 ft, 3313 (UC1535150). Mono:
Spartina Schreber. Cordgrass.

Spartina gracilis Trin. Alkali cordgrass.
Occassional about dry meadows and subalkaline springs in the Owens Valley, and on our western flanks.
‚ CNPS List 4.2 ‚ Inyo: Warm Spring, W base Black Mtn, Morefield 3723 (UC1545527, RSA436662,
UCR60164), Taylor 7153 (UC1738796). Mono: Benton Station, R.S.Ferris 12582 (DS) is the most proximal
station. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Sphenopholis Scribner
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michaux) Scribner – prairie wedgescale
Uncommon, scattered in wet meadow or grassy riparian edges below ca. 8000 ft. ‚ CNPS List 2.2 ‚ Inyo:
spring 1 mi S mouth Silver Canyon, 4240 ft, Morefield 3122 (UC1523863, RSA347390, UCR44060) USilver
Canyon, 5770 ft, Morefield 4790 (RSA486162). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Sporobolus R. Br. Dropseed

1' Inflorescence dense, cylindrical ................................................................................................... S. contractus
1' Inflorescence open, the primary branches spreading
2' Anthers 1-1.8 m long; glume and lemma backs rounded;plants to 2 m tall ................................... S.airoides
2' Anthers <1 mm long; glume and lemma backs somewhat keeled; plants <1 m tall
3' Primary inflorescence branches erect, the panicle narrowly pyrimidal or contracted, 1.5-4 cm broad
when pressed
.......................................................................................................................................... S. cryptandrus
3' Primary inflorescence branches divergent to drooping, the panicle oblong, 5-12 cm wide when pressed
............................................................................................................................................... S. flexuosus
Sporobolus airoides (Torrey) Torrey - Alkali Sacaton.
Frequent, moist subsaline flats on the floor of the Owens Valley, and ascending our southerly and westerly
flanks bordering meadows or springs below 6500 ft. Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Morefield (Additions
III) Uspring 0.7 mi S Silver Canyon mouth, 4240 ft, Morefield 3691 (UC1545608) UHammil Station, 4550 ft,
Duran 3485 (UC534827) U4 mi n Shealy (site), Owens Valley, 4500 ft, Duran 3241 (UC1155182) is another
proximal voucher. Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Sporobolus contractus A. Hitchc. - spike dropseed.
Dry loose soils of slopes in desert scrub to pinyon woodland, below 7000 ft on the southeasterly flanks of the
range. Inyo: mouth of Wyman Creek, 6000 ft, Duran 3315 (UC1146363). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torrey) A. Gray - Sand dropseed.
Rare in our range, sandy flats in desert scrub on the lower flanks of the range below 7000 ft. Inyo: mouth McAfee
Creek, 5300 ft, Morefield 3051 (UC1523904, UCR44067) UWestgard Pass, R. Hoffmann s.n. (SBBG56973)
UPayson Canyon, 6800 ft, Dedecker 5698 (RSA625297) Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Sporobolus flexuosus (Vasey) Rydberg - Mesa dropseed.
Bordering desert springs below 7000 ft on the southerly end of the range. Inyo: northeast of Antelope
Springs, 5600 ft, Morefield (Additions III). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
x Stiporyzopsis B.L.Johnson
Stiporyzopsis x bloomeri (Bolander) B.L.Johnson
In our area, only the Achnatherum hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Barkworth x Achnatherum thurberianum
(Piper) Barkworth cross has been reported, to be expected in present of the parents throughout the range.
Inyo: Westgard Pass, R.S. Tosford s.n. (UCD51234) UCedar Flat, 8500 ft, J.& L.Roos 5092 (UC1023378).
Mono: 1 mi West Black Warrior Mine, 6380 ft, Morefield 3783 (UC1545373). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none;
Mineral: none.
Trisetum Pers.
Reference: J.L. Randall & K.W. Hilu. 1986. Sys. Bot. 11:567-578.
1. Awn included within the glumes or rudimentary
not documented ..................................................................................... Graphaephorum wolfii (Vasey) Vasey
1' Awn exserted
2. Panicle dense, spike-like, sometimes with the lower internode evident; plants densely tufted
..................................................................................................................................................... T. spicatum
2' Panicle open before and at anthesis, lower internodes evident, later compact in fruit; plants not tufted not
documented)............................................................................................. Trisetum cernuum ssp. canescens
Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter - Narrow Oatgrass.
Moist subalpine streambanks, alpine flats, meadows and ridges, 9000-14200 ft throughout the range. Inyo:
none. Mono: White Mountains, 12000 ft, W.H.Shockley 606 (JEPS78030) Uhead Cottonwood Creek, 11700
ft, Duran 2590 (UC1146364) UGray Haired Johnny's Corral, B. Maguire & A. Holmgren 26099 (UC739147,
UTC66939) UPatriarch Grove, G.K. Helmkamp 4315 (UCR140988) UWhite Mountain Peak, 14240 ft,
H.Mooney 552 (DS) Uvicinity Barcroft gate, 11700 ft, Dedecker 6367 (RSA627132, UCR119504) UPellisier
Flats, 12800 ft, Mitchell 2273 (UC1146737) UMcAfee Meadow, 12600 ft, R.Bacigalupi et al. 8120
(JEPS28249), Duran 505 (UC439763). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Vulpia C.C. Gemel

1. Inflorescence narrow, the branches ascending or appressed
2. Spikelets 6-15 flowered; awns 1-5-4 mm long ........................................................................... V. octoflora
2' Spikelets 1-6 flowered; awns 7-17 mm long
3. First glume short, 0.3-1.5 mm long, less than half as long as second.......................................V. myuros
3' First glume 3-7 mm long, more than half as long as second not documented .................... V. bromoides
1' Inflorescence broader, the principal branches spreading ........................................................ V. microstachys
4. Spikelets with long hairs; glumes glabrous, lemmas hairy .................. V. microstachys var. microstachys
4' Spikelets scabrous or glabrous .................................................................. V. microstachys var. pauciflora
Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro. var. microstachys
Infrequent annual of desert scrub settings along the base of the range. Inyo:near Wilkerson Springs, 4350
ft, Morefield 3359 (UC1535187). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro. var. pauciflora (Beal) Lonard & Gould
Infrequent annual of desert scrub settings along the base of the range. Inyo:W base Black Mountain, 4350
ft, Morefield 3324 (UC1535159). Mono: none. Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. hirtella (Piper) Henrard
Frequent annual of desert scrub settings along the base of the range. Inyo: Marble Fork Black Canyon,
5700 ft, Duran 2729 (UC1146391). Mono: mouth of Pellisier Creek, 5050 ft, Morefield 3468 (UC1534877,
UCR47762) Unear Wilkerson Springs, 4350 ft, Morefield 3363 (UC1535189) USilver Canyon east of Laws,
A.A.Heller 8196 (UC162430). Esmeralda: none; Mineral: none.
POTAMOGETONACEAE - Pond Weed Family (POT - 12)

Most pondweeds are under collected generally, and their distribution is poorly documented. Pondweeds commonly
dominate small tarns and lakes in the High Sierra, but natural lakes as such are absent from the Whites.
Potamogeton L.
Potamogeton foliosus Raf. var. foliosus –
Uncommon, shallow water of lakes and ponds. Other species of Potamogeton are documented from
irrigation canals in the lower Owens Valley. Esmeralda: Caldelaria pipeline intake pond, 8150 ft, Morefield
3090 (WMRS, Additions III) is the only record.
TYPHACEAE - Cat-Tail Family (TYP - 9)

Typha L. Cat-tail
1. Leaves >11 mm wide; staminate and pistillate portions of the spike contiguous ................................ T. latifolia
1' Leaves <10 mm wide; staminate and pistillate portions of the spike well separated
2' Pistillate spike brown; tip of pistillate bractlet dark brown, rounded; leaf blades glands absent
.................................................................................................................................................T. angustifolia
2' Pistillate spike yellow-orange, tip of pistillate bract yellow, acute; leaf blades gland dotted on the side
facing the stem .................................................................................................................... T. domingensis
Typha angustifolia L.
Uncommon in shallow water bordering springs on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Upper Sam=s Springs,
6030 ft, Morefield 1673 (WMRS, Additions II) is the only record.
Typha domingensis Pers.
Uncommon in shallow water bordering springs on the lower flanks of the range. Inyo: Antelope Springs,
5600 ft, Morefield 2510 (WMRS, Additions IV) is the only record.
Typha latifolia L. - Wide-leaved cattail.
Uncommon in shallow water bordering springs below about 7000 ft, to be expected throughout the range.
Inyo: Antelope Springs, 5600 ft, Morefield 2351 (WMRS, Additions III). Mono: Piute Creek, 6400 ft, Taylor
ZANNICHELLIACEAE - Horned-Pondweed Family (ZAN - 12b)

Zannichellia L.
Zannichellia palustris L. - Horned Pondweed. Infrequent, both natural and artificial water bodies,
Esmeralda: Silver Canyon, Morefield (Additions III) UTrail Canyon, Morefield (Additions III)

Revised Flora of The White Mountains, California and Nevada

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Revised Flora of The White Mountains, California and Nevada

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Draft Revised White Mountain Flora Page - 1

Flora of the White Mountains, California and Nevada

DIVISION I. LYCOPODIOPHYTA – Club-mosses

SELAGINELLACEAE - Spike Moss Family (SLG)

Selaginella L. Spike Moss

DIVISION II. EQUISETOPHYTA – Horsetails

EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family (EQU)

Equisetum L. Horsetail, Scouring Rush

DIVISION III. POLYPODIOPHYTA - Ferns & Allies

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE - Moonwort Family (OPH)

DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Wood Fern Family (DRY)

1. Indusium absent.......................................................................................................... Athyrium

Athyrium Roth. Lady Ferns

Cystopteris Bernh. Fragile Ferns

Dryopteris Adans. Wood Fern

POLYPODIACEAE - Polypod Family (PLP)

PTERIDACEAE - Brake Fern Family (PTE)

Adiantum L. Maiden Hair Fern

Argyrochosma (J. Smith) M.D. Windham

Cheilanthes Sw. Lip Fern

Pellaea Link. Birds Foot Fern

Esmeralda: Chiatovich Creek, Duran 3081 (UC). Mineral: none.

Pentagramma Yatskievych et al. Gold-Back Fern

DIVISION IV. CONIFEROPHYTA – Conifers

CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family (CUP - 7b)

PINACEAE - Pine Family (PIN - 7)

2' Needles 3 or 5 per fascicle

DIVISION V. GNETOPHYTA – Ededra

EPHEDRACEAE - Ephedra Family (EPH - 8)

DIVISION VI. ANTHOPHYTA - Flowering Plants

GROUP 1. WOODY PLANTS WITHOUT PETALS OR PETALS RUDIMENTARY

(SEPALS or BRACTS SOMETIMES PETALOID)

GROUP 2. HERBACEOUS PLANTS WITHOUT PETALS

.................................................................................. Polygonaceae buckwheats and allies

GROUP 3. PLANTS WITH SEPARATE PETALS;

GROUP 4. PLANTS WITH SEPARATE PETALS or FLOWERS PEA-LIKE

................................................................................................ Ericaceae (Ledum) Labrador tea

GROUP 5. PLANTS WITH CONNATE PETALS

ACERACEAE - MAPLE FAMILY (ACE - 164)

AMARANTHACEAE - AMARANTH FAMILY (AMA - 80)

APIACEAE - Carrot Family (API - 228)

Berula W.J.D. Koch Water Parsnip

Cymopteus cinerarius A. Gray - Alpine cymopteris.

Hydrocotyle L. Marsh Pennywort

Oxypolis Raf. Cowbane

APOCYNACEAE - Dogbane Family (APO - 247)

ASCLEPIADACEAE - Milkweed Family (ASC - 248)

ASTERACEAE - Sunflower Family (AST - 280)

GROUP 1. THISTLE TRIBE (Cynareae)

GROUP 2. CHICORY TRIBE (Cichorieae)

GROUP 3. DISCOID (RAYS ABSENT OR VESTIGIAL) - PAPPUS ABSENT

GROUP 4. DISCOID (RAYS ABSENT OR VESTIGIAL) - PAPPUS PRESENT

GROUP 5. RADIATE - PHYLLARIES ONE SERIES - CHAFFY BRACTS PRESENT

GROUP 6. RADIATE - PHYLLARIES TWO SERIES - CHAFFY BRACTS PRESENT

GROUP 7. RADIATE - RECEPTACLE NAKED - PAPPUS PRESENT

1. Pappus of scales or awns (Jepson Manual Group 11)

22' Heads usually solitary, 10-15 mm wide

GROUP 8. RADIATE - RECEPTACLE NAKED - PAPPUS ABSENT

Ageratina R.M. King & H. Rob.

2. Shrubs with winged pistillate involucres

Anisocoma Torrey & A. Gray

Antennaria Gaertn. Pussy-toes

Arida (R.L. Hartman) D.R. Morgan & R.L.Hartman