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Chapter 7: Traffic Control Equipment and Road Furniture (TCERF)

CC 302 Highway Engineering

Introduction
Definition of traffic control devices (TCD) : Traffic control devices include all traffic signs, traffic lights, road signs, and other devices placed on or sight of a street or highway by the public authorities

FUNCTIONS OF TCD
1. To provide convenience to the user to reach the destination
2. To provide security for the traffic user 3. To avoid traffic conflict at complex or congested areas 4. To smoothen traffic flow or to manage the traffic flow efficiently. 5. To give warning on the dangerous condition along the road way or highway

Fulfill the needs of traffic

Provide ample time for road users to react correctly

Get the

attention BASIC CHARACTERISTIC OF TCD


of traffic

Get

appreciation
from road users

Convey a clear, simple

meaning

REQUIREMENT OF TCD
Design of devices Placement of devices Operation / application of devices Maintenance of devices Uniformity of devices

TYPES OF TCD
i. Regulation device (peraturan) Mandatory (mandatori) Prohibitory (larangan) ii. Warning device (amaran) iii. Information or Guidance device ( makluman)

i)REGULATION DEVICE - Mandatory signs Mandatory signs give users notice of traffic laws or regulations. Such signs, designate right-of-way (e.g., STOP), indicate speed control ( e.g., SPEED LIMIT 60 km/j, SPEED ZONE AHEAD), control movements (e.g., NO RIGHT TURN, KEEP RIGHT, ONE WAY), regulate parking (e.g., NO PARKING), control pedestrian movements (e.g., CROSS ONLY AT CROSS WALKS), and regulate traffic in various other ways. All mandatory signs are appearance circle and white symbol as background blue or another comfortable color.

i) REGULATION DEVICE -Prohibitory signs

Prohibitory signs showing to all drivers about matter which cannot they do. For example, no u-turn, no waiting and no unload, no parking and prohibitory weight especially for car, size car and height. This signs ordinary appearance circle shape.

ii) WARNING SIGN

Warning signs direct attention to conditions on or adjacent to a street or highway those are potentially hazardous to traffic operations. Such signs require motorists to exercise caution, reduce speed, or make some maneuver in the interest of their own safety or that of other motorists or pedestrians Examples of warning signs are curve signs (showing curved arrow), STOP AHEAD signs, PAVEMENT ENDS signs, and advisory speed plates. The latter signs supplement other types of warning signs. Warning signs have a black legend and border placed on a yellow background. With but few exceptions, warning signs have a diamond shape.

iii) INFORMATORY SIGNS


Guide signs indicate route designations, directions, distances, point of interest, and other geographic or cultural information. Other examples of guide signs include JUNCTION signs, DETOUR signs, REST AREA signs, and service signs (FOOD, GAS, LODGING, etc ). Sign board like this normally provided with color blue as background and symbol or white which write by hand.

GUIDANCE/INFORMATION DEVICES
Guide signs indicate route designations, directions, distances, point of interest and other geographic or cultural
information

ROAD SIGNS OR ROAD MARKINGS

ROAD SIGNS OR ROAD MARKINGS


Defined as lines, symbols, words, numbers or other recorded instrument, or mounted on the sill of the road surface or road. In contrast to the traffic signs, markers continued to provide information to motorists. Signs are divided into two: -Signs on the road surface (permukaan) - Signs on the object path (pada objek)

PURPOSE OF ROAD SIGNS


To mark the class path. To give the user access to the user. To be a reference to the road authorities.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ROAD SIGNS


Street signs can be used to guide and control the position of the vehicle and complete a number of traffic signs To channel traffic into the correct position on the route. To separate opposing traffic flows. To determine the boundaries of the prohibition zone, overtake and turning lanes at intersections.

TYPE OF MATERIAL USED IN THE ROAD SIGNS


PAINT S (reflectorised and non-reflectorised) THERMOPLASTIC (reflectorised and nonreflectorised) PREFORMED PLASTIC TAPES(pita plastik pra bentuk) MARK ARISING (tanda timbul ) Proof POWDER LANE (serbuk jalur pemantul) OTHER MATERIALS

CAT
Bahan tanda yang pertama digunakan dengan begitu meluas untuk permukaan turapan, dan masih lagi menjadi yang paling biasa digunakan pada hari ini Cat lalulintas moden sangat tahan lasak dan cepat kering. Pemantulan cahaya dengan manik-manik kaca pada permukaan cat selalunya tidak berkilau atau separuh kilau. Mestilah tidak telus kepada wap air dari turapan akan menolak cat keluar dari permukaan jalan.

PLASTIK HABA (TERMOPLASTIC)


Bahan yang dibekalkan dalm blok atau serbuk Sekiranya dibekalkan dalam blok ia perlu dipecahkan dalam bentuk kecil dan dimasak dalam mesin pembakar yang mempunyai penggaul mekanikal. Begitu juga dengan hamparan di mana suhu dikawal agar mematuhi spesifikasi pembekal. Ketebalan hamparan bahan bergantung kepada kehendak spesifikasi serta jenis garisan atau tanda atas jalan raya sama ada garisan memanjang, mellintang atau anak panah. Julat ketebalannya adalah antara 2mm 5mm. Jenis bahan termoplastik terbahagi kepada 2 iaitu : Tergelek tuang panas Tergelek sejuk

PLASTIK HABA (TERMOPLASTIC)

PREFORMED PLASTIC TAPES(pita plastik pra bentuk)

TANDA TIMBUL
Digunakan di kawasan yang tidak tedapat kerja-kerja menolak salji atau penggunaan tayar berpaku. Tanda ini sangat baik pada waktu malam dan cuaca basah. Tanda ini timbul setinggi 0.62cm 2.3cm.

SERBUK JALUR PEMANTUL CAHAYA


Baru sahaja dimajukan dan boleh digunakan sebagai tanda jalan bebas segera juga di lintasan pejalan kaki, kawasan sekolah dan lain-lain.

BAHAN-BAHAN LAIN
Paku keluli tahan karat dan bahan tambahan lain seperti manik kaca yang terutamanya dicampur dengan cat yang telah digunakan.

ROAD SIGNS or ROAD MARKINGS


Road signs or road markings on pavement divided into lines, symbols, words, numbers or others material that painted or paste on the surface of the road. Five (5) generals class of markings: Pavement markings Curb markings Object markings Delineators Colored pavement

Pavement mark

Curb markings

Object markings

Delineators

Colored pavement

MATERIALS IN ROAD MARKINGS


Paints (reflectorised and non-reflectorised)

Thermoplastic (reflectorised and non-reflectorised)

Preformed plastic tapes

Never trust a green lights..

COLOR USED IN ROAD MARK


All pavement markings shall be white in

color. Yellow paint may be used at:


a) Yellow boxes in the urban areas b) kerb markings showing parking prohibitions covered by signs or ordinance. c) parking bays for taxis, buses and pedestrian crossings. d) Yellow bars at approaches to roundabouts and crosswalks.

TYPES OF ROAD MARKINGS LINES


Longitudinal lines Transverse lines Diagonal and chevron markings Ordering on pavement Arrows Entry sign to railroad crossings Vehicle parking area limit Yellow box Transverse yellow bars Paved road shoulder sign

Longitudinal lines

Diagonal and chevron markings

Transverse lines

ROAD STUDS
When road condition is wet, reflectorized road lines with reflectorized road studs is much needed. 3 types of road studs:i. Cats eye ii. Corner cube iii. Ceramic

CATS EYE
Cats eye consists of 2 parts:Metal base Rubber pad insert into each side

CORNER CUBE
Corner

cube has individual reflectors in each face of the stud consists of three sides

of cube It give 20 times more


light than cats eye at a distance of 100 mm

CERAMIC ROAD STUDS


Characteristic of Ceramic Road studs:Consisting of a heat-fired, vitreous & ceramic base and a heat-fired, opaque & glazed surface to produce the properties Ceramic markers' glaze protects against rainy days with excellent visibility.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF ROAD STUDS


ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Provide great visibility for drivers at Costly night and during bad weather conditions. Prevent fatal accidents and serious Maintenances require injuries caused by hidden and hard-tosee center lines.
Maximize the drivers ability to operate and maneuver through dark spots, or dangerous sharp-curved

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