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The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed here are those of the
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) or conference
organizers. UNISDR cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in
this publication, and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of its use.
Table of Contents
• Part 1: Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Reduction
• Part 2: Public Private Partnerships
• Part 3: Urban Disaster Risk Reduction
• Part 4: Community Disaster Risk Reduction
• Part 5: Information Communication
Technology
• Part 6: Early Warning
• Part 7: Space Tools
• Part 8: Safe Hospitals
• Part 9: Education and Disaster Risk
Reduction
• Part 10: Indigenous Knowledge
• Part 11: Implementing HFA
• Part 12: Mainstreaming Disaster Risk
Reduction
• Part 13: Regional and Country Profiles
Overview:
Disaster Risk Reduction
Contents
• Overview: Disaster risk reduction
• Disaster frequency
• Disaster frequency by type and region
• Disaster risk reduction components
• Shift to DRR
• Damage assessment process
• Remote sensing
• Disaster risk reduction and poverty
DISASTER STATISTICS Disaster frequency
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management
including Disaster Risk Reduction.”
DISASTER STATISTICS Disaster frequency by type and region
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session on “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction.”
DRR CONCEPTS Disaster Risk Reduction Components
“Building culture of
prevention is not easy,
while the cost of
prevention had to be
paid in the present, its
benefit lie in the
distant future.
Moreover, the benefit
are not tangible; they
are disasters that did
not happen”
- Kofi Anan, Former UN
Secretary General
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management
including Disaster Risk Reduction.”
DRR CONCEPTS Shift to DRR
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia
and the Pacific”
DRR CONCEPTS Damage Assessment Process
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
DRR CONCEPTS Disaster preparedness
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management
including Disaster Risk Reduction”
DRR CONCEPTS Remote Sensing
Remote sensing (passive and active sensing) critical in earth observation of weather satellite
collection platforms critical for monitoring, prediction and detection
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management
including Disaster Risk Reduction.”
DRR CONCEPTS Disaster Risk Reduction and Poverty
Source: Saidur Rehman, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
DRR CONCEPTS Disaster Risk Reduction and Poverty
Source: Saidur Rehman, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
Part 1: Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction
Contents
• Salient global statistics
• Salient statistics in East Asia
• Impacts in coastal areas of Asian countries
• Potential climate change impact
• Natural disaster and climate change linkages
• Case for climate change mitigation
• Managing climate risk framework
• The UN Convention on Climate Change
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
• Knowledge gaps
• Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer
• Issues in CCA and DRR
Part 1: Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction
Ch
Salient statistics
Ch
Projected surface temperature changes for the early and late 21st century relative to the period
1980-1999
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Global Statistics
Ch
Updated 100-year linear trend of 0.74 ºC for 1906-2005
Source: G. Srinivasan, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Global Statistics
Ch
Global climate change from man-made activities
Ch
Change in climate variation: generally
the emphasis until now has been on
changes in the mean climate. We need
to understand the impacts of changes
in climate variability at a range of
scales: decadal, inter-
annual, seasonal, daily, and taking into
account large-scale atmospheric
regimes
Source: G. Srinivasan, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Global Statistics
Ch
Warm nights increasing; cold nights decreasing
Frequency of occurrence of cold or warm temperatures for 202 global stations for
3 time periods:
1901 to 1950 (black), 1951 to 1978 (blue) and 1979 to 2003 (red)
Source: G. Srinivasan, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Global Statistics
Ch
Proportion of heavy rainfalls: increasing in most land areas
Regions of disproportionate changes in heavy (95th) and very heavy (99th) precipitation
Source: G. Srinivasan, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Global Statistics
Ch
Small changes in temperature, increase in disaster risks
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Statistics in East Asia
Ch
Changes in number of heavy rainfall days and hot days over locations in the East Asian Region
Source: Trevor Tague, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Statistics in East Asia
Ch
Changes in the Frequency Distribution of Extremes
Source: G. Srinivasan, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Statistics in East Asia
Ch
Projections of Regional Tmax and Daily Rainfall Changes
Source: G. Srinivasan, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Impacts in coastal areas of Asian countries
Ch
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Potential Climate Change Impact
Ch
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Potential Climate Change Impact
Ch
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Impacts of climate change and disasters
Ch
• The increase in GHG concentration and atmospheric warming impacts sea level, temperature, precipitation, and
extreme events
• This negatively affects sectors and quality of living in cities
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Natural disasters and climate change
Ch
linkages
Source: G. Srinivasan, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Natural disasters and climate change
Ch
linkages
Source: Rebecca McNaught, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case for climate change mitigation
Ch
• Reducing the production of GHGs, i.e. mitigation climate change impacts, would
not only be cheaper in the long-run however, also lead to a reduction in
temperatures
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Managing Climate Risk Framework
Ch
Source: Masud Siddiqui, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.””
CLIMATE CHANGE The UN Convention on Climate Change
Ch
COP
Conference of the
Parties
IPCC
Secretariat
SBSTA Subsidiary
SBI Subsidiary Body
Body for Scientific and
for Implementation
Technological Advice
IPCC
Source: Yap Kok Seng, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk
Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Ch
(IPCC)
UNFCC Secretariat
Plenary WMO/UNEP in
Switzerland
Source: Yap Kok Seng, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk
Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Knowledge gaps in the areas of climate
Ch
change and disaster risk reduction
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
“Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on
CLIMATE CHANGE
Ch
Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters”
Overview
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
“Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on
CLIMATE CHANGE
Ch
Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters”
Hotspot Exercise
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
“Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on
CLIMATE CHANGE
Ch
Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters”
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Issues in CCA and DRR
Ch
Case evidence is strong enough
for action: Climate change adaptation and
• Asian urban growth disaster risk reduction –main
• Local decentralization crux now for the development
• Capacity gaps in cities
• Financial pressures
of Asian cities
• ↑Vulnerabilities
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Issues in CCA and DRR
Ch
Once we know, what do we
“No regret” interventions -
Need for
do? -Prioritize actions -there
are both urgent and
recognizing opportunity monitoring and
important areas that need to
costs associated with
interventions
evaluating of
be looked at- progress and gaps
Ch
Since the inception of UNFCC, adaptation has been poor. At the Climate Change
Conference in Bali, it was realized that all countries would need to adapt.
Definitions
Adaptation
Adaptation capacity
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change Adaptation
Ch
Definitions
Flexibility
Mainstreaming
Vulnerability
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change Adaptation
Ch
Effective approaches for adaptation
• Engage stakeholders
• Identify and set priorities for action
• Assign responsibility for action and monitor implementation
• Keep adaptation strategies under regular review
Key issues
Adaptation = flexibility
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change Adaptation
Ch
Adaptation Continuum
Vulnerability Adaptation Development
Impacts to and to Resilience
Adaptation Development Resilience
Identifying the Adaptation that Development
poor naturally builds built on local
livelihoods coping
Explaining pre- mechanisms
poor livelihood Livelihoods built
insurance by entitlement Coping
strategies focus mechanisms
safeguarded
Giving practical Development
“voice” demonstrably Social resilience
(governance) to achieved “Take the Punch”
the voiceless “Bounce back
and beyond”
Source: Phil O’Keefe et al., Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change Adaptation and ICT
Ch
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change and Health
Ch
IPCC projections and hypothesized impact on health (adapted from IPCC 2007)
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change and Health
Ch
Overview
• The under 5 infant mortality rate in Africa is
largely attributable to infectious diseases
• For Ghana, Mozambique, and Bangladesh,
climate change influences, to a high
degree, infectious disease outbreak and its
control
• The third figure is a simplified infectious
disease risk assessment
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change and Health
Ch
The health ecology approach to infectious disease risk reduction for health security at the
global, community, and individual levels
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change and Health
Ch
Integrated health risk reduction in contexts of Risks get understood through
disease and climate change various research approaches such
as:
Pathogenic
Clinical-epidemiological
Temporal-climatic
Spatial-environmental
Socio-economic
Behavioral
Perceptual
Multivariate and integrative
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change and Health
Ch
A moving target for reducing climatic health risks:
“ Pathogenic adaptation in
relation to climate change is
not fully understood and to a
large extent still has to be
regarded as unpredictable. It is
therefore important to
focus research into human
vulnerability, coping and
resilience, where more certain
links to disease risk may be
understood ”
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Fire and Rescue Perspectives
Ch
First responders like police, fire and rescue services, and ambulance are involved in
climate change-related incidents such as fire, search and rescue, and mass
decontamination
4) Recovery Phase
2) Rescuer Training - Transport (boats, sleds, inspections)
- Two kinds of training: - Utility services (gas, electric, water, communications)
- i. First responder – basic water access skills - Water removal (HVP, peristaltic pumps, water vacuums)
- ii. Swift water rescue technician – advanced - Home risk assessment (safety advice)
rescue skills
Source: Trevor Tague, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Northumbria Infectious
Ch
Disease Risk Management Program
Program overview
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Northumbria Infectious
Ch
Disease Risk Management Program
Integrated (Community) Disease Risk Reduction (IDRR) Methodology
Reduce uncertainty through
comprehensive disease risk
assessments Through the
• Participation, appropriate frameworks, following
monitoring, evaluation of relative causality
• To know who, when, where, and the
mechanisms:
circumstances of changes in hazards,
vulnerability and capacity • Locally-owned research
• Empirical verification of disease hazard • Capacity building
• Systems development
• Disease risk
Community engagement assessment in the
• Empower people community
• Sensitize institutions • Using local committees
• Delineate responsibilities of the state
• Legislate rights of individuals, and
responsibilities of informal and private
sectors
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Climate Disaster Resilience
Ch
Initiative (CDRI)
Goals
• To measure the level of climate disaster resilience of urban poor communities
• To develop a yardstick i.e., Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) to measure
the level of climate disaster resilience the methodological approach to do that
• To map the communities’ position in the level of climate disaster resilience
• To help policy formulation by the development organizations and take
necessary action to enhance climate disaster resilience of communities
Source: Rajib Shaw, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Climate Disaster Resilience
Ch
Initiative (CDRI)
Expected outputs
• Methodology of CDRI development
• CDRI to measure city’s climate disaster resilience
• Climate Disaster Resilience Map for each city
• Policy tools for Government and development organizations, to prioritize
the sectors in vulnerable communities
• Strength and weakness of different sectors of each dimension of CDRI
(physical/social/economic/institutional/Natural) of a city
Source: Rajib Shaw, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Cholera in Mozambique
Ch
Case of cholera in There is high correlation between the variation
Mozambique in cholera cases in Beira, Mozambique compared
to rainfall, temperature and humidity from 1999-
• Population of 18.5 million; 2003
capital 0.5 million
• Vulnerable to diarrheal diseases
• High incidence of absolute
poverty
• Low elevation, estuarine
• High
humidity, temperature, seasona
l rainfall
• Concentrations of populations
near aquatic environments
• Adaptive Vibrio cholerae 01
serotypes Ogawa and Inaba
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Malaria in Ghana
Ch
Distribution of number of malaria cases and Distribution of number of malaria cases and
rainfall amount in Ashanti, Ghana mean air temperature in Ashanti, Ghana
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Korea
Ch
Statistics
Source: Yeon-Soo Park, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Korea
Ch
Statistics
Ch
The Government of Korea is taking the threat of climate change as an opportunity to develop
new initiatives:
• Promoting and fostering “green” industries
• Climate Change Task Force under the Office of the Prime Minister
• Disaster managers participating in “adaptation” area
Source: Yeon-Soo Park, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Korea
Ch
Development of disaster and safety Promoting a natural disaster
technologies using IT interventions insurance program
• Development of a National Disaster • Managed by NEMA and operated by private
Management System (NDMS) insurance companies
• Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) for Disaster
Information
Programs for DRR
Source: Yeon-Soo Park, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Emergency Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent
Ch
Lessons learned
• Assessing and addressing current and future climate risks at national levels
• Assessing and addressing current and future climate risks at community
level
• Education and awareness raising
• Non-traditional partnerships and networks
• Advocacy
• Integrating climate change into existing training, plans and strategies
Funding mechanisms
Source: Rebecca McNaught, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
Part 2: Public Private Partnerships
for Disaster Risk Reduction
Contents
• Overview
• Catastrophe risk insurance
• Statistics: Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
• Challenges of insuring catastrophic risks in Asia
• Government Instruments to Finance Natural
Disasters
• Catastrophe Risk Insurance Needs in Asia
• Role of Government vs. Private Sector
• Pre-requisites
• Attributes
• Benefits
Part 2: Public Private Partnerships • Data requirements for insurance companies
for Disaster Risk Reduction • Increasing Catastrophe insurance penetration
• Asian Regional Catastrophe Pool
• Conclusions
• Case study: Swiss Re
• Case study: Taiwan Residential Earthquake Insurance
Pool
• Case study: Mexican catastrophe risk financing
• Case study: Catastrophic insurance in Japan
• Case study: Turkey Earthquake Pool
• Case study: Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance
Facility
• Case study: Earthquake coverage for Guatemala and
El Salvador Business Continuity Planning
• Case Study: Business Continuity Management in
Malaysia
• Case Study: Nestle Malaysia
• Case Study: UEM Group and Mercy Malaysia
• Case Study: Anti-Disaster Glass Promotion in Japan
• Case Study: Petronas Corporate Social Responsibility
PPP for DRR Overview: Public Private Partnerships (PPP)
Ch
There are variations in the phrase representing public private partnerships:
Source: Various presentations, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Statistics: Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Low catastrophe insurance penetration in Asia
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Statistics: Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Consequences of low insurance penetration
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Statistics: Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Heavy burden of natural disaster loss as a percentage of GDP and Government Revenue
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
Challenges of insuring catastrophic risks
PPP for DRR
Ch
in Asia
Ch
in Asia
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
Challenges of insuring catastrophic risks
PPP for DRR
Ch
in Asia
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Government Instruments to Finance
Ch
Natural Disasters
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Insurance Needs in Asia
Ch
As a result of the
conference, the Delhi
Recommendation to On the 7th and 8th November Declaration 2007 was
strengthen financial 2007, New Delhi hosted the adopted, among other points
mechanism for disaster Second Asian Ministerial urging,
reduction: Delhi Declaration Conference on Disaster Risk •“… the national governments to
strengthen financial mechanisms for
(2007) Reduction disaster reduction, including risk
transfer and risk finance including
innovative approaches in
microfinance, micro insurance …”
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
To absorb large natural catastrophic events, risks need to be shared
between individuals, corporations, the domestic insurance and
global reinsurance industry, and capital markets
• Absent is an efficient re/insurance market (i.e. in developing and
emerging countries) and governments play a more active role as
risk taker
• We need to find new forms of public-private partnerships to tackle
climate-related and natural catastrophe risks
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Role of Government vs. Private Sector
Ch
Role of private insurance Role of government
• For many disaster types, private insurance • The primary role of governments is to set a
provides an efficient tool to cover financial regulatory framework which allows for
losses effective private risk transfer
• Reasons for insurance pools are manifold. • Government interventions can lead to
Pools are neither good nor bad per se and unexpected effects and may trigger further
must be evaluated case by case interventions instead of addressing the
• The primary role of insurance in disaster root causes
prevention is to ensure risk-adjusted • In specific cases, government
pricing, as this provides an incentive for interventions can supplement the private
preventive measures insurance industry and expand limits of
• State, NGO and charity organizations may insurability. Market inefficiencies or
compensate victims for non-insurable failures may require state intervention
losses, but should not do so for insurable • In public-private partnerships
risks which are deliberately not insured governments can take different roles:
Insurer, reinsurer, rule setter, (re)insurance
buyer, risk aggregator, provider of financial
support for insurance schemes
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia:
Ch
Pre-requisites
Insurability
criteria
Mutuality:
Economic viability:
numerous exposed parties
private insurers must be able
must join together to form a
to obtain a risk-adequate
risk community, to share and
premium
diversify the risk
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia: Attributes
Ch
Key Attributes of Catastrophic Insurance Pools for Residential
Risks
• Government Mandate –compulsion
• Limited cover for an affordable premium
• Public Private Partnership
• Distribution of policies and claims by the private sector
• Contribution to risk capital by both private sector as well as
government
• Government contingent capital or guarantee for remote
risk-critical subsidy
• Initial Administration by private sector
• Seed capital and technical assistance provided by
development banks
• Bespoke Cat Loss and Financial Modelling
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia:
Ch
Benefits
Value of Catastrophe Pools
• National and regional catastrophe risk pooling schemes provide the platform to meet
the pressing need for wider catastrophic cover in Asia
• Pooling risk across a wide area provides better spread and more efficient use of Asian
capital to finance Asian catastrophic risk
• Mandatory pools create the spread of risk and critical mass to make catastrophic
insurance affordable and effective
• Compulsion a key requirement to overcome lack of risk awareness and anti selection
• Provide a more efficient platform to transfer catastrophic risk into international markets
(reinsurance or capital markets)
• Reduces uncertainty and the need for costly ‘sleep easy’ cover purchased by individual
insurers
• Provides a mechanism to encourage risk mitigation and safer construction practices
• Provides the platform to increase risk awareness
• Public campaigns
• Facilitates the build up catastrophic reserves through concessionary accounting and tax
rules
• Facilitates research and investment in the modelling and pricing of cat risk
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
National Catastrophe Pool Conceptual Risk Transfer
Programme
• Uninsured cat risk already carried by Governments
• Insurance pool provides the vehicle to build a fund to
finance the risk
• Risk in excess of local fund/market capital transferred
to the reinsurance and capital markets
• Remote ‘top’risk guaranteed by government through
post loss funding –not economic to reinsure
• Over time build up self supporting fund Government
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Data requirements for insurance companies
Hazard Data Vulnerability Data Calibration
• Meteorological Data • Building Code • Historical Loss Data
• For tropical storm, Rm, • Code Itself, Historical • Type of
⊿p, Translational Speed Transition, Enforcement Hazard, Date, Place, Inju
etc System, Inspection ry, Affected Area etc.
• Geological Data System etc. • Some data available
• Fault, Soil Type etc. • Since most buildings in through Nat Cat Event
Asian countries are non- Database, EM-Dat, and
engineered, contractor’s GLIDE however, not
quality is a key issue sufficient to design the
• Vulnerability is unknown financial product
so parametric trigger
typed transaction is
acceptable for risk taker in
spite of basis risk
Source: Hiroyuki Watabe, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Increasing Catastrophe Insurance
Penetration
Enhance Awareness of catastrophe Sharing good practices
risk • Disseminating knowledge to stakeholders
• Many DRR projects done in the region like including local insurers
community based risk reduction and early • Insurance contracts are normally difficult for
warning system for safe evacuation people with complex policy wording which
• Not much knowledge on risk financing decreases their interest in purchasing the
• More opportunities are required for dialogues insurance coverage
on risk financing • On the other hand, parametric trigger type
products are very easy to understand for the
client.
• There is the basis risk problem that is the
difference between received amounts and
actual loss amount
Source: Hiroyuki Watabe, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Conclusions
Source: Hiroyuki Watabe, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Conclusions
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Swiss Re
Ch
Swiss Re
Overview
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Swiss Re
Ch
Contributions in Risk Management
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Taiwan Residential Earthquake
Ch
Insurance Pool (TREIP)
Overview
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Taiwan Residential Earthquake
Ch
Insurance Pool (TREIP)
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Taiwan Residential Earthquake
Ch
Insurance Pool (TREIP)
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Taiwan Residential Earthquake
Ch
Insurance Pool (TREIP)
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
Case study: Mexican catastrophe
PPP for DRR
Ch
risk financing
Source: Rubem Hofliger, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
Case study: Mexican catastrophe
PPP for DRR
Ch
risk financing
Source: Rubem Hofliger, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Mexican catastrophe
Ch
risk financing
Source: Rubem Hofliger, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
Case study: Mexican catastrophe
PPP for DRR
Ch
risk financing
Source: Rubem Hofliger, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
Case study: Mexican catastrophe
PPP for DRR
Ch
risk financing
Source: Rubem Hofliger, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Catastrophic insurance in Japan
Ch
Background
• PPP for earthquake risk reduction started in 1923 after the Great
Kanto Earthquake that killed over 140,000 people. Fire following the
earthquake killed the most number of people
• At that time, the fire following earthquake was exempted by the fire
insurance policy as almost all homes were wooden
• Social pressure led to the fire being included in spite of the
exemption
• The earthquake insurance mechanism was revisited and studied
• After Niigata Earthquake in 1964, first Earthquake insurance was
introduced
• Now the loss limit is up to 5,500 Billion Yen covered with
Government and private insurers
• After Sendai Earthquake in 1978 and Hanshin Awaji Earthquake in
1995, interest in it increased
• Reinsurance capacity was sought
Source: Hiroyuki Watabe, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Catastrophic insurance in Japan
Ch
Background Continued
Source: Hiroyuki Watabe, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Turkey Earthquake Pool
Ch
Solution features Involved parties Natural hazard background
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Caribbean Catastrophe Risk
Ch
Insurance Facility (CCRIF)
Solution features Background
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Case study: Earthquake coverage for
Ch
Guatemala and El Salvador
Solution features
Background
• Parametric earthquake coverage of USD 25m for
Guatemala and El Salvador • Such a program will help
• This is the first ever securitisation of earthquake risk in these organizations in
Central America becoming more proactive
• Innovative trigger mechanisms: Index is based on the in planning and
population exposed to certain levels of ground-shaking anticipating relief needs
intensity as measured by the Modified Mercalli Intensity in areas of the world
scale affected by severe
• This transaction successfully demonstrates that catastrophes
charitable foundations, governmental relief
• In case of a triggering
organizations and corporations can leverage their
funding to the benefit of developing nations affected by event, funds will be
natural disasters readily available for relief
• Donation to coverage leverage can be as high as 45 times efforts rather than post
(USD 1 million of donations can be used for USD 45 event fund raising
million in relief) • The transaction was well
• Other triggers are being developed for a wide variety of received by investors
disasters (oversubscribed)
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Business Continuity Planning (BCP)
Ch
Definition
Source: Various presentations, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Business Continuity Planning (BCP)
Ch
Purpose
Source: Various presentations, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Business Continuity Planning (BCP)
Ch
1. Assess the impact that would occur over 2. Establish the Maximum Tolerable Outage
time if the activity was disrupted (MTO) of each activity by identifying:
• The maximum time period after the start of a disruption
within which the activity needs to be resumed
• The minimum level at which the activity needs to be
performed on its resumption
• The Length of time within which normal levels of
operation need to be resumed
Source: Author unknown, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: Business Continuity
Ch
Management in Malaysia
• SIRIM – MS 1970:2007
• Bank Negara Malaysia – BNM
• Guidelines 2008
Source: Ong Ai Lin, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: Nestle Malaysia
Ch
Business Continuity Planning Organigram/Structure
Source: Author unknown, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: Nestle Malaysia
Ch
Source: Author unknown, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: UEM Group and Mercy Malaysia
Ch
Overview
Lessons learned:
Source: Masahiro Takeda, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: UEM Group and Mercy Malaysia
Ch
UEM partnership with Mercy Malaysia
Source: Masahiro Takeda, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: Anti-Disaster Glass Promotion
Ch
in Japan
Ch
Responsibility
Volunteer Opportunity Programme
Objectives
Source: Rosli Abdul Rahim, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
Part 3: Urban Disaster Risk
Reduction
Contents
• Statistics
• Urban Disaster Risk Reduction and HFA
• UCLG Istanbul Declaration
• Asia Regional Task Force on Urban Risk Reduction
• Case Study: EMI Projects on Urban DRR
• Case Study: PURR
• Case Study: ADPC Promise Program
• Case Study: United Nations University
• Challenges and Recommendations
URBAN DRR Statistics: Urbanization in Asia
Ch
Levels of Global Urbanization in 1950
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
URBAN DRR Statistics: Urbanization in Asia
Ch
Levels of Expected Urbanization in 2015
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
URBAN DRR Statistics: Urbanization in Asia
Ch
Ch
Trend in urban disaster risk
Overview Current initiatives
reduction
• No “standard” of practice • Launching of several urban • Words into Action for Local
for local level DRM DRR programs by Governments for HFA
• Lack of coherency and international organizations Implementation
complementarities among (e.g., World Bank GFDRR, • Radius +10
ongoing urban DRM UNDP/BCPR, UNISDR IAP, • ADPC-Project PROMISE
initiatives RTF-URR)
• JICA Technical Training on
• No adequate mechanism • DDR Initiatives of regional DRR
for measuring organizations (e.g., ADPC,
• Urban Risk Profiling
effectiveness in terms of ADRC, JICA, WHO-Kobe,
UNISDR, Citynet, Kyoto
mainstreaming DRR in UNU etc.)
University)
local government functions • Recognition of and action
• EMI Cluster Cities Project
• Inadequate financial, on urban risk by national
/3cd Program in Metro
technical and human governments
Manila, Kathmandu
resources at local level • Increasing awareness and
• WB/GFDRR Primer on
action among local
Reducing Vulnerabilities
governments and local
for Climate Change
government organizations
Impacts and Strengthening
UCLG, CITYNET,
DRM In East Asian Cities
METROPOLIS, ICLEI, EMI
Source: Violeta Somera-Seva, 2 December 08, Special Session on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific .”
URBAN DRR UCLG Istanbul Declaration
Ch
UCLG Istanbul Declaration Local Action For Disaster Risk Reduction
Source: Violeta Somera-Seva, 2 December 08, Special Session on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific .”
Asia Regional Task Force on
URBAN DRR
Ch
Urban Risk Reduction
Why urban?
Why Asia?
History
• UN/ISDR Hyogo Office together with close partners took an initiative to develop the Asia
Regional Task Force on URR as a thematic group on urban risk reduction within the ISDR
system in Asia to facilitate and accelerate efforts and actions for urban risk reduction
Source: Yuki Matsuoka, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
Asia Regional Task Force on
URBAN DRR
Ch
Urban Risk Reduction
Source: Yuki Matsuoka, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
Asia Regional Task Force on
URBAN DRR
Ch
Urban Risk Reduction
Short Thematic Review on Inventory of urban risk Guidelines for implementation
Urban Risk in Asia reduction initiatives in the Asia of the HFA
• Contribution to the Global Assessment Region • Production of guidelines for
Report • HFA Status Report on urban risk implementation of HFA for local
reduction in Asia governments
• Distribution at Global Platform
Source: Yuki Matsuoka, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
URBAN DRR Case Study: EMI Projects on Urban DRR
Ch
Activities for 2009
ProVention Consortium Project - Disaster World Bank Institute - Distance Learning
Risk Reduction in Megacities and Complex • Program on Natural Disaster Risk
Urban Metropolises – Phase II (Aug. 2007- • Management (Aug. 2006 – Dec. 2009)
Jul. 2009)
• Development of DRM tools and eLearning courses
• MEGA-Index, MEGA-Know, MEGA-Learn, MEGA-Plan,
MEGA-Safe
Source: Violeta Somera-Seva, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
URBAN DRR Case Study: EMI Projects on Urban DRR
Ch
Activities for 2009
UNDP – Amman (Apr. 2007 – Partnership for Urban Risk
Apr. 2009) Reduction (Apr. 2008 – Apr.
• Reducing earthquake risk in 2009)
Amman, Jordan through a Disaster • Worldwide awareness campaign
Risk Management Master Planning
• Local capacity building
approach
• Building and strengthening a Global
Platform for Local Authorities
Source: Violeta Somera-Seva, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
URBAN DRR Case Study: EMI Projects on Urban DRR
Ch
Source: Violeta Somera-Seva, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
URBAN DRR Case Study: PURR
Ch
Overview
Objective
Source: Violeta Somera-Seva, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
URBAN DRR Case Study: ADPC Promise Program
Ch
Overview
Ch
Activities for 2009
• Disaster Management
• International Programs
• Flood Risk Assessment
• Landslides
• Managing Basin Water Cycle
• Urban Water Cycle
• Mekong Basin - Research Network
• GEOSS/AWCP Capacity Development
• Climate Change
• Adaptation for global dimming
• Workshop: Making Adaptation Work
Initiative on Catastrophic Flood Risk Reduction: The need for an Asia Pacific Initiative on
Catastrophic Flood Risk Reduction was identified at a regional workshop in 2003 with
representation from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Lao
PDR, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.
Source: Akhilesh Surjan, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
URBAN DRR Challenges and Recommendations
Ch
Challenges
Recommendations
Contents
• Overview
• HFA and CBDRR
• Process
• Critical Guidelines
• Risk Governance
• Critical Perspectives
• Case Study: DelPHE Project and RRCs
• Case Study: CBDRM Joint Advocacy Network
Initiative (JANI) in Vietnam
• Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
CBDRR Case Studies
Community Based
Disaster Risk Reduction
• Case Study: Bangladesh
• Case Study: Vietnam
• Case Study: Myanmar
• Case Study: IFRC
• Case Study: IFRC Malaysia
• Case Study: IFRC Sri Lanka
• Case Study: IFRC Philippines
• Case Study: ADRRN
• Case Study: Langkawi, Malaysia
• Challenges in CBDRR
COMMUNITY DRR Overview: Community Based
Ch
Disaster Risk Reduction
Definition
• A process of disaster risk management in which communities at risk are engaged in the
identification, evaluation, analysis, planning, monitoring of disaster risks in order to reduce
their vulnerabilities and enhance their response capacities
• Sustained involvement of communities in the process of development decision-making to
ensure reduction of risks to potential disasters that threaten them, and facing disasters
better collectively and individually
Characteristics include
Source: Aini Mat Said, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management”
and Vishaka Hidellage, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction
Ch
(CBDRR)
Comparison of roles and
responsibilities
Source: Bevita Dwi M., Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR HFA reinterpreted in a community-led process
Ch
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~
promoting resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
COMMUNITY DRR Community Based Disaster Management Process
Ch
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
COMMUNITY DRR CBDRM Critical Guidelines
Ch
Overview Potential Application Potential Users
Source: Mel Capistrano, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement & Empowerment
of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR CBDRM Critical Guidelines
Ch
Level 4:
• Related to all the preceding levels: core values, strategy
Implementation and tactics
Principles
Level 3: Tactical
• Practical outworking of the strategic principles
Principles
Source: Mel Capistrano, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR CBDRM Critical Guidelines
Ch
Level 1: Ethical, Level 2: Level 4:
Level 3: Tactical
Core Value Strategic Implementation
Principles
Principles Principles Principles
Source: Mel Capistrano, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR CBDRM Critical Guidelines
Source: Mel Capistrano, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR CBDRM Critical Guidelines Process Outcomes
Ch
Outcome 3:
Outcome 1: Outcome 2:
Community
Community-Based Community Disaster
Hazard, Vulnerability,
Organization (CBO) Risk Reduction Fund
Capacity Map (HVCM)
Outcome 4:
Outcome 6:
Community Disaster Outcome 5: CBO
Community Drills
Risk Management Training System
System
Plan
Source: Mel Capistrano, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Policy Context
Proactive Engagement
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Balancing Issues
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Household based resilience building
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Strengthened Community
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Weakened Community
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
From integrated vulnerability to integrated wellbeing
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
The Community Risk and Resilience Committee
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Purpose of RRC programme
Activities
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Applications of RRC
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Risk Governance
Ch
Questions
• Is there evidence of the need for new forms of local risk and
resilience governance, such as through RRCs, or similar, or are we
really looking at small adjustments to existing societies using
existing community routines?
• Uncertainty ongoing over balance of individually driven motivation
to risk manage versus structurally motivated interventions
Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Critical perspectives and concerns on CBDRM
Ch
Critical Perspectives on CBDRM
Source: Samantha Jones, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: DelPHE Project and RRCs
Ch
Study Overview
• DelPHE project: ‘People centered hazard and vulnerability mitigation for DRR
in Nepal and Bangladesh’
• RRCs: Municipal or village platforms that monitor, record and promote
localized DRR and dialogue
• Two very different institutional arrangements formed the comparative case
studies
Research Questions
Source: Samantha Jones, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: DelPHE Project and RRCs
Ch
Study conclusions
Source: Samantha Jones, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: CBDRM Joint Advocacy Network
Ch
Initiative (JANI) in Vietnam
Source: Aslam Perwiz , Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: CBDRM Joint Advocacy Network
Ch
Initiative (JANI) in Vietnam
Integration of CBDRM into
Better synergy/information sharing Public Awareness Raising
development
• Regular Coordination Meetings – • CBDRM integration training • Media Campaigns for DRR at
Align with the DM Working Group workshops (advocacy skill, national and local levels
• Online CBDRM repository integration skill) (engagement of the media into
(www.ccfsc.org.vn/ndm-p) • Integration of DM into school DRR, joint TV and radio broadcasts,
• Conceptualize CBDRM and develop curriculum etc)
CBDRM framework (what it is, how • Policy dialogue platforms (disaster • Advocacy activities on the National
to do, procedures, target audience, management legislation, and International Disaster Days (22
etc) regulations, NDMP, etc) May and 2 October)
• Disaster tours (for experience • Technical workshops on the
sharing, relationship strengthening, National Strategies and SNAP
human resource building)
• CBDRM Good Practices (leadership,
human resources, means and
logistics on the spot)
• Promote Indigenous knowledge on
DM and CC (linking local
knowledge and scientific research)
• Joint Partnership and innovative
IEC materials (leaflets, brochures,
articles, etc)
Source: Aslam Perwiz , Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Background
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Lessons Learned from RCC country experiences
Outcome 1: CBDRR
prioritized in the
National Policies and
Frameworks on DRR
Outcome 7: National
Outcome 2: National
initiatives on Capacity
DRR Plans identify
Building for CBDRR
CBDRR as a priority
and Partnerships for
component
CBDRM
Outcome 4: Integration
Outcome 5: National of CBDRR in National
Tools on CBDRR and Local Development
Planning
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
CBDRR prioritized in the National Policies and Frameworks on DRR
India
• National Disaster Management Framework mandates the preparation of
community based mitigation, preparedness and response plans
Lao PDR
• National Strategic Plan for Disaster Management to 2020, 2010 and
Action Plan 2005, recognizes the importance of involving the community
in dealing with disaster risk and the necessity to build their capacity
Malaysia
• The National Security Council Directive No. 20 (NSC No. 20 ) attaches
priority to CBDRR through educational programmes and drill or exercises.
Mongolia
• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management Framework
for Action 2006-2015 identifies CBDRM as a priority direction for
supporting vulnerable population in hazard prone areas
Pakistan
• Identifies CBDRM one of the nine priorities (Priority 6) of the National
Disaster Management Framework
Sri Lanka
• National Disaster Management Plan 2008-2012 and National Disaster
Management Policy emphasize the importance of community
engagement in disaster management
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
National DRR Plans identify CBDRR as a priority component
• National Plan for Disaster Management
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
India
• GoI DRM Programme -2002-2008, initiated in 25 districts in 3
States and expanded to 169 multi-hazard prone districts in 17
States based on the 1st edition of the Vulnerability Atlas of India
Sri Lanka
• Program Component 6 of the Road Map for Safer Sri Lanka aims to
establish a sustained national program on CBDRM to build the
resilience and capacity in at-risk communities for response and
disaster risk management. This is planned to be achieved in a
phased manner over next 10 years
Thailand
• Over the past years the Department of Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation had up scaled the implementation of CBDRR initiatives
from 51villages in 2004 to 367 in 2007
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Cambodia
implementation plan of the first two years includes Integrating DRR
into the formal commune development planning process
Maldives
authorities are members of the Island development committees and
they act as the link between the regional head office and the Ministry
of Atolls Development and the National Disaster Management Center
The Philippines
plans such as the Philippine Medium Term Development Plan
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Bangladesh
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Funding schemes for CBDRR
Sri Lanka component six on CBDRR in their Road Map. Total budget
estimates for CBDRR is more than USD 28M phased over a
10-year period
Thailand USD 2.6M for evacuation drills in provinces and districts; and
USD 377,000 for One Tambon One Search and Rescue
(OTOP) project
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
National initiatives on capacity building for CBDRR
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Partnerships for CBDRR in RCC member countries
Vietnam Cambodia
•Disaster Management •Cambodian Disaster
Working Group Risk Reduction Forum
(DMWG) (CDRR Forum)
Nepal
•Disaster
Preparedness
Network (DP-Net)
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
COMMUNITY DRR
Ch
CBDRR Case Studies
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
Source: Masud Siddiqui, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
Tools for Effective
Community Risk Assessment Frameworks and Models Policy Reform
and Management
• National Models • Visualizes what needs to be • Policy reforms create the
Frameworks done and how the pieces top down support
• Policy Reform fit together mechanisms necessary for
• Advocacy • Creates a common operational zing and
conceptual understanding sustaining development
• Institutional reform and
among stakeholders risk reduction efforts
capacity building
• Provides guidance for the • Policy opens the door to
• Guidelines and Planning
review of policy and mainstreaming which is
Frameworks
planning frameworks and essential for effective and
• Collaborative partnerships sustained risk reduction at
also the design of training
• Funding Mechanisms and other tools the community level
• Coordination Mechanisms (ECNEC Decision)
• Policy reform opens the
door to more effective
regional cooperation
Source: Faud Hassan Mallick, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction
Platforms through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
Guidelines and Planning
Advocacy Institutional Reforms
Frameworks
• Advocacy creates a common • From the highest to lowest • CRA and RRAP Guidelines have
and united understanding of risk levels been developed through
reduction among non- • Expanded roles to include risk collaborative process
practitioners reduction and emergency • Follows international risk
• Advocacy brings on board the response management standard
key stakeholders including • Engagement in the management • Provides uniformity in how we
political, policy, government, NG of risk reduction efforts at the identify and manage community
O, media and the community broader community level risk
• Mainstreaming community risk • Links with government risk
reduction action plans into reduction funds
institutional systems • All hazards and all sector
analysis incorporating climate
change impacts and other
hazard prediction models
• Provides the basis for
developing uniform partner
capacities
• Ensures full involvement of
communities in identifying and
• managing risk
Source: Faud Hassan Mallick, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction
Platforms through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
Collaborative Partnerships Funding Mechanisms
Source: Faud Hassan Mallick, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction
Platforms through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
National Coordination and Knowledge
CRA Tools
Management
• A National CRA Working Group is formed • CRA Guidelines follows international risk
under the leadership of DG-DRR to provide management standard
quality assurance and coordinate CRA • CRA process adherence to human rights
activities in Bangladesh through compliance with social and gender
• UN, International Organizations, GoB inclusion framework
relevant agency, academic • Risk reduction action plan documents CRA
institutions, research organizations and outcomes and priorities
national and local NGOs are the member of
the working group
• The working group is responsible to
coordinate, avoid duplication and
overlapping of similar activities, disseminate
CRA outcomes and to do advocacy for using
CRA information in development
program/project designing
• CRA working group aims to open a web
base interface for all relevant stakeholders’
CRA information dissemination
Source: Faud Hassan Mallick, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction
Platforms through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
Source: Masud Siddiqui, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
Source: Masud Siddiqui, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
Source: Masud Siddiqui, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
Ch
Source: Masud Siddiqui, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Vietnam
Ch
P2: Provision of the capacity building
P1: Establishment and strengthening
to the DRR response agencies at
of institution and legislation on
provincial, district and community
CBDRM
levels
• Review and improvement of existing • ToT curriculum development
DRR management institution • Establishment of a professional
(includes the establishment of the CBDRM training team at all levels
DRR Center at national and provincial • Improvement of the EW&D system at
levels) provincial and district levels
• Development of CBDRM guidelines • Provision of CBDRM training to key
• Development of guidelines on the officials
integration of the DRR plan into the • Disaster vulnerability study
CD plan
• Adaptation of the DRR into the
• Creation of a CBDRM platform for Climate Change
multi-stakeholders including private
• Database system on DRR
sector
• Disaster damage assessment system
• Integration of the DRR into the
school curriculum
Source: Đào Xuân Học, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Vietnam CBDRM
Ch
P4: Improvement of the small scale DR
P3: Strengthening of the community’s response
mitigation structures system at disaster
and resilience
vulnerable community
• Community training curriculum development; • Development of the essential infrastructure
• Establishment of a professional CBDRM system
training team at community (school teachers) • Improvement and development of the natural
• Establishment the warning & dissemination disaster protection system
and drill system in community
• Integration of the DRR plan into the CD plan
and Poverty Reduction plan
• Establishment of the M&E system in
community
• Development of guideline on community DRR
• Provision of annual CBDRM training to
community
• Community database system
• Disaster damage assessment system
• Community vulnerability study
Source: Đào Xuân Học, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Vietnam
Ch
Lessons Learned Challenges
Source: Đào Xuân Học, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Myanmar
Ch
Cyclone Nargis Organizations
NGOs & Cyclone Nargis CBOs& Cyclone Nargis FBO & Cyclone Nargis
• MRCS: Largest NGO and • Town Association: Bogale, • Buddhist: Sitagu, Ahsin
working with IFRC Pyapone, Laputta, Sein Kein Da and etc
• Mingalar Myanmar: 700 Manadalay • Christian
villages, Livelihoods & • Main Focus: Relief • Islam and etc.
CBDRM Program
• Metta Foundation: Ethnic • Village / Community Base
Based, Livelihood, WASH Organization: Relief and
• Shalong Foundation: Recovery Program
Ethnic Based, Psycho-
social
• Yadana Metta: Health
Sector Based Organization
• Nargis Action Group:
Business Based
Organization
• CBO (Towns, Villages)
• FBO (Buddhist, Christian,
Islam)
• Business Company and
Chamber of Commerce
Source: Phone Win, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Myanmar
Ch
Cyclone Nargis Organizations
Source: Phone Win, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Myanmar
Ch
Disaster Risk Management National Level
DRM ToT Program
• From 6 State & • Jointly designed and • Intense engagement • 150 Local Trainers
Divisions developed by the of participants trained in (DRM ToT)
• From Nargis & Non Ministry, UN • Agreement on follow • 180 Local trainees
Nargis Area agencies, INGOs and up actions trained in township
• Mostly Teachers & local NGO • Collaboration level by local trainers
Administrators • Delivered by various between the • 40 villages local-level
local and Ministry, UN disaster risk
international agencies, INGOs and assessments
resource persons local NGO undertaken
• A mix of knowledge, • 40 local-level DRM
skills and practice Action Plans
sessions developed
Source: Phone Win, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Myanmar
Ch
DRM ToT Program
Partnership More Space Trust Building
Source: Phone Win, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC: Legal Issues
Ch
Establishment of National People-centered early warning
Public education
Platforms for DRR systems
• Domestic legislation should • Domestic legislation should • Domestic legislation should
• Establish and support • Clarify the role of RC • Protect the public’s right to
National Platforms National Societies in early know about hazards and
• Integrate RC National warning, bearing in mind risks
Societies into National liability/capacity concerns • Enable and encourage
Platforms • Enable access to organizations to inform the
• Recognize the auxiliary role information about hazards public about hazards and
of RC National Societies to to facilitate early warning risks
public authorities • Establish a multi-hazard • Establish standard
• Encourage greater approach information about the DRR
involvement of civil society • Approve the use of relevant to prevent contradictory
early warning technology messages reaching
such as GPS communities
• Integrate DRR information
into school curriculum
• Approve the use of relevant
early warning technology
such as GPS
Source: Victoria Bannon, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC
Ch
Legal Issues
Community participation in Land management and urban
Building Codes Strengthening accountability
decision making planning
•Domestic legislation should •Domestic legislation should •Domestic legislation should: •Domestic legislation should
•Formally recognize and •Clarify the role of National RC •Ensure the establishment •Ensure that governments are
ensure government Societies regarding relocation and enforcement of hazard fulfilling their obligation of
participation in existing of populations following land resilient building codes primary responsibility for
community-based DRR zoning, which respects the •Integrate good practices and DRR
activities Fundamental Principles of draw on other expertise •Ensure sufficient budget
•Ensure that government at the RC regarding the development allocation for DRR activities
all levels involves community •Ensure that, in the case of of building codes and implement transparency
participation in decision- zoning or resettlement, all •Identify priority buildings for measures
making people are provided with safe construction or •Establish basic minimum
•In developing legislation on essential supplies and retrofitting such as standards on disaster risk
DRR, governments should: services, with particular schools, hospitals and blood reduction, supported by
•Consult communities and regard to especially centers training programmes
civil society organizations vulnerable people •Ensure basic liability
during the development and •Ensure that National RC protection for civil society
drafting process Societies have continuous organizations engaged in DRR
access to minorities and activities
other vulnerable populations
to provide essential services
•Establish evacuation points
as part of urban planning
regulations
Source: Victoria Bannon, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC
Ch
Strengthening accountability Preparedness for response
Source: Victoria Bannon, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC
Ch
Legislative Advocacy Manual for National RC
The Way Forward
Societies
• Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and • Key messages for integration into domestic
Regulation of International Disaster Relief and legislation
Initial Recovery Assistance (IDRL Guidelines) • Examples, cases studies, good practices
• Not legally binding, but endorsed by different • Advocacy approaches
international forums
• The IDRL Guidelines provides
recommendations to Governments on:
• Facilitating international cooperation for
disaster relief (e.g.. enable fast and easy to
access to people affected by disaster, allow
visas, customs and tax exemptions etc)
• Effectively managing international relief
operations (e.g.. ensure good coordination,
promote good quality and accountability
standards, ensure all organizations abide by
humanitarian principles)
Source: Victoria Bannon, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Malaysia
Ch
Malaysian Red Cross Society Strategic Plan
MRCS Auxiliary Roles
2005-2009
• A 5-year Strategy to strengthen MRCS • National Security Council Directive 20
capacity in caring for the most vulnerable • Auxiliary role to the following ministries
in the community • Ministry of Women, Family and
• Core areas: Community Development (JKM)
• Promotion of Fundamental Principles • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
and Humanitarian Values • Ministry of Health
• Disaster Management including Risk • Ministry Youth & Sports
Reduction
• Ministry of Higher Learning
• Healthcare
• Ministry of Education
• Organizational development
• National Security Council Directive 20
• MRCS Institute (undertakes Training
• Ministry of Welfare
Program)
• Preparation of food
• Distribution of relief to affected
victims
• Registration and rehabilitation for
victims
Source: Hisham Harun Hashim, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster
Risk Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Malaysia
Ch
Area selection
Capacity building
• Building a “culture of coping with crisis” and “culture of disaster risk reduction”
• Number of volunteers, staff and community members received training and had skilled to delivery
of disaster risk reduction
• Provided necessary skilled from LGU and NGO
• Consistent application of Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment by using several tools, i.e. PRA
tools, Baseline Survey, etc
• Conducting Hazard and Risk Mapping to map out hazard, risk, vulnerability and capacity lies at
community
• Community is able to identify hazard, risk, vulnerability and capacity
• LGU & NGO is able to acknowledge its strengths and weaknesses to contribute with community
vulnerability and capacity
Source: Bevita Dwi M., Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Malaysia
Ch
Community Action Plan
DRR Promotion
Source: Bevita Dwi M., Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Malaysia
Ch
Preparedness to Response
Risk Mitigation
Ch
Challenges The Way Forward (at PMI level) The Way Forward (at LGU)
• Many actors has caused • Addressing the risk in broader • Mainstreaming DRR into
overlapping on the DRR context (associated with Development Policy, Planning
activities at the community level environmental and Budgeting
• Not all of DRR activities haven’t degradation, poverty, populatio • Establish a mutualistic
been integrated into LGU’s n growth, urbanization, climate environment for DRR linkages to
Development Policy, Planning change, etc) and integrate it into the global climate change
and Budgeting disaster risk reduction adaptation that contributes to
• Acknowledgement of programme disaster occurrence
Community Participation, not • Strengthen capacity to deliver • Provide early warning system
just “a victim” profressional services to the infrastructure to deliver
• DRR issue has been growing in most vulnerable people through message promptly and
broader context (associated its links to communities and effectively across the
with environmental volunteer network community
degradation, poverty, • Expand community based • Supports to the beneficiaries
population growth, programming through wider and stakeholders participation
urbanization, climate change, engagement and participation • Encourage the DRR culture by
etc) of beneficiaries and relevant increasing disaster risk
• Incoherent linkages of Action stakeholders awareness at community level
Plan for DRR and Action Plan for
Climate Change Adaptation
• Sustainability of DRR
Programme at community level
Source: Bevita Dwi M., Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Sri Lanka
Ch
Sri Lankan Red Cross Society
Public Awareness in DRR Public Awareness in DRR cont.
engagement in DRR
• The Sri Lanka Red Cross • Awareness campaigns/Poster • Disaster Early Warning
Society identified as one of Exhibitions on DRR • Facilitation of Tsunami Alert
the main actor of the national • Short Drama lessons learnt (September
DM plan of SL Govt Festivals/Competitions 2007) with key stakeholders
• Representation DRM at all related to disasters of the GoSL and other
levels • CBDRR agencies
• DRM Capacity Building/ • Community Awareness • Mass awareness Rallies
Public Awareness campaigns • Mock drills
• Response Preparedness • Risk reduction group • Simulation exercises
• Public Early Warning activities • Warning messages
Dissemination • IEC Materials distributions (Reliability/ accuracy/
• CBDRM to communities related to response)
• SLRCS developed its 5 year DRR • Importance of volunteers
strategic plan (2009-2013) in • School DRR • Health promotion awareness
line with the govt. mandate • School awareness rallies related to DRR
• This strategy is in line with • School Poster competitions • Water and sanitation
IFRC Strategy 2010 and HFA • Teacher trainings on DRR awareness especially during
2005-2015 disasters
• Exhibitions on DRR
Source: S. H. Nimal Kumar, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Sri Lanka
Ch
Achievements in DRR Issues and challenges
Source: S. H. Nimal Kumar, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Philippines
Ch
Overview PNRC Tasks
Source: Catherine Marie G. Martin, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through
Disaster Risk Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Philippines
Ch
Relationship with Government Integrated Community Disaster Planning Programme
Source: Catherine Marie G. Martin, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through
Disaster Risk Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: IFRC Philippines
Ch
ICDPP Effects and Impacts Key lessons learned
• Reduction of the Communities’ Vulnerabilities to • Social preparation should be done with out the idea of
Physical Hazards implementing a project, but simple integration and
• Capacity Building of the beneficiaries assessment of the situation
• Organizational Capacity Building of the Chapter • The prodding of the LGU to have counterpart and to
• Improved Community Relations of the Chapter influence the development planning process is a very
good innovation
• Enhanced LGU relations and involvement
• CBDM trainings and events must be incorporated and
• Training of LGU Officials on DM
mainstreamed into the formal calendar and curriculum
• Meeting of Municipal Officials and all barangay of the community, and schools
captains to explain the goal and mechanics of the
• Utilizing and re-enforcing existing community ethics,
program
values and strategy and plan of the PNRC in itself
• Formation of TF in the LGU that would implement the
• The trained volunteers in the community should be
disaster mitigation project
acknowledged, accepted and integrated in the existing
• Providing financial contribution for the disaster structure of the local government
mitigation projects
• We cannot build safe and resilient communities
• Providing technical assistance in designing the through our DRR actions alone. We make our
mitigation projects contribution but the systematic reduction of risk can
• Implementation and monitoring of the projects only be achieved through building a strong working
partnership between all stakeholders- communities,
local and national government, local NGO and other
local organization.
• DRR initiatives must be reinforced with local legislations
Source: Catherine Marie G. Martin, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through
Disaster Risk Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: ADRRN
Ch
Mission
Activities
Source: Manu Gupta, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Case Study: Langkawi, Malaysia
Ch
Overview
Objectives:
Source: Manu Gupta, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Challenges in CBDRR
Ch
Community level initiatives are not Strengths of Local Governance
enough! • Represent local people
• Local interventions are not sufficient for • Closer to local communities
sustainable DRR • Lead local development
• Macro and micro level decisions have local impacts • Significant infulencing and decision making force
• Capacity to plan is low given with decentralization trends
• Formal leadership exists
• Need to link and influence local authorities
Source: Vishaka Hidellage, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
COMMUNITY DRR Challenges in CBDRR
Source: Aini Mat Said, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
ICT for DRR
Contents
• Statistics
• Case Study: ICT in Myanmar
• Case Study: International Telecommunication
Union
• Challenges
ICT DRR Statistics
Ch
The countries with the most disasters have the lowest connectivity
Asia and Africa have the highest occurrence of
floods and droughts however, the lowest
number of fixed and mobile telephones as a
percentage of overall population
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management including
Disaster Risk Reduction.”
ICT DRR Case Study: ICT in Myanmar
Ch
High level imaging
Approaching cyclone
Pre-disaster
Post-disaster
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management
including Disaster Risk Reduction.”
ICT DRR Case Study: International
Telecommunication Union
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management
including Disaster Risk Reduction.”
ICT DRR Challenges
Ch
Challenges
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management
including Disaster Risk Reduction.”
Part 6: Early Warning
And Communication
Contents
• Tsunami Early Warning
• Case Study: IOC Tsunami Early Warning
• Case Study: Earthquake Observation in China
• Case Study: Regional Multi-Hazard Integrated
Early Warning System (RIMES)
• Emergency communication
• Amateur radio
• Case Study: Telecom Malaysia disaster alert
system
• Early warning and media
• Case Study: ABU Technical Committee Early
Warning Broadcasting System
• Case Study: Early Warning Broadcasting System in
Japan
• Case Study: Early warning and media in
Bangladesh
• UNDAC Preparedness Missions
EARLY WARNING Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
Tsunami probability
Pacific ocean Mediterranean sea
Tsunami warning systems in four oceans
Atlantic ocean Indian ocean
4%
12%
25%
59%
Source: Peter Koltermann, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
Purpose of early warning systems
Source: Peter Koltermann, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
Generation mechanisms for tsunamis
Source: Peter Koltermann, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: IOC Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
Source: Peter Koltermann, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: IOC Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
End-to-end tsunami early warning system
Source: Peter Koltermann, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Earthquake Observation in China
Ch
China Digital Seismic Observation Network Monitoring capacity
M≥4.0 nationwide
M ≥2.5 50 percent
of land area
M ≥1.5 provincial
capitals and their
adjacent areas in
the Eastern part of
China
M ≥1.0 capital
area
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Earthquake Observation in China
Ch
China Earthquake Precursory Network
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Earthquake Observation in China
Ch
China Digital Strong Ground Motion Network
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Earthquake Observation in China
Ch
China GPS Network
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Regional Multi-Hazard Integrated
Ch
Early Warning System (RIMES)
Objective: Establish, maintain and operate a Regional Early Warning facility to cater to differential needs and
demands of countries to address gaps in the end-end multi-hazard early warning system
• Regional Steering Committee • Tsunami watch • Capital cost for tsunami information
heads of national focal points to • Capacity building and technology and capacity building requirements
provide policy transfer to NMHSs for providing of member countries: US$ 4.5
advice, guide, monitor and evaluate localized hydro hydro- million – UNESCAP
implementation of regional meteorological disaster risk • This compares very favorably with
activities. Myanmar as Chair, Sri information the US$115 million required to
Lanka and Thailand as Vice-Chairs • Enhancing capacities to respond to establish tsunami EWS for 23
for 2 years. early warning information at developing/ least developed
• Regional Technical Committee national and local levels for disaster countries
experts to provide guidance preparedness and management • Approximate investment cost by
• Working Group • Acting as a test-bed to identify Australia, India, Indonesia, Iran, a
Lao PDR, Maldives, Myanmar, Sri- promising new, emerging nd Malaysia US$250 million
Lanka, Thailand to ensure system technologies and pilot test, and • Capital cost for weather and climate
and institutional sustainability make it operational through information and capacity building
demonstration of tangible benefits requirements of member -
countries: US$1 million – Danida
• Total annual recurring cost: US$ 1.5
million (for tsunami and all other
hazards)
Source: Abdul Muhusin Ramiz, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Regional Multi-Hazard Integrated
Ch
Early Warning System (RIMES)
Ownership by Countries Next steps What makes RIMES possible
• Member countries collectively • The Working Group, through • Economy of scale and
manage and draw services Maldives scope, with least recurring
from RIMES Secretariat, submitted a cost
• Member Countries need not proposal to UNESCAP to • Integration of all early warning
put up their own system mobilize resources to support services into one holistic
• Member countries need not regional facility operation system
depend on other tsunami while member countries • System built to address needs
watch providers incorporate support into and demands of countries
national budgets, and work with differing capacities and
out international agreements vulnerabilities
to formalize system ownership
• Catalytic investment by
under UNESCO/IOC framework
UNESCAP for tsunami and
• Maldives received approval of capacity building subsystems
around US$ 375,000 from
• Critical investment by DANIDA
UNESCAP to undertake
for hydro- meteorological
activities for sustaining RIMES
subsystem to transform EWS
• Another proposal submitted to into a multi-hazard end-to-end
UNESCAP: Recurring cost for early warning system
first year August 2009-July
• Full ownership by Member
2010 and partial recurring cost
Countries
for 2nd year August 2010 –
July 2011
• Member States to meet partial
costs of RIMES from July 2010-
June 2011 and fully meet all
costs from July 2011 and
beyond
Source: Abdul Muhusin Ramiz, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication
Ch
Overview
Need
Source: Malaysian Amateur Radio Emergency Services, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for
Transmitting Knowledge to National and Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Numbers Around the World
Ch
Source: Rozinah Anas, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Numbers Around the World
Ch
Global trends
Source: Rozinah Anas, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Numbers Around the World
Ch
Countries with Consolidated Emergency Numbers
Source: Rozinah Anas, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Numbers Around the World
Ch
Countries with Unconsolidated Emergency Numbers
Source: Rozinah Anas, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication
Ch
Problem of landline and cellular
Satellite Phone Trunk radio systems
phones during emergencies
• These phone systems: • The use of satellite phone for • Trunk communication systems
• Are sized for peaks during emergency and disaster for do not cover all areas
business and consumer SAR is not practical. To place a • Trunk communication system
use, for the peaks during in call, the phone needs to find is designed for urban areas
regular use and NOT peaks the satellite signal and
during an emergency establish a link. This takes time
• Usually rely on copper or and requires operation in an
fiber optic cables which open area
when exposed to the • Usage is very limited in
elements are prone to tropical rain forest areas.
damage especially in Satellite phones do not work
flood, high wind and storm in sheltered or confined spaces
conditions
• Are usually not portable AND
reliable enough to meet the
demands of an emergency
• These are the common
reasons why regular public
communication means may
not be to function effectively
during emergencies
Source: Malaysian Amateur Radio Emergency Services, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for
Transmitting Knowledge to National and Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication: Amateur Radio
Ch
Overview
• Amateur radio, also known ass ham radio is a hobby enjoyed by several hundred
thousand people in the US and by several million people worldwide
• Radio amateurs call themselves “radio hams” or simply “hams”
• Frequencies are specified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Benefits
• Amateur radio does not rely on services and intermediary facilities provided by common
carriers and phone companies and thus is immune to disruptions normally faced by the
telephone system
• Regardless of the specific brand model of radio equipment, radio amateurs who use the
same frequency band and mode can communicate with each other
• Radio amateurs use a wide range of radio transmissions, each one with its particular
strength in overcoming the barriers to radio communications – voice, digital, morse
• Radio amateurs use their equipment regularly which verifies that it is maintained and
operational
• Radio amateurs can be distributed throughout the community, near schools, community
halls, and park facilities which are often used as evacuation shelters
Source: Malaysian Amateur Radio Emergency Services, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for
Transmitting Knowledge to National and Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication: Amateur Radio
Ch
Radio amateurs assisting in
Radio amateurs in action Radio Amateurs Cont.
emergencies
• During an emergency, radio • Earthquake in China – 2008 • Wildfires in Colorado – 2002
amateurs may communicate • Hurricanes Katrina and Rita • Tornado in Maryland – 2002
with various/multiple –2005 • Flooding in Kentucky – 2002
agencies on various • Asian Tsunami – 2004 • World Trade Center and
frequencies and
• Hurricanes Pentagon terrorist attack –
transmission modes
Charlie, Frances, Ivan, and 2001
• Unlike EMS communication Jeanne in Florida – 2004 • Flood in Texas and Louisiana
equipment, amateur radio
• Severe weather in Virginia – (Storm Allison) –2001
equipment does not have
2004 • Earthquake in India – 2001
the restriction of limited
radio channels/frequencies • Tornadoes in Illinois –2004 • Wildfires in Kelowna – 2001
or single-mode operation • Amtrak train accident in • Earthquake in El Salvador –
Mississippi –2004 2001
• Earthquake in Central • Ice storms in Southwest –
California – 2003 2000
• Hurricane Isabel – 2003 • Tornado in Alabama – 2000
• Northeast blackout – 2003 • Avalanche in Alaska – 2000
• Midwest tornadoes – 2003 • Fires in Los Alamos, New
• Pahang Flood – 2001 Mexico – 2000
Source: Malaysian Amateur Radio Emergency Services, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for
Transmitting Knowledge to National and Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication: Amateur Radio
Ch
Recommendations
Official federal and local government
Establishment of a common radio frequency recognition and support of the role amateur
for inter-agency communication during an radio can play during and after an emergency.
emergency. Based on experience, during Local amateur radio clubs and operators can
disasters like the Highland Tower play a significant role in assisting the
collapse, Asian Tsunami, and floods of Johor respective emergency management services
and Pahang, there was the absence of a in communication and coordination, thus
common radio frequency for the various alleviating the communication role of and
emergency and rescue agencies allowing respective agencies to focus on their
specific roles
Source: Malaysian Amateur Radio Emergency Services, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for
Transmitting Knowledge to National and Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication: Amateur Radio
Ch
Recommendations
Joint coordination drills of no less
than once a month until an
optimum level of communication A review of the communication
coordination between the radio and coordination process and
amateur volunteers and the technology be made
respective emergency
management services is achieved
Source: Malaysian Amateur Radio Emergency Services, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for
Transmitting Knowledge to National and Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Telecom Malaysia
Ch
Disaster Alert System
Source: Rozinah Anas, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Telecom Malaysia
Ch
Disaster Alert System
Source: Rozinah Anas, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Early Warning and Media
Ch
Warnings overview
• Problem is not whether or not broadcasters or other media technologies will broadcast warnings but
who initiates the warnings.
• A Government responsibility, not the responsibility of broadcasters
• Broadcasters can say and broadcast whatever they like. They cannot broadcast an 'emergency
message' unless it comes from an authority which has the power to do so.
• They should NEVER change the warning !!!!!
• They cannot be forced to broadcast that
• message...
• They relay such messages because it is in the
• public interest to do so and is often part of the
• charter for the licensing requirements of a
• radio/TV station
Source: Peter Koltermann, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Early Warning and Media
Ch
News and freedom of the press
• Broadcasters can say and broadcast whatever they like. They cannot broadcast an
'emergency message' unless it comes from an authority which has the power to do
so
• They should NEVER change the warning
• They cannot be forced to broadcast any particular message
• They relay such messages because it is in the public interest to do so and is often
part of the charter for the licensing requirements of a radio/TV station
• ABU can ask all its members to commit to relaying urgent messages on
tsunamis, cyclones, earthquakes, when received from the authorities
• Do not question the “Warning”: There is no time!
• Agree on a standard procedure with the responsible agencies NOW
• Empower the night editor to act, not to call back. Do not have the night editor of
SLBC (Sri Lanka) or RRI (Indonesia) or FBC (Fiji) or MBC (Maldives) to scramble for a
memo
• Train together, every week
Source: Peter Koltermann, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: ABU Technical Committee Early
Ch
Warning Broadcasting System
TASKS
Deliverables
Source: Kazuyoshi Shogen, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: ABU Technical Committee Early
Ch
Warning Broadcasting System
• Automatically switch on or change channel to the one providing warning and information in
TV and radio sets in the home and handheld receivers and,
• Issue an emergency bulletin, alerting people to an impeding disaster, e.g. an
tsunami, earthquake, cyclone, flood, or volcanic eruption
Source: Kazuyoshi Shogen, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: ABU Technical Committee Early
Ch
Warning Broadcasting System
Source: Kazuyoshi Shogen, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: ABU Technical Committee Early
Ch
Warning Broadcasting System
Case Study: Japan
Earthquake and tsunami
EWBS over analogue EWBS over digital Earthquake early warning
information services via
broadcasting broadcasting information
data broadcasting
• In operation since 1985 • In operation since 2000 • Has been provided • Has just been provided
• To terrestrial and for satellite TV channels since January 2007 since 1 October 2007
satellite TV channels and 2003 for terrestrial • To digital satellite • To analogue and digital
and AM/FM radio TV channels TV, digital terrestrial TV satellite TV
services • The EWBS signals are and One-Segdata channels, analogue and
• The control signal is multiplexed with the broadcasting digital terrestrial TV
dual tones, which are broadcast signals channels, One-
readily audible to the • Automatic activation of Segservices and AM/FM
human ear TV set in the home and radio services
handheld receivers • The information issued
• They are still under from the
development Meteorological Agency
• The issue is to reduce using P wave detection
the amount of power
these devices
consumewhile they are
in stand-by mode
• NHK is currently
developing technology
to reduce such power
consumption
Source: Kazuyoshi Shogen, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: ABU Technical Committee Early
Ch
Warning Broadcasting System
Case Study: South Korea, Nepal, China, India
South Korea Nepal China India
• KBS is now doing indoor • The model for EWBS • The standard for CMMB • The work on attributing
outdoor tests of the network and delivery includes EWBS, which EWBS codes in India is
DMB receiver system as well as code automatically changes being carried out by Mr.
compatibility by using configuration are channel Mohammed Shafique
test stream studied Ansari of AIR in NHK
• By first test result of LG • This work has been Science and Technical
& Samsung DMB carried out by Mr. Research Laboratories
receivers in April UdayaKrishna as a visiting researcher
2007, there was no Shresthaof Radio Nepal under NHK Research
problem by T-DMB in NHK Science and Award 2008
AEAS (Automatic Technical Research
Emergency Alert Laboratories as a
Service) signal visitingresearcher
• KBS do the second under NHK Research
indoor test for other Award 2006
ten company receivers
in September 2007, all
receivers normally
operate with T-DMB
AEAS signal. After
preparing the system
experimental On-Air
was doing later in last
year
Source: Kazuyoshi Shogen, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY Case Study: Early Warning
WARNING
Ch
Broadcasting System in Japan
Ch
Broadcasting System in Japan
Ch
Broadcasting System in Japan
Ch
Broadcasting System in Japan
Warning of large-scale earthquake Nationwide All 8 NHK channels (TV & radio)
Ch
Broadcasting System in Japan
• Consultation by Radio Technical Council
1980
Ch
Broadcasting System in Japan
Ch
Bangladesh
Overview
Ch
Bangladesh
Ch
Bangladesh
Ch
OCHA
Source: Gerhard Putman, 3 December 08, Side Event C on “Strengthening National Response Preparedness in Asia – UNDAC
Preparedness Missions Experience”
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS UNDAC Preparedness Missions
Ch
OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools
Register of
Environmental Disaster MCDA & CM
Emergency Section Management Coordination staff
Capabilities
Source: Gerhard Putman, 3 December 08, Side Event C on “Strengthening National Response Preparedness in Asia – UNDAC
Preparedness Missions Experience”
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS UNDAC Preparedness Missions
Ch
OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools
UNDAC Support On Site Operations
modules (from Coordination
UNDAC Teams
(from IHP Centre (OSOCC) in
Countries) field
Standby Partners
Virtual OSOCC
International (short term staff
(evolving into
Urban SAR Teams for OCHA Field
GDAS)
Offices)
Source: Gerhard Putman, 3 December 08, Side Event C on “Strengthening National Response Preparedness in Asia – UNDAC
Preparedness Missions Experience”
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS UNDAC Preparedness Missions
Ch
Lao Bhutan Philippines
Source: Gerhard Putman, 3 December 08, Side Event C on “Strengthening National Response Preparedness in Asia – UNDAC
Preparedness Missions Experience”
Part 7: Space and
High Technology Tools
Contents
• Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
• Case Study: UN-SPIDER
• Case Study: Sentinel-Asia
• Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
• Case Study: India Space Programme
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
Ch
Overview
Source: Wu Guoxiang, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
Ch
Disaster risk reduction as priority focus area
Source: Wu Guoxiang, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
Ch
ESCAP efforts related to space applications
Source: Wu Guoxiang, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
Ch
Current initiatives in the region
Regional cooperation initiatives
Source: Wu Guoxiang, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
Ch
Promoting Regional Cooperative Mechanisms
Objective: towards a regional space information supporting platform for disaster reduction
• Based on existing and planned initiatives covering the region
• To create a scientifically sound, diplomatically acceptable and politically relevant
• Harmonized platform for affordable access and effective use of satellite information products and services
• For effective disaster management and decision making
Source: Wu Guoxiang, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
Ch
Promoting Regional Cooperative Mechanisms
Objective: towards a regional space information supporting platform for disaster reduction
• Based on existing and planned initiatives covering the region
• To create a scientifically sound, diplomatically acceptable and politically relevant
• Harmonized platform for affordable access and effective use of satellite information products and services
• For effective disaster management and decision making
Source: Wu Guoxiang, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UN-SPIDER
Ch
Promoting Regional Cooperative Mechanisms
Objective
• The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) is responsible for
promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, and
assisting developing countries in using space science and technology.
• The Office implements the decisions of the United Nations General Assembly
and of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its two
Subcommittees, the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and the Legal
Subcommittee.
Source: UN-SPIDER, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UN-SPIDER
Ch
Promoting Regional Cooperative Mechanisms
Main activities of the office
• Secretariat for the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) and its
two Subcommittees (Establishment of a legal and regulatory framework governing
space activities)
• Implement the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster
Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER)
• Implement the United Nations Programme on Space Applications
• Secretariat for the Inter-Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities
• Executive Secretariat of the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (ICG)
• Treaty obligations
UN-SPIDER
• The United Nations General Assembly established the “United Nations Platform for
Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-
SPIDER)”as a programme within the United Nations to provide universal access to all
types of space-based information and services relevant to disaster management.
(A/RES/61/110)
Source: UN-SPIDER, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UN-SPIDER
Ch
Source: UN-SPIDER, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UN-SPIDER
Ch
Source: UN-SPIDER, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UN-SPIDER
Ch
Space-based solutions
Satellite communications
help warn people who are at
risk, especially in remote
areas. They help connect a
disaster zone to the outside
world.
Source: UN-SPIDER, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Sentinel-Asia
Ch
Overview
• The Sentinel Asia initiative is a collaboration between Space agencies and Disaster management
agencies, applying remote sensing and Web-GIS technologies to assist disaster management in
the Asia-Pacific region
• Sentinel Asia is lead by the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF) to share Disaster
information in the Asia-Pacific region by the Sentinel Asia System and to make the best use of
Space technologies for disaster management support in the Asia-Pacific region
Source: Chu Ishida, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Sentinel-Asia
Ch
Main activities
Emergency
observation
Emergency Wildfire
observation monitoring
request
Capacity Flood
building monitoring
MTSAT
Source: Chu Ishida, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
Ch
Overview
Objectives
Source: S.M.R. Emami, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
Ch
Functions
Expected results
• Building a culture of safety and resilience and enhancement of public awareness and
knowledge on seismic risks
• Training and research at academic level on seismic risk reduction
• Training and enhancing awareness of authorities, managers and experts dealing with
disasters in countries of the region and seeking the attention and support of policy-makers
• Assessment and analysis of seismic risk reduction Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
(DRR) in the countries’ development programs
• Facilitating access to necessary information and data by specialists working on disaster in the
countries of the region
Source: S.M.R. Emami, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
Ch
Advocacy and Communication
Source: S.M.R. Emami, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
Ch
Enhance Technical, Research and Human Capacity
Source: S.M.R. Emami, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
Ch
Promote Regional Cooperation
Source: S.M.R. Emami, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
Ch
Promote and Support Implementation of HFA
Source: S.M.R. Emami, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi-tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: India Space Programme
Ch
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: India Space Programme
Ch
Systems for watch on weather and climate
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: India Space Programme
Ch
Satellite (INSAT) based Emergency Community Systems
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: India Space Programme
Ch
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: India Space Programme
Ch
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: India Space Programme
Ch
DMS: Operational Services provided currently
Floods Earthquake
• Flood Inundation Maps • Damage Assessment
• Damage Assessment
• Hazard Zonation
• Bank Erosion Studies
Cyclone Landslide
• Inundation Maps • Damage Assessment
• Recession Maps • Hazard zonation
• Damage Assessment
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: India Space Programme
Ch
Other activities
Communications Remote Sensing & GIS
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
Part 8: Safe Hospitals
Contents
• World Campaign on Safe Hospitals
• Case study: Western Pacific Region Safe Hospitals
Campaign
• Case study: Philippines Safe Hospital Campaign
• Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
• Case Study: Bicol Regional Training and Teaching
Hospital (BRTTH)
SAFE HOSPITALS World Campaign on Safe Hospitals
Ch
The Regional (Asian) Context
•The location, design specifications and resilience of the material used, all contribute to
Buildings a hospital’s ability to withstand natural hazards
•The loss or unavailability at the time of disaster, hiring outside personnel to sustain
Health workforce response capacity – add to the overall economic burden
Equipments •Damage to non-structural elements can cost 80 percent of the total costs
•Electrical power, water and sanitation, waste management and disposal – can affect
Basic lifelines and services the entire health facility
Source: Arun Mallik, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
SAFE HOSPITALS World Campaign on Safe Hospitals
Ch
Social/political issues Health issues Economic issues
Source: Arun Mallik, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
SAFE HOSPITALS World Campaign on Safe Hospitals
Ch
Case: Gujarat, India
• January 26, 2001 a magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroyed 227 health facilities in Gujarat, India
• All health facilities were rebuilt to international standards to make this critical infrastructure disaster
resilient
Case: Nepal
Regional Consultation
• Regional consultation on keep health facilities safe from disasters, held in New Delhi from 15-17 April 2008
• Increase awareness and understanding of the issues surrounding “hospitals safe from disasters”
• Identify opportunities to strengthen disaster risk reduction and preparedness in health facilities during and
beyond the two-year global awareness campaign launched by UN/ISDR and WHO
• Develop a national and regional framework plan of action, including mechanisms to capture progress
WHO-ECHO Project
Source: Arun Mallik, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
SAFE HOSPITALS World Campaign on Safe Hospitals
Ch
Evidence based
assessments and
mapping
Capacity for
Structural integrity
disaster
of health facilities
preparedness and
ensured
response enhanced
Source: Arun Mallik, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Western Pacific Region Safe
Ch
Hospitals Campaign
Mission
• Through a concerted effort across WHO, to increase the capacity and self reliance of countries in the
prevention of disasters, preparation for emergencies, mitigation of their health consequences, and the
creation of a synergy between emergency action and sustainable development
Source: Art Pesigan, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Philippines Safe Hospital Campaign
Ch
Strategy for Safe Hospitals in the Philippines
Protocols, Pro
Policies Plans cedures, Guid People
elines
Physical
Promotion Program
Facilities Partnership
and Advocacy Development
Enhancement
Peso and
Practices
Logistics
Source: Carmencita A. Banatin, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign
on Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Philippines Safe Hospital Campaign
Ch
Policies Policies (organizational) Plans
Source: Carmencita A. Banatin, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign
on Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Philippines Safe Hospital Campaign
Ch
• Manual of Operation for Hospitals(2nd edition) includes: • Training needs assessment with the health sector (2003) – • Operation center
dispatching, alerting, reporting, communication, MCI, etc. targeted 6 groups • Equipped ambulances for emergencies
• Pocket Emergency Tool (2 edition) with WHO
nd • Training agenda to include management and skills • Special hospital service units/facilities; identification of receiving
• Manual of Treatment Protocols for common diseases during • Training modules developed facilities for WMD
emergencies and disasters • Decontamination areas for the BCRN hospitals
• Guidelines on an Integrated Code Alert System • Toxicology centers in the country
• Adaptation on the IASC Guidelines on Mental Health • Hospital assessment
Psychosocial Services (MHPSS)
Source: Carmencita A. Banatin, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign
on Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Philippines Safe Hospital Campaign
Ch
Safe Hospitals Program Partnership building Practices Peso and logistics
• Launching of the program • Organization of the • 10 P’s as evaluation tools • Actively involved in
last August 2008 health sector -2001 for all hospitals advocacy creating
• Technical working group • Establishment of the • Postmortem evaluation demand for such services
(TWG) for health cluster – 2006 of major events and • Increasing awareness and
structural, non-structural • Establishment of hospital disasters role of policy makers in
and functional network to include • Clustering approach in DRR
• Manual (with WHO) for referral systems disaster management • Providing inputs to
use of hospital • TWG composition from • Research and evidence policies and planning
administrators members of the health based management especially in government
• Nationwide drill of all sector • MCM Survey 2005 with budget preparations
DOH hospitals last July • Establishment of WHO • Co-sharing with
2008 nutritional and WASH • Developed MCM module LGU/Health Sector in
• Assessment tool for clusters based on the study training, drills, and other
hospitals for their • Increasing partnership HEMS activities
• WHO Project 2006 –
preparedness to with the academe in evaluation of damaged • Established good
emergencies and terms of training and health facilities and networking and
disasters development of modules inputs into the collaboration with
• Nationwide research for development of policy on partners
all tertiary hospitals using the design and • “Opportunities in times
the tool construction of health of adversities”
• Advocacy to academe for facilities in Typhoon- • Effective external fund
development and prone areas sourcing to augment
inclusion to their meager budget in the
curriculum past
Source: Carmencita A. Banatin, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign
on Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
Ch
Overview
Source: Amod Mani Dixit, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
Ch
Structural assessment is that retrofitting is necessary
• Most hospitals
• Feasible
• Easy
• Cost effective
• Some hospitals
• Possible
• Complex
• Non-Structural assessment: lifelines
• Most rely on city lifeline system
• Some alternatives exist in each hospital mitigation
• Moderate earthquake – low cost and easy
• Severe earthquake – high cost and difficult
Source: Amod Mani Dixit, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
Ch
Outcome of possible intervention
Source: Amod Mani Dixit, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
Ch
Earthquake Hospital DRR activities of NSET
Community Free Clinic Capacity building
Source: Amod Mani Dixit, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
Ch
Need to work even in condition of “no policy”
Alternative approach
Source: Amod Mani Dixit, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
Ch
What is required next in Nepal
Political Risk Identification & Education and Knowledge
Feasibility/Commitment Monitoring Management
• Legal Framework-New • Financial and Technical • Flood management
Paradigm of Thinking Resources • Accessibility to
• Institutional • Political Support Training
Mechanisms should • Resistance from • Lessons Internalized and
be at Highest Level Administrator Practiced
• Credibility-public • Workers about • Two influence policy
Interest Liability • Sharing of best
• Risk Communication • Risk Communication Practices
Specific to Policy Making Strategy • Piloting –Testing-
• Advocacy/synthesis • Information to Refining-Dissemination
• Leadership Communities
• Indication of Priorities
• Workable Time Line
/Indicators
Source: Amod Mani Dixit, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
Ch
What is required next in Nepal
Preparedness for Effective
Reducing Risk Factors
Response
• Policies to Fix Existing • Pre event Planning (Facility)
Buildings: • Emergency Operating
• Structural, Non-structural & Procedures/Information
functional deficiencies Management
• Hospital System, Customize to the
Preparedness/Evacuation Plans type of Disaster
• Reducing Underlying Exposure • Provincial- Local- national
of Population to Hazards (Flood • Community Reach-out and
plain Construction, standards Involvement
etc.) • Logistical and Resource
• Absorbing Liability Planning
Source: Amod Mani Dixit, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case Study: Bicol Regional Training and
Ch
Teaching Hospital (BRTTH)
Overview
Source: Rogelio G. Rivera, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case Study: Bicol Regional Training and
Ch
Teaching Hospital (BRTTH)
Typhoon
Reming
Source: Rogelio G. Rivera, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case Study: Bicol Regional Training and
Ch
Teaching Hospital (BRTTH)
Stages of hospital response activities
Post-Impact Phase
• Rapid assessment of
damages
• Assessment of In-Patient
Impact phase Conditions
• Restoration of lifelines
• Code Red • Clearing and Restoration of
• HEMS, doctors, nurses and Communication System
staff on duty were called for • Networking and
an emergency meeting coordination
• HEICS – Hospital Emergency • Gov and NGO assistance
Incident Command System
• Logistics management
was activated
Pre-impact phase • Identification of problems i.e.
• Nov. 29, 2006 Code White was electrical power
declared water, supplies, manpower
• HEMS - Health Emergency and transport
Management Staff was • Contingency measures
mobilized
• Unit heads were advised to
secure their respective areas
Source: Rogelio G. Rivera, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
SAFE HOSPITALS Case Study: Bicol Regional Training and
Ch
Teaching Hospital (BRTTH)
What made the difference in the disaster response?
Implementation of
Office procedures emergency
Organizational shift
shortened procurement
system
Established
hospital
emergency
preparedness
Source: Rogelio G. Rivera, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008-2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
Part 9: Disaster Risk Reduction
and Education
Contents
• Overview
• The Education Model
• Building community capacity through education
• Structure of DRR Educational Interventions
• Case Study: School Earthquake Safety in Nepal
• Conclusions and Recommendations
Overview: Schools as centers for
DRR Education
Ch
implementing change
Source: Manu Gupta., Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations”
DRR Education The Education Model
Ch
School DRR programs make Safeguard Students, Teachers
community safer • Reduced conflicts with authorities in
• DRR Knowledge permeates into Post-Disaster situation
Households and ultimately to the
community
Importance of
School DRR
Programs
Source: Amod Dixit, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR: promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education The Education Model
Ch To Teach To Learn
and and
Empower Experience
To Practice
and
Reflect
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR:
promoting resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Building community capacity through education
Ch
Education and public
awareness is not a ‘dip-
stick’ exercise but
consciously built into
the DRR process
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~
promoting resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Structure of DRR Educational
Ch
Interventions
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~
promoting resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Global Open Forum for Risk Education
Ch
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~
promoting resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
Disaster Preparedness Education for Children
DRR Education
Ch
with Disabilities
Source: Sae Kani, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
Disaster Preparedness Education for Children
DRR Education
Ch
with Disabilities
Source: Sae Kani, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
Disaster Preparedness Education for Children
DRR Education
Ch
with Disabilities
1.Generally low skills of teachers for 2. Lack of appropriate simple DRR
teaching CWDs education materials for CWDs
• Continuous capacity building of teachers for • Special teaching materials needed for each
CWDs is needed disability such as Visual materials for deaf
• Acknowledgement and better social status and audio and Braille based materials for
of teachers for CWDs blind
• Teachers’ guide for how to teach DRR for
more complex disabilities is needed
Challenges for
sustainability of DRR
education for CWDs
Source: Sae Kani, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Case Study: School Earthquake Safety in Nepal
Ch
Overview
Source: Amod Dixit, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Case Study: School Earthquake Safety in Nepal
Ch
Nepal Draft National Strategy
Source: Amod Dixit, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Case Study: School Earthquake Safety in Nepal
Ch
Components of NSET School Challenges
Earthquake Safety Programs
Hazard vulnerability assessment of school buildings
Need to cover about
35,000 public schools and
Repair/Retrofit to national building code level and higher about 15,000 private
schools
Earthquake preparedness plan and conducting drills
• Provide earthquake awareness programs to students, teachers and parents
• Disaster safety clubs: new or existing Institutionalization in the
existing education system
Earthquake awareness programs in the hinterland communities •Implement National Strategy for
Disaster Risk Management
• Shake table demonstration •Develop National Strategy for
School DRR
• Awareness materials - explanation
• Students to conduct awareness programs in communities
Source: Amod Dixit, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Case Study: School Earthquake Safety in Nepal
Ch
Building Technology
Source: Amod Dixit, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Case Study: School Earthquake Safety in Nepal
Ch
Building Technology
Source: Amod Dixit, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Education Conclusions and Recommendations
Ch
Conclusions and Recommendations
• The Hyogo Framework of Action and Disaster Risk Reduction FA/DRR
cannot be achieved without safer schools
• Methods of comprehensive disaster education and school safety has
been shown to be feasible
• Development and implementation (with budget allocation) of formal
and non-formal education and awareness programs should be
mandatory in annual plans of governments in the education sector
• There should be a fixed percentage allocation of budget outlay in
education sector for retrofitting of vulnerable schools and
preparedness plans and drills
• Create special task forces on knowledge and public awareness within
national platforms/NDMOs
• Education Sector needs to be more inclusive addressing disaster
prevention education on priority
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~
promoting resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
Part 10: Indigenous
Knowledge and DRR
Contents
• Overview
• Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
• Case study: Kyoto University Activities
• Case Study: Major Initiatives in Transferring
Indigenous Knowledge
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Overview: Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
Context
Source: Author unknown, 2 December 08, Side Session on “Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
Definition
Needs
Source: Author unknown, 2 December 08, Side Session on “Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
Overview
Source: Rajib Shaw, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
Source: Rajib Shaw, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
Implementation issues in transferring knowledge
Source: Rajib Shaw, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
Transfer of knowledge classification
Three phases of
Five thematic areas Two types of TIK
Disaster Cycle
• Mountain • Based on • Pre-disaster
Ecosystem technology • During disaster
• Coastal Zone • Based on belief • Post-disaster
Management systems
• Integrated Water
Resource
Management
• Arid land
management
• River basin
management
• Housing and Shelter
Source: Rajib Shaw, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
Transferring indigenous knowledge in education
• Cross-discipline collaboration
• Civil society: Document and analyze
• Education and Research Community: Validation and analyze
• Policy maker: Policy decision
• Regional and International organization: Policy advocacy
• Steps (not necessarily in this order)
• Education: link to curriculum
• Policy: regional, national and local advocacy and decision
• Pilot: Implementation and validation
Source: Rajib Shaw, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
•Priority Thematic areas
Entry Points
•Gender and inclusion
•Research, documentation
•Education
Policy Tools
•Advocacy
•Institutional Framework
Agenda
•Enabling environment
•Change agents
•Special focus areas
Source: Rajib Shaw, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Case study: Kyoto University Activities
Ch
2006 2007 2008
Source: Rajib Shaw, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
Case Study: Major Initiatives in Transferring
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
Ch
Indigenous Knowledge
Source: J. Baumwoll, 2 December 08, Side Session on “Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction”
Part 11: Hyogo Framework of
Action (HFA)
Contents
• Overview
• HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
• Role of Stakeholders
• Case Study: AADMER and HFA Implementation in
ASEAN
• Case Study: SAARC and HFA Implementation in
South Asia
• Case Study: India and HFA Progress
• Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent and HFA
Implementation
Implementing HFA Hyogo Framework of Action: Overview
Ch
Priorities of Action
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~
promoting resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
Dimensions of reporting
National Reporting
Regional Reporting
Thematic Reporting
Global Reporting
• Regional inputs to the ISDR Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) for
the 2009 Global Platform on DRR
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
Roll Out of 2007/9 HFA Review Process
Reporting period: July 2007-June 2009
Ch
Roll Out of 2007/9 HFA Review Process
Reporting period: July 2007-June 2009
National level
Regional Level
Thematic Reports
• Report on Urban Disaster Reduction in Asia (Regional Task Force on Urban DRR)
• Report on Space Technology Applications in Asia (UNESCP and ADRC)
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
Lessons Learned: Positive Impact of HFA Reporting
• Reached out to new stakeholders, usually not part of official DRR
functions
• More commitment towards shared responsibilities to achieve DRR
objectives
• Humanitarian sector more aware of relationship of DRR and
development/MDG (Bangladesh)
• Learning and capacity building, especially of newly appointed HFA
focal organizations
• Opportunities to review long-term national DRR visions and priorities
in relation to HFA (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines)
• Enhanced capacity of NDMOs to initiate strategic analysis of DRR
(Nepal, Sri Lanka)
• HFA reporting more widely accepted as important political obligation
and plans to institutionalize the process in some countries
Based on findings from the joint UNISDR and UNDP initiative to support national HFA reporting capacities in
selected countries: Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, India, Philippines, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Lao PDR
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
Lessons Learned: Challenges
Ch
Recommendations for Immediate Follow-up Action
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
Regional Progress Overview
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
Regional Progress Overview
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
Progress at a Glace
New Revision of Legislation Bangladesh, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Sri
Lanka
New Institutional Frameworks and Systems India (NDMA), Maldives (NDMC), Pakistan
(NDMA), Sri Lanka (NDMC), Thailand (NDWC)
New National Platforms/Coordination Indonesia, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Mechanisms
National DRR Strategies and Frameworks Bangladesh, Bhutan, Fiji, India, Indonesia,
Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam
Strategic National Action Plans Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Indonesia,
Philippines, PNG, Republic of Marshall Islands,
Samoa, Thailand, and Vanuatu
Dedicated Resources for DRR India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
HFA Strategic Goal 1
The integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and
planning
• Range of initiatives to design and enact new DRR policies, plans and legislations has
been impressive
But:
• Policies and plans not based upon comprehensive multi-hazard risk and capacity
assessment
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
HFA Strategic Goal 2
The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities to build
resilience to hazards
• Most progress has focused on strengthening national level capacities of disaster
management/disaster reduction authorities
Therefore:
• More needs to be done to build capacity of local government and community level
actors, as well as of key development sectors
• Multi-stakeholder platforms are also required at the sub-national and local levels
• Public awareness campaigns and school education programs need to devise long-term
and coordinated strategies
• Curricula and DRR trainings require more targeted, hazard and sector specific inputs
• Role of women remains largely ignored and their capacities remain under-utilized
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
HFA Strategic Goal 3
•The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into emergency preparedness,
response and recovery programs
• The linkage between hazard monitoring, risk assessment, and disaster preparedness,
including early warning and response, remains insufficient
Therefore:
• Greater emphasis needs to be placed on local risks, capacities and knowledge that
influence community decisions to act
• Alternative financial instruments to relieve from the burden of response and recovery
are needed, e.g. micro-finance, micro-insurance and reinsurance
• Contingency plans need to consistently cover disaster recovery to ensure risk reduction
is note ignored in the aftermath of disasters
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA Role of Stakeholders
Ch
Overview Innovative Partnership
• The Need for Policy Research between stakeholders
on Integrating DRR into • Policy and Decision-makers
Development Planning Policy • Scientists
Framework to Implement
Hyogo Framework for Action • Local Communities
(HFA) Priorities • Private Sectors
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
Implementing HFA Role of Stakeholders
Ch
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
Implementing HFA Role of Stakeholders
Ch
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
Implementing HFA Interaction between Stakeholders
Ch
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
Implementing HFA Case Study: AADMER and HFA
Ch
Implementation in ASEAN
Disaster Management in
ASEAN
Source: Adelina Kamal , 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA Case Study: AADMER and HFA
Ch
Implementation in ASEAN
ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
Source: Adelina Kamal , 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA Case Study: AADMER and HFA
Ch
Implementation in ASEAN
ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
Source: Adelina Kamal , 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA Case Study: AADMER and HFA
Ch
Implementation in ASEAN
Programs
ARPDM • A reference point, adaptation throughout
implementation, expire in 2010
Source: Adelina Kamal , 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA Case Study: AADMER and HFA
Ch
Implementation in ASEAN
Programs
• Two-year, five training priorities to support capacity
ASEAN -HFA Capacity Development
development in line with AADMER and HFA
ASEAN ERAT • Deployed for the first time for Cyclone Nargis response
Source: Adelina Kamal , 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Case Study: SAARC and HFA
Implementing HFA
Ch
Implementation in South Asia
Overview
National initiatives
• Every country has set up new institutional mechanisms for disaster management
• 3 countries have enacted new laws, 3 countries have drafted laws, 2 are in the process of
doing so
• Early warning of disasters have improved
• Many innovative efforts being made to mainstream DRR in various sectors of
development, particularly
• Education at all levels, school safety
• Building bye laws, zoning regulations
• Housing design, construction technology
• Poverty alleviation, micro-finance and insurance etc
• Yet there lots and lots that remain to be done
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia
and the Pacific”
Case Study: SAARC and HFA
Implementing HFA
Ch
Implementation in South Asia
Regional initiatives
Ch
Implementation in South Asia
South Asia Disaster
Natural Disaster Rapid Unlocking Indigenous
Knowledge Network
Response Mechanism Knowledge
(SADKN)
• SAARC Summit in Aug • Documenting indigenous
2008 at Colombo knowledge on disaster
entrusted the risk reduction
responsibility to SDMC to • Four pilot projects of
develop a Natural Disaster documentation of IK
Rapid Response completed in Nepal, Sri
Mechanism for Lanka and India
coordinated and planned • Framework developed for
approach to meet integrating such
emergencies in South Asia knowledge with
• Work is in progress to community based disaster
develop Agreement on risk reduction
SAARC Natural Disaster
Rapid Response
Mechanism, and
Standard Operating
Procedure on NDRRM
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia
and the Pacific”
Case Study: SAARC and HFA
Implementing HFA
Ch
Implementation in South Asia
• Good foundation made for DRR but lots more remain to be done
• Steps required for accelerating progress:
• Political: Raising awareness and generating demand for risk reduction
• Economic: More solid evidence that DRR pays
• Technical: Developing simple but useful tools for mainstreaming DRR in development
• Strategic: Building partnerships with corporate, media, civil society etc
• Level of both ‘total’ and ‘acceptable risks’ being very high in South Asia the focus of the
countries is more on preparedness for a better response
• Within the preparedness umbrella efforts more on:
• Pre-disaster planning at all levels
• Early warning and last mile connectivity
• Mock drills, evacuation, emergency medical preparedness
• Training, capacity building
• These are more cost effective and pays rich dividends in short period in reducing loss of
lives and properties
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia
and the Pacific”
Implementing HFA Case Study: India and HFA
Ch
Progress
Priority 1
Source: O. Ravi, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia and the
Pacific”
Implementing HFA Case Study: India and HFA
Ch
Progress
Priority 2
• India has established an interim Tsunami Warning centre at National Centre for
Ocean Information Services ( INCOIS) Hyderabad.
• Government of India has identified key departments/organizations to provide
early warnings on different hazards
• Work is under progress to establish a Disaster Management Support Control
Room in Geological Survey of India and connected to NDMA and MHA to make
direct contact with the landslide prone states to collect landslide related data
• Central Water Commission (CWC) provides flood forecast on all major flood
prone rivers and inflow forecasts for selected important reservoirs. The
National Flood Atlas has also been prepared by the commission
• The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) has been set up by the Survey
of India (Department of Science & Technology), to collect, compile, analyze
and prepare value added maps for use by various agencies in the field of DM;
for management of natural resources, industrial applications etc.
• National Emergency Operations Center (NEOC), in place since 2005.
Emergency Operations Centres opened up at the State and district level
• Macro scale Vulnerability Atlas for India has been prepared
Source: O. Ravi, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia and the
Pacific”
Implementing HFA Case Study: India and HFA
Ch
Progress
Priority 3
• Government of India in its 10th Five year Plan emphasized the need for integration
of Disaster Management in the existing education system
• Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) as well 13 other State Education
Boards have included Disaster management as a subject in the curriculum of
secondary education
• For effective curriculum transaction, the CBSE has taken up extensive training
programmes for teachers in a phased manner across the country
• Many of the state engineering and architecture colleges have introduced Hazard
Resistant Technology as a subject
• National Institution of Disaster Management, (NIDM) has been established
• NIDM has introduced web based Online Training Programme on Comprehensive
Disaster Risk Management Framework in collaboration with the World Bank
Institute
• India Disaster Knowledge Network is under development
• Few of the universities and autonomous institutes in the country running formal
courses on disaster management
• DMI Bhopal has also been identified as the regional training institute for imparting
training on Incident Command System by Ministry Of Home Affairs
Source: O. Ravi, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia and the
Pacific”
Implementing HFA Case Study: India and HFA
Ch
Progress
Priority 4
Source: O. Ravi, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia and the
Pacific”
Implementing HFA Case Study: India and HFA
Ch
Progress
Priority 5
Source: O. Ravi, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia and the
Pacific”
Implementing HFA Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent and
Ch
HFA Implementation
Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 1: Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 2:
Governance Risk Mapping
• Mainstreaming DRR • Risk Assessment and Mapping
• National Platform (Sri Lanka, Indonesia) • Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (VCA)
• Support in the development of NDMC • Regional hazard maps (Mongolia)
(Cambodia) • DRR Indicators
• DRR in the development policy 2008 (Nepal) • Jointly with DFID, development of DRR
• Legislation to support DRR (incorporating IDRL indicators and characteristics of a disaster-
into Indonesia DM law and regulation) resilient community (South Asia Regional DRR
• Decentralization Programme)
• Disaster Management centers in 5 zones • Data Collection and Information Management
(Malaysia) • Disaster Management Information System;
• Political Commitment GIS/GPS (Indonesia)
• Working with NDMO, Climate Change Division
and Met Office to include climate change issues
in risk reduction programmes (Solomon Islands)
• Community Participation
• Community Vulnerability Reduction (China)
• Integrated Community Approach
(Indonesia, Kiribati)
Source: Jeong Park, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent and
Ch
HFA Implementation
Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 2: Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 3:
Early Warning Knowledge Management
• Community-based Early Warning System • Information Sharing with Stakeholders
• Flood early warning system (Cambodia); • Dpnet(Nepal)
• Community awareness campaign as part • DRR forum (Cambodia, Indonesia)
of CBEWS • Exchange and Dialogue through
• “Last Miles” Networking
• Alarming villages by riding around on • RC/RC regional networks (e.g. Southeast
bicycles and shouting warning messages Asia RDMC, South Asia DMWG, Pacific
through megaphones(Bangladesh during EMCG)
Cyclone Sidr) • Research
• Radio Network • Role of women in DRR
• HF/VHF in disaster prone areas • Applied studies on the relationship
• Simulations between climate change and disasters
• Evacuation drills (Bangladesh, Sri (India)
Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia) • Participatory Action Learning
Source: Jeong Park, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent and
Ch
HFA Implementation
Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 3: Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 4:
Education Risk Reduction
• School DRR • Sustainable Environmental Management
• Inclusion of DRR into school curricula (Nepal, Sri • Mangrove plantation to protect the sea dyke system
Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Fiji, etc.) (Vietnam)
• Higher Education • Tree planting in CBDP programme (DPRK)
• Post graduate diploma course in disaster preparedness • DRR into Climate Change Adaptation
and rehabilitation (India) • Climate adaptation actions with DRR programme (Cook
• Community DRR Training Islands, Tonga)
• DRR training programme • Food Security for Resilience
• CBDRR handbook, jointly with ADPC ( • Vegetable garden as an alternative food source (Timor
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Leste)
Lanka) • DRR into Health and Safer Hospital
• Public Awareness • Integration of CBDP and CBFA
• “Disaster Safety Mind” campaign (Thailand); • Construction of multi-hazard resilient health facility or
• Brochures, leaflets, posters, plays, puppet shows, street inclusion of Avian Influenza (Laos)
drama, TV shows, radio programme, etc. • Protection of Public Facilities
• Cyclone shelters (Bangladesh, India)
• Multi purpose community centers (Sri Lanka, Nepal)
• Recovery
• Micro-credit schemes for housing construction, small
boats or fishing nets
• Income generating activities (Indonesia, Sri
Lanka, Pakistan, India, etc.)
Source: Jeong Park, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Implementing HFA Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent and
Ch
HFA Implementation
Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 5:
Cross-cutting issues
Preparedness
• Contingency Planning • Multi Hazard Approach
• Agreement with UNDP in community • Applied to community programmes(multi
contingency planning (Tsunami affected hazard early warning system)
countries) • Gender and Cultural Diversity
• Emergency Fund • Gender perspective into DRR policies and
• AusAID prepositioned emergency funding ( practices (strive to have more female
Indonesia) volunteers in Bangladesh)
• Volunteerism and Participation • Respecting traditional coping mechanisms and
• National Disaster Response Teams local wisdom
(Malaysia, Philippines) • Community and Volunteer Participation
• Regional Disaster Response Teams • Communities are at the centre of RC/RC
• Logistics actions, and volunteers are the backbone of
• Regional Logistics Units DRR actions
• Prepositioned stocks • Capacity Building
• Organizational development as part of core
program areas;
• Foundation of the Maldives Red Crescent Society
Source: Jeong Park, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Part 12: Mainstreaming
Disaster Risk Reduction
Contents
• Case Study: RCC Program
• Case Study: RCC Program in the Philippines
• Case Study: RCC Program in Sri Lanka
• Case Study: RCC Program in Nepal
• Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program
Ch
RCC 2: Comprehensive disaster risk
RCC 1: Integration of disaster risk management approach to be adopted by
reduction into national development all member countries and creating
process awareness, political will and support for
disaster management
RCC Recommendations
on Mainstreaming DRR
into Development
Source: Loy Rego, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program
Ch
Source: Loy Rego, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program
Ch
Component 1: Mainstreaming DRR into National Development Process
Source: Loy Rego, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program
Ch
Component 2: Mainstreaming DRR into Sectoral Development Process
Source: Loy Rego, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program
Ch
Component 3: Advocacy for building awareness and political
support
• Development and dissemination of Advocacy Kits for
Ministers and Parliamentarians of RCC member countries on
“Why DRR Mainstreaming is needed?”
• Facilitate one national high table discussion on DRR in 3 RCC
member countries
• Conduct National Workshops on DRR for senior officials of all
key ministers in 3 RCC member countries
• Presentation on Mainstreaming DRR at relevant regional
meetings at Ministerial and senior official level and/or at
Regional Forums of Parliamentarians
Source: Loy Rego, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program
Ch
Component 4: Knowledge Management Platform for
mainstreaming of DRR
• RCC MDRD Website currently under development
• RCC members were requested to nominate information and
knowledge management focal point
• Website; “Mainstreaming DRR in Asia”. Will host information on
initiatives in RCC member countries on mainstreaming DRR
• Questionnaire on status of mainstreaming filled by RCC member
countries in 2005, would be uploaded on the website
• Would include web pages on RCC MDRD Program (Progress
made and planned activities)
• Separate webpage on RCC (Past meeting, themes, proceedings)
Source: Loy Rego, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in the Philippines
Ch
Strategy in the Philippines Key sectors/government agencies
Source: Glenn J Rabonza, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in the Philippines
Ch
Education
Ch
Infrastructure Local Governance
Source: Glenn J Rabonza, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in the Philippines
Ch
Gaps and Challenges Identified Sustaining MDRD Initiatives
Source: Glenn J Rabonza, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Sri Lanka
Ch
PIP Project in Sri Lanka Proposed Activities for Implementing PIP
• Government of Sri Lanka submitted an • Study of the Housing Sector in Sri Lanka
Expression of Interest to the RCC to • Identifying opportunities for incorporating
undertake PIP in the Housing Sector DRR in the National Housing Policy
• This is aimed at contributing towards the • Study of the Housing Sector Plans as a part
implementation of the ‘Towards a Safer Sri of National Physical Plan and identification
Lanka; Road Map for Disaster Risk of opportunities to incorporate DRR
Management’ by increasing disaster • Stocktaking of National Guidelines/ Codes/
resilience in Housing Sector Manuals on construction of houses
• Initial funding received by ADPC from • Study of a hazard prone province to identify
AusAID for the year 2008 to initiate the PIP gaps and propose recommendations on
• ADPC as the RCC Secretariat will provide integration of DRR in housing
technical support to the Government of Sri • National Workshop to highlight the gaps
Lanka in the implementation of the PIP and recommendations of the Technical
• Initial activities to be implemented over the Working Group and identify the next steps
period from November 2008 to January
2009
Source: Author unknown, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Sri Lanka
Ch
PIP Implementation Mechanism
Source: Author unknown, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Nepal
Ch
The Systematic interpretation of
Strategic Goals
DRR approaches
• The integration of DRR into • Several municipalities enforcing
Policies and Planning building code
• 10th National Development • Enactment of Local Self
Plan Governance Act (1999) – provides
• 3 yrs Interim Development Plan authority to Local Authorities
• Development & Strengthening of • Prepared National Strategy for
Institutions, and Capacities to DRM
build resilience to hazard • National Platform
• Establishment of Disaster Focal • Disaster Management Act
Desk in 10 key sectoral
Ministries
• Post Disaster Activities
• I/NGOs
• CBDRM
Source: Thir Bahadur, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Nepal
Ch
Activities Expected Outcomes
Source: Thir Bahadur, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
Overview
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
Housing and Infrastructure Agriculture
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
Education Environment
• Integrating DRR modules into school • The inclusion of DRR in the Bali Action
curriculum and religious education at Plan is a major success that will have
local levels; positive repercussions for reduction
• Introduction of DRR into extra school risks in the future
curricula and youth scouts activities • Better collaboration between climate
and implementation public awareness change bodies, focal points and
on DRR experts and their DRR counterparts
• Developing DRR training modules for • More accessible DRR information and
teacher tools for climate change adaptation
• Promoting school retrofitting negotiators and managers
• Socializing and implementing the new
disaster management law, NAP-DRR
and NAPA at all administrative levels as
well as at the community level
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
Health Cross Sector
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
Lessons Learned
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
MAINSTREAM DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
Challenges
• Develop technical guidelines as the derivation from the DM Law in line with the mainstreaming DRR
into sustainable development
• Integrate and synergize strategies adopted by each sectors into a holistic approach of DRR in the
development
• Formulate national strategy on the disaster education in order to synergize and to consolidate the
current disaster educations that has already introduced and implemented fragmentary in the local
levels by NGOs and International donors
• Develop law enforcement on the DRR implementation
• Strengthen capacity of government institutions and apparatus in the DM and DRR aspects
• Improve public awareness through campaign, simulation drill, etc
• Introduce DRR Sensitivity Planning Approach as the bottom up development planning approach
starting at the village levels
• Formulate policy recommendation and strategy for the implementation of CBDRM, that currently
implemented fragmentary by INGOs and NGOs at sub district and village levels
• Shift the international donors and community on the DRR implementation from ‘favorable areas’
(Aceh, Jogya, Central java, NTT) to other prone disaster areas , such as Sulawesi Island, South
Kalimantan, etc
• Formulate sustainable tools to link from rehabilitation and reconstruction stage to DRR and
mitigation efforts
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
Contents
Part 13: Regional and Country
Profiles
Ch
Overview
ASEAN situation
Source: Adelina Kamal, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction.”
CASE STUDY ASEAN: Response to Cyclone Nargis
Ch
ASEAN Response activities
• Activation of SASOP and AHA centre
• Daily situation updates, 24/7
monitoring, offers of
assistance, recommendations for
action
• First ERAT between 9-18 May 08
Source: Adelina Kamal, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction.”
CASE STUDY ASEAN: Response to Cyclone Nargis
Ch
Post-Nargis Joint Assessment Maintaining the momentum
Post-assessment
Source: Adelina Kamal, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction.”
REGIONAL PROFILE UNISDR in Central Asia
Ch
Objective
Source: Goulsara Pulatova, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “DRR initiatives in Central Asia.”
REGIONAL PROFILE UNISDR in Central Asia
Ch
Disaster Risk Reduction Education
• Tajikistan:
• Integration of disaster risk reduction into national secondary education curriculum
• Curriculum Revision Working Group
• DRR training program
• DRR manuals and school books
• Kazakhstan
• Development of DRR course for universities
• Local seismic risk management project in secondary schools
• Uzbekistan
• Voluntary search and rescue teams training program
• Development of educational materials and training modules
• Training of trainers and rescue teams
Capacity development
• Establish and strengthen the network of interaction, knowledge, and information exchange on
disaster prevention
• Conduct national and regional conferences and workshops
Source: Goulsara Pulatova, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “DRR initiatives in Central Asia.”
CASE STUDY SAARC Disaster Management Framework
Ch
History
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) setup a Disaster Management Centre in 2007
• A Comprehensive Disaster Management Framework was developed in an Expert Group Meeting in Dhaka in
February 2006
• The Framework was approved by SAARC Environmental Ministers in July 2006 and adopted at the 14th SAARC
Summit of Heads and Governments in New Delhi in November 2007
• The framework is aligned with the implementation of the Hyogo Framework of Action
• Specific to South Asia Countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
Definition of disaster
• Holistic management of disasters covering all its phases – prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, relief and
reconstruction
Objectives
• Establish and strengthen the regional disaster management system to reduce risks and to improve response and
recovery management at all levels
• Identify and elaborate country and regional priorities for action
• Share best practices and lessons learnt from disaster risk reduction efforts at national levels
• Establish a regional system to develop and implement regional programmes and projects for early warning
• Establish a regional system of exchanging information on prevention, preparedness and management of natural
disasters
• Create a regional response mechanism dedicated to disaster preparedness, emergency relief and rehabilitation to
ensure immediate response
• Create a regional mechanism to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of achievements towards goals and strategies
REGIONAL PROFILE South Asia: SAARC
Ch
Objectives of SAARC Comprehensive Disaster Management Framework
• Establish and strengthen the regional disaster management system to reduce risks and to improve
response and recovery management at all levels
• Identify and elaborate country and regional priorities for action
• Share best practices and lessons learnt from disaster risk reduction efforts at national levels
• Establish a regional system to develop and implement regional programmes and projects for early
warning
• Establish a regional system of exchanging information on prevention, preparedness and management of
natural disasters
• Create a regional response mechanism dedicated to disaster preparedness, emergency relief and
rehabilitation to ensure immediate response
• Create a regional mechanism to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of achievements towards goals and
strategies
Expected Outcomes
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
REGIONAL PROFILE South Asia: SAARC
Ch
Priorities for Action
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
REGIONAL PROFILE South Asia: SAARC
Ch
Priorities for Action
Develop and implement disaster management training,
education, research and awareness programs
• Conduct training need assessment
• Develop strategies for HRD
• Develop training modules for various stakeholders
• Standardize training curriculum
• Mainstream disaster risk reduction in education at all levels
• Exchange trainers and experts
• Conduct research, documentation and publication
• Compile best practices and indigenous knowledge
• Develop indicators for measuring the impact of training
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
REGIONAL PROFILE South Asia: SAARC
Ch
Priorities for Action
Regional Road Maps
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
REGIONAL PROFILE South Asia: SAARC
Ch
SAARC Comprehensive Disaster Management Framework
• Developed before the SAARC Disaster Management Centre was set up in Delhi
in 2007
• Developed in an Expert Group Meeting in Dhaka in February 2006
• Approved by SAARC Environment Ministers in July 2006
• Adopted at the Fourteenth SAARC Summit of Heads and Governments in New
Delhi in November 2007
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE Bangladesh
Ch
Government of Bangladesh’s vision on Disaster Salient statistics
Management: “To reduce the vulnerability of people,
especially the poor, to the effects of natural, environmental Total population 140 million
and human induced hazards to a manageable and
acceptable humanitarian level” Total geographic 144,000 sq km
Year Disaster Death area
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Bangladesh
Ch
Disaster Management Institutional Framework
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Bangladesh
Ch
Elements of National Development Risk Reduction System
Source: Masud Siddiqui, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.””
COUNTRY PROFILE Bangladesh
Ch
Disaster Risk Reduction Framework
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Bangladesh
Ch
Disaster Risk Reduction Framework
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Bangladesh
Ch
Resource Allocation for Preparedness
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Bangladesh: Cyclone SIDR
Ch
Factors that made a difference in Disaster statistics
response
1. Improved disaster prevention Death toll 3,406
measures including an improved
forecasting and warning system
2. Coastal afforestation projects Missing 1001
3. Cyclone shelters – 2033 and
2097 proposed Wounded 55,282
4. Embankments
5. Cyclone Preparedness Affected 8.9
million
Programme (CPP)
6. Increased resilience of the poor Loss of livestock 1.7
7. Paradigm shift from a relief million
centric approach to a more Crops damaged area 2.4
holistic, multi-disciplinary DRR million
approach acres
8. Community based disaster Affected educational 16,954
preparedness institutions
9. Volunteers – 42,000
Total economic loss US$1.7
million
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Bangladesh: Cyclone SIDR
Ch
Resource Mobilization
• GoB responded with timely aid and
assistance.
• Allocated US$ 6.7 million (for relief
and housing construction)
• Armed Forces launched search and
rescue and early relief operations
• US Marine Forces participated in
the rescue and relief operations
• Impressive coordination with
international donors, civil society
and INGOs
• A medium and long term disaster
funding strategy
• JDNLA identified the needs and
quantified financial requirements
which is US$ 360 million for
immediate recovery activities and
US$ 953 million for medium-to-
long term recovery and
reconstruction phases
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Bangladesh: Cyclone SIDR
Ch
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Bangladesh: Cyclone SIDR
Ch
Conclusions and recommendations
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE China
Ch
Distribution of Earthquakes in China (1900-2004)
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
COUNTRY PROFILE China
Ch
Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
COUNTRY PROFILE China
Ch
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
CASE STUDY China: Earthquake in Wenchuan
Ch
Disaster Overview
Source: Pang Chenmin 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY China: Earthquake in Wenchuan
Ch
Disaster Overview Continued
Economic loss US$12.4 billion (RMB 84.5
billion)
US$ 11.3 billion (RMB 77.2
billion) in Sichuan
Deaths (Oct 10, 69, 227
2008)
Affected 46,250,000
Evacuated 15,106,000
Collapsed 7,960,000
houses
Damaged 245,430,000
houses
Source: Pang Chenmin 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY China: Earthquake in Wenchuan
Ch
Response Activities
“In response to the destructive
large-scale earthquake, the All-out effort to
Command Rescue forces
Chinese government set life
save trapped
headquarter set-up dispatched
people
rescues as a top priority by
launching the operation of
earthquake resistance and
relief with rapid rescue Assurance of basic
Utmost assistance National mourning
efforts, wide resources life conditions
to injured people day introduced
mobilization and the most provided
extensive input to have
maximized rescue operation
and minimized the impacts Immediate
induced by earthquake.” Wide social repairing and Safeguarding the
mobilization restoration of market supply
lifeline projects
Strict prevention
Open media Scientific planning
from secondary
information flow for reconstruction
disasters
Source: Pang Chenmin 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY China: Earthquake in Wenchuan
Ch
Review and Lessons Learned
Source: Pang Chenmin 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Salient Statistics
Social Vulnerability
Economic Impact
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Multi-stakeholder mechanism for DRR
Source: O. Ravi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive Framework
on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Disaster Management: Long-term vision
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Resources for Disaster Management
• Disaster Management Act 2005
Legal & Constitutional Provisions: • National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Autonomous • State DMA, District DMA
Authorities, Empowerment, Governance • National Executive Committee (NEC)
• National Disaster Response Forces
• Building Capacities
Technological Resources: Early Warning • Space enabled Disaster Management Support
Systems, Information, Communication &
Space, Technologies (ICST) • National Tsunami & Storm Surge EWS
• Modernization of Met. Observation Systems
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Legislation for DRR Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response
• National Rural Employment Act,2005-an unique • Tsunami Early Warning System established by Indian
legislation aims at livelihood security and reducing National Centre for Ocean Information Services (
vulnerability of community INCOIS), Hyderabad
• The Environment Protection Act ,1996 • Key Departments/ Organizations identified to provide
• Environment Policy,2006 early warnings on different natural hazards
• Coastal Zone Regulations • National Disaster Response Force
• Disability Act 1995 • The National Emergency Communication Plan to
• The National Policy for Empowerment of Women- provide last mile connectivity
gender mainstreaming for DRR • The National Flood Atlas has been prepared by the
• Panchayati Raj Act-73rd and 74th Amendment of the Central Water Commission
Indian Constitution • The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) has
been set up by the Survey of India to
collect, compile, analyze and prepare value-added
maps for use by various agencies in the field of DM.
• Disaster Management Support Project –MHA-USAID
initiative (training on ICS, procurement of advance
search and rescue equipments etc.)
• Community Based Disaster Risk Management
Programme in 176 multi-hazard prone districts in the
country-an initiative of MHA-UNDP
• Emergency Operation Centers established at
National, State and District level for effective
coordination during disaster response
Source: O. Ravi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive Framework
on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Reducing the underlying risk factors through appropriate
Capacity Development for Disaster Risk Reduction
social, economic and sectoral development policies
• National Institution of Disaster Management, (NIDM) • The DM Act has made it mandatory for every
established. NIDM also hosts SAARC-DMC Ministry/Department at National and State level to
• National Disaster Management Programme (NDMP) for prepare disaster management plans and integrate DRR
training and capacity building of disaster managers. in the ongoing development programmes
• National Programme for Capacity Building of Engineers • DRR is not a stand-alone activity-integral part of
in Earthquake Risk Management developmental planning
• National Programme for Capacity Building of Architects • Climate Change is unequivocal-disaster vulnerability
in Earthquake Risk Management. closely linked to Climate Change
• Disaster Management in School Curriculum • Mitigation measures indispensable for sustainable
development
• National Action Plan on Climate Change-identified
Eight missions
• National Solar Mission
• National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
• National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency.
• National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan
Ecosystem
• National Water Mission
• National Mission for Green India
• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
• National Mission for Strategic Knowledge on Climate
Change
Source: O. Ravi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive Framework
on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Some of the key developmental programmes
Contextual Challenges
with Disaster Risk Reduction content
• Drought Prone Area Programmeand Desert • Vast geographical spread and population
Development Programme. pressure
• National Rural Employment Guarantee • Multi-hazard profile of the country with
Scheme –provides wage employment in the diverse physical topography
rural areas, food security and creation of • Capacity gaps in implementing Disaster Risk
durable community assets Reduction measures
• ISRO Disaster Management Support (DMS) • The provisions of the DM legislation
Programme requires more time to get implemented on
• National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project ground
(US$350 Million) • Mitigation requires long-term planning and
• National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project is resource intensive
(US $119 Million approx.) • Need to develop a strong mechanism for
• National Landslide Risk Mitigation Project disaster information sharing
• School Safety Project • Need to strengthen the knowledge
• Retrofitting of select life-line structures management systems
• Enabling environment and roadmap for
sustainable development
Source: O. Ravi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive Framework
on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Source: O. Ravi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive Framework
on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE India:
Ch
Gujarat (Bhuj) Earthquake
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Gujarat (Bhuj ) Earthquake
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Gujarat (Bhuj ) Earthquake
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Gujarat (Bhuj ) Earthquake
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
GoI Policies on Disaster Management
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
Integration of Disaster Management Plans
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
Policies on DRR financing
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
Comprehensive Planning and Funding
Arrangements for DRR
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
Position of NAP DRR within the Planning
and Budgeting Process
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
DM and DRR related budget allocation in
annual work plan 2007-2008
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
DM and DRR related budget allocation in
annual work plan 2009
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
Non-government budget for DRR
Multilateral and Bilateral Loan /Grants for DRR
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
Lessons Learned
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
Challenges and the Way Forward
• Develop the derivation from the DM Law in line with mainstreaming DRR into
sustainable development
• Integrate and synergize strategies adopted by each sectors into a holistic
approach of DRR in the development
• Strengthen capacity of government institutions and apparatus in DM and DRR
aspects
• Improve public awareness through campaign, simulation drill, etc.
• Introduce DRR Sensitivity Planning Approach as the bottom up development
planning and budgeting approach starting at village levels
• Formulate policy recommendation and strategy for the implementation of
CBDRM that is currently implemented fragmentary by NGOs at sub-district
and village levels
• Shift the international donors and community focus on DRR implementation
from ‘favorable areas’ (Aceh, Jogya) to other prone disaster areas
• Formulate sustainable tools to link from rehabilitation and reconstruction
stage to DRR and mitigation efforts, as well as integrate DRR and Climate
Change (NAP-DRR and NAPA)
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Korea: Beef Crisis
Ch
Overview
• Korea was third largest overseas market for US beef
• In 2003, import stopped after the discovery of BSE or “mad cow disease” and
resumed after trade talks in 2008
• There was still fear of the disease by Koreans and mass candlelight protests
• Protests
• Started with the fear of the unknown
• Amplified by the internet-based media
• Somewhat political and may have been anti-American instigated by leftwing
groups
Source: Ji Bum Chung, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Emergency Management”
CASE STUDY Korea: Beef Crisis
Ch
Social amplification of risk
• Relatively minor risk – as assessed by technical experts – elicited strong public concerns and
impacts on society as a whole
Source: Ji Bum Chung, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
CASE STUDY Korea: Beef Crisis
Ch
Amplification Process
Cyber activists
Social
post plans and
Virtual petitions networking
Stir people’s schedules about
online to sites, instant
anger or upcoming street
hundreds of messenger Mass protests
nationalistic protests on
thousands of (IM), SMS, are
sentiments online
people used to help
discussion
organize
forums
Source: Ji Bum Chung, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
CASE STUDY Malaysia
Ch
Type of disasters covered in
Official definition of a disaster Criteria for disasters:
definition
• Incident that occurs in a sudden • Natural disaster such as floods and • 10 people or more killed, or
manner, complex in landslide • 100 people or more injured, or
nature, resulting in the loss of • Industrial & technological disasters • 10 000 people or more
lives, damages to property or the • Accidents of dangerous or evacuated, or
environment as well as affecting hazardous materials • Vast area affected and causing
the daily activities of local
• Collapse of high rise buildings & extensive environmental
community
special degradation or ecological
• Such incident requires the handling structures destruction, or
of
• Aviation accidents in public areas • Level II or Level III disaster
resources, equipment, frequency
• Railway accidents response
and extensive manpower from
• Major Fire Incidents activated
various agencies as well as
effective coordination and the • Collapse of hydroelectric dams or
possibility of demanding complex reservoirs
actions over a long period of time • Nuclear & radiological accidents
• Release of poisonous & toxic gases
in public places
• Air & environmental disasters such
as haze
Source: A. Fakhru’l-Razi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance
and Emergency Management.”
CASE STUDY Malaysia
Ch
Chronology
• Uniform Building-By-Laws developed in 1984 and implemented in 1986
• Formation of HAZMAT team in 1994
• Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1994
• Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) in 1995
• Directive 20 of the National Security Council in 1997
Source: A. Fakhru’l-Razi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance
and Emergency Management.”
CASE STUDY Malaysia
Ch
Source: A. Fakhru’l-Razi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance
and Emergency Management.”
CASE STUDY Malaysia
Ch
Source: A. Fakhru’l-Razi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance
and Emergency Management.”
CASE STUDY Malaysia NGOs involved:
Ch
-Malaysian Red Crescent
Society
Incident Command Structure -MERCY
-JIM, ABIM
-Global Peace Malaysia
-Global Sikh Malaysia
-AMAN Malaysia
-St. John Ambulance
-Force of Nature
-Haluan Malaysia
Source: A. Fakhru’l-Razi, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance
and Emergency Management.”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Major Disaster Events in Albay Province, 1990-2008
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Development
defined as:
• Compliance with MDG
Climate- and improvement in
Human Development
Albay Provincial proofed, Disaster- Indicators
Goal revised to: proofed • Disaster risk reduction
Development and climate action are
components of the
central economic
strategy, not the
contingency plan
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Key elements of Albay DRR Strategy
Risk Reduction Disaster
Disaster Response
• Risk Mapping Preparedness
• Info board Relief
• Geostrategic • Work with Recovery
• Preemptive Operations
Intervention Warning • Cluster
Agencies Evacuation • Demand-side
• CLUP Approach
• Damage and relief
• Climate change • Community-
based Warning Disaster
adaptation Assessment
Disaster Proofing
Development as an
intervention in in
Disaster Risk Reduction
and Climate Adaptation
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Resources for Institutionalized DMO PDOC Facilities and Equipment Risk and resource mapping
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Structural (hard) interventions
• Geostrategic Interventions
• Dike construction
• Levees
• Slope protection
• Roads and Bridges
• River control
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Guicadale Business Platform
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Soil Analysis
• BSWM-led soil testing of 15 LGUs with 3 already done (Polangui, Ligaoand Tiwi)
• Source of Funds: P5m from DA MOOE to Provincial Government
CLUP
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
GIS
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Systems for Preparedness
Resources
Security
• PNP and AFP
Inventory of population-at-risk
Inventory of safe evacuation centers
Identification of safe evacuation route
Warning system
• PAGASA, PHIVOLCS, MGB, OCD Livelihood analysis
Skills inventory
Source of Funds: Regular provincial
budget
Technical assistance to LGUs, Local
Institutions and NGOs
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Community Based Early Warning System
Communication Protocol
Evacuation Procedures
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Response Systems
Info board Critical Evacuation Centers Relief
•Training/Workshop of 720 barangays •Preemptive Evacuation •Supply side (food items, non-food
•SMART INFOBOARD (SMS Broadcast •Camp management system items)
Facility) •Demand side (cash relief)
•Free SMART Sims totaling 15,750
officials for the Disaster & Climate Risk
Reduction Monitoring system
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Damage Assessment System
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Lessons Learned on DRR & Development
Disaster Recovery and Disaster proofing of
Development development
• Humanitarian resources are • Disaster risk reduction must be
the same resources for a basic input to the Regional
development Master Plan
• Rehabilitation should be • CLUP or zoning policy is key
pursued in the context of a DRR instrument
development strategy • ECC/EIA is second line of
• Building back better defence
• Building back elsewhere • Engineering intervention
should be last recourse.
• Disaster preparedness =
development preparedness
• Without disaster, DRR =
economic expansion
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Solomon Islands: Gizo Tsunami
Ch
Disaster Overview Costs (in SBD)
Shelter 34,100,000
Date 2 April 2007
Transport & 289,604,507
Magnitude 8.1 Richter; wave of up to 10 infrastructure
meters Education 104,229,388
Impact 52 dead
Thousands displaced
Health 144,141,176
2777 destroyed structures
infrastructure &
1614 damaged structures
medical services
SBD $52 million - cost of response
Agriculture 6,215,000
Secondary Landslides
impact
Fisheries & 8,569,460
Marine resources
Total 591,694,530
Source: Loti Yates, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Solomon Islands: Gizo Tsunami
Ch
The Response
Source: Loti Yates, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Solomon Islands: Gizo Tsunami
Ch
Lessons Learned
• The NEOC was able to be activated immediately with the government taking the
lead
• Local communities were able to mobilise their own resources prior to support
coming in
• Donor support was very good
• The resources held by NGOs were quickly deployed to impacted communities
• Costs associated with mobilizing transportation for relief and assessments
purposes.
• Government agencies not sure of their roles and responsibilities thus limited
effectiveness of the NEOC in coordinating government resources
• Lack of capacity and arrangements at the provincial level. Members of the
Provincial Disaster Committee were victims themselves
• It was largely left to the NDMO with limited resources to coordinate Govt.
response, interact with donors, UNDAC, NGO’s and deploy staff to the affected
provinces for assessment and relief activities
• The need to have donors understanding receiving countries needs and how they
operate –cultural sensitivity
• Non-standardization of assessment methodologies and forms
Source: Loti Yates, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Solomon Islands: Gizo Tsunami
Ch
Going forward
Source: Loti Yates, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
CASE STUDY Solomon Islands: Gizo Tsunami
Ch
The New Solomon Islands Institutional Framework for DRM
(including Climate Change Adaptation)
sets its basis on the following principals:
Source: Loti Yates, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
COUNTRY PROFILE Sri Lanka
Ch
Hazards
• Floods
• Landslides
• Droughts
• Coastal Erosion
• Cyclonic Storms
• Tsunami (2004)
Shift to DRR
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE Sri Lanka
Ch
Towards a Safer Sri Lanka: Road Map for National Disaster Management Coordination
Disaster Risk Management Committee
• Policy, Institutional Mandates and • Representatives from Govt.
Development agencies, Donors, UN
• Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment agencies, INGOs, NGOs, Media, Professional
• Multi Hazard Early Warning and Academic institutions, Private sector, and
• Preparedness and Response Planning CBOs under the leadership of
Secretary, Ministry of Disaster Management
• Mitigation and Integration of DRR into
Development • Joint work planning to minimize duplication of
efforts
• Community-based Disaster Risk Management
• Regular monthly meetings
• Public Awareness, Education and Training
• Four Core groups
• Preparedness Planning
• Disaster Mitigation
• Training & Awareness
• Education
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE Sri Lanka
Ch
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE Sri Lanka
Ch
Priority Areas
Develop and implement risk reduction Establish Regional and National Response
strategies Mechanisms including EWS
• Development of standards for hazard • A 24 x 7 Emergency Operation Centre
and vulnerability assessments (risk has been established at the Disaster
profile of Sri Lanka for different hazards) Management Centre
are presently in progress by technical • An Emergency Response Committee at
institutions. This process is being national level has been established
coordinated by the Disaster • Identification of national organizations
Management Centre esponsible for early warning in the case
• National and Sub-national level Disaster of more frequent disasters already
Management Plans of Sri Lanka which identified
are under preparation – right balance • Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
across preparedness, response and are being developed
recovery
• Focal institutions responsible for EW
• Disaster Mitigation programs (both hard have developed linkages with regional
and soft) - with GOSL and donor funding and global centers
• National early warning systems have
been strengthened
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE Sri Lanka
Ch
Priority Areas
Develop and implement Disaster
Management
Strengthening of Early Warning Systems
training, education, research and
awareness programs
• Tsunami Hazard • Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in
• three tide gauges at Colombo, Kirinda education curriculum already in
and Trincomalee progress in collaboration with GTZ & NIE
• Only one seismograms (at Pallekele) • Post graduate programs have been
• Two more planned for A’pura and initiated in local universities
Hakmana in 2009 (Geofon) • Several programs are planned to
• Meteorological Hazards encourage research in DRR (e.g.
Symposium on DRR, Research Grants
• doppler weather radar will be added
etc.)
to the observation system in 2009
• A lot of awareness material on different
• a network of automatic weather
hazards has been developed. More in
stations (38)
progress
• a network of automatic rain gauge
stations
• improvement of GTS line speed (512k)
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, 1 December 08, Pre-Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive
Framework on disaster Management”
COUNTRY PROFILE Vietnam
Ch
Overview
Source: Đào Xuân Học, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COUNTRY PROFILE Vietnam
Ch
Structure of National Response
Source: Đào Xuân Học, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.”
COUNTRY PROFILE Vietnam
Ch
Organization for Flood and Storm Response
Source: Đào Xuân Học, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non-governmental Organizations.””
Developed by Rakhi Bhavnani
bhavnani@un.org