Temperature T

Denition of Temperature Temperature is a quantity that denes the direction of thermal energy ow. Denition of Temperature Temperature (measured in kelvins) is a measure of average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance.

Kari Eloranta 2013 (Jyvskyln Lyseon lukio International 3 Thermal Physics Baccalaureate)

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Thermal Energy Q

Thermal Energy Energy that is transferred between a system and its surroundings by non-mechanical means is called thermal energy. Denition of Thermal Energy Thermal energy is energy that is transferred from one system to another due to dierence in temperature.

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October 9, 2013

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Internal Energy U
Denition of Internal Energy of a System Internal energy of a system is the total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules comprising the system. Internal Energy of Substance Internal energy of a substance is the total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance. Potential energy refers to energy associated to intermolecular forces. In ideal gases the forces are negligible (internal potential energy is zero). In liquids and solids the internal potential energy cannot be neglected.

Kari Eloranta 2013 (Jyvskyln Lyseon lukio International 3 Thermal Physics Baccalaureate)

October 9, 2013

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3.2 Closed System

A closed system can exchange energy, but cannot exchange matter with its surroundings. If the system is heated, the internal energy of the system increases. The experiments have shown that for homogeneous systems, if no phase changes occur inside the system, the temperature change T of the system is directly proportional to the thermal energy Q transferred to the system.

Kari Eloranta 2013 (Jyvskyln Lyseon lukio International 3 Thermal Physics Baccalaureate)

October 9, 2013

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3.2 Thermal Capacity C

Denition of Thermal Capacity Thermal capacity is the energy required to raise the temperature of a body by 1K. Equation of Thermal Capacity The thermal capacity C of a body is
C= Q T

(1)

where Q is thermal energy transferred into the system, and T the absolute temperature change of the body.

Kari Eloranta 2013 (Jyvskyln Lyseon lukio International 3 Thermal Physics Baccalaureate)

October 9, 2013

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3.2 Specic Heat Capacity c

Denition of Specic Heat Capacity Specic heat capacity is the energy per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K. Equation of Specic Heat Capacity The specic heat capacity c of a substance is
c= Q m T

(2)

where Q is thermal energy transferred into the system, m mass of the object made of a particular substance, and T absolute temperature change of the object.

Kari Eloranta 2013 (Jyvskyln Lyseon lukio International 3 Thermal Physics Baccalaureate)

October 9, 2013

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