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T Th he e G Ge en ne er ra at ti in ng g o of f F Fr ra ac ct ta al l I Im ma ag ge es s
U Us si in ng g M Ma at th hC CA AD D P Pr ro og gr ra am m


Teaching Assist. Math. Laura $tefan
~Dimitrie Cantemir University of Bucharest, Romania


ABSTACT. This paper presents the graphic representation in
the zplane oI the Iirst three iterations oI the algorithm that
generates the Sierpinski Gasket. It analyses the inIluence oI the
I(z) map when we represent Iractal images. We considered the
Iollowing maps: ( )
n
I z z , n 1, 6 = = and
( )
( )
4/ 3
I z exp z = .


1. Generating the Sierpinski Gasket

Let`s begin with a triangle (Ior example an equilateral one). Connect the
midpoints oI each side to Iorm Iour separate equilateral triangles and cut out
the triangle in the center. For each oI the three remaining triangles, perIorm
this same act. We have
k k
3 3
ki ki
k
i 1 k 1i 1
lim T T

= = =
=

(1)
where
k
ki i 1,3 T , = are triangles obtained in the k stage. We obtain a non-
void, compact set named Sierpinski Gasket.
Mathcad algorithm Ior the graphic representation:
The iteration 1






Anale. Seria InIormatic. Vol. VI Iasc. I - 2008
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The iteration 2



Fig.1 The Sierpinskis triangle


Fig.2 The second iteration applied to Sierpinskis triangle

The iteration 3





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Fig.3 The third iteration applied to Sierpinskis triangle


2. The influence of the transforming function I (z) in generating the
fractals:

Considering a B base matrix, in Mathcad:






Anale. Seria InIormatic. Vol. VI Iasc. I - 2008
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0
1
1 3
B
i
2 2
0
100
| |
|
|
|
=
+ |
|
|
|
|
\ .
, (2)
and a second one, W, obtained Irom din B, as:

( )
( ) ( )
T
T T T
W u1, u2, u3 augment u1 , augment u2 , u3 = . (3)
The column matrix T(B) is deIined:

( ) ( )
1
T B W B, B 1, B i
2
= + + , (4)
and the matrixes, G1, . . . G6, as:
( ) ( )
G1 B, G2 T G1 , G3 T G2 = = =

( ) ( )
G4 T(G3), G5 T G4 , G6 T G5 = = = . (5)


2.1. The case
( )
I1 z z = and the index
6
k 0,..5 3 1 =

Using the notation
( )
H1 I1 G6 =

the H1 image is obtained in the complex
plan as presented in Figure 4.


2.2. The case
( )
2
I 2 z z = and the index
6
k 0,..5 3 1 =

Using the notation
( )
H2 I 2 G6 =

the H2 image is obtained in the complex
plan as presented in Figure 5.






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Fig.4 The H1 map obtained using the function ( ) 1 = f : : and the matrix G6


Fig.5 The H2 map obtained using the function ( )
2
2 = f : : and the matrix G6


2.3. The case
( )
3
I 3 z z = and the index
6
k 0,..5 3 1 =

Using the notation
( )
H3 I 3 G6 =

the H3 image is obtained in the complex
plan:






Anale. Seria InIormatic. Vol. VI Iasc. I - 2008
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Fig.6 The H3 map obtained using the function ( )
3
3 = f : : and the matrix G6


2.4. The case
( )
4
I 4 z z = and index
6
k 0,..5 3 1 =

Using the notation
( )
H4 I 4 G6 =

the H4 image is obtained in the complex
plan:

Fig.7 The H4 map obtained using the function ( )
4
4 = f : : and the matrix G6








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Conclusions

The degree oI the transIorming Iunction I (z) produces a rotation oI the
image. Thus, Ior the Iirst degree Iunction the image oI the Iractals is
represented on the Iirst Irame; Ior the second degree Iunction the image oI
the Iractals is represented on the two Irames, and so on.
In the case oI the sixth degree Iunction,
( )
6
I z z = the image oI the
Iractals is represented in the Iollowing Iigure:

Fig.8 The H5 image obtained using the function ( )
6
= f : : and the matrix G6

II instead oI the G6 matrix, used in paragraph 2, one oI the G3, G4
or G5 matrix is applied the spectrum oI the map oI the Iractals is modiIied.
Thus, Ior the Iunction ( )
6
I z z = it results:
- Ior G4





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Im Si46
i
( )
Re Si46
i
( )


Fig.9 The H6 map obtained using the function ( )
6
= f : : and the matrix G4

- Ior G5
Im Si46
i
( )
Re Si46
i
( )

Fig.10 The H7 map obtained using the function ( )
6
= f : : and the matrix G5






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II the transIorming Iunctions are modiIied the domain covered by the
map oI the Iractals is modiIied.
The case
( )
4/ 3
I (z) exp z = and G6
Im Si6
i
( )
Re Si6
i
( )

Fig.11 The image H8 obtained using the function ( )
( )
4/ 3
exp = f : :
and the matrix G6


References

|Dev90| R.L.DEVANEY Chaos,Fractals, and Dynamics, Addison-
Wesley, Menlo Park, 1990.

|Dev92| R.DEVANEY - A Iirst course in chaotic dynamical systems.
Addison Wesley, 1992.

|Oli92| D.OLIVER - Fractal Vision: put Iractals to work Ior you. SAMS
Publishing, 1992. SoItware included.

|Bar88| M.BARNSLEY Fractals Everywhere, Academic Press, Boston,
1988.

|Gle87| J.GLEICK Chaos, Making a New Science, Viking, New York,
1987.





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|Chi83| I.CHISESCU - Spatii de Iunctii, Editura StiintiIic si
Enciclopedic, Bucuresti, 1983

|Sec02| N..A. SECELEAN - Msur si Iractali, Ed. Universittii 'Lucian
Blaga, Sibiu, 2002.

|Ste01| L.STEFAN - Msur HausdorII si generarea unor Iractali, proiect
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