Extension and Reinforcement 6º Richmond

Reinforcement and extension Science, Geography and History
Contents
Reinforcement Worksheets
Worksheet 1 Ecosystems Worksheet 2 Relationships between living things Worksheet 3 Environmental problems and protection Worksheet 4 The musculoskeletal system Worksheet 5 The nervous system and internal coordination Worksheet 6 Sexual characteristics Worksheet 7 Fertilisation, pregnancy, labour and the newborn Worksheet 8 Energy Worksheet 9 Light and sound Worksheet 10 Electricity and electrical circuits Worksheet 11 Magnets and magnetism Worksheet 12 Electricity Worksheet 13 Forces Worksheet 14 Inside a machine Worksheet 15 Movements of the Earth and Moon Worksheet 16 The Solar System Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet
Landscape and coasts Rivers and climates Population and economy Political organisation Landscape and rivers: Europe Climate and vegetation: Europe The European Union Prehistory Antiquity The Visigoths Al Andalus The Christian Kingdoms The Spanish Empire The fragmentation of the Spanish Empire Worksheet 31 The nineteenth century Worksheet 32 The twentieth century Worksheet 33 Recent decades
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Extension Worksheets
Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet 1 2 3 4 5 .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. 36 38 40 42 44 Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet 6 7 8 9 10 ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... 46 48 50 52 54 Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet Worksheet 11 12 13 14 ............... ............... ............... ............... 56 58 60 62
Santillana
Primary
The Reinforcement and extension Worksheets for Science, Geography and History, New Science, for Year 6 of Primary Education is a collective work, created, written and developed in the Primary Education department at Santillana Educacin, S.L. under the supervision of JOS LUIS ALZU GOI. Ilustrations: Domingo Benito, Nacho Gmez and Jos Santos. Content Editor: Ana Snchez-Ramal English Language Specialist: Jeannette West English Language Editors: Mady Musiol. Editorial Coordination: Michele C. Guerrini
2006 by Richmond Publishing 4 Kings Street Cloisters Albion Place London W6 0QT 2006 by Santillana Educacin, S.L. Torrelaguna, 60, 28043 Madrid Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educacin, S.L.
CP: 887014 Depsito legal:
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
Worksheet
1
Name
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Reinforcement
Date
Ecosystems have two components: living things and their phisical environment. The environment affects living things, and living things can change their environment. There are different ecosystems on Earth. Ecosystems can be terrestrial or aquatic.
1. Complete the chart. animals

2006 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.
bacteria
climate
fungi
light
plants
soil
water
Ecosystem
Environment
Living things
2. Match the two columns. Living things in the desert need very little water. The environment affects living things. Living things can affect their environment. Beavers can build dams and change the course of a river. Animals at the South Pole live in very cold temperatures. Only plants with small roots can grow in rocky soil. Plant roots can break down rocks.
Ecosystems
Worksheet
2
Name
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Reinforcement
Date
Based on how they obtain food, living things are divided into producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and decomposers. Living things feed on other living things. Relationships among living things can be represented by food chains. Other relationships among living things are parasitism, mutualism and competition.
1. Complete the sentences.
make their own food.

feed on producers. feed on primary consumers. feed on the remains of other living things.
2. Label the food chain. secondary consumer grass
producer gazelle
primary consumer lion
3. Match the two columns. One species benefits; the other is harmed. Two species benefit. All species are harmed. 4
Relationships between living things
Mutualism Parasitism Competition
Worksheet
3
Name
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Reinforcement
Date
The environment is all the circunstances, living things and habitats with a living thing interacts. The environment is threatened by problems such as pollution, global warming and species extinction. Human beings can protect the environment by declaring species endangered, creating wildlife preserves and fighting pollution.
1. Match the two columns.

Air pollution
Insecticides used in agriculture.
Soil pollution
Smoke from factories and vehicles.
Water pollution
Urban and industrial waste.
2. Complete the sentences. carbon dioxide reproduce in captivity extinction Sun Kyoto Protocol temperature wind
The amount of
in the atmosphere
has increased in recent decades. Scientists believe that the Earths is increasing because the atmosphere contains too many of these gases.
The disappearance of a species of living things is called Endangered species can be kept in special places so they can
.
Examples of non-polluting sources of energy include the

and . is an international treaty in which countries
The
promise to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide they release into the atmosphere.
Environmental problems and environmental protection
Worksheet
4
Name
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Reinforcement
Date
The musculoskeletal system is made up of the skeleton and the muscular system. Both systems work together to make the body move.
The skeleton is made up of all the bones and cartilage in the body. Bones
are joined at the joints.
The muscular system is made up of muscles, which contract and relax.
1. Use fixed, movable or gliding to complete the sentences. Then explain.

The skull is a The knee is a
joint because . joint because .
The joints between the vertebrae are
, joint because .
2. Circle the correct option. Then complete the sentences.
biceps
biceps triceps triceps
The arm bends.
The arm staightens.
The arm bends / straightens.

The biceps contract / relax and the triceps contract / relax. Two m When one muscle r 6
The musculoskeletal system
The arm bends / straightens.

The biceps contract / relax and the triceps contract / relax.
are involved in each movement. because they work in opposite directions. , the other contracts.
These muscles are called a
Worksheet
5
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Reinforcement
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The nervous system is responsible for sending and receiving information. The nervous system has two parts:
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.
The brain has three parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem.
The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves.
1. Complete the word map.

Nervous system
nervous system
perifrico
spinal cord
cerebellum 2. Match the two columns.
Involuntary muscles
The pancreas produces insulin.
The endocrine system
They move food in the digestive tract.
3. Complete the sentence.
The endocrine system is made up of several g

called h .
which secrete substances
The nervous system and internal coordination
Worksheet
6
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Reinforcement
Date
Primary sexual characteristics refer to the reproductive system. Secondary sexual characteristics differentiate men and women. Puberty is the stage when reproductive systems mature and secondary sexual characteristics appear.
1. Label the drawings. Female reproductive system

Male reproductive system
t 8
Sexual characteristics
Worksheet
7
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Reinforcement
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Egg cells are the female sex cells. Sperm are the male sex cells. Fertilisation occurs when an egg cell and a sperm cell unite and produce a cell called a zygote. The zygote divides again and again and finally becomes an embryo and then a foetus. Birth occurs when the foetus leaves the mother's uterus. The process of giving birth is called labour. There are three stages of labour: dilation, birth and afterbirth.
1. Use the words to complete the definitions.

breasts nutrients
egg female fertilisation male nine oxygen placenta pregnancy sperm sex cell. sex cell. and cells. . . and to the embryo. . months of pregnancy. .
Sperm: Egg:
Fertilisation: the union of
Zygote: the first cell of a new human being; it is produced after Uterus: the place where a baby develops during Placenta: an organ that provides
Umbilical cord: a tube which connects the embryo and the Birth: when the baby leaves the mothers uterus after Milk: liquid nutrient produced in the mammary glands or
2. Put the stages of labour in order. Write 1, 2, or 3. Birth. The baby is born through the dilated vagina. Afterbirth. The placenta is expelled. Dilation. The outer opening of the uterus dilates.
Fertilisation and pregnancy; birth and newborn babies
Worksheet
8
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Reinforcement
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Energy produces all the changes around us. We obtain energy from different sources. Sources of energy can be non-renewable or renewable, depending on whether they are consumed or not whenthey are used. There are different types of energy: mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, nuclear and light. Energy can be transformed.
Firewood, sunlight and wind are renewable sources of energy because

Oil and coal are non-renewable sources of energy because
2. Find six types of energy in the puzzle. Then write the names. E R S N U C L E A R M T T A N A I A E B R Q H D H I G U L S L U M I N L H A E T P O E R R R T M C G C H E M I C A L T A E E U S N F A S R Y N D U E I A N N I L E B D A A C D E C M M E C H A N I C A L T H E R M A L O L A
T E
10 Energy
M C
L N
Worksheet
9
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Reinforcement
Date
Light is a form of energy which travels in all directions but always in a straight line. Light is reflected by objects. Sound is a form of mechanical energy. The properties of sound are: intensity, tone and pitch.
1. Complete the sentences with the words in the drawings.
Source
Object Observer
Light from the The reflected light enables the

2. Tick the true sentence.
hits the
and is reflected. to see things.
Sound is a special form of light energy. Sound is a form of thermal energy. Sound is a form of mechanical energy.
3. Complete the definitions of the properties of sound.
The quality that makes it possible to differentiate loud sounds from soft ones
is called is called .
Light and sound
. .
The quality that makes it possible to differentiate high notes from low notes The quality that makes it possible to identify the source of sound is called
11
Worksheet
10
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Reinforcement
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An electrical current is the movement of electrical charges along a conductor. Conductors are materials that electrical current can easily flow through. Insulators are materials that electrical current cannot easily flow through. An electrical circuit is made of a generator, conductors, a switch, and one or more receivers.
1. Complete the crossword.
29 49
79
59 89
1. All objects have electrical c 2. Electrical charges can be positive or n 3. An object is n charges.
. . if it has the same number of positive and negative
4. An object is electrically c when the number of positive charges is different from the number of negative charges. 5. The flow of electrical charges is called electrical c . 6. Electrical current flows easily through c 7. Electrical current cannot flow easily through a 8. The g . .
provides the electricity to an electrical circuit.
12 Electricity and electrical circuits
19
Worksheet
11
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Reinforcement
Date
A magnet is an object that can attract metal objects made of iron, steel, nickel and some other materials. Magnetism is the power of magnets and magnetic objetcts to attract things. The poles are the parts of the magnet which most attract nearby metal objects. Each pole has a name: north or south. Magnets are used, for example, in compasses, in electric motors and at power stations.
1. Read the text. Write N or S to identify the poles.

If two magnets are put together, opposite poles attract, but equal poles repel.
attract N repel S
repel N
attract
2. Match the two columns. Plane or train ticket Magnetic strips They store information but not as much as magnetic mediums. ..
Compass
Computer hard disk Magnetic mediums They store a lot of information in a very small space.
Purse fastener
Credit cards Magnets They attract metallic objects. Memory cards for digital cameras
Magnets and magnetism
13
Worksheet
12
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Reinforcement
Date
Magnets can create electrical current. Dynamos are made up of a coil and a magnet, which can generate electricity. The electricity generated at power stations is transmitted through power lines to homes, industries and offices where it is used.
A dynamo is made up of a Together they can generate
and a coil.
2. Order the sentences to explain the drawing. Write 1, 2, 3 or 4. The movement of the turbine is transmitted to the generator.
4 1 3 2
Water flows down the wastepipe from the reservoir. The water moves the blades of the turbine.
The generator contains large magnets and coils. The generator produces electricity.
3. Write what a dynamo and a power station generator have in common.
14 Electricity
Worksheet
13
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Reinforcement
Date
Forces are actions which can distort bodies and change the state of motion. Forces can affect the movement of an object. They can make something move, stop a moving body, change the direction, increase the speed or reduce the speed.
1. Match the pictures with a sentence.
distortion.
The force causes
There is no force.
state of motion.
The force changes the
2. Why does a moving ball gradually lose speed and then stop on a flat floor? Tick the correct sentence. We have stopped exerting a force on it. The force of friction with the floor slows it down. Electrical force repels it.
Forces
15
Worksheet
14
Name
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Reinforcement
Date
Machines use the action of a force or transform one type of energy into another. We use machines to do work and save time and effort. Machines can be classified by the number of pieces, by how they work and by what they do. The parts of a machine are casing, structure, operating parts, mechanisms, motors and engines, and electrical and electronic circuits.
1. Complete the table to classify the machines. complex electricity fuel human energy process information simple thermal By the number of pieces s By how they work h f By what they do p m t i e w e c mechanical wind
2. Label the drawing. mechanism structure

casing
engine
16 Inside a machine
Worksheet
15
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Reinforcement
Date
The Earth rotates on its axis. This movement is called rotation. The Earth also revolves around the Sun. The Moon is a satellite which revolves around the Earth. Night and day are caused by the Earth's rotation. The seasons are caused by the Earth's orbit around the Sun and its tilted axis. The phases of the Moon are caused by the Moons orbit around the Earth.
1. Match the three columns and write complete sentences. The Earth rotates on its axis. in a movement called rotation which results in the seasons.
The Moon revolves around the Earth.
in a movement called an orbit
which causes the sequence of night and day.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
in 27.3 days
which causes the phases of the Moon.
2. Read the text. Then write summer or winter. It is summer in the hemisphere which receives more sunlight. It is winter in the hemisphere which receives less sunlight.
Sunlight
The Earth and the Moon: movements
17
Worksheet
16
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Reinforcement
Date
The Solar System is made up of the Sun and all the celestial bodies that revolve around it: the planets and their satellites, asteroids and comets. Galaxies are enormous groups of stars, gases and dust. Our Solar System is at the outer edge of a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way.
1. Complete the crossword with the names of the planets. Then write the numbers on the picture.
w
Sun Earth Venus 79
w
Jupiter 49 Neptune
29
w
Mercury Mars Saturn Uranus 39
2. Complete the text. The Earth and eight other planets are part of the These revolve round the Sun; some of them have dozens of Thousands of belongs to a 18 The Solar System . .
and comets also revolve around the Sun. The Solar System called the .
Worksheet
17
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Reinforcement
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The landscape of Spain consists of the Central Plateau, the mountains which surround the plateau, the mountains beyond the plateau, the Ebro and Guadalquivir river basins, and the Balearic and Canary Islands. The Spanish coast is divided into the Cantabrian, Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. The Cantabrian coast is high and rocky; the Mediterranean coast has low, sandy beaches; and the Atlantic coast is divided into three parts: the Galician, Andalusian and Canary Island coasts.
1. Label the map. Write 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Mar Cantbrico
1 Pyrenees 2 Cantabrian Range 3 Iberian Mountain Chain 4 Central Mountain Chain 5 Morena Range 6 Betic Chain
OCANO
ATL
NT
ICO
OCANO ATLNTICO
M a r
t e d i e M
r r
2. Complete the chart. Types of coast
C is high and rocky.
M has .
A is divided into three parts.
Galician
Landscape and coasts
19
Worksheet
18
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Reinforcement
Date
The rivers in Spain belong to three watersheds: Cantabrian, Atlantic and Mediterranean. Spain has four types of climate: the Atlantic climate on the Cantabrian coast and Galicia; the Mediterranean climate found in most of Spain; the subtropical climate in the Canary Islands; and the mountain climate in the high mountain ranges and chains.
1. Look at the map and complete the sentences.

Mar Cantbrico
l
n
Mediterranean watershed because it flows into the Sea.

ATLN
TICO
Eb
ro
The river Nalon belongs to the

Cantabrian watershed because it flows into the Sea (Bay of Biscay).
Tajo
Me
Mar
OCANO ATLNTICO
di
r er
eo
The river Tajo belongs to the Atlantic

watershed because it flows into the Ocean.
The The The The

precipitation. 20 Rivers and climate
climate, characteristic of the Cantabrian coast and Galicia,
has mild temperatures and abundant precipitation all year. climate, characteristic of the Canary Islands,
has mild temperatures all year round and low precipitation. climate has three types: continental, dry and typical. climate, characteristic of the highest mountain
ranges and chains, has very cold winters and mild summers with abundant
The river Ebro belongs to the
Na
OCANO
Worksheet
19
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Reinforcement
Date
The natural increase of the population in Spain is positive because the birth rate is higher than the death rate. The population density is low, and the population is not evenly distributed. More than half of the active population in Spain works in the tertiary sector; almost one third works in the secondary sector; and very few people work in the primary sector.
1. Look at the map and tick the true sentences.

Bay of Biscay
The most populated areas are on the coast. In general, inland Spain is not very populated. The Community of Madrid has a high population density.
OCEAN
The Spanish population is distributed evenly.
A TL AN T I C
Me
di
r er
an
an
se
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Population by Province More than 1,000,000 inhabitants 500,000 - 1,000,000 inhabitants Less than 500,000 inhabitants
2. Look at the pie chart and complete the sentences.
The majority of the active population in Spain works in the The smallest number of people work in the About one third of the active population in Spain works in the
sector.
5%
sector. sector.
32 %
ACTIVE POPULATION
63 %
Primary sector Secondary sector Tertiary sector
Population and economy
21
Worksheet
20
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Reinforcement
Date
The form of government in Spain is a parliamentary monarchy. The Constitution is the most important law in Spain. The principal political institutions of Spain are the parliament Las Cortes, which creates and approves the laws and controls the government; the government, which governs the country; and the Courts of Justice, which are responsible for ensuring that laws are obeyed. 1. Tick the correct option.
The Spanish Constitution ...

defines the rights and duties of citizens. includes the laws approved by the government.
Spain is a parliamentary monarchy.

In this type of government ... the king makes political decisions without the parliament. the king is head of state but does not make political decisions.
2. Complete the word map. Political institutions P is made up of C of the Senate M G is made up of President C of J is made up of J Magistrates
3. Match the two columns. The parliament governs the country in accordance with laws approved by Parliament. are responsible for ensuring that laws are obeyed. creates and approves laws and controls the government.
The government
The Courts of Justice 22 Political organisation
Worksheet
21
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The European landscape is made up of a large central plain, high mountain chains bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the south, and lower mountain chains in the north. European rivers belong to five watersheds: Artic, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Black Sea, Caspian Sea.
1. Label the mountains. The Alps

Balkans Carpathian Mountains Scandanavian mountains
Pyrenees
The A M
ARCTIC OCEAN
OC
EA
TIC

Black Sea
Caspian Sea
ATLAN
B
M e d i t e r r a n e a n
S e a
2. Colour one river in each watershed according to the key. Watersheds: orange Arctic: green
Landscape and rivers: Europe
Atlantic: blue Mediterranean: red
Black Sea: yellow Caspian Sea: black 23
Worksheet
22
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Most of Europe is located in the temperate zone. There are three types of climates: Atlantic, Continental and Mediterranean. The mountain climate can be found on the peaks in large mountain chains, and the subtropical climate is found in the Canary Islands. Each climate has characteristic vegetation.
1. Complete the sentences. Tick the correct option.
The Mediterranean climate is

found in southern Europe. central and eastern Europe.
N
EA
North Sea
Mediterranean climate Continental climate
Polar climate Mountain climate Subtropical climate
The Continental climate is found

in central and eastern Europe. on the peaks of mountain chains.
Se
AT
Black Sea
The Atlantic climate is found in

southern Europe. western Europe.
M e d i t
r r a n e a n
S e a
2. Match the two columns. Tundra Mediterranean climate Continental climate Atlantic climate Polar climate Mountain climate Taiga 24 Climate and vegetation: Europe Holm oak Beech Prairies
Atlantic climate
NTI
C O C
Cas
n pia
LA
Worksheet
23
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Reinforcement
Date
The European Union (EU) is an organisation made up of twenty-five countries to promote the political and economic union of its member states. The principal institutions of the European Union are: The Council of the European Union, The European Parliament, The European Commission, The Court of Justice.
1. Write the numbers of the European Union members on the map.
IC O CE AN
North Sea
Ca
i sp
an
ANT
se a
Black sea
ATL
M e d i t e r
a
r
n e a n
s e a
1 Spain 2 Portugal 3 France 4 United Kingdom 5 Ireland 6 Belgium 7 Luxembourg

The European Union
8 Czech Republic 9 Slovakia 10 Austria 11 Germany 12 Netherlands 13 Italy 14 Poland
15 Finland 16 Latvia 17 Lithuania 18 Estonia 19 Greece 20 Cyprus 21 Malta
22 Slovenia 23 Sweden 24 Dermark 25 Hungry
25
Worksheet
24
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Reinforcement
Date
Prehistory is divided into three periods: Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Age of Metals. In the Palaeolithic, human beings were nomads. In the Neolithic they became sedentary. In the Age of Metals they built the first villages. In Prehistory there were important discoveries, such as fire, pottery and cloth, and human beings created the first art forms.
1. Look at the picture of a Neolithic settlement and complete the text. In the Neolithic, human beings learned to cultivate p a clans called t l and making t and domesticate . The the first s .
People were organised into groups larger than , and each member , caring fon the a or w . had a specific job such as cultivating the
2. Complete the table. Tick . Palaeolithic

They made objects from metal. They were nomads and lived in caves or huts. They cultivated plants and domesticated animals.
Neolithic
Age of Metals
3. Find three important discoveries made in prehistoric times.
B A N D U S
L R I E P E
C F C F O R
O I X R T R
G R F U T O
H E O B E I
M O H M R A
K P A L Y S
E Z U A A B
C L O T H O
26 Prehistory
Worksheet
25
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Reinforcement
Date
Three thousand years ago, the peninsula was inhabited by the Iberians and Celts. In this same period, there was a kingdom called Tartessus. Later came the colonising civilisations: Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians. In the year 218 B.C. the Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula and named it Hispania. The Romans settled in the peninsula and carried out a process called Romanisation in which the inhabitants adopted the language and customs of Rome.
1. Order the events. Write A, B, C, D or E.

A The Phoenicians founded colonies on the southern coast. B The Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula. C The Greeks arrived on the peninsula. D The Iberians and the Celts inhabited the peninsula. E The Carthaginians arrived on the peninsula.
1 2 3 4 5
2. Circle the correct option about Hispania. In the year 218 A.D. the Romans defeated the
Phoenicians / Carthaginians and conquered

the Iberian Peninsula. However, the civilisations in the
interior / Mediterranean, west and north

resisted. The conquest was complete in the year 19 B.C. The Romans named the peninsula
Tartessus / Hispania and made it part of the Roman Empire.

Over time, the inhabitants adopted Roman customs and language. This process was called
Romanisation /
Reconquest.
La Edad Antigua
27
Worksheet
26
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In the 5th century the Visigoth kingdom replaced Roman Hispania. The Visigoths divided the peninsula into dukedoms governed by dukes. Important Visigoth kings:
Leovigild: moved the capital to Toledo Reccared: converted to Catholicism Recceswinth: unified the laws of the kingdom Roderic: the last Visigoth king
The Visigothic kingdom lasted until the year 711 A.D. when Muslim troops invaded the peninsula.
Bay of Biscay
ASTURS CANTABRIANS VASCONS
The Visigoths made Toledo the capital of their kingdom. The Visigoths last conquests were lands in the south. The Canary Islands were part of the Visigoth kingdom.
OCEAN
Toledo
ATLANTIC
a Se
n ea an r r te Medi
Invasion route: visigoths Visigoth kingdom of Toledo First Visigoth conquests Last Visigoth conquests
2. Match the two columns. Leovigild Reccared Recceswinth Roderic 28 Los visigodos was defeated by Muslim troops. moved the capital to Toledo. converted to Catholicism. unified the laws of the kingdom.
1. Look at the map and tick the true sentences.
Worksheet
27
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Reinforcement
Date
A small force of Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 A.D. The territory occupied by the Muslims was called Al Andalus. First, Al Andalus was an emirate. Later, it became a caliphate. Finally, it was divided into small independent kingdoms called taifas. The last taifa was the Kingdom of Granada, which was conquered in 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs.
1. Complete the timeline. caliphate

emirate
taifas
756
929
1031
1492
2. Complete the sentences about Al Andalus.

Santiago Leon Zamora Burgos
Al Andalus was occupied by the Muslims

Pamplona
between the years

Zaragoza
and
Guadalajara Toledo Lisboa Cceres Valencia
In 756 A.D., Abd ar-Rahmman I established

Al Andalus as an e .
Cordoba Sevile ATLANTIC OCEAN Granada
Mediterranean Sea
Abd ar-Rahmman III changed Al Andalus

to a c .
Christian kingdoms territories Caliphate territories Expeditions by Abd ar-Rahman III
In 1031, Al Andalus was divided into

i called t k .
In 1212, the Muslims were defeated at the

Battle of Las N de T .
In 1492, the Catholic Monarch

conquered the K G
Al-Andalus.
of . 29
Worksheet
28
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Date
When the Muslims invaded the Peninsula, small Christian Kingdoms were formed in the north. They defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Covadonga in 722. The new kingdoms were the Kingdom of Asturias, and later the Kingdom of Leon and the Kingdom of Castile; the Catalan Counties and the Kingdom of Navarre. Over time, the Christian Kingdoms expanded their territory and formed the Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon. In 1212 the Christians defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, which resulted in the end of Muslim occupation.
A The Crown of Aragon was formed. B The Crowns of Aragon and Castile were united. C Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. D Battle of Covadonga. E The Crown of Castile was formed.
722 1137 1212 1230
1 2 3 4 5
1492
2. Tick the kingdom. Kingdom of Asturias

It conquered the Canary Islands. It was the first Christian Kingdom. It was formed when the Catalan Counties and the Kingdom of Aragon united. It was created by Pelayo's successors. It conquered territories in Italy and Greece.
Crown of Aragon
Crown of Castile
30 The Christian kingdoms
1. Order the events and write A, B, C, D or E. Then write the letters on the timeline.
Worksheet
29
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Reinforcement
Date
The Catholic Monarchs, Charles I and Philip II ruled over a great empire: the Iberian Peninsula, the Canary and Balearic Islands, a large part of the American continent and some parts of Europe, Asia and northern Africa. During the 16th century, there were some popular revolts on the peninsula, and the monarchs faced serious problems outside of Spain.
1. Order the kings. Then place them on the timeline. Philip II

Catholic Monarchs
Charles I
1 2 3 Reign of Reign of Reign of
1516
1556
1598
2. Tick the reign. Reign of the Catholic Monarchs

Battle of Lepanto Battles against Lutherans Conquest of the Canary Islands The Netherlands rebelled Columbus expedition to America Revolt in cities of Castile
The Spanish Empire
Reign of Charles I
Reign of Philip II
31
Worksheet
30
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Reinforcement
Date
In the 17th century, the kings chose court favourites to help them govern; revolts of protest broke out in Catalonia and Portugal, and the Netherlands declared its independence from Spain. In the 18th century, after the War of Succession, the Bourbons ascended the Spanish throne. The new dynasty replaced court favourites with secretaries of state and carried out many reforms.
1. Complete the crossword.
1 The War of S
after Charles II died.
began in 1700
2 The first Bourbons established a new form

of government: an a monarchy.
19 29 39
3 The New Regime D
, written by Philip V, abolished local laws and institutions of the territories of the Crown of Aragon. of s replaced the kings favourites and helped the king to carry out government activities.
4 In the 18th century, secretaries
2. Tick the correct option.
In the 17th century, court favourites tried to ...

increase the power of the king. lessen the power of the king.
After the War of Succession, ...

the Bourbon dynasty ascended the Spanish throne. the Duke of Lerma was named court favourite.
In the 18th century the kings replaced the ...

court favourites with secretaries of state. secretaries of state with court favourites.
Among the reforms introduced by the Bourbons in the 18th century were ...
the creation of royal factories and trading companies. the appointment of court favourites. 32 Fragmentation of the Spanish Empire
Worksheet
31
Name
Remember
Reinforcement
Date
The reign of Ferdinand VII began after the War of Independence. Ferdinand
abolished the Constitution of 1812 and persecuted the liberals. When he died, Isabel II ascended the throne and faced numerous political changes, such as the proclamation of the First Republic in 1873.
In 1874 the monarchy was restored and Alfonso XII was proclaimed king.
In 1923, during the reign of his successor Alfonso XIII, General Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship, which lasted until 1930.
1. Order the events. Write A, B, C, D, E or F.

A Reign of Alfonso XII B Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera C War of Independence D Reign of Isabel II E First Republic F Reign of Fernando VII
1 2 3 4 5 6
2. Match the two columns. Then complete the timeline with the events. 1816 1874 1923 1808 1812
1812 1816
The Constitution of Cadiz was approved. The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera began. The War of Independence began. Argentina won its independence. The reign of Alfonso XII began.
1874
1808
1814 Reign of Ferdinand VII
1833 Reign of Isabel II
1923
1930 The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera ended.
The 19th century
33
Worksheet
32
Name
Remember
Reinforcement
Date
In 1931 the Second Republic was proclaimed. During this period, numerous reforms were carried out, and many social and political conflicts existed. General Francisco Francos coup detat in 1936 marked the beginning of the Civil War. The Republicans supported the Republic, and the Nationalists supported Franco. After the Civil War, which ended in 1939, the dictatorship of General Franco began. The dictatorship lasted until 1975.
1. Tick the true sentences. Then correct the ones that are false. During the Second Republic, the Constitution gave women the right to vote for the first time.
The Republicans won the Civil War.
During Francos dictatorship, there were various political parties and labour unions.
Supporters of the monarchy won the elections in 1931.
Franco controlled all the powers of the State during the dictatorship.
2. Complete the table with the correct dates. It began in Second Republic The Civil War Francos dictatorship 34 The twentieth century It ended in
Worksheet
33
Name
Remember
Reinforcement
Date
After Franco's death in 1975, the transition to democracy began, and Juan Carlos I was proclaimed King of Spain. In 1977 the first democratic elections were held after forty years. One year later the Spanish Constitution was approved. During this period, Spain was organised into Autonomous Communities and joined the European Community. In 1982 the Socialist Party (PSOE) won the general elections. In 1996 the Popular Party (PP) won the general elections. In 2004 the PSOE won the general elections again.
1. Write an important event for each year.
In 1975, In 1977, In 1978, In 1982, In 1996, In 2004,
2. Tick the events which occurred during the transition and democracy. Spain became a member of the European Community. Spain was organised into regions and provinces. Political parties were illegal. The Civil War broke out. The Spanish Constitution was approved. Juan Carlos I was proclaimed King of Spain. Adolfo Suarez legalised all the political parties.
Recent decades
35
Worksheet
1
Name
Bar graphs
Extension
Date
A bar graph is a type of chart that uses rectangular bars to represent information that we can compare or follow over a period of time. One axis shows the type of information and the other shows the quantity or frequency. The length of each bar is proportional to the number it represents.
trees bushes grasses
1. Answer the questions.
How many plants are trees? How many plants are bushes? How many plants are grasses? Which plants are most common? Which are least common?
36
2. Complete the bar graph with information from the drawing, page 36.
11 10 9
Number of plants
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Trees Bushes Grasses
3. Use the information about the plants in the Mediterranean forest to complete the bar graph. holm oak: 25 cork oak: 35 pine tree: 15 rosemary: 40 lavender: 20 madrona tree: 15 red lavender: 30 honeysuckle: 10 daisy: 15 fumatory: 20 poppy: 40
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0
oak rk oak e tree emary ender a tree ender suckle m l v n y co lav pin ho ros dro red la hone ma ry sy ato dai fum py pop
37
Worksheet
2
Name
Anatomical drawings
Extension
Date
Anatomical drawings are used to present information to study the human body. They illustrate all elements in their proper places. These drawings consist of a detailed diagram or illustration of an organ. Ovals, rectangles or arrows can be used to label the different parts.
1. Label the drawing. lens optic nerve iris 38 pupil eyelashes eyebrow eyeball lachrymal gland (tear gland) eyelid
2. Read the text. Then label the anatomical drawings.
The musculoskeletal system

The musculoskeletal system is made up of the skeleton and the muscular system. The skeleton is made up of bones and cartilage. Bones are hard and strong, and cartilage is flexible but very strong too. Cartilage provides flexibility where two bones join together, and covers the ends of bones and joints to protect them and help the body move easily. Some important bones are the vertebrae, femur, ribs, ulna, radius and coccyx. The muscular system is made up of muscles. Muscles are strong and elastic and they work together with the bones. The muscles can carry out involuntary movements, such as the heartbeat and digestion, or voluntary movements, such as walking or eating. The gemellus, biceps, pectorals, orbicularis oris (eye muscles), deltoid and trapezius are some important muscles.
39
Worksheet
3
Name
Concept maps
Extension
Date
A concept map is a type of diagram used to present the most important information about a specific topic, organise it in order of importance and indicate relationships. These maps consist of ovals or rectangles with text inside. General concepts are usually placed at the top of the diagram and more specific ones at the bottom.
The female reproductive system
The male reproductive system
1. Use the words to complete the diagrams. ovaries penis vas deferens 40 vagina urethra Fallopian tubes testicles uterus
2. Complete the concept map. Reproductive systems
Female is made up of internal organs external organs internal organs
Male is made up of external organs
3. Look at the drawing about fertilisation and complete the concept map. The sex cells The process of fertilisation are called
and
They unite in one of the
and produce a
which later becomes an
41
Worksheet
4
Name
Comparing information on graphs
Extension
Date
To compare information on graphs, we first extract the information we need. For example, in a bar graph, we look at the height of the bars. Once we have all the information we need, we check whether it is identical or different, if quantities are larger or smaller, and in which sections this occurs, etc.
HOUSE A
630 585 540 495 450 405 360 315 270 225 180 135 90 45 0 630 585 540 495 450 405 360 315 270 225 180 135 90 45 0
HOUSE B
Electricity consumption (kWh)
Jan.Feb.
Mar.Apr.
MayJulyJune Aug. MONTHS
Sep.Oct.
Nov.Dec.
Jan.Feb.
Mar.Apr.
MayJune
JulyAug.
Sep.Oct.
Nov.Dec.
MONTHS
1. Complete the table with information from the bar graphs. Remember that bills are for a two-month period. Abbreviation Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 42 Months January Consumption - House A 450 (kWh) Consumption - House B
In which months is the same amount consumed in the two houses? In which months is less electricity consumed in House A? In which months is less electricity consumed in House B? How much electricity does House A consume in one year? How much electricity does House B consume in one year?
3. Use the information in the table to complete the bar graph.

630 585
Months January February March - April May - June July - August September October November December
Electricity consumption (kWh) 450

540 495 450 405 360 315 270 225 180
630 405 225 315 495
135 90 45 0
Jan.Feb.
Mar.Apr.
MayJune MONTHS
JulyAug.
Sep.Oct.
Nov.Dec.
43
Worksheet
5
Name
Using a compass
Extension
Date
A compass is a simple instrument used for showing direction and locating the north and other cardinal points. It consists of a small needle that acts like a magnet and always points towards north because of the Earths magnetic field. Aviators, sailors, hunters and campers use compasses when they need to find directions.
NT OU IN M TA CHA GA
AI
G N
housing
magnetic needle pivot
Rive ra
El Fresno degree scale La Moheda
cardinal points variation angle
Rozacorderos
Arrago R ive
Moraleja
0 4,2 km
Porciones Hulaga
(in metres)
Altimetry
brown orange yellow green
MAGNETIC DECLINATION purple Roads red

magnetic north MN geographic north GN
more than 500 400 - 500 300 - 400 less than 300 Town
= 2 west
Magnetic declination
The Earth is like a huge magnet with two magnetic poles: north and south. The position of these poles is not always the same. It varies slowly over time, and does not always coincide with the geographic poles. If you connect the two geographic poles with an imaginary line, you will see that there is a variation between that line and the line that joins the two magnetic poles. This is called the magnetic declination, . You often see a small angle on maps to show this variation and the direction in which it is produced so adjustments can be made on compasses.
44
alia ain a Ol S a n tn t a i n c h mou
de
Ga
ta
Borbollon reservoir
1. Complete the text. cardinal magnetic degree circle casing north freely
A compass is an instrument made up of a on a pivot which enables the needle to turn The outer to marked on it. into the degrees of a . The compass has a
needle mounted . scale which is divided points
is called the housing. The needle always points (0 to 360). It also has the
2. Look at the map on the previous page and answer.

In what direction would you go to travel from Rozacorderos to El Fresno? And to travel from La Moheda to the Gata Mountain Chain? What does the arrow in the top right-hand corner of the map represent?
3. Colour this map according to the key and choose the correct answer.
Santa Mara la Real de Nieves
RI
C MO ENTR UN TAI AL NC HA IN 1
00
00
Cantimpalos
1,
GN
Altimetry (altitudes based on the average sea level of the Mediterranean at Alicante) Equidistance between level curves 200 metres. green brown less than 800 m more than 1,200 m yellow 800 - 1,000 m MAGNETIC DECLINATION GN Geographic MN north Magnetic north = 8 west orange 1,000 - 1,200 m
Moros River
Are reg valo ion
00
,2
Maps usually show the north at the top: that is, the geographic north / the magnetic north. On all maps, the magnetic declination is the same / different. The magnetic declination of this map is 8 west. This means that the geographic
North Pole is towards the east / the west.
VE
R
Segovia
Conventional signs: black Railway purple Road blue River Town
MA ES ER
red
45
Worksheet
6
Name
Distinguishing between machines and operating parts
Extension
Date
In order to distinguish a machine from an operating part, we should first review the definition for operating part, simple machine and complex machine. Then we should apply the definition to the mechanism we want to analyse, specifically to its structure and how it works. When we analyse a wheel, we should reach this conclusion: a wheel is an operating part because it does work inside a machine but cannot do work by itself.
GEARS
weight
LEVERS
HELICOPTER
46
1. Complete. Write an operating part, a simple machine or a complex machine.
A lever is Gears are Each of the gear wheels is A helicopter is

2. Explain.
. made up of several gear wheels together. . .
A machine is an object which uses Simple machines are made up of

or transforms
. .
Complex machines are made up of

.
Mechanisms are
.
3. Look at the gear wheels on the previous page. Draw arrows to show the direction they will move and the direction the weight will move. Explain. The weight will move up / down because .
4. Use the key to label the points on the levers. Key: fulcrum - F, resistance - R, effort - E
5. Label the helicopter, page 46. Write blades, rotor, wheels or landing gear. Indicate what each one is: operating part (op) or mechanism (m). 47
Worksheet
7
Name
Interpreting geographical coordinates
Extension
Date
Geographical coordinates are imaginary lines used to locate any point on the Earth. These lines are called meridians and parallels.
Meridians are the halves of the great circles between the two poles. They
divide the Earth from north to south. The Prime Meridian at Greenwich is the most important meridian. Meridians are also called lines of longitude.
Parallels are the complete circles which divide the Earth horizontally.
The most important is the Equator, which divides the Earth into two hemispheres, north and south. Parallels are also called lines of latitude.
North Pole
North Pole
north latitude
60
60
Equator
south latitude
40
40
20
Prim e Meridi an
20
60 30 0 30 60
west east longitude longit ude
0
0
Sourth Pole
20
20
40
40
60
South Pole
60
1. Look at the two small spheres and answer.
What are the imaginary lines between the two poles called? What are the complete circles that go around the Earth horizontally?
48
2. Label the large sphere on page 48.
The Tropic of Cancer is a parallel north of the Equator. The Tropic of Capricorn is south of the Equator. The Prime Meridian passes through the city of London. The Arctic Circle is the parallel furthest north. The longest parallel is the Equator.
Which is the most important parallel?

Which is the principal meridian? Where are two meridians further apart, at the poles or at the Equator? Do two parallels ever meet at any point? Where do meridians meet? How many equal parts does the Equator divide the Earth into?
4. Trace over the meridians in blue and the parallels in red. Label the drawing.
49
Worksheet
8
Name
Making a vegetation graph.
Extension
Date
Vegetation graphs show vegetation in a specific area according to the altitude and mountain slope where the different species are found. The vegetation on a mountain varies depending on the altitude since temperature and precipitation also vary. It is also important to consider on which side of the slope a plant species is found since sunny slopes have more sunlight and higher temperatures.
1,000 m
500 m
100 m
poplar willow orchard
Key olive vineyard cork oak
holm oak oak pine
1. Colour the drawing. 50
2. Complete the chart.
TYPE OF VEGETATION Altitude 0 to 100 m 100 to 500 m 500 to 1,000 m more than 1,000 m Shady slope Sunny slope
3. Use the key to colour the altitudes on the map. Colour the symbols, too.
Key
green brown blue orange yellow holm oak cork oak wild olive tree Pyrenean oak birch shady
0
1,500 m 1,200 m 900 m 600 m 300 m 0m oak river bank trees pine bushes
SCALE 100 200 metres
300
sunny
4. Study the map in Activity 3 and complete the chart. 1. On the vertical axis, write the same altitudes you find in the map key. 2. Colour the different levels of vegetation the same colour you used on the map. 3. Write SH (shade) or S (sun) in the boxes. 4. Draw vegetation symbols on the chart based on: altitude slope (SH or S) 51
Worksheet
9
Name
Map scale
Extension
Date
Maps are representations of the real world in a reduced size. They try to be as accurate as possible. The scale is the relationship between the real size of the area and its representation on the map. For example, a scale of 1:10 means that each centimetre on the map is equal to 10 m. of land. The larger the number of the scale, the smaller the territory represented on the map.
A Corua
Santander
Cadiz
Almeria
Key provintial border Autonomous Community border

SCALE
75
kilometres
150
provintial capital
52
1. Use the key to colour the map on the previous page. Then write the provintial capitals. Key: green = coastal province; red = inland province
2. Next, connect the following cities with a line. Then measure the distances and complete the table.
A Corua and Almeria
Cadiz and Santander

Actual distance
Distance on the map A Corua and Almeria Cadiz and Santander
3. Look at the two maps of the Canary Islands. Colour and write the scale in each box.
SCALE SCALE
30
kilometres
60
45
kilometres
90
SCALE SCALE
30
kilometres
60
SCALE SCALE
45
kilometres
90
53
Worksheet
10
Name
Interpreting pie charts
Extension
Date
Pie charts are used to show proportions or percentages of a whole. We use a circle divided into sections or sectors. The area of the circle represents the whole, and the area of the sectors represents the parts. For example, the largest sectors will represent the largest percentages.
0 to 10 10 to 100 Fewer than 100
3
North Sea
EA
OC
Se a
IC
4 1
Mediterr an
Black Sea
AT
LA
NT
e a n
S e a
1. Find the numbers on the map and write the corresponding country and capital. Country 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 54 Capital
POPULATION DENSITY (inhabitants/km2)
ian Casp
2. Look at the map on the previous page and complete the table. Countries with high population density average population density low population density
3. Calculate the percentage of the population of each country and write it on the table. Remember you need to consider the total to calculate percentages. Country
Population 41,000,000 11,000,000 4,300,000 143,000,000 22,000,000 8,000,000 300,000 229,600,000
(%)
Ranking
Spain Greece Norway Russia Rumania Austria Iceland TOTAL
100%
4. Now organise the data from largest to smallest. To do this, write the ranking of each country according to its percentage. 5. Create a pie chart with the population percentages of each country. Make each country a different colour and complete the legend. Key
55
Worksheet
11
Name
Historical maps
Extension
Date
Historical maps can show empires, kingdoms, countries and cities that existed in the past, as well as other useful information. We use different colours to represent each empire or kingdom, and small circles to show big cities in that time period. Historical maps have a legend to explain the meaning of the symbols and a scale to determine the size of the areas represented.
R i v er D
l a
c k
S e a
E U R O P
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Nemausus
A S I A
Ri
ve
r E u ph r at e s
Rome
Athens Corinth Ephesus
2 1
Palmira Baalbek
4
Alcntara
Tarraco Segovia
M
e
Pompeii
6
r
Petra
1 3
Emerita
Timgad
Cyrene
Leptis Magna
A F The Roman Empire
Key
1. Name four European countries that belonged to the Roman Empire.
56
ube an
2. Draw these symbols where they belong on the map on page 56. Complete the legend.
1 Theatre 4 Triumphal arch
2 Amphitheatre 5 Mosaic
3 Aqueduct 6 Bridge
3. Now look at the map and complete the table. Places Bridge Aqueduct
Theatre Amphitheatre Triumphal arch Mosaic
4. Draw the symbols from Activity 2 on the map of Roman Hispania.
5
Astorga Ampurias
3 4 6 1 4 2
Cadiz Caparra Alcantara Merida Cordoba Italica Segobriga Segovia
4
Tarragona
1 2
Sagunto
57
Worksheet
12
Name
Comparing two works of art
Extension
Date
Comparing consists of contrasting the similarities and differences among different images or objects. To compare two works of art, two monuments, etc. we should first examine the common elements and determine the similarities and differences.
Works of art
Each historical period usually has a different predominant artistic style, that is, a group of features that characterises the works of art of that specific period. For example, during the Middle Ages there were two principal artistic styles: the Romanesque and the Gothic. characterised by churches with little height, featuring rounded arches, thick walls, round towers and small windows that let in very little light.
The Romanesque style developed from the 10th century to the 12th century. This style is
The Gothic style developed from the 13th century to the 15th century. Characteristics
of this style include cathedrals with pointed arches, tall spires and large stainedglass windows.
1. Compare the two monuments. Write their characteristics. 1
Building:
church / cathedral Height: low / high Decoration: elaborate / simple Arches: rounded / pointed Towers or spires: yes / no Cathedral, Leon
Church of Santo Domingo de Silos, Burgos
58
2. Circle the odd word out. Explain. architecture sculpture painting brick
Brick because it is a material and not a style of architecture.

mosaic aqueduct triumphal arch bridge
small windows round towers tall spires rounded arches
monastery church cathedral portrait
3. Compare these two paintings from the 17th century and complete the file cards.
Girl with a Pearl Earring (Vermeer).

Portrait: half length Portrait: full length Face: front view Face: half profile Background: . Facial expression: . Clothes: .
Portrait of Prince Baltasar Carlos (Velazquez).

Portrait: half length Portrait: full length Face: front view Face: half profile Background: . Facial expression: . Clothes: .
59
Worksheet
13
Name
Studying a building
Extension
Date
A building can provide a lot of information about the historical period in which it was built and about its function. To study a building, we should identify its most important characteristics and compare them to the characteristics of other buildings from the same period or from a different period. Some characteristics we should look for are: when it was built, what its function was (religious, individual house, political), the main parts of the faade and the interior, as well as decorations including sculptures, stained-glass windows, columns, murals
Front elevation
towers
Reims Cathedral columns
stained-glass window
pointed arches sculptures entrance
1. Colour the Reims cathedral. 2. Complete the sentences.
The cathedral faade has The cathedral has a large The entrance has
60
towers. window. arches.
Floor plan
NORTH
transept
ambulatory
entrance
side aisle
WEST

nave side aisle
altar
EAST
apse
SOUTH
SANCTUARY
3. Complete the index card with information and characteristics of Reims cathedral.
Reims Cathedral
General information
Date built: Use: Artistic style:

Front elevation
Orientation of sanctuary:
Highest part: Decoration:

Floor plan
Type of arches:
Location of altar: Number of aisles: Number of apses:

1. orientation
Number of naves:
Location of transcept:
2. number of columns
61
Worksheet
14
Name
Classifying sources
Extension
Date
Historians use different types of documents and sources of information to study the past. Some documents come directly from the period being studied and are called primary sources. Others are current documents but refer to the past. These are called secondary sources. For example, a book written by a historian is a secondary source, but a manuscript from the period is a primary source. Documents can be graphics, including paintings, photos, etc.; texts (such as letters or diaries) and objects like coins, medals or stamps from the period.
DOCUMENT 1 DOCUMENT 2
DOCUMENT 4 DOCUMENT 3 Betty Harris job, 1942 I went to work in the mine when I was twenty-three. I pull coal carts and work from six in the morning to six at night. I stop about an hour to eat. For lunch I have bread and butter but nothing to drink. I never have holidays and dont have any health benefits. My cousin looks after my children in the daytime. I am very tired when I get home at night; I fall asleep sometimes before I get washed
1. Write the number of the document you would consult.
To describe what a workers food was like in a mine. To count the number of workers. To learn how many hours people worked in 1842. To learn what the work environment was like. To learn what materials were used to build factories. To describe machines in an old factory.
62
2. Look at the documents on the previous page and answer.
Where was the factory located? In the city. / In the countryside. / By the sea. How many people worked in the factory? A few. / About 20. / Over 100. How long did they work each day? 12 hours. / 6 hours. / 9 hours. What machines did they use? Ploughs. / Steam hammers and looms. / Picks and shovels. There was a lot of pollution because the factories burned coal. / used electricity. /
depended on nuclear power. 3. Imagine you have to write the story of your life. Classify and write the numbers of the documents you could use for your investigation.
1. A photo of you when you were born 2. The floor plan of your home 3. A toy you had when you were a baby 4. A video of your last birthday 5. Your school report cards 6. Some clothes you had when you were little 7. Cards you sent at Christmas or postcards from holidays 8. Your birth certificate 9. Your family photo album 10. Your medical records Graphics Texts Objects Sources Primary Secondary Sources
4. Write the name of other sources you could use for your autobiography.
Primary: Secondary: Graphics: Texts: Objects: 63

Extension and Reinforcement 6º Richmond

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Extension and Reinforcement 6º Richmond

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Reinforcement and extension Science, Geography and History

CP: 887014 Depsito legal:

1. Complete the chart. animals

1. Complete the sentences.

make their own food.

2. Label the food chain. secondary consumer grass

primary consumer lion

Mutualism Parasitism Competition

1. Match the two columns.

Insecticides used in agriculture.

Smoke from factories and vehicles.

Urban and industrial waste.

Examples of non-polluting sources of energy include the

The muscular system is made up of muscles, which contract and relax.

1. Use fixed, movable or gliding to complete the sentences. Then explain.

The skull is a The knee is a

joint because . joint because .

The joints between the vertebrae are

2. Circle the correct option. Then complete the sentences.

biceps triceps triceps

The arm bends.

The arm staightens.

The arm bends / straightens.

The arm bends / straightens.

These muscles are called a

The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves.

1. Complete the word map.

cerebellum 2. Match the two columns.

The pancreas produces insulin.

The endocrine system

They move food in the digestive tract.

3. Complete the sentence.

The endocrine system is made up of several g

which secrete substances

The nervous system and internal coordination

1. Label the drawings. Female reproductive system

Male reproductive system

1. Use the words to complete the definitions.

Fertilisation: the union of

Fertilisation and pregnancy; birth and newborn babies

1. Complete the sentences.

Firewood, sunlight and wind are renewable sources of energy because

Oil and coal are non-renewable sources of energy because

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the drawings.

2006 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.

Light from the The reflected light enables the

and is reflected. to see things.

3. Complete the definitions of the properties of sound.

1. Complete the crossword.

. . if it has the same number of positive and negative

provides the electricity to an electrical circuit.

12 Electricity and electrical circuits

2006 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.

1. Read the text. Write N or S to identify the poles.

1. Complete the sentences.

A dynamo is made up of a Together they can generate

3. Write what a dynamo and a power station generator have in common.

1. Match the pictures with a sentence.

2006 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.

The force causes

The force changes the

2. Label the drawing. mechanism structure