MANE-4030: Elements of Mechanical Design: Worksheet #14

4/7/11: Topic: Planetary gear trains and gear tooth stress analysis The figure shows a planetary gear train. Tooth numbers for the gear train shown in the figure are N2 = 24, N3 = 32, N4 = 24. In this problem, you are to determine the output angular velocity and direction of shaft b, if shaft a is rotating at 320 rev/min in the direction shown and ring gear 5 is fixed. You are also to find the bending and contact stresses on gear 2 if the gear train is driven by a multi-cylinder engine and transmits 16 kW of power to a reciprocating pump (moderate shock). The steel gears have a module of 5 mm, a pressure angle of 20, and are manufactured with a quality number of 10. All of the gears have a face width of 40 mm. Assume accurate mountings and high precision gearing. a. How many teeth must gear 5 have (recall, gear diameter is proportional to number of teeth)? b. Determine the train value for the gear train from gear 2 to 5 (to do this, imagine the arm is fixed and gear 5 can rotate). c. Use the equation for planetary gears to determine the angular velocity of arm 6, which equals the angular velocity of shaft b. Indicate on the figure the direction shaft b rotates. d. Write the AGMA bending stress formula. Note, in this case we have metric units, so the module is given instead of the diametral pitch. Recall that the definition of the module is the inverse of the diametral pitch (module = diameter/number of teeth), so the formula in the book needs to be modified appropriate using the module in place of the diametral pitch. Find all the values for the formula in the tables in the book and compute the bending stress. e. Write the AGMA contact stress formula. As in the previous part, find all the parameters for the formula and evaluate.

4 3 6 2

EMD worksheet solutions #14

April 7, 2011 (a) Teeth number is proportional to the diameter. d5 = d2 + 2d3 + 2d4 . The teeth number for the ring gear is then : N5 = 24 + 2 32 + 2 24 = 136. (b) N2 24 e= = = 0.1765 N5 136 (c) w5 w6 0 w6 24 = = w2 w6 320 rpm w6 136 w6 = 68.57rpm The rotating direction is opposite to that of shaft a. (d) The AGMA bending stress formula, using the module instead of the diametral pitch, which is appropriate for metric designation: b = Ft Ka Kv Km KI mbJ

Note that gear 2 pitch diameter is d2 = (24)m = (24)(5 mm) = 120 mm. The tangential force, Ft , is obtained from the power and speed, and assuming that there are 2 planet gears that equally share the tangential force transferred from the sun: H = 16, 000 N-m rev 2 rad min = T 320 s min rev 60 s d2 T = 477.5 N-m = 2Ft = Ft (0.12 m) 2 Ft = 3979 N

The module and face width are given as m = 5mm and b = 40mm. The geometry factor, J , we can get from Table 15.9. Although the exact number of teeth we have here, pinion 24 and gear 32, do not appear in the table, we can look at the J values for the number of teeth that are close and interpolate or estimate that J = 0.36. The application factor, with driver being a multicylinder engine and the driven machinery being a reciprocating pump, is (Table 15.6) Ka = 1.5. The pitch line velocity, in feet/min, is needed for the speed factor, V = 320 rev min (012 m) rev 3.28 f t m = 395.7 f t/min

From Fig. 15.24, then Kv 1.1. For the given face width and accurate mountings, the mounting factor (Table 15.7) is Km = 1.3. While the gear is in contact with two planetary gears, it is not an idler gear, and the direction the gear teeth are bent is the same for both contacts. Thus, there is no two-way bending, and KI = 1. Solving for the bending stress then b = 119 MPa (e) The AGMA contact stress formula is
2 2 1 p 1 g + Ep Eg 1/2

sf =

Ft Ka Kv Km bdp I

Most of the terms in this equation, we found in part (d). The elastic properties for all the gears are the same because they are all steel, so Ep = Eg = 207GPa, and p = g = 0.3. The gear ratio is mG = 32/24 = 1.33, so the geometry factor, I, is I= Computing sf sf = 2 1 (0.3)2 207 103 MPa
1/2

sin 20 cos 20 2

1.33 2.33

= 0.092

3979 N (1.5)(1.1)(1.3) = 836 MPa (40 mm)(120 mm)(0.092)