Barrier to effective communication; 1.

Physical Barrier:
Physical distractions are the physical things that get in the way of communication. Examples of such things include the telephone, an uncomfortable meeting place, and noise. These physical distractions are common in the hospital setting. If the telephone rings, the usual human tendency will be to answer it even if the caller is interrupting a very important or even delicate conversation. Distractions such as background noise, poor lighting, uncomfortable sitting, unhygienic room, or an environment that is too hot or cold can affect people's morale and concentration, which in turn interfere with effective communication.

2. Perceptual Barrier:
Perceptual barriers are barriers that may not actually exist in physical form, but the barriers do exist in the mind of the person perceiving a situation. For example, a young person may perceive that an older person would not be able to use 'modern' forms of communication such as texting or e-mail. However, the older person may actually be aware of how to use these forms of communication. If not, they are most likely capable of learning how.

3. Emotional Barrier:
The emotional state of a person at a particular point of time affects his/her communication with others as it has an impact on the body language (nonverbal communication). If the receiver feels that the sender is angry (emotional state), he/she can easily infer that the information being obtained will be very terrible. Emotional state causes some physiological changes in our body that may affect the pronunciation and information interpretation of the receiver during verbal communication.

4. Cultural Barrier:
Culture shapes the way we think and behave. It can be seen as both shaping and being shaped by our established patterns of communication. Cultural barrier to communication often arises when individuals in one social group have developed different norms, values, or behaviors to individuals associated with another group.

5. Language Barrier:
When working or interacting with those who speak other languages, it can help to be aware of some common barriers that make communication difficult. Even within the same language, regional differences and modern slang can lead to confusion between speakers. Knowing some of the common obstacles language learners face can help you to facilitate more effective communication and avoid misunderstandings.

6. Gender Barrier:
Gender barriers to communication arise because men and women have a different way of communication and each feels uncomfortable while talking to the other because of the basic differences in communication styles. Secondly, the speaking function of the brain in men is on the left side but in women it is located in both left and right hemispheres of the brain. This means that women link logic and emotions while talking and men mainly try to relate to logic. As a result of this men will not be able to understand what women have to say and vice versa.

7. Interpersonal Barriers:
Interpersonal barriers occur due to the inappropriate transaction of words between two or more people. The two broad categories into which this barrier can be classified are: Inefficiency in communication skills Negative aspect nurturing in the climate If there are two people involved in communication, the traits that distinguish them as individuals can be the root cause of a communication problem The most common reasons for interpersonal barriers are as follows: *Limited vocabulary *Emotional outbursts *Communication selectivity *Poor listening skills *Noise in the channel *Cultural variations