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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 199
Unit 10 Notes
__________________
__________________
Air Operation Areas __________________
Objectives __________________
__________________
After reading this unit, you will be able to:
__________________
y Understand various Groups of Airside
__________________
y Know about FOD
y Know about de-icing
y Understand Guidelines for Air-traffic Controllers
y Understand Basic Concept of SMS
l Ramp operations
l Runway incursions
l Specialized services
Ramp operations
The ramp area (Apron) is generally designed for the aircraft,
and not for the vehicles that service and/or operate in the
proximity of the aircraft. On the other hand, the ramp area
sees a diverse collection of high placed activities that involve
aircraft, vehicles and individuals working in close proximity
to one another. This may include activities such as;
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 201
safety areas, or any other part of the movement area by radio Notes
or with advanced coordination with ATC. __________________
__________________
Night Driving or Bad Weather Driving
__________________
Extra precautions have to be taken by vehicle drivers for __________________
driving at night or in bad weather. They should be driven __________________
with slow speed and with care. __________________
due fog. Caution has to be taken as there may be extra risks __________________
present. __________________
__________________
Foreign Object Damage (FOD)
FOD or Foreign Object Damage is caused due to ingestion of
loose objects by aircraft engines, or due to hitting of such
material with the aircraft. Trash or rocks sucked into a jet
engine can shred parts of the engine in seconds. A rock caught
by a propeller can damage the propeller, as well as become a
deadly projectile. It should be made sure that all trash is
put in a covered container that won't be blown over. Also all
loose trash, rocks, pebbles, nails, bolts, or pieces of metal
near aircraft movement areas should be picked up and
removed. Also anything that could cause FOD or puncture
tires should be picked up and tracking mud and rocks onto
the pavement surfaces should be avoided.
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Runway Incursions
A runway Incursion is defined as an occurrence at an
aerodrome involving the incorrect or unauthorized presence
of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a
surface, designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 203
Runway incursion prevention programme involves 4 groups Notes
of persons/services. __________________
__________________
1. Pilots of aircraft.
__________________
2. Drivers of vehicle /Pedestrians/Personal working at the __________________
airports. __________________
l Communications
l Airport knowledge
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 205
4. Stay alert especially when visibility is low: Extra Notes
vigilance is required when visibility decreases and the __________________
ability for pilots and controllers to maintain desired __________________
level of situational awareness becomes significantly __________________
more difficult. __________________
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 207
destination signs and direction signs. Location sign is Notes
in black background with yellow inscription and when __________________
it is stand-alone will have yellow border. All other __________________
information signs will have black inscription on yellow __________________
background. __________________
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 209
No other transportation industry has a better safety record Notes
than aviation. And yet there is still always a need to improve __________________
it further. Technology helped a lot in the recent decades to __________________
maintain a more or less constant accident rate while __________________
passengers' numbers went up tremendously, but now a need __________________
is felt to sharpen the management skills so as to remain ultra-
__________________
safe in the future.
__________________
SMS, or Safety Management Systems, is exactly the right __________________
tool to achieve safety in aviation. It basically is a process __________________
where operators identify the hazards and associated safety- __________________
risks that are inherent in their individual operation and then
__________________
develop appropriate mitigation strategies.
SMS has two main purposes. The first is to reduce the safety-
risks for passengers, aircraft, personnel or property to a level
as low as reasonably practical. The second is to assist
managers with their constant dilemma between production
and protection: "is it a good idea to make an offer to that
customer who wants us to fly around unfamiliar mountainous
terrain in marginal weather or should we simply skip this
business opportunity?"
Advantages
First, it's not new: other major industries have implemented
SMS for decades and to revert to the "old days without SMS"
is simply unthinkable for them. They gained too much. The
best companies in business aviation have also been benefiting
from SMS for years, and they won't step back either.
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Notes flight request because risks were not properly assessed and
__________________ mitigated (just to take rather "happy-ending" occurrences).
__________________
Third, ICAO demands it and the various civil aviation
__________________
authorities are preparing for it. The ICAO deadline for Air
__________________ Traffic Service providers and airports has already passed;
__________________ aircraft operators and maintenance organizations are the
__________________ next in line. ICAO has issued DOC 9859-AN/460 containing
__________________ the details of Safety Management System.
__________________
Safety Management Systems of ICAO-General Descrip-
__________________
tion
__________________
The scope of SMS encompasses most of the activities of the
organization. SMS must start from senior management, and
safety must be considered at levels of the organization. SMS
aims to make continuous improvement to the overall level of
safety. All aviation stakeholders have a role to play in SMS.
States are responsible for establishing a safety program.
l Safety regulation
l Safety oversight
l Safety promotion
SMS Features
Systematic- Safety management activities are in accordance
with a pre-determined plan, and applied in a consistent
manner throughout the organization.
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 211
Responsibilities of SMS Notes
__________________
l A Systematic approach to managing safety, including
__________________
the necessary organizational structures, policies and
__________________
procedures.
__________________
l Providers (operators, organizations-In our case AAI) are __________________
responsible for establishing an SMS.
__________________
l States (In our case DGCA) are responsible for the __________________
acceptance and oversight of providers SMS. __________________
__________________
It is also required by ICAO that the States shall establish a
safety programme, in order to achieve an acceptable level of __________________
safety in:
l Aerodrome operations
1.5 Documentation
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SMS QMS
Focuses on Safety, human & Focuses on Products of an operation
organizational aspects of an (i.e. Customer satisfaction)
operation (i.e. Safety
satisfaction)
Results in the design and QMS techniques provide a
implementation of organizational structured process for ensuring
processes & procedures to processes & procedures achieve
identify hazards and control/ their intended objectives and where
mitigate risks in aviation they fall short, to improve them.
operation. (SMS builds partly QMS principles).
SMS should include both safety
& quality policies.
The coverage of quality policies
should be limited to quality in
support of safety.
Safety objectives should receive
primacy where conflicts are
identified.
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 213
Airports Authority of India's Safety Policy for Air Notes
established: __________________
Priority of Safety
Airports Authority of India will regard the safety of the air
traffic services system as the most important consideration
throughout all its activities.
Management Responsibility
Safety is an integral part of the provision of an efficient &
effective air traffic management system. All concerned
executives are accountable for the performance in their areas
of responsibility.
Safety Culture
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 215
unacceptable hazards are eliminated by the time the Notes
change is completed. __________________
__________________
(7) ensure that processes are in place which deliver
__________________
personnel who are adequately trained, motivated and
competent to perform the tasks required of them, in __________________
References:
1. DGCA CAR Section 4 - Aerodrome & Air Traffic
Services, Series 'X' Part IV, 17-10-07, "Runway Safety
Programme and formation of Runway Safety Teams".
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Questions
General Questions.
1. What is meant by 'Runway Incursion'? What are the
primary reasons for occurrence of runway Incursions?
Describe main features of prevention programme for
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UNIT 10 Air Operation Areas Safety Management 217
'Runway incursion' involving various groups of persons/ Notes
services as per DGCA Circular. __________________
__________________
2. Define manoeuvring area and movement area at an
__________________
airport.
__________________
3. What are the objectives of ATS Safety management __________________
system
__________________
4. What are precautions required to be taken for vehicle __________________
operations at the air side. __________________
__________________
Objective Type of questions
__________________
a. Ramp operations on an airport include------